[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to."
    *   Target phrase: "know how to".
    *   The context discusses the ability to perform specific tasks: teaching children to read, write, and reckon.
    *   The phrase "know how to" is explicitly used. The speaker says we *do* possess the ability/method to teach these things.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: know%2:31:01::* "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information..." Example: "I know that the President lied..." -> This is propositional knowledge (knowing *that*).
    *   *Sense 2: know%2:31:03::* "know how to do or perform something". Example: "She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?" -> This is procedural knowledge (knowing *how*).
    *   *Sense 3: know%2:31:02::* "be aware of the truth of something...". Example: "I know that I left the key..." -> Similar to sense 1, propositional/conviction.
    *   *Sense 4: know%2:31:00::* "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object". Example: "Do you know my sister?" -> Acquaintance knowledge.
    *   *Sense 5: know%2:31:04::* "have firsthand knowledge of states...". Example: "I know the feeling!" -> Experiential knowledge.
    *   *Sense 6: know%2:31:06::* "accept (someone) to be what is claimed...". Example: "The Crown Prince was acknowledged..." -> Recognition/Authority.
    *   *Sense 7: know%2:31:15::* "have fixed in the mind". Example: "I know Latin". -> Memorized knowledge/skill mastery (close, but specific to mental retention).
    *   *Sense 8: know%2:31:35::* "have sexual intercourse with". -> Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 9: know%2:31:11::* "know the nature or character of". -> Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 10: know%2:31:12::* "be able to distinguish...". -> Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 11: know%2:31:14::* "perceive as familiar". -> Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Context to Best Matches:**
    *   The context explicitly uses the construction "know how to" (implied in the first instance, explicit in the continuation "because we do [know how to]").
    *   Sense 1 is about facts. While one can know the fact of *how* to teach, the phrasing "know how to" is the classic marker for Sense 2 in WordNet.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "know how to do or perform something". The examples provided for Sense 2 are "She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?".
    *   The sentence context "we do not know how to [teach...]" aligns perfectly with Sense 2. It refers to the possession of a skill or method.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The context "know how to" maps directly to Sense 2's definition and examples.
    *   Index 2 is the correct choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not <t>want</t> to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "It's that we do not *want* to."
    *   Preceding context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? ... It's not that we do not know how to..."
    *   Following context: "...And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."
    *   Core meaning: The speaker is talking about a lack of volition or desire on the part of "we" (society/educators) to perform the action (teaching children). It is an internal state of not wishing to do something.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `want%2:37:00::` | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room.
        *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. The context "we do not want to [teach...]" implies a lack of desire or volition. The example "I want to go home now" mirrors the syntax "want to [verb]". The synonym "desire" matches the internal state described.

    *   **Sense 2:** `want%2:34:00::` | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to necessity or requirement. "We do not need to" is a possible grammatical construction, but the context distinguishes between ability ("know how to") and will ("want to"). The following sentence explains the motivation/beliefs, which points to desire/refusal rather than lack of necessity.

    *   **Sense 3:** `want%2:35:00::` | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI...
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to police hunting or seeking someone. Doesn't fit the context of educating children.

    *   **Sense 4:** `want%2:31:01::` | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to requesting someone's presence or demanding something. The context is about performing an action (teaching), not summoning a person.

    *   **Sense 5:** `want%2:42:01::` | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the transitive sense meaning "to lack something." While one could say "we want the will," the text says "we do not want *to*," followed by an infinitive verb. This construction ("want to") almost exclusively maps to the desire/volition sense (Sense 1).

3.  **Synthesize and Select:**
    *   The construction "want to [verb]" corresponds to Sense 1 (desire).
    *   The contrast is between ability ("know how") and volition ("want").
    *   Sense 1's examples ("I want to go home now") align structurally with the target ("we do not want to").

4.  **Final Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "reason"
    *   Target surface form: "reason"
    *   Context snippet: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish..."
    *   Syntactic frame: "the reason [clause] is that [explanation]". This is a classic explanatory structure.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `reason%1:16:00::` | definition: "a rational motive for a belief or action" | synonyms: "ground" | examples: "the reason that war was declared".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on the *motive*—the internal drive or justification for an action/belief. In the context, is "we do not want to" an action requiring a motive? Yes. Is it explaining *why* a decision was made or a state exists? It's close.

    *   **Sense 2:** `reason%1:10:01::` | definition: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" | examples: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that..."
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on causal explanation for a *phenomenon* or state of affairs. The example "the reason a steady state was never reached..." parallels the context structure "the reason we do not want to is that...". "We do not want to" is the state/phenomenon being explained. The text provides a causal explanation ("effective education would require us to..."). This fits very well with the "cause/effect" or "explanation" aspect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `reason%1:09:00::` | definition: "the capacity for rational thought..." | synonyms: "understanding, intellect".
        *   *Analysis:* Abstract noun. "Endowed with reason". Clearly not the meaning here.

