[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings <t>today</t> at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "today" in the context: "An entirely new band rings <t>today</t> at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation."

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about bell ringers in the Church of England
- It describes a conflict between vicars and bell ringers over attending services
- Two years ago, Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone sacked the entire band of ringers
- Now, an entirely new band rings "today" at Great Torrington

The question is: what does "today" mean here?

Sense 1: "the present time or age" - a more general, abstract sense referring to the current era or general present time period
Sense 2: "the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)" - referring specifically to the current day

In this context, the sentence "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington" is talking about the current day. The ringing happens on the day the article was written/read. This is referring to a specific day - the present day as opposed to other days.

However, I need to think more carefully. The context says "Two years ago" something happened, and now a new band rings "today." This suggests that "today" refers to the current point in time when the article is being read/written - i.e., the present moment or current day.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "the world of today; today we have computers" - these are more about the present era/age
- Sense 2: "Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?" - these refer to the specific current day

In this case, "rings today at Great Torrington" seems to refer to the current day - on the day this article is being read, the new band rings. This matches sense 2 better - it's about the specific day that includes the present moment.

Actually, let me reconsider. The sentence structure "rings today at Great Torrington" could be interpreted as:
- On the current day (sense 2)
- At the present time/in the present era (sense 1)

Given that this is in contrast to "Two years ago" when the previous band was sacked, and the article is describing the current situation, I think this could go either way. But the more natural reading in "rings today" seems to be about the current day - as in, "the band rings on this day" or "on the day you're reading this."

Actually, I think sense 2 is better. When we say something "rings today" or someone "works today," we're typically referring to the specific current day, not the general present era. The contrast with "Two years ago" establishes a timeline, and "today" marks the current point on that timeline - the present day.

Let me finalize: The context is describing an ongoing situation at the time of writing, and "today" refers to the current day when the ringing happens. This aligns with sense 2.

{"sense_index": 2}

provider: Together


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are <t>members</t> of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target lemma is "member" and the surface form is "members". The context is a paragraph about church bell ringers and their relationship with the church congregation.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are <t>members</t> of the congregation."
    *   Preceding context: Discusses a conflict between a vicar and bell ringers who didn't attend services. The vicar wanted them to be part of the church community.
    *   Key phrase: "...members of the congregation."
    *   Meaning: Individuals who belong to the group of people attending the church.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `member%1:18:00::` | Definition: one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | Synonyms: fellow member | Examples: "only members will be admitted", "a member of the faculty".
        *   *Fit:* This fits perfectly. A "congregation" is a social group (specifically a religious one). "Members of the congregation" refers to people who have joined or participate in that group. The definition mentions "persons who compose a social group".

    *   **Sense 2:** `member%1:24:00::` | Definition: anything that belongs to a set or class | Examples: "snakes are members of the class Reptilia".
        *   *Fit:* This is too abstract/technical. While a person *is* a member of the class "humanity" or "congregation" in a set-theory sense, WordNet usually distinguishes between "members of a social group" (people) and "members of a set/class" (items, categories). The phrase "members of the congregation" implies social belonging, not just set inclusion.

    *   **Sense 3:** `member%1:08:00::` | Definition: an external body part that projects from the body | Synonyms: extremity, appendage.
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect context. This refers to anatomy (arms, legs).

    *   **Sense 4:** `member%1:14:00::` | Definition: an organization that is a member of another organization.
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. This refers to organizations (like a library branch or a country), not individual people.

    *   **Sense 5:** `member%1:08:01::` | Definition: the male organ of copulation.
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect context.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense. It refers to individual people belonging to a social group (the congregation).

5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Since the list starts with 1, I will assign index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "congregation" in the context of a church setting. Let me analyze the context:

The passage discusses bell ringers at a church, tensions between vicars and ringers about attending services, and membership in the Church of England. The key sentence is:

"An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church" with synonyms "fold, faithful" - This is specifically about church congregants, people who attend church services regularly.

2. "an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together" with examples like "a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over" - This is a more general sense of gathering.

3. "the act of congregating" with synonym "congregating" - This refers to the action, not the group.

In this context, the word "congregation" clearly refers to the people who attend church services regularly. The sentence says ringers are "members of the congregation" - meaning they belong to the group of regular church attendees. This is a church setting, talking about people who attend services.

