[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deals`
    *   Context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday."
    *   Contextual clues: "Oil Ministry", "foreign oil companies", "attract major oil companies", "auctions". This is clearly a business/commercial negotiation context. The Iraqi Ministry is reaching agreements with companies.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (deal%1:04:02::):** Definition: "a particular instance of buying or selling". Synonyms: "trade, business deal". Examples: "it was a package deal".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a transaction. While oil deals involve buying/selling rights, the context emphasizes the *agreement* reached after an auction. "Business deal" is a strong synonym here.

    *   **Sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::):** Definition: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each". Synonyms: "bargain". Examples: "he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals".
        *   *Analysis:* This definition fits very well. The Ministry "reaches deals" with companies. This implies an agreement fixing obligations (rebuilding infrastructure, extracting oil). The example "shady deals" and synonym "bargain" fit the concept of a negotiated agreement.

    *   **Sense 3 (deal%1:23:00::):** Definition: "(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent". Synonyms: "batch, flock..."
        *   *Analysis:* The context mentions "deals" (plural) with 10 companies. It doesn't mean "a large amount of". This is a quantifier sense. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4 (deal%1:27:00::):** Definition: "a plank of softwood".
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant to oil companies and auctions.

    *   **Sense 5 (deal%1:27:01::):** Definition: "wood that is easy to saw".
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6 (deal%1:14:00::):** Definition: "the cards held in a card game".
        *   *Analysis:* Metaphorical usage possible ("hand dealt"), but the text is literal business reporting.

    *   **Sense 7 (deal%1:11:00::):** Definition: "the type of treatment received".
        *   *Analysis:* "He got a good deal". Not the case here. Here they are *reaching* deals, not receiving treatment.

    *   **Sense 8 (deal%1:04:00::):** Definition: "the act of distributing playing cards".
        *   *Analysis:* Card game sense. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 9 (deal%1:04:01::):** Definition: "the act of apportioning or distributing something".
        *   *Analysis:* Distributing provisions. Incorrect. The Ministry is not distributing cards or rations; they are making contracts.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling" (business deal/trade).
    *   Sense 2 is "an agreement between parties... fixing obligations" (bargain).
    *   The context says "reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies". This emphasizes the *agreement* aspect resulting from the auctions.
    *   WordNet often separates "business deal" (Sense 1) from "agreement/bargain" (Sense 2).
    *   Let's look at the hypernym hierarchy (mentally). Usually, in business news, "deal" refers to a contract or agreement.
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: "trade, business deal".
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: "bargain".
    *   The phrase "reach a deal" strongly implies concluding a negotiation/agreement. This aligns perfectly with Sense 2 ("agreement between parties... fixing obligations").
    *   However, Sense 1 is explicitly "business deal". In many WSD frameworks, "business deal" covers contracts. Let's look closer at the definitions.
    *   Sense 1: "instance of buying or selling". Is a contract to rebuild infrastructure strictly buying or selling? It's a service contract or concession.
    *   Sense 2: "agreement between parties ... fixing obligations". This is broader and fits "rebuilding infrastructure" and "auctions" (negotiation process) perfectly.
    *   Let's check the mapping in standard WordNet 3.0 or 3.1.
    *   WordNet 3.0:
        *   deal%1:04:02:: -> specific commercial transaction (buying/selling).
        *   deal%1:10:00:: -> agreement (bargain).
    *   Context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals...".
    *   Which is better? "Reaching an agreement" (Sense 2) seems more semantically precise for the act of concluding the negotiation than Sense 1, which focuses on the transaction instance itself. However, in common usage, "oil deals" are often cited as business deals.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "shady deals". Sense 1: "package deal".
    *   "Reach a deal" collocates strongly with "agreement".
    *   "Make a deal" collocates strongly with "agreement".
    *   Let's look at the wording again. "Reaches deals". You reach an agreement. You don't typically "reach an instance of buying or selling" in the same way linguistically, though you close a deal (transaction).
    *   Sense 2's definition "agreement between parties... fixing obligations" captures the legal/contractual nature of Oil Ministry agreements with foreign companies better than Sense 1's "buying or selling".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the superior choice.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the indexing.
    *   Sense 1: `deal%1:04:02::` (buying/selling)
    *   Sense 2: `deal%1:10:00::` (agreement)
    *   The context involves auctions and rebuilding infrastructure. This is a negotiation resulting in an agreement. Sense 2 defines this perfectly ("fixing obligations of each").

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. Often, "business deal" is a specific synset. In some versions of WordNet, `deal%1:04:02::` is "business deal, trade". If the sentence was "The deal was worth millions", it might lean toward the transaction (Sense 1). But the sentence is about the *reaching* of the arrangement. "Reaches deals" = "Reaches agreements".
    *   Let's check the definition of Sense 2 again. "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each". "Arrived at after discussion" matches "auctions" and "reaches".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "a particular instance of buying or selling". While true that it is a business transaction, Sense 2 explains the *nature* of the "deal" mentioned (the agreement reached).
    *   In WSD tasks, the "agreement" sense is usually distinguished from the "transaction" sense. "Reaching" a deal selects for the agreement sense.

    *   Let's confirm the index number.
    *   1: buy/sell
    *   2: agreement
    *   ...
    *   I am selecting Sense 2.

    Let me double-check if Sense 1 is intended to cover general business contracts.
    Synonyms for 1: trade, business deal.
    Synonyms for 2: bargain.
    "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches bargains..." - sounds slightly archaic but accurate in meaning.
    "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches business deals..." - sounds very natural.
    However, looking at the gloss:
    Sense 1 gloss: "a particular instance of buying or selling".
    Sense 2 gloss: "an agreement between parties ... fixing obligations".
    The gloss of Sense 2 fits the mechanism of an oil contract (agreement on obligations) better than Sense 1, which implies the exchange event of buying/selling. The "deal" here is the contract itself.
    Standard WSD intuition: "reach a deal" -> agreement sense.

    Let's look at sense 1's example: "it was a package deal". This implies the structure of the transaction.
    Sense 2's example: "he made a bargain... series of shady deals". This implies the pact/agreement.
    "Reaches deals" is synonymous with "concludes agreements".
    I will stick with Sense 2.

provider: Phala


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concerns
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "concern"
    *   Target surface form: "concerns" (plural noun)
    *   Context sentence: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite **concerns** about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."

2.  **Analyze the meaning in context:**
    *   The sentence talks about oil companies making deals in Iraq.
    *   The phrase is "Despite concerns about violence and political instability".
    *   "Violence and political instability" are negative conditions.
    *   The word "Despite" suggests that these "concerns" are reasons *not* to make deals, or obstacles/fears that had to be overcome.
    *   The oil companies or the government feels these "concerns".
    *   Meaning: Worries, anxieties, or feelings of apprehension regarding the safety or success of the endeavor.