    *   **Sense 4:** `reason%1:26:00::` | definition: "the state of having good sense..." | synonyms: "rationality".
        *   *Analysis:* Abstract noun. "Rely on reason". Not the meaning here.

    *   **Sense 5:** `reason%1:10:00::` | definition: "a justification for something existing or happening" | synonyms: "cause, grounds".
        *   *Analysis:* This overlaps with Sense 1 and 2. It emphasizes "justification" or "cause".

    *   **Sense 6:** `reason%1:09:01::` | definition: "a fact that logically justifies some premise..." | examples: "there is reason to believe...".
        *   *Analysis:* This is more about evidence for a conclusion (epistemic). Not the primary meaning here.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2 (the primary contenders):**

    *   Context: "the reason we do not want to is that..."
    *   The sentence explains the *cause* of the lack of desire/will ("we do not want to"). It explains a state of affairs.
    *   Sense 1 ("rational motive") usually implies a conscious driver for a specific deliberate action (e.g., "My reason for going to the store was to buy milk").
    *   Sense 2 ("explanation of the cause of some phenomenon") is often used when explaining why a situation exists or why something happens, often with the structure "The reason X happened/is the case is Y".
    *   Let's look at the specific example for Sense 2: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that..." This mirrors the grammatical structure in the text: "the reason we do not want to is that..."
    *   Sense 1 example: "the reason that war was declared". This is an action.
    *   In the text, "we do not want to" is a state or condition (lack of desire).
    *   Is there a distinction in WordNet regarding `reason%1:16:00` (motive) vs `reason%1:10:01` (explanation of cause)?
        *   `1:16:00` (motive) is often internal/psychological.
        *   `1:10:01` (cause) is often external/mechanistic or factual.
    *   The text says the *reason* is "that effective education would require us to relinquish... beliefs". This is an explanation of the cause of the lack of desire.
    *   However, looking closely at WordNet 3.1 (or similar versions typically used):
        *   Sense 1 (`reason%1:16:00`): "a rational motive for a belief or action". Synonyms: ground.
        *   Sense 2 (`reason%1:10:01`): "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
    *   "We do not want to" describes a phenomenon/state (the lack of will to educate). The explanation follows.
    *   Often, "reason for X" where X is an action fits Sense 1. "Reason why X happened" fits Sense 2.
    *   Here, "reason we do not want to" (reason why we don't want to).
    *   Let's compare the nuances. "Reason" here is essentially "explanation".
    *   Is "we do not want to" an "action"? No, it's a state of volition (or lack thereof).
    *   Sense 2 is defined as "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon". "We do not want to" is a phenomenon (a state of affairs). The example "the reason a steady state was never reached" fits this pattern perfectly.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 seems stronger than Sense 1 because Sense 1 emphasizes *motive* for a *belief or action*. While "not wanting" is related to motive, the usage here is explaining the *cause* of that state. The structure "The reason X is Y" is the classic schema for Sense 2 (explanatory).

    *   Wait, let's check Sense 5 (`reason%1:10:00`): "a justification for something existing or happening".
        *   Synonyms: "cause, grounds".
        *   This is very similar to Sense 2. What is the difference?
        *   Sense 2 (`1:10:01`) specifically mentions "explanation of the cause".
        *   Sense 5 (`1:10:00`) mentions "justification".
        *   Usually, Sense 5 is used in contexts like "He had good reason to..." (justification/entitlement).
        *   The example for Sense 5 is "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice". These are idioms/collocations involving "reason to [verb]".
        *   The text has "reason we do not want to". This is "reason [clause]". It is not "reason to [verb]" in the sense of justification/entitlement. It is "reason why".
        *   Therefore, Sense 5 is unlikely.

    *   Back to Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "a rational motive". "The reason we do not want to" could be a motive. But motives are usually for actions. "Not wanting to" is the state being explained.
        *   Sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
        *   The structure "The reason [phenomenon] is that [cause]" is the exact structure of the target sentence. The phenomenon is "we do not want to". The cause is the requirement to relinquish beliefs.
        *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 2.

    *   Let's double check the definition of `reason%1:10:01::` in standard WordNet.
        *   "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon"
        *   Example: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly"
        *   Target sentence: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to..."
        *   The match is nearly identical.

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again.
        *   "a rational motive for a belief or action"
        *   Example: "the reason that war was declared"
        *   This usually implies intent. "We do not want to" is a state of unwillingness, not an action like declaring war. The text is explaining *why* that state exists (the cause).
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.

