[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: takes
Context:
Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and <t>takes</t> about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "takes" in the context:
"A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes about three hours."

Let me analyze this. The sentence is saying that a peal (a series of 5,000 or so changes in bell-ringing) "takes" about three hours. This means the peal requires or lasts for about three hours.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. take%2:41:04:: - "carry out" - examples: take action; take steps - This doesn't fit. It's about performing actions, not about duration.

2. take%2:40:06:: - "require (time or space)" - synonyms: occupy, use up - examples: "It took three hours to get to work this morning"; "This event occupied a very short time" - This is exactly right! The context is about something (a peal) requiring/lasting about three hours.

3. take%2:38:09:: - "take somebody somewhere" - This is about leading someone physically, not applicable.

4. take%2:35:00:: - "get into one's hands, take physically" - Not applicable.

5. take%2:30:01:: - "take on a certain form" - Not applicable.

And so on for the others - they're about taking physically, leading, assuming forms, interpreting, traveling, choosing, accepting, assuming positions, etc.

Sense 2 (take%2:40:06::) with definition "require (time or space)" and the examples "It took three hours to get to work this morning" is the perfect match for "takes about three hours" in this context.

The answer is sense_index:2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes <t>about</t> three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target Word:** "about"
    *   **Surface Form:** "about"
    *   **Context Sentence:** "A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes <t>about</t> three hours."
    *   **Syntactic Role:** It modifies the noun phrase "three hours" (which acts as a duration/quantity). It functions as an adverb approximating a quantity.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `about%4:02:00::`
        *   **Definition:** (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
        *   **Synonyms:** approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less
        *   **Examples:** lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
        *   **Fit:** This definition explicitly mentions "quantities" and "imprecise". The context "takes about three hours" is a quantity of time. The example "lasted approximately an hour" is semantically identical to "takes about three hours". This seems like the perfect match.

    *   **Sense 2:** `about%4:02:06::`
        *   **Definition:** all around or on all sides
        *   **Synonyms:** around
        *   **Examples:** dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
        *   **Fit:** This refers to spatial location (surrounding). Does not fit a duration of time.

    *   **Sense 3:** `about%4:02:01::`
        *   **Definition:** in the area or vicinity
        *   **Synonyms:** around
        *   **Examples:** a few spectators standing about; hanging around
        *   **Fit:** This refers to spatial proximity. Does not fit a duration of time.

    *   **Sense 4:** `about%4:02:04::`
        *   **Definition:** used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction
        *   **Synonyms:** around
        *   **Examples:** wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
        *   **Fit:** This refers to random movement. Does not fit a duration of time.

    *   **Sense 5:** `about%4:02:02::`
        *   **Definition:** in or to a reversed position or direction
        *   **Synonyms:** around
        *   **Examples:** about face; suddenly she turned around
        *   **Fit:** This refers to rotation/reversal. Does not fit a duration of time.

    *   **Sense 6:** `about%4:02:03::`
        *   **Definition:** in rotation or succession
        *   **Examples:** turn about is fair play
        *   **Fit:** This refers to alternating actions. Does not fit a duration of time.

    *   **Sense 7:** `about%4:02:05::`
        *   **Definition:** (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but
        *   **Synonyms:** almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually
        *   **Examples:** the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep...
        *   **Fit:** This means "almost" or "nearly". While "about three hours" *could* theoretically mean "nearly three hours" (meaning slightly less), the standard interpretation of "about [number] [unit]" is approximation (could be more, could be less), not specifically "nearly" (usually implies slightly less or approaching). Sense 1 is the standard definition for numerical approximation. Sense 7 is for the completion of actions (e.g., "about done"). The context is a quantity ("three hours").

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context involves a quantity of time ("three hours").
    *   Sense 1 is defined specifically for quantities.
    *   The examples for Sense 1 match the usage in the text perfectly ("lasted approximately an hour" vs "takes about three hours").

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user requested a specific JSON format: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen sense corresponds to index 1.

    *   Sense 1: Correct.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hours
Context:
Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three <t>hours</t>. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:**
    *   Target lemma: hour
    *   Target surface form: hours
    *   Context snippet: "...A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is discussing the duration of a "peal" in change-ringing.
    *   The phrase is "takes about three hours".
    *   This refers to a specific length of time. It is quantifiable (three).
    *   It refers to the duration of an event, not a specific time of day (e.g., 3 PM) or a metaphorical "moment" or distance.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `hour%1:28:00::` | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour.
        *   *Analysis:* The definition matches the standard unit of time measurement (1/24th of a day). The example "the job will take more than an hour" parallels the context "takes about three hours" almost perfectly. Both describe duration. This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 2:** `hour%1:28:01::` | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the position on the clock (e.g., "what is the hour?", "the hour of 10"). The context says it takes "three hours," which is a duration, not a point in time. This does not fit.

    *   **Sense 3:** `hour%1:28:02::` | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour.
        *   *Analysis:* This is metaphorical or literary (e.g., Churchill's speech). The context is a literal measurement of time spent ringing bells. This does not fit.

    *   **Sense 4:** `hour%1:07:00::` | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to spatial distance expressed in time units. The context says the peal "takes" time, implying duration of the activity, not spatial distance. While one *could* say "the trip took three hours," here the focus is on the duration of the performance, fitting Sense 1 better. Sense 4 is specifically about *distance* (e.g., "an hour away"). The text says "takes about three hours" regarding the activity itself.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard temporal unit.
    *   The phrase "takes about three hours" clearly indicates a duration consisting of three units of 60 minutes each.
    *   The example provided in Sense 1 ("the job will take more than an hour") aligns structurally and semantically with the context ("takes about three hours").

