[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the <t>same</t> fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, the target word "same" appears in: "after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."

Mr. Quinlan lost an eye to retinoblastoma as an infant, and his mother experienced a closely similar outcome - she also lost an eye to the same rare tumor as a baby. These are two separate instances of a similar type of fate, not literally the same identical event.

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. "same in identity" - This would mean literally the same identical instance. The mother and son didn't share one fate; they each had their own separate but similar fate.

2. "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" - This captures that both suffered the same type of fate - retinoblastoma causing eye loss in infancy. The fates are comparable in kind.

3. "equal in amount or value" - This doesn't fit the context of "fate."

4. "unchanged in character or nature" - This refers to something remaining constant over time, which doesn't fit this comparison between two people's experiences.

Sense 2 is the best fit, as it describes fates that are closely similar in kind - both individuals experienced the same type of medical condition and outcome.

{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine the best sense for the word "same" in this context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "...after his mother had suffered the <t>same</t> fate when she was a baby."

In this context, "same" is describing "fate." Mr. Quinlan lost an eye to a rare tumor (retinoblastoma) when he was two months old, and his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. This means his mother also lost an eye to the same type of tumor.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
   - This sense refers to something being identical in identity - literally the same object or person. The examples show this: "the same man" refers to one specific individual, and "the same dress" refers to one specific garment. In our context, Mr. Quinlan's mother didn't suffer the exact identical fate instance - she had her own separate instance of the same type of fate.

2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
   - This sense refers to things being similar or comparable in some quality or characteristic. The examples show colors being the same and ages being the same. In our context, Mr. Quinlan and his mother both suffered from retinoblastoma and both lost an eye. Their fates are closely similar in kind - they both experienced the same type of medical condition and outcome. This seems like a good fit.

3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
   - This sense is about numerical equality or equivalence in amount/value. This doesn't fit well with "fate" in this context.

4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever
   - This sense refers to something remaining unchanged over time. This doesn't fit our context where we're comparing two different instances of a fate, not talking about something remaining constant.

Given the context, the best fit is sense 2. Mr. Quinlan's mother suffered a fate that was closely similar in kind to what Mr. Quinlan suffered - they both had retinoblastoma and lost an eye. The fate wasn't identical in identity (sense 1), but it was the same type of fate, making sense 2 the most appropriate.

Actually, let me reconsider. The example in sense 1 is "the same man I saw yesterday" which refers to identity. And "never wore the same dress twice" also refers to identity of objects.

In our context, "the same fate" - are we talking about the exact same instance of fate (identity) or the same type of fate (similar in kind)?

Mr. Quinlan suffered a fate (losing an eye to retinoblastoma as a baby). His mother also suffered a fate (losing an eye to retinoblastoma as a baby). These are two separate instances, not the same identical event. So they are similar in kind/type, but not identical in identity.

So sense 2 "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" seems most appropriate. The two fates are comparable in kind - both involve the same disease and outcome.

Let me double-check:
- Sense 1 (same in identity): No, these are two separate instances
- Sense 2 (closely similar in kind): Yes, both instances are similar in the type of fate
- Sense 3 (equal in amount/value): Doesn't fit
- Sense 4 (unchanged): Doesn't fit

Sense 2 is the best answer.

Wait, I want to reconsider once more. In everyday language, when we say "the same fate," we often mean the exact same type of fate, not the same identical instance. But let me look more carefully at the WordNet definitions:

Sense 1 is "same in identity" - this would mean literally the same instance
Sense 2 is "closely similar or comparable in kind" - this means similar type

When we talk about two people suffering "the same fate," we typically mean they experienced the same type of outcome, not that they literally experienced the same instance of fate. Mr. Quinlan and his mother each had their own separate instances of getting retinoblastoma and losing an eye - these are two separate events that are similar in kind.

So sense 2 remains the best choice.

Actually, let me think about this more carefully. In the example for sense 1: "never wore the same dress twice" - this means the identical physical dress. But in the context "the same fate," the mother and son didn't literally share one fate - they each had their own fate that was similar in nature.

Sense 2's examples "curtains the same color as the walls" and "two girls of the same age" show things that share a characteristic (color, age) but are not identical objects. Similarly, Mr. Quinlan and his mother share a similar type of fate.

So I confirm that sense 2 is the correct answer.

{"sense_index": 2}

provider: DigitalOcean


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fate
Target surface form: fate
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same <t>fate</t> when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fate%1:11:00:: | definition=an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future | synonyms=destiny
2. sense_key=fate%1:18:00:: | definition=the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman) | synonyms=destiny | examples=we are helpless in the face of destiny
3. sense_key=fate%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *fate*.
    *   Context snippet: "...his mother had suffered the same <t>fate</t> when she was a baby."
    *   Preceding context: Mr. Quinlan lost an eye to a rare tumor (retinoblastoma) when he was two months old.
    *   Target usage: "his mother had suffered the same fate". This refers to the mother losing an eye to the tumor.
    *   Nature of the event: It's a specific thing that happened to a person (losing an eye due to cancer). It happened in the past relative to the narrative, though it describes the "lot" or outcome of the person's life at that stage.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future" | synonym: *destiny*.
        *   Does this fit? The text says "suffered the same fate". Losing an eye is an event. But is it "inevitably happening in the future"? The narrative is recounting past events. While "fate" can imply inevitability, this definition focuses heavily on the *future* aspect of destiny. "Suffering a fate" usually refers to the outcome or the event itself, but the "future" restriction in this gloss makes it a bit awkward for a retrospective description of a negative outcome, although it is often used that way in general language. However, let's look at the other senses.

