[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby <t>church</t>, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:** The target is "church" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby <t>church</t>, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar."
    *   The phrase is "vicar of a nearby church".
    *   The "vicar" is a clergy person in charge of a parish or church.
    *   "Nearby" implies a physical location/building, or the institution associated with a physical location.
    *   Crucially, the text mentions "stairs from the bell tower", "altar", and the physical movement of "ringers from above". This strongly suggests a physical structure.
    *   However, the specific phrase is "vicar of a nearby church". A vicar is the spiritual leader of a *parish* or a *congregation* (institutional sense) or the specific *building* (location sense). Usually, one is vicar *of* a parish or *of* a church building.
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1 (church%1:14:00::):* "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship" (e.g., the Anglican Church, the Catholic Church). This is the denomination sense. The text mentions "a nearby church", which rules out the general denomination sense because denominations are not "nearby" in a spatial sense relative to another specific location in the way a building is.
    *   *Sense 2 (church%1:06:00::):* "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" (synonyms: church building). This refers to the physical structure. The context describes physical features (stairs, altar, bell tower) and the location is described as "nearby".
    *   *Sense 3 (church%1:04:00::):* "a service conducted in a house of worship" (synonyms: church service). This is an event. One cannot be a vicar of a "service".
    *   *Sense 4 (church%1:14:01::):* "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church" (congregation). One can certainly be a vicar *of* a congregation/body of people. "Vicar of a nearby congregation" makes sense.
4.  **Disambiguate between Sense 2 (Building) and Sense 4 (Congregation):**
    *   The phrase is "vicar of a nearby church".
    *   In standard English usage, "vicar of St. Mary's" usually refers to the vicar of the *parish* or the *benefice* (the ecclesiastical entity), but often metonymically refers to the building.
    *   Let's look at the surrounding text. The previous sentence discusses "St. Mary's Church in Ilminster... dust-up over church attendance." The current sentence says "vicar of a nearby church".
    *   Context clues: "nearby". Usually, we say "a nearby building" or "a nearby organization". A congregation can be nearby, but physical proximity is most strongly associated with buildings in the phrase "a nearby [noun]".
    *   However, looking at the specific sentence structure: "vicar of a nearby church".
    *   Sense 2 defines it as "a place for public worship".
    *   Sense 4 defines it as "the body of people".
    *   Let's look at the broader context. The vicar is commenting on the architecture: "fault is in the stairs... located next to the altar". This implies he knows the building well.
    *   However, the specific syntactic position "vicar of [X]" usually takes the institution or the building name.
    *   Let's compare the definitions again.
        *   Sense 2: "a place..." (Building).
        *   Sense 4: "the body of people..." (Congregation).
    *   Is "church" here referring to the people or the building?
    *   The word "nearby" is the strongest cue. "A nearby church" usually distinguishes one physical place of worship from another. While a vicar shepherds the people (Sense 4), the entity described as "nearby" is primarily the physical location/building in a narrative describing geography ("nearby", "Ilminster", "St. Mary's").
    *   WordNet often distinguishes between the building (Sense 2) and the group (Sense 4).
    *   Consider the phrase: "The vicar of a nearby church."
    *   If I say, "I am going to a nearby church," I mean the building.
    *   If I say, "The pastor of a nearby church died," it implies the institution/group, but metonymy is at play.
    *   Let's look at the specific phrase in WordNet examples.
        *   Sense 2 example: "the church was empty" (building).
        *   Sense 4 example: "our church is hosting a picnic" (group).
    *   The sentence focuses on the location: "vicar of a nearby church... feels the fault is in the stairs...".
    *   While a vicar serves the people, the descriptor "nearby" predominantly localizes the *building*.
    *   Let's evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 4 strictly.
    *   Context: "vicar of a nearby church".
    *   Is it the building or the people?
    *   If it were the people (Sense 4), one might say "vicar of a nearby parish" or "congregation". But "church" is used.
    *   Often, "church" in "vicar of a church" refers to the specific local church as an institution, which WordNet might map to the congregation sense (Sense 4) or the building sense (Sense 2).
    *   However, "nearby" is a spatial adjective. Spatial adjectives apply most literally to physical objects (Sense 2). While groups can be "nearby" (e.g., "a nearby tribe"), in the context of a vicarage, the parish/church is defined by its geographical boundaries and building.
    *   Most importantly, the text contrasts "St. Mary's Church in Ilminster" with "a nearby church". This implies a geographical entity.
    *   In many WSD datasets, "vicar of a church" or "pastor of a church" is often annotated as the building/place sense (Sense 2) because the name of the entity usually refers to the building (e.g., St. Mary's Church), and the vicar is attached to that place.
    *   However, let's look at the definition of Sense 2: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship". Synonym: "church building".
    *   Definition of Sense 4: "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church".
    *   A vicar is technically the vicar of the *parish* (area or people).
    *   But let's look at the word "nearby". "A nearby church" functions here as a location marker.
    *   If the sentence was "The nearby church voted to paint the roof," it would be Sense 4 (people).
    *   Here the sentence is "vicar of a nearby church".
    *   The vicar belongs to the institution/organization.
    *   However, in WSD tasks involving WordNet, "church" preceded by a locative attribute ("nearby") usually triggers the building sense (Sense 2). The logic is that the "church" is identified by its physical location relative to the speaker/context.
    *   Let's verify against the provided examples.
    *   Sense 2: "the church was empty" (Physical space).
    *   Sense 4: "our church is hosting a picnic" (Group action).
    *   The target phrase is "vicar of a nearby church".
    *   This is a tough call between Institution (not listed as a separate sense here, but often conflated with people/building in WN) and Building.
    *   WordNet 3.0 sense inventory for "church":
        1. (Denomination)
        2. (Building)
        3. (Service)
        4. (Congregation/Body of people)
    *   The phrase "vicar of a nearby church" refers to the entity.
    *   Key deciding factor: The adjective "nearby".
    *   "Nearby" selects for the physical location. A group of people is rarely described as "a nearby group" in this context unless they are gathered. The entity "church" is "nearby".
    *   Furthermore, the context describes the stairs and altar of the "nearby church" in the subsequent sentences, reinforcing the physical aspect of the entity being discussed.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit because the modification by "nearby" specifies the physical instance of the church.

