[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: higher
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "higher" in the context: "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder"

Let me analyze this:

- The context is discussing income levels and tax burden
- "Higher-income states" refers to states with greater income than normal/average
- This is about degree/amount/level of income

Now let me check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
   - This fits well - "higher-income" means income that is greater than normal/average in amount

2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension
   - This is about physical elevation (like mountains), not applicable here

3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position
   - This is about quality or position/status, not quite right for income levels

4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency
   - Not applicable

5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic
   - Not applicable

6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted
   - Not applicable

7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated
   - Not applicable

The correct sense is sense 1: "greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount" - this fits "higher-income" which means income at a greater amount than normal oraverage.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: states
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:**
    *   Lemma: state
    *   Surface form: states
    *   Context snippet: "...difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses US politics, specifically the House and Senate.
    *   It mentions "Senate election", "presidential and senatorial candidates", "federal government's tax burden".
    *   The specific phrase is "higher-income states".
    *   Senators represent states (e.g., Senator from California).
    *   "States conducting a Senate election" refers to the administrative districts (like California, Texas, New York) within the United States where an election is happening.

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `state%1:15:01::` | Definition: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" | Synonyms: province | Examples: "his state is in the deep south".
        *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. The US is a nation composed of constituent administrative districts (states). The context talks about Senate elections in specific states, tax burdens per state, and higher-income states. These are sub-national entities.

    *   **Sense 2:** `state%1:03:00::` | Definition: "the way something is with respect to its main attributes" | Examples: "state of health".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to condition/status. Not applicable to "higher-income states".

    *   **Sense 3:** `state%1:14:01::` | Definition: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state".
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to the government apparatus as an entity (e.g., "the State said..."). Here it refers to geographical/political subdivisions, not the abstract concept of the government or the state-as-actor.

    *   **Sense 4:** `state%1:14:00::` | Definition: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" | Synonyms: nation, country.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a sovereign state (like France, USA, Japan). While US states have governments, they are not sovereign nations. The context distinguishes between "federal government" and "states", implying the states are the constituent parts, not the nation itself. Sense 1 is more precise than Sense 4 for US states. Sense 4 usually equates to "country".

    *   **Sense 5:** `state%1:26:02::` | Definition: "state of matter" (solid, liquid, gas).
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `state%1:26:01::` | Definition: "a state of depression or agitation".
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 7:** `state%1:15:00::` | Definition: "the territory occupied by a nation" | Synonyms: country, land.
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 4. Refers to a sovereign nation's territory. The context refers to "states" as parts of a federation (USA), not independent nations.

    *   **Sense 8:** `state%1:14:02::` | Definition: "the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies".
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant.

4.  **Select the best match:**
    *   Sense 1 defines a constituent administrative district of a nation (like a state in the USA, Australia, etc.).
    *   The context explicitly mentions "states conducting a Senate election" and "federal government's tax burden is per state".
    *   This clearly refers to the political subdivisions of the United States (the nation mentioned implicitly or explicitly as the context of federal government/Senate).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: put
Target surface form: Put
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=put%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=set, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=put%2:35:05:: | definition=cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation | examples=That song put me in awful good humor; put your ideas in writing
3. sense_key=put%2:32:00:: | definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, cast, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
4. sense_key=put%2:34:00:: | definition=attribute or give | synonyms=assign | examples=She put too much emphasis on her the last statement; He put all his efforts into this job
5. sense_key=put%2:40:00:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, commit, place | examples=Put money into bonds
6. sense_key=put%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=place, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=put%2:39:13:: | definition=cause (someone) to undergo something | examples=He put her to the torture
8. sense_key=put%2:36:13:: | definition=adapt | examples=put these words to music
9. sense_key=put%2:31:00:: | definition=arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events | synonyms=arrange, set up, order | examples=arrange my schedule; set up one's life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Put" in the context "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president..."

Let me analyze this context. The phrase "Put more simply" is a common expression meaning "expressed more simply" or "stated more simply." The author is rephrasing or restating a complex idea in simpler terms.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. put into a certain place or abstract location - This doesn't fit. We're not placing something physically anywhere.

2. cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation - The examples show things like "put me in awful good humor" or "put your ideas in writing." This is about causing something to be in a certain state. "Put more simply" could potentially fit here as causing something (the explanation) to be in a simpler state, but let's check other options.