    *   **Sense 2:** "the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman)" | synonym: *destiny*.
        *   Does this fit? No. The mother didn't "suffer the same agency". She suffered the outcome. This refers to "Fate" as a power/force (e.g., "Fate decreed it").

    *   **Sense 3:** "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)" | synonyms: *fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion*.
        *   Does this fit? The phrase "suffered the same fate" is very common idiomatic usage for "had the same negative outcome/experience". The example given for Sense 3 is "deserved a better fate".
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1 emphasizes a specific future event. While losing an eye is an event, the usage "suffered the same fate" often implies one's lot or the specific outcome one experienced.
        *   Sense 3 emphasizes "circumstances or condition in life... whatever happens to you".
        *   In the context "suffered the same fate", *fate* refers to the specific negative outcome (losing an eye to cancer). Is this Sense 1 or Sense 3?
        *   Let's look at the examples.
            *   Sense 1 example: None listed, but gloss implies "Doomsday is our fate" or similar.
            *   Sense 3 example: "deserved a better fate". This aligns well with "suffered a fate".
        *   Let's look at the nuances.
            *   Sense 1 (Event/Destiny): "It was his fate to die young." (Abstract/Destiny).
            *   Sense 3 (Lot/Portion): "He suffered a terrible fate." (Concrete outcome/Circumstance).
        *   The text describes a specific instance of what happened to someone. "His mother had suffered the same [outcome/lot]." This aligns better with the synonyms "lot, portion" and the example "deserved a better fate" found in Sense 3. Losing an eye is a specific thing that happened to her, constituting a portion of her life experience/condition. The phrase "suffered a fate" strongly collocates with the sense of an assigned lot or negative outcome (circumstance), rather than just "a future event".
        *   Furthermore, WordNet sense 1 (1:11:00) is usually the "destiny/kismet" sense (inevitable future). WordNet sense 3 (1:26:00) is the "lot/fortune" sense (what happens to you).
        *   "Suffering a fate" is the classic example for the "lot/fortune" sense. If someone asks "What was his fate?", they are asking what happened to him (Sense 3), not necessarily about the abstract concept of his future (Sense 1).
        *   Let's check the mapping.
            *   Sense 1: "It is his fate to be alone." (Process/Inevitability).
            *   Sense 3: "He met a grim fate." (Outcome/Event/Circumstance).
        *   The context "suffered the same fate" refers to the outcome (losing an eye). It fits the "circumstances... everything that happens to you" definition of Sense 3. It specifically matches the example "deserved a better fate".

3.  **Decision:** Sense 3 is the correct choice. It captures the specific negative outcome/circumstance that befell the mother, synonymous with "lot" or "fortune" (in the sense of what one met with).

    *   *Sense 1* focuses on the inevitable future (destiny).
    *   *Sense 3* focuses on the lot or outcome one experiences (fortune/lot).

    The phrase "suffered the same fate" refers to the specific outcome (losing an eye) that happened to her. This falls under "everything that happens to you" / "circumstances".

4.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: Mother lost an eye.
    *   Sentence: "suffered the same fate".
    *   Sense 3 definition: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   Sense 3 synonyms: fortune, lot, portion.
    *   Sense 3 example: "deserved a better fate".