    *   Let's double check Sense 4. Could "church" here mean the congregation? "Vicar of a nearby congregation". It's possible, but less idiomatic than "Vicar of a nearby church" where "church" stands for the local parish entity, often represented by the building name. Given the "nearby" locative, Sense 2 is the intended meaning in the WordNet classification scheme (Building vs People). "Nearby" maps to Building.

    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: feel
Target surface form: feels
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, <t>feels</t> the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=feel%2:37:00:: | definition=undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind | synonyms=experience | examples=She felt resentful; He felt regret
2. sense_key=feel%2:31:00:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
3. sense_key=feel%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles | synonyms=sense | examples=He felt the wind; She felt an object brushing her arm
4. sense_key=feel%2:29:00:: | definition=be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state | examples=My cold is gone--I feel fine today; She felt tired after the long hike
5. sense_key=feel%2:31:01:: | definition=have a feeling or perception about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior or attitude | examples=She felt small and insignificant; You make me feel naked
6. sense_key=feel%2:39:01:: | definition=undergo passive experience of: | examples=We felt the effects of inflation; her fingers felt their way through the string quartet
7. sense_key=feel%2:42:00:: | definition=be felt or perceived in a certain way | examples=The ground feels shaky; The sheets feel soft
8. sense_key=feel%2:39:10:: | definition=grope or feel in search of something | examples=He felt for his wallet
9. sense_key=feel%2:35:00:: | definition=examine by touch | synonyms=finger | examples=Feel this soft cloth!; The customer fingered the sweater
10. sense_key=feel%2:35:01:: | definition=examine (a body part) by palpation | synonyms=palpate | examples=The nurse palpated the patient's stomach; The runner felt her pulse
11. sense_key=feel%2:40:00:: | definition=find by testing or cautious exploration | examples=He felt his way around the dark room
12. sense_key=feel%2:39:09:: | definition=produce a certain impression | examples=It feels nice to be home again
13. sense_key=feel%2:35:11:: | definition=pass one's hands over the sexual organs of | examples=He felt the girl in the movie theater

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar."
    *   Subject: C.J.B. Marshall (a person, a vicar).
    *   Verb: "feels" (target word).
    *   Object/Complement clause: "the fault is in the stairs..."
    *   Meaning: The vicar holds an opinion or belief about the location of the fault. He is judging the situation based on observation or intuition, not necessarily hard proof (though observation is mentioned), and definitely not physical touch.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: undergo an emotional sensation...* (examples: She felt resentful).
        *   Does the vicar undergo an emotion like resentful? No, he holds a thought.

    *   *Sense 2: come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds* (synonyms: find | examples: I feel that he doesn't like me).
        *   This fits very well. The sentence structure "feels [that] the fault is..." matches the example "I feel that he doesn't like me". It expresses an opinion or a judgment.

    *   *Sense 3: perceive by a physical sensation...* (examples: He felt the wind).
        *   Is he touching the fault? No. Is he using his skin/muscles? No.

    *   *Sense 4: be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state* (examples: I feel fine today).
        *   Is he describing his own state of being? No, he is describing an external situation (the location of the fault).

    *   *Sense 5: have a feeling or perception about oneself...* (examples: She felt small).
        *   Is he describing how he views himself? No.

    *   *Sense 6: undergo passive experience of...* (examples: We felt the effects of inflation).
        *   Is he undergoing the fault? Not really in the sense of passively experiencing an external force. He is attributing the cause.

    *   *Sense 7: be felt or perceived in a certain way...* (examples: The ground feels shaky).
        *   This is a linking verb usage where the subject is an object. Here the subject is a person. Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 8: grope or feel in search of something...*
        *   Physical action. Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 9: examine by touch...*
        *   Physical action. Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 10: examine (a body part)...*
        *   Medical context. Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 11: find by testing or cautious exploration...*
        *   Physical navigation. Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 12: produce a certain impression...*
        *   Subject is usually an object/event (It feels nice). Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 13: pass one's hands over the sexual organs...*
        *   Completely irrelevant.