Sense 1 is the best match - it refers specifically to church attendees, which fits perfectly with the context about vicars, church services, and the Churchof England.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there <t>still</t> are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine which one best fits the usage of "still" in this passage.

The sentence with the target word is:
"But there <t>still</t> are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."

This is talking about the situation at Great Torrington where a new band of ringers was established after the previous band was dismissed. Despite this new band (which includes congregation members), there remains a shortage of ringers - they still don't have enough people to ring all the bells.

Let me evaluate each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation
Examples: "it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?"

This sense refers to a condition continuing without change. In our context, the insufficient number of ringers continues to be the case, even after changes to the band. This could fit.

2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
Synonyms: however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so
Examples: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed"

This sense suggests contrast or concession - despite some factor, something else remains true. In our context, the sentence begins with "But there still are not enough ringers..." suggesting a contrast with what might have been expected after getting a new band. This sense could fit well here.

3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons
Synonyms: even, yet
Examples: "looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem"

This sense is used in comparisons to intensify. Our context doesn't have a comparative construction, so this sense doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound
Synonyms: stock-still
Examples: "he sat still as a statue; time stood still"

This sense refers to physical stillness or lack of motion/sound. This doesn't fit our context at all.

Comparing senses 1 and 2 (which are the only plausible options):

Sense 1 focuses on continuity without change - "the situation continues to be the case."

Sense 2 focuses on concession/contrast - "despite X, Y remains true."

In our context, the sentence is "But there still are not enough ringers..." The word "But" at the beginning already establishes a contrast with the preceding information (about getting a new band). The word "still" here reinforces that despite having a new band, the problem persists.

The sentence structure aligns better with sense 2, where "still" is used to indicate concession - even though there's a new band (which one might expect would solve the shortage), there still aren't enough ringers.

So I believe sense 2 is the best fit for this context.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough <t>ringers</t> to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma**: "ringer" (plural "ringers").
2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling..."
    *   "...strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."
    *   "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone... got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band..."
    *   "...the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest."
    *   "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."
    *   The context clearly discusses church bells, vicars, congregations, and the specific activity of ringing bells in a church tower.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   *Sense 1*: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" | Synonyms: toller, bell ringer.
    *   *Sense 2*: "a person who is almost identical to another" | Synonyms: dead ringer, clone.
    *   *Sense 3*: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses".
    *   *Sense 4*: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg".

4.  **Match context to senses**:
    *   The context is about people who ring church bells ("ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells"). This matches the definition in Sense 1 perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (lookalike) is unrelated.
    *   Sense 3 (fake contestant) is unrelated.
    *   Sense 4 (horseshoes game event) is unrelated.

5.  **Determine the best indexed sense**: Sense 1 describes exactly the people mentioned in the text (members of a band ringing church bells).

6.  **Format the output**: The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Since I need to choose the single best indexed sense, and the list starts numbering implicitly from 1, I will return the index corresponding to the first definition provided in the list.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct one.
    *   The index is 1.

    Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Target sentence: "But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells."
    *   Key entities: "ringers" (people who ring bells), "bells", "church" (implied by context of vicars, Church of England, etc.).
    *   Action: The subject "ringers" perform an action on the object "bells".
    *   Meaning: The act of causing the bells to sound.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `ring%2:39:00::` | definition="sound loudly and sonorously" | examples="the bells rang".
        *   *Analysis:* This is an intransitive sense (subject sounds). The bells ring. In the context, "ringers" (agents) are ringing "more than six of the eight bells" (objects). The context demands a transitive verb (causing the bells to sound).

    *   **Sense 2:** `ring%2:39:04::` | definition="ring or echo with sound" | examples="the hall resounded with laughter".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a location echoing. "The hall rings with laughter." Not fitting here where ringers are acting on bells.

    *   **Sense 3:** `ring%2:39:01::` | definition="make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" | examples="Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church".
        *   *Analysis:* This is the transitive sense. Definition: "make (bells) ring". Context: "ringers to ring ... bells". This matches perfectly. The examples ("Ring the bells", "My uncle rings...") align with the context of church bell ringing.

    *   **Sense 4:** `ring%2:32:00::` | definition="get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone" | synonyms="call, telephone".
        *   *Analysis:* Clearly about telephones. Not relevant to church bells.

    *   **Sense 5:** `ring%2:35:00::` | definition="attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify" | synonyms="band".
        *   *Analysis:* This is about banding birds. Not relevant here.