3. formulate in a particular style or language - The examples are "I wouldn't put it that way" and "She cast her request in very polite language." This sense is about expressing or stating something in a particular manner. "Put more simply" fits this perfectly - it's about expressing/formulating something in a simpler way.

4. attribute or give - This doesn't fit. We're not attributing something.

5. make an investment - Clearly not relevant.

6. estimate - Not relevant.

7. cause (someone) to undergo something - Not relevant.

8. adapt - Not relevant.

9. arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events - This is about arranging or organizing, not about expressing.

Sense 3 seems to be the best fit. "Put more simply" is an expression meaning "stated more simply" or "expressed more simply." The word "put" here is about formulating or expressing something in a particular style (in this case, a simpler style).

This matches the definition "formulate in a particular style or language" and the example "I wouldn't put it that way" shows that "put" is used to refer to how something is expressed or stated.

The answer should be sense_index 3.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target lemma is "candidate" (plural "candidates").
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses political science data, specifically regarding the House of Representatives, the Senate, and presidential elections.
    *   It mentions "Democratic House attendance rate", "Republican House attendance rate", "party hands", "incumbency advantages".
    *   The specific sentence containing the target is: "GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate..."
    *   This sentence explicitly mentions "GOP candidates for president" and "Republican candidates for the Senate".
    *   It is comparing people running for office.
3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a politician who is running for public office". Synonyms: campaigner, nominee.
        *   This fits the context of presidential and senatorial elections perfectly. The text talks about votes, voters, and ticket splitting. These are people actively running for election.
    *   **Sense 2:** "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)". Synonyms: prospect.
        *   This is a broader sense. It could apply to someone being vetted for a job or a potential candidate, but the context here specifies "candidates for president" and "candidates for the Senate" in the context of an election (votes, ticket splitting). Sense 1 is the specific hyponym of Sense 2 that applies to political elections.
4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context involves active elections ("popular votes", "ticket splitting").
    *   "GOP candidates for president" refers to the nominees or campaigners representing the GOP running for that office.
    *   Sense 1 is the specific definition for "a politician who is running for public office".
    *   Sense 2 is the general definition ("considered for something").
    *   In WordNet WSD, the specific sense usually takes precedence over the generic one if it fits.
    *   Context mentions "running for office" implicitly through "votes", "election", "presidential", "senatorial".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.
5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Since Sense 1 is the first listed, the index is 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "president" in the context:
"An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."

And more specifically: "GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate..."

The context is clearly discussing:
1. Federal government level politics
2. Republican presidential candidates
3. Comparison between presidential and senatorial candidates
4. The United States political system

This is clearly referring to the President of the United States - the head of state of the U.S. government. The text is comparing candidates running for president (the office) versus candidates running for Senate.

Let me check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: - an executive officer of a firm or corporation - No, this is about corporate presidents
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: - the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive - This seems to fit well!
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: - the chief executive of a republic - This is more general, could apply to any republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: - the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization - No, this is about organizational chairs
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: - the head administrative officer of a college or university - No, not about academia
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: - the office of the United States head of state - This refers to the OFFICE, not the person

The context is talking about "GOP candidates for president" - so it's referring to candidates running for the office/presidency. But the question is whether the sense refers to the person or the office.

Looking at the usage: "GOP candidates for <t>president</t>" - this seems to be referring to the office/position that candidates are running for. However, sense 6 (the office) has synset offset 1:04:04 which suggests it's a different category.

Actually, let me reconsider. When we say "candidates for president," we're typically talking about candidates for the office/position of president. But WordNet sense 2 (president%1:18:04::) refers to "the person who holds the office" - the incumbent, not the office itself.

Sense 6 (president%1:04:04::) refers to "the office of the United States head of state."

Hmm, but in common usage, "president" in "candidates for president" can refer to the role/position, not necessarily the specific person holding it.

Let me think more carefully. The sentence says "GOP candidates for <t>president</t>" - this is about running for the presidency, the office. But the word "president" here is being used to denote the position/role that candidates are seeking.

In WordNet hierarchy:
- 1:18:04 refers to a person
- 1:04:04 refers to a position/office

The phrase "candidates for president" suggests candidates for the office, so sense 6 might be more appropriate.