    This fits perfectly. "Suffering a fate" is a standard construction for Sense 3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a <t>baby</t>. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** "baby" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
    *   The phrase "when she was a baby" refers to Mr. Quinlan's mother.
    *   The mother "suffered the same fate" (lost an eye to retinoblastoma) when she was a baby.
    *   Mr. Quinlan lost his eye when he was "only two months old".
    *   The text contrasts Mr. Quinlan's age at onset ("two months old") with his mother's age at onset ("when she was a baby").
    *   Retinoblastoma typically occurs in very young children.
3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1 (baby%1:18:00::):* "a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk". Synonyms: babe, infant. This fits perfectly. The mother had the tumor as an infant/very young child. This is the standard developmental definition.
    *   *Sense 2 (baby%1:18:01::):* "the youngest member of a group". Does not fit the context of a medical history regarding age of onset.
    *   *Sense 3 (baby%1:18:03::):* "an immature childish person". Pejorative/psychological meaning. Does not fit the medical context.
    *   *Sense 4 (baby%1:18:04::):* "an unborn child; a human fetus". While retinoblastoma can sometimes be detected in utero, the context says she "suffered the same fate" when she was a baby, implying a post-natal existence or a general stage of life. Usually, if one says "when she was a baby," they refer to the post-birth stage of infancy, not specifically the fetal stage. The comparison is with Mr. Quinlan who was "two months old". Being a "baby" encompasses being two months old. Sense 1 is the primary definition for a born infant.
    *   *Sense 5 (baby%1:18:02::):* "slang term of address". Does not fit.
    *   *Sense 6 (baby%1:05:00::):* "a very young mammal". Humans are mammals, but Sense 1 is specific to humans. Sense 1 is preferred over the generic mammal sense for human contexts.
    *   *Sense 7 (baby%1:04:00::):* "a project of personal concern". Does not fit.
4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The context refers to a human being in the early stage of life (infancy).
    *   Sense 1 defines "baby" as a very young child (birth to 1 year).
    *   Mr. Quinlan had the tumor at 2 months. His mother had it when she was a "baby". This usage aligns with Sense 1.
    *   Sense 4 (unborn/fetus) is possible if the diagnosis was prenatal, but the phrase "when she was a baby" is the standard expression for the early post-natal period. Even if it were prenatal, Sense 1 is the primary hypernym for "baby" in general conversation unless specifically distinguishing "fetus". However, standard WSD maps "when [x] was a baby" to the infant sense (Sense 1).
    *   Let's check the constraints of Sense 1 vs Sense 4. Sense 4 is explicitly "an unborn child; a human fetus". If the mother had the tumor "when she was a baby", she was born. Retinoblastoma is often diagnosed in infants. The most natural reading is Sense 1 (infant).
5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 is the correct sense. It captures the age and the human nature of the subject.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: isolation
Target surface form: isolation
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the <t>isolation</t> of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=isolation%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of separation between persons or groups
2. sense_key=isolation%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of being disliked and alone
3. sense_key=isolation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others | synonyms=closing off
4. sense_key=isolation%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it
5. sense_key=isolation%1:04:01:: | definition=a country's withdrawal from international politics | examples=he opposed a policy of American isolation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target word:** "isolation"
    *   **Context:** "...Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   **Meaning in context:** The sentence talks about the scientific process of identifying and separating a specific gene (the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene) from the rest of the genetic material or the general biological environment so it can be studied and tested. It refers to the result or action of extracting or identifying this specific entity.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `isolation%1:26:00::` | definition=a state of separation between persons or groups.
        *   *Fit:* No. This refers to people or groups being separated (social isolation). The context is about a gene.

    *   **Sense 2:** `isolation%1:12:00::` | definition=a feeling of being disliked and alone.
        *   *Fit:* No. This is emotional isolation. The context is scientific/medical.

    *   **Sense 3:** `isolation%1:04:00::` | definition=the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others | synonyms=closing off.
        *   *Fit:* Yes. This definition fits the scientific context. "Isolating something" (the gene) is exactly what happened. The gene was identified and separated (conceptually or physically for testing) from the rest of the genome. The synonym "closing off" is less relevant here, but the definition "the act of isolating something" is a perfect match for "isolation of the [gene]".

    *   **Sense 4:** `isolation%1:22:00::` | definition=(psychiatry) a defense mechanism...
        *   *Fit:* No. This is a psychiatric term. The context is genetics/biology.

    *   **Sense 5:** `isolation%1:04:01::` | definition=a country's withdrawal from international politics.
        *   *Fit:* No. This is political science (e.g., "American isolation").

3.  **Refine the choice:**
    *   The phrase "isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene" describes the scientific achievement of identifying and separating that specific gene. This aligns perfectly with Sense 3's definition: "the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others."

4.  **Final selection:** Sense 3.

5.  **Format output:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 3}`.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: became
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it <t>became</t> possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "became" in the context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Context: "it became possible" -> entering a state or condition.
Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" fits "became possible" perfectly. "Possible" is a state/condition.
Sense 2: "undergo a change or development" -> "turn into". Not quite "it turned possible".
Sense 3: "come into existence" -> "What becomes has duration". "It became possible" -> it didn't come into existence, it entered a state.
Sense 4: "enhance the appearance of" -> irrelevant.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit. "Possible" is a state or condition.
"It became possible" matches "It must be getting more serious" / "He became annoyed" (assuming a state or condition).

Let me double check WordNet sense for become.
become%2:30:00:: is the "get, become" sense: "enter or assume a certain state or condition; "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news"; "It must be getting more serious"; "go crazy"; "She went into ecstasy"; "get going!"
become%2:42:01:: is the "turn, become" sense: "undergo a change or development; "The water turned into ice"; "Her former friend became her worst enemy"; "turn into a dragon"; "He turned over the prisoner to his lawyers"

"it became possible" clearly aligns with entering a state or condition (Sense 1).

So the sense_index is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became <t>possible</t> last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "possible" (adjective).
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became <t>possible</t> last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Subject: "it" (impersonal subject).
    *   Verb phrase: "became possible".
    *   Infinitive complement: "to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced".
    *   Meaning: Before January, they couldn't find out. After the isolation of the gene, they *could* find out. The capability or feasibility to perform the action (finding out the threat) came into existence.
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `possible%3:00:00::`
        *   Definition: "capable of happening or existing"
        *   Examples: "a breakthrough may be possible next year", "anything is possible"
        *   Analysis: This sense relates to something being capable of occurring, being done, or existing. It fits the "it became possible to [do something]" construction well. It refers to feasibility or capability.
    *   **Sense 2**: `possible%3:00:04::`
        *   Definition: "existing in possibility"
        *   Synonyms: "potential"
        *   Examples: "a potential problem", "possible uses of nuclear power"
        *   Analysis: This sense relates to potentiality—something that might be the case or might exist in the future (latent possibility). It usually modifies a noun (e.g., "possible uses", "possible candidate"). It describes a state of being potential rather than actual capability to perform an action.
4.  **Compare senses against context**:
    *   The context describes the ability to perform a specific action (finding out the threat via testing). "It became possible to find out..." implies the action became feasible/capable of being performed.
    *   Sense 1 ("capable of happening") captures the idea that the event/action is now capable of taking place.
    *   Sense 2 ("existing in possibility" / "potential") usually applies to nouns describing future potential (e.g., "He is a possible candidate"). It doesn't fit the predicate adjective structure "it became possible to [verb]" as well as Sense 1.
5.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   The context "it became possible to find out" aligns with Sense 1's definition "capable of happening or existing" (specifically, capable of happening/being done).
    *   Sense 2 describes "potential" attributes (e.g., "possible uses"), which is not the usage here.
6.  **Final Check**:
    *   Context: "...it became possible... to find out..."
    *   Sense 1 definition: "capable of happening..."
    *   Sense 2 definition: "existing in possibility" (potential).
    *   The event (finding out) became capable of happening. Sense 1 is the correct match.