    *   **Sense 6:** `ring%2:35:03::` | definition="extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle" | synonyms="surround".
        *   *Analysis:* This is about geography/spatial arrangement (e.g., "trees ring the lake"). Not relevant here.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is intransitive (ergative potentially, but glossed as "sound loudly"). The context has "ringers to ring ... bells". "Ringers" are the agents. "Bells" are the patients. The action is causative (making the bells sound).
    *   Sense 3 explicitly states "make (bells) ring".
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."
    *   Target: ring.
    *   Subject: ringers.
    *   Object: more than six of the eight bells.
    *   Matched Sense: Sense 3 (make bells ring).

5.  **Output Formatting:**
    *   Request requires a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 3}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *bell*
    *   Target surface form: *bells*
    *   Context snippet: "...there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent..."
    *   The context describes church bells, located in a tower ("treated the tower as sort of a separate premises"), rung by "ringers" (people who ring bells), associated with the Church of England.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". This fits the physical object found in churches.
    *   *Sense 2:* "a push button at an outer door... doorbell". Incorrect. The text mentions a tower and ringers, not a button.
    *   *Sense 3:* "the sound of a bell being struck". The text says "ring more than six of the eight bells" and "bells have fallen silent". While "bells have fallen silent" implies the sound stopped, the phrase "ring... bells" treats the object as the physical thing being acted upon by the ringers. One rings a physical bell to produce sound. "Eight bells" refers to the count of physical objects, not sounds. Therefore, this is the object sense, not the sound sense.
    *   *Sense 4:* "nautical... half-hour units". Incorrect. Context is a church, not a ship.
    *   *Sense 5:* "the shape of a bell". Incorrect. The text refers to physical objects that can be rung, not shapes or outlines.
    *   *Sense 6, 7, 8:* Proper nouns (people). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 9:* "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells... chime, gong". This refers to an orchestral instrument or a specific type of set (chimes/gong). While church bells are instruments, Sense 1 is the generic definition for the hollow metal device found in church towers. Sense 9 specifies "used as an orchestral instrument" and synonyms like "chime, gong". Church bells in a tower are usually referred to by Sense 1 in WordNet hierarchies. The definition of Sense 1 is the standard definition for church bells.
    *   *Sense 10:* "the flared opening of a tubular device". Incorrect.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The text talks about "church attendance", "vicars", "tower", "ringers".
    *   "Ringers" pull ropes attached to large, hollow metal devices in a church tower.
    *   Sense 1 defines a "hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". This perfectly matches the concept of a church bell.
    *   Sense 3 is a common distractor (sound vs. object), but the syntax "six of the eight bells" quantifies physical objects. You count the physical bells in the tower. You do not count "six of the eight sounds". Also, "ring the bells" acts upon the object.
    *   Sense 9 (chime/gong) is specific to orchestral/chime sets, whereas Sense 1 covers the individual large church bells common in the Anglican tradition described.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "six of the eight bells".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "a hollow device...".
    *   Match: Yes.

5.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object with the index.
    *   Index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the <t>bells</t> have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: bell
    *   Surface form: bells (plural noun)

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses the "Church of England", "vicars", "ringers" (people who ring bells), "tower" (church tower), "ring more than six of the eight bells", "St. Mary's Church".
    *   The specific sentence is: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>." and "At St. Mary's Church... the <t>bells</t> have fallen silent..."
    *   The context clearly refers to large metal musical instruments hung in a church tower, used for change ringing or signaling. They are struck or swung to make a sound.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: bell%1:06:00:: - a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.*
        *   This is the generic definition of a bell. It fits church bells perfectly. Church bells are hollow metal devices that ring.
        *   *Fit:* Strong.

    *   *Sense 2: bell%1:06:02:: - a push button at an outer door... (doorbell).*
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. These are large church bells in a tower, not doorbells.

    *   *Sense 3: bell%1:11:00:: - the sound of a bell being struck.*
        *   *Context:* "...ring more than six of the eight bells." You ring a physical object, not a sound. "...the bells have fallen silent..." Here, "bells" refers metonymically to the sound produced by the instruments, or the instruments themselves. However, the primary reference in "ring... the eight bells" is to the physical objects. In "the bells have fallen silent," it implies the instruments are not being rung. Sense 1 is the physical object. Sense 3 is the sound. While "bells" can refer to the sound, the usage "ring... the eight bells" treats them as countable physical objects to be operated by ringers. Therefore, Sense 1 is the core meaning.
        *   *Example comparison:* The example for Sense 3 is "she heard the distant toll of church bells". In the target text, "ringers to ring... bells", the verb "ring" takes a physical object (instrumental subject or object depending on the structure, here the ringers ring the bells). You don't "ring" a sound in this syntactic context; you ring the metal device. Even in "bells have fallen silent," it's the instruments that are silent. Sense 1 covers the physical device found in a church tower.

