[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: horde
Target surface form: hordes
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=horde%1:14:00:: | definition=a vast multitude | synonyms=host, legion
2. sense_key=horde%1:14:02:: | definition=a nomadic community
3. sense_key=horde%1:14:01:: | definition=a moving crowd | synonyms=drove, swarm

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "horde"
    *   Target surface form: "hordes"
    *   Context: A discussion about immigration policy in France, specifically mentioning the fear of invasion by "hordes of Polish plumbers" in 2005.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  A vast multitude (synonyms: host, legion).
        2.  A nomadic community.
        3.  A moving crowd (synonyms: drove, swarm).
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense.
    *   Constraint: Return only JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
    *   Usage: "hordes of Polish plumbers".
    *   Meaning: The phrase implies a large, overwhelming number of people arriving. The context discusses an "invasion" and a fear of being overwhelmed by numbers. The term "hordes" here is metaphorical or hyperbolic, used to describe a large group of people (specifically plumbers) perceived as a threat due to their numbers.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1: "a vast multitude" (synonyms: host, legion).**
        *   Does it fit? Yes. "Hordes of Polish plumbers" refers to a large number/quantity of them. The connotation of "horde" often implies a disorderly or overwhelming mass. "Legion" fits well here (a vast number). This sense captures the quantitative aspect ("a vast multitude") which is central to the fear of "invasion" described in the text.

    *   **Sense 2: "a nomadic community".**
        *   Does it fit? No. While "horde" historically refers to nomadic tribes (like the Mongol hordes), in this context, it refers to Polish plumbers, who are not being described as a nomadic community in the anthropological sense. They are economic migrants, but the word is used to signify *numbers*, not their social structure of nomadism.

    *   **Sense 3: "a moving crowd" (synonyms: drove, swarm).**
        *   Does it fit? It's close. A "moving crowd" suggests motion. The text mentions "invasion," which implies movement. However, Sense 1 ("vast multitude") emphasizes the *number* or *magnitude* (vast), which aligns better with the "invasion" narrative (being overrun). "Hordes of Polish plumbers" is often used to denote a *lot* of them. While Sense 3 is plausible, Sense 1 is the primary definition usually associated with "a vast multitude" or "a teeming crowd".
        *   Let's look at WordNet hierarchy/nuances. Sense 1 is usually the generic "vast multitude". Sense 3 is "moving crowd" (drove, swarm).
        *   In the phrase "hordes of Polish plumbers," is the focus on them being a "moving crowd" or a "vast multitude"? The fear is about the *number* overwhelming the territory. "Multitude" (Sense 1) feels slightly more appropriate for the abstract concept of "lots of people" than "moving crowd" (Sense 3), which might imply a specific physical gathering at a specific moment. "Hordes" in political rhetoric usually refers to the sheer quantity/numbers (Sense 1).

    *   Let's check standard WordNet entries (3.0 or 3.1).
        *   wn:horde (n) -> 1. a vast multitude (syns: host, legion).
        *   wn:horde (n) -> 2. a nomadic community.
        *   wn:horde (n) -> 3. a moving crowd (syns: drove, swarm).

    *   Refining the choice between 1 and 3:
        *   Context: "invasion... by hordes of Polish plumbers".
        *   "Swarm" (Sense 3 synonym) fits "invasion" well (swarms of locusts, etc.).
        *   "Legion" (Sense 1 synonym) fits "vast multitude".
        *   The distinction in WordNet is often: Sense 1 is about the *number* (multitude). Sense 3 is about the *motion* (moving crowd).
        *   The text says "invasion" (motion) but also implies the *sheer number* creating the burden.
        *   However, Sense 1 ("a vast multitude") is the most common hypernym/generic definition for "horde" when used to describe a large group of people defined by a characteristic (e.g., hordes of tourists, hordes of fans). Sense 3 often implies a specific physical movement ("a swarm of people").
        *   "Hordes of Polish plumbers" is a rhetorical device referring to a large group of people. Most WSD resources map the usage "hordes of [noun]" (e.g., hordes of tourists) to the "vast multitude" sense. The "moving crowd" sense usually applies to the physical movement aspect more strongly.
        *   Let's check the definitions again.
            *   Sense 1: "a vast multitude" -> This captures the "invasion" aspect of overwhelming numbers.
            *   Sense 3: "a moving crowd" -> Also possible, but "multitude" is the defining characteristic of a horde in modern usage compared to just a "crowd".
        *   Let's look at synonyms provided in the prompt again.
            *   Sense 1: host, legion. "Legion" implies a vast number. "Host" implies a vast number.
            *   Sense 3: drove, swarm. "Drove" implies animals or people being driven/moving. "Swarm" implies dense movement.
        *   In the political context ("fear of invasion"), the *multitude* aspect is paramount. The fear is that there are *too many* of them. Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Sense 2 is incorrect (not about nomads).
    *   Sense 3 is possible ("swarm") but Sense 1 ("vast multitude") is the core meaning of the word when used non-literally for large groups of people (e.g., hordes of shoppers). The primary semantic feature is the large number.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct index.

