[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given <t>once</t> every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "once".
    *   Target surface form: "once".
    *   Context: A medical text describing the dosage and administration of the drug Alimta. The specific sentence is "It is given <t>once</t> every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `once%4:02:00::` (on one occasion / one time).
        2.  `once%4:02:02::` (as soon as / conjunction usage).
        3.  `once%4:02:01::` (at a previous time / formerly).
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "It is given once every three weeks..."
    *   Grammar: "once" is an adverb of frequency here modifying "given".
    *   Meaning: The administration happens *one time* within a specific period (every three weeks). It counts the number of occurrences per interval.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (`once%4:02:00::`):**
        *   Definition: "on one occasion".
        *   Synonyms: "one time", "in one case".
        *   Examples: "once I ran into her".
        *   Fit: This fits the idea of "one time" per cycle. The sentence implies a frequency: "one time every three weeks". The core meaning is a count of one instance. This matches the definition and synonyms (especially "one time").

    *   **Sense 2 (`once%4:02:02::`):**
        *   Definition: "as soon as".
        *   Examples: "once we are home, we can rest".
        *   Fit: This is a subordinating conjunction usage ("Once X happens, Y happens"). In the context "It is given once every three weeks", "once" is not acting as a conjunction connecting two clauses. It is an adverb of frequency. This sense is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3 (`once%4:02:01::`):**
        *   Definition: "at a previous time".
        *   Synonyms: "formerly", "at one time", "erstwhile", "erst".
        *   Examples: "at one time he loved her".
        *   Fit: This refers to the past history ("used to be"). The context is about a recurring schedule in the present/future treatment plan. It does not mean "formerly every three weeks". This sense is incorrect.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context "once every three weeks" clearly means "one time every three weeks".
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1 ("on one occasion", "one time").

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   Selected index: 1.
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Parasail


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: every
Target surface form: every
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once <t>every</t> three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=every%5:00:00:all:00 | definition=(used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly and without exception | examples=every person is mortal; every party is welcome
2. sense_key=every%5:00:02:all:00 | definition=each and all of a series of entities or intervals as specified | examples=every third seat; every two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target is "every" in the phrase "once every three weeks".
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes." The context describes a medical dosage schedule. The frequency is defined by an interval: "three weeks".
3.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 1**:
    *   Sense Key: `every%5:00:00:all:00`
    *   Definition: "(used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly and without exception"
    *   Examples: "every person is mortal", "every party is welcome"
    *   Analysis: This sense refers to individual members of a distinct group (people, parties). It implies universality within a set. Does "every three weeks" fit this? Not really. "Three weeks" is not a set of individual members like "persons" or "parties".
4.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 2**:
    *   Sense Key: `every%5:00:02:all:00`
    *   Definition: "each and all of a series of entities or intervals as specified"
    *   Examples: "every third seat", "every two hours"
    *   Analysis: This sense explicitly mentions "intervals" and series. The example "every two hours" is structurally and semantically very similar to "every three weeks". It denotes recurrence or spacing in a sequence.
5.  **Compare and Decide**:
    *   Context: "once every three weeks".
    *   Sense 1: Universality of group members.
    *   Sense 2: Recurrence/series/intervals.
    *   "Three weeks" represents a time interval. The usage here indicates a recurring interval. Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct match.
6.  **Formulate Output**: The user wants a JSON object with the index of the chosen sense. Sense 2 is index 2 (based on the numbered list provided).

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: weeks
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three <t>weeks</t> as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and form:** The target lemma is "week", and the surface form is "weeks" (plural).
2.  **Analyze the context:** The text describes the dosage and administration of a medicine called Alimta. Specifically, it says: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "any period of seven consecutive days". Synonyms: hebdomad. Example: "it rained for a week". This refers to a duration of time consisting of 7 days, regardless of the calendar start date.
    *   **Sense 2:** "hours or days of work in a calendar week". Synonyms: workweek. Example: "they worked a 40-hour week". This refers to employment/labor context.
    *   **Sense 3:** "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday". Synonyms: calendar week. This refers to a specific slot on the calendar (Sunday to Saturday).

4.  **Evaluate Sense 2:** The context is medical administration, not work hours. This is clearly incorrect.

5.  **Evaluate Sense 3:** The context says "once every three weeks". This implies a duration/timeline relative to the previous dose, not a specific calendar week (like "the first week of December"). It is about the interval between doses. While "calendar week" defines a specific slice of the year, the phrase "every three weeks" refers to a recurring duration of time (3 x 7 days).

6.  **Evaluate Sense 1:** The definition is "any period of seven consecutive days". The phrase "every three weeks" refers to a cycle where 21 days (3 periods of 7 days) pass. This matches the definition of a generic period of seven days. Even though it's plural ("weeks"), the core concept is the unit of time consisting of 7 days.