    *   *Sense 4: bell%1:28:00:: - nautical time units.*
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. This is a church context, not a nautical one.

    *   *Sense 5: bell%1:25:00:: - the shape of a bell.*
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. It refers to the objects themselves, not the abstract shape.

    *   *Sense 6, 7, 8: Proper nouns (phonetician, painter, inventor).*
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. Lowercase "bells".

    *   *Sense 9: bell%1:06:04:: - a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells... (chime, gong).*
        *   This sense usually refers to orchestral tubular bells or a specific setup often synonymous with "chime" or "gong". While church bells are percussion instruments, Sense 1 is the specific entry for the generic hollow metal device, which includes church bells. Sense 9's synonyms "chime, gong" often imply a different specific type of instrument or setup (like orchestral tubular bells or a gong). Church bells are best defined by Sense 1. Let's check the hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". This is the superordinate definition for church bells.
        *   Sense 9: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument". This sounds like Tubular Bells.
        *   Church bells are swung or rung by ropes (clappers inside), not usually struck with external hammers in the context of "ringers" (though clock hammers exist). The "ringers" in the text are people pulling ropes. Sense 1 is the broad definition that fits church bells best. Sense 9 is too specific to orchestral/chime contexts.

    *   *Sense 10: bell%1:06:03:: - the flared opening of a tubular device.*
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect.

4.  **Refine choice between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Text: "ring more than six of the eight bells".
    *   Can you "ring" a sound? No, you emit a sound. You ring a device.
    *   Text: "the bells have fallen silent".
    *   This could be the sound. However, the instrument sense is the primary sense, and "falling silent" is a property of the object ceasing to produce sound.
    *   WordNet distinction:
        *   Sense 1 is the artifact (instrument).
        *   Sense 3 is the phenomenon (sound).
    *   In the first instance ("ring... bells"), it is definitely the artifact. The second instance refers to the same objects mentioned previously. Therefore, it is the artifact.

5.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 is the definition for the physical object (artifact).
    *   Context: Church tower, ringers, ring the bells.
    *   This matches "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck".

    Let's check if there's a specific "church bell" sense. WordNet (3.1/3.0) usually treats "church bell" as a hyponym of Sense 1, or Sense 1 covers it broadly. The candidate list provided does not have a specific "church bell" sense key separate from Sense 1. Sense 1 is the correct choice for the physical object.

    *Verification of Sense 1:*
    "ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells"
    Ringers = people who play the bells.
    Bells = the instruments.
    Sense 1 = the instrument.

    *Verification of Sense 3:*
    "she heard the distant toll of church bells" -> here 'bells' refers to the sound/tone.
    In the text, "ring the bells", "bells" are the direct object of the action "ring". You ring the metal object. You don't ring the sound.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: silent
Target surface form: silent
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:quiet:01 | definition=marked by absence of sound | synonyms=soundless, still | examples=a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass
2. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to | synonyms=mum | examples=the witness remained silent
3. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=implied by or inferred from actions or statements | synonyms=tacit, understood | examples=gave silent consent; a tacit agreement
4. sense_key=silent%5:00:02:inaudible:00 | definition=not made to sound | synonyms=unsounded | examples=the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'; in French certain letters are often unsounded
5. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inaudible:00 | definition=having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility | examples=a silent dog whistle
6. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inarticulate:00 | definition=unable to speak because of hereditary deafness | synonyms=dumb, mute

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance."
    *   Subject: "the bells".
    *   Action: "have fallen silent".
    *   Meaning: The bells are not ringing. They are not producing sound. This is the core meaning here. It describes a state of auditory quietness regarding an object usually associated with sound.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `silent%5:00:00:quiet:01` | definition="marked by absence of sound" | synonyms="soundless, still" | examples="a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass".
        *   *Analysis:* This matches the context perfectly. The bells are not making noise. They are quiet. The definition "marked by absence of sound" fits "bells have fallen silent" (bells usually make sound, now they don't).