However, looking at the example for sense 6: "a President is elected every four years" - this uses "President" capitalized.

And sense 2's example: "the President likes to jog every morning" - also capitalized.

The target in context is lowercase "president" - "GOP candidates for president"

Given the context is clearly about U.S. presidential candidates and the U.S. political system, it's definitely either sense 2 or sense 6.

When we say "candidates for president," we're talking about the office/position. But in English, we often use the same word to refer to both the person and the office.

Looking at the synset structure:
- president%1:18:04:: is under the person hierarchy (1:18 is "person")
- president%1:04:04:: is under the group/position hierarchy (1:04 is "group")

The phrase "candidates for president" - "for president" suggests the office/position they're running for.

But wait, let me reconsider sense 3: "the chief executive of a republic" - this is also about a person, but more general than sense 2.

However, given the context explicitly mentions:
- Republican presidential candidates
- U.S. Senate
- Federal government
- U.S. political system

This is specifically about the U.S. President, not just any republic's president.

Between sense 2 (person) and sense 6 (office), the phrase "candidates for president" seems to be referring to the office/position, which would be sense 6.

Actually, let me reconsider once more. The phrase "candidates for president" could be parsed as:
- "candidates for [the office of] president" - referring to the office
- "candidates [running] for president" - where president is still the role/office

But when we talk about the word sense, we need to consider how "president" is being used. In "candidates for president," the word "president" denotes the position/office that candidates seek to hold.

Therefore, sense 6 seems more appropriate: "the office of the United States head of state"

Let me double-check:
- Context: U.S. federal politics, presidential candidates
- Usage: "candidates for president" - referring to the office/position
- Best match: sense 6 (the office of the United States head of state)

I'll go with sense 6.

Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet and similar lexical databases, sometimes the same surface form can denote either the person or the office depending on context. The key question is: in "candidates for president," is "president" referring to:
a) The person who is president (sense 2)
b) The office/position of president (sense 6)

"Candidates for X" where X is a position/role typically treats X as the role/office. For example:
- "candidates for mayor" - the office of mayor
- "candidates for chairman" - the role of chairman

So "candidates for president" should be understood as candidates running for the office/position of president, which is sense 6.

Actually, I need to be more careful. Let me look at this again.

WordNet sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government"
WordNet sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state"

In "candidates for president," the word "president" denotes the position/role they're running for - it's the office, not a specific person. It's like saying "candidates for the presidency."

So I believe sense 6 is the correct choice.

Hmm, but I'm second-guessing myself. Let me think about this differently.

In English, when we say "She's running for president," we can interpret "president" as:
1. The office/position of president
2. The role/title of president

Both interpretations essentially point to the same concept - the presidency, the highest office in the U.S. government.

In WordNet terms:
- If we interpret "president" as the position/role/office, it maps to sense 6 (1:04:04 - group/abstract category)
- If we interpret "president" as a person (who happens to hold that office), it maps to sense 2 (1:18:04 - person)

The phrase "candidates for president" - candidates are running FOR a position/office, not FOR a person. So the office interpretation makes more sense.

Therefore, I'll go with sense 6.

Actually, wait. I realize I should reconsider the WordNet sense structure more carefully.

Looking at the sense numbers:
- 1:18:04 - the first number (1) indicates noun, 18 indicates the lexicographer file (which is "person" in WordNet), and 04 is the sense number
- 1:04:04 - 1 is noun, 04 indicates the lexicographer file (which is "group" in WordNet), and 04 is the sense number

So yes, sense 2 (president%1:18:04::) is categorized under "person" and refers to the person.
Sense 6 (president%1:04:04::) is categorized under "group" and refers to the office.

Given that "candidates for president" refers to running for the office/position, sense 6 is the appropriate choice.

Final answer: sense 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_on
Target surface form: looked on
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_on%2:39:00:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=watch | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
2. sense_key=look_on%2:31:00:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form**:
    *   Lemma: `look_on`
    *   Surface form: `looked on`
    *   Context segment: "GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate..."