7.  **Format Output**: Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible <t>last</t> January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "last" in the context: "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is talking about a specific January (a past January) when something became possible
- "last January" refers to the most recent January before the current time (when the article was written)
- This is a temporal reference to a specific point in time that has just passed

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
   - This refers to the immediately past occurrence of something, like "last Thursday" meaning the most recent Thursday
   - The example "last Thursday" is very similar to "last January"

2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
   - This is more about being final or remaining

3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
   - This is about something at the end, terminal

4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected
   - Not relevant

5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
   - Not relevant

6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | examples=the final answer; a last resort
   - Not relevant

7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | examples=to the last measure of human endurance
   - Not relevant

8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | examples=the judge's decision is final
   - Not relevant

9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | examples=last prize; in last place
   - Not relevant

The clear answer is sense 1, which means "immediately past" and is exemplified by "last Thursday" - which is exactly parallel to "last January" in this context. This is the standard temporal use of "last" to refer to the most recent past occurrence of a time period.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find_out
Target surface form: find out
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to <t>find out</t> what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find_out%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=find_out%2:31:00:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, get a line | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
3. sense_key=find_out%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
4. sense_key=find_out%2:31:01:: | definition=trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act | synonyms=catch out | examples=He was caught out; She was found out when she tried to cash the stolen checks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to <t>find out</t> what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Context: Scientific/Medical context.
    *   Action: Determining the genetic status of a fetus/baby.
    *   Method: Using a test with "genetic probes".
    *   Goal: To know for sure whether the baby inherited a damaged gene.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `find_out%2:32:00::`
        *   Definition: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
        *   Synonyms: determine, find, ascertain
        *   Examples: "find the product of two numbers", "The physicist who found the elusive particle..."
        *   Fit: This fits well. It involves establishing a fact (genetic status) through a specific scientific method (test/probes). It implies a process of discovery or calculation/study.

    *   **Sense 2:** `find_out%2:31:00::`
        *   Definition: "get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally"
        *   Synonyms: learn, hear, get wind...
        *   Examples: "I learned that she has two grown-up children"...
        *   Fit: This is usually accidental or passive reception of information ("accidentally"). Here, there was a deliberate medical test. This is a poor fit because of the "accidentally" modifier and the nature of the discovery (active testing vs. hearing news).

    *   **Sense 3:** `find_out%2:32:01::`
        *   Definition: "find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort"
        *   Synonyms: determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn
        *   Examples: "I want to see whether she speaks French", "See whether it works"
        *   Fit: This also fits well. It emphasizes "determine with certainty" via "effort" (the test). It is very similar to Sense 1.

    *   **Sense 4:** `find_out%2:31:01::`
        *   Definition: "trap; especially in an error..."
        *   Fit: Completely irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 emphasizes "calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". The context involves a medical test (experiment/study).
    *   Sense 3 emphasizes "inquiry or other effort".
    *   Let's look at the specific phrasing: "it became possible... to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   The "what threat" is a fact/condition. The method is a "test using new genetic probes". This looks like an investigation or experiment/study.
    *   Sense 1 (WordNet 2:32:00) often deals with establishing facts through rigorous processes (calculation, experiment).
    *   Sense 3 (WordNet 2:32:01) often deals with checking status ("see whether it works") or determining via inquiry.
    *   Which is better?
        *   Sense 1 examples: "find the product", "found the elusive particle". These are concrete results of investigation/experiment.
        *   Sense 3 examples: "see whether she speaks French", "See whether it works". These are often binary checks or inquiries.
    *   The context involves a scientific test (isolation of the gene -> genetic probes -> test). This aligns strongly with "experiment" or "investigation" in Sense 1.
    *   However, Sense 3 ("determine with certainty... by making an inquiry") is also a strong candidate for "find out" + [fact].
    *   Let's look closer at WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 is in the "cognition" class (32) relative to "reasoning".
        *   Sense 3 is also in "cognition" (32).
    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment..."
        *   Sense 3: "find out, learn, or determine with certainty..."
    *   The context explicitly mentions the "isolation of the... gene" making it possible. This implies a scientific discovery process (Sense 1).
    *   The actual test result was "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited...". This is establishing a fact.
    *   Let's check the synonym overlaps. Sense 1 has "determine, find, ascertain". Sense 3 has "determine, check, see, ascertain". Both share "determine" and "ascertain".
    *   Sense 1 seems more focused on the *process* yielding the result (investigation/experiment). The sentence highlights the scientific context and the test.
    *   Sense 3 is often used for "finding out the truth" or "checking things". "I want to find out if he is home" (inquiry).
    *   Here, the "genetic probes" constitute an experiment/test. The "isolation of the gene" is a scientific prerequisite. The tone is scientific/medical.
    *   Sense 1 ("establish after... experiment... or study") feels slightly more precise for a medical test context where a specific method (probe) is used to establish a biological fact.
    *   Sense 3 examples ("See whether it works") are often more casual checks.
    *   Sense 1 examples ("The physicist who found the elusive particle") are more formal/scientific.
    *   The text describes a scientific/medical diagnostic process. Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit.

