[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: liability
Target surface form: liabilities
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its <t>liabilities</t> with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=liability%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being legally obliged and responsible
2. sense_key=liability%1:26:00:: | definition=an obligation to pay money to another party | synonyms=indebtedness, financial obligation
3. sense_key=liability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being something that holds you back

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "liabilities" (plural form of "liability") in the context:

"Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state."

Let me analyze the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=liability%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being legally obliged and responsible
2. sense_key=liability%1:26:00:: | definition=an obligation to pay money to another party | synonyms=indebtedness, financial obligation
3. sense_key=liability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being something that holds you back

Context analysis:
- The passage is about banks (Bank of America, Citigroup) raising money to free themselves from obligations to the state/government
- The context mentions "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money"
- The context mentions "capital increase" and raising cash
- The phrase is "free itself from its liabilities with the state" - meaning financial obligations/debts to the state
- The broader context is about banks receiving government money (bailout money) during the financial crisis and now wanting to pay it back to avoid restrictions

This is clearly about financial obligations - specifically, money owed to the state/government. Citigroup wants to repay the government to get out from under the restrictions that came with accepting bailout funds.

Sense 1 (the state of being legally obliged and responsible) - This is more about legal responsibility in a general sense, not specifically about financial obligations.

Sense 2 (an obligation to pay money to another party) - This fits perfectly. The synonyms "indebtedness, financial obligation" align well with the context. Citigroup owes money to the state and wants to free itself from this financial obligation.

Sense 3 (the quality of being something that holds you back) - This is about something being a hindrance or disadvantage, like "his drinking was a liability." Not relevant here.

The best sense is sense 2 - an obligation to pay money to another party. This is about financial indebtedness to the state.

{"sense_index": 2}

provider: Venice


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the <t>state</t>. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The target word is "state" in the sentence: "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the <t>state</t>."
    *   The context discusses banks (Bank of America, Citigroup), financial crises, government intervention (cash injection, restrictions on bonuses), and liabilities.
    *   The phrase "liabilities with the state" implies a relationship between a corporate entity (Citigroup) and a governing entity that provided money (taxpayer money, cash injection).
    *   The "state" here is acting as a creditor or an entity that provided funds (likely TARP or similar government bailout programs). It represents the government or the public authority.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (sense_key=state%1:15:01::):** "The territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" (e.g., a US state like Alabama). *Incorrect.* This refers to a sub-national division. The context is about the US government or federal government involvement in banks.

    *   **Sense 2 (sense_key=state%1:03:00::):** "The way something is with respect to its main attributes" (condition). *Incorrect.* "Liabilities with the condition" doesn't make sense.

    *   **Sense 3 (sense_key=state%1:14:01::):** "The group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state." Synonyms: None listed explicitly in definition, but implies the governing body. Example: "The state has lowered its income tax." This fits well. It refers to the government as an actor. The bank has liabilities to the government (the state).

    *   **Sense 4 (sense_key=state%1:14:00::):** "A politically organized body of people under a single government." Synonyms: nation, country. Example: "The state has elected a new president." This is closely related to Sense 3 but focuses more on the *body politic* or the *nation* as a whole entity. While "liabilities with the nation" is possible, "liabilities with the state" usually emphasizes the governing apparatus (the entity that lent the money). In financial contexts, "the State" often acts as the government/institution. Sense 3 emphasizes the *group of people comprising the government*, which aligns with the institutional role described (imposing restrictions, giving cash injections).

    *   **Sense 5 (sense_key=state%1:26:02::):** "State of matter." *Incorrect.*

    *   **Sense 6 (sense_key=state%1:26:01::):** "A state of depression or agitation." *Incorrect.*

    *   **Sense 7 (sense_key=state%1:15:00::):** "The territory occupied by a nation." Synonyms: country, land. *Incorrect.* It's about the entity, not the geography.

    *   **Sense 8 (sense_key=state%1:14:02::):** "The federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies" (State Department). *Incorrect.* The State Department deals with foreign policy. The context here is domestic financial bailouts (Treasury/Fed involvement), but the word "state" is used in the general sense of the governing entity, not the specific "State Department" proper noun usage.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 3 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 3: "The group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state." (The government).
    *   Sense 4: "A politically organized body of people under a single government." (The nation/country).

    *   Context: "...free itself from its liabilities with the <t>state</t>."
    *   The bank owes money to the *government*. The government injected the cash.
    *   WordNet Sense 3 focuses on the government aspect ("group of people comprising the government").
    *   WordNet Sense 4 focuses on the nation/polity aspect ("body politic").

    *   Often, "the State" (capitalized or not) refers to the apparatus of government. When one says "liabilities to the state," one means the governing authority.
    *   Let's check the examples provided for Sense 3: "The state has lowered its income tax." (Government action).
    *   Let's check the examples provided for Sense 4: "The state has elected a new president." (The political entity/electorate).

    *   The interaction here is regulatory and financial (acceptance of money, restrictions, liabilities). These are actions of the government.
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 ("the group of people comprising the government") is the most precise fit for "the state" acting as a financial counterparty.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 3.

    *   Sense 3 Definition: the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state.
    *   Context match: The "state" provided cash, imposed restrictions, and holds liabilities. These are government functions.

    *   One might argue for Sense 4 (Nation/Body Politic), but usually, liabilities are owed to the *government* (Sense 3), not the abstract *nation* (Sense 4). In political science, "the State" is the machinery of government. In news reports about bailouts, "the state" refers to the government intervention.

    *   Let's double check Sense 1. "Constituent administrative districts." Definitely not. This is about the US federal government/taxpayer.

    *   Let's double check Sense 8. State Department. No, this is domestic finance.

    *   So it's 3 vs 4.
    *   Sense 3: The government.
    *   Sense 4: The country/nation.
    *   "Liabilities with the government" (Sense 3) vs "Liabilities with the country" (Sense 4).
    *   Sense 3 is the better pragmatic fit. The bank is dealing with the governing authority.

    *   Wait, let me check the standard WordNet hierarchy.
    *   `state%1:14:00::` is often the "top level" for "state" meaning "nation".
    *   `state%1:14:01::` is specifically the government.
    *   Usage: "liabilities with the state".
    *   If I owe money, I owe it to the governing body (Sense 3).
    *   Therefore, index 3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US <t>bank</t> was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**: The text discusses "Bank of America", "investors", "convertible loans", "sale of business units", "Kenneth Lewis" (Bank head), "cash injection", "financial crisis", "Merrill Lynch" (investment bank), "Citigroup", "capital market", "liabilities", "capital increase".
2.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "bank" in the phrase "The US <t>bank</t> was able to announce a capital increase...".
3.  **Evaluate candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1 (sloping land): Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (financial institution): The text explicitly mentions Bank of America and Citigroup, which are major financial institutions. The context talks about raising cash, capital increases, and the financial crisis. This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 (ridge or pile): Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4 (arrangement of objects): Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 5 (supply or stock): Irrelevant context.
    *   Sense 6 (gambling funds): Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 7 (road slope): Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 8 (money box/container): Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 9 (building): While banks have buildings, the context refers to the entity/organization announcing a capital increase ("The US bank was able to announce..."). It functions as an institution here.
    *   Sense 10 (flight maneuver): Irrelevant.
4.  **Distinguish between Sense 2 and Sense 9**: Sense 2 is defined as "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" with synonyms like "banking company". Sense 9 is defined as "a building in which the business of banking transacted". The context describes corporate actions (announcing capital increase, raising cash, sale of business units). These are actions of an institution (Sense 2), not a physical building (Sense 9).
5.  **Select the best sense**: Sense 2 matches the definition and examples ("he cashed a check at the bank") and the specific context of a large financial entity like Bank of America/Citigroup.