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look
Target surface form: look
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A <t>look</t> at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look%1:07:01:: | definition=the feelings expressed on a person's face | synonyms=expression, aspect, facial expression, face | examples=a sad expression; a look of triumph
2. sense_key=look%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually | synonyms=looking, looking at | examples=he went out to have a look; his look was fixed on her eyes
3. sense_key=look%1:07:00:: | definition=physical appearance | examples=I don't like the looks of this place
4. sense_key=look%1:26:00:: | definition=the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people | synonyms=spirit, tone, feel, feeling, flavor, flavour | examples=the feel of the city excited him; a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "A <t>look</t> at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   Usage: "A look at a [situation/event]".
    *   Meaning: The phrase "a look at" here means an examination, inspection, or observation of something (the practice session). It functions almost like "a glance at" or "an observation of". It's a noun.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `look%1:07:01::` | Definition: the feelings expressed on a person's face | Examples: "a sad expression", "a look of triumph".
        *   *Analysis:* Does the text refer to a facial expression? No, it refers to observing an event (Thursday night practice).

    *   **Sense 2:** `look%1:04:00::` | Definition: the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually | Synonyms: looking, looking at | Examples: "he went out to have a look", "his look was fixed on her eyes".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense refers to the act of looking. The phrase "A look at a Thursday night practice" fits the pattern of "the act of looking at something" or "taking a look at something". It describes the action of observing the practice. This seems very close.

    *   **Sense 3:** `look%1:07:00::` | Definition: physical appearance | Examples: "I don't like the looks of this place".
        *   *Analysis:* Does it refer to physical appearance? No. It's not about what the practice *looks like* in terms of aesthetics, but the act of observing it.

    *   **Sense 4:** `look%1:26:00::` | Definition: the general atmosphere of a place or situation... | Synonyms: spirit, tone, feel...
        *   *Analysis:* Does it mean atmosphere? No. It's not saying "the look of the room was spooky". It's saying "an observation of the practice".

3.  **Refining the Choice:**
    *   The phrase is "A look at a Thursday night practice..."
    *   In WordNet, the noun "look" is often polysemous.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "He went out to have a look." This is the idiomatic "take/have a look" or "get a look". In the text, "A look at a... practice... gives an idea..." implies the act of observing the practice provides the information.
    *   Is there a sense for "a brief examination"? WordNet often groups "act of looking" with "brief look/glimpse" or "examination". Sense 2 (`look%1:04:00::`) defines it as "the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually". This is the fundamental definition of the noun "look" when used in phrases like "have a look" or "take a look".
    *   Sometimes WordNet splits "act of looking" (Sense 2) from "glimpse" or "quick look". Let's check standard WordNet hierarchies (if I recall correctly, usually grouped under `act` or `perception`). Sense 2 is the standard `act` sense.
    *   Does it fit? Yes. The text describes the act of observing the practice.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 4 ("atmosphere"). "A feel of the city". Can "a look at a practice" mean the atmosphere? No, it's an event observation.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 (facial expression). No.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 3 (physical appearance). "She has a new look". Not applicable here.

    *   Comparison:
        *   Sense 2: "the act of directing the eyes...". The example "he went out to have a look" is semantically very similar to "A look at a Thursday night practice". Both imply the action of observing. The context says this "look" gives an idea of the work involved. You get an idea of work by observing it. Therefore, the word "look" here denotes the act of observation.

    *   Wait, let me check if there is a specific sense for "glance" or "brief look" vs just the "act". The list provided only has 4 senses.
    *   Sense 2 is the only one fitting the "action of observing" meaning. The others are static (appearance, facial expression, atmosphere). "A look at..." is dynamic.

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "A look at a Thursday night practice..."
    *   Sense 2 Definition: "the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually"
    *   Sense 2 Example: "he went out to have a look"
    *   Mapping: "A look at a practice" = "The act of looking at a practice".
    *   Result: Sense 2 is the correct sense index.

    The index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: night
Target surface form: night
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday <t>night</t> practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=night%1:28:00:: | definition=the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside | synonyms=nighttime, dark
2. sense_key=night%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of ignorance or backwardness or gloom
3. sense_key=night%1:28:04:: | definition=the period spent sleeping | examples=I had a restless night
4. sense_key=night%1:28:02:: | definition=the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit | examples=three nights later he collapsed
5. sense_key=night%1:26:00:: | definition=darkness | examples=it vanished into the night
6. sense_key=night%1:28:05:: | definition=a shortening of nightfall | examples=they worked from morning to night
7. sense_key=night%1:28:03:: | definition=the time between sunset and midnight | examples=he watched television every night
8. sense_key=night%1:18:00:: | definition=Roman goddess of night; daughter of Erebus; counterpart of Greek Nyx | synonyms=Nox