    *   Let's double check Sense 3. Is "finding out what threat" an inquiry? An inquiry is usually asking questions. A genetic test is an experiment/analysis. Sense 1 covers "experiment, survey, or study". A genetic test falls under experiment/study better than "inquiry".

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best choice.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "find out what threat..."
    *   Method: Genetic probes (scientific test/experiment).
    *   Goal: Establish the genetic status (determine/ascertain).
    *   Sense 1 definition: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
    *   Match: Excellent. The text describes a scientific study/experiment context (genetic probes, isolation of gene).

    *   Sense 3 definition: "determine with certainty... by making an inquiry". While a doctor inquires into the health, the specific action here is a test/analysis, which fits Sense 1's specific list of methods better.

    *   Sense 2 is "accidentally" - wrong.
    *   Sense 4 is "trap" - wrong.

    *   Choice: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: threat
Target surface form: threat
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what <t>threat</t> the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=threat%1:26:00:: | definition=something that is a source of danger | synonyms=menace | examples=earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan
2. sense_key=threat%1:10:00:: | definition=a warning that something unpleasant is imminent | examples=they were under threat of arrest
3. sense_key=threat%1:10:01:: | definition=declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another | examples=his threat to kill me was quite explicit
4. sense_key=threat%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, scourge | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "threat" in the context: "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."

Let me analyze the context:
- The Quinlan baby could have inherited a damaged gene that causes retinoblastoma (eye cancer)
- The question was whether the baby faced a risk of developing this rare cancer
- A genetic test showed the baby had NOT inherited the damaged gene, so faced "no more risk than other children"

The "threat" here refers to the potential danger/risk of developing cancer. It's about a source of danger that the baby might face.

Let me look at the senses:

1. sense_key=threat%1:26:00:: | definition=something that is a source of danger | synonyms=menace | examples=earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan

2. sense_key=threat%1:10:00:: | definition=a warning that something unpleasant is imminent | examples=they were under threat of arrest

3. sense_key=threat%1:10:01:: | definition=declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another | examples=his threat to kill me was quite explicit

4. sense_key=threat%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, scourge | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Sense 2 doesn't fit - there's no warning being given here.
Sense 3 doesn't fit - no one is declaring an intention to harm the baby.
Sense 4 doesn't fit - the threat isn't a person who inspires fear.

Sense 1 fits best: "something that is a source of danger" - the threat is the potential cancer/disease that the baby might develop. Just like "earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan" - earthquakes are a source of danger. Here, retinoblastoma is a source of danger/threat to the baby.

The answer should be sense_index:1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** baby
    *   **Target surface form:** baby
    *   **Context sentence:** "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced."
    *   **Broader context:** The text discusses a couple, Bill and Bonnie Quinlan, who are expecting a child. Bonnie became pregnant. They knew the child had a 50% chance of a genetic defect. The sentence preceding the target mentions finding out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. The sentence following says "A test... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited...". The test was done in January. Little Will Quinlan is the referent.
    *   **Status of the child:** The text says "Bonnie became pregnant in 1987". It says it became possible "last January" to find out. The result refers to "little Will Quinlan". While the test could theoretically be done in utero (prenatal testing), the phrasing "the Quinlan baby" usually refers to the child as an entity about to be born or just born. However, the crucial part is whether the sense refers to an *unborn* fetus or a *very young child*.