    *   **Sense 2:** `silent%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00` | definition="failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to" | synonyms="mum" | examples="the witness remained silent".
        *   *Analysis:* This applies to people or entities capable of communication. While bells "announce" things metaphorically, the primary sense here is physical sound. The context talks about a "dust-up" (conflict) and lack of ringers, resulting in no sound. It's not describing the bells as being "secretive" or "withholding information."

    *   **Sense 3:** `silent%5:00:00:implicit:00` | definition="implied by or inferred from actions or statements" | synonyms="tacit, understood" | examples="gave silent consent".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to abstract communication (tacit consent). The bells are physical objects not producing sound here.

    *   **Sense 4:** `silent%5:00:02:inaudible:00` | definition="not made to sound" | synonyms="unsounded" | examples="the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'".
        *   *Analysis:* This usually refers to letters in spelling or specific phonological contexts. While bells not ringing are "not made to sound," Sense 1 is the general adjective for "absence of sound." Sense 4 is specific to orthography/phonology in WordNet (often labeled 'unsounded').

    *   **Sense 5:** `silent%5:00:00:inaudible:00` | definition="having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility" | examples="a silent dog whistle".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to physics/frequency. The bells are standard church bells; they aren't ringing at ultrasonic frequencies. They just aren't ringing at all.

    *   **Sense 6:** `silent%5:00:00:inarticulate:00` | definition="unable to speak because of hereditary deafness" | synonyms="dumb, mute".
        *   *Analysis:* This applies to people/animals with a disability. Not applicable to inanimate objects like bells in this context.

3.  **Comparison and Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 describes the state of the bells (absence of sound).
    *   The phrase "fallen silent" is a common collocation meaning "become quiet" or "stop making noise."
    *   Sense 1's examples ("a silent house") parallel the context ("a silent bell").

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Formatting:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow
Target surface form: following
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `follow`
    *   Target surface form: `following`
    *   Context sentence: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent *following* a dust-up over church attendance."
    *   Usage: The word is functioning as a preposition or participle introducing a temporal clause. It indicates that the silence of the bells happened *after* a specific event (the dust-up).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   1. `follow%2:38:00::` | "to travel behind, go after, come after" (Physical motion).
    *   2. `follow%2:42:00::` | "be later in time" (Temporal sequence, usually chronological: Tuesday follows Monday).
    *   3. `follow%2:42:05::` | "come as a logical consequence; follow logically" (Causality/Logic).
    *   4. `follow%2:38:01::` | "travel along a certain course" (Physical path).
    *   5. `follow%2:41:00::` | "act in accordance with someone's rules..." (Obedience).
    *   6. `follow%2:42:01::` | "come after in time, as a result" (Temporal + Consequence).
    *   7. `follow%2:30:00::` | "behave in accordance or in agreement with" (Pattern/Example).
    *   8. `follow%2:42:02::` | "be next" (Ranking/Sequence).
    *   9. `follow%2:40:00::` | "choose and follow; as of theories..." (Adoption).
    *   10. `follow%2:42:03::` | "to bring something about at a later time than" (Active agent causing sequence).
    *   11. `follow%2:36:00::` | "imitate in behavior" (Copying).
    *   12. `follow%2:31:00::` | "follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development" (Monitoring).
    *   13. `follow%2:41:02::` | "follow with the eyes or the mind" (Watching).
    *   14. `follow%2:41:01::` | "be the successor (of)" (Succession/Office).
    *   15. `follow%2:36:01::` | "perform an accompaniment to" (Music).
    *   16. `follow%2:30:01::` | "keep informed" (News).
    *   17. `follow%2:42:04::` | "to be the product or result" (Origin/Result).
    *   18. `follow%2:41:10::` | "accept and follow the leadership..." (Leadership).
    *   19. `follow%2:41:11::` | "adhere to or practice" (Religion/Laws).
    *   20. `follow%2:41:09::` | "work in a specific place..." (Irrelevant definition, usually 'be').
    *   21. `follow%2:39:13::` | "keep under surveillance" (Surveil).
    *   22. `follow%2:38:13::` | "follow in or as if in pursuit" (Pursue).
    *   23. `follow%2:31:14::` | "grasp the meaning" (Understand).
    *   24. `follow%2:30:12::` | "keep to" (Stick to).