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The sentence compares how voters perceive GOP presidential candidates versus GOP Senate candidates.
    *   The phrase is "looked on more kindly".
    *   "Kindly" implies an attitude, judgment, or perception.
    *   The passive voice "are looked on... by voters" indicates that voters are the agents doing the "looking on".
    *   The meaning is about perception, opinion, or consideration, not physical watching.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 1**:
    *   Sense key: `look_on%2:39:00::`
    *   Definition: "observe with attention"
    *   Synonyms: "watch"
    *   Examples: "They watched as the murderer was executed"
    *   Evaluation: This refers to physically watching an event or being a spectator. "Voters are watching GOP candidates more kindly" doesn't fit the idiomatic usage here. "Kindly" modifies the perception/opinion, not the act of physical observation.

4.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 2**:
    *   Sense key: `look_on%2:31:00::`
    *   Definition: "look on as or consider"
    *   Synonyms: "think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be"
    *   Examples: "she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician"
    *   Evaluation: This fits perfectly. "Looked on more kindly" means "regarded with more favor" or "considered more kindly". The synonym "regard as" (or just "regard") aligns with the judgment implied by "kindly". The structure "look on [object] [adverb/adjective/prepositional phrase]" fits the "regard" meaning.

5.  **Compare and Decide**:
    *   Sense 1 is physical observation (spectator).
    *   Sense 2 is cognitive consideration (opinion/judgment).
    *   Context: "looked on more kindly by voters" refers to the voters' opinion or attitude toward the candidates.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

6.  **Format the Output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   **Sentence**: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
    *   **Surrounding Text**: The text discusses American politics, specifically the Democratic and Republican parties, House and Senate attendance, staffing decisions, and voting patterns (ticket splitting). It mentions "Democratic House", "Republican House", "GOP candidates", "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates".
    *   **Target**: The word "Republican" modifies "candidates for the Senate".
    *   **Semantic Role**: It is used as an adjective here (or a noun adjunct acting as an adjective) describing the political affiliation of the candidates.

2.  **Analyze the Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1** (`republican%3:01:01::`): "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party". Examples: "a Republican senator", "Republican party politics".
        *   This refers to the specific political party in the US (and potentially similar parties elsewhere).
    *   **Sense 2** (`republican%5:00:00:democratic:00`): "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives...". Examples: "a republican form of government", "a very republican notion".
        *   This refers to the political philosophy or system of government (a republic), often contrasted with monarchy or despotism. This is the lowercase 'r' republican (usually), though capitalized in WordNet sometimes if it's the head of a phrase.

3.  **Match Context to Sense**:
    *   The context is clearly about US partisan politics (Democrats vs. Republicans).
    *   The text explicitly contrasts "Democratic House" with "Republican House" and mentions "GOP candidates".
    *   The target phrase "Republican candidates for the Senate" refers to members of the Republican Party running for office.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party".
    *   Sense 2 is about political theory/systems of government (republicanism), which is not the meaning here. The text is not discussing whether the Senate candidates support a republican form of government, but rather their party affiliation.

4.  **Determine the Sense Index**:
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to the first option listed.
    *   The output format requires a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Since Sense 1 is the correct one, the index is 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "candidates" in the given passage.

The target word appears in this context: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

The context is discussing politicians running for public office - specifically, Republican candidates running for president and Senate positions. The passage is comparing how voters view presidential candidates versus Senate candidates.

Now let's consider the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

In this context, the word "candidates" clearly refers to politicians running for public office (president and Senate). This matches definition 1 perfectly. The passage is discussing electoral politics, voting behavior, and ticket splitting, all of which relate to the electoral process where people run for office.

The second definition is more general - someone considered for something (which could include appointments, honors, prizes, etc.). While presidential and Senate candidates could theoretically be considered for these positions without actively campaigning, the context clearly indicates they are running in elections (evidenced by references to "popular votes," "voters," and "ticket splitting").

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "candidates" in this context is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>."
    *   Key phrase: "prisoner's sentence".
    *   Subject: A sentence (legal punishment).
    *   Attribute: "severe".
    *   Comparison: "more severe".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" (synonyms: terrible, wicked). Examples: severe pain, severe case of flu.
    *   Sense 2: "very strong or vigorous" (synonyms: hard, knockout). Examples: strong winds, hard left.
    *   Sense 3: "severely simple" (synonyms: austere, stark). Examples: stark interior.
    *   Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" (synonyms: spartan). Examples: parent severe to the pitch of hostility.
    *   Sense 5: "causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm" (synonyms: dangerous, grave). Examples: dangerous operation.
    *   Sense 6: "very bad in degree or extent" (examples: severe worldwide depression, severe damage).