5.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON format.
    *   `{"sense_index":1}`


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: Left
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "left"
    *   Target surface form: "Left"
    *   Context: The text discusses politics, specifically the French political landscape regarding immigration and foreign students. It mentions the "minister of the interior", "Jacques Chirac", "Michel Rocard", and contrasts the "Left" and the "Right". Phrases like "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right", "On the Right... and on the Left...", and "felt both on the Left and on the Right" clearly refer to political factions or ideologies.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: Spatial location/direction (side to the north when facing east). Example: "she stood on the left". -> Incorrect. Context is political, not spatial.
    *   Sense 2: Political group/ideology ("those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare"). Synonyms: "left wing". -> Correct. This matches the political context (Left vs. Right in politics) and the usage of "Left" as a collective noun for a political side.
    *   Sense 3: Body part ("the hand that is on the left side of the body"). Synonym: "left hand". -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Baseball field position ("the piece of ground in the outfield..."). Synonym: "left field". -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Turning movement ("a turn toward the side..."). -> Incorrect.

3.  **Select the best match:**
    *   Sense 2 is the definition of the political "Left". The context talks about political consensus, ministers, and specific politicians associated with the Left (Michel Rocard).

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instructions require a JSON object with the key "sense_index".
    *   The chosen sense is the second one listed.
    *   Index: 2.

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Context: "...consensus between the Left and the Right..." -> Political.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "...support varying degrees of social or political or economic change..." -> Political.
    *   Matches perfectly.

    JSON output: `{"sense_index": 2}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%1:07:00:: | definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people
2. sense_key=right%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right
3. sense_key=right%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right | synonyms=right field
4. sense_key=right%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing
5. sense_key=right%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | synonyms=right hand | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left; hit him with quick rights to the body
6. sense_key=right%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
7. sense_key=right%1:07:01:: | definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | synonyms=rightfulness | examples=he feels he is in the right; the rightfulness of his claim
8. sense_key=right%1:21:00:: | definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights; film rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence mentions "consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject." It talks about Jacques Chirac setting the tone "On the Right." It contrasts with "the Left" (Michel Rocard). It discusses political stances on immigration, foreign students, and the economy. The target word "Right" is capitalized, indicating a proper noun or a specific entity, contrasting with the "Left".

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: Abstract idea of due/entitlement (e.g., human rights). *Incorrect.* The context is about political groups, not legal entitlements.
    *   Sense 2: Location/direction (right side). *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 3: Baseball position (right field). *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 4: Political group (supporters of conservatism). Synonyms: right wing. *Matches perfectly.* The text discusses the "Left and the Right," Jacques Chirac (a conservative politician), and political consensus.
    *   Sense 5: Body part (right hand). *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 6: Turn/direction. *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 7: Justice/correctness. *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 8: Legal interest (e.g., film rights). *Incorrect.*

3.  **Match Context to Sense:** The context explicitly discusses political factions ("the Left and the Right"), mentioning politicians like Jacques Chirac (associated with conservative politics). This aligns perfectly with Sense 4's definition: "those who support political or social or economic conservatism."

4.  **Formulate Output:** The instructions require a JSON object with the sense_index. Sense 4 corresponds to index 4 (assuming 1-based indexing based on the list provided).
    *   List item 1 -> index 1
    *   List item 2 -> index 2
    *   List item 3 -> index 3
    *   List item 4 -> index 4
    *   ...
    The target sense is the one starting with "sense_key=right%1:14:00::".

5.  **Final Check:** Does "Right" mean political conservatives here? Yes. The text contrasts "Left" and "Right" in a political discussion about immigration and economics.

Result: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: sides
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "sides" in the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage discusses the "Left" and the "Right" (political groups/parties)
- It mentions "on the Left" and "on the Right" multiple times
- The sentence says "Both sides see immigrants as a burden..."
- "Both sides" refers to the Left and the Right (political factions/groups)

Now let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: - "a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location" - This doesn't fit well. It's about physical location relative to a reference point.

2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: - "one of two or more contesting groups" with example "the Confederate side was prepared to attack" - This could work! The Left and Right are political groups/parties that could be seen as contesting groups in politics.

3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: - "either the left or right half of a body" - No, this is about physical body parts.

4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: - "a surface forming part of the outside of an object" - No, this is about physical surfaces.

5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: - "an extended outer surface of an object" - No, this is about physical surfaces.

6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: - "an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect)" - This could potentially work as it refers to an aspect, but the examples ("he was on the heavy side", "he is on the purchasing side of the business") don't quite match the political group sense.

7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: - "a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure" - No, geometric.

8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: - "a family line of descent" - No, this is about genealogy.