    *   Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 3 implies a fixed calendar slot (Sunday-Saturday). "Every three calendar weeks" would mean something like "every third Sunday-to-Saturday block". However, in medical dosing, if you take a drug on Monday, you take it again 3 weeks later on Monday. This fits "any period of seven consecutive days" (Sense 1) perfectly. It counts time duration, not specific calendar pages.
        *   Sense 1 is the general definition of a week as a time unit.

    *   Let's check the WordNet hierarchy/glossing again.
        *   Sense 1 (week%1:28:00::): "any period of seven consecutive days".
        *   Sense 3 (week%1:28:02::): "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".

    *   In the context "once every three weeks", the word "week" refers to the time unit (7 days). If I take medicine on Jan 1st, I take it again on Jan 22nd. That is a period of 21 days, or three periods of 7 days. It does not matter which day of the week it is (Sunday vs Monday start). Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct general definition.

7.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 represents the general time unit of seven days, which is how "weeks" is used to measure the interval between doses.

8.  **Formatting Output:** Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: infusion
Target surface form: infusion
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous <t>infusion</t> lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=infusion%1:27:00:: | definition=a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water) | synonyms=extract
2. sense_key=infusion%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)
3. sense_key=infusion%1:04:00:: | definition=(medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)
4. sense_key=infusion%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of infusing or introducing a certain modifying element or quality | examples=the team's continued success is attributable to a steady infusion of new talent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "infusion", used in the surface form "infusion".
2.  **Analyze the context:** The text describes the administration of a drug called "Alimta" (a chemotherapy medicine). The specific sentence is: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes." Key phrases: "intravenous infusion", "given... as an infusion", "medicine", "chemotherapy".
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)" | synonyms=extract. This refers to making tea or herbal extracts. It does not fit the medical context of administering a drug into a vein.
    *   *Sense 2:* "the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)". This refers to the preparation method (like making tea), not the administration method. Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 3:* "(medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)". Key terms: "medicine", "introduction... into a vein", "drug". This matches "intravenous infusion" perfectly. It describes the *act* or *process* of putting the medicine into the body.
    *   *Sense 4:* "the act of infusing or introducing a certain modifying element or quality". Examples: "infusion of new talent". This is metaphorical. Incorrect.
4.  **Evaluate against context:** The context explicitly mentions "intravenous infusion" as the method of giving a medicine. Sense 3 is the medical definition for the introduction of a fluid/drug into a vein.
5.  **Select the best index:** Sense 3 is the correct choice.
6.  **Format the output:** The user requested a specific JSON format: `{"sense_index": 3}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: lasting
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion <t>lasting</t> 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%2:42:00:: | definition=persist for a specified period of time | synonyms=endure | examples=The bad weather lasted for three days
2. sense_key=last%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "lasting" used as a verb form of "last" in the context of an intravenous infusion "lasting 10 minutes."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=last%2:42:00:: | definition=persist for a specified period of time | synonyms=endure | examples=The bad weather lasted for three days

2. sense_key=last%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America

The context is about an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes - meaning the infusion persists/continues for a specified period of time (10 minutes). This clearly matches sense 1, which is about persisting for a specified period of time.

Sense 2 is about surviving through hardship or adversity, which doesn't fit this context at all. An infusion isn't "surviving" or "living through hardship" - it's simply continuing for a specified duration.

So the answer is sense 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minute
Target surface form: minutes
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 <t>minutes</t>. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minute%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour | synonyms=min | examples=he ran a 4 minute mile
2. sense_key=minute%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=minute%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
4. sense_key=minute%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree | synonyms=arcminute, minute of arc
5. sense_key=minute%1:10:00:: | definition=a short note | examples=the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting
6. sense_key=minute%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=hour | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "minute" and the surface form is "minutes". The context is: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 <t>minutes</t>."

2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence describes a medical procedure (intravenous infusion) and specifies a duration: "lasting 10 minutes". This clearly refers to a specific duration of time. The number "10" quantifies "minutes".

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:

    *   *Sense 1*: "a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour". Synonyms: min. Examples: "he ran a 4 minute mile".
        *   *Analysis*: This sense refers to a specific, measured unit of time. The context "lasting 10 minutes" fits perfectly here. It is a precise measurement (10 units of 60 seconds), not an indefinite short time.

    *   *Sense 2*: "an indefinitely short time". Synonyms: moment, mo, second, bit. Examples: "wait just a moment".
        *   *Analysis*: This sense refers to a vague, short duration. The context specifies "10 minutes", which is a precise duration. Furthermore, 10 minutes might not be considered "indefinitely short" in many contexts (though relative to chemotherapy, it might be short, the usage here is quantitative). The use of the number "10" makes this sense unlikely compared to Sense 1.

    *   *Sense 3*: "a particular point in time". Synonyms: moment, second, instant. Examples: "the moment he arrived the party began".
        *   *Analysis*: This refers to a temporal point (instantaneous or specific time point), not a duration. The context refers to a duration ("lasting 10 minutes").

    *   *Sense 4*: "a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree". Synonyms: arcminute, minute of arc.
        *   *Analysis*: This is geometry/geography related. The context is medical (time duration).