3.  **Narrow down to relevant senses:**
    The context establishes a temporal relationship between two events:
    Event A: The bells falling silent.
    Event B: A dust-up over church attendance.
    Relation: A happened after B (likely caused by B, but the word emphasizes the timing).

    Let's look at Sense 2, Sense 6, and Sense 10.
    *   Sense 2 (`follow%2:42:00::`): "be later in time". Examples: "Tuesday always follows Monday". This captures the temporal aspect. Is it sufficient?
    *   Sense 6 (`follow%2:42:01::`): "come after in time, as a result". Synonyms: "come after". Examples: "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake". This captures the temporal aspect *and* often implies a causal link (consequence). In the text, the silence is a direct result of the "dust-up". The "dust-up" caused the silence.
    *   Sense 10 (`follow%2:42:03::`): "to bring something about at a later time than". Examples: "She followed dinner with a brandy". This implies an agentive subject ("She") actively doing the second thing. The subject here is "the bells" (inanimate) or the situation. "The bells have fallen silent following a dust-up." The bells didn't "bring about" the dust-up later; the dust-up happened, and *then* the bells fell silent.

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 6:
    Sense 2 is strict chronology (Tuesday follows Monday).
    Sense 6 is "come after in time, as a result".
    In the text: "the bells have fallen silent *following* a dust-up".
    The silence is a consequence of the dust-up. The dust-up caused the stopping of the ringing. Therefore, the relationship is not just temporal sequence (like days of the week) but consequential.
    WordNet Sense 6 specifically includes "as a result" in the gloss.
    Example: "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" (Earthquake causes tsunami, tsunami follows earthquake).
    Context: "Bells fallen silent [Event A] following a dust-up [Event B]".
    Event A follows Event B.
    Does Event A happen as a result of Event B? Yes.
    Therefore, Sense 6 fits better than Sense 2 (which is pure temporal sequence without explicit causal implication in the definition/gloss, though often inferred).

    Let's check Sense 3: "come as a logical consequence; follow logically". Example: "It follows that your assertion is false".
    This is usually used for logical deduction (math, logic), not physical events like bells stopping or tsunamis.

    Let's check Sense 17: "to be the product or result". "Melons come from a vine". This focuses on origin. "The silence came from a dust-up". While true, Sense 6 ("come after in time, as a result") captures the specific "Event B -> Event A" temporal sequence better.

    Let's check the usage of "following" as a preposition/participle.
    "The bells fell silent following the argument."
    This maps to Sense 6 ("come after in time, as a result").
    The structure is [Event A] followed [Event B].
    "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake."
    "The silence followed the dust-up."
    The participle "following" acts as the verb "followed" acts in Sense 6.

    Let's double check Sense 2 vs Sense 6.
    Sense 2: "be later in time". Synonyms: "postdate".
    Sense 6: "come after in time, as a result". Synonyms: "come after".
    The dust-up *postdates* the silence? No, the silence comes *after* the dust-up.
    The silence *results from* the dust-up.
    Sense 6 is the standard WordNet sense for "follow" when one event follows another as a consequence.
    The example "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" is structurally very similar to "Silence followed the dust-up" (though here "following" is inverted in the sentence structure: "Event A happened following Event B").
    "Following X, Y happened." -> Y followed X.
    Sense 6 fits "Y followed X" where Y is a result of X.

    Conclusion: Sense 6 is the best fit. It covers the temporal sequence and the causal link implied in the context (the dispute caused the silence).

    Let's verify the index number.
    Candidate list:
    ...
    6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
    ...

    This looks correct.

    Let's review Sense 2 again just to be sure.
    Sense 2: "Tuesday always follows Monday". This is a recurring, necessary, non-causal (mostly) sequence.
    Sense 6: "Tsunami followed earthquake". This is a specific instance where the first event causes the second. The context "dust-up over church attendance" caused the "silence". It's a consequential following.

    Therefore, Sense 6 is superior to Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over <t>church</t> attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "church" in the context: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance."

Let me analyze the context:
- The phrase is "church attendance"
- This refers to attending church services
- The context is about ringers (bell ringers) being required to attend services

The key phrase is "church attendance" - this refers to the act of attending a church service, not the building itself, not the group of people, and not a denomination.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: - "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship" - This refers to a denomination like the Church of England. This doesn't fit "church attendance" - you don't attend a denomination.

2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: - "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" - This is the physical building. "Church attendance" could potentially refer to attending the building, but it's really about attending the service held there.