3.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The target describes a "sentence" (punishment).
    *   Does it mean "unpleasant" (Sense 1)? Yes, prison is unpleasant, but "severe sentence" usually refers to the harshness or length of the punishment.
    *   Does it mean "strong/vigorous" (Sense 2)? Not really applicable to a legal sentence in this specific sense ("knockout"?).
    *   Does it mean "simple" (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Does it mean "unsparing... in discipline or judgment" (Sense 4)? This is close. A sentence is a form of judgment/discipline. However, WordNet often separates the quality of the punishment (harshness) under a different sense than the personality trait of being strict. Let's look closer at the definition "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A *sentence* is the result of judgment. If a sentence is severe, it is harsh, strict, unsparing.
    *   Does it mean "causing fear... threatening great harm" (Sense 5)? A severe sentence is serious, but usually, we describe the sentence itself as "harsh" or "strict" rather than just "dangerous".
    *   Does it mean "very bad in degree or extent" (Sense 6)? This is a generic "severe damage/depression". A severe sentence is a long/harsh sentence.

4.  **Re-evaluating Sense 4 vs Sense 1/6:**
    *   Let's check WordNet (mentally or via known mappings).
    *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1, the adjective "severe" has several senses.
    *   One sense relates to "stern, strict, harsh" (often associated with discipline).
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 definition provided: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A sentence is an act of judgment/discipline. A "severe sentence" fits the "unsparing" description well. It implies strictness and lack of leniency.
    *   Sense 1 ("intensely or extremely bad...") covers things like pain or weather.
    *   Sense 6 ("very bad in degree...") covers damage or depression.
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "discipline or judgment". A legal sentence falls squarely under the domain of "judgment" and "discipline".
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 seems the most precise fit for a legal punishment where "severe" implies harshness, strictness, or lack of mercy.

    *   *Self-Correction/Verification:* Let's look at standard dictionary definitions for "severe sentence". It means a harsh or strict punishment.
    *   Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment".
        *   Does a "severe sentence" fit this? Yes. It is a judgment that is unsparing.
    *   Is there a sense for "harsh"? Sense 4's synonyms are "spartan" (often used for living conditions or discipline).
    *   Let's check Sense 5 synonyms: "grave, grievous, serious". A severe sentence is serious, but "severe" regarding rules/punishment usually maps to "strict/harsh".
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Severe -> strict -> unpermissive.
        *   Severe -> bad -> intense.
    *   Sense 4 is the one linked to "discipline or judgment". Since a sentence is a result of judgment, this is the specific sense intended.

    *   Wait, let me check if WordNet treats "severe sentence" under the "intense/bad" sense (1 or 6) or the "strict" sense (4).
    *   Sense 4 examples: "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility", "a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien". These examples describe *people* or *demeanor*. The definition mentions "discipline or judgment".
    *   Can an inanimate thing (a sentence) be described by Sense 4? Yes, if it represents an act of judgment.
    *   Let's consider Sense 1 or 6. Is a severe sentence just "very bad" (6)? Or "extremely unpleasant" (1)? While true, the specific collocation "severe sentence" invokes the legal concept of severity = harshness/strictness.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms provided in the prompt again.
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: terrible, wicked.
    *   Sense 6 synonyms: (none listed in prompt, but "very bad in degree").
    *   Sense 4 synonyms: spartan. "Spartan" fits the idea of harsh discipline.

    *   Let's look for a "harsh" sense. Often "severe" means harsh.
    *   In WordNet 3.0:
        *   1. severe -- (intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality; "severe pain"; "a severe case of flu"; "a severe headache"; "a severe heart attack")
        *   2. severe -- (very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a knockout punch")
        *   3. austere, severe, stark, stern -- (severely simple; "a stark interior")
        *   4. severe, spartan -- (unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility"- H.G.Wells; "a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien")
        *   5. dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, severe, life-threatening -- (causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm; "a dangerous operation"; "a grave situation"; "a grave illness"; "grievous bodily harm")
        *   6. severe -- (very bad in degree or extent; "a severe worldwide depression"; "the house suffered severe damage")

    *   The prompt provides indexed senses matching this list.
    *   The phrase is "severe sentence".
    *   A sentence is a judgment.
    *   Sense 4 explicitly mentions "judgment". "unsparing ... in ... judgment".
    *   This is the strongest link. "Severe" in the context of legal punishment means harsh or strict, which aligns with "unsparing in judgment".
    *   Sense 5 (grave/serious) is close, but usually "severe sentence" refers to the length/harshness (the strictness), not just the "gravity" of the situation. One wouldn't usually say a sentence is "dangerous" or "life-threatening" in the sense of Sense 5 (though prison is dangerous, the sentence itself is the judgment). The sentence is "unsparing".
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the correct choice. It captures the "harsh/strict" aspect relative to the domain of judgment.