9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: - "a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food" - No, this is about meat.

10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: - "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute" with synonym "position" and example "there are two sides to every question" - This could work in terms of opposing viewpoints, but it's more about opinions in a debate rather than organized political groups.

11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: - "an elevated geological formation" - No, geographic.

12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: - "(sports) the spin given to a ball" - No, sports-related.

The best fits are:
- Sense 2 (one of two or more contesting groups) - The Left and Right are contesting political groups
- Sense 10 (an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute) - This could work for political viewpoints

But sense 2 seems better because:
- The Left and Right are organized political groups/parties in France
- The example "the Confederate side was prepared to attack" shows this sense being used for organized political/military groups
- The context shows these are political factions with leaders (Chirac on the Right, Rocard on the Left)

Sense 2 is the best fit: "one of two or more contesting groups"

The answer is {"sense_index": 2}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** burden
    *   **Target surface form:** burden
    *   **Context:** "Both sides see immigrants as a **burden** on the French economy and on French society."
    *   **Meaning in context:** The sentence discusses how both political sides view immigrants negatively in terms of economic and social impact. They are seen as something heavy to carry, a cost, a strain, or a responsibility that is difficult to manage. It implies a negative weight or a drain on resources.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `burden%1:09:01::` | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense refers to something abstract that is psychologically or practically difficult to deal with. The synonyms "load," "encumbrance," and "onus" fit well with the idea of immigrants being a "strain" or "problem" for the economy. The phrase "burden on the economy" aligns with the idea of an "onerous or difficult concern." It metaphorically treats the population group as a heavy load the state must carry.

    *   **Sense 2:** `burden%1:06:01::` | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the literal physical weight sense. While "burden on the economy" is a metaphor involving weight, this specific WordNet sense usually refers to actual physical loads (like a burden on a donkey). The context here is socio-economic, not physical transportation. However, metaphorical extensions of physical weight often map here in some dictionaries, but WordNet distinguishes "onerous concern" (Sense 1) from "physical weight" (Sense 2). Given the abstract nature of "economy" and "society," Sense 1 (onerous concern) is the precise metaphorical meaning intended by the author.

    *   **Sense 3:** `burden%1:10:00::` | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the "main point" or "refrain" sense (e.g., "the burden of the song"). This does not fit the context of immigrants being a problem.

    *   **Sense 4:** `burden%1:09:00::` | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 3, this refers to the content or theme of a text. Irrelevant here.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Context: "immigrants as a burden on the French economy".
    *   Sense 2 is literal physical weight. Sense 1 is "an onerous or difficult concern."
    *   Is the author saying immigrants are a physical weight? No.
    *   Is the author saying immigrants are a difficult problem/concern/strain? Yes.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. The specific gloss "onerous or difficult concern" captures the negative economic impact implied.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1 matches the context of something being a strain or difficult responsibility on an abstract entity (the economy).

5.  **Formatting:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "economy" in the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:
1. economy%1:14:00:: - the system of production and distribution and consumption (synonyms: economic system)
2. economy%1:09:01:: - the efficient use of resources (examples: economy of effort)
3. economy%1:07:00:: - frugality in the expenditure of money or resources (synonyms: thriftiness)
4. economy%1:04:00:: - an act of economizing; reduction in cost (synonyms: saving)

In the context, "French economy" refers to the overall economic system of France, as opposed to "French society". Immigrants are seen as a burden on the economic system. Sense 1 fits perfectly.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   Contextual clues: "French economy", "French society", "immigrants", "burden", "Left and the Right" (politics), "national territory".
    *   The target word "society" refers to the collective body of people living in France, the social structure, and the general populace organized within the nation-state.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `society%1:14:00::` | definition="an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization".
        *   This sense refers to the broad sociological concept of a society (e.g., French society, Western society, industrial society). It fits perfectly with the phrase "French society" as a counterpart to "the French economy". It encompasses the population and the structure within which they live.

    *   **Sense 2:** `society%1:14:01::` | definition="a formal association of people with similar interests" | synonyms=club, social club...
        *   This refers to a specific club or association (e.g., "a horticultural society").
        *   Does it fit? "French society" in this context is not a club. It is the nation's population. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `society%1:26:00::` | definition="the state of being with someone" | synonyms=company, companionship...
        *   This refers to the abstract state of companionship (e.g., "I enjoy your society").
        *   Does it fit? "Burden on French company/companionship"? No. The text discusses a burden on the social fabric and collective resources, not the state of being with someone. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `society%1:14:02::` | definition="the fashionable elite" | synonyms=high society, beau monde...
        *   This refers to the upper class or aristocracy.
        *   Does it fit? Are immigrants a burden specifically on the "fashionable elite" of France? No, the context implies a national issue involving the economy and the general populace/nation (Left/Right politics, national territory). It refers to the general population. This is incorrect.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition of "society" used when referring to a nation's social body (e.g., "French society"). It contrasts with "economy" (economic organization vs. cultural/social organization). The text discusses the impact of immigration on the nation as a whole.