3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: - "a service conducted in a house of worship" with example "don't be late for church" - This is the religious service itself. "Church attendance" would mean attendance at church services. This fits well.

4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: - "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church" - This is the congregation. "Church attendance" doesn't mean attendance of the congregation.

The phrase "church attendance" most naturally refers to attending the church service. The example "don't be late for church" shows this sense well - it's about the service/event, not the building or denomination.

Sense 3 is the best fit.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The <t>vicar</t>, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word**: The word is "vicar".
2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   "Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon..."
    *   "St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset..."
    *   "C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church..."
    *   The context mentions "Church of England" implicitly through geography (Devon, Somerset are in England) and explicit structures (parish system implies C of E).
    *   The text discusses a "congregation", "altar", "parish" concepts (implied by the title and setting).
    *   The role involves authority over the bells, the tower, and the congregation.
3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:
    *   *Sense 1*: "a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman". This is the Catholic definition (vicar general, etc.). The context is clearly English villages (Devon, Somerset) and Anglican parish structure (Church of England).
    *   *Sense 2*: "(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel". This is the American Episcopal definition. While related to Anglicanism, the location is explicitly England.
    *   *Sense 3*: "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish". This matches the location (Devon, Somerset in England) and the specific title "vicar of Great Torrington". In the C of E, a vicar is the incumbent of a parish (often replacing a rector or perpetual curate historically, but treated as the parish priest).
4.  **Compare Context to Senses**:
    *   The setting is Great Torrington, Devon, and Ilminster, Somerset. These are in England.
    *   The term refers to the head of a parish church (St. Mary's, Great Torrington).
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct definition. Sense 1 is Catholic. Sense 2 is US Episcopal. Sense 3 is Church of England.
5.  **Formulate Output**:
    *   The correct index is 3.
    *   Format: JSON object `{"sense_index": 3}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: refuse
Target surface form: refuses
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, <t>refuses</t> to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=refuse%2:32:00:: | definition=show unwillingness towards | synonyms=decline | examples=he declined to join the group on a hike
2. sense_key=refuse%2:40:00:: | definition=refuse to accept | synonyms=reject, pass up, turn down, decline | examples=He refused my offer of hospitality
3. sense_key=refuse%2:42:00:: | definition=elude, especially in a baffling way | synonyms=defy, resist | examples=This behavior defies explanation
4. sense_key=refuse%2:40:01:: | definition=refuse to let have | synonyms=deny | examples=She denies me every pleasure; he denies her her weekly allowance
5. sense_key=refuse%2:42:04:: | definition=resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ | synonyms=resist, reject | examples=His body rejected the liver of the donor
6. sense_key=refuse%2:41:00:: | definition=refuse entrance or membership | synonyms=reject, turn down, turn away | examples=They turned away hundreds of fans; Black people were often rejected by country clubs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** refuse
    *   **Target surface form:** refuses
    *   **Context:** The vicar, W.D. Jones, `<t>refuses</t>` to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound."
    *   **Syntactic frame:** Subject + refuses + infinitive (to talk).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   *Definition:* show unwillingness towards
        *   *Synonyms:* decline
        *   *Examples:* he declined to join the group on a hike
        *   *Analysis:* The example "he declined to join..." matches the syntactic structure "refuse/decline + infinitive". The definition "show unwillingness towards" fits the context of the vicar being unwilling to speak about a sensitive topic ("reopen the wound").

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   *Definition:* refuse to accept
        *   *Synonyms:* reject, pass up, turn down, decline
        *   *Examples:* He refused my offer of hospitality
        *   *Analysis:* This sense usually takes a direct object (an offer, a gift). The context involves refusing an action ("to talk"), not an object or offer.

    *   **Sense 3:**
        *   *Definition:* elude, especially in a baffling way
        *   *Synonyms:* defy, resist
        *   *Examples:* This behavior defies explanation
        *   *Analysis:* This is a metaphorical usage (inanimate subjects). The subject here is a person (the vicar).

    *   **Sense 4:**
        *   *Definition:* refuse to let have
        *   *Synonyms:* deny
        *   *Examples:* She denies me every pleasure...
        *   *Analysis:* This implies withholding something from someone else (Subject refuses/denies Object 1 [Object 2]). The context is about the subject's own action (talking).