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "night"
    *   Context snippet: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   The phrase is "Thursday night practice".
    *   This refers to a specific time of day when the practice happens. It is a point in time or a period of time on a specific day.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (night%1:28:00::)*: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside". Synonyms: nighttime, dark. This is the general definition of night as opposed to day.
    *   *Sense 2 (night%1:28:01::)*: "a period of ignorance or backwardness or gloom". Metaphorical usage. Not applicable here.
    *   *Sense 3 (night%1:28:04::)*: "the period spent sleeping". Example: "I had a restless night". Not applicable; they are practicing, not sleeping.
    *   *Sense 4 (night%1:28:02::)*: "the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit". Example: "three nights later he collapsed". This treats "night" as a unit of time measurement.
    *   *Sense 5 (night%1:26:00::)*: "darkness". Example: "it vanished into the night". This treats "night" as a substance or atmospheric condition. Not applicable here.
    *   *Sense 6 (night%1:28:05::)*: "a shortening of nightfall". Example: "they worked from morning to night". Refers to the end of the day. "Thursday night" refers to the whole period, not specifically the moment of nightfall.
    *   *Sense 7 (night%1:28:03::)*: "the time between sunset and midnight". Example: "he watched television every night". This is a specific sub-period of the night.
    *   *Sense 8 (night%1:18:00::)*: "Roman goddess of night". Proper noun. Not applicable.

3.  **Differentiate Sense 1 vs Sense 4 vs Sense 7:**

    *   The phrase is "Thursday night".
    *   Sense 1 is the most general definition: the time after sunset and before sunrise.
    *   Sense 4 treats it as a time unit ("three nights later").
    *   Sense 7 limits it to the time between sunset and midnight.

    Let's look at the usage "Thursday night practice".
    Usually, "night" in phrases like "Thursday night" refers to the dark period of that specific day. It functions as a temporal modifier.
    Sense 1 defines the *concept* of night (darkness time).
    Sense 4 defines it as a *unit* of the cycle (e.g., "stayed for two nights").
    Sense 7 is specific to the evening part.

    Let's look at the example in Sense 4: "three nights later". This counts nights.
    Let's look at Sense 1: "the time after sunset...".
    Let's look at Sense 7: "he watched television every night".

    In "Thursday night", "night" is identifying the specific segment of the day. Is it Sense 1 or Sense 7?
    WordNet Sense 1 is usually the default for "night" when referring to that time of day generally. However, Sense 7 ("time between sunset and midnight") is often distinct from late night. But in common parlance, "Thursday night" spans the whole dark period (or the evening).
    Usually, Sense 1 is the "top level" sense for the time period. Sense 7 is a specific subset (evening). Sense 4 is counting/units.

    Let's re-evaluate the WordNet hierarchy for "night".
    In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
    1. night (the time after sunset and before sunrise...)
    ...
    4. night (the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit)
    ...

    If I say "Thursday night", I am referring to that time period.
    Is it Sense 1? Yes, it is the time after sunset.
    Is it Sense 7? "Thursday night" usually implies the evening and potentially late night. But if the practice is at 7 PM, that fits Sense 7. If it goes until 10 PM, that still fits. If it goes to 1 AM, does it fit Sense 7?
    Usually, the distinction between Sense 1 and 7 in WordNet is that Sense 7 is specifically "evening" (pre-midnight), whereas Sense 1 is the whole dark period.
    However, Sense 1 is the primary definition. Let's check the exact wording.
    Sense 1: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside"
    Sense 7: "the time between sunset and midnight"

    Practices for bell ringing usually happen in the evening, typically starting around 7 or 7:30. This fits Sense 7 technically (sunset to midnight). However, usually, generic usage like "Thursday night" aligns with the most general sense (Sense 1) unless there is a specific contrast with "late night".
    Actually, let's look at Sense 4 again. "the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit".
    Phrase: "Thursday night".
    Is "night" here a unit of time? Yes, it names the period.
    But Sense 1 also defines the time period.
    The example for Sense 4 is "three nights later". This is counting.
    The example for Sense 1 is "night and day".
    The example for Sense 7 is "he watched television every night". This example "every night" is very similar to "Thursday night".

    Let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 7.
    Sense 1 includes "before sunrise".
    Sense 7 ends at "midnight".
    "Thursday night practice" happens in the evening. It does not last until sunrise. It likely ends before midnight.
    Therefore, Sense 7 is a strong candidate because it describes the evening period specifically.
    However, common usage of "Thursday night" is often mapped to the general concept of night (Sense 1) in many WSD datasets.
    Let's check SemCor or OntoNotes usage patterns if possible (mental check).
    In many WSD systems, specific time instances like "Thursday night" are often annotated with the general sense (Sense 1) unless the context specifically emphasizes the unit aspect (Sense 4) or the contrast with day (Sense 1).

    However, looking at WordNet definitions specifically:
    Sense 7 specifically cites "he watched television every night". "Thursday night" is a specific instance of "every night".
    Sense 1 includes the whole period.
    If the practice happens at 8 PM, it satisfies both Sense 1 and Sense 7.
    However, Sense 7 is a hyponym of Sense 1 in some ontologies or treated as a specific sense in WordNet.
    Actually, checking WordNet 3.1 structure:
    Sense 1 is the most generic.
    Sense 7 is specific to the "evening" part.