2.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk". This is the standard definition of a baby/infant. "Little Will Quinlan" fits this description if he is born, or even if the parents are referring to the fetus as "the baby" in a general, colloquial sense. In English, parents often refer to the fetus as "the baby" (e.g., "the baby is kicking").
    *   **Sense 2:** "the youngest member of a group". Not applicable here; it's about a specific child of a specific couple, not a group comparison.
    *   **Sense 3:** "an immature childish person". Not applicable.
    *   **Sense 4:** "an unborn child; a human fetus". This is a specific sense for "baby" when used to refer to a fetus.
    *   **Sense 5:** "slang... term of address". Not applicable.
    *   **Sense 6:** "a very young mammal". Not applicable (human context).
    *   **Sense 7:** "a project of personal concern". Not applicable.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   The text says "Bonnie became pregnant in 1987". The test happened "last January". The text later says "little Will Quinlan had not inherited...".
    *   Crucially, the specific instance of the word "baby" occurs in the phrase "what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   At the time of the genetic test (referenced as "last January"), was Will born yet?
        *   The text says "Emerging genetic tests... ushering in... predictive cancer diagnosis."
        *   "Bonnie became pregnant in 1987."
        *   If the test was done "last January", it was likely prenatal diagnosis (amniocentesis or CVS) to predict the status before birth. The phrasing "predictive... diagnosis" implies knowing beforehand. Also, the text says "Because of the isolation... it became possible... to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." This implies the test determines the status of the current pregnancy.
    *   However, WordNet senses often overlap in usage. Sense 1 is the hypernym/general sense. Sense 4 is specific to the unborn state.
    *   Let's look at the examples.
        *   Sense 1 examples: "the baby began to cry again"; "she held the baby in her arms". These imply a born child.
        *   Sense 4 examples: "I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby"; "it was great to feel my baby moving about inside". These explicitly denote the unborn state.
    *   In the sentence "what threat the Quinlan baby faced", the context is a genetic test. While "baby" is used to refer to the fetus in Sense 4, often "baby" (Sense 1) is used broadly to cover the child even before birth in common parlance (e.g., "We're having a baby").
    *   Let's check the timing in the narrative again. "Bonnie became pregnant in 1987." "it became possible last January to find out...". If the text was written in say, 1988 or 1989, and the test was Jan 1988, the baby might be born or unborn. But the text says "predictive... diagnosis". Predictive usually implies predicting future outcome (cancer) or status of the fetus before birth.
    *   Furthermore, the very next sentence calls him "little Will Quinlan".
    *   Let's look at the WordNet structure. Sense 1 is the most common, general sense. Sense 4 is restricted to "an unborn child; a human fetus".
    *   Is there evidence that the child is definitely unborn at the moment of reference? The test uses "genetic probes". This sounds like prenatal testing. If the test showed he didn't inherit the gene, and the context is "predictive cancer diagnosis", the standard interpretation of "the Quinlan baby" in a sentence discussing prenatal genetic screening is often the fetus.
    *   However, if the child is already born (indicated by "little Will Quinlan" potentially being an infant now), the referent "the Quinlan baby" might just be a reference to the child as an infant.
    *   Let's look at the WordNet definition again.
        *   Sense 1: "birth to 1 year".
        *   Sense 4: "unborn child".
    *   If the test was done *in utero*, Sense 4 is the precise technical sense. If the test was done after birth, Sense 1 is correct.
    *   The text says: "Because of the isolation... it became possible... to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." This phrasing often appears in narratives about prenatal testing. "Predictive cancer diagnosis" applied to a fetus/embryo makes sense.
    *   BUT, usually, if the baby is born, people say "their baby" or "the baby". The phrase "the Quinlan baby" is slightly formal/journalistic.
    *   Let's look at the timeline: "Bonnie became pregnant in 1987". "Last January" (presumably Jan 1988 if the article is from 1988/89). A pregnancy is 9 months. If she got pregnant in mid/late 1987, Jan 1988 is during the pregnancy. This strongly suggests the test was performed on the fetus. Therefore, the "Quinlan baby" is an unborn child at that specific point in the narrative timeline (the time of the test).
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 ("an unborn child; a human fetus") seems the most contextually accurate definition for the specific stage of development *at the time the word is used in the context of the genetic test*.
    *   Wait, let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 4 in common usage.
    *   "Baby" covers both born and unborn infants in general language. WordNet splits this.
    *   If the entity is unborn, Sense 4 is the target.
    *   If the entity is born, Sense 1 is the target.
    *   Context: "predictive... diagnosis", "genetic probes", "pregnant in 1987", "last January". This confirms the prenatal context.
    *   Therefore, the referent is a fetus.
    *   Does the text treat "baby" as "fetus" (Sense 4) or just "baby" (Sense 1)?
    *   Example for Sense 4: "carrying the baby".
    *   Context sentence: "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." The threat is regarding the genetic inheritance. This is determined prenatally.
    *   Is it Sense 4? Yes, the specific definition "an unborn child" fits the prenatal testing context better than Sense 1 ("birth to 1 year"). While Sense 1 is a hypernym in many people's minds, WordNet distinguishes them. Since the child is specifically being tested *before* birth (predictive, pregnant in '87, test in Jan), Sense 4 is the fine-grained correct choice.

    Let me reconsider if Sense 1 is applied broadly. Often, general corpora label "baby" as Sense 1 even when referring to a pregnancy (e.g., "having a baby"). But WordNet has a specific sense for unborn. In fine-grained WSD, if a specific sense exists for the state (unborn), and the context supports that state, we should choose it.
    *   Sentence: "Predictive cancer diagnosis."
    *   Action: Testing genes.
    *   Timing: During pregnancy.
    *   Entity: Unborn.
    *   Definition 4: "an unborn child".
    *   This seems a strong match.

    However, let's check if "the Quinlan baby" could refer to the child after birth. The narrative might be recounting the history. "It *became* possible... to find out...". "A test... showed that little Will Quinlan...". "Little Will Quinlan" implies he is now born (or the narrator knows him as Will). But the word "baby" is used *during the description of the testing event*. At the moment of the test, he was a fetus.
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the most accurate linguistic classification for the entity status at the time of the predicate (the test).
    *   Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 1. "a very young child (birth to 1 year)".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4. "an unborn child".
    *   Context: "Because of the isolation... it became possible... to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   The test happened in January. Bonnie became pregnant in 1987. The test was prenatal.
    *   Therefore, the baby was unborn at the time referred to as "the Quinlan baby".
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.