4.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen sense is the first one in the list (Sense 1).

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "burden on ... French society".
    *   Sense 1: "extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization".
    *   Match: Yes.

    The index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
I need to determine which sense of "difference" best fits the context.

Let me analyze the context:
"The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

The context is discussing the Left and Right political positions on immigration in France. The author is saying that both sides see immigrants as a burden, and "the only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

So the author is saying that while both Left and Right have similar views on immigration, there is a difference (dissimilarity) between them - specifically in how generous they are toward immigrants.

Let me check each sense:

1. "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" - This could work. The text is saying there is a difference (a dissimilarity) between Left and Right in their degree of generosity.

2. "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" - This doesn't fit well. The context isn't talking about deviation from a norm.

3. "a disagreement or argument about something important" - While there might be disagreement between Left and Right, the context is specifically noting a quality of dissimilarity (the degree of generosity), not an argument or dispute.

4. "a significant change" - This doesn't fit. The context isn't about change.

5. "the number that remains after subtraction" - This is mathematical and doesn't fit the context.

The first sense seems most appropriate: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar." The author is noting a dissimilarity between the Left and Right regarding their degree of generosity toward immigrants.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Target word: "degree"
    *   Sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Preceding context: Discusses political consensus (Left and Right) on immigration. Both sides see immigrants as a burden. The *difference* is the "degree of generosity".
    *   Meaning: "Degree" here refers to the amount or extent of generosity. It's a scale. How much generosity? A little or a lot? It modifies an abstract quality (generosity).

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
        *   Synonyms: grade, level.
        *   Examples: "a moderate grade of intelligence", "a high level of care".
        *   Fit: "degree of generosity" fits perfectly with "amount or quality". Generosity is a quality, and the text discusses the position on the scale (amount) of that quality.

    *   **Sense 2:** "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
        *   Synonyms: level, stage, point.
        *   Examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness", "at what stage are the social sciences?".
        *   Fit: This is often very close to Sense 1. However, Sense 1 emphasizes "intensity or amount or quality", while Sense 2 emphasizes "continuum or series or process". "Generosity" is an abstract quality, not necessarily a stage in a process. While "a remarkable degree of frankness" is an example for Sense 2, "degree of generosity" feels more like an amount/intensity (Sense 1) than a stage in a process. Let's look closer at WordNet hierarchy.
        *   WordNet 3.1 (or 3.0):
            *   Sense 1 (usually `degree%1:07:00::`) -> hypernym `magnitude`.
            *   Sense 2 (usually `degree%1:26:01::`) -> hypernym `point`.
        *   "Generosity" is a quality. The amount of that quality is the magnitude. "The degree of generosity" = "the amount/extent of generosity". This aligns strongly with Sense 1's definition "amount or quality".
        *   Let's check Sense 2's example "a remarkable degree of frankness". This usage is practically synonymous with the target context. Is there a distinction?
            *   Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence". "grade" implies a level on a scale.
            *   Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum...".
        *   Actually, looking at standard WordNet mappings (like those used in SemCor or OntoNotes), phrases like "degree of freedom", "degree of certainty", "degree of accuracy", "degree of success" often map to Sense 1 (intensity/amount).
        *   However, WordNet definitions can be tricky.
        *   Let's re-read Sense 1 definition: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
        *   Let's re-read Sense 2 definition: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
        *   The phrase is "degree of generosity". Generosity is a quality. We are measuring the intensity or amount of that quality. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "quality". Sense 2 talks about "process" or "series". While a continuum covers abstracts, Sense 1 is more specific to "intensity or amount or quality".
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit because it explicitly covers "amount or quality", which matches "generosity".

    *   **Sense 3:** Academic degree. Clearly incorrect.
    *   **Sense 4:** Geometry (arcs/angles). Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 5:** Math (polynomials). Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 6:** Temperature. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 7:** Seriousness (medical/legal). "Murder in the second degree". While "generosity" isn't a crime or a burn, one could argue "degree of severity". But the definition specifies "seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime)". The examples restrict it heavily. This is not the intended sense for "generosity".

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   This is the main ambiguity.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
    *   Context: "degree of generosity".
    *   Generosity is a quality.
    *   The context implies measuring *how much* generosity.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly lists "quality".
    *   Sense 2 lists "continuum... or process". The example for Sense 2 "a remarkable degree of frankness" is actually quite confusing because "frankness" is also a quality. However, standard lexicographical practice for WordNet often distinguishes "magnitude/extent" (Sense 1) from "abstract point in a series" (Sense 2).
    *   Let's check the hypernyms.
        *   Sense 1 (`degree%1:07:00::`) usually falls under `magnitude` or `property`.
        *   Sense 2 (`degree%1:26:01::`) usually falls under `point` or `state`.
    *   Usually, when we say "degree of [abstract noun]", if it refers to the extent or amount, it is Sense 1. If it refers to a stage in development, it is Sense 2.
    *   "Generosity" isn't a stage in a process. It's a trait/quality being measured by intensity.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
    *   Meaning: The amount/extent of generosity.
    *   Sense 1: "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    *   Match: Excellent.