4.  **Final verification:**
    *   Index 1: Motive for action. (Close, but "not wanting" is a state/phenomenon).
    *   Index 2: Explanation of cause of phenomenon. (Strong match with syntax and semantics).
    *   Index 3: Capacity for thought. (Wrong).
    *   Index 4: Good sense. (Wrong).
    *   Index 5: Justification for existing/happening (often "reason to..."). (Wrong usage pattern).
    *   Index 6: Fact logically justifying premise. (Wrong).

    *   Result: Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let's check the numbering.
    *   Candidate senses list:
        1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: ...
        2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: ...  <-- This is the one.
        3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: ...
        4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: ...
        5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: ...
        6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: ...

    *   The instruction asks for the "indexed sense".
    *   Sense 2 in the provided list corresponds to `reason%1:10:01::`.

    *   Is it possible it is Sense 1? "Motive for a belief or action". Is "we do not want to" a belief? No. An action? No, it's a volition/state. The text is explaining the *cause* of the failure to act ("we do not want to").
    *   Sense 2 covers "phenomenon". A state of affairs (lack of desire) is a phenomenon.
    *   The example for Sense 2 ("steady state was never reached") is a negative state/phenomenon, similar to "we do not want to".

    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *want*
    *   Target surface form: *want*
    *   Context sentence: "And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish..."
    *   Preceding context: "It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to."
    *   Core meaning needed: The subject ("we") has a volition/desire (or lack thereof, due to the negation "do not want") to perform an action ("to" - implied from previous sentence: "teach our children...").

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `want%2:37:00::`
        *   Definition: "feel or have a desire for; want strongly"
        *   Synonyms: desire
        *   Examples: "I want to go home now"; "I want my own room"
        *   Analysis: This sense fits "wanting to do something" (volition). The example "I want to go home now" aligns well with "we do not want to [teach...]". The negation "do not want to" means "do not have the desire to".

    *   **Sense 2:** `want%2:34:00::`
        *   Definition: "have need of"
        *   Synonyms: need, require
        *   Examples: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
        *   Analysis: The context is about volition/will, not necessity or requirement in the sense of needing an object or service to function properly. While effective education is "required" later in the text, the "want" here refers to the people's internal state, not an external need.

    *   **Sense 3:** `want%2:35:00::`
        *   Definition: "hunt or look for; want for a particular reason"
        *   Examples: "Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI"
        *   Analysis: This is the "wanted poster" sense. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 4:** `want%2:31:01::`
        *   Definition: "wish or demand the presence of"
        *   Examples: "I want you here at noon!"
        *   Analysis: This involves demanding someone's presence. The context is an action ("teach"), not summoning a person.

    *   **Sense 5:** `want%2:42:01::`
        *   Definition: "be without, lack; be deficient in"
        *   Examples: "want courtesy"; "want the strength to go on living"
        *   Analysis: This is the archaic or formal sense of "lacking" something. "We do not lack to" doesn't make sense grammatically or semantically in this context.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The sentence structure "do not want to [verb]" clearly points to volition or desire.
    *   Sense 1 is defined as "feel or have a desire for" and the example "I want to go home now" perfectly matches the syntactic frame "want to [verb]".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that <t>effective</t> education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses carefully.

The context is:
"Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that **effective** education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

In this context, "effective education" refers to education that actually achieves its intended goal - teaching children to read, write and reckon. The author is contrasting this with the current state of education, which presumably isn't achieving these goals effectively.

Let me analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods

This sense relates to producing intended results. The example "effective teaching methods" is particularly relevant to our context about "effective education." This sense emphasizes that something works well to achieve its purpose.

2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel

This sense relates more to competence or efficiency of people. It's about people being effective, not about an approach or system being effective. The context is about education as a system/approach, not about people's personal effectiveness.

3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat

This sense is about something working well as a means to an end. Education could be seen as a "means" to teach children, but this sense seems more focused on remedies or corrective actions.

4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years

This sense is about something being in effect or operative, like a law or a warranty. This doesn't match our context about education.

5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done

This sense contrasts actual/real with theoretical. While education could be seen as theoretical vs. actual, the context doesn't seem to be making this distinction.

6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

This sense relates to something being ready for use or service, which doesn't match our context.

Based on this analysis, sense 1 ("producing or capable of producing an intended result") seems most appropriate. The author is discussing education that would actually work to teach children to read, write, and reckon - education that achieves its intended results. The example "effective teaching methods" is directly relevant to our context about "effective education."