Target: Sense 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capital
Target surface form: capital
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a <t>capital</t> increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capital%1:21:01:: | definition=assets available for use in the production of further assets | synonyms=working capital
2. sense_key=capital%1:21:00:: | definition=wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value
3. sense_key=capital%1:15:00:: | definition=a seat of government
4. sense_key=capital%1:10:00:: | definition=one of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis | synonyms=capital letter, uppercase, upper-case letter, majuscule | examples=printers once kept the type for capitals and for small letters in separate cases; capitals were kept in the upper half of the type case and so became known as upper-case letters
5. sense_key=capital%1:15:01:: | definition=a center that is associated more than any other with some activity or product | examples=the crime capital of Italy; the drug capital of Columbia
6. sense_key=capital%1:14:00:: | definition=the federal government of the United States | synonyms=Washington
7. sense_key=capital%1:10:01:: | definition=a book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories | synonyms=Das Kapital
8. sense_key=capital%1:06:00:: | definition=the upper part of a column that supports the entablature | synonyms=chapiter, cap

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "capital". The surface form is "capital".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses "Bank of America", "Citigroup", "investors", "convertible loans", "cash injection", "financial crisis", "liabilities".
    *   The specific sentence is: "Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a *capital* increase of some USD 20 billion..."
    *   The phrase is "capital increase". This refers to increasing the financial resources of the bank.
    *   Context is clearly financial/economic.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "assets available for use in the production of further assets" (synonyms: working capital). This is a financial definition.
    *   Sense 2: "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value". This is also a financial/economic definition. It's very similar to Sense 1 but broader (includes human resources). In WordNet, Sense 1 (working capital) is usually distinguished as liquid assets used for operations, while Sense 2 is the broader concept of wealth/assets owned.
    *   Sense 3: "a seat of government". Geographic sense. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "uppercase letter". Orthographic sense. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: "a center associated with an activity". Metaphorical geographic sense (e.g., fashion capital). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: "federal government of the US". Political entity. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: "book by Karl Marx". Bibliographic sense. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: "top of a column". Architectural sense. Incorrect.

4.  **Disambiguate between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Context: "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "assets available for use in the production of further assets". Synonym: "working capital". Working capital is specifically current assets minus current liabilities. A "capital increase" (Kapitalerhöhung) usually refers to increasing the *equity* capital of a company (issuing new shares or in this context, raising cash from investors/state).
    *   Sense 2 definition: "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value". This is the general definition of financial capital (money/property).
    *   Let's look at WordNet hierarchy and usage nuances.
        *   Sense 1 (working capital) is narrower.
        *   Sense 2 is the general definition of capital as wealth/assets.
    *   The phrase "capital increase" (raising money/assets for the company) fits the general concept of raising financial resources.
    *   Let's check the gloss of Sense 1 again: "assets available for use in the production of further assets". This fits the business purpose.
    *   Let's check the gloss of Sense 2 again: "wealth in the form of money or property...".
    *   Usually, in financial news, "capital" refers to financial capital (Sense 2).
    *   However, is there a distinction in WordNet that pushes it to Sense 1? Sense 1 is often linked to "working capital". "Working capital" management is about short-term assets. Raising 20 billion USD to free itself from liabilities is a major balance sheet restructuring, often referred to as raising "capital" (equity or debt).
    *   If we look at standard WSD annotations for "capital" in financial contexts:
        *   "venture capital" -> Sense 1? Or 2?
        *   "raise capital" -> Usually refers to the general assets/wealth (Sense 2) or specifically the funds available for operation (Sense 1).
    *   Let's compare glosses closely.
        *   Sense 2 is the hypernym or the general concept.
        *   Sense 1 is "working capital".
    *   Is a "capital increase" an increase in "working capital" or "capital" (wealth)?
    *   Usually, when a bank announces a "capital increase", they are raising equity funds.
    *   WordNet Sense 2 includes "wealth... owned by a business". This seems the most standard definition for "capital" in "capital increase".
    *   WordNet Sense 1 is specific to "working capital". While related, "capital increase" is a general term. The bank is raising funds.
    *   Let's look at the WordNet structure (naturally).
        *   Sense 1 (01) is often the default/main sense in some contexts, but let's see.
        *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
            *   `capital%1:21:01::` (Sense 1 in the list) corresponds to `working_capital` (WN 3.0 13516323). Gloss: assets available for use in the production of further assets.
            *   `capital%1:21:00::` (Sense 2 in the list) corresponds to `capital` (WN 3.0 13515856). Gloss: wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value.
    *   Context: "raise cash on the capital market... announce a capital increase".
    *   This is financial capital. The phrase "capital increase" (Kapitalerhöhung) means increasing the equity or financial base of the firm. This aligns best with the concept of wealth/money owned by the business (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 1 ("working capital") usually refers to the operating liquidity. While raising capital helps liquidity, the specific term "capital increase" refers to the financial structure (wealth/equity).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the broader, more appropriate definition for "capital" in the context of a bank raising funds (capital increase). Sense 1 is a specific type of capital (working capital), but the text uses the general term "capital".
    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2 common usage in WSD datasets.
    *   Often, Sense 2 (wealth/money) is selected for "raise capital".
    *   However, Sense 1 (assets available for production...) covers the usage where capital is the fuel for the business.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms provided in the prompt.
        *   Sense 1 syn: "working capital".
        *   Sense 2 syn: None listed in prompt, but definition includes "human resources".
    *   If the text said "working capital", I'd choose 1.
    *   The text says "capital increase". This refers to raising equity/funds. This fits the "wealth in the form of money" definition of Sense 2.
    *   Actually, let's double check if Sense 1 is the intended 'economic' sense in some annotated datasets (like SemCor).
    *   In SemCor, "capital" often maps to Sense 1 (assets/working capital) for economic contexts or Sense 2.
    *   Let's check the definition nuances.
        *   Sense 1: Assets available for use... (Focus on utility/function).
        *   Sense 2: Wealth in the form of money... (Focus on ownership/composition).
    *   A "capital increase" increases the *wealth* of the bank (assets owned).
    *   Sense 2 seems semantically closer to "raising money". Sense 1 is more about the *status* of assets being used for production.
    *   Let's check if Sense 1 is "working capital". Yes.
    *   Does "capital increase" mean "working capital increase"? Yes, it increases the working capital. But does it mean "Capital" (Sense 2)?
    *   Actually, checking common WSD mappings for financial news:
        *   "raise capital" -> Sense 2 (wealth).
        *   "capital" (in economics) -> Sense 2 (factors of production).
    *   However, WordNet distinguishes "capital" (Sense 2) and "working_capital" (Sense 1).
    *   "Capital" (Sense 2) is a hypernym of "working_capital"?
        *   WordNet 3.0 hierarchy:
            *   `capital` (13515856) -> wealth...
            *   `working_capital` (13516323) -> assets available...
            *   Is `working_capital` a hyponym of `capital`?
            *   In WN 3.0: `capital` (13515856) has hyponyms: `working_capital` (13516323).
            *   So Sense 2 is the Hypernym. Sense 1 is the Hyponym.
            *   If the context fits the Hyponym, we usually pick the Hyponym. But does "capital increase" refer specifically to *working capital* management or general *capital* raising?
            *   "Capital increase" usually refers to increasing Equity Capital (Share Capital). Equity is not strictly "working capital" (current assets - current liabilities), though the proceeds often become liquid assets. Equity is part of the capital structure.
            *   Sense 2 (wealth) is the broad definition.
            *   Sense 1 (working capital) is specific to operating liquidity.
            *   Banks raising $20 billion to pay back state liabilities (TARP etc.) is a recapitalization. It strengthens the capital base (equity/wealth).
            *   Therefore, Sense 2 (wealth/money owned by business) is the correct, broader sense covering "capital increase".
            *   Sense 1 is too specific (working capital) and might not cover "share capital" or "equity capital" perfectly, though related.
            *   However, some WSD systems or datasets might map general financial "capital" to Sense 1 if they view it as "money used to make money".
    *   Let's look at the prompt's specific Sense 1 definition: "assets available for use in the production of further assets".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value".
    *   The phrase "capital increase" suggests adding to the pile of money/wealth.
    *   "The bank ... announce a capital increase".
    *   The bank is increasing its wealth/assets (Sense 2).
    *   It is providing assets for production (Sense 1).
    *   But Sense 1's synonym is explicitly "working capital". "Capital increase" is a fixed phrase (Kapitalerhöhung). It refers to the balance sheet total or equity. Sense 2 fits "wealth in the form of money... owned by a business".
    *   Let's verify the Sense Indexing.
        *   Sense 1: 13516323 (working_capital)
        *   Sense 2: 13515856 (capital - wealth)
    *   Most dictionaries define "capital" in "capital increase" as "wealth/money/assets". This maps to Sense 2.
    *   If the text were "managing working capital", Sense 1 would be perfect.
    *   Here, it's raising a lump sum of $20bn.
    *   I will go with Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "assets available for use in the production of further assets".
    *   And Sense 2. "wealth in the form of money...".
    *   Usually, the most general sense that fits is the one.
    *   However, in WordNet, Sense 1 (01) often has a specific frequency.
    *   Let's check if the user provided the list in a specific order (1, 2, 3...).
        *   Sense 1: capital%1:21:01:: (working capital)
        *   Sense 2: capital%1:21:00:: (wealth)
        *   Note the sense numbers in keys.
        *   1:21:00 is usually the main sense. 1:21:01 is the subsense/hyponym.
        *   The list provided has Sense 1 (01) first and Sense 2 (00) second.
        *   Often, the "00" sense is the main one in WordNet keys.
        *   Sense 2 in the list has key `capital%1:21:00::`. This is the main definition (Wealth).
        *   Sense 1 in the list has key `capital%1:21:01::`. This is the subsense (Working capital).
    *   Context "capital increase" -> Raising wealth/money.
    *   Fits "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a ... business".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    Let's double check Sense 1's applicability. "Capital increase" -> "Increase in working capital"? While technically true that liquidity increases, the *term* "capital increase" refers to the financial capital (equity/debt). It fits the definition of Sense 2 better (Wealth/Money owned).
    Sense 1 is specifically "Working capital". If the text said "Bank needs more working capital", I'd pick 1. It says "capital increase" (generic financial capital). So Sense 2.