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `sense_key=concern%1:09:00::` | definition="something that interests you because it is important or affects you"
        *   Example: "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern"
        *   Fit: While violence affects them, the usage "Despite concerns about..." implies a negative emotion or a specific worry hindering action, rather than just a general topic of interest. It's close, but "Despite concerns" usually implies anxiety/worry.

    *   **Sense 2:** `sense_key=concern%1:12:01::` | definition="an anxious feeling" | synonyms="care, fear"
        *   Example: "care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction"
        *   Fit: This fits the "Despite..." structure. "Despite [anxious feelings] about violence...". The companies were worried/anxious about the violence. This is a strong candidate.

    *   **Sense 3:** `sense_key=concern%1:12:00::` | definition="a feeling of sympathy for someone or something"
        *   Example: "She felt strong concern for those less fortunate"
        *   Fit: No, this is about sympathy/empathy. The context is business risk and safety, not sympathy for Iraq.

    *   **Sense 4:** `sense_key=concern%1:09:01::` | definition="something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" | synonyms="worry, headache, vexation"
        *   Example: "New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry"
        *   Fit: This sense refers to the *source* of the anxiety (the violence itself could be the concern), or the state of being a worry. In the context "Despite concerns about violence", "concerns" acts as the feeling *about* the violence, or the specific points of worry.
        *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 4 carefully.
        *   Sense 2 is "an anxious feeling".
        *   Sense 4 is "something or someone that causes anxiety".
        *   The phrase is "concerns about violence".
        *   If I say "I have a concern about X", is it the feeling or the matter?
        *   WordNet structure:
            *   1:09:00 is "something that interests you" (Topic/Matter).
            *   1:09:01 is "something that causes anxiety" (Worrying thing).
            *   1:12:01 is "an anxious feeling" (Emotion).
        *   Let's look at the context again. "Despite concerns about violence".
        *   Does it mean "Despite the anxious feelings"? Or "Despite the specific worrying matters/issues"?
        *   Usually, "raising concerns" or "amid concerns" or "despite concerns" refers to the *issues* or *worries* as entities/topics. However, the definition for Sense 2 ("an anxious feeling") fits the psychological state. The definition for Sense 4 ("something that causes anxiety") fits the subject matter (violence is a concern).
        *   Let's look at the examples.
            *   Sense 2 example: "hushed it up out of fear". This is purely emotional motivation.
            *   Sense 4 example: "New York traffic is a constant concern". Here, traffic is the *thing* causing the worry.
        *   The text says "concerns *about* violence".
        *   If I say "Traffic is a concern" (Sense 4).
        *   If I say "I have concerns about traffic" -> This implies I have worries (Sense 2 feelings) regarding traffic, or the potential traffic problems are sources of worry (Sense 4).
        *   Let's check the synonym "worry" for Sense 4. "He has worries about money" vs "Money is a worry".
        *   Often, "concerns" in the plural (as seen here) aligns with specific points of worry or matters of interest/anxiety.
        *   WordNet 3.1 (or similar versions) often distinguishes between the "feeling" (noun state) and the "cause" (noun object).
        *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "something that interests you because it is important or affects you". This is often used for "That is no concern of yours".
        *   Let's look at the specific phrasing: "Despite concerns about..."
        *   Common usage: "There were concerns about safety." This usually means there were *worries* (feelings) expressed or held by people. Or it means "safety issues" were matters of concern.
        *   Let's look at the Synonyms for Sense 4: "worry, headache, vexation".
        *   Let's look at the Synonyms for Sense 2: "care, fear".
        *   In news reports, "concerns about X" usually refers to the state of anxiety or the specific worries held by observers.
        *   However, Sense 2 ("an anxious feeling") is a mass noun or singular feeling usually. "A concern". Sense 4 ("a source of unhappiness") allows for countable "concerns".
        *   Let's check WordNet counts or typical usage for plural "concerns".
        *   "He has many concerns." usually maps to Sense 4 (worries/matters causing anxiety).
        *   Example for Sense 2 is "care had aged him". "Care" here is a mass noun (emotion). Example: "out of fear". Mass noun.
        *   Example for Sense 4: "Traffic is a constant concern". Countable.
        *   The target word is plural: "concerns". This suggests Sense 4 is a better structural fit than Sense 2 (which tends to be mass/abstract feeling), although "concerns" can certainly be plural feelings (worries).
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 1: "something that interests you...". "The safety of the ship is the captain's concern." Here "concern" = responsibility/matter of interest.
        *   "Despite concerns about violence". Does it mean "Despite matters of interest"? No, it implies fear/worry.
        *   So it's between Sense 2 (Feeling) and Sense 4 (Cause of feeling/Matter of worry).
        *   In "concerns about X", "concerns" refers to the specific apprehensions or the troubled thoughts. It acts as a synonym for "worries".
        *   Is "worry" the feeling or the thing? "He has a worry" (He has an anxious thought). "Money is a worry" (Money causes anxiety).
        *   Sense 4 definition: "something or someone that causes anxiety".
        *   If I have "concerns about violence", the violence is the cause. My "concern" is the internal state/thought.
        *   Wait, if Sense 4 is defined as "something ... that causes anxiety", then the "concern" in "concerns about violence" is *not* the violence itself. The violence is the object of the preposition "about".
        *   Structure: [Concern] about [Violence].
        *   If Sense 4 = "Thing that causes anxiety", then the sentence reads "Despite [things that cause anxiety] about violence". This is redundant or syntactically awkward. "Violence is the concern" works for Sense 4. "I have a concern about violence" -> My worry is the concern.
        *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "an anxious feeling".
        *   "Despite [anxious feelings] about violence". This makes semantic sense.
        *   However, usually, Sense 2 is reserved for the abstract mass noun "concern" (like "deep concern"). When it is plural "concerns", it often denotes specific instances of worry.
        *   Let's look at WordNet mapping conventions for "concerns" (plural).
        *   Often, the plural "concerns" maps to Sense 1 (matters of interest) or Sense 4 (worries).
        *   Example Sense 4: "New York traffic is a constant concern".
        *   Example Sense 2: "care had aged him".
        *   If I say "I voiced my concerns", I voiced my worries. Are worries feelings or topics? They are expressions of anxiety.
        *   Let's check Sense 1 again. "Something that interests you because it is important...". Often used for "His concerns are..." (topics he cares about).
        *   But here, the context is explicitly negative ("violence", "instability").
        *   If I look at the Sense 4 definition: "a source of unhappiness". Synonyms: "worry".
        *   If I say "I have worries", "worries" are the feelings.
        *   Let's try to disambiguate based on "Despite".
        *   "Despite [worries] about violence". This works perfectly.
        *   "Despite [sources of unhappiness] about violence". This doesn't work well. The source of unhappiness *is* the violence.
        *   Therefore, Sense 4 (Source of anxiety) doesn't fit the prepositional phrase "Concern *about* X" as well as Sense 2 (Feeling *about* X).
        *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 4 definition: "something or someone that causes anxiety". If the concern is the *cause*, then "Concern about X" implies "The cause is about X". No, that's wrong syntax.
        *   If the word means "worry" (the feeling/state of mind), then "Worry about X" is correct.
        *   Let's check the Sense 2 synonyms: "care, fear".
        *   Let's check the Sense 4 synonyms: "worry, headache, vexation".
        *   "Worry" can mean both the feeling ("He felt worry") and the cause ("Money is a worry").
        *   In the phrase "concerns about...", "concerns" behaves like "worries" (the plural noun denoting the state of being worried or specific anxious thoughts).
        *   Is there a sense for "worries"?
        *   WordNet often puts "worry" as a synonym for Sense 4.
        *   Let's check a standard NLP resource behavior (like Senseval/SEMEVAL data).
        *   Context: "Despite concerns about violence..." -> The oil companies are worried.
        *   Sense 1: "something that interests you". (Neutral).
        *   Sense 2: "an anxious feeling".
        *   Sense 4: "something that causes anxiety".
        *   If Sense 4 is the cause, the syntax doesn't align. "Violence is the concern". This is Sense 4.
        *   "I have a concern about violence". This is NOT Sense 4 (because violence is the cause, the concern is the result/feeling).
        *   Wait. Sense 4 is "something ... that causes anxiety".
            *   Example: "New York traffic is a constant concern".
            *   Here Traffic = Concern.
        *   In the target sentence: "Despite concerns about violence".
            *   The concerns are NOT the violence. The concerns are the reaction to violence.
            *   Therefore, it cannot be Sense 4 (which defines the object causing the feeling).
            *   It must be Sense 2 (the feeling) or Sense 1 (the matter of interest).
            *   Since "violence" is negative and "Despite" implies overcoming a barrier/fear, Sense 2 (anxious feeling) is the best fit.
            *   Wait, Sense 1 "something that interests you..." is very broad. Sometimes "concerns" meaning "worries" is mapped to Sense 1 in older WordNet versions? No, Sense 1 is usually "Interest/Matter".
            *   Let's look closer at Sense 2. "an anxious feeling".
            *   Let's look closer at Sense 4. "something or someone that causes anxiety".
            *   If the text was "Violence is a major concern", that would be Sense 4.
            *   But the text is "Concerns about violence". This denotes the mental state.
            *   Therefore, the mental state is Sense 2.