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective <t>education</t> would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "education" in the context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is discussing teaching children to read, write and reckon
- It mentions "effective education" which would require relinquishing beliefs and violating vested interests
- It mentions "educational establishment"
- The context is about the system/process of education, not the knowledge itself

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
   - This refers to the activities of teaching/instructing
   - "Effective education" here could refer to effective teaching/instruction activities
   - The context talks about the educational establishment, which suggests an institutional/systemic view

2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
   - This refers to the knowledge one has acquired
   - "Effective education" wouldn't quite fit here - you wouldn't say "effective knowledge" in this sense
   - Not the best fit

3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
   - This refers to the process of acquiring knowledge
   - "Effective education" could work here as "effective process of acquiring knowledge"
   - The context mentions the educational establishment, which could support this sense

4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
   - This refers to the profession itself
   - "Effective education" meaning "effective teaching profession" doesn't quite fit
   - The passage does mention "educational establishment" but this is more about the system than the profession

5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
   - This is about social upbringing/behavior
   - Doesn't fit the context about teaching reading, writing, reckoning

6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education
   - This is about the government department
   - Doesn't fit the context

The main contenders are senses 1 and 3.

Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill"
Sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge"

The context talks about:
- Teaching children to read, write, reckon
- "Effective education" would require certain things
- The "educational establishment"
- Parents, politicians, media

The phrase "effective education" suggests the system/process/activity of educating. The context is about the educational system/establishment and how it operates.

Sense 1 emphasizes the activities of educating/instructing - the actual teaching process
Sense 3 emphasizes the gradual process of acquiring knowledge - from the learner's perspective

Given that the context discusses the "educational establishment" and what would be required for education to be effective, this seems more aligned with sense 1 - the activities of educating/instructing. The passage is about the institutional approach to teaching children, not just the process of knowledge acquisition.

Actually, let me reconsider. The context says "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs." This is talking about education as a system/activity that we engage in, not as a process from the learner's perspective. The passage discusses what prevents us from teaching effectively - the beliefs and vested interests that interfere with educational activities.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate because:
- It encompasses the activities of educating
- The context discusses what prevents effective teaching/education
- The mention of "educational establishment" supports the institutional/activity view

Therefore, I choose sense 1 (sense_index:1).

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "require" in the given context:

Context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would **require** us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

In this context, "require" is used in the sense of "making something necessary" - effective education would necessitate or demand that we give up certain beliefs. It's about something being needed or necessary as a consequence.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work

This sense is about something being necessary or required as a consequence or condition. The example "success usually requires hard work" is very similar to the context where "effective education would require us to relinquish..." - both describe a condition or necessity that follows from something.

2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?

This sense is about imposing an obligation or expecting something from someone. The examples involve direct commands or expectations. The context is different - it's not about an authority figure imposing requirements, but about what would naturally follow or be necessary.

3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command

This is about compelling or commanding someone to do something. Again, the context isn't about a command but about a natural necessity or consequence.

4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

This is about needing something. The example "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" shows this usage. But in our context, it's not about "having need of" but about something making something else necessary.

The context "effective education would require us to relinquish..." is about a condition or consequence - effective education would make it necessary for us to relinquish beliefs. This matches sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" with synonyms like "necessitate" and "involve".

The example "success usually requires hard work" is very parallel to "effective education would require us to relinquish..." - both describe a condition or necessity that follows naturally from something.

So the best answer is sense_index:1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "relinquish" in the context:

"And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to **relinquish** some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular..."

Let me analyze the senses:

1. Sense 1: "part with a possession or right" - This is about giving up something physical or a right. The examples are about giving up a bedroom or resigning a claim to the throne. This doesn't quite fit because we're talking about beliefs, not possessions or rights.

2. Sense 2: "do without or cease to hold or adhere to" - This is about giving up ideas, beliefs, or practices. The examples include "relinquish the old ideas" which is very similar to "relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs." This seems like the best fit.

3. Sense 3: "turn away from; give up" - This is more about renouncing something (like "foreswearing women forever"). While similar, the examples are more about personal vows or habits, not beliefs.

4. Sense 4: "release, as from one's grip" - This is physical, like letting go of a door handle or rope. Definitely not applicable here.

The context is about giving up or ceasing to hold certain beliefs. Sense 2 is the best match because:
- It specifically mentions "cease to hold or adhere to" which fits "beliefs"
- The example "relinquish the old ideas" parallels "relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs"
- The synonyms "forgo, dispense with" fit the context of giving up beliefs

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** belief
    *   **Target Surface Form:** beliefs
    *   **Context:** The sentence talks about "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" and how they dominate the educational establishment. It mentions that effective education would require relinquishing these beliefs. The context suggests these are deeply held convictions, doctrines, or principles about the nature of reality (metaphysical) and human nature. They are "cherished" and "dominate" institutions, implying they are substantial cognitive frameworks rather than fleeting impressions.
    *   **Key Phrases:** "cherished metaphysical beliefs", "beliefs about human nature", "dominate our educational establishment". "Blasphemous to challenge them".