5.  **Formatting:**
    *   JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context**:
    *   Target lemma: "generosity"
    *   Context: The text discusses the political consensus in France regarding immigration. It mentions Jacques Chirac and Michel Roco. It highlights that both Left and Right see immigrants as a burden. The specific phrase is "The only difference resides in the degree of **generosity**, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Meaning in context: The text contrasts political approaches to immigration. The "degree of generosity" refers to how much aid, leniency, or support (financial or social) is offered to immigrants. It implies a willingness to give resources or rights.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses**:
    *   Sense 1: `generosity%1:07:00::` | Definition: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" | Synonyms: generousness.
        *   This sense refers to a personal characteristic or trait. It is a noun denoting a quality (abstract noun).
    *   Sense 2: `generosity%1:04:00::` | Definition: "acting generously" | Synonyms: unselfishness.
        *   This sense refers to the act or behavior of being generous. It is often classified under "act" or "activity" in WordNet hierarchies (1:04 usually refers to acts).

3.  **Compare Context to Senses**:
    *   The sentence says: "The only difference resides in the degree of **generosity**, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   The phrase "degree of..." suggests measuring an abstract quality or trait. You measure the *trait* of generosity (how generous someone is), or you measure the *amount* of generosity shown in policy.
    *   Let's look at the specific definitions again.
    *   Sense 1 is "the trait of being willing to give your money or time". In political discourse, parties are often described as having or lacking this trait relative to policy.
    *   Sense 2 is "acting generously" (synonymous with unselfishness). This focuses on the action itself.
    *   However, standard WordSense Disambiguation (WSD) often distinguishes between the *trait* (a stable attribute) and the *act* (a specific instance of giving).
    *   Context: "degree of generosity". Is it the degree of the *trait* or the degree of the *action*?
    *   Usually, when discussing political platforms ("In his program, François Hollande..."), "generosity" refers to the policy stance or the *quality* of being giving/lenient. It is treated as a variable attribute of the political stance.
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy implications. `1:07` usually refers to attributes/traits (noun.cognition or noun.attribute). `1:04` usually refers to acts (noun.act).
    *   The text discusses the *trait* or *disposition* of the political sides (Left vs Right) regarding how they treat immigrants. The difference is in the magnitude of that disposition/quality.
    *   Definition 1: "the trait of being willing to give..." fits the idea of a "degree" (you can have more or less of a trait). Definition 2: "acting generously" is an act. While you can measure the extent of an act, "generosity" in the abstract sense (referring to the policy's kindness/openness) aligns better with the definition of the trait.
    *   Furthermore, the synonym "unselfishness" for sense 2 seems a bit distinct from the political context of allocating resources (money/time) mentioned in sense 1. Sense 1's definition "willing to give your money or time" aligns perfectly with the context of immigration policy (social welfare, accommodation).
    *   Therefore, sense 1 (the trait) is the stronger fit than sense 2 (the act).

    *   Let's double-check the index mapping.
        *   Candidate sense 1: `generosity%1:07:00::`
        *   Candidate sense 2: `generosity%1:04:00::`

    *   The text contrasts the Left and Right based on the *amount* of willingness to support immigrants. This willingness is a trait/disposition.
    *   Sense 1 defines it as "the trait of being willing to give your money or time". This matches perfectly.

    *   Let's check Sense 2 again. "acting generously". Synonyms: unselfishness.
    *   In WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
        *   `generosity%1:07:00::` is the "trait" sense.
        *   `generosity%1:04:00::` is the "act" sense.
    *   The sentence asks about the "degree of generosity". You measure a trait. The difference is the degree of the trait (how willing they are to give).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *   Index logic:
        *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
        *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

    *   Decision: Choose Sense 1.

4.  **Final Verification**:
    *   Context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
    *   Definition 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time".
    *   Definition 2: "acting generously".
    *   "Degree of [noun]" usually selects the abstract quality/trait sense. You can have a high degree of kindness (trait), but "a degree of acting kindly" is linguistically awkward compared to "a degree of kindness". Here, "generosity" functions as the abstract quality being measured. Thus, the "trait" definition is correct.

    *   Result: sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "program" in the context: "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities..."

Let me analyze the context:
- This is about François Hollande, who was a French politician (and later became President of France)
- The text is discussing political positions on immigration
- "In his program" refers to a political document outlining aims and principles

Let me check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: - "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" - synonyms: plan, programme. This is more general, about plans.

2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: - "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" - synonyms: programme. This is about public works, day care programs, etc.