    Final check:
    Context: "announce a capital increase".
    Meaning: Raising funds/wealth for the business.
    Sense 2 Def: "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business..."
    Match: Perfect.

    Sense 1 Def: "assets available for use in the production of further assets".
    Match: Also true, but Sense 1 is tagged as synonym "working capital".
    "Capital" in "capital increase" is broader than "working capital".
    Therefore, Sense 2.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increase
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital <t>increase</t> of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%1:23:00:: | definition=a quantity that is added | synonyms=addition, gain | examples=there was an addition to property taxes this year; they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks
2. sense_key=increase%1:11:00:: | definition=a change resulting in an increase | examples=the increase is scheduled for next month
3. sense_key=increase%1:22:00:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increment, growth | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=increase%1:07:00:: | definition=the amount by which something increases | synonyms=increment | examples=they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare
5. sense_key=increase%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of increasing something | synonyms=step-up | examples=he gave me an increase in salary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** increase
    *   **Target surface form:** increase (noun, given the article "a capital increase")
    *   **Context:** The text discusses financial maneuvers by banks (Bank of America, Citigroup). Specifically, Citigroup announced a "capital increase of some USD 20 billion". This refers to raising capital, specifically the amount of capital being added to the company's funds.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "a quantity that is added" (synonyms: addition, gain). Examples: "addition to property taxes", "cattle's gain in weight".
        *   *Fit:* This focuses on the specific amount added. "A capital increase of some USD 20 billion" fits well here because it's describing a specific quantity ($20 billion) being added to the capital. However, usually "capital increase" refers to the event or the result. Let's look at the other senses.

    *   **Sense 2:** "a change resulting in an increase" (examples: "the increase is scheduled for next month").
        *   *Fit:* This is vague. It suggests the result of a change. "Capital increase" is often an event, but this definition feels slightly off for the specific phrase "capital increase" which usually denotes the actual raising of funds or the amount.

    *   **Sense 3:** "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" (synonyms: increment, growth). Examples: "the increase in unemployment", "the growth of population".
        *   *Fit:* This refers to a process or a trend. "Capital increase" is not usually a process like population growth; it's a discrete financial event/action. So, this is unlikely.

    *   **Sense 4:** "the amount by which something increases" (synonyms: increment). Examples: "an increase of 15 percent in the fare".
        *   *Fit:* This focuses on the *difference* or the *magnitude* of the increase. "A capital increase of some USD 20 billion" specifies the magnitude. This is very similar to Sense 1. In WordNet, Sense 1 ("a quantity that is added") and Sense 4 ("the amount by which something increases") are often hard to distinguish without looking at specific hyponym structures or usage nuances.
        *   Let's check the definition text again. Sense 1: "a quantity that is added". Sense 4: "the amount by which something increases".
        *   "Capital increase" implies the *event* of raising capital or the *result* (the new capital obtained).
        *   Let's look at the preposition "of". "An increase of $20 billion".
        *   Sense 1 example: "there was an addition to property taxes". Sense 4 example: "an increase of 15 percent".
        *   In financial contexts, a "capital increase" is often a specific noun phrase referring to the *act* or the *result*.
        *   Wait, let's look at Sense 5.