            *   Let me double-check Sense 1. Sometimes "concern" is used for "matter/topic". "The report addresses several concerns." If those concerns are just topics, it's Sense 1. If they are complaints/worries, it's Sense 2 or 4.
            *   Given "violence", it's a worry.
            *   Given "concerns about", it's the feeling/thought, not the external cause.
            *   So it falls under the definition of "anxious feeling" (Sense 2).
            *   However, Sense 2 examples: "care had aged him". This refers to the abstract emotion.
            *   Is "concerns" (plural) covered by Sense 2? Or is there a distinction where plural "concerns" usually maps to Sense 1 or 4?
            *   Let's check the synonym "worry" under Sense 4.
            *   Does "worry" in WordNet map to Sense 4?
            *   WordNet 3.0:
                *   Sense 2: concern, care, fear -- (an anxious feeling; "care had aged him"; "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction")
                *   Sense 4: concern, worry, headache, vexation -- (something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness; "New York traffic is a constant concern"; "it's a major worry")
            *   Notice the examples for Sense 4: "Traffic is a concern". The concern is the *subject* of the sentence.
            *   In the target sentence: "Concerns *about* violence". The concern is the *holder* of the feeling (implied subject) or the feeling itself. The violence is the object.
            *   Grammatically:
                *   Subject (Experiencer) has concerns (Feeling) about Object (Stimulus).
                *   Sense 2 definition: "an anxious feeling". Matches "Feeling".
                *   Sense 4 definition: "something ... that causes anxiety". Matches "Stimulus".
            *   The target word "concerns" refers to the Feeling (or the plural instances of the feeling).
            *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct definition.

            *   Let's check if there's any ambiguity with Sense 1 ("something that interests you").
            *   Sense 1 examples: "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern". Here "concern" = "responsibility/matter of interest".
            *   Can "concerns about violence" mean "matters of interest regarding violence"? No, the context of "Despite" implies a hindrance, a negative emotion to be overcome. "Despite [interests] about violence" makes no sense.
            *   So it is clearly the "anxiety/worry" sense.
            *   Choice is between Sense 2 (Feeling) and Sense 4 (Cause).
            *   As established, syntax "concerns about X" makes "concerns" the internal state, not the external cause.
            *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final verification:**
    *   Context: "Despite concerns about violence..."
    *   Meaning: Worries/Apprehensions.
    *   Sense 2: "an anxious feeling".
    *   Sense 4: "something that causes anxiety".
    *   In the phrase "concerns about violence", "concerns" are the worries, not the violence itself. The violence is the *object* of the preposition. The definition of Sense 4 describes the *object* (the cause), not the feeling.
    *   Thus, Sense 2 is the right pick.

    *   Wait, let me verify if WordNet considers "worry" (noun) as Sense 4.
    *   WN 3.0 S: (n) concern, worry, headache, vexation (something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness) "New York traffic is a constant concern".
    *   WN 3.0 S: (n) concern, care, fear (an anxious feeling).
    *   If I have "worries", are they feelings or causes?
    *   "I have many worries."
    *   If "worry" is listed as a synonym for Sense 4, WordNet might be grouping "worry" (the thing that worries you) and "worry" (the feeling) under Sense 4? Or does it distinguish?
    *   WordNet definitions can be tricky. Let's look at the hypernym hierarchy.
    *   Sense 2 (feeling) -> Hypernym: feeling.
    *   Sense 4 (cause) -> Hypernym: irritant, annoyance.
    *   Is a "concern" (in the sense of "I have concerns") a feeling or an annoyance?
    *   It is a feeling.
    *   If I say "The violence is a concern", then it is Sense 4 (annoyance/source).
    *   If I say "I have concerns", I have feelings.
    *   The text says "Despite concerns".
    *   It fits "Despite [feelings]".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again.
    *   Sense 1 is "something that interests you...".
    *   Example: "The ship's safety is the captain's concern." (Matter of responsibility).
    *   Could "concerns" mean "matters of interest" here? No.
    *   So, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   Let's check Sense 3.
    *   "Sympathy". No.

    *   Let's check Sense 5.
    *   "Business". No.

    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.

    *   Let's double check the numbering.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1. 1:09:00 (Interest/Matter)
        2. 1:12:01 (Anxious feeling)
        3. 1:12:00 (Sympathy)
        4. 1:09:01 (Source of anxiety)
        5. 1:14:00 (Business)

    *   Selected Sense: 2.
    *   Definition: "an anxious feeling".
    *   Synonyms: "care, fear".
    *   Context: "Despite concerns (anxious feelings) about violence".
    *   Matches perfectly.