    *   *Sense 5*: "a short note". Examples: "the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting".
        *   *Analysis*: This refers to written records (meeting minutes). The context refers to time.

    *   *Sense 6*: "distance measured by the time taken to cover it". Synonyms: hour. Examples: "we live an hour from the airport".
        *   *Analysis*: This refers to spatial distance expressed in time units. The context "lasting 10 minutes" refers to the duration of an event, not the physical distance between two locations.

4.  **Select the best sense**: Sense 1 is the clear winner. It defines the standard unit of time, which matches the usage "10 minutes" denoting a specific duration.

5.  **Format the output**: The request asks for a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Since Sense 1 is the best match, the index is 1.

    *   Sense 1 is `sense_key=minute%1:28:00::`.
    *   The index corresponds to the order in the list provided.
    *   Candidate 1 -> Index 1.

    Double-checking the indexing instructions: "Choose the single best indexed sense". Usually, this implies using the 1-based index from the provided list.
    List:
    1. sense_key=minute%1:28:00:: ...
    2. sense_key=minute%1:28:01:: ...
    ...

    The match is with the first item.

    Therefore, `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minute
Target surface form: minutes
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 <t>minutes</t>. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minute%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour | synonyms=min | examples=he ran a 4 minute mile
2. sense_key=minute%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=minute%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
4. sense_key=minute%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree | synonyms=arcminute, minute of arc
5. sense_key=minute%1:10:00:: | definition=a short note | examples=the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting
6. sense_key=minute%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=hour | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 6. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "minutes" in a specific context.
The context involves a medical drug (Alimta) administration procedure.
The sentence segment is: "...intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:
1. **sense_key=minute%1:28:00::**: "a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour".
   - Context match: "lasting 10 minutes". This refers to a precise measurement of duration. 10 minutes is 10 * 60 seconds. This fits perfectly with the concept of a specific unit of time.
2. **sense_key=minute%1:28:01::**: "an indefinitely short time". Synonyms: moment, mo.
   - Context match: "10 minutes" is not indefinite; it is a specific count. 10 minutes isn't necessarily perceived as just a "moment" or "mo" in the sense of being immeasurably short or vague, although 10 minutes is short, the specific count "10" implies measurement.
3. **sense_key=minute%1:28:02::**: "a particular point in time". Synonyms: moment, instant.
   - Context match: The context describes a duration ("lasting"), not a specific point in time (e.g., "at the minute he arrived").
4. **sense_key=minute%1:23:00::**: "a unit of angular distance...".
   - Context match: This is about geometry/astronomy, not time. Irrelevant.
5. **sense_key=minute%1:10:00::**: "a short note".
   - Context match: The surface form is "minutes" (plural), but the context is about time duration, not meeting notes. The example "secretary keeps the minutes" makes this distinct.
6. **sense_key=minute%1:07:00::**: "distance measured by the time taken to cover it".
   - Context match: Example: "its just 10 minutes away". The context here is the duration of an infusion, not spatial distance calculated by travel time.

The phrase "lasting 10 minutes" clearly refers to the standard unit of time measurement (60 seconds x 10).
Sense 1 is the standard definition of the time unit.

Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 1: Unit of time equal to 60 seconds.
Sense 2: Indefinitely short time.

The text says "lasting 10 minutes".
Does this refer to the specific unit (Sense 1) or the vague notion of a short time (Sense 2)?
When a number quantifies the word "minutes" (e.g., "5 minutes", "10 minutes"), it almost always refers to the specific unit of time (Sense 1).
Sense 2 is usually for phrases like "wait a minute" (meaning 'wait a short while', not necessarily exactly 60 seconds) or "in a minute".
Since there is a specific number "10", it refers to the measurable unit.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

The previous output was invalid JSON or incorrectly formatted. I must output strict JSON.
The target format is `{"sense_index": 1}`.

Wait, let's double check the output format constraints. "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
So I just need to output the JSON object.

Candidate selection:
Sense 1: Unit of time. Fits "10 minutes".
Sense 2: Short time. Does not fit specific count well in technical contexts.
Sense 3: Point in time. No.
Sense 4: Angular distance. No.
Sense 5: Note. No.
Sense 6: Distance. No.