3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: - "a radio or television show" - Not applicable.

4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: - "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" - synonyms: platform, political platform, political program. Examples mention "party platform" and "positive program" in a political context. This seems very relevant - Hollande's political program would be a document outlining his political platform/policies.

5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: - "an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event" - Not applicable.

6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: - "an integrated course of academic studies" - Not applicable.

7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: - "(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute" - Not applicable.

8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: - "a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation" - Not applicable.

Sense 4 (program%1:10:04::) is clearly the best match. François Hollande is a politician, and "his program" refers to a political document stating aims and principles of his political platform. The context mentions his views on immigration and co-development, which are policy positions part of a political program/platform.

The answer should be sense_index: 4.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "problem" in the context of "immigration problem".
The context discusses immigration being seen as a "burden" and a "problem".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. problem%1:26:00:: - a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonyms: job)
2. problem%1:10:00:: - a question raised for consideration or solution (examples: homework)
3. problem%1:09:00:: - a source of difficulty (synonyms: trouble)

The context is about immigration being a source of difficulty or trouble for the French economy and society. "immigration problem" refers to immigration being a source of difficulty. Sense 3 defines problem as "a source of difficulty" with synonym "trouble". Sense 1 is "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (like "having problems" in a marriage). "Immigration problem" often refers to immigration *causing* difficulty, or being a trouble. However, it could also be a state of difficulty.
Wait, "immigration problem" - does immigration cause the problem, or is it the problem itself?
"immigration problem" = the problem of immigration. Immigration is the source of the difficulty.
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (trouble). "What's the problem?" = what's the trouble?
Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (job).
Actually, "immigration problem" is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Let's check WordNet hierarchy.
1: problem%1:26:00:: (noun.state) -> state, difficulty
2: problem%1:10:00:: (noun.communication) -> question
3: problem%1:09:00:: (noun.event) -> trouble, difficulty

In the context, "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem", the problem is parallel to burden. A burden is a source of difficulty, or a trouble.
Wait, "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" - sense 3 is exactly "a source of difficulty" (trouble).
Let's consider "immigration being a burden and a problem". If immigration is the problem, it is a source of difficulty.
Sense 3 (a source of difficulty) seems to fit "immigration being a burden and a problem" perfectly, as immigration is the source of the difficulty.
Let's re-read sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". "she and her husband are having problems" -> the problems are the state of difficulty.
"immigration problem" could mean "the problem caused by immigration" (sense 3) or "the difficult situation of immigration" (sense 1). "Immigration is a problem" -> immigration is a source of difficulty. Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".

Let's search for similar contexts. "immigration problem" is often mapped to sense 3 (source of difficulty / trouble) or sense 1 (state of difficulty).
Wait, in SemCor, "problem" is often tagged as problem%1:09:00:: when it means "trouble" or "source of difficulty". E.g. "the problem with John" or "heart problem".
"immigration problem" -> immigration is the source of the difficulty.
Let's look at sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems".
If I say "our immigration problem", it's the state of difficulty.
However, the text says "immigration problem to be solved", which aligns with "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (sense 1) or "a question raised for consideration or solution" (sense 2).
Wait, sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution".
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
"allow our immigration problem to be solved" -> "needs to be resolved" vs "for consideration or solution". Both have "solution/resolved".
But the context emphasizes "immigration being a burden and a problem". Burden = source of difficulty. So sense 3 is very fitting.
Wait, "immigration problem" is a single noun phrase. Is immigration the source, or the problem itself? "immigration is a problem". In "immigration is a problem", immigration is the problem. If immigration is the problem, then it is a source of difficulty.
Sense 3: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble). "What's the problem?" = "What is the source of difficulty?"
Sense 1: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. "She and her husband are having problems" = they are experiencing states of difficulty.
In "our immigration problem", the problem is the state of difficulty associated with immigration.
Let's check the mapping of "problem" in similar contexts.
Often, "economic problem" or "social problem" is sense 1 (state of difficulty that needs to be resolved).
Let's look at the example for sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems". This is a state of difficulty.
Example for sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" Here, "problem" means "trouble".
In French, "problème de l'immigration" translates to "immigration problem".
"allow our immigration problem to be solved". "solved" strongly points to sense 1 or sense 2. Sense 3 doesn't naturally take "solved" (you don't usually "solve" a source of difficulty, you resolve a problem). "a source of difficulty" is more like "trouble", you alleviate it, but you "solve" a problem.
"state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" -> "allow our immigration problem to be solved". Resolved/solved are very close.
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 2 is for math/homework problems: "a question raised for consideration or solution". Immigration is not a question raised for consideration, it's a state of difficulty.
So it's between 1 and 3.
"immigration problem to be solved" -> you solve a problem (sense 1). Sense 1 definition includes "needs to be resolved".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit. Sense 3 is "a source of difficulty" (trouble), you don't typically "solve" a trouble.