    *   Let's double check Sense 1. "Unpleasant". A severe sentence is unpleasant. But "severe" here implies a specific type of unpleasantness: harshness/strictness derived from authority. Sense 1 is more for physical sensations (pain) or diseases (flu).
    *   Let's double check Sense 6. "Bad in degree". "Severe damage". Again, refers to magnitude of damage. A sentence has magnitude, but "severe sentence" is a fixed expression mapping to strictness/harshness.
    *   The definition "unsparing ... in ... judgment" fits perfectly.

    Decision: Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "appears" in the provided context.
The sentence is: "Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

Let's analyze the context and the candidate senses.

Target word: "appears" (lemma: appear).
Context usage: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern..."
Structure: [Subject] appears to [Verb Phrase].
Meaning: The phenomenon of ticket splitting seems/looks to have a specific pattern. It's about impression, probability, or seeming to be true. It's not about physical sight (coming into view), publication, coming into existence, acting on stage, or legal appearance.

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **sense_index: 1** | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem.
    *   This sense fits "seem" or "look". The sentence says "ticket splitting appears to take...". This suggests an impression or an observation based on analysis. The construction "appears to [verb]" is very common for this sense.

2. **sense_index: 2** | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding...
    *   This is physical visibility. Ticket splitting is an abstract concept/pattern, not a physical object popping into view.

3. **sense_index: 3** | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?
    *   Not relevant. Ticket splitting is not a publication.

4. **sense_index: 4** | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad.
    *   This sense is very similar to sense 1. Let's distinguish them.
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect". Often used with "to be [adjective]" or "to [verb]". Examples: "This appears to be a very difficult problem."
    *   Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent". Often used with "that" clauses or infinitives regarding facts. Examples: "It appears that the weather..."
    *   The sentence is "ticket splitting appears to take..."
    *   Is it sense 1 (impression/outward aspect) or sense 4 (seem to be true/probable)?
    *   Usually, WordNet distinguishes between "look/seem" (impression) and "seem to be true" (probability/inference).
    *   Context: The author is analyzing data. "An examination... reveals...". The sentence in question draws a conclusion from the analysis. "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern..."
    *   This implies that based on the evidence, it seems to be the case. It fits the "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" definition.
    *   However, let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 4.
    *   Sense 1 examples: "She seems to be sleeping", "This appears to be a very difficult problem". (Subjective impression or outward look).
    *   Sense 4 examples: "It seems that he is very gifted", "It appears that the weather in California is very bad". (Assessment of truth/probability).
    *   In "ticket splitting appears to take...", the subject is an abstract phenomenon. It is a deduction/assessment based on evidence presented in the text. The author is saying "based on the data, this seems to be the case."
    *   This leans towards Sense 4. It is a judgment about the reality/truth of the pattern based on evidence.
    *   Let's check the syntactic frames.
    *   Sense 1 is often "X looks Y" or "X seems to be Y".
    *   Sense 4 is often "It appears that..." or "X seems to [verb]". Wait, the example for Sense 4 is "It seems that he is very gifted".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1's definition again: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect". "Ticket splitting" doesn't really have an "outward aspect" in a physical sense, but it can have an impression in a metaphorical sense.
    *   Let's look at Sense 4's definition again: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
    *   Is there a clear distinction?
    *   Often, the distinction in WordNet 3.0 for "appear" is:
        *   39:00 (Sense 1 in this list) -> look, seem. "She seems to be sleeping."
        *   39:01 (Sense 4 in this list) -> seem. "It appears that..."
    *   Actually, looking at the examples provided in the prompt:
        *   Sense 1: "This appears to be a very difficult problem." (Similar structure: Subject appears to be X).
        *   Sense 4: "It appears that the weather..." (Structure: It appears that clause).
    *   The target sentence is "ticket splitting appears to take..." (Subject appears to verb). This structure aligns closer to Sense 1's example "This appears to be a very difficult problem" (Subject appears to be X).
    *   However, the meaning is "seem to be true".
    *   Let's check standard dictionaries or WSD conventions.
    *   WordNet 3.0:
        *   appear%2:39:00:: (Sense 1 in list): "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect; "She seems to be sleeping"; "This appears to be a very difficult problem"; "She appears to be quite pretty" -> Uses infinitive.
        *   appear%2:39:01:: (Sense 4 in list): "seem to be true, probable, or apparent; "It seems that he is very gifted"; "It appears that the weather in California is very bad" -> Uses "It seems/appears that".
    *   The target sentence uses the infinitive "to take", not a "that" clause.
    *   While the *meaning* is about truth/probability (finding a pattern), the *syntactic frame* [Subject] appears to [Verb] matches Sense 1 better than Sense 4 (which usually frames as "It appears that...").
    *   Let's re-read the definitions carefully.
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression". "Ticket splitting appears to take..." -> It gives the impression that it takes... ?
    *   Sense 4: "seem to be true...". "Ticket splitting appears to take..." -> It seems to be true that ticket splitting takes... ?
    *   The distinction is subtle. In academic writing, "X appears to Y" usually means "The evidence suggests X Ys". This is inference (Sense 4).
    *   However, Sense 1 covers "seem".
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "This appears to be a very difficult problem." This is an inference/opinion.
    *   Sense 4: "It appears that..."
    *   Often, WSD systems map [Subject] [seem/appear] to [to infinitive] to the "seem/look" sense (Sense 1). The "It appears that" construction is mapped to the "seem to be true" sense (Sense 4).
    *   The target is "ticket splitting appears to take".
    *   This matches the syntactic pattern of Sense 1 ("This appears to be...").
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit structurally, even though the semantic difference is minimal.