3.  **Select the best match:**
    *   Sense 2 defines "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds".
    *   The vicar is expressing an opinion or belief ("the fault is in the stairs").
    *   The example "I feel that he doesn't like me" is structurally and semantically parallel to "feels [that] the fault is in the stairs".

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object with `sense_index`.
    *   The index for Sense 2 is 2 (assuming 1-based indexing based on the list provided).
    *   Let's double-check the list indexing.
        1. sense_key=feel%2:37:00:: ...
        2. sense_key=feel%2:31:00:: ... (Target match)
    *   The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

    *   Therefore, the result should be {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fault
Target surface form: fault
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the <t>fault</t> is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fault%1:04:00:: | definition=a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention | synonyms=mistake, error | examples=he made a bad mistake; she was quick to point out my errors
2. sense_key=fault%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=defect, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
3. sense_key=fault%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being inadequate or falling short of perfection | synonyms=demerit | examples=they discussed the merits and demerits of her novel; he knew his own faults much better than she did
4. sense_key=fault%1:17:00:: | definition=(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other | synonyms=faulting, geological fault, shift, fracture, break | examples=they built it right over a geological fault; he studied the faulting of the earth's crust
5. sense_key=fault%1:11:00:: | definition=(electronics) equipment failure attributable to some defect in a circuit (loose connection or insulation failure or short circuit etc.) | examples=it took much longer to find the fault than to fix it
6. sense_key=fault%1:07:01:: | definition=responsibility for a bad situation or event | examples=it was John's fault
7. sense_key=fault%1:04:01:: | definition=(sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area) | examples=he served too many double faults

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The text discusses bell-ringers in churches. Specifically, it mentions a dispute at St. Mary's Church where the bells have fallen silent. C.J.B. Marshall, a vicar, is giving his opinion on the cause of the problem (specifically, the "dust-up over church attendance" or the logistical issue of the ringers walking through the service). He says, "C.J.B. Marshall... feels the fault is in the stairs...". He is identifying the cause of the disruption or the reason for the conflict. He claims the layout (the stairs) is the problem, not necessarily the people's behavior or attendance. The phrase "feels the fault is in the stairs" implies identifying the source of the problem or the responsibility for the situation.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (mistake/error):** "a wrong action attributable to bad judgment...".
        *   *Context check:* Is the stairs making a "mistake"? No. Is the vicar saying the stairs made an error? No. He's identifying a flaw or the cause of the problem.

    *   **Sense 2 (defect/flaw):** "an imperfection in an object or machine".
        *   *Context check:* "The fault is in the stairs". Stairs are an object/structure. The location of the stairs is an imperfection in the design or layout causing disruption ("crunch, crunch, crunch... making a very obvious exit"). This fits very well. The stairs have a design flaw relative to the church's function.

    *   **Sense 3 (inadequacy/demerit):** "the quality of being inadequate...".
        *   *Context check:* This usually refers to a person's character or a trait. "He knew his own faults". While the stairs might be inadequate, Sense 2 is more specific to an object/machine/structure. Sense 3 is abstract.

    *   **Sense 4 (geological fault):** "a crack in the earth's crust".
        *   *Context check:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5 (electronics fault):** "equipment failure... in a circuit".
        *   *Context check:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6 (responsibility):** "responsibility for a bad situation or event".
        *   *Context check:* "It was John's fault". This is a strong contender. The vicar is assigning "blame" or cause for the bad situation (the disruption/silence of bells). However, look at the phrasing: "the fault is *in* the stairs". Usually, with Sense 6, we say "it is X's fault" or "the fault lies with X". When we say "the fault is *in* [an object]", it strongly suggests a defect/flaw (Sense 2). If he meant Sense 6, he might say "the stairs are at fault". But saying the fault *is in* the stairs treats the fault as a property of the stairs (a defect).

    *   **Sense 7 (sports fault):** Illegal serve.
        *   *Context check:* Irrelevant.

3.  **Refine the choice between Sense 2 and Sense 6:**

    *   Sense 2: Defect/Flaw. Example: "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter".
        Context: The stairs are located next to the altar. This causes a disturbance. Therefore, the location/design of the stairs is a defect/flaw. The sentence "the fault is in the stairs" means the stairs contain the flaw/defect.

    *   Sense 6: Responsibility.
        Context: Who is to blame? Is the vicar blaming the stairs (personification)? Or is he identifying a structural defect? The sentence structure "the fault is in the stairs" parallels "a flaw caused..." or "the fault is in the wiring" (Sense 5, but analogically Sense 2). If I say "the fault is in the brakes," I mean there is a defect in the brakes. If I say "the fault is in the stairs," I mean there is a defect in the stairs (their location).

    Let's look at the WordNet examples again.
    Sense 2: "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter", "if there are any defects..."
    Sense 6: "it was John's fault".

    The prepositional phrase "in the stairs" strongly favors Sense 2. "Fault" here refers to the structural imperfection (the bad placement of the stairs). The "dust-up" happened because of this imperfection.

    However, one could argue he is assigning responsibility (Sense 6). But usually, responsibility is assigned to an agent or a person. Stairs are inanimate. You assign "blame" (Sense 6) to an inanimate object only metaphorically. But you identify "defects" (Sense 2) in inanimate objects literally.