    *   **Sense 5:** "the act of increasing something" (synonyms: step-up). Examples: "he gave me an increase in salary".
        *   *Fit:* "Capital increase" is often a technical term for the act of raising capital (Kapitalerhöhung in German, which is the likely source of this translated text given the context words like "kitty" and "circles").
        *   Context: "Citigroup also plans to raise cash... announce a capital increase..."
        *   Is "increase" here the *act* (Sense 5) or the *amount* (Sense 1/4)?
        *   "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
        *   If it were just the act, one might say "announce a capital increase". The modifier "of some USD 20 billion" strongly points towards the amount/quantity senses (Sense 1 or 4).
        *   However, in WordNet, Sense 5 (act) is quite common for "salary increase" or "price increase".
        *   Let's differentiate Sense 1 and Sense 4.
        *   Sense 1: "a quantity that is added". The example "addition to property taxes" implies the extra amount.
        *   Sense 4: "the amount by which something increases". The example "increase of 15 percent" implies the delta.
        *   "A capital increase of USD 20 billion" means the capital was increased *by* that amount, or that amount was added.
        *   Let's look at the synonym sets.
        *   Sense 1 synonyms: addition, gain.
        *   Sense 4 synonyms: increment.
        *   Sense 5 synonyms: step-up. Example: "he gave me an increase in salary". Note that "salary increase" usually refers to the raise itself (the act or the amount).
        *   Sense 2: "a change resulting in an increase".
        *   Sense 1 is generally used for "a gain" or "an addition".
        *   Sense 4 is "the amount by which something increases".
        *   Let's check the usage in the sentence: "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
        *   Does "capital increase" mean the *act* of increasing capital (a capital raising event)? Yes, typically. You announce an event/action.
        *   If I say "announce a price increase of 10%", usually that maps to the act/event in many dictionaries, but WordNet has specific definitions.
        *   Let's test Sense 5 again. Definition: "the act of increasing something". Synonym: "step-up". Example: "he gave me an increase in salary".
        *   The example "he gave me an increase" implies the act of giving the raise.
        *   The context here is "announce a capital increase". Banks announce *actions* or *events*. They announce they are increasing capital.
        *   "Capital increase" (Kapitalerhöhung) is a financial event.
        *   However, the quantifier "of some USD 20 billion" makes it tricky. Is it the event *of* that size? Or the quantity *added*?
        *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "A quantity that is added". If I have a capital increase of $20bn, I have a quantity of $20bn added to my capital.
        *   Let's look at Sense 4. "The amount by which something increases".
        *   WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 distinctions:
            *   1: addition, gain (The thing added).
            *   4: increment (The magnitude of change).
        *   Usually, for "an increase of [amount]", Sense 4 is the specific definition for "the amount by which...". The example "increase of 15 percent" matches the syntax "increase of [amount]".
        *   However, Sense 5 "the act of increasing something" (step-up) is also strong for nominalized verbs like "capital increase".
        *   Let's compare Sense 4 and Sense 5.
        *   Sense 4 (Amount): "The increase was 10%." "A capital increase of $20bn."
        *   Sense 5 (Act): "The increase was difficult." "We announced the increase."
        *   In the sentence: "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
        *   Can you announce an amount? Yes. Can you announce an act? Yes.
        *   The phrase "capital increase" is a compound concept.
        *   Let's look at the provided examples for Sense 5: "he gave me an increase in salary". This often implies the resulting higher salary or the act.
        *   Let's look at the provided examples for Sense 4: "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare". This fits the syntax "an increase of [amount]" perfectly.
        *   Let's look at Sense 1 examples: "there was an addition to property taxes". "cattle's gain in weight". These fit "quantity added".
        *   Between Sense 1 and Sense 4: Sense 4 is specifically "the amount by which something increases". Sense 1 is "a quantity that is added".
        *   "Capital increase of $20bn" describes the delta/amount. Sense 4 seems more precise for the measurement aspect.
        *   But let's reconsider Sense 5 (Act). In financial reporting, a "capital increase" is an event. "Citigroup announces a capital increase." This is the announcement of the action.
        *   Let's check the sense definitions for WordNet `increase%1:04:00::` (Sense 5 in this list).
            *   WN 3.0: `increase` (n) 1: a quantity that is added (Sense 1). 2: a change resulting in an increase (Sense 2). 3: a process of becoming larger... (Sense 3). 4: the amount by which something increases (Sense 4). 5: the act of increasing something (Sense 5).
        *   Let's look at the mapping carefully.
        *   Sense 5 (Act): "The act of increasing something." Synonym: step-up.
        *   If the sentence said "The capital increase was successful", it would be Sense 5.
        *   If the sentence says "A capital increase of $20bn", it specifies the magnitude.
        *   However, let's look at the Sense 4 example: "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare".
        *   The text is "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
        *   This structure "increase of [amount]" matches Sense 4's example almost perfectly ("increase of 15 percent"). It emphasizes the *amount* of the increase.
        *   Sense 1's example "there was an addition..." doesn't use the "of" construction to denote size, it denotes the addition itself.
        *   Therefore, Sense 4 seems the most linguistically appropriate for the specific construction "an increase of [Amount]".
        *   Wait, Sense 4 in the list provided says: `sense_key=increase%1:07:00::`. Let me check standard WordNet numbering.
        *   WN 1: `increase%1:22:00::` (process) - usually Sense 3 in some lists.
        *   Let's stick to the definitions provided in the prompt to avoid confusion with external numbering systems.
        *   Prompt Sense 1: "quantity added".
        *   Prompt Sense 4: "amount by which something increases". Example: "increase of 15 percent".
        *   Prompt Sense 5: "act of increasing".
        *   The phrase "increase of some USD 20 billion" aligns perfectly with the example for Sense 4 ("increase of 15 percent").
        *   The phrase "capital increase" denotes the financial event, but the quantification "of USD 20 billion" shifts the focus to the magnitude/amount defined in Sense 4.
        *   If it were Sense 5 (Act), the example "he gave me an increase in salary" is about the event.
        *   However, usually, distinctions in WSD tasks follow the definition's keywords. "Amount by which..." vs "Quantity that is added".
        *   Sense 1 vs Sense 4:
            *   Sense 1: "There was an addition to property taxes". Focus is on the 'thing' added (the extra tax).
            *   Sense 4: "The increase of 15 percent". Focus is on the delta/percentage/amount.
            *   "USD 20 billion" is the amount by which the capital increases.
            *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the intended target.

        Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 4 again.
        Definition 1: "a quantity that is added".
        Definition 4: "the amount by which something increases".
        They are extremely close.
        Synonyms for 1: addition, gain.
        Synonyms for 4: increment.
        "Capital increase" -> Kapitalerhöhung. This is usually an event.
        But "a capital increase of $20bn".
        Let's look at Sense 4 again. "the amount by which something increases".
        Does $20bn define the *amount by which* capital increases? Yes.
        Does $20bn define a *quantity that is added*? Yes.
        Why prefer 4? The example "increase of 15 percent" matches the syntax "increase of [amount]". Sense 1 examples do not show this syntax ("addition to...", "gain in...").
        The syntax "increase of [amount]" is a strong cue for Sense 4 in WordNet mappings.

        Let's check Sense 5 again. "The act of increasing something".
        Is "a capital increase" the act?
        "Citigroup plans to raise cash... to announce a capital increase".
        "Announce a capital increase" -> Announce the act.
        If I announce "an increase of 15%", am I announcing the act or the amount?
        WordNet Sense 5 example: "he gave me an increase in salary".
        WordNet Sense 4 example: "they proposed an increase of 15 percent".
        The prompt's context: "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
        This matches Sense 4's example ("increase of [amount]") much more closely than Sense 5's example ("gave me an increase"). The quantification is the key. If the text was just "announce a capital increase", Sense 5 would be a strong contender. But with "of USD 20 billion", it points to the specific increment/amount.

        Wait, let's look at Sense 1 example again. "They recorded the cattle's gain in weight". This implies the amount gained.
        However, the specific wording "increase of X" is mapped to Sense 4 in the examples provided.
        Sense 4: definition "the amount by which something increases", example "increase of 15 percent".
        Target: "increase of some USD 20 billion".
        This is a syntactic match.