Conclusion: Sense 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduce
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To <t>reduce</t> side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image
10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "To <t>reduce</t> side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid..." The goal is to minimize the severity or frequency of side effects caused by the medicine Alimta.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "cut down on; make a reduction in". Synonyms: cut down, cut back, trim. Examples: "reduce your daily fat intake", "cut back health benefits". This fits "reduce side effects" perfectly. It implies making something smaller in amount or degree.
    *   Sense 2: "make less complex". Example: "reduce a problem to a single question". This is about simplification/abstraction, not minimizing negative impacts.
    *   Sense 3: "bring to humbler or weaker state or condition". Example: "He reduced the population to slavery". This is about subjugation or destruction.
    *   Sense 4: Mathematical/Chemical abstraction (equations).
    *   Sense 5: Rank/demotion.
    *   Sense 6: "be the essential element". Idiomatic usage ("boils down to").
    *   Sense 7: "reduce in size; reduce physically". Synonym: "shrink". Example: "shrink the sweater". Side effects aren't being "shrunk" in physical size.
    *   Sense 8: "lessen and make more modest". Example: "reduce one's standard of living". Close to sense 1, but usually implies lifestyle changes or making something modest.
    *   Sense 9: "make smaller". Synonym: "scale down". Example: "reduce an image". Often refers to scale or dimensions.
    *   Sense 10: Chemistry (oxidation).
    *   Sense 11: "narrow or limit". Example: "reduce the influx". This is about limiting flow.
    *   Sense 12: "put down by force". Synonym: "repress".
    *   Sense 13: Biology (meiosis).
    *   Sense 14: Medicine (repositioning a bone).
    *   Sense 15: Phonetics (destress).
    *   Sense 16: "reduce in scope". Example: "manuscript must be shortened".
    *   Sense 17: Cooking (intransitive).
    *   Sense 18: Cooking (transitive).
    *   Sense 19: "lessen the strength or flavor". Synonyms: dilute, thin. While related to strength, "dilute" isn't quite right for "side effects".
    *   Sense 20: "take off weight".

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and others:**
    Sense 1 ("cut down on; make a reduction in") is the standard dictionary definition for decreasing the amount, degree, or severity of something abstract like "side effects", "risk", "intake", etc.
    The example "reduce your daily fat intake" parallels "reduce side effects" (reduce something undesirable/quantifiable).
    The definition "make a reduction in" covers the general sense of lowering the occurrence or severity.

4.  **Selection:** Sense 1 is the clear winner. It describes the general act of lowering or diminishing something (side effects).

    *   Target: "reduce side effects"
    *   Sense 1 definition: "make a reduction in"
    *   Sense 1 examples: "reduce your daily fat intake"

    This aligns semantically.

5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object with the index. The index for sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce <t>side effects</t>, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target lemma is "side_effect" (noun), surface form "side effects" (plural). The context is a medical text about the drug Alimta. The specific sentence is: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid..."

2.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   Sense Key: `side_effect%1:26:00::`
    *   Definition: "a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy"
    *   Examples: "severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug"
    *   Domain: Medical/Pharmaceutical.
    *   Fit: The context explicitly discusses a drug ("Alimta", "anticancer chemotherapy") and mentions taking corticosteroids/folic acid to reduce these effects. The example sentence matches the context perfectly (drug context).

3.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   Sense Key: `side_effect%1:19:00::`
    *   Definition: "any adverse and unwanted secondary effect"
    *   Synonyms: "fallout"
    *   Examples: "a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal"
    *   Domain: General abstract/Events.
    *   Fit: This sense is broader. It refers to "fallout" or secondary consequences of events (like an accounting scandal). While "side effects" of drugs are technically "adverse and unwanted secondary effects," Sense 1 is the specific lexicalized term for drugs/therapy. Sense 2 is used more metaphorically or for non-medical consequences (e.g., political fallout, side effect of a policy).

4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context is strictly medical (drug administration).
    *   Sense 1 specifies "of a drug or therapy".
    *   Sense 2 is general and the example uses "fallout" in a business/scandal context.
    *   The hierarchy (lexical file) often distinguishes specific domains (like `1:26` often relating to specific categories, while `1:19` might be a broader event category). Even without knowing the specific lexnames, the definitions and examples are the key.
    *   Sense 1's example ("side effects of the drug") is verbatim the context usage.
    *   Sense 2's example ("fallout from the accounting scandal") is unrelated to medicine.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct, precise choice.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The best sense is index 1.

    JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, <t>patients</t> should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target lemma is "patient" and the surface form is "patients" (plural noun).
2.  **Analyze the Context:** The text describes a medicine called "Alimta," its administration ("under the supervision of a doctor"), dosage ("500 mg per square metre of body surface area"), and pre-treatment requirements ("take a corticosteroid and folic acid"). The specific sentence containing the target is: "To reduce side effects, **patients** should take a corticosteroid and folic acid..."
3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (patient%1:18:00::):** Definition: "a person who requires medical care". Example: "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly". This fits the general medical context perfectly. These are people receiving treatment with Alimta (an anticancer drug).
    *   **Sense 2 (patient%1:10:00::):** Definition: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause". Synonyms: "affected role, patient role". This is a linguistic/grammatical definition relating to semantic roles (thematic roles). While a person receiving treatment is semantically the patient of the verb "treat," the word "patients" in the sentence is referring to the people themselves (the individuals undergoing therapy), not the abstract grammatical role they play. The sentence talks about what these *people* should do (take medicine), which aligns with sense 1.
4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context describes a clinical setting: medicine, doctor, anticancer chemotherapy, dose, treatment.
    *   The word "patients" refers to the individuals receiving the medical care.
    *   Sense 1 defines exactly this: "a person who requires medical care".
    *   Sense 2 is a linguistic abstraction (semantic role). In the sentence "patients should take...", "patients" is the subject noun, referring to the human entity. It is not labeling the semantic role of the entity in a specific clause structure in a meta-linguistic way. It is referring to the people.
5.  **Final Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

Format requirement: JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: type
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "type"
    *   Target surface form: "type"
    *   Context: "...patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin)..."