    *   Wait, let me think if there is any possibility of Sense 4 being interpreted as "worries".
    *   WordNet glosses are schematic.
    *   Sometimes "concern" is defined as "a matter of interest or importance".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. Definition: "something that interests you because it is important or affects you".
    *   Is it possible "concerns" refers to the *issues* regarding violence?
    *   "Despite [issues] about violence".
    *   Issues about violence = violence problems?
    *   If it meant "violence problems", the phrasing would likely be "Despite the violence and political instability".
    *   Phrasing "concerns about" emphasizes the *perception* or *worry* about the violence.
    *   The companies are the ones having the concerns. They are feeling anxious.
    *   Also, Sense 4's gloss is very specific about being the *source*. "Something ... that causes anxiety".
    *   If "concerns" were Sense 4, it would mean "the things causing anxiety".
    *   The things causing anxiety are the violence.
    *   If "concerns" = "violence", then the sentence reads "Despite [violence] about violence". Redundant.
    *   If "concerns" = "worries" (Sense 2), sentence reads "Despite [anxious feelings] about violence". Logical.

    *   One potential pitfall: WordNet sense inventory might be messy.
    *   Let's check the sense keys.
    *   Sense 2: `concern%1:12:01::`. (1:12 usually refers to Feeling/Attribute/State group in WN lexicographer files).
    *   Sense 4: `concern%1:09:01::`. (1:09 usually refers to Act/Event/Process or Artifact? No, 1:09 is specific to nouns).
    *   Actually, WN file numbers:
        *   12: Feeling.
        *   09: ... (Need to check specific WN lexicographer file numbers for nouns).
        *   Usually, body parts, feelings, natural objects have specific numbers.
        *   12 is definitely `noun.feeling`.
        *   So Sense 2 (`%1:12:01`) is definitely the "feeling" sense.
    *   What is 09? `noun.act`? `noun.cognition`?
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 (`%1:09:00`). Definition: "something that interests you". This is likely `noun.cognition` or similar.
    *   Sense 4 (`%1:09:01`). Definition: "something that causes anxiety". Source of anxiety.
    *   Given the feeling is the intended meaning, and Sense 2 is the feeling sense, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

    *   Confirming Sense 2 indexing in the prompt.
    *   1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: (Matter/Interest)
    *   2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: (Anxious feeling)
    *   3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: (Sympathy)
    *   4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: (Source of anxiety)
    *   5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: (Business)

    *   Selection: Index 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violence
Target surface form: violence
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about <t>violence</t> and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violence%1:04:01:: | definition=an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) | synonyms=force | examples=he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one
2. sense_key=violence%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being wild or turbulent | synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness | examples=the storm's violence
3. sense_key=violence%1:26:00:: | definition=a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
The context is about Iraq and concerns about "violence and political instability". The deals suggest companies are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, "crippled by decades of war and sanctions".
This "violence" refers to a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction, not a single act of aggression (sense 1) or the property of being wild/turbulent like a storm (sense 2).
Sense 3 definition: "a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc."
This perfectly matches the general situation of violence in Iraq (war, instability).

Sense 1: an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) - synonyms=force. Not right for general violence in a country.
Sense 2: the property of being wild or turbulent - synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness - examples=the storm's violence. Not right.
Sense 3: a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc. - matches the context of war and political instability in Iraq.

Therefore, sense 3 is the best indexed sense.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instability
Target surface form: instability
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political <t>instability</t>, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: instability
    *   Context sentence: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political <t>instability</t>, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."
    *   Key phrases: "political instability", "violence", "Iraqi government", "concerns". The context describes a volatile political situation in a country (Iraq) which is a risk factor for foreign investment.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1 (instability%1:26:00::):* Definition: "an unstable order". This refers to a state of affairs or a condition. In WordNet hierarchy, 1:26 usually refers to "state" (noun.state).
    *   *Sense 2 (instability%1:07:01::):* Definition: "unreliability attributable to being unstable". The hierarchy 1:07 refers to "attribute" (noun.attribute). This suggests a quality that makes something unreliable.
    *   *Sense 3 (instability%1:26:01::):* Definition: "a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium". Synonyms: imbalance, unbalance. Example: "a hormonal imbalance". This refers to a physical or systemic lack of equilibrium.
    *   *Sense 4 (instability%1:07:00::):* Definition: "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute". Synonyms: unstableness. This refers to a personality trait or attribute of being irresolute.

3.  **Evaluate the fit of each sense against the context:**
    *   The context talks about "political instability". This is a common collocation.
    *   "Political instability" refers to a condition or state of a government or region where the government is likely to fall, policies change unpredictably, or civil unrest occurs. It is a *state of affairs*.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 ("an unstable order"). "Order" here refers to the political or social order. "An unstable order" fits the description of a country where the political situation is volatile. It is a state (noun.state).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 ("unreliability attributable to being unstable"). While political instability makes a country unreliable for business, the phrase "political instability" usually denotes the *situation* itself (the state of unrest or volatility), not just the abstract attribute of unreliability. However, WordNet sense distinctions can be subtle.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 ("a lack of balance"). This is usually physical (hormonal imbalance) or structural. While politics is a system, "political instability" is rarely defined primarily as a "lack of balance" in the chemical/physical sense implied by the example "hormonal imbalance".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 ("unstable and irresolute"). This applies to a person (personality trait). Politics can be described as unstable, but the "irresolute" part and the "attribute" hierarchy suggest a personal quality rather than a socio-political state. The context refers to the situation in Iraq, not a specific person's irresoluteness.

4.  **Differentiating Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 (noun.state): "an unstable order". This refers to the condition/situation. The context says "concerns about violence and political instability". Investors are concerned about the *state* of the country. The state is "unstable".
    *   Sense 2 (noun.attribute): "unreliability...". This is an attribute.
    *   Let's check standard WordNet definitions for "political instability". Usually, it aligns with the concept of a state of unrest or volatility.
    *   Let's look at the hierarchy. 1:26 is "state".
    *   Let's compare usage.
        *   Sense 1 examples in broader corpora often relate to social or political instability (an unstable state of affairs).
        *   Sense 4 examples often relate to personality (emotional instability).
    *   Let's re-read the glosses carefully.
    *   Sense 1: "an unstable order". This sounds like the specific *instance* of instability in the political order.
    *   Sense 4: "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute".
    *   Is there a specific sense for "political instability"? In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
        *   `instability%1:26:00::` is often the hypernym or the general state sense.
    *   Let's look at the provided candidates again.
    *   Candidate 1: "an unstable order". This fits "political instability" as a state of the nation.
    *   Candidate 2: "unreliability attributable to being unstable". This feels slightly meta. It focuses on the *result* (unreliability) rather than the state.
    *   Candidate 4: "unstable and irresolute". This is too focused on "irresolute" (wavering mind), which is psychological/personal.

    Let's check synonyms/antonyms if available mentally.
    Political instability is a state.
    Sense 1 is a state (noun.state).
    Sense 3 is a state (noun.state) but defined as "disequilibrium" and exemplified by "hormonal imbalance".
    Sense 4 is an attribute (noun.attribute).

    "Political instability" is a state of affairs.
    Does "political instability" mean "a lack of balance"? Not typically in this register.
    Does "political instability" mean "an unstable order"? Yes. The political order is unstable.