    Which one is "best"?
    If a practice is on "Thursday night", it usually means Thursday evening.
    If I say "I worked Thursday night", it might mean I worked the night shift (Sense 1 - whole duration) or I worked in the evening (Sense 7).
    Bell ringing practices are evening events.
    Is "Thursday night" treated as a time unit (Sense 4)? "Three nights later" counts nights. "Thursday night" points to a night. Is pointing to it "considering it a time unit"?
    Actually, Sense 4 is often reserved for counting or duration measurements (e.g., "a cold night", "two nights").
    Let's look at Sense 1 vs Sense 4 again.
    Sense 4 definition: "the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit".
    If I say "Thursday night", am I considering it a time unit? Or am I referring to the *time* itself?
    Sense 1 definition: "the time after sunset..."
    Usually, Sense 1 is the correct one for temporal locating. E.g., "at night", "in the night", "Thursday night".
    Sense 4 is often used in contexts of duration or counting, distinct from just the time of day. Example: "a night of fun" (not Sense 4), "stayed for two nights" (Sense 4).
    Wait, let's look at the WordNet example for Sense 4: "three nights later". This suggests Sense 4 is about the unit in a counting or relative time context.
    The text here says "A look at a Thursday night practice".
    It functions as a modifier of practice. It tells us *when*.
    This looks like Sense 1 (general time) or Sense 7 (evening).

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 7 again.
    WordNet Sense 7 is "the time between sunset and midnight".
    WordNet Sense 1 is "the time after sunset and before sunrise".
    If the practice ends at 9 PM, it fits Sense 7 perfectly.
    If the practice ends at 9 PM, it *also* fits Sense 1, but Sense 7 is more specific (hyponymous).
    Standard WSD heuristics: Choose the most specific sense that fits.
    Does "Thursday night" imply the evening? Yes.
    Does it imply the whole dark period including 3 AM? No, a practice doesn't last that long.
    So Sense 7 seems a better fit semantically for the specific time frame of a practice.
    However, standard practice for "Thursday night" often maps to the general sense 1 in many annotated corpora (like SemCor), treating Sense 7 as "evening" specifically when contrasted with "late night", or treating "night" as a mass noun of time (Sense 1).
    Let's check the example for Sense 7 again: "he watched television every night". This usage is identical structurally to "Thursday night practice". "Every night" is an adverbial of time. "Thursday night" acts as a modifier.
    Sense 1 examples usually show a broader scope or generic contrast.
    Let's check Sense 1 synonyms: "nighttime, dark".
    Sense 7 synonyms: (None listed in the prompt, but usually implies "evening" or specific night time).

    Let's reconsider Sense 4 ("time unit").
    "Thursday night" involves a unit of time.
    But Sense 4 example "three nights later" involves counting.
    The text doesn't count nights.
    It designates a time slot.

    Let's look at Sense 1 vs Sense 7 again.
    In many dictionaries, "night" is defined as:
    1. The period of darkness... (Sense 1)
    2. The period from evening to bedtime or midnight... (Sense 7)

    Usage "Thursday night":
    Most speakers would say "Thursday night" starts around 6-7pm and ends when they go to sleep or midnight.
    The bell ringing practice is an evening activity.
    Therefore, it fits Sense 7 (evening to midnight) better than Sense 1 (sunset to sunrise), because Sense 1 includes the hours of deep sleep (2 AM - 5 AM) which are not relevant to a practice.
    However, Sense 1 is the superordinate term.
    In WordNet, Sense 7 is a separate synset (presumably).
    If I have to choose between the general sense and a more specific sense that fits perfectly, I should choose the specific one.
    *However*, I need to be careful about over-interpreting WordNet granularity.
    "He watched television every night" is the example for Sense 7.
    "Thursday night practice" is analogous to "television every night".
    So Sense 7 is a very strong candidate.

    Let's check Sense 1 again. Is there any reason to prefer Sense 1?
    Sense 1 is the core, general definition.
    Sometimes WSD annotators prefer the most frequent sense (Sense 1).
    In SemCor, Sense 1 is highly frequent.
    Sense 7 is less frequent.
    Does "Thursday night" fit Sense 1? Yes, it is a subset.
    Does it fit Sense 7? Yes.
    Is Sense 7 intended to cover "Thursday night"?
    "The time between sunset and midnight".
    Most people would call 11 PM "night".
    Most people would call 3 AM "night" or "early morning".
    Bell ringing is typically 7 PM - 9 PM. This is squarely in Sense 7.
    If the text were about a "night watch" or "night shift" working until dawn, it would be Sense 1.
    Since it is a practice, it is Sense 7.

    Let's double check the sense numbers provided in the prompt.
    Sense 1: ...after sunset and before sunrise...
    Sense 7: ...between sunset and midnight...
    The practice is an evening activity.
    Therefore Sense 7 is the most accurate specific sense.
    (Even though Sense 1 is the 'super sense', Sense 7 captures the 'evening' aspect).

    Wait, I should check if there's a "time unit" argument for Sense 4.
    "Thursday night" acts as a temporal unit on which the practice occurs.
    But Sense 4's example "three nights later" suggests counting.
    And Sense 4's gloss "considered a time unit" suggests an abstract unit rather than the time period itself.
    Usage: "Thursday night". Here "night" refers to the period, not just the unit count.
    So Sense 4 is unlikely.

    So it's between 1 and 7.
    If I select Sense 1, I am saying "night" refers to the whole dark period.
    If I select Sense 7, I am saying "night" refers to the evening part.
    Context: "practice". Practices happen in the evening.
    Therefore Sense 7 is the precise fit.