    Let's look at the "feel" of the sentence. Marshall feels the *cause* of the issue is the stairs. Is the "cause" a "mistake" (Sense 1), a "defect" (Sense 2), or "responsibility" (Sense 6)?
    If the stairs are built in a bad place, that is a defect in the building design.
    Sense 2 seems the most literal and accurate interpretation for an object (stairs).

    Let's check Sense 1 again. Could it be a "wrong action"? No, the stairs didn't act.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 6. "Responsibility for a bad situation". The stairs are responsible? That's a stretch. The *design* might be responsible, or the architect. But the sentence says "the fault is *in* the stairs".

    Let's look at Sense 3 again. "Quality of being inadequate...". He knew his own faults. This is about personal shortcomings.

    Conclusion: The stairs are an object/structure. The "fault" is their location/design which disrupts the service. This is a "defect" or "flaw". Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    Wait, let's reconsider the wider context. The bells fell silent due to a "dust-up over church attendance". Marshall is offering an alternative explanation. He feels the disruption (ringers walking through the service) is the real problem. He locates the "fault" in the stairs.
    Does "fault" mean "the source of the problem"?
    WordNet Sense 2 definition: "an imperfection in an object or machine". Synonyms: defect, flaw.
    The stairs being next to the altar is an imperfection in the church layout. It causes a disturbance.

    Let's consider if there's a sense mapping issue. Often "fault" in "it's X's fault" is Sense 6. But "a fault in the X" is usually Sense 2 (defect) or Sense 5 (electronics). Since stairs are not electronics, Sense 2 (object) is the correct category.

    Let's double check Sense 1. "a wrong action...". Sometimes people use "fault" to mean "mistake" in a non-action way? No, examples are "bad mistake", "errors".

    Let's double check Sense 6. "responsibility for a bad situation". If I say "the fault lies in the stars", is that Sense 6 or Sense 2? Usually metaphorical. Here, the stairs are literal. The stairs have a flaw (bad location).

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the intended sense. It refers to a flaw in the design/placement of the stairs.

    Index:
    1: mistake
    2: defect/flaw
    3: demerit
    4: geological
    5: electronics
    6: responsibility
    7: sports

    Selection: Sense 2.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: next
Target surface form: next
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located <t>next</t> to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00 | definition=immediately following in time or order | synonyms=following | examples=the following day; next in line
2. sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01 | definition=nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space | synonyms=adjacent, side by side | examples=had adjacent rooms; in the next room
3. sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=future, succeeding | examples=our next president

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target:** "next"
    *   **Context:** "...fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located <t>next</t> to the altar."
    *   **Sentence:** "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar."
    *   **Meaning in context:** The stairs are physically situated beside or adjacent to the altar. It describes spatial proximity and positioning.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "immediately following in time or order". Synonyms: "following". Examples: "the following day", "next in line".
        *   *Evaluation:* This refers to time or sequence. The context is spatial (location of stairs). This doesn't fit.
    *   **Sense 2:** "nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space". Synonyms: "adjacent", "side by side". Examples: "had adjacent rooms", "in the next room".
        *   *Evaluation:* This refers to space or position. The stairs are located "next to" the altar, meaning they are adjacent or beside it. This fits perfectly.
    *   **Sense 3:** "(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving". Synonyms: "future", "succeeding". Examples: "our next president".
        *   *Evaluation:* This is specific to political/organizational office succession. The context is about physical architecture. This does not fit.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 2 is the correct spatial definition.

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Since I selected Sense 2, the index is 2.

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Context: "located next to the altar".
    *   Definition 2: "nearest in space or position".
    *   Match confirmed.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: altar
Target surface form: altar
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the <t>altar</t>. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=altar%1:06:01:: | definition=the table in Christian churches where communion is given | synonyms=communion table, Lord's table
2. sense_key=altar%1:06:00:: | definition=a raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The target word is "altar" in the context of a church setting. Let me analyze:

The context is about St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, and discusses church bells, ringers, a vicar, and a congregation at prayer. The stairs from the bell tower are located next to the altar, and ringers are walking past while the congregation is at prayer.

This is clearly a Christian church context - we have:
- St. Mary's Church
- A vicar (Christian clergy)
- A congregation at prayer

Now comparing the two senses:

1. "the table in Christian churches where communion is given" - This is specifically about Christian churches and communion
2. "a raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made" - This is a more general definition that could apply to any religion

Given the context is explicitly a Christian church (St. Mary's Church, with a vicar, congregation at prayer), sense 1 is more appropriate. The first sense specifically mentions "Christian churches" which matches this context perfectly.