    Let's verify Sense 1 vs Sense 4.
    Many WSD systems map "political instability" to `instability%1:26:00::`.
    Sense 4 (`instability%1:07:00::`) often captures "emotional instability" or volatility of character.
    Sense 3 (`instability%1:26:01::`) captures physical instability or imbalance.

    The context is clearly about the state of the country's governance.
    Definition: "an unstable order". "Order" here means "the existing state of affairs" (e.g., social order).
    This matches "political instability".

    Let's double check Sense 2. "Unreliability". Is political instability the unreliability itself? No, it's the condition that causes unreliability.
    Let's double check Sense 4. "Irresolute". Politicians might be irresolute, but political instability usually implies the government might fall or coups might happen, not just that they are indecisive.

    Therefore, Sense 1 ("an unstable order") is the most fitting definition for a socio-political context describing the state of a nation.

    Let's refine the selection.
    Context: "political instability".
    Sense 1: an unstable order.
    Sense 3: a lack of balance (hormonal).
    Sense 4: unstable and irresolute (attribute/personality).

    The mapping seems clearly to Sense 1.

    Wait, let me look closer at Sense 4 definition in some WordNet versions.
    Often:
    1. instability -- (an unstable order)
    2. instability, unstableness -- (the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute)
    3. imbalance, instability, unbalance -- (a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium)

    "Political instability" is the lack of stability in the political order.
    Sense 1 defines it as "an unstable order". This is the closest.

    Final check.
    Sense 1 (index 1).
    Sense 2 (index 2).
    Sense 3 (index 3).
    Sense 4 (index 4).

    The target is "political instability".
    Is it a state? Yes.
    Is it an attribute? It can be, but usually "the instability" refers to the situation.
    Sense 1 gloss "an unstable order" is slightly cryptic but fits the noun.state hierarchy.
    Sense 4 "irresolute" is too specific to personality.
    Sense 3 "hormonal imbalance" is too specific to physiology/physics.

    Result: Sense 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `government`
    *   Context: "...the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies..."
    *   The sentence is talking about the specific entity (the body of people/institution) in Iraq that is making deals, attracting companies, and acting as the governing authority.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `government%1:14:00::`
        *   Definition: "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit"
        *   Synonyms: "authorities, regime"
        *   Examples: "the government reduced taxes", "the matter was referred to higher authorities"
        *   Fit: This refers to the specific institution/body administering the state. In the text, the Iraqi government is the entity taking action (attracting companies). This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 2:** `government%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "the act of governing; exercising authority"
        *   Synonyms: "governing, governance, government activity, administration"
        *   Examples: "regulations for the governing of state prisons", "he had considerable experience of government"
        *   Fit: This refers to the *process* or *activity* of governing. The context ("the Iraqi government managed to attract...") treats "government" as an agent/institution, not an abstract activity.

    *   **Sense 3:** `government%1:09:00::`
        *   Definition: "(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed"
        *   Examples: "tyrannical government"
        *   Fit: This refers to the *type* or *system* of rule (like democracy, monarchy, tyranny). The text isn't discussing the *form* of government, but the specific entity.

    *   **Sense 4:** `government%1:09:01::`
        *   Definition: "the study of government of states and other political units"
        *   Synonyms: "politics, political science"
        *   Fit: This is an academic field. Clearly incorrect.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The context refers to the specific organization or body of people governing Iraq ("the Iraqi government").
    *   This aligns with Sense 1 ("the organization that is the governing authority...").
    *   Example match: "the government reduced taxes" (agent performing action) is analogous to "the government managed to attract..." (agent performing action).

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object with the index.
    *   Index 1 corresponds to `government%1:14:00::`.

    JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: auction
Target surface form: auctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: | definition=a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge | synonyms=auction bridge
2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: | definition=the public sale of something to the highest bidder | synonyms=auction sale, vendue

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  deals suggest roles for China, Russia, and European firms.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `auction%1:04:01::` | Definition: "a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge" | Synonyms: "auction bridge".
    *   Sense 2: `auction%1:04:00::` | Definition: "the public sale of something to the highest bidder" | Synonyms: "auction sale, vendue".

3.  **Disambiguate:**
    *   Sense 1 refers to the card game "bridge". The context is clearly or rights to develop oil fields to the companies bidding the best terms (highest bidder in terms of service fees or investment).
    *   The phrase "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals... during two auctions" fits perfectly with the definition of Sense 2. The oil fields/rights were being sold/bid upon.

4.  **Select the Best Index:**
    *   Sense 1 is irrelevant (card game).
    *   Sense 2 is the correct meaning (sale/bidding event).
    *   Therefore, the correct index is 2.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 2}`

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 <t>deals</t> the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about Iraqi Oil Ministry reaching "deals" with 10 foreign oil companies. The context discusses agreements made during auctions for oil field development.

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: - "a particular instance of buying or selling" with synonyms like "trade, business deal" - this is about commercial transactions

2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" with synonym "bargain" - this is about agreements/contracts

3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: - "a large number or amount or extent" - this is about quantity

4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: - "a plank of softwood" - not relevant

5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: - "wood that is easy to saw" - not relevant

6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: - "the cards held in a card game" - not relevant

7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: - "the type of treatment received" - not relevant

8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: - "the act of distributing playing cards" - not relevant

9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: - "the act of apportioning or distributing something" - not relevant

The context talks about "deals" between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and foreign oil companies. These are agreements/contracts where oil companies will work on refurbishing Iraq's oil infrastructure. The context mentions "auctions" and companies winning stakes in auctioned fields.

This is clearly about agreements between parties - sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::) - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each."

Sense 1 about "buying or selling" could also be somewhat relevant, but the context emphasizes agreements reached during auctions, where companies will have obligations to develop oil fields. This fits better with sense 2's definition of "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each."

The answer should be sense_index: 2.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that <t>China</t>, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "china"
    *   Target surface form: "China"
    *   Context: A news snippet about Iraqi Oil Ministry deals with foreign companies. The sentence explicitly mentions "China, Russia and European oil firms".
    *   Task: Disambiguate the word sense based on provided candidate senses.
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`. No sense keys in output.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence says: "...suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role..."
    *   "China" is listed alongside "Russia" (a country) and "European oil firms".
    *   The context is about international politics and business deals regarding oil infrastructure.
    *   "China" here refers to the nation-state, specifically the one engaging in oil deals.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `china%1:15:00::` - Definition: "a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world". Synonyms: People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay.
    *   Sense 2: `china%1:06:00::` - Definition: "high quality porcelain originally made only in China".
    *   Sense 3: `china%1:15:01::` - Definition: "a government on the island of Taiwan...". Synonyms: Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China.
    *   Sense 4: `china%1:06:01::` - Definition: "dishware made of high quality porcelain". Synonyms: chinaware.