    Let's check if there is a more generic sense 1 usage that overrides this.
    Example: "We met last night."
    If we met at 8 PM, is it Sense 1 or 7?
    Sense 7 gloss: "the time between sunset and midnight".
    Sense 1 gloss: "the time after sunset and before sunrise".
    In standard English, "night" often colloquially means "evening".
    WordNet Sense 7 captures this colloquial "evening" meaning.
    Therefore Sense 7 is the correct choice for "Thursday night practice".

    Let's consider the possibility of Sense 6: "shortening of nightfall".
    "Thursday nightfall practice"? No, that sounds wrong. "Thursday night" is a standard temporal designation.

    Let's consider Sense 1 again. Is it the "safe" choice?
    Often, Sense 1 is "Time after sunset...".
    Sense 7 is "Time between sunset and midnight".
    Is Sense 7 meant to differentiate from "late night"?
    In many contexts, yes.
    But "Thursday night" is a fixed phrase. Does it mean "Thursday evening"? Yes.
    Does it mean "Thursday dark period"? Ambiguous, but practice implies evening.
    If I stick to the definitions strictly:
    Context implies the practice happens in the evening (implied by "practice", typical human schedule).
    The practice does not span the whole night (Sense 1).
    The practice happens during the "time between sunset and midnight" (Sense 7).
    Thus Sense 7 is the winner.

    Let's verify the Sense keys/indices.
    1: 1:28:00
    7: 1:28:03

    Wait, I must return the *indexed sense*.
    The indices are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
    I am debating between 1 and 7.

    Let's look at the example for Sense 1 again. It doesn't have one in the prompt list (it just has synonyms).
    Let's look at Sense 7 example: "he watched television every night".
    "Every night" is a frequency. "Thursday night" is a specific instance.
    Both refer to the time when people are awake in the evening.

    Let's look at Sense 4 again. "three nights later".
    If the text was "After three nights of practice...", that would be Sense 4.
    Here it is "Thursday night".

    Comparison with Sense 1 (General).
    In WSD tasks (like SemEval), distinguishing between "general night" and "evening night" is a known fine-grained distinction.
    If the context supports "evening", Sense 7 (or equivalent in that version of WN) is preferred.
    "Practice" strongly implies the evening slot.

    However, looking at the provided list order:
    Sense 1 is "the time after sunset...".
    Sense 7 is "the time between sunset and midnight".

    Is it possible the system considers Sense 1 the catch-all?
    If I choose Sense 7, I am betting on the specific definition matching the specific activity time.
    If I choose Sense 1, I am betting on the general definition covering all usages unless there's a strong contrast.
    But the gloss for Sense 7 is *literally* the definition of when social activities like TV watching and Practices happen.
    "he watched television every night" -> People watch TV in the evening.
    "Thursday night practice" -> People practice in the evening.
    This parallel makes Sense 7 the intended answer.

    Let's confirm Sense 7 is index 7.
    1. sense_key=night%1:28:00::
    ...
    7. sense_key=night%1:28:03::

    Wait, let me check the numbering in the prompt.
    7. sense_key=night%1:28:03:: | definition=the time between sunset and midnight | examples=he watched television every night

    Yes, Sense 7 is the "evening" sense.

    Decision:
    The context mentions a "practice". Practices are evening events (post-work, pre-sleep).
    Sense 7 defines this specific part of the night (sunset to midnight).
    Sense 1 defines the entire dark period.
    Sense 7 is more precise and fits the "TV watching" example style (leisure/activity time).

    One counter-argument: Does "Thursday night" inherently mean the evening?
    Yes. If someone says "I have a flight Thursday night", it could be late. But "practice" suggests a group activity, standard times. Bell ringers typically practice 7:30pm - 9:00pm.
    This falls entirely within Sense 7.

    Therefore, I choose Sense 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: practice
Target surface form: practice
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night <t>practice</t> at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine which sense best fits the usage of "practice" in this passage.

The context describes a Thursday night "practice" at St. Mary Abbot church where ringers are training for bell ringing. They stand in a circle, pulling ropes, working on their bell-ringing techniques. This is clearly referring to a training session where the ringers are practicing their skills.

Now let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "a customary way of operation or behavior" - This refers to a habitual pattern of behavior, like annual raises or dietary patterns. This doesn't seem to fit the context of a training session for bell ringers.

2. "systematic training by multiple repetitions" with synonyms like "exercise, drill, practice session, recitation" - This sense directly refers to training sessions where people practice skills through repetition. The example "practice makes perfect" is about improving skills through repetition. This seems to fit well with the context of bell ringers training and honing their skills.

3. "translating an idea into action" with synonym "praxis" - This is about implementing theoretical concepts into practical application. This doesn't match the context of a training session.

4. "the exercise of a profession" - This refers to professional practice like law practice. This doesn't fit the context of bell ringers training.

5. "knowledge of how something is usually done" - This refers to knowing customary behaviors in certain contexts. This doesn't match the context.

The context is clearly describing a training session where bell ringers are practicing their techniques. The Thursday night "practice" is a scheduled session where they work on their skills, which aligns perfectly with sense 2: "systematic training by multiple repetitions" with synonyms like "exercise, drill, practice session, recitation". The ringers are engaged in a practice session to improve their bell-ringing skills.

So the answer is sense 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot <t>church</t> in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The target word is "church" appearing in the phrase "St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London".
    *   The context describes bell ringing, a physical location (Kensington district), and a specific building where ringers stand in a circle pulling ropes in a "ringing chamber".
    *   The sentence structure "St. Mary Abbot [church] in [location]" strongly suggests a physical building or a specific institution/location entity.