2.  **Analyze the meaning in context:**
    *   The phrase is "a type of vitamin".
    *   "Vitamin" is a general category. "Folic acid" is a specific member or sub-category within that general category.
    *   The sentence is explaining that folic acid belongs to the broader class of vitamins.
    *   This usage refers to a classification or subdivision of a general category.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `type%1:09:00::` | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
        *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. Folic acid is a subdivision/category of vitamins. The example "what type of sculpture" parallels "a type of vitamin". It denotes a class or category within a larger class.

    *   **Sense 2:** `type%1:18:00::` | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to people/personality types. Not applicable to vitamins.

    *   **Sense 3:** `type%1:14:01::` | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
        *   *Analysis:* This is a specific biological taxonomy term (type specimen/type genus). While vitamins are related to biology, the usage here is general classification ("kind of"), not formal taxonomic nomenclature defining higher taxa.

    *   **Sense 4:** `type%1:10:01::` | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to typography/printing. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5:** `type%1:10:00::` | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to abstract tokens/symbols in linguistics or computing. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6:** `type%1:06:00::` | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character... | examples=he dropped a case of type...
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to the physical object used in printing presses. Not applicable.

4.  **Select the best match:**
    * definition for "kind, sort, class, or category". The context "a type of vitamin" clearly means "a kind of vitamin".

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instructions ask for a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The index corresponds to the numbered list in the prompt.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *   Wait, let me double check the numbering.
    *   1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: (Subdivision of a kind) -> Matches "type of vitamin".
    *   2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: (Person/eccentric)
    *   3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: (Biology taxon)
    *   4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: (Printed characters)
    *   5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: (Tokens)
    *    sense_key=type


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injections
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive <t>injections</t> of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The target word is "injections" (plural noun), derived from the lemma "injection".
2.  **Analyze the Context**: The sentence is: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive <t>injections</t> of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."
    *   The context involves a medical setting (Alimta, anticancer chemotherapy, doctor supervision).
    *   Patients "receive" these injections.
    *   The injections contain "vitamin B12".
    *   This is a medical procedure to administer a substance (vitamin B12) into the body.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `injection%1:04:00::` | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure.
        *   *Critique*: This sounds like a mechanical or engineering definition (e.g., fuel injection in an engine). While there is pressure in medical injections, the definition "forceful insertion... under pressure" is not the primary sense for a medical treatment context involving vitamin B12.
    *   **Sense 2**: `injection%1:27:00::` | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant.
        *   *Critique*: This refers to the *substance* being injected (the solution itself). While one could say "The injection was painful" referring to the event, or "The injection is in the cabinet" referring to the liquid. Here, patients receive "injections of vitamin B12". Does "receive injections" refer to the event or the substance? "Receive injections" usually refers to the administration events. However, "receive an injection" can mean receiving the dose. But let's look at Sense 3.
    *   **Sense 3**: `injection%1:04:01::` | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot.
        *   *Critique*: This refers to the *act* or *process*. The synonym "shot" is very common in medical contexts for receiving an injection (e.g., "getting a shot"). The example "the nurse gave him a flu shot" aligns perfectly with "patients ... receive injections". Patients receive the *act* of injection, or the treatment event.

4.  **Compare Sense 2 and Sense 3**:
    *   Sense 2 defines the *solution*.
    *   Sense  *   Context: "...receive injections of vitamin B12..."
    *   If the text said "The injection was stored in the vial," it would be Sense 2 (the solution).
    *   Since the text says patients *receive* injections (undergoing a procedure) to reduce side effects, it refers to the administration event. The synonym "shot" strongly supports Sense 3.
    *   Is there ambiguity? "Receive injections" could technically imply receiving the substance, but in standard English usage, "getting/receiving an injection" refers to the medical procedure (Sense 3). The presence of the preposition "of" ("injections of vitamin B12") emphasizes the content, but the head noun "injections" in this verb frame usually denotes the event. "Patients receive shots" matches the synonym provided in Sense 3.

5.  **Final Decision**: Sense 3 is the best fit. It describes the medical procedure (the act) of putting liquid into the which is what patients


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during <t>treatment</t> with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `treatment`
    *   Context snippet: "...patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during **treatment** with Alimta."
    *   Subject matter: Medical context (Alimta, anticancer chemotherapy, doctor, dose, intravenous infusion, side effects).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `treatment%1:04:00::` -> "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)". Synonyms: `intervention`. This sense specifically focuses on *medical procedures*.
    *   **Sense 2:** `treatment%1:04:01::` -> "the management of someone or something". Synonyms: `handling`. Examples: handling of prisoners, treatment of water sewage. This is about management or processing, not necessarily medical care for an illness.
    *   **Sense 3:** `treatment%1:07:00::` -> "a manner of dealing with something artistically". Examples: treatment of space in architecture. This is clearly artistic/abstract.
    *   **Sense 4:** `treatment%1:10:00::` -> "an extended communication... dealing with some particular topic". Synonyms: `discussion`, `discourse`. Examples: discussion of modal logic. This is about written/spoken exposition.