4.  **Evaluate Senses against Context:**
    *   Sense 2 and Sense 4 refer to porcelain or dishware. The context is about oil companies and nations. This is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 refers to Taiwan (Republic of China). In the context of "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals", the specific entities mentioned are "China, Russia and European oil firms". While Taiwan has companies, in geopolitical news of this nature (especially circa 2009-2010s), "China" without qualification almost always refers to the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a major player in global oil markets. The phrasing "China, Russia" as a pair suggests major geopolitical powers. The PRC is the most common referent for "China" in this context.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the People's Republic of China (PRC). This fits the geopolitical context of being a major player alongside Russia and European firms.

5.  **Select Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition for the country referred to in the text.
    *   Sense Index: 1.

6.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: russia
Target surface form: Russia
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, <t>Russia</t> and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=russia%1:15:00:: | definition=a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991 | synonyms=Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR
2. sense_key=russia%1:15:01:: | definition=formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia | synonyms=Soviet Russia, Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
3. sense_key=russia%1:15:02:: | definition=a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917
4. sense_key=russia%1:15:04:: | definition=a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state | synonyms=Russian Federation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Source text: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies... The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role..."
    *   Timeframe: The text mentions "auctions that concluded Saturday" and refers to "American companies walked away with stakes". The context talks about "refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
    *   Geopolitical Context: The text refers to current events (recent news style). It mentions China, Russia, and European firms. The sentence structure implies "Russia" is a current geopolitical entity distinct from the "Soviet Union" (past tense) or "Russian Empire". The deals are happening *now* (relative to the article).
    *   Specific Clues: The text treats Russia as a current player in the global oil market. It mentions "decades of war and sanctions" affecting Iraq, implying a post-1991 context (post-Gulf War, post-2003 invasion).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `russia%1:15:00::` (Synonyms: Soviet Union, USSR).
        *   Definition: "a former communist country... established in 1922... officially dissolved 31 December 1991".
        *   Fit: Incorrect. The context is modern (post-1991), and the entity is referred to as "Russia", not the USSR. The USSR no longer exists in the timeframe where oil companies are making deals with a post-Saddam Iraq.

    *   **Sense 2:** `russia%1:15:01::` (Synonyms: Soviet Russia, Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic).
        *   Definition: "formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR...".
        *   Fit: Incorrect. This refers to the specific republic *within* the USSR. The context refers to the independent state participating in international oil deals.

    *   **Sense 3:** `russia%1:15:02::` (Synonyms: None listed, refers to the Empire).
        *   Definition: "a former empire... created in the 14th century... overthrown by revolution in 1917".
        *   Fit: Incorrect. The oil deals are happening in a modern context, not the Tsarist era.

    *   **Sense 4:** `russia%1:15:04::` (Synonyms: Russian Federation).
        *   Definition: "a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state".
        *   Fit: Correct. This refers to the modern state of Russia that exists after the fall of the Soviet Union. The context discusses international business deals involving foreign oil companies (China, European firms, Russia) in a post-2003 Iraq. This matches the definition of the modern Russian Federation.

3.  **Conclusion:**
    The context describes contemporary geopolitical and economic activity involving "China, Russia and European oil firms". This requires the sense denoting the modern state, established after 1991.

    Sense 1 is the USSR.
    Sense 2 is the RSFSR.
    Sense 3 is the Empire.
    Sense 4 is the Russian Federation (Modern State).

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output:**
    The user requested a JSON object like `{"sense_index": X}`.
    The chosen index corresponds to the 4th sense in the list provided.

    Wait, I should check the indexing. Usually, "indexed sense" implies the number in the list (1, 2, 3, 4).
    Sense 1 -> index 1
    Sense 4 -> index 4

    Let's double check the definitions provided in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=russia%1:15:00:: (USSR)
    2. sense_key=russia%1:15:01:: (RSFSR)
    3. sense_key=russia%1:15:02:: (Empire)
    4. sense_key=russia%1:15:04:: (Russian Federation)

    Context: "...suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role..."
    This is the modern Russian Federation.

    Selection: Sense 4.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: oil
Target surface form: oil
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=oil%1:27:00:: | definition=a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
2. sense_key=oil%1:06:01:: | definition=oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist | synonyms=oil color, oil colour
3. sense_key=oil%1:27:01:: | definition=a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil
4. sense_key=oil%1:13:00:: | definition=any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants | synonyms=vegetable oil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: "oil"
    *   Target surface form: "oil"
    *   Context sentence: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
    *   Broader context: Deals with foreign oil companies, Iraqi Oil Ministry, rebuilding infrastructure, China/Russia/European firms, Iraq's oil industry, war and sanctions.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1 (oil%1:27:00::)**: "a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water". This is the hypernym or general chemical definition. It's too broad.
    *   **Sense 2 (oil%1:06:01::)**: "oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist". This refers to art supplies. Completely irrelevant to the context of the Iraqi Oil Ministry and deals with foreign companies.
    *   **Sense 3 (oil%1:27:01::)**: "a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons". Synonyms: "petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil". This refers to the fossil fuel drilled from the ground.
    *   **Sense 4 (oil%1:13:00::)**: "any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants". Synonyms: "vegetable oil". This refers to cooking oil.

3.  **Match context to senses**:
    *   The text discusses "Iraqi Oil Ministry", "foreign oil companies", "infrastructure", "auctioned fields", and "Iraq's oil industry".
    *   The specific phrase is "European <t>oil</t> firms". These are companies that extract and process petroleum/fossil fuels.
    *   The context mentions "auctioned fields" (oil fields) and "decades of war and sanctions" (often related to petroleum resources in the Middle East).
    *   Sense 3 (petroleum/crude oil) is the specific substance associated with the industry described.

4.  **Select the best index**:
    *   Sense 1 is the hypernym for Sense 3 and Sense 4. While true that petroleum is a viscous liquid, Sense 3 is the specific sense intended here (hydrocarbons/fuel).
    *   Sense 3 matches the definition "a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons" and the synonym "petroleum".

5.  **Format the output**:
    *   The instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
    *   The chosen sense is index 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major <t>role</t> in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major <t>role</t> in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
    *   Subject: "China, Russia and European oil firms" (groups/entities).
    *   Action: "play a major role".
    *   Domain: Business, international relations, oil industry.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `role%1:04:00::`
        *   *Definition:* the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.
        *   *Synonyms:* function, office, part.
        *   *Examples:* "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part".
        *   *Fit:* This sense focuses on the function or part played by an entity (person or group) in a specific activity or situation. Here, oil firms are playing a part/function in the refurbishment of the industry. This fits the abstract concept of a "role" in a business/geopolitical context.

    *   **Sense 2:** `role%1:09:00::`
        *   *Definition:* an actor's portrayal of someone in a play.
        *   *Synonyms:* character, theatrical role, part, persona.
        *   *Examples:* "she played the part of Desdemona".
        *   *Fit:* This is clearly about acting/theater. The context is business news, not a play. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `role%1:07:00::`
        *   *Definition:* what something is used for.
        *   *Synonyms:* function, purpose, use.
        *   *Examples:* "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?".
        *   *Fit:* This sense usually applies to inanimate objects (tools) or concepts to describe their utility. While "function" is a synonym, the definition "what something is used for" is slightly off for an entity *playing* a role in an industry. Sense 1 ("actions... assigned to or required... of a person or group") is a better fit for an active participant. Sense 3 implies purpose/utility, whereas the context describes participation and contribution.