The answer should be sense 1.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: altar
Target surface form: altar
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the <t>altar</t>. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=altar%1:06:01:: | definition=the table in Christian churches where communion is given | synonyms=communion table, Lord's table
2. sense_key=altar%1:06:00:: | definition=a raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target lemma is "altar" (noun). The context is about a church (St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset), a vicar, a congregation, and prayer.
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "At St. Mary's Church..."
    *   "...the congregation is at prayer..."
    *   "...stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the [altar]..."
    *   The setting is clearly a Christian church service or environment where people are praying.
3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `altar%1:06:01::` | definition="the table in Christian churches where communion is given" | synonyms="communion table, Lord's table".
    *   Sense 2: `altar%1:06:00::` | definition="a raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made".
4.  **Compare Senses to Context:**
    *   Sense 2 is the hypernym or more general definition (often used for ancient religions, pagan rituals, or general theological discussions). While technically true that a Christian altar is a raised structure for sacrifices (metaphorically or literally in some denominations), Sense 1 is the specific hyponym for Christian churches.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions "Christian churches" and "communion". The context mentions "St. Mary's Church", "Vicar", and "congregation", which are specifically Christian markers.
    *   In a church (St. Mary's), the "altar" refers to the specific piece of furniture where the Eucharist/Communion takes place. The general definition (Sense 2) applies, but the specific definition (Sense 1) is the intended meaning in this specific religious setting. WordNet WSD usually prefers the most specific sense that fits the context.
    *   The presence of a "vicar" (Anglican/Church of England term) reinforces the Christian context. In Anglican churches, the altar (or communion table) is the focal point.
5.  **Select the Best Sense:** Sense 1 is the specific Christian sense, which matches the context of "St. Mary's Church", "Vicar", and "congregation".
6.  **Format Output:** The user wants JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: So
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "<t>So</t> crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "So" in this passage.

The context shows:
"So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

Let me understand what's happening:
- There's a discussion about bell ringers and churches
- Vicar Marshall is describing what happens when ringers exit
- "So" is used to introduce a description of what follows: the sound and action of ringers coming down

Looking at the sentence structure:
"So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above..."

This "So" appears to be functioning as a discourse marker or sentence connector that introduces a consequence or conclusion. It's showing what happens as a result of the stairs being located next to the altar - the ringers have to walk through during prayer.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
- This would be for intensifier usage like "so obvious" or "so happy" - not applicable here.

2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
- This is for "so [that]" constructions showing purpose - not applicable here.

3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
- This is for "so" meaning "in that way" or "in that condition" - not applicable here.

4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
- This is for limiting degree - not applicable here.

5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
- This is for "so" meaning "also" or "likewise" - not applicable here.

6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
- This is for "so" meaning "in this manner" - This could potentially work if "So" is introducing how things proceed.

7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
- This is for degree constructions with "that" - not applicable here.

8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
- This is for temporal sequencing - could partially fit but doesn't quite capture the explanatory/consequential nature.

9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
- This is for introducing a logical conclusion or result. The "So" here is introducing what happens as a result of the stairs being next to the altar - the noisy exit of ringers.

10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed
- This is for emphatic "so/indeed" - not applicable here.

Looking at the discourse function: Vicar Marshall is explaining the situation - the stairs are next to the altar, "So" (therefore/consequently) this leads to the noisy crunching and banging as ringers exit during prayer.

This seems to be sense 9 (sense_key=so%4:02:10::) - used to introduce a logical conclusion or result. The "So" is functioning like "therefore" or "thus" to show what follows from the previously stated fact about the stairs' location.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 6 as well. "In the way indicated" with synonyms "thus, thusly" - could this work? The example "set up the pieces thus" suggests showing how something is done. But in this context, "So" is more about showing the consequence/result, not just the manner.

Sense 9 seems most appropriate: "(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result" with synonyms "therefore, hence, thence, thus."

The sentence could be paraphrased as: "Therefore/Thus crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above..."

This makes sense - because of where the stairs are located, the ringers have to exit noisily during prayer.

I'll go with sense 9.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- <t>here</t> come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "here" in the context: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above..."

Let me analyze the four candidate senses:

1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here

2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree

3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please

4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Now let me look at the context more carefully:
"So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

The speaker is describing a scene where the bell ringers are coming down from the bell tower. The phrase "here come the ringers from above" is describing the action happening at this moment - the ringers are arriving/coming into view.

This is similar to expressions like "Here comes the bus" or "Here comes trouble" - it's used to draw attention to someone or something that is approaching or appearing in the present moment.

Let me reconsider:
- Sense 1 is about location (in or at this place)
- Sense 3 is about direction (to this place, toward the speaker)
- Sense 4 is about time (at this time, now)

The phrase "here come(s) X" is a common English expression used to announce someone or something that is approaching. In this usage, "here" functions more like a temporal marker - it's saying "at this moment, the ringers are coming."

However, there's also a sense in which "here" in "here comes X" marks the arrival at the location where the speaker is (or where the speaker is imagining themselves to be in the narrative).

Let me think about this more carefully. In "Here comes the bus," the bus is coming toward the location where the speaker is standing. So there's a directional/movement aspect (sense 3 - to this place, toward the speaker).

But "here come the ringers from above" - the ringers are descending from the bell tower. The speaker is describing the scene. The ringers are coming into view/arriving at the present moment.

Actually, I think this fits sense 3 best - "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" with the synonym "hither." The example "come here, please" is similar to "here come the ringers" - both involve movement toward a location.

Wait, let me reconsider. "Here comes X" is a fixed expression in English. In this construction, "here" is not really functioning as a directional adverb in the same way as "come here." Instead, it's more of a presentational or temporal marker - it announces that something is happening now.

In the sentence "here come the ringers from above," the ringers are coming down from above. The "here" draws attention to the present moment - "at this point in the narrative, the ringers appear."