3.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The context explicitly discusses "Alimta" (a chemotherapy drug), "anticancer chemotherapy", "doctor", "dose", "side effects".
    *   The phrase "treatment with Alimta" refers to the medical regimen or course of therapy the patient is undergoing.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions "medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury".
    *   Sense 2 (management/handling) is too broad and doesn't capture the specific medical nature of the intervention.
    *   Sense 3 and 4 are irrelevant to the medical domain.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice. It matches the definition and the context perfectly.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about administering a drug (Alimta) to a patient. The sentence is "When Alimta is given with cisplatin..." This refers to giving/administering a medication to a patient.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. give%2:40:03:: - cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense - Examples: She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. give%2:40:05:: - be the cause or source of - Examples: He gave me a lot of trouble
3. give%2:40:00:: - transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody
4. give%2:40:07:: - convey or reveal information
5. give%2:32:01:: - convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow
6. give%2:36:02:: - organize or be responsible for
7. give%2:32:00:: - convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture
8. give%2:40:01:: - give as a present; make a gift of
9. give%2:36:03:: - cause to happen or be responsible for
10. give%2:31:02:: - dedicate
11. give%2:36:00:: - give or supply
12. give%2:40:09:: - transmit (knowledge or skills)
13. give%2:36:01:: - bring about
14. give%2:40:02:: - leave with; give temporarily
15. give%2:41:00:: - emit or utter
16. give%2:40:10:: - endure the loss of
17. give%2:40:06:: - place into the hands or custody of
18. give%2:32:03:: - give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
19. give%2:40:13:: - give (as medicine) - Examples: I gave him the drug
20. give%2:32:02:: - bestow
21. give%2:40:14:: - give or convey physically
22. give%2:40:11:: - bestow, especially officially
23. give%2:38:00:: - move in order to make room for someone for something
24. give%2:34:00:: - give food to
25. give%2:40:08:: - contribute to some cause
26. give%2:38:13:: - break down, literally or metaphorically
27. give%2:31:00:: - estimate the duration or outcome of something
28. give%2:41:10:: - execute and deliver
29. give%2:40:12:: - deliver in exchange or recompense
30. give%2:40:15:: - afford access to
31. give%2:36:13:: - present to view
32. give%2:36:12:: - perform for an audience
33. give%2:35:00:: - be flexible under stress of physical force
34. give%2:34:10:: - propose
35. give%2:32:11:: - accord by verdict
36. give%2:32:08:: - manifest or show
37. give%2:32:15:: - offer in good faith
38. give%2:32:14:: - submit for consideration, judgment, or use
39. give%2:32:09:: - guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion
40. give%2:32:10:: - allow to have or take
41. give%2:32:07:: - inflict as a punishment
42. give%2:30:13:: - occur
43. give%2:29:11:: - consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man
44. give%2:29:10:: - proffer (a body part)

Sense 19 is specifically about giving medicine: "give (as medicine)" with example "I gave him the drug". This fits perfectly with the context where Alimta (a medication) is being given to patients.

The context clearly refers to administering medical treatment, and sense 19 directly addresses this specific usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** medicine
    *   **Target Surface Form:** medicine
    *   **Context:** A text describing the usage, dosage, and side effects of the drug "Alimta". The specific sentence is: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."
    *   **Candidate Senses:**
        1.  Branches of medical science/nonsurgical techniques (field of study).
        2.  Something that treats/prevents/alleviates disease (substance/drug).
        3.  Learned profession (profession).
        4.  Punishment (idiom).
    *   **Constraints:** Single best indexed sense, no hedging, no sense key in output, JSON output only.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence mentions "an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting)".
    *   The context is about administering substances (Alimta, cisplatin, fluids, corticosteroids) to a patient.
    *   "Anti-emetic" describes the function of the substance (preventing vomiting).
    *   The word "medicine" here refers to a specific substance given to the patient to achieve a therapeutic effect (preventing vomiting).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1 (medical science/branch):* "An anti-emetic branch of medical science" does not make sense.
    *   *Sense 2 (medication/drug):* "An anti-emetic medication/drug" fits perfectly. The definition "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" matches the context of administering a substance to prevent vomiting.
    *   *Sense 3 (profession):* "An anti-emetic profession" does not make sense.
    *   *Sense 4 (punishment):* "An anti-emetic punishment" does not make sense.

4.  **Determine the Index:**
    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.
    *   The prompt asks for "sense_index".
    *   The list is numbered 1 to 4.
    *   Therefore, the index is 2.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "prevent" in this sentence:

"an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

Let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "keep from happening or arising; make impossible" with synonyms like forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid. Examples include "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer" and "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project."