2.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (sense_key=church%1:14:00::):**
        *   *Definition:* one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship.
        *   *Synonyms:* Christian church.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to a denomination (e.g., the Catholic Church, the Anglican Church). While St. Mary Abbot is an Anglican church, the sentence refers to the specific entity in London, not the denomination as a whole concept.

    *   **Sense 2 (sense_key=church%1:06:00::):**
        *   *Definition:* a place for public (especially Christian) worship.
        *   *Synonyms:* church building.
        *   *Examples:* the church was empty.
        *   *Fit:* The text mentions "in the Kensington district of London" (location) and "a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber" (physical structure). St. Mary Abbot is referred to as a physical place one can visit or look at. This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 3 (sense_key=church%1:04:00::):**
        *   *Definition:* a service conducted in a house of worship.
        *   *Synonyms:* church service.
        *   *Examples:* don't be late for church.
        *   *Fit:* The text refers to the place/location, not the event of worship happening. They are practicing bell ringing, not necessarily holding a service at that moment (though it happens there). The reference is to the entity "St. Mary Abbot", which is a building.

    *   **Sense 4 (sense_key=church%1:14:01::):**
        *   *Definition:* the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church.
        *   *Examples:* our church is hosting a picnic next week.
        *   *Fit:* While a congregation exists, the context focuses on bells, towers, ringers, ropes, and ceilings. It designates a physical location in London.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 2 is the clear winner. The context points to a physical building located in a specific district where bell ringers practice. The mention of "St. Mary Abbot church" acts as a proper name for the building.

4.  **Formatting the Output:**
    *   The user requires a JSON object format: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The sense index corresponds to the numbered list provided.
    *   Sense 2 matches the physical building definition.

    *   Index 1 = Denomination.
    *   Index 2 = Building.
    *   Index 3 = Service.
    *   Index 4 = Congregation.

    The correct index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: gives
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about English bell ringing. Let me analyze the sentence:

"A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."

The key phrase is "gives an idea of the work involved."

The subject is "A look at a Thursday night practice" - this is an abstract concept/action
The object is "an idea of the work involved"

So the sentence means: Looking at the practice provides/conveys/yields an idea of the work involved.

Let me look at the senses:

1. give%2:40:03:: - "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense" - Examples: "She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold" - This is about causing someone to have something. Could fit.

2. give%2:40:05:: - "be the cause or source of" - Synonyms: yield, afford - Examples: "He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information" - This is about being the source of something. "A look... gives an idea" - the look is the source of the idea. This fits well.

3. give%2:40:00:: - "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody" - Examples: "I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?" - This is about transferring possession. Not quite right.

4. give%2:40:07:: - "convey or reveal information" - Examples: "Give one's name" - This is about conveying information. "An idea" could be information. This might fit.

Let me think more carefully. The phrase "gives an idea of" is about providing/providing understanding or insight.

Looking at sense 2: "be the cause or source of" with examples like "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" - this seems very close. A meeting affording information, a look giving an idea.

Sense 4: "convey or reveal information" - "Give one's name" - this is more about communicating specific information.

The phrase "gives an idea of" is about providing/conveying an understanding or impression. The look at the practice provides the viewer with an idea or understanding of the work involved.

Looking at sense 2 again: "be the cause or source of" with synonym "afford" and example "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" - this is very similar to "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."

I think sense 2 is the best fit here. The look is the source/cause of the idea (understanding) of the work involved.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 1: "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense" - This could also work. The look causes the viewer to have an idea.

But sense 2 with "be the cause or source of" and the example "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" seems closer to "A look... gives an idea."

The key similarity is:
- "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" - The meeting was the source of information
- "A look... gives an idea of the work involved" - The look is the source of the idea

I'll go with sense 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "idea" in this passage.

The sentence with "idea" is:
"A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved."

Let's break down what's happening:
- The passage is discussing English church bell ringing practices
- The sentence in question is saying that observing a Thursday night practice gives the reader an "idea" of the work involved in bell ringing

Now let's analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
This sense refers to a thought or concept that occupies one's mind. In the context, "gives an idea" doesn't mean "gives a thought" but rather gives an understanding or impression of something.

2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do
This sense is about intentions or plans. In the context, the author isn't talking about intentions but rather about understanding the nature of the work involved.

3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view
This sense refers to a personal opinion or perspective. The context doesn't suggest the author is expressing a personal view but rather conveying information about the nature of bell ringing work.

4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth
This sense is about estimations or approximations. The phrase "gives an idea of the work involved" means it provides an approximation or rough understanding of what the work entails. This seems to fit well with the context.

5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition
This is a musical sense, and while bell ringing involves sound, the "idea" in this context is not referring to a musical theme.

Based on the analysis, sense 4 seems most appropriate. The phrase "gives an idea of the work involved" means it provides an approximation or rough understanding of the nature of the work, which aligns with the definition "an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth." The example "a rough idea how long it would take" is similar to "gives an idea of the work involved" - both express gaining an approximate understanding of something.

Therefore, the correct sense is:
{"sense_index": 4}

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the <t>work</t> involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
2. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
3. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
4. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
5. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
6. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
7. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine the best match.

The context describes the effort and activity involved in bell ringing at a church in London. The sentence is: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."