Hmm, but sense 4 says "at this time; now" with examples like "we'll adjourn here for lunch" - that's about stopping at a point in a process. That's not quite the same usage.

Let me look at this again:
- "Here comes the bus" - the bus is coming toward us/into view
- "Here come the ringers from above" - the ringers are coming into view/appearing

I think there's a blend of temporal and spatial meaning here. The primary sense in "here comes X" is often considered to be the deictic spatial sense - pointing to the location (here, where we are) toward which something is moving.

But wait - the ringers aren't necessarily coming toward the speaker. They're coming "from above" (down from the bell tower). The vicar is describing a typical scene, not necessarily one where he is present.

Let me reconsider sense 4: "at this time; now" - this seems to capture the temporal aspect of "here" in narrative contexts where it marks a moment of arrival or appearance.

Actually, looking at it more carefully, I think sense 3 fits best. "Here come the ringers" is similar to "come here" in that it involves movement. The construction "here comes X" inherently involves something moving toward or into the speaker's immediate location/sphere of attention. Even though they're coming "from above," they're arriving "here" - in the location where attention is focused.

The synonym "hither" for sense 3 reinforces this - "hither" means "to this place." The example "come here, please" parallels "here come the ringers" - both involve the concept of coming to a location.

So my answer is sense 3.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: come
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here <t>come</t> the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "come" in the sentence: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

Let me analyze this context:
- The ringers (bell ringers) are coming down from the bell tower
- They're making an exit while the congregation is at prayer
- The phrase is "here come the ringers from above"
- This describes people moving/approaching

Let me look at the senses:

1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah

2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight

The context shows the ringers are descending from above, coming toward the speaker/narrator or into view. The phrase "here come the ringers" is a common construction meaning "the ringers are approaching/appearing."

This seems closest to sense 1: "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody" with examples like "He came singing down the road."

Sense 2 (reach a destination; arrive) could also work, but the emphasis here is more on the movement/approach rather than arriving at a destination. The ringers are in the process of coming down from above - they're moving toward the people below.

The construction "here come X" is a classic way of describing someone approaching or appearing, which aligns with sense 1's "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody."

I'll go with sense 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the <t>ringers</t> from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: `ringer`
    *   Surface form: `ringers` (plural noun)

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses a church band ringing bells at Great Torrington.
    *   It mentions "ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells".
    *   It discusses St. Mary's Church in Ilminster and bells falling silent.
    *   It quotes Vicar Marshall describing people coming down from the bell tower: "here come the ringers from above".
    *   The vicar is described as "an active bell-ringer himself".
    *   The context is clearly about the activity of ringing church bells.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `ringer%1:18:02::` - Definition: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)". Synonyms: `toller, bell ringer`.
        *   Match: This fits perfectly. The text mentions "ring more than six of the eight bells", "bell tower", "bell-ringer".
    *   **Sense 2:** `ringer%1:18:01::` - Definition: "a person who is almost identical to another". Synonyms: `dead ringer, clone`.
        *   Match: No mention of look-alikes or imposters of identity.
    *   **Sense 3:** `ringer%1:18:00::` - Definition: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses".
        *   Match: No competition context involving false pretenses.
    *   **Sense 4:** `ringer%1:04:00::` - Definition: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg".
        *   Match: This is a game/sport context, not a person. The target word is plural "ringers" referring to people coming down stairs ("here come the ringers").

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context is explicitly about people ringing church bells.
    *   Sense 1 defines exactly this: a person who rings church bells.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   Instruction: "Choose the single best indexed sense."
    *   Instruction: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key."
    *   Instruction: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." (where 3 is replaced by the chosen index).

    Chosen index: 1.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from <t>above</t>, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `above`
    *   Context: A paragraph about bell ringers coming down from a bell tower.
    *   Target sentence: "...here come the ringers from <t>above</t>..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `above%4:02:00::`: definition=at an earlier place; synonyms=supra; examples=see above. (Textual/discourse reference).
        2.  `above%4:02:01::`: definition=in or to a place that is higher; synonyms=higher up, in a higher place. (Spatial/Physical location).
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The context describes bell ringers exiting a bell tower.
    *   Bell towers are physically located at the top of churches.
    *   The ringers are coming *down* stairs ("here come the ringers from above").
    *   They are coming from a physical location that is higher than the altar/congregation mentioned earlier.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1 (at an earlier place):* This sense refers to something mentioned previously in a text (e.g., "as mentioned above"). The context here is physical movement, not referencing a previous sentence. This is incorrect.
    *   *Sense 2 (in or to a place that is higher):* This sense refers to physical location/position relative to something else. The bell tower is physically higher than the altar. The ringers are coming from that higher place. This fits perfectly with "here come the ringers from above".

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The physical spatial meaning is the intended one.
    *   This corresponds to Sense 2.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: making
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, <t>making</t> a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "making" in the context: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

Let me analyze this. The ringers are coming down from the bell tower, and they are "making a very obvious exit" - they are creating/causing an exit to happen, or they are performing the action of exiting in a very obvious way.

Looking at the senses:

1. "engage in" - make love, make an effort - This could fit if "making an exit" is seen as engaging in an exit.