2. Sense 2: "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" with synonyms like keep. Examples include "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" and "His snoring kept me from falling asleep."

In the given context, "prevent" is used in relation to preventing vomiting and preventing dehydration. The medicine is given to stop vomiting from happening.

Let's analyze which sense better fits this usage:

Sense 1 focuses on "keeping from happening or arising" and "making impossible." The examples show situations where something is made impossible or forbidden from occurring.

Sense 2 focuses on "stopping someone or something from doing something or being in a certain state." The examples include preventing cancer from spreading (stopping a process) and keeping someone from falling asleep (stopping a state).

In our context, the anti-emetic medicine is meant to stop vomiting from occurring. Vomiting is not really an agent that "does something" - it's more of an event or condition that we want to keep from happening. Similarly, dehydration is a condition we want to avoid.

Looking more closely at the examples:
- Sense 1's examples involve making something impossible due to some factor (tact forbids an answer, role precludes involvement)
- Sense 2's examples involve stopping a process or state (cancer spreading, falling asleep)

The context of preventing vomiting and dehydration seems closer to Sense 1 - we want to keep these conditions from happening or arising. The medicine makes it impossible (or at least less likely) for vomiting and dehydration to occur.

However, the example "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" in Sense 2 is similar to our context. Just as we're preventing vomiting/dehydration, the example is preventing cancer from spreading. Both involve stopping a negative medical outcome.

Given the medical context and the similarity to the example in Sense 2, I think Sense 2 is the better fit. The anti-emetic medicine is meant to stop the patient from experiencing vomiting, which aligns with Sense 2's definition of "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "prevent" in this context is sense 2.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 2}

content: sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The question asks me to disambiguate the word "fluids" in the given context.

Context: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

In this medical context, "fluids" refers to liquids (like water, saline, or other hydration solutions) that are administered to patients to prevent dehydration. The context specifically mentions that these fluids are "given before or after the cisplatin dose" and are intended "to prevent dehydration."

Sense 1 defines fluid as "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" - this is a more general definition that could apply to various substances.

Sense 2 defines fluid as "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas" - this definition explicitly mentions "a liquid or a gas" and describes the physical properties of fluids.

In the medical context of administering hydration to prevent dehydration, "fluids" typically refers to liquids (like saline solutions, water, or other hydration fluids) that are given intravenously or orally. The mention of "to prevent dehydration" strongly indicates we're talking about liquids specifically.

Sense 2 seems more appropriate because:
1. It explicitly mentions "a liquid or a gas" which better matches the medical context of hydration fluids.
2. The definition emphasizes the physical properties of fluids (flowing, conforming to containers) which matches how medical fluids behave.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best match for this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: *fluid*
    *   Target surface form: *fluids*
    *   Context: Medical text about the drug Alimta. Specifically: "...and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `fluid%1:27:02::`: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure"
        2.  `fluid%1:27:00::`: "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence discusses giving "fluids" to a patient to prevent dehydration in a clinical setting (oncology).
    *   Medical usage of "fluids" usually refers to liquid substances (saline, electrolytes, water) administered intravenously or orally for hydration.
    *   The parenthetical clarification "(to prevent dehydration)" strongly indicates that these are liquids used for volume replacement/hydration.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (`fluid%1:27:02::`):** Definition: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure".
        *   This definition emphasizes the physical state at a specific condition. While technically true for water/saline, WordNet often differentiates between specific hyponyms and general physics definitions. Let's look deeper. Actually, usually, WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 hierarchies place `fluid%1:27:00::` as the superordinate (hypernym) for liquids and gases, or sometimes specific: usually refers to the physical state property or a specific category. In some versions, this is the specific substance sense.
            *   Sense 2: usually refers to the general physical state "liquid or gas".
        *   Let's re-read the definitions provided carefully.
            *   Sense 1: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure". This sounds like a distinct substance (like water, oil, etc. but categorized by state).
            *   Sense 2: "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow...: When doctors give "fluids", they are giving specific substances (liquids).
        *   However, WordNet distinctions are often tricky. Let's look at the synsets associated with these definitions.
        *   `fluid%1:27:00::` (often synset `14843812`) usually includes "fluid, liquids". It treats fluid as a synonym for liquids/gases collectively.
        *   `fluid%1:27:02::` (often synset `14844109` or similar) might be the specific count noun usage.

    *   Let's look at the gloss "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure". This sounds like a specific kind of substance.
    *   Let's look at the gloss "continuous amorphous matter...". This is the mass noun / physics sense.

    *   In the context "give fluids", "fluids" acts as a count noun (plural). "I gave him two liters of fluids".
    *   Sense 2 ("continuous amorphous matter") feels more like the mass noun physics concept (Fluid Mechanics). "Fluid dynamics".
    *   Sense 1 ("a substance that is fluid...") feels more like the countable entity.
    *   Wait, let me check standard WordNet mappings for similar contexts.
    *   Usually, "body fluids" or "drinking fluids" maps to the sense relating to liquid matter distinct from solid.
    *   Let's look at the provided definition for Sense 1 again: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow...".