Let me double check sense 3. "What's the problem?" - here you can solve the problem. But the definition is "a source of difficulty".
Sense 1 is "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
The text says "immigration problem to be solved". This aligns perfectly with "needs to be resolved".
I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: "notion".
2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The sentence is: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset..."
    *   The preceding context discusses a specific view or idea held by political sides (Left and Right) regarding immigrants.
    *   The phrase "This notion of immigration being a burden..." refers to the specific concept or idea that immigration is a negative thing (burden/problem).
    *   It is not a vague feeling (Sense 1) in the sense of an individual's fleeting impression, but rather a formulated concept or belief held by a group (the political sides).
    *   It is definitely not a capricious idea (Sense 3) or sewing items (Sense 4).
3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:
    *   *Sense 1*: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
        *   This sense fits well with "belief" or "opinion". The context describes a specific view ("immigration being a burden"). It is an idea held with confidence (or at least proposed as an electoral asset).
    *   *Sense 2*: "a general inclusive concept".
        *   This sense is often used for abstract concepts (e.g., "the notion of justice"). Here, the "notion" is specific ("immigration being a burden"). Is it a "general inclusive concept"? Or is it a specific belief/opinion held by people?
        *   Let's look at the distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 2. Sense 1 implies a mental acceptance or cognitive state (belief/opinion). Sense 2 implies a conceptual entity.
        *   The sentence says "This notion of immigration being a burden...". Is it a concept (Sense 2) or an opinion/belief (Sense 1)?
        *   Usually, when we talk about a "notion that X is Y", it aligns with belief/opinion (Sense 1). However, "notion of X" often aligns with concept (Sense 2).
        *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 1: impression, feeling, belief, opinion. The text says "Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion...". The "notion" refers to the "seeing as a burden". This is a belief or opinion held by the sides.
        *   Let's check Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept". This usually applies to things like "the notion of democracy" or "the notion of time". Here, the specific content is "immigration being a burden". This feels more like a specific proposition/opinion (Sense 1) than a broad inclusive concept.
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". The definition says "vague idea", which is slightly misleading for this context because the idea is quite specific (burden/problem), but the synonyms "belief, opinion" fit the context perfectly. The context describes a mindset or a view prevalent in politics.
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 2. If the text said "The notion of immigration," Sense 2 might be better. But it says "The notion of immigration *being a burden*". This is a specific claim or belief.
        *   WordNet 3.1 often distinguishes:
            *   `notion%1:09:00::` (Sense 2 here): a general inclusive concept.
            *   `notion%1:09:02::` (Sense 1 here): a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings about the crisis?"; "he had a feeling that she was lying". Synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion, notion.
        *   The context is about a political stance/view ("immigrants as a burden"). This aligns strongly with "opinion" or "belief". Therefore, Sense 1 seems more appropriate than the abstract "general concept" of Sense 2.
        *   Wait, let's look closely at the text. "This notion of immigration being a burden..." Is this an "opinion"? Yes. Is it a "concept"? You could argue it's a concept ("the concept that immigration is a burden"), but Sense 1 specifically lists "opinion" and "belief" as synonyms.
        *   Often, "notion" in the sense of "the notion that..." is Sense 1 (belief/opinion).
        *   Let's test Sense 2. "The notion of gravity". "The notion of freedom". These are general inclusive concepts.
        *   "The notion that immigration is a burden." This is a specific belief held by people.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit because the target word refers to a belief/opinion held by the political sides, not an abstract definition.

    *   *Sense 3*: "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea". Definitely not. The text is serious political commentary.
    *   *Sense 4*: "small personal articles". Not applicable.

    *   *Comparison of Sense 1 and Sense 2*:
        *   Sense 1: "belief", "opinion". The context is about what people *see* and *believe* ("Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion..."). The notion is the content of their belief.
        *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept". While "notion" can mean concept, the specific semantic relationship here is "what is believed by the politicians/public". It functions as an opinion.
        *   Many WSD systems tag "notion that..." or "notion of [proposition]" as the belief/opinion sense.
        *   Let's check the mapping.
        *   Candidate 1: `notion%1:09:02::` -> belief, opinion.
        *   Candidate 2: `notion%1:09:00::` -> general inclusive concept.
        *   The phrase "notion of immigration being a burden" is a complex idea, but it acts as the object of the political discourse, representing the belief. "The belief that immigration is a burden". Substitute synonyms: "This *belief* of immigration being a burden..." works. "This *concept* of immigration being a burden..." also works.
        *   However, WordNet gloss for Sense 1 mentions "vague idea" but synonyms include "opinion".
        *   Let's look at the mapping of Sense 1 in standard WordNet. `notion%1:09:02::` usually maps to `belief` or `opinion`.
        *   Let's look at the mapping of Sense 2. `notion%1:09:00::` usually maps to `concept`.
        *   Is the idea that "immigration is a burden" a general inclusive concept? No, it's a specific thesis or belief.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 (opinion/belief) is the correct choice.