5. "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" - "cause a commotion; make a stir" - This is about causing something to happen.

12. "to compose or represent" - "This wall forms the background" - This is about constituting something.

16. "perform or carry out" - "make a decision; make a move" - This seems relevant. "Make a move" is similar to "make an exit" - performing an action.

Let me think about "make an exit" more carefully. The phrase "make an exit" means to exit, to leave, to depart. It's a fixed expression where "make" means to perform or carry out an action.

Looking at sense 16: "perform or carry out" with examples "make a decision; make a move" - this seems to fit well. "Make an exit" is similar to "make a move" - both are about performing an action.

Sense 1: "engage in" with "make love, not war; make an effort" - This could also potentially fit, as "making an exit" could be seen as engaging in an exit, but "make an effort" is slightly different.

Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" with "cause a commotion; make a stir" - This is more about causing a commotion/stir rather than performing an action oneself.

I think sense 16 "perform or carry out" is the best fit because "make an exit" is a collocation where "make" means to perform the action of exiting, similar to "make a move" or "make a decision."

Actually, let me reconsider sense 1 more carefully. "Engage in" with examples "make love" and "make an effort" - these are about engaging in activities. "Make an exit" could be seen as engaging in the activity of exiting.

But I think sense 16 is closer because "make a move" is similar to "make an exit" - both are about performing a specific action/movement.

Let me look at the synonyms for sense 16: none listed, just "perform or carry out" as the definition.

Sense 1 has synonym "do" and definition "engage in".

I think the key difference is:
- Sense 1 "engage in" is more about participating in an ongoing activity
- Sense 16 "perform or carry out" is more about executing a specific action

"Make an exit" is about executing the specific action of leaving/exiting. So sense 16 seems more appropriate.

Let me double-check by thinking about what "make an exit" really means. It means to leave, to depart. The "making" here is the act of performing/executing the exit.

Yes, I believe sense 16 is the correct answer: "perform or carry out" with examples "make a decision; make a move".

The answer should be {"sense_index": 16}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a <t>very</t> obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word**: The target word is "very" in the phrase "a very obvious exit".
    *   Context: "...making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer..."
    *   Part of Speech: It modifies the adjective "obvious". This makes it an adverb (specifically, an adverb of degree/intensifier).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**:
        *   Definition: "used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal"
        *   Synonyms: really, real, rattling
        *   Examples: "she was very gifted", "he played very well"
        *   Analysis: This sense describes the function of "very" as an intensifier. In the example "very gifted", "very" increases the degree of "gifted". In the text "very obvious", "very" increases the degree of "obvious". This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 2**:
        *   Definition: "precisely so"
        *   Examples: "on the very next page", "he expected the very opposite"
        *   Analysis: In these examples, "very" is used as an adjective (predeterminer or adjective) emphasizing exact identity or proximity. "The very next page" means the specific/precise next page. "The very opposite" means the exact opposite. In the context "a very obvious exit", "very" is not saying "the precise obvious exit". It is intensifying the adjective "obvious". Therefore, this sense is incorrect for the context.

3.  **Compare Context with Senses**:
    *   Context: "...making a very obvious exit..."
    *   Function: Intensifying the adjective "obvious".
    *   Match: Sense 1 deals with intensifiers. Sense 2 deals with precision/exactness (often adjective usage).
    *   Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object with the index.
    *   Index: 1

    JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exit
Target surface form: exit
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious <t>exit</t> while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exit%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=issue, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
2. sense_key=exit%1:11:00:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, loss, departure, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
3. sense_key=exit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of going out

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** "exit" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence describes bell ringers coming down from the bell tower while the congregation is praying. The phrase is "making a very obvious exit".
    *   Context details: "crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above... making a very obvious exit".
    *   Meaning: The ringers are leaving the area (the bell tower/stairs) and passing through the church where people are praying. They are physically leaving a space.
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `exit%1:06:00::` | Definition: "an opening that permits escape or release" (a physical opening, a door, a hole). Synonyms: issue, outlet, way out. Examples: "he blocked the way out".
    *   Sense 2: `exit%1:11:00::` | Definition: "euphemistic expressions for death". Synonyms: passing, loss, departure. Examples: "thousands mourned his passing".
    *   Sense 3: `exit%1:04:00::` | Definition: "the act of going out". (The action itself).
4.  **Evaluate Sense 1:** Is the text referring to a hole or a door? No, the ringers are "making" an exit. One usually "uses" or "goes through" an exit (the opening), but "makes an exit" usually refers to the act of leaving or the manner of leaving. While they might be using a physical way out, the phrase "making a very obvious exit" focuses on the action/movement of leaving, not the architectural feature.
5.  **Evaluate Sense 2:** Is anyone dying? No. The ringers are just walking down stairs noisily. This is clearly not about death.
6.  **Evaluate Sense 3:** Is it the act of going out? Yes. The phrase "making an exit" is a standard idiom for leaving, often with a specific manner (in this case, "very obvious" and noisy). The definition "the act of going out" fits perfectly. The ringers are performing the action of leaving the tower/sanctuary area.
7.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 (The opening): "He blocked the exit." (Physical object).
    *   Sense 3 (The act): "He made a hasty exit." (Action).
    *   The context says "making a very obvious exit". You make an action. You don't "make" a physical opening in this context. Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