Let's double check.
Sense 1 (appear%2:39:00): look, seem. Definition: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect".
Sense 4 (appear%2:39:01): seem. Definition: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".

Usage in text: "ticket splitting appears to take..."
Meaning: It seems that ticket splitting takes...
Is it an "outward aspect"? Not really, it's an abstract process.
Is it "seem to be true"? Yes, the author is arguing based on evidence.
However, WordNet distinctions often rely on the syntactic patterns provided in the examples.
Sense 1 Example: "This appears to be a very difficult problem." -> matches "ticket splitting appears to take...".
Sense 4 Example: "It appears that the weather..." -> does not match.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended index because the sentence structure matches the examples provided for Sense 1 (Subject + appear + infinitive), whereas Sense 4 typically exemplifies the "It appears that..." structure.

Wait, let me reconsider if "outward aspect" is required for Sense 1.
"She seems to be sleeping" - outward aspect.
"She appears to be quite pretty" - outward aspect.
"This appears to be a very difficult problem" - judgment/inference.
"Ticket splitting appears to take..." - judgment/inference.

Both Sense 1 and 4 are very close (synonyms are "look, seem" vs "seem").
But if I must choose:
Sense 1 includes "seem". Sense 4 includes "seem".
Sense 1 examples: [NP] appears to [VP].
Sense 4 examples: It appears that [Clause].

The target sentence uses the [NP] appears to [VP] structure.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice based on the provided examples/glosses mapping.

Let's verify the sense numbers.
1. appear%2:39:00:: (Sense 1)
4. appear%2:39:01:: (Sense 4)

I will select Sense 1.

Reasoning recap:
- The context "ticket splitting appears to take..." uses "appear" to mean "seem" or "give the impression".
- Syntactically, it follows the pattern [Subject] appears [to-infinitive].
- Sense 1 examples: "She seems to be sleeping", "This appears to be a very difficult problem". This matches the syntactic frame and the meaning of "seeming/giving an impression".
- Sense 4 examples: "It appears that...". While semantically close (probability), the syntactic frame "It appears that..." differs from the target "ticket splitting appears to...". Sense 4 is typically reserved for the "It appears/appears that" construction in WordNet sense inventories (senses are often split by subcategorization frames).
- Thus, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Output format requires a JSON object {"sense_index": X}.
The index for "appear%2:39:00::" is 1.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: take
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to <t>take</t> the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "take" in the sentence:
"Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

Let me analyze this context. The sentence is saying that ticket splitting (a political phenomenon) appears to have/follow/adopt the same pattern at the state level as at the federal level.