    *   **Sense 5:**
        *   *Definition:* resist immunologically...
        *   *Synonyms:* resist, reject
        *   *Examples:* His body rejected the liver...
        *   *Analysis:* Medical/biological context. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6:**
        *   *Definition:* refuse entrance or membership
        *   *Synonyms:* reject, turn down, turn away
        *   *Examples:* They turned away hundreds of fans...
        *   *Analysis:* Context is about entrance/membership. The target context is about speaking.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 (the most likely candidates):**
    *   Sense 1 ("show unwillingness towards") specifically cites an example with an infinitive complement: "declined to join...".
    *   Sense 2 ("refuse to accept") cites a direct object example: "refused my offer".
    *   The context is "refuses to talk". This is an action the subject is unwilling to perform. It fits Sense 1 perfectly. While "refuse to talk" involves a kind of rejection of the interview, the core meaning is the *unwillingness* to perform the action described in the infinitive clause. WordNet distinguishes between "refusing an object/offer" (Sense 2) and "showing unwillingness to do something/declining to act" (Sense 1).

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 captures the "refuse + infinitive" construction used to show unwillingness to perform an action.

5.  **Format Output:** JSON object. {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talk_about
Target surface form: talk about
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to <t>talk about</t> it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:00:: | definition=to consider or examine in speech or writing | synonyms=discourse, discuss | examples=The author talks about the different aspects of this question; The class discussed Dante's `Inferno'
2. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:01:: | definition=discuss or mention | synonyms=talk of | examples=They spoke of many things

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target phrase is "talk about" in the context: "The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'"

Let me analyze the two senses:

1. Sense 1: "to consider or examine in speech or writing" with synonyms "discourse, discuss" and examples like "The author talks about the different aspects of this question" and "The class discussed Dante's `Inferno'" - This seems more about a thorough examination or discussion of a topic, often in an analytical or formal way.

2. Sense 2: "discuss or mention" with synonym "talk of" and example "They spoke of many things" - This seems more general, about bringing up or mentioning something in conversation.

In the context, the vicar refuses to "talk about" a situation (a dust-up over church attendance), saying it would "reopen the wound." This suggests he doesn't want to discuss or even mention the incident because it would cause pain/controversy.

The context suggests a refusal to engage in discussion about a sensitive topic. The vicar doesn't want to go into details or examine the matter - he wants to avoid the topic entirely.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1's examples are about substantive discussion/examination of topics
- Sense 2's example is more general - "They spoke of many things"

The context here seems to fit better with Sense 1 - the vicar refuses to discuss/examine the matter in speech. The phrase "reopen the wound" suggests that talking about it would involve going into the details of what happened, not just mentioning it.

However, Sense 2 with "discuss or mention" could also fit since the vicar is refusing to discuss the matter at all.

Let me reconsider. The key difference seems to be:
- Sense 1 is more about thorough examination/discourse
- Sense 2 is about discussing OR merely mentioning

In this context, the vicar is refusing to engage in any discussion about the incident. The "talk about" here is about refusing to discuss the matter, which aligns with Sense 1's "discuss" and its more substantive meaning.

The examples in Sense 1 show people engaging in meaningful discussion about topics (examining aspects of a question, discussing a literary work). The context here involves a refusal to have such a discussion about a controversial/sensitive incident.

I'll go with Sense 1 because the context involves a substantive issue (a conflict over church attendance) that the vicar refuses to discuss/examine in speech, not merely mention.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: saying
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, <t>saying</t> it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "saying" in the context: "The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'"
Here, "saying" means expressing in words, stating, or indicating a reason for his refusal.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

The vicar is saying something (that it would reopen the wound) as a reason or explanation for refusing to talk about it. This falls under the most common sense of "say": "express in words" (sense 1).
Wait, could it be sense 2? "report or maintain" / "allege, aver". The example is "He said it was too late to intervene in the war." This is a formal assertion. Here, "saying it would 'reopen the wound'" is just expressing in words why he refuses. Sense 1 is the most basic and appropriate sense ("express in words" / "state, tell", "He said that he wanted to marry her").

Sense 1: definition=express in words, synonyms=state, tell, examples=He said that he wanted to marry her...
This perfectly matches "saying it would 'reopen the wound'", which is a straightforward expression in words.

Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 2. Sense 2 is "report or maintain", implying making a claim or allegation. There's no strong indication he is "alleging" or "maintaining" it as a claim, just stating it.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, <t>vicar</t> of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "vicar". The surface form is