Here, "work" refers to the effort, labor, or activity that goes into bell ringing practice. It's not referring to a product or creation, nor is it referring to employment or a workplace. It's not about physics or studying a subject. It's about the physical and mental effort required to perform bell ringing.

Let's look at each sense:

1. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
   - This sense refers to activity directed toward making or doing something. The example is similar in spirit to our context - it's about the activity/effort involved in doing something.

2. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
   - This is about a finished product or creation, not the activity itself.

3. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
   - This is about a job or paid employment, not the activity itself.

4. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
   - This is about studying or learning, which is not what's happening here.

5. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
   - This is a physics definition, not applicable here.

6. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
   - This is about a physical location, not the activity itself.

7. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods
   - This is about a collection of artistic works, not applicable here.

Based on my analysis, the first sense (sense_key=work%1:04:00::) is the best match. The definition "activity directed toward making or doing something" aligns well with the context, which describes the effort and activity involved in bell ringing practice. The example "she checked several points needing further work" also aligns with how "work" is being used in this context, as both refer to the effort or activity required to accomplish something.

So, the answer is sense_index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work <t>involved</t>. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work **involved**."
    *   Surrounding text: The text describes the activity of bell-ringing. It details the rules, the patterns ("methods"), the duration ("three hours"), and the physical mechanics (standing in a circle, pulling ropes).
    *   Target phrase: "the work involved".
    *   Meaning: The phrase refers to the effort, labor, or task associated with the activity of change ringing. It is describing the nature of the work that is part of or connected to this activity. "The work involved" essentially means "the work entailed by [bell ringing]".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `involved%3:00:00::` | definition="connected by participation or association or use" | examples="we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense usually applies to people ("people involved") or abstract problems/issues ("problems involved"). In the context "work involved", it fits slightly better than the others but "connected by participation" feels a bit off for "work". "Work involved" usually means "work entailed" or "work inherent in the task". However, let's look at the other senses to see if there is a better fit for the adjective "involved" modifying "work".

    *   **Sense 2:** `involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00` | definition="entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire" | synonyms="mired".
        *   *Analysis:* This implies being stuck or hindered. The work itself isn't stuck or hindered in mud; it's just being described as the work that is part of the process. This doesn't fit.

    *   **Sense 3:** `involved%5:00:00:attached:01` | definition="emotionally involved".
        *   *Analysis:* The context is about physical and mental labor/practice, not emotional attachment. This doesn't fit.

    *   **Sense 4:** `involved%5:00:00:complex:00` | definition="highly complex or intricate..." | synonyms="Byzantine, convoluted...".
        *   *Analysis:* Is the "work" complex? The text mentions "intricate" patterns ("Kent Treble Bob Major"), but "involved" here is a participial adjective. Usually, when one says "the work involved", it refers to the *existence* of the work relative to the project, not necessarily describing the *complexity* of the work itself using the adjective "involved". If the sentence were "the involved work of bell ringing," this sense might apply. But "the work involved" is a standard collocation where "involved" functions like "entailed" or "required". However, Sense 4 refers to the *quality* of being complex. While the work is complex, the phrase "work involved" usually relates to the *relation* of the work to the activity (Sense 1 or a sense close to it). Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 4.
        *   "The work involved" = "The work that is part of / associated with the activity".
        *   "The involved work" = "The complex work".
        *   The syntax "noun + involved" usually points to the participial sense of association/inclusion (Sense 1), whereas "involved + noun" often points to the qualitative sense of complexity (Sense 4).
        *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 1 again: "connected by participation or association or use". "The work connected by association with bell ringing." This seems correct.
        *   Let's check if there is a sense for "entailed" or "inherent". Sense 1's examples include "the problems involved". This is structurally identical to "the work involved". "The problems involved" means the problems associated with the situation. "The work involved" means the work associated with the situation/task.

    *   **Sense 5:** `involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00` | definition="enveloped".
        *   *Analysis:* This means wrapped up or surrounded (like "castle involved in mist"). This clearly doesn't fit "work".

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4 (the main contenders):**
    *   Context: "gives an idea of the work involved".
    *   If the author meant "complex", they might say "gives an idea of the complex nature of the work" or "gives an idea of how involved the work is".
    *   But "the work involved" is a standard phrase meaning "the necessary work" or "the associated work".
    *   Sense 1 covers "association". The work is *associated* with the practice.
    *   WordNet examples for Sense 1: "the problems involved". This matches the syntax "Noun + involved". The example "the problems involved" refers to the problems connected to the issue at hand. Similarly, "the work involved" refers to the work connected to the bell-ringing practice.
    *   WordNet examples for Sense 4: "Byzantine methods", "involved methods". These are attributive uses (Adjective + Noun) or predicate uses describing complexity. "The work involved" is not primarily describing the work as "complex" (though it is), but identifying the work *that is part of* the process.

4.  **Decision:**
    *   Sense 1 ("connected by participation or association or use") is the correct sense. It captures the meaning of "entailed" or "associated with". The phrase "the work involved" functions similarly to "the people involved" or "the problems involved" (Sense 1 examples).

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Sentence: "gives an idea of the work [associated with / entailed by the practice]."
    *   Sense 1 definition: "connected by participation or association..."
    *   Matches well.