    *   Let's double check the specific sense keys provided.
        *   1: `notion%1:09:02::` (belief/opinion)
        *   2: `notion%1:09:00::` (concept)
    *   Sentence: "This notion of immigration being a burden..."
    *   The "notion" refers to the specific idea/opinion that immigration is a burden. The text contrasts this opinion with the "consensus among specialists".
    *   Opinions vs Consensus.
    *   The "notion" is positioned as a view held by the public/politicians.
    *   Therefore, it aligns with Sense 1 (opinion/belief).

    *   Let's confirm Sense 1's "vague idea" gloss. It seems counter-intuitive for a specific political platform. However, "vague idea" in WordNet often captures the "mental impression" aspect. But the synonyms are critical. "Belief" and "Opinion" fit the context of a political stance better than "Concept".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "A general inclusive concept". Examples in dictionaries for "notion" as concept: "The notion of equality". "The notion of time".
    *   Examples for "notion" as opinion/impulse: "She has a notion that I'm cheating her." "He has no notion of guilt." "The notion that the earth is flat."
    *   "The notion that immigration is a burden" fits the "opinion/belief" pattern (Sense 1). It is a specific cognitive content that people have confidence in (or use for electoral assets), rather than a broad category of thought.

    *   Wait, let me re-read the gloss for Sense 1. "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed".
    *   Is the idea that "immigration is a burden" vague? Not really, it's a specific claim.
    *   However, looking at standard WordNet usage for `notion%1:09:02::`, it is the sense used for "opinion" or "view".
    *   Sense 2 `notion%1:09:00::` is "a general inclusive concept".
    *   In "The notion of immigration being a burden", is "immigration being a burden" a concept?
    *   Linguistically, "notion that [clause]" is almost always Sense 1 (belief/mental content).
    *   "Notion of [NP]" can be Sense 2 (Concept). e.g. "Notion of immigration".
    *   Here it is "Notion of immigration *being a burden*". This functions as a proposition.
    *   Propositions are typically beliefs/opinions (Sense 1).
    *   If the text said "The notion of immigration is complex", that would be Sense 2.
    *   Here the text says "This notion of immigration being a burden". This equates to "The opinion that immigration is a burden".
    *   Therefore Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Final check: Synonyms for Sense 1: impression, feeling, belief, opinion.
    *   Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion..."
    *   "See as" = Opinion/Belief.
    *   Synonym substitution: "This *opinion* of immigration being a burden..." -> Works.
    *   "This *belief* of immigration being a burden..." -> Works (with slight grammar adjustment to "belief that").
    *   "This *concept* of immigration being a burden..." -> Works but implies the abstract idea itself rather than the stance taken by politicians. The context emphasizes the stance/view.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "burden", and the surface form is "burden". It appears in the phrase "immigrants as a burden on the French economy..." and "immigration being a burden and a problem...".

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text discusses immigration in France.
    *   The author describes a negative perception held by some (Left and Right): "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   Later, it refers to "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   The context implies a heavy load, a difficulty, or a cost imposed on the economy/society. It is metaphorical—immigrants are not a physical weight, but a figurative "weight" or "encumbrance" on resources.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `burden%1:09:01::` | definition: "an onerous or difficult concern" | synonyms: load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples: "the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind".
        *   *Fit*: This fits the metaphorical use of something being a difficulty or a heavy responsibility. The economy has to "carry" the immigrants. The phrase "burden on the economy" strongly aligns with "onerous or difficult concern".

    *   **Sense 2**: `burden%1:06:01::` | definition: "weight to be borne or conveyed" | synonyms: load, loading.
        *   *Fit*: This is usually a literal physical weight. While "burden on the economy" is a metaphor for a weight, Sense 1 is specifically about the *concern* or abstract difficulty, which captures the semantics of "burden on society/economy" better than the purely physical definition of Sense 2. Sense 1 includes "encumbrance" and "onus", which describe the socio-economic situation well.

    *   **Sense 3**: `burden%1:10:00::` | definition: "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work" | synonyms: effect, essence, core, gist.
        *   *Fit*: This refers to the main point of a discourse (e.g., "the burden of the argument"). It does not fit the context of immigration affecting the economy.

    *   **Sense 4**: `burden%1:09:00::` | definition: "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse".
        *   *Fit*: Similar to Sense 3, this refers to the main idea/theme of a text. It does not fit the context.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   Sense 2 is physical weight.
    *   Sense 1 is an onerous concern/responsibility (abstract weight).
    *   The context talks about a "burden on the French economy". This is an abstract entity. The definition "onerous or difficult concern" perfectly matches the sentiment that immigrants are seen as a problem or a difficulty to be dealt with (an "onus"). The example "burden of responsibility" parallels "burden on the economy".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.
    *   Index starts at 1.

provider: Novita