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `belief%1:09:00::` | definition="any cognitive content held as true"
        *   This is the general definition of belief as a mental state or proposition accepted as true. It covers religious doctrines, philosophical tenets, scientific facts, etc. It fits well with "metaphysical beliefs about human nature" because metaphysics deals with propositions about reality that one holds to be true. The intensity ("cherished", "blasphemous to challenge") fits within the scope of "held as true".

    *   **Sense 2:** `belief%1:09:01::` | definition="a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" | synonyms="impression, feeling, notion, opinion" | examples="his impression of her was favorable..."
        *   This sense focuses on "vague ideas", "impressions", "feelings". It's weaker. While "opinion" is listed as a synonym, the context here implies strong, systemic convictions. "Metaphysical beliefs about human nature" usually refers to structured worldviews or fundamental tenets, not just vague impressions or passing notions. You don't usually call a fundamental philosophical stance a "vague idea". "Cherished" suggests deep emotional and intellectual commitment, which contrasts with "vague".

3.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context refers to "cherished metaphysical beliefs". These are fundamental truths held by a society/institution.
    *   Sense 1 covers "any cognitive content held as true". Metaphysical tenets are definitely cognitive content held as true.
    *   Sense 2 covers "vague ideas" and synonyms like "impression" or "feeling". This is too weak and specific. Metaphysical beliefs regarding human nature are usually structured philosophical positions, not vague feelings.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "young" used in the phrase "young people" in the context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses education for children and "young people"
- It's talking about human nature of young people
- This clearly refers to people in an early period of life

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth" - synonyms: immature - examples: young people
2. "(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development" - this is about crops, not applicable
3. "suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh" - this is about appearing youthful, not about being young in age
4. "being in its early stage" - this is about things like industries, days, etc.
5. "not tried or tested by experience" - this is about being inexperienced

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. It specifically mentions "persons" and "early period of life" and the example given is literally "young people" which matches the context exactly. The context is about young people (children/adolescents/young adults) and their education, referring to their stage in life.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "people" in the context of "young people" - specifically "the human nature of young people in particular."

Let me analyze each sense:

1. **Sense 1**: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively" - Examples: "old people", "200 people in the audience"
   - This is a general sense of people as any group of humans.

2. **Sense 2**: "the body of citizens of a state or country" - Synonyms: citizenry - Examples: "the Spanish people"
   - This refers to people as citizens of a nation.

3. **Sense 3**: "members of a family line" - Examples: "his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?"
   - This refers to family/ancestors.

4. **Sense 4**: "the common people generally" - Synonyms: multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed - Examples: "separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people"
   - This refers to the masses/common people as opposed to elites.

In the context: "young people" - this refers to children/youth as a general category of human beings. The phrase "young people" is talking about the human nature of young humans/children collectively.

This matches best with **Sense 1** - "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively." The example "old people" is particularly relevant here, as "young people" is directly parallel to "old people" - both refer to an age-based subgroup of humans in general.

This is NOT sense 2 (not about citizens of a country), NOT sense 3 (not about family lineage), and NOT sense 4 (not about "the masses" or common people in the sociological sense).

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target is "violate" (verb).
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "...effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs... as well as to **violate** some cherished vested interests."
    *   Key phrase: "violate some cherished vested interests".
    *   Meaning in context: The sentence argues that providing effective education would require acting against or harming "vested interests" (special privileges or established groups with power).
    *   The action is directed at "vested interests". "Interests" here refers to rights, claims, or advantages held by a specific group. To "violate" these interests implies acting contrary to them, infringing upon them, or disregarding the protections/benefits they currently enjoy.
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns`. Synonyms: `go against, break`.
        *   *Analysis:* This usually applies to rules, laws, patterns, or abstract constraints. "Vested interests" aren't quite rules or patterns, though one can go against them. It's a possibility, but usually, "vested interests" are things people *hold* or *possess* (rights/claims), and violating them is often framed as an infringement.

    *   **Sense 2:** `act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises`. Synonyms: `transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break`.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on "disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises". Vested interests are often legally or contractually based, or at least established norms. To "violate vested interests" is to act in disregard of the established order or claims that those interests represent. The synonyms "infract" or "go against" fit well here. The phrase "violate ... vested interests" implies acting contrary to established agreements or expectations. This seems like a strong candidate. The definition mentions "contracts" and "promises", which are closer to "interests" (rights/claims) than "patterns" (Sense 1).