        Let's confirm indices.
        Sense 1 is index 1.
        Sense 2 is index 2.
        Sense 3 is index 3.
        Sense 4 is index 4.
        Sense 5 is index 5.

        Is there any reason to choose Sense 1?
        Synonyms for 1: addition, gain.
        Synonyms for 4: increment.
        "Capital increase" -> Capital increment? Not a standard phrase.
        "Capital addition"? No.
        "Capital increase" is the phrase.
        Sense 4 definition: "the amount by which something increases".
        The context says: "a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
        $20 billion is the amount by which capital increases.
        Sense 4 fits perfectly.

        Let's verify if "capital increase" implies the *event* (Sense 5) more than the *amount* (Sense 4).
        In financial language, "capital increase" refers to the transaction (the event). "We executed a capital increase."
        However, the sentence says "announce a capital increase of...".
        If I say "I propose a price increase of 10%", the head noun is "increase". What kind of increase? A price increase. What is its measure? 10%.
        WordNet Sense 4 covers "the amount by which something increases".
        If the sense was the *event*, the definition would be "the act..." (Sense 5).
        Does "an increase of 10%" refer to the amount or the act?
        "The increase was large." (Amount).
        "The increase was held on Tuesday." (Act - unlikely phrasing).
        "The increase was announced." (Act/Amount ambiguity).
        The definition "amount by which something increases" is the specific value of the delta.
        The definition "act of increasing something" is the event.
        The quantification "of $20bn" makes the phrase refer to the size/magnitude of the act.
        In WordNet, usually, quantified nouns (a jump of X, an increase of X) map to the dimension/amount sense (Sense 4) rather than the act sense, especially when the example for Sense 4 is explicitly "an increase of 15 percent".
        Sense 5's example "he gave me an increase in salary" is not quantified with "of".
        Therefore, the "of [amount]" construction is the deciding factor pointing to Sense 4.

        Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 4 again just in case.
        Sense 1: "A quantity that is added". Example: "There was an addition to property taxes".
        This usually implies the *extra thing* added.
        Sense 4: "The amount by which something increases". Example: "Increase of 15 percent".
        This implies the *delta*.
        $20 billion is the amount (delta).
        It matches Sense 4's syntax and definition.

        Final check.
        WordNet 3.1 (often the source).
        S1: addition, gain, increase.
        S2: increase (change resulting in...).
        S3: increase, increment, growth (process...).
        S4: increase, increment (amount by which...).
        S5: increase, step-up (act of...).

        The candidate list in the prompt maps:
        1 -> quantity added.
        2 -> change resulting in...
        3 -> process...
        4 -> amount by which...
        5 -> act of...

        Context: "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion".
        Matches Sense 4 example "increase of 15 percent".
        Matches Sense 4 definition "amount by which something increases".
        Matches Sense 4 synonym "increment" (financial term for amount of change).

        Conclusion: Sense 4 is the best fit.

        Index: 4.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circle
Target surface form: circles
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to <t>circles</t>. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circle%1:25:00:: | definition=ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point | examples=he calculated the circumference of the circle
2. sense_key=circle%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
3. sense_key=circle%1:25:01:: | definition=something approximating the shape of a circle | examples=the chairs were arranged in a circle
4. sense_key=circle%1:04:00:: | definition=movement once around a course | synonyms=lap, circuit | examples=he drove an extra lap just for insurance
5. sense_key=circle%1:06:01:: | definition=a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island | synonyms=traffic circle, rotary, roundabout | examples=the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary
6. sense_key=circle%1:06:03:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, rope, roofy, roach
7. sense_key=circle%1:06:02:: | definition=a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater or opera house; usually the first tier above the orchestra | synonyms=dress circle | examples=they had excellent seats in the dress circle
8. sense_key=circle%1:06:00:: | definition=any circular or rotating mechanism | synonyms=round | examples=the machine punched out metal circles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 2}

content: sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "circle", surface form "circles".
2.  **Analyze the context**: The text discusses financial news. Bank of America raised cash, Kenneth Lewis thanked taxpayers. Citigroup plans to raise cash. CNBC reported a capital increase "with reference to <t>circles</t>".
    *   "reported CNBC with reference to circles" suggests a source of information.
    *   In news journalism, "circles" often refers to specific groups of people with shared interests or knowledge (e.g., "banking circles", "political circles", "informed circles").
    *   The context implies unnamed sources or people within a specific industry/knowledge group provided the information.
3.  **Evaluate candidate senses**:
    *   *Sense 1 (Geometry)*: Ellipse with equal axes. Unlikely in a financial news report context unless discussing shapes.
    *   *Sense 2 (Association of people)*: "an unofficial association of people or groups". Examples: "the smart set goes there". Synonyms: "set, band, lot".
        *   Does this fit? Yes. "Reference to circles" means reference to groups of people (likely financial/banking circles) who knew about the capital increase. This is a standard idiomatic usage in journalism (e.g., "sources in banking circles").
    *   *Sense 3 (Shape approximation)*: "something approximating the shape.
    *   *Sense 4 (Movement)*: "movement once around a course". No.
    *   *Sense 5 (Road junction)*: Traffic circle/roundabout. No.
    *   *Sense 6 (Drug slang)*: Street name for flunitrazepan. No.
    *   *Sense 7 (Theater seating)*: Dress circle. No.
    *   *Sense 8 (Mechanism)*: Circular mechanism. No.
4.  **Confirm Sense 2**:
    *   Definition: "an unofficial association of people or groups".
    *   Contextual fit: High. The phrase "with reference to circles" (likely a translation of "aus Kreisen" or similar in the original source text this dataset might come from) implies "sources within circles" or "according to circles" (groups of insiders).
    *   Index: Sense 2.
5.  **Final Output Formatting**: Return JSON object with the correct index.
    *   Index 2 corresponds to the sense key `circle%1:14:00::`.

Let's double check the index mapping.
1. circle%1:25:00::
2. circle%1:14:00::
3. circle%1:25:01::
4. circle%1:04:00::
5. circle%1:06:01::
6. circle%1:06:03::
7. circle%1:06:02::
8. circle%1:06:00::

Selected sense: Sense 2.
Reasoning: In the context of a news report about financial moves (Citigroup raising capital), "circles" refers to groups of people involved or knowledgeable in the relevant field (financial/banking circles). This matches the definition "an unofficial association of people or groups".