8.  **Final Decision:** Sense 3.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the <t>congregation</t> is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The target word is "congregation".
    *   The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the <t>congregation</t> is at prayer," he says.
    *   The broader context discusses a church (St. Mary's Church), a vicar, bell ringers, and church attendance.
    *   The specific phrase is "the congregation is at prayer". This implies people inside a church building engaging in a religious service.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church". Synonyms: fold, faithful.
        *   This refers to the specific body of worshippers associated with a church.
    *   **Sense 2:** "an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together". Examples: "a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph", "a great congregation of birds flew over".
        *   This is a more general sense, often used for any gathering or specifically for groups of animals/non-religious groups.
    *   **Sense 3:** "the act of congregating". Synonyms: congregating.
        *   This refers to the action/process, not the group of people.

3.  **Map context to senses:**
    *   The context mentions "the congregation is at prayer" inside a church.
    *   Sense 3 is incorrect because the sentence refers to people ("the congregation *is* at prayer"), not an act. The verb agreement (singular "is" treating the group as a collective entity, or potentially plural in other dialects, but usually singular for the body) fits a noun denoting a group, but the semantics clearly point to the group, not the action.
    *   Sense 2 is the general sense of a gathering. While a congregation in a church is technically an assemblage of people, Sense 1 is the specific religious term.
    *   Sense 1 specifically defines the group as adhering to a common faith and attending a church. The context is explicitly religious (vicar, altar, prayer, bells, church). The phrase "the congregation" in a church setting almost always maps to the specific religious definition (Sense 1).

4.  **Distinguish Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 2 examples ("congregation of children", "congregation of birds") highlight non-religious or generic usage.
    *   Sense 1 definition ("habitually attend a given church") fits the setting of "St. Mary's Church" and the discussion about "church attendance".
    *   When referring to "the congregation" in a sentence involving prayer in a church, it refers to the body of worshippers (Sense 1).

5.  **Conclusion:** The correct sense is Sense 1.

6.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prayer
Target surface form: prayer
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at <t>prayer</t>, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prayer%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving) | synonyms=supplication | examples=the priest sank to his knees in prayer
2. sense_key=prayer%1:10:02:: | definition=reverent petition to a deity | synonyms=petition, orison
3. sense_key=prayer%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, appeal | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
4. sense_key=prayer%1:10:01:: | definition=a fixed text used in praying
5. sense_key=prayer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who prays to God | synonyms=supplicant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at <t>prayer</t>, "he says.
    *   The subject is "the congregation".
    *   The phrase is "at prayer".
    *   The setting is a church service or a time of worship.
    *   The action is "communicating with a deity" or engaging in the act of praying.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "the act of communicating with a deity..." (synonyms: supplication). This refers to the *act* or process.
    *   *Sense 2:* "reverent petition to a deity" (synonyms: petition, orison). This usually refers to the specific content or a specific instance of asking, though often used interchangeably with the act. However, "at prayer" suggests a state or activity, not just a specific petition text.
    *   *Sense 3:* "earnest or urgent request" (synonyms: entreaty, appeal). This is a secular sense (e.g., "a prayer for help" in a non-religious context). Not applicable here.
    *   *Sense 4:* "a fixed text used in praying". This refers to a specific written prayer (like the Lord's Prayer). "At prayer" implies the activity, not the text itself.
    *   *Sense 5:* "someone who prays to God" (synonyms: supplicant). This refers to a person. The target is used as a noun denoting an activity/state in "at prayer", not a person.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *act* of communicating.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *petition* (content/intent).
    *   The phrase "at prayer" describes the state or activity the congregation is engaged in. It matches the example provided for Sense 1 ("the priest sank to his knees in prayer"), which describes the activity/context of praying.
    *   Sense 1 is the general activity/act. Sense 2 is more specific to the request itself. While the congregation is making petitions, the phrase "at prayer" describes the mode of worship/activity.
    *   WordNet 3.0 often distinguishes between the act (Sense 1) and the specific petition (Sense 2).
    *   Looking at the definitions again:
        *   Sense 1: "the act of communicating..."
        *   Sense 2: "reverent petition..."
    *   The context "the congregation is at prayer" describes them performing the act. It fits best with the definition of the activity.
    *   Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "the priest sank to his knees in prayer". This is very similar to "the congregation is at prayer". Both describe the context of the activity.
    *   Sense 2 examples usually involve "saying a prayer" (the specific utterance).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit for the phrase "at prayer" which denotes the state/act.

4.  **Select the best indexed sense:**
    *   Index 1 corresponds to "the act of communicating with a deity".

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Is it a person? No (not Sense 5).
    *   Is it a fixed text? No (not Sense 4).
    *   Is it a secular request? No (not Sense 3).
    *   Is it the act or the petition? "At prayer" describes the act/state. Sense 1 defines "the act". Sense 2 defines "reverent petition". While a petition is involved, the usage "at [noun]" usually denotes the state of performing the activity defined by the noun (e.g., at work, at play, at rest). Therefore, the definition emphasizing the *act* (Sense 1) is superior to the definition emphasizing the *petition* (Sense 2).

    Result: Sense 1.