    Let's double check standard WSD practices on this specific ambiguity. Often, "baby" is annotated as Sense 1 (infant) even in pregnancy contexts because "baby" is the standard hypernym in colloquial speech. However, WordNet distinguishes Sense 4 specifically for this.
    Let's look at the examples provided in the prompt for Sense 4: "carrying the baby".
    Let's look at the context again. "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    If the context was "She is pregnant with a baby", Sense 4 is clear.
    Here, the context is about the *existence* of the child in the womb for the test.
    If I choose Sense 1, I ignore the "unborn" distinction provided by WordNet.
    If I choose Sense 4, I honor the prenatal context.

    Let's try to find a reason to choose Sense 1.
    Reason: The child is now named Will and referred to as "little Will". The narrator is looking back. Does "baby" refer to his age category (infant) or his biological status (fetus)?
    Usually, in "The Quinlan baby", "baby" functions to identify the child within the family unit. It implies the child is an infant (Sense 1).
    However, the *diagnosis* described is prenatal.
    "Predictive... diagnosis" -> Prenatal.
    The phrase "Quinlan baby" here is the object of the threat assessment via genetic probes.
    If the baby were born, they would swab the cheek. The text emphasizes "predictive" and "pregnant in 1987... test in Jan". This emphasizes the timing.
    WordNet 3.0/3.1 distinctions:
    Sense 1: baby, babe, infant.
    Sense 4: baby.
    If the context describes the child inside the mother or before birth, Sense 4.
    Although "baby" is often used for Sense 1 to cover both, Sense 4 exists for a reason. The "genetic probes" and "pregnant" context points to the unborn state.

    Let's compare the definitions strictly.
    Sense 1: "birth to 1 year". This definition explicitly starts at *birth*.
    Sense 4: "unborn child". This definition covers the prenatal period.
    Since the test occurred during the pregnancy (Jan 1988, conceived 1987), the entity was unborn.
    Strict adherence to WordNet definitions:
    Definition 1 says "birth to 1 year".
    Definition 4 says "unborn child".
    Since the child was unborn at the time of the event described (the test finding out the threat), Sense 4 is the strictly correct sense according to WordNet glosses.

    Let's check if there's any ambiguity about whether the test was post-natal.
    "Predictive cancer diagnosis... ushering in... new age."
    "Predictive" implies knowing *before* it happens.
    "Spot such cancer-susceptible individuals."
    If the child is born, you can spot it. If the child is unborn, you can spot it prenatally.
    The mention of "pregnant in 1987" and "last January" (presumably 1988) makes it prenatal.
    Therefore, the child is a fetus.
    Therefore, Sense 4.

    Let me verify if Sense 1 is sometimes used for "baby on the way".
    In WordNet, "baby" (Sense 1) usually implies a born infant. "Babe" or "Infant" are synonyms. You don't call a fetus an "infant" usually (neonate is infant).
    Sense 4 has no synonyms listed in this specific prompt snippet (actually the prompt lists no synonyms for 4? Let me check the prompt text).
    Prompt Sense 4: `definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside`
    Prompt Sense 1: `synonyms=babe, infant`
    The distinction "birth to 1 year" vs "unborn" is explicit in the gloss.
    Since the context is prenatal testing, Sense 4 is the intended fine-grained sense.

    Decision: Sense 4.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "face" and the surface form is "faced". The context is "...what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>."

2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Subject: "the Quinlan baby"
    *   Object: "what threat" (or just "threat")
    *   Meaning: The baby was *confronted with* or *subject to* a specific threat (a potential risk of cancer). The sentence describes the situation of the baby being in a position where a danger/risk was impending or potentially affecting him.

3.  **Examine the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `face%2:32:00::` - "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" (synonyms: confront, face up).
        *   *Analysis*: This implies an active stance of dealing with a problem. "He faced his problems." The baby is not actively dealing with a threat in a problem-solving sense. The threat is something hanging over him.

    *   **Sense 2**: `face%2:33:00::` - "oppose, as in hostility or a competition" (synonyms: confront).
        *   *Analysis*: This is about antagonism or sports. The baby isn't opposing the threat in a match.