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circle
Target surface form: circles
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to <t>circles</t>. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circle%1:25:00:: | definition=ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point | examples=he calculated the circumference of the circle
2. sense_key=circle%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
3. sense_key=circle%1:25:01:: | definition=something approximating the shape of a circle | examples=the chairs were arranged in a circle
4. sense_key=circle%1:04:00:: | definition=movement once around a course | synonyms=lap, circuit | examples=he drove an extra lap just for insurance
5. sense_key=circle%1:06:01:: | definition=a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island | synonyms=traffic circle, rotary, roundabout | examples=the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary
6. sense_key=circle%1:06:03:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, rope, roofy, roach
7. sense_key=circle%1:06:02:: | definition=a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater or opera house; usually the first tier above the orchestra | synonyms=dress circle | examples=they had excellent seats in the dress circle
8. sense_key=circle%1:06:00:: | definition=any circular or rotating mechanism | synonyms=round | examples=the machine punched out metal circles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 8. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `circle`
    *   Target surface form: `circles`
    *   Context: A financial news snippet about Bank of America and Citigroup raising capital. The specific sentence is: "Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to <t>circles</t>."
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense from the provided list.
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": N}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence involves reporting information. "reported CNBC with reference to circles".
    *   What kind of entity can CNBC refer to or cite as a source?
    *   Usually, sources in journalism are "people familiar with the matter", "sources", "insiders", "groups", "associations".
    *   The phrase "reference to circles" here implies "reference to [groups of people with specific knowledge]".
    *   It refers to social or professional groups (financial circles, banking circles).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **1. Geometry (shape):** "ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length". Unlikely. CNBC wouldn't cite a geometric shape as a source.
    *   **2. Group of people:** "an unofficial association of people or groups". Synonyms: *set, band, lot*. Examples: *the smart set*. This fits the idiom "informed circles", "financial circles", "banking circles". In the context "reference to circles", it implies sources within specific professional or social circles. This matches the usage in journalism where "circles" stands in for "people in those circles".
    *   **3. Approximate shape:** "something approximating the shape of a circle". Doesn't fit the abstract concept of a source.
    *   **4. Movement (lap):** "movement once around a course". Irrelevant.
    *   **5. Traffic circle:** "a road junction". Irrelevant.
    *   **6. Street name for drug:** "street names for flunitrazepan". Irrelevant.
    *   **7. Theater seating:** "a curved section or tier of seats". Irrelevant.
    *   **8. Rotating mechanism:** "any circular or rotating mechanism". Irrelevant.

4.  **Refine the Decision:**
    *   The phrase "reference to circles" is elliptical for "reference to [people in] circles".
    *   Sense 2 defines a circle as an "unofficial association of people or groups". This is the standard definition used when referring to "political circles", "literary circles", or "financial circles" (implied here).
    *   The synonyms "set" (e.g., "the smart set") support this social grouping meaning.

5.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Index 2 corresponds to the "group of people" definition.

6.  **Construct Output:**
    *   `{"sense_index": 2}`

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: support
Context:
Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment. Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley had already repaid their <t>support</t> in June.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:**
    *   Lemma: `support`
    *   Surface form: `support` (noun)

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The context discusses banks (Bank of America, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase, Morgan Stanley) during the financial crisis.
    *   Key phrase: "Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley had already repaid their **support** in June."
    *   Preceding sentences talk about "cash injection," "raise cash," "capital increase," "liabilities with the state."
    *   The word "support" refers to the financial assistance (money/bailout) provided by the state (taxpayers) to these banks.
    *   Crucially, they "repaid" this support. You repay money or financial aid.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `support%1:04:04::` - "the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities". Examples: "his support kept the family together".
        *   *Critique:* This refers to the *activity* of providing. Can you "repay an activity"? Not usually. You repay the money provided. This is close but focuses on the action rather than the thing (money).

    *   **Sense 2:** `support%1:04:00::` - "aiding the cause or policy or interests of".
        *   *Critique:* Abstract. You don't "repay" this in the sense of a financial transaction described here.

    *   **Sense 3:** `support%1:09:00::` - "something providing immaterial assistance".
        *   *Critique:* The assistance here is very material (billions of dollars).

    *   **Sense 4:** `support%1:04:03::` - Military operation.
        *   *Critique:* Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5:** `support%1:04:02::` - Documentary validation.
        *   *Critique:* Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6:** `support%1:21:00::` - "the financial means whereby one lives" (livelihood).
        *   *Critique:* This is about personal subsistence ("bread and butter"). Banks are not using this for "living" in the subsistence sense, but for capital/liquidity.

    *   **Sense 7:** `support%1:06:01::` - Physical supporting structure.
        *   *Critique:* Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 8:** `support%1:04:01::` - Act of bearing weight.
        *   *Critique:* Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 9:** `support%1:10:01::` - Musical accompaniment.
        *   *Critique:* Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 10:** `support%1:06:00::` - Device bearing weight.
        *   *Critique:* Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 11:** `support%1:21:01::` - "financial resources provided to make some project possible". Synonyms: "financial support, funding, backing, financial backing".
        *   *Critique:* This matches perfectly. The context describes government bailouts (financial resources) given to banks to keep them solvent. The banks are repaying this financial backing. The synonyms "financial support" and "funding" fit the context of "cash injection" and "capital increase".

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 11:**
    *   Sense 1 defines it as the *activity* or the *act* of supplying money.
    *   Sense 11 defines it as the *financial resources* provided.
    *   Context: "repaid their **support**".
    *   One repays *resources/funds/money*, not the *activity*.
    *   Therefore, Sense 11 is the better fit than Sense 1.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The target word refers to the TARP funds/bailout money.
    *   Sense 11: "financial resources provided to make some project possible" (or in this case, keep the bank afloat).
    *   Synonyms: funding, financial backing.
    *   This is the correct sense.

6.  **Format Output:**
    *   Index 11.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appeal
Target surface form: Appeal
Context:
Cheshire <t>Appeal</t> Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appeal%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, prayer | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
2. sense_key=appeal%1:07:00:: | definition=attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates | synonyms=appealingness, charm | examples=his smile was part of his appeal to her
3. sense_key=appeal%1:04:00:: | definition=(law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trial | examples=their appeal was denied in the superior court
4. sense_key=appeal%1:10:02:: | definition=request for a sum of money | synonyms=solicitation, collection, ingathering | examples=an appeal to raise money for starving children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is "Cheshire <t>Appeal</t> Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows."
    *   Keywords: "Cheshire" (likely a name or place, specifically a person involved in a legal case, or the case name), "courtroom" (legal setting), "typing away" (reporting/recording).
    *   The phrase "Cheshire Appeal" suggests a specific legal case or event. "Appeal" here is capitalized, acting as a proper noun or referring to a specific legal proceeding.
    *   "courtroom" explicitly sets the domain as legal/judicial.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "earnest or urgent request" (entreaty, prayer). This is a generic request. While legal appeals are requests, this sense is broader and usually refers to the act of asking, not the formal proceeding itself.
    *   *Sense 2:* "attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates" (charm). This is the "quality of being appealing." Clearly not fitting a courtroom context involving typing and Twitter pointing.
    *   *Sense 3:* "(law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court..." This definition explicitly mentions "law", "legal proceeding", "court", and "judgment". This matches the context clues ("courtroom").
    *   *Sense 4:* "request for a sum of money" (solicitation). This is a fundraising appeal. Not fitting the courtroom context.

3.  **Compare Context and Senses:**
    *   The context mentions a "courtroom".
    *   The target "Appeal" is capitalized, suggesting it might be shorthand for "The Appeal [Case Name]" or referring to the specific legal process.
    *   Sense 3 is the only sense related to law and courts. The phrase "Cheshire Appeal" refers to the legal proceeding regarding Cheshire (likely a defendant or location involved in the case).

4.  **Conclusion:** The best fit is Sense 3. It captures the legal domain indicated by the word "courtroom" and refers to the formal legal process.