    *   **Sense 3:** `destroy`. Examples: "Don't violate my garden".
        *   *Analysis:* This is about physical destruction or damaging. While violating interests might "damage" them, the core meaning isn't physical destruction. "Violate vested interests" doesn't mean to destroy them physically, but to transgress against them.

    *   **Sense 4:** `violate the sacred character of a place or language`. Synonyms: `desecrate, profane`.
        *   *Analysis:* Religious or sacred context. Not applicable to "vested interests".

    *   **Sense 5:** `force (someone) to have sex against their will`.
        *   *Analysis:* Sexual assault. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6:** `destroy and strip of its possession`. Synonyms: `rape, spoil, despoil, plunder`.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to plundering or spoiling a place (like a country). While "vested interests" are possessions/advantages, the verb here is about stripping a place of possessions, not violating an abstract claim.

    *   **Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
        *   Sense 1: "fail to agree with ... rules or patterns". Example: "This sentence violates the rules of syntax". This is very abstract/structural.
        *   Sense 2: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts...". Example: "violate the basic laws or human civilization".
        *   The object "vested interests" refers to claims, rights, or advantages. Violating an interest usually means infringing upon it or breaching the protection it enjoys. Sense 2 feels closer because "interests" function like "contracts" or established "rules" of the game in a societal structure. To violate an interest is to transgress against the right or advantage held by someone.
        *   Let's look at standard usage. "Violate the law" (Sense 2). "Violate a rule" (Sense 2 or 1). "Violate vested interests". Vested interests are rights/claims. Infringing on rights is often Sense 2 ("act in disregard of...").
        *   Sense 1 is often used for things like "This violates the constitution" (structural) or "This violates the pattern". However, WordNet often distinguishes "fail to agree with" (Sense 1) vs "act in disregard of" (Sense 2). "Vested interests" are something people *have*. To violate them is to act against them.
        *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 2: `transgress, offend, infract`. These fit the context of stepping on someone's toes/rights (interests) very well.
        *   Looking at the definition of Sense 2: "act in disregard of ... contracts". Vested interests are often contractual or legal claims.
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. "fail to agree with". While one might say "This action violates my interests" (doesn't agree with/suit them), the active sense of "acting in disregard" (Sense 2) seems more appropriate for the human action described ("require us to... violate...").
        *   Also, check the hypernym hierarchy or specific definitions in WordNet.
            *   Sense 1 (`violate%2:42:00`) is often for linguistic or logical rules (syntax, principles).
            *   Sense 2 (`violate%2:41:00`) is the general social/legal transgression.
        *   "Vested interests" are usually social, economic, or legal constructs. Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct category.

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 is about patterns/syntax/abstract agreement.
    *   Sense 2 is about laws/rules/contracts (social/legal violation).
    *   "Vested interests" fall under the domain of social/legal claims.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma**: The target lemma is "belief", and the target surface form is "beliefs" (plural). It appears in the phrase "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature".

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The sentence discusses "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people".
    *   These beliefs "dominate our educational establishment... that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
    *   They are contrasted with "effective education" and "vested interests".
    *   The context implies firm convictions, doctrines, or accepted truths (within a specific group) regarding the nature of humanity. They are "cherished," suggesting deep holding, and "metaphysical," suggesting a philosophical or fundamental nature.

3.  **Analyze Sense 1**:
    *   Sense key: `belief%1:09:00::`
    *   Definition: "any cognitive content held as true"
    *   This is the general, hypernymic sense. It covers religious beliefs, political beliefs, scientific beliefs, etc. It refers to the mental state of accepting something as true or the content of that acceptance.
    *   "Metaphysical beliefs" refers to a set of propositions or doctrines regarding reality/human nature that are held as true by the establishment. This fits the definition of cognitive content held as true.

4.  **Analyze Sense 2**:
    *   Sense key: `belief%1:09:01::`
    *   Definition: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed"
    *   Synonyms: impression, feeling, notion, opinion.
    *   Examples: "his impression of her was favorable", "what are your feelings about the crisis?"
    *   This sense emphasizes vagueness, subjectivity, and tentative confidence (impression/feeling). The context refers to "cherished metaphysical beliefs" that dominate an establishment and are considered blasphemous to challenge. These are not vague notions or fleeting impressions; they are core tenets or doctrines. The weight and structure implied by "metaphysical beliefs" and "educational establishment" weigh against the "vague idea" definition.