    *   Sentence: "gives an idea of the [complex] work."
    *   Sense 4 definition: "highly complex or intricate..."
    *   While the work *is* complex, the syntax "post-nominal involved" (work involved) strongly favors the participial sense (Sense 1: associated/entailed) over the adjectival sense (Sense 4: complex). One would say "involved work" for Sense 4.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    Wait, let me double check the mapping of indices.
    Candidate senses:
    1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00::
    2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00
    3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01
    4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00
    5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00

    The best sense is the first one listed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved <t>ringers</t> stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target Lemma: "ringer"
    *   Target Surface Form: "ringers"
    *   Context: The text describes a group of people standing in a circle, pulling ropes connected to bells in a church (St. Mary Abbot church). They are performing "change ringing" (varying the order in which bells sound). They memorize patterns ("methods") and perform "peals".
    *   Key Clues: "bells sound", "pulling a rope", "ringing chamber", "church", "toller" (implied activity).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `ringer%1:18:02::`
        *   Definition: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)"
        *   Synonyms: toller, bell ringer
        *   Fit: This matches perfectly. The context explicitly mentions church bells, the ringing chamber, pulling ropes, and the act of varying the order of bells. These are bell ringers practicing method ringing.

    *   **Sense 2:** `ringer%1:18:01::`
        *   Definition: "a person who is almost identical to another"
        *   Synonyms: dead ringer, clone
        *   Fit: Incorrect. There is no mention of look-alikes or imposters in terms of identity.

    *   **Sense 3:** `ringer%1:18:00::`
        *   Definition: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses"
        *   Synonyms: (none listed, but implies a "ringer" in sports/games).
        *   Fit: Incorrect. While they are performing a skilled task, the text is about a church practice session, not a competition with a fraudulent participant.

    *   **Sense 4:** `ringer%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg"
        *   Synonyms: (none listed).
        *   Fit: Incorrect. This refers to an object (the horseshoe) or the action/score in a game, not the people standing in the ringing chamber.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the literal definition of the people performing the action described in the text (bell ringing).

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is the index of the chosen sense.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

    *   Wait, let me double check the indexing requested. "Choose the single best indexed sense." The list is numbered 1, 2, 3, 4.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct one.

    *   Final check:
        *   Text: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... pulling a rope..."
        *   Definition 1: "a person who rings church bells..."
        *   Match: Exact.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stand
Target surface form: stand
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
2. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
3. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
4. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
5. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
6. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
7. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
8. sense_key=stand%2:42:02:: | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!
9. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
10. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
11. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
12. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle..." The ringers are human beings (bell ringers). They are positioned in a physical space (a circle). The description that follows ("one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance") describes their physical posture. They are holding/pulling ropes.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `stand%2:35:00::` | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples="We had to stand for the entire performance!"
        *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. The ringers are physically standing upright in a circle. The physical posture is the primary meaning here.

    *   **Sense 2:** `stand%2:42:04::` | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples="I stand corrected"
        *   *Analysis:* This is a copular usage usually followed by an adjective describing a state (corrected, accused, etc.). Not fitting here.

    *   **Sense 3:** `stand%2:42:03::` | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples="We stand on common ground"
        *   *Analysis:* While they are occupying a location ("in a circle"), this sense often leans towards metaphorical locations or specific positions (like "stand on common ground"). However, Sense 1 ("be standing; be upright") is more basic and physical. Is "stand in a circle" about location or posture? "One foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance" strongly emphasizes posture/uprightness, not just location (which could be "sit in a circle"). Sense 1 captures the physical posture better.

    *   **Sense 4:** `stand%2:42:00::` | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples="I am standing my ground and won't give in!"
        *   *Analysis:* Metaphorical "standing firm". Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 5:** `stand%2:31:00::` | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure...
        *   *Analysis:* Wrong meaning entirely.

    *   **Sense 6:** `stand%2:31:01::` | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples="Where do you stand on the War?"
        *   *Analysis:* Opinion/stance on an issue. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 7:** `stand%2:42:06::` | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples="standing water"
        *   *Analysis:* Usually refers to fluids or objects not moving. While the ringers aren't running around, they are active (pulling ropes). "Standing water" is the prototypical example. This isn't the standard physical sense for humans.

    *   **Sense 8:** `stand%2:42:02::` | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples="The law stands!"
        *   *Analysis:* Legal/formal validity. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 9:** `stand%2:42:01::` | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples="She stands 6 feet tall"
        *   *Analysis:* Specific to height measurement. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 10:** `stand%2:35:01::` | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples="Can you stand the bookshelf up?"
        *   *Analysis:* This is a transitive verb ("stand something"). The context is intransitive ("ringers stand").

    *   **Sense 11:** `stand%2:33:00::` | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist...
        *   *Analysis:* Wrong meaning.

    *   **Sense 12:** `stand%2:35:10::` | definition=be available for stud services | examples="male domestic animals..."
        *   *Analysis:* Wrong meaning/domain.

3.  **Comparison:**
    *   The sentence describes physical arrangement and posture.
    *   Sense 1 (be standing; be upright) is the standard intransitive sense for humans assuming an upright position on their feet.
    *   Sense 3 (occupy a place or location) is the closest competitor, but usually involves a specific preposition like "stand on" (metaphorical) or a specific spot. Sense 1 is the default for "stand in a circle/room/place" describing posture. The mention of "prize-fighter's stance" confirms the posture aspect.

4.  **Selection:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Formatting:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: AtlasCloud