    *   **Sense 4:** `role%1:04:01::`
        *   *Definition:* normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting.
        *   *Examples:* "what is your role on the team?".
        *   *Fit:* This sense often implies a specific social position or a normalized behavior pattern (like gender roles or specific team positions). While close to Sense 1, Sense 1 is broader ("actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group"). The context describes a dynamic situation (firms poised to play a major role in a project), rather than a fixed social setting or customary behavior pattern. Sense 1 is the general "part played" sense in a functional/process context.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 1 is the general "part/function" sense. Example: "play a major role".
    *   Sense 4 is more specific to "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting".
    *   The phrase "play a major role" is a standard collocation fitting Sense 1 (function/part). The entities are companies/countries, not people in a social setting, though "group" is mentioned in Sense 1. The activity (refurbishing oil industry) is an action/activity, not necessarily a "customary activity" in a social setting. Sense 1 captures the contribution/function aspect best.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 3 is about utility (what something is used for). An auger has a role (Sense 3).
    *   A company plays a role (Sense 1).
    *   Since the lemma is the subject of "play", Sense 1 is the standard fit. You "play a part/function/role" (Sense 1). You don't typically say an auger "plays a role" in the Sense 3 definition style, though you might say "what is its role?". But "play a role" strongly points to Sense 1.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct definition for "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group". The companies have a function/part in the industry refurbishment.

    *   Index 1 = `role%1:04:00::`

    The JSON should be `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by <t>decades</t> of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:**
    *   Target lemma: "decade"
    *   Target surface form: "decades" (plural)
    *   Context: "...crippled by decades of war and sanctions."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `decade%1:28:00::` -> Definition: a period of 10 years. Synonyms: decennary, decennium.
    *   Sense 2: `decade%1:23:00::` -> Definition: the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system. Synonyms: ten, 10, X, tenner.

3.  **Evaluate the context:**
    *   The sentence discusses the history of Iraq's oil industry being "crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
    *   The phrase "decades of war and sanctions" implies a long duration of time.
    *   Iraq has suffered from war and sanctions over a long period (Iran-Iraq war in the 80s, Gulf War in the 90s, Iraq War in the 2000s). This span covers multiple periods of ten years.
    *   Plural "decades" usually refers to multiple ten-year periods or a long stretch of time measured in tens of years.

4.  **Match with senses:**
    *   Sense 1 (period of 10 years) fits perfectly. "Decades" refers to multiple such periods. It is a noun denoting a time period.
    *   Sense 2 (number 10) does not fit. While the etymology relates to ten, "decades" in this context is not the number 10. It is not a synonym for "tens". We don't say "crippled by tens of war". We say "decades of war". This sense is usually for the numeral or a representation of the value ten.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The context refers to a time span (years).
    *   Sense 1 defines it as a period of 10 years.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Formatting:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen sense corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: war
Target surface form: war
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of <t>war</t> and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=war%1:04:00:: | definition=the waging of armed conflict against an enemy | synonyms=warfare | examples=thousands of people were killed in the war
2. sense_key=war%1:26:00:: | definition=a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply | synonyms=state of war | examples=war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring
3. sense_key=war%1:04:02:: | definition=an active struggle between competing entities | synonyms=warfare | examples=a price war; a war of wits
4. sense_key=war%1:04:01:: | definition=a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious | examples=the war on poverty; the war against crime

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: *war*
    *   Target surface form: *war*
    *   Context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies... The 10 deals... suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of <t>war</t> and sanctions."
    *   Key phrase: "crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
    *   Subject: Iraq's oil industry.
    *   Nature of the "war": The text mentions "Iraqi Oil Ministry", "violence", "political instability", "decades". This refers to the history of conflict in Iraq (Iran-Iraq war, Gulf War, Iraq War). These are actual armed conflicts involving military forces, fighting, and destruction.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1: war%1:04:00::**
        *   Definition: the waging of armed conflict against an enemy
        *   Synonyms: warfare
        *   Examples: thousands of people were killed in the war
        *   Analysis: This refers to the actual fighting and physical conflict. Iraq's infrastructure was crippled by actual fighting (bombs, neglect during conflict, etc.). This fits the historical context of the wars in Iraq over decades.

    *   **Sense 2: war%1:26:00::**
        *   Definition: a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply
        *   Synonyms: state of war
        *   Examples: war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring
        *   Analysis: While there were legal states of war involved, the context emphasizes the physical crippling of infrastructure. "Decades of war" usually implies the continuous or recurring periods of active conflict and destruction, not just the legal status. The infrastructure wasn't crippled by the *legal declaration* per se, but by the *activities* and *consequences* of the conflict. Sense 1 is more concrete and applicable to the physical damage described.

    *   **Sense 3: war%1:04:02::**
        *   Definition: an active struggle between competing entities
        *   Synonyms: warfare
        *   Examples: a price war; a war of wits
        *   Analysis: This is metaphorical or abstract (economic competition, verbal sparring). The context refers to real violence and political instability crippling infrastructure. This is not a "price war".

    *   **Sense 4: war%1:04:01::**
        *   Definition: a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious
        *   Examples: the war on poverty; the war against crime
        *   Analysis: This refers to organized social campaigns. Again, the context refers to literal armed conflict in a specific country (Iraq).

3.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   The sentence describes infrastructure being "crippled" over "decades". This implies physical destruction or neglect caused by armed conflict.
    *   Sense 1 (waging of armed conflict) captures the physical reality of the situation best.
    *   Sense 2 (legal state) is too technical and abstract for the physical destruction context. One doesn't usually say infrastructure was crippled by decades of a "legal state" in the same way one says it was crippled by "armed conflict".
    *   Sense 3 and 4 are figurative, whereas the context is literal.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output:**
    *   Requirement: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Selected index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sanction
Target surface form: sanctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and <t>sanctions</t>. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sanction%1:10:00:: | definition=formal and explicit approval | synonyms=countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur | examples=a Democrat usually gets the union's endorsement
2. sense_key=sanction%1:04:02:: | definition=a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. sense_key=sanction%1:07:00:: | definition=official permission or approval | synonyms=authority, authorization, authorisation | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
4. sense_key=sanction%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of final authorization | examples=it had the sanction of the church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `sanction`
    *   Target surface form: `sanctions`
    *   Context snippet: "Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and <t>sanctions</t>."
    *   The context describes the negative state of Iraq's oil industry due to two causes: war and "sanctions".
    *   Key phrase: "crippled by... sanctions". This implies a punitive measure, something that restricts or harms.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `sanction%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: formal and explicit approval.
        *   Synonyms: countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur.
        *   Example: "a Democrat usually gets the union's endorsement".
        *   Evaluation: This refers to *approval* or *support*. If Iraq's oil industry was "crippled by endorsement," it doesn't make sense semantically. "Sanction" can mean approve, but here the plural "sanctions" usually refers to penalties.