The phrase "take a pattern" means to assume, adopt, or exhibit a particular form, shape, or characteristic.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
   - This doesn't fit well. We're not talking about carrying out an action.

2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up
   - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about time or space requirements.

3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide
   - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about physical movement.

4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically
   - This doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
   - This fits very well! "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" means ticket splitting appears to assume/adopt/follow the same pattern. The examples "His voice took on a sad tone" and "The story took a new turn" are similar in structure to our sentence.

6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way
   - This doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
   - This doesn't fit.

8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession
   - This doesn't fit.

9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation
   - This doesn't fit.

10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives
    - This doesn't fit.

11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered
    - This doesn't fit.

12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy
    - This is close, but it's specifically about positions or roles, not patterns.

13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes
    - This doesn't fit.

14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper
    - This doesn't fit.

15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to
    - This doesn't fit.

And the rest don't seem to fit either.

Sense 5 (sense_key=take%2:30:01::) with definition "take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect" and synonyms "assume, acquire, adopt, take on" is the best match. The examples "His voice took on a sad tone" and "The story took a new turn" show the same structure - something taking on a particular form or characteristic.

The sentence is saying that ticket splitting exhibits/assumes/follows the same peculiar pattern at different levels of government. This matches the sense of "take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect."

So my answer is sense_index: 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** same
    *   **Target Surface Form:** same
    *   **Context Sentence:** "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
    *   **Full Context:** The text discusses political trends (attendance rates, staffing allocations, voting patterns) comparing Democrats and Republicans, House vs. Senate, and federal vs. state levels. The specific sentence compares "ticket splitting" patterns at the state level vs. the federal level.
    *   **Phrase:** "...take the same peculiar pattern..."

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (same%3:00:02::):**
        *   Definition: same in identity.
        *   Examples: "the same man I saw yesterday", "never wore the same dress twice".
        *   Analysis: This refers to numerically identical entities. The pattern at the state level is *not* the exact identical entity as the pattern at the federal level (one is a pattern in state politics, one is in federal politics). They are distinct instances that resemble each other. So, this sense is unlikely.

    *   **Sense 2 (same%3:00:00::):**
        *   Definition: closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree.
        *   Examples: "curtains the same color as the walls", "two girls of the same age".
        *   Analysis: This refers to distinct entities sharing a quality or type. The "pattern" at the state level is similar/comparable in kind to the pattern at the federal level. It is the same *kind* of pattern ("peculiar pattern"). This fits well.

    *   **Sense 3 (same%3:00:04::):**
        *   Definition: equal in amount or value.
        *   Synonyms: like.
        *   Examples: "like amounts", "equivalent amounts".
        *   Analysis: This is usually about quantitative equality. While the patterns might be similar, "equal in amount" isn't the primary driver here; it's about the structural similarity of the pattern (Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature vs the reverse). It's more about quality/kind than numerical value.

    *   **Sense 4 (same%5:00:00:unchanged:00):**
        *   Definition: unchanged in character or nature.
        *   Examples: "the village stayed the same", "his attitude is the same as ever".
        *   Analysis: This refers to persistence over time for a single entity. The context is comparing two different entities (state level vs federal level), not one entity staying unchanged over time.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 vs. Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is identity ($a = b$).
    *   Sense 2 is qualitative similarity/comparability ($a \approx b$ in kind/type).
    *   The text says ticket splitting takes the "same peculiar pattern".
    *   Is it the *exact identical* pattern? No, one is at the state level, one at the federal level. They are two separate instances of political behavior.
    *   Are they "closely similar or comparable in kind"? Yes. The text explains the pattern (split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines) exists in both places.
    *   Example alignment: "two girls of the same age" (two distinct entities, same attribute). Here: "state pattern" and "federal pattern" (two distinct entities, same attribute/structure).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Sentence: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
    *   Substitution: "ticket splitting appears to take the [closely similar or comparable in kind] peculiar pattern..."
    *   This fits the usage perfectly. The pattern is of the same kind.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   Selected sense index: 2.

provider: Baidu