5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a specific JSON format: `{"sense_index": X}`. The index corresponding to the correct sense is 3.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: row
Target surface form: rows
Context:
Cheshire Appeal Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom <t>rows</t>. Minute by minute, they sent out reports of gruesome testimony via Twitter.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=row%1:14:00:: | definition=an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line | examples=a row of chairs
2. sense_key=row%1:10:00:: | definition=an angry dispute | synonyms=quarrel, wrangle, words, run-in, dustup | examples=they had a quarrel; they had words
3. sense_key=row%1:17:00:: | definition=a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally) | examples=a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds; rows of barbed wire protected the trenches
4. sense_key=row%1:06:00:: | definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | synonyms=course | examples=a course of bricks
5. sense_key=row%1:14:01:: | definition=a linear array of numbers, letters, or symbols side by side
6. sense_key=row%1:07:00:: | definition=a continuous chronological succession without an interruption | examples=they won the championship three years in a row
7. sense_key=row%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of rowing as a sport | synonyms=rowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The word is "rows", plural noun form of "row". The context is "There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Setting: A courtroom.
    *   Action: People typing away.
    *   Location: "in the courtroom rows".
    *   Meaning: In a courtroom, there are benches or seats arranged in lines for the audience, press, etc. People sit in these lines to observe or report.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1: "an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line" (e.g., a row of chairs).*
        *   Does this fit? Yes. Courtrooms have seating arranged in rows. The phrase "courtroom rows" implies the rows of seats/benches where people sit.
    *   *Sense 2: "an angry dispute" (e.g., quarrel).*
        *   Does this fit? No. "Typing away in the courtroom quarrels" makes no sense.
    *   *Sense 3: "a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally)" (e.g., rows of clouds).*
        *   Does this fit? This is usually for abstract strips or things like clouds/wire. While related to sense 1, sense 1 is more specific to the arrangement of objects (chairs/benches) found in a room. Sense 3 is less prototypical for seating arrangements in a building.
    *   *Sense 4: "(construction) a layer of masonry" (e.g., course of bricks).*
        *   Does this fit? No. People aren't typing inside a layer of bricks.
    *   *Sense 5: "a linear array of numbers, letters, or symbols side by side".*
        *   Does this fit? No, this is for data/matrices.
    *   *Sense 6: "a continuous chronological succession without an interruption" (e.g., three years in a row).*
        *   Does this fit? No. "In the courtroom succession" doesn't work.
    *   *Sense 7: "the act of rowing as a sport".*
        *   Does this fit? No.

4.  **Refine the Choice (Sense 1 vs. Sense 3):**
    *   Sense 1 refers to an arrangement of objects (chairs, people). In a courtroom, the "rows" refer to the rows of seats/benches where people sit.
    *   Sense 3 refers to a continuous strip. While rows of seats form lines, the primary reference here is to the grouping of seats/objects.
    *   Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "a row of chairs". This is very close to "courtroom rows" (rows of seats).
    *   Let's check the examples for Sense 3: "rows of clouds", "rows of barbed wire". These are continuous strips.
    *   "Courtroom rows" implies the lines of seating. People are sitting *in* the rows (arrangements of seats). This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1 is the correct definition for lines of seats or people in a courtroom setting.

6.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. The index is 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reports
Context:
Cheshire Appeal Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows. Minute by minute, they sent out <t>reports</t> of gruesome testimony via Twitter. In the end, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial that dealt with rape and children tied to their beds in a house that was set ablaze.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:**
    *   Target lemma: report
    *   Target surface form: reports (plural noun)
    *   Context: People typing in a courtroom, sending out minute-by-minute updates via Twitter regarding gruesome testimony.

2.  **Analyze the Contextual Meaning:**
    *   The sentence says: "Minute by minute, they sent out reports of gruesome testimony via Twitter."
    *   These "reports" are short updates sent via Twitter (tweets).
    *   They are happening "minute by minute".
    *   They describe current events/news (the trial testimony).
    *   They are verbal or written accounts of the news as it happens.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1:* "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: study, written report).
        *   Analysis: This implies a formal, usually lengthy document (like a scientific study or an official inquiry). Twitter updates are short, immediate, and not usually called a "study". While they are written, they aren't "findings" in the academic/formal sense of this definition.
        *   Verdict: Unlikely.

    *   *Sense 2:* "the act of informing by verbal report" (synonyms: account).
        *   Analysis: The definition emphasizes the *act* of informing. While the context involves the act of sending, the word "reports" refers to the content/messages themselves (countable noun), not the uncountable abstract act. The examples ("he heard reports that...") suggest rumor or hearsay, whereas the context is live reporting of news.
        *   Verdict: Possible, but the "news" aspect seems more relevant than the "verbal act" aspect.

    *   *Sense 3:* "a short account of the news" (synonyms: news report, story, account, write up).
        *   Analysis: This fits perfectly. Twitter updates are "short accounts". They are reporting on a trial, which is "news". The synonym "news report" aligns with the activity of courtroom reporting. The example "the report of his speech" aligns with "reports of gruesome testimony".
        *   Verdict: Best fit.

    *   *Sense 4:* "a sharp explosive sound".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.
        *   Verdict: Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 5:* "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant (school context).
        *   Verdict: Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 6:* "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant (school assignment).
        *   Verdict: Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 7:* "the general estimation that the public has for a person" (reputation).
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.
        *   Verdict: Incorrect.

4.  **Refine Choice between Sense 1, 2, and 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is for formal documents/studies.
    *   Sense 2 is often about the *act* or hearsay/rumors ("he heard reports...").
    *   Sense 3 is specifically about a "short account of the news". The context describes live journalism/blogging via Twitter. The tweets are "reports" in the journalistic sense (news reports).

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   Must be JSON: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: testimony
Target surface form: testimony
Context:
Cheshire Appeal Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows. Minute by minute, they sent out reports of gruesome <t>testimony</t> via Twitter. In the end, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial that dealt with rape and children tied to their beds in a house that was set ablaze.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=testimony%1:10:00:: | definition=a solemn statement made under oath
2. sense_key=testimony%1:10:01:: | definition=an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact | examples=according to his own testimony he can't do it
3. sense_key=testimony%1:10:02:: | definition=something that serves as evidence | synonyms=testimonial | examples=his effort was testimony to his devotion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `testimony`
    *   Context: "Cheshire Appeal Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows. Minute by minute, they sent out reports of gruesome <t>testimony</t> via Twitter. In the end, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial that dealt with rape and children tied to their beds in a house that was set ablaze."
    *   Key phrases: "courtroom", "trial", "gruesome", "sent out reports".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `testimony%1:10:00::` | Definition: "a solemn statement made under oath".
    *   Sense 2: `testimony%1:10:01::` | Definition: "an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact". Example: "according to his own testimony he can't do it".
    *   Sense 3: `testimony%1:10:02::` | Definition: "something that serves as evidence". Synonyms: "testimonial". Example: "his effort was testimony to his devotion".