    *   **Sense 2:** `sanction%1:04:02::`
        *   Definition: a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards.
        *   Synonyms: None listed in the prompt, but usually associated with punitive measures.
        *   Evaluation: This sense often refers to the abstract sociological concept of sanctions (rewards or punishments) to enforce norms. While international sanctions are a form of social/political control, this definition is quite broad and abstract.

    *   **Sense 3:** `sanction%1:07:00::`
        *   Definition: official permission or approval.
        *   Synonyms: authority, authorization.
        *   Example: "authority for the program was renewed several times".
        *   Evaluation: Similar to Sense 1. "Crippled by official permission" makes no sense.

    *   **Sense 4:** `sanction%1:04:01::`
        *   Definition: the act of final authorization.
        *   Example: "it had the sanction of the church".
        *   Evaluation: Again, refers to approval.

3.  **Re-evaluating the candidates vs. the specific context:**
    *   The context refers to *economic sanctions* or *international sanctions* imposed on Iraq (historically, the UN sanctions after the Gulf War).
    *   These are restrictive measures, penalties, or coercive actions taken by states or international organizations against a specific state.
    *   Let's look at the provided senses again. This is a classic problem with the word "sanction" (auto-antonym). It means "approve" (positive polarity) and "penalize" (negative polarity).
    *   Sense 1: Approval.
    *   Sense 3: Approval.
    *   Sense 4: Approval/Authorization.
    *   Sense 2: "a mechanism of social control".

    *   Wait, is there a specific sense for "penalty" or "coercive measure" listed?
    *   Let's check the indexing.
        *   Sense 1 (`1:10:00`): "formal and explicit approval". (Positive)
        *   Sense 2 (`1:04:02`): "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards". (Neutral/Technical)
        *   Sense 3 (`1:07:00`): "official permission or approval". (Positive)
        *   Sense 4 (`1:04:01`): "the act of final authorization". (Positive)

    *   There is no specific sense listed like "a sanction as a penalty" or "economic coercive measure".
    *   However, in WordNet, the "mechanism of social control" definition (Sense 2) is the hypernym or category under which punitive sanctions fall. Punitive sanctions are a mechanism of social control (enforcing international law or standards).
    *   Sense 1, 3, and 4 clearly denote *permission* or *approval*. Context clearly shows a negative, crippling effect. Therefore, senses 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the broader sociological category of sanctions as a tool of enforcement (which includes punishment). While the definition "mechanism of social control..." is somewhat abstract, it is the only available slot that covers the "penalty" aspect (often distinguished as "negative sanction" in sociology, but here just "sanction" as the tool).
    *   Actually, let me double-check standard WordNet entries.
    *   WordNet 3.1 usually has:
        1.  `sanction` (n) - formal and explicit approval.
        2.  `sanction` (n) - a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards.
        3.  `sanction` (n) - official permission or approval.
        4.  `sanction` (n) - the act of final authorization.
    *   Wait, usually WordNet has a sense for "action taken against a violator"?
    *   Let me verify the WordNet sense keys provided in the prompt.
    *   `sanction%1:04:02::` matches "a mechanism of social control...". In sociological terms, sanctions can be positive (rewards) or negative (punishments). International sanctions are negative sanctions intended to enforce standards (e.g., UN resolutions).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice by elimination and category fit.

    *   Let's verify the WordNet 3.0/3.1 hierarchy.
        *   `sanction%1:04:02` maps to the synset {sanction}. The definition is indeed "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards".
        *   Is there a sense for "penalty"? Sometimes it's phrased as a hyponym or defined as "a coercive measure".
        *   In some versions of WordNet, the "mechanism of social control" is the parent node. The "penalty" sense might be missing or conflated in this specific candidate list.
        *   However, given the choice between "approval" (Senses 1, 3, 4) and "mechanism of social control" (Sense 2), Sense 2 is the only plausible one for "crippled by sanctions". Economic sanctions are mechanisms of social/political control.

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1: Approval. (Incorrect context)
    *   Sense 2: Mechanism of social control. (Correct category - sanctions enforce standards through punishment).
    *   Sense 3: Permission. (Incorrect context)
    *   Sense 4: Authorization. (Incorrect context)

    *   The target word is "sanctions" used in the sense of economic embargoes or penalties. This falls under the definition of a "mechanism of social control". The other options are antonyms in this context (meaning approval).

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American <t>companies</t> walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**: The sentence is "American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields." The broader context discusses the "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies," "major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure," and business deals/auctions. The key phrases are "foreign oil companies," "American companies," "invests," "stakes," and "auctioned fields."

2.  **Analyze the Target Lemma**: The lemma is "company" (plural "companies"). This refers to business entities.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `company%1:14:01::` | Definition: "an institution created to conduct business" | Examples: "he only invests in large well-established companies", "he started the company in his garage".
        *   *Match*: This fits perfectly. The context talks about oil companies doing business, investing, and making deals. "Foreign oil companies" and "American companies" are business institutions.

    *   **Sense 2**: `company%1:14:03::` | Definition: "small military unit; usually two or three platoons".
        *   *Mismatch*: There is no military context mentioned here. While Iraq is mentioned, the context is the Oil Ministry and business deals, not military maneuvers.

    *   **Sense 3**: `company%1:26:00::` | Definition: "the state of being with someone" | Synonyms: companionship.
        *   *Mismatch*: This is an abstract noun (uncountable). The target form is plural "companies". Sense 3 is uncountable (state of being). Therefore, it cannot be this sense.

    *   **Sense 4**: `company%1:14:02::` | Definition: "organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical)".
        *   *Mismatch*: Not a theatrical context.

    *   **Sense 5**: `company%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a social or business visitor".
        *   *Mismatch*: Usually singular/uncountable in usage ("expecting company"). Not business firms.

    *   **Sense 6**: `company%1:14:00::` | Definition: "a social gathering of guests or companions".
        *   *Mismatch*: Not a party or social gathering.

    *   **Sense 7**: `company%1:14:06::` | Definition: "a band of people associated temporarily in some activity".
        *   *Mismatch*: While broad, the specific context implies formal business entities (oil companies), not just a temporary ad-hoc group.

    *   **Sense 8**: `company%1:14:04::` | Definition: "crew of a ship".
        *   *Mismatch*: Not a nautical context.

    *   **Sense 9**: `company%1:14:05::` | Definition: "a unit of firefighters".
        *   *Mismatch*: Not a firefighting context.

4.  **Select the Best Sense**: Sense 1 is the definition of a business firm/corporation. The context mentions "foreign oil companies," "major oil companies," and "American companies" engaging in business deals and auctions. This aligns exactly with Sense 1.

5.  **Format Output**: The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.