    *   Hypothesis: In medical contexts, "fluids" refers to liquids. Sense 2 explicitly mentions "a liquid or a gas". Sense 1 defines it by room temperature conditions.
    *   Actually, in WordNet 3.0/3.1:
        *   The synset `{fluid}` (hypernym: room temperature and pressure.
                *   2. `14844109`: continuous amorphous matter...

    *   Wait, usually, the order in WordNet is by frequency/commonness.
        *   Sense 1 ("substance that is fluid at room temperature...") is often the sense used for "body fluids" or "intravenous fluids". This sense treats "fluid" as a type of substance (distinct from a solid substance).
        *   Sense 2 ("continuous amorphous matter...") is the physics definition (often used in "fluid dynamics").
    *   Let's double-check this against the provided definitions.
        *   Sense 1: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure". This fits "intravenous fluids" (saline, etc.). They are substances. They are fluid at room temp.
        *   Sense 2: "continuous amorphous matter...". This is the abstract physics definition. You don't "give continuous amorphous matter" to a patient. You give a substance.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It refers to the physical substance (liquid) used for hydration.

    *   Let's double check if Sense 2 is ever used for medical contexts. Sense 2 is strictly the state of matter physics definition (superordinate concept). Sense 1 is the hyponym of substance. "Fluids" in the text are specific substances (liquids) administered.
    *   Medical text: "intravenous fluids". These are substances.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1.

    *   Let's verify definitions again.
        *   Candidate 1: `fluid%1:27:02::` | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure. (Matches the "substance" aspect).
        *   Candidate 2: `fluid%1:27:00::` | definition=continuous amorphous matter... (Matches the physics concept).

    *   Decision: Sense 1.

    *   Let's quickly check if the indexing in the prompt implies 1-based indexing. "Choose    *   Candidate 1 definition: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure".
    *   Candidate 2 definition: "continuous amorphous matter...".
    *   Context: "...fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given..."
    *   The fluids are substances (water/saline).
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Let's verify the sense keys if possible (though I shouldn't output them).
        *   `fluid%1:27:02::` typically maps to the synset "14843812-n". Gloss: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure".
        *   `fluid%1:27:00::` typically maps to the synset "-n". Gloss: "continuous 1: Substance.
    *   Sense 2: Physics matter state.
    *   Selection: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to <t>prevent</t> dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "prevent" in the given context:

The context is about medical treatment with Alimta (a chemotherapy drug). The specific sentence is:
"fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

So here, "prevent" is used in the sense of stopping dehydration from happening - the fluids are given to stop dehydration from occurring.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project

2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Analyzing the context:
- "prevent dehydration" means to stop dehydration from happening/occurring
- Dehydration is a condition/state, not an agent doing something
- The goal is to keep dehydration from arising/happening

Sense 1 emphasizes "keep from happening or arising; make impossible" - this fits well with preventing a condition like dehydration from arising.

Sense 2 emphasizes "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" - the examples show preventing an active process (cancer spreading) or keeping someone from doing something (snoring keeping someone from sleeping).

Looking at the examples for sense 2: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - this is about stopping an active process. "His snoring kept me from falling asleep" - this is about keeping someone from doing something.

The example for sense 1 includes "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement" which is about making something impossible.

In the medical context "prevent dehydration", the meaning is more about keeping a condition from arising/happening, which aligns better with sense 1's definition "keep from happening or arising."

However, let me reconsider. Dehydration is a state. Is the meaning:
- Keep dehydration from arising/happening (sense 1)?
- Stop dehydration from being in a certain state (sense 2)?

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "keep from happening or arising" - preventing an event/condition from occurring
- Sense 2: "stop from doing something or being in a certain state" - this has a different structure, implying something/someone is being stopped from an action or state

The example in sense 2 "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - cancer spreading is an ongoing process being stopped.
The example in sense 2 "His snoring kept me from falling asleep" - someone being kept from an action/state.

In "prevent dehydration," we're keeping dehydration (a condition) from happening. This seems more aligned with sense 1 - keeping something from arising.

But wait, sense 2 says "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state." Dehydration is a state, and we're preventing it from being (from existing/occurring).

Hmm, let me think about this more carefully. The examples are helpful:
- Sense 1 example: "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement" - making involvement impossible
- Sense 2 example: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - stopping an active process

"Prevent dehydration" - we're stopping dehydration from occurring. Is dehydration "happening or arising" (sense 1) or is it "being in a certain state" (sense 2)?

I think dehydration here is viewed as a condition that could arise, and we're keeping it from arising. This aligns more with sense 1's "keep from happening or arising."

Also, the synonym "foreclose" and "preclude" in sense 1 suggest making something impossible to occur, which fits well with preventative medical measures.

Sense 2's synonym "keep" and examples suggest more of an ongoing blockage or interference with an action or process.

Given this analysis, I believe sense 1 is the better fit for "prevent dehydration" in this medical context.