3.  **Evaluate the fit of each sense against the context:**
    *   *Context situation:* People are in a courtroom reporting on a trial via Twitter. They are reporting on "gruesome testimony".
    *   *Sense 1 (solemn statement under oath):* In a courtroom/trial setting, testimony usually refers to the formal statements made by witnesses or parties under oath. The description "gruesome testimony" fits perfectly with the details of a crime being described by witnesses in court. The Twitter users are reporting on these formal statements.
    *   *Sense 2 (assertion offering firsthand authentication):* This is close to Sense 1 but usually implies a broader, perhaps less formal legal context, or a specific personal assertion ("his own testimony"). While courtroom testimony *is* an assertion, Sense 1 is the specific legal terminological definition for what happens in a trial. The context is explicitly legal ("courtroom", "trial", "defense").
    *   *Sense 3 (something that serves as evidence / testimonial):* This is the metaphorical or generalized sense (e.g., "this building is a testimony to his skill"). It does not fit a courtroom trial context where specific statements are being made.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   WordNet often distinguishes the legal "sworn statement" (Sense 1) from the general "affirmation/declaration" (Sense 2).
    *   The context highlights "courtroom", "trial", "defense". This is the specific domain of legal proceedings.
    *   In a trial, "testimony" is technically the sworn evidence given by a witness. Sense 1 ("a solemn statement made under oath") captures the legal definition most accurately.
    *   Sense 2's example ("according to his own testimony he can't do it") suggests a usage closer to personal admission or affirmation, often outside the strict "witness stand" procedure or highlighting the assertion aspect rather than the oath aspect. However, in the context of a trial reported on Twitter, the "gruesome testimony" refers to the official accounts of the crime given under oath. Therefore, Sense 1 is the primary legal sense.

5.  **Select the best index:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for testimony in a legal/courtroom context.

6.  **Format the output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: in_the_end
Target surface form: In the end
Context:
Cheshire Appeal Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows. Minute by minute, they sent out reports of gruesome testimony via Twitter. <t>In the end</t>, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial that dealt with rape and children tied to their beds in a house that was set ablaze. On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=in_the_end%4:02:02:: | definition=after a very lengthy period of time | synonyms=in the long run | examples=she will succeed in the long run
2. sense_key=in_the_end%4:02:00:: | definition=as the end result of a succession or process | synonyms=ultimately, finally, at last, at long last | examples=ultimately he had to give in; at long last the winter was over

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target phrase:** The target phrase is "In the end" (lemma: "in_the_end").
2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "In the end, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial..."
    *   The preceding context talks about reporters typing away minute by minute sending reports.
    *   The target sentence summarizes the result of this process: a total count of 140,000 messages.
    *   It describes the final outcome or aggregate result of the activity described earlier (reporting on the trial).
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `in_the_end%4:02:02::` | definition=after a very lengthy period of time | synonyms=in the long run | examples=she will succeed in the long run.
        *   This sense usually implies patience or a long duration before a result is achieved, often projecting into the future or summarizing a long timeline (e.g., "In the end, it doesn't matter"). It has a nuance of "ultimately" regarding time or finality.
    *   **Sense 2:** `in_the_end%4:02:00::` | definition=as the end result of a succession or process | synonyms=ultimately, finally, at last, at long last | examples=ultimately he had to give in; at long last the winter was over.
        *   This sense focuses on the result of a specific process or series of events. It aligns with "finally" or "ultimately" in the sense of a conclusion reached.
4.  **Evaluate Sense 1 vs. Sense 2:**
    *   Does "In the end" here mean "after a very lengthy period of time" (Sense 1)? The trial might have been lengthy, but the phrase here is summarizing the result of the tweeting process ("typing away... In the end... there were more than 140,000..."). It's summarizing the tally.
    *   Does it mean "as the end result of a succession or process" (Sense 2)? Yes. The succession/process is the "half a dozen of them typing away... Minute by minute". The result is the count of 140,000 messages.
    *   Comparing synonyms:
        *   Sense 1 synonyms: "in the long run". "In the long run, the defense says there were more than 140,000..." -> This sounds slightly off. "In the long run" usually refers to general trends or eventual success/failure over a long time.
        *   Sense 2 synonyms: "ultimately", "finally". "Ultimately/Finally, the defense says there were more than 140,000..." -> This fits perfectly. It marks the conclusion of the counting/reporting process mentioned.
5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 fits better because the context describes the culmination of the specific process of reporting (minute-by-minute updates) resulting in a final total. Sense 1 is more about duration and eventual outcome in a more abstract or future-oriented sense ("in the long run").
6.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Since Sense 2 is the correct one, the index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defense
Target surface form: defense
Context:
Cheshire Appeal Will Point to Twitter There were half a dozen of them typing away in the courtroom rows. Minute by minute, they sent out reports of gruesome testimony via Twitter. In the end, the <t>defense</t> says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial that dealt with rape and children tied to their beds in a house that was set ablaze. On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defense%1:04:00:: | definition=(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies | synonyms=defence, defensive measure | examples=they died in the defense of Stalingrad; they were developed for the defense program
2. sense_key=defense%1:04:03:: | definition=protection from harm | synonyms=defence | examples=sanitation is the best defense against disease
3. sense_key=defense%1:14:01:: | definition=(sports) the team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring | synonyms=defence, defending team | examples=his teams are always good on defense
4. sense_key=defense%1:10:00:: | definition=the justification for some act or belief | synonyms=defence, vindication | examples=he offered a persuasive defense of the theory
5. sense_key=defense%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires | synonyms=defense mechanism, defense reaction, defence mechanism, defence reaction, defence
6. sense_key=defense%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department responsible for safeguarding national security of the United States; created in 1947 | synonyms=Department of Defense, Defense Department, United States Department of Defense, DoD
7. sense_key=defense%1:14:00:: | definition=the defendant and his legal advisors collectively | synonyms=defence, defense team, defense lawyers | examples=the defense called for a mistrial
8. sense_key=defense%1:10:01:: | definition=the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions | synonyms=refutation, defence | examples=his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive; in defense he said the other man started it
9. sense_key=defense%1:14:03:: | definition=an organization of defenders that provides resistance against attack | synonyms=defence, defense force, defence force | examples=he joined the defense against invasion
10. sense_key=defense%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure used to defend against attack | synonyms=defensive structure, defence | examples=the artillery battered down the defenses
11. sense_key=defense%1:04:02:: | definition=a defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him | synonyms=defence, denial, demurrer | examples=he gave evidence for the defense
12. sense_key=defense%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of defending someone or something against attack or injury | synonyms=defence | examples=a good boxer needs a good defense; defense against hurricanes is an urgent problem

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
I need to determine the correct sense of "defense" in this context.

Let me analyze the context:
"In the end, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial..."

This is clearly about a legal trial context. The "defense" here refers to the legal team representing the defendant (Steven J. Hayes) in a criminal trial. The phrase "the defense says" indicates that this is referring to the defense lawyers or defense team making a statement.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Military defense - No, this is not about military matters.
2. Protection from harm - No, this is not about general protection.
3. Sports defense team - No, not about sports.
4. Justification for act or belief - No, not about justifying a theory.
5. Psychiatry defense mechanism - No, not about psychological defense.
6. Federal Department of Defense - No, not about the US government department.
7. **The defendant and his legal advisors collectively** - YES! This matches perfectly. The context shows "the defense says" in a trial context, referring to the defense team/lawyers.
8. Speech act of answering an attack - No, not about refuting assertions.
9. Organization of defenders - No, not about military resistance.
10. Defensive structure - No, not about physical structures.
11. Defendant's answer denying charges - Close, but this is more about the formal plea/response, not the team itself saying things.
12. Act of defending - No, not about the act of defending.

Sense 7 (defense%1:14:00::) is clearly the correct choice. The example "the defense called for a mistrial" is very similar to "the defense says" in our context - both refer to the defense team/lawyers in a legal proceeding acting or speaking.

The context makes it clear this is about a courtroom trial, and "the defense" refers to the legal team representing the defendant.

provider: Friendli