5.  **Compare and Decide**:
    *   Context: "cherished metaphysical beliefs". These are specific, held truths/doctrines about human nature.
    *   Sense 1 fits "cognitive content held as true". It captures the nature of beliefs as assertions about the world held to be true.
    *   Sense 2 implies "vague idea" or "impression". "Metaphysical beliefs" are usually structured philosophical positions, not vague impressions.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It is the standard definition of belief as a held proposition or conviction.

6.  **Format Output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The senses are indexed 1 and 2.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "so" in the context:

"These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Let me analyze this carefully.

The sentence structure is: "These beliefs so dominate X, Y, Z that..."

This is the construction "so [verb/adj] that [result clause]" - meaning to such an extent or degree that a result follows.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
   - This is about intensifying adjectives/adverbs to a great degree.

2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior
   - This is "so" meaning "in order that" - purposive.

3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so
   - This is "so" referring back to a state/condition.

4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student
   - This is about a limit.

5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he
   - This is "so" meaning "also/likewise."

6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
   - This is "so" meaning "in this manner."

7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
   - This is the "so...that" construction meaning to such an extent that a result follows.

8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward | synonyms=then, and so, and then
   - This is temporal "so."

9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus
   - This is "so" as a discourse connector meaning "therefore."

10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did
    - This is "so" meaning "indeed/truly."

The context is: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemeous to challenge them."

This is clearly a "so...that" construction where "so" indicates the extent/degree to which the beliefs dominate, and "that" introduces the result (it seems blasphemous to challenge them).

This matches sense 7: "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed" with examples "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells."

Sense 1 is similar but doesn't mention the "that" clause following. Sense 1 is more for standalone intensification without a result clause.

The key difference is:
- Sense 1: "to a very great extent or degree" - used for simple intensification like "so obvious," "so happy"
- Sense 7: "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed" - used in the "so...that" result construction

The sentence has "so dominate...that" - the so...that construction indicating degree with a result.

Therefore, sense 7 is the correct choice.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma:** The word is "educational" (adjective).

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "These beliefs so dominate our **educational** establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
    *   Phrase: "educational establishment".
    *   Meaning: The phrase refers to the system, institutions, and bureaucracy associated with education (schools, administration, policy).
    *   Collocation: "educational establishment", "educational system", "educational policy". These refer to the *field* or *process* of education, not necessarily something that is "instructive" or "providing knowledge" in a qualitative sense (like an "educational film").

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `educational%3:01:00::`
        *   Definition: "relating to the process of education"
        *   Examples: "educational psychology"
        *   Fit: This fits perfectly. "Educational establishment" is the establishment relating to the process of education. It describes the domain/sector.
    *   **Sense 2:** `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00`
        *   Definition: "providing knowledge"
        *   Examples: "an educational film"
        *   Fit: This sense is qualitative. It implies that something *teaches* you. An "educational establishment" isn't necessarily "providing knowledge" in the adjective's immediate descriptive sense (though that is its purpose). It refers to the institution belonging to the education sector. If I say "educational toys," I mean toys that teach (Sense 2). If I say "educational standards," I mean standards relating to education (Sense 1). "Educational establishment" is a structural/systemic reference.

4.  **Comparison:**
    *   Context: "educational establishment".
    *   Sense 1 (Relational): Relating to education. (e.g., educational system, educational background).
    *   Sense 2 (Qualitative/Instructive): Providing knowledge. (e.g., educational game, educational experience).
    *   "Establishment" here refers to the system/institutions. The adjective defines the *type* of establishment (one relating to education), not the *quality* of the establishment (that it provides knowledge, though one hopes it does). The primary semantic relationship is relational (pertaining to education).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

    Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
The context is about the "educational establishment", which refers to the group of people, organizations, and institutions that control education. The sentence says "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians..."
"Establishment" here refers to the group of people or organizations that hold power in a particular field. Let's look at the senses:
1. The act of forming something - incorrect, not an act.
2. An organization founded and united for a specific purpose (synonym: institution) - could be, but "educational establishment" usually implies a larger body or the ruling group.
3. The persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something (synonyms: administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization) - this matches "the establishment" or "educational establishment" as the governing/administrative body.
4. A public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment - incorrect.
5. Any large organization - could be, but the specific nuance of "establishment" as the ruling group fits better with sense 3.
Wait, in WordNet 3.0:
establishment%1:14:00:: is "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose" (institution)
establishment%1:14:01:: is "any large organization"
establishment%1:14:02:: is "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" (administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation)
In the context "educational establishment", it refers to the powerful group of people who control the educational system. This aligns best with sense 3 (administration, governing body, brass). "The educational establishment" is a collective body of administrators and authorities, similar to "the establishment" or "the brass".
Let's re-read the options.
Sense 3: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" - synonyms: administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization.
Sense 5: "any large organization"
Usually "the educational establishment" refers to the entrenched administration/governing body, which makes sense 3 a very strong fit. Also, "media", "politicians" are listed alongside "establishment", which implies groups of people running things. "Brass" as a synonym fits the idea of "the establishment" as the people in charge.
Let's check if there's a sense for "the establishment" (the ruling class). It's often mapped to sense 3 (governing body, administration). In WordNet, "establishment" (the governing class) is often merged with sense 3. Wait, actually, "the establishment" is sometimes under sense 3 or a separate sense. Here sense 3 explicitly defines it as "the persons... who make up a body for the purpose of administering something".
Therefore, sense 3 is the best choice.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "politicians" (plural noun). It refers to people who hold or seek political office.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses why education reform isn't happening (teaching children to read, write, reckon).
    *   The author argues it's a lack of will due to "cherished metaphysical beliefs" and "vested interests."
    *   The sentence mentions: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents..."
    *   Contextual role: "Politicians" are listed alongside "educational establishment" and "media" as institutions/groups dominated by specific beliefs. They are part of the public sphere and governance structure.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `politician%1:18:01::` | definition="a leader engaged in civil administration".
        *   This is a very specific, somewhat formal definition. It implies they are currently in office administering civil duties. While possible, is it the primary meaning here? The text talks about influence and beliefs dominating them.

    *   **Sense 2:** `politician%1:18:00::` | definition="a person active in party politics" | synonyms="politico, pol, political leader".
        *   This is the general, most common definition. It covers people involved in the political process, whether holding office or campaigning. It aligns well with "media" and "educational establishment" as pillars of society influenced by ideology. The phrase "our politicians" usually refers to the general class of political figures representing the people.

    *   **Sense 3:** `politician%1:18:02::` | definition="a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways".
        *   This is a secondary, metaphorical, or pejorative sense (often used in phrases like "office politician"). While the author is critical of the situation ("vested interests"), the usage here ("our politicians") refers to the actual political class in society, not necessarily calling them "schemers" in the specific definition of "office politics" or organizational maneuvering (though the author implies they are beholden to vested interests, the word itself is being used in its standard literal sense, not the idiomatic "schemer" sense found in WordNet sense 3). The context lists them alongside media and parents, indicating a social role rather than a behavioral trait of scheming.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "civil administration" (bureaucracy/governance).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on "party politics" (the profession/activity).
    *   In the context of "media, our politicians, and even our parents," the text refers to the public figures who shape policy and debate. Sense 2 is the standard, generic definition of "politician". Sense 1 is slightly more restricted to "leaders engaged in administration". WordNet usually distinguishes the "person active in party politics" (Sense 2) as the primary sense. Given the context mentions "vested interests" and "beliefs," this relates to the political arena and party politics rather than just the administrative function. Sense 2 is the best fit for the general usage here.

5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 2 is the standard definition for a person involved in politics as a profession or vocation. It fits the context of social institutions influencing education.

6.  **Formatting:** Return JSON with index 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "even" in the context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected. Examples: "even an idiot knows that", "declined even to consider the idea". In the context, "even our parents" is used to indicate something unexpected or surprising in the list of entities dominated by these beliefs. You might expect parents to be resistant to beliefs that harm their children's education, but "even" our parents are dominated by them. This fits perfectly with indicating something unexpected.
2. in spite of; notwithstanding. Examples: "even when he is sick, he works". Not the case here.
3. to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons. Examples: "felt even worse". Not a comparative here.
4. to the full extent. Examples: "loyal even unto death". Not the case here.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. "even our parents" emphasizes that it is surprising or unexpected that parents would also be dominated by these beliefs.

The requested output format is just a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses teaching children to read, write, and reckon (learn math). It talks about education, young people, human nature, and the "educational establishment." It mentions "our children" earlier.
    *   Target word: "parents".
    *   Role in sentence: "parents" are listed alongside "educational establishment," "media," and "politicians" as groups holding certain metaphysical beliefs about human nature and education.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian". This is the standard social/familial definition of a parent raising children.
    *   Sense 2: "an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained". This is the biological/scientific definition used in biology (e.g., the parent plant, parent cell).

3.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   The text discusses "teach[ing] our children," "effective education," and "young people." It explicitly links the role of parents to the context of raising and educating children within society (alongside politicians and media).
    *   Sense 2 refers to biological origins in plants/animals generally, often used in scientific contexts (genetics, cell division).
    *   Sense 1 refers to the social role of raising/nurturing children (father/mother/guardian).

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The text is clearly about the social institution of education and the human relationships involved.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It fits the context of human families and education systems perfectly.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen sense is index 1.