    *   **Sense 3**: `face%2:42:00::` - "be oriented in a certain direction..." (synonyms: front, look).
        *   *Analysis*: Physical orientation. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 4**: `face%2:42:02::` - "be opposite".
        *   *Analysis*: Spatial position. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5**: `face%2:38:00::` - "turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction".
        *   *Analysis*: Movement/physical action. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6**: `face%2:32:03::` - "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize" (synonyms: confront, present).
        *   *Analysis*: "We confronted him with the evidence." This is a transitive usage where the subject presents the object to someone. Here, the structure is "the baby faced [a threat]". The threat isn't being presented to someone else. However, looking at the example "He was faced with all the evidence", this sense often captures the passive state of having something difficult in front of one.
        *   *Refinement*: Let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 6.
        *   Sense 1: "deal with... head on". Usually active agency.
        *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something... He was faced with...".
        *   Wait, let's look at the sentence structure again: "what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
        *   The baby is the entity that has the threat. The threat is the object.
        *   In many dictionaries (and WordNet), "face" regarding a threat/danger/penalty often maps to the sense of "confronting" a situation or "being confronted by" a situation.
        *   Let's check the nuances.
        *   Sense 1: "You must confront your problems." Active coping.
        *   Sense 6: "We confronted him with the evidence." Causative. OR "He was faced with..." State of having something before one.
        *   Is there a specific sense for "be confronted with/by" or "encounter"?
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". Does the baby "deal with" the threat? The baby *has* the threat. The threat exists for him.
        *   Let's look at a broader linguistic interpretation. "What threat he faced." This means "What threat was impending/confronting him."
        *   Often, WordNet distinguishes between "confront" (active) and "confront with" (causative).
        *   Sense 1: Active coping (facing the consequences).
        *   Sense 6: Usually "face with".
        *   Let's look for a sense that covers the idea of "being in the presence of a threat" or "having a threat impending".
        *   Some WordNet versions have a sense "face" = "encounter". But I must stick to the provided list.
        *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. The definition is "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". The examples are "You must confront your problems", "He faced the terrible consequences".
        *   In the context: "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
        *   If the baby "faced" a threat, does that mean he dealt with it? Or that the threat was there, waiting for him?
        *   Usually, "face a threat" implies the threat is imminent or present, and one must confront it. Even a baby can "face a threat" (the threat is the object of the facing).
        *   Sense 6 examples: "We confronted him with the evidence", "He was faced with all the evidence". This sense (Sense 6) seems focused on the construction "face [someone] with [something]" or the passive "be faced with". The active "face [something]" is usually Sense 1.
        *   However, is the baby actively "dealing with" it?
        *   Let's compare "face a threat". If I say "The soldier faced a threat," it usually means the threat was there. If I say "He faced his fear," it's active coping.
        *   WordNet Sense 1 is the general sense for "face" + [abstract unpleasant thing]. "face the terrible consequences". "face your problems". "face a threat".
        *   Although the baby is passive, the construction "face a threat" usually falls under the "confront/deal with" umbrella in WordNet structure (sense 1).
        *   Let's check Sense 2: "oppose... in hostility or competition". "Face Smith in the boxing ring". A threat isn't usually a person one opposes (unless personified), but "face a threat" isn't usually a competition.
        *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something". The example "He was faced with all the evidence" is passive. Our sentence is active voice: "the Quinlan baby faced [a threat]". Sense 6 is defined as "present somebody with something". You don't usually say "He faced the evidence" to mean "He presented himself with the evidence". You say "He was faced with the evidence".
        *   Therefore, Sense 6 is syntactically distinct (usually requires 'with' or passive construction to get the 'confront' meaning).
        *   So, Sense 1 "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" is the closest fit among the options, even if the "dealing with" aspect is not fully active for a baby. It captures the meaning of having the unpleasant thing (threat) in front of one, requiring confrontation. In English, "facing a threat" is treated as confronting it.

4.  **Final Verification**:
    *   Sentence: "...what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on".
    *   Example match: "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes". A threat is similar to a consequence in being an unpleasant abstract entity one is confronted by.
    *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something". The subject presents the object to an indirect object (implicit in definition "present somebody"). "We confronted him". Here, the baby is the subject. The baby is not presenting the threat to someone else. The baby is the one confronting the threat.
    *   Therefore, Sense 6 is incorrect because of the argument structure (Agent presenting Theme to Recipient). The baby is the Recipient/Experiencer, but the syntax is Subject-Verb-Object.
    *   In WordNet, the mapping for Subject-Verb-Object where Object is an unpleasant situation usually maps to Sense 1.

    Let's double check Sense 6's gloss: "present somebody with something...".
    Let's double check Sense 1's gloss: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on".
    Context: "face a threat".
    If a storm is coming, and I face the storm, I confront it (Sense 1).
    If I face a threat, I confront it (Sense 1).
    The fact that it's a baby might make "deal with" seem too agentive, but in linguistic categorization, "face [adversity/threat]" is the core of Sense 1.

    Let's check if there is a sense for "encounter". Sometimes WordNet maps "face" to "encounter". None of the provided senses explicitly say "encounter" in the gloss.
    Sense 1 says "deal with". Is facing a threat "dealing with it"? Yes, in the sense of standing before it.
    Sense 2 says "oppose". One can face a threat (oppose it).
    Sense 6 says "present". Incorrect usage here.

    Between Sense 1 and Sense 2:
    Sense 2 examples: "Jackson faced Smith", "confront your opponent". Competitors/Opponents.
    Sense 1 examples: "confront your problems", "terrible consequences". Abstract difficulties.
    "Threat" is an abstract difficulty/possibility, not a competitor (though a threat acts). It aligns better with "problems" and "consequences" (Sense 1) than "opponents" (Sense 2).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    **Sense Index**: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test <t>using</t> new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "using" in the context: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."

Let's analyze the senses:
1. use%2:34:01:: - put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose. (Synonyms: utilize, apply, employ). "A test using new genetic probes" means a test that employs/utilizes new genetic probes. This fits perfectly.
2. use%2:34:02:: - take or consume (regularly or habitually). Not fitting.
3. use%2:34:00:: - use up, consume fully. Not fitting.
4. use%2:41:14:: - seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage. Not fitting.
5. use%2:41:04:: - avail oneself to. Not fitting.
6. use%2:41:03:: - habitually do something (use only in the past tense). Not fitting.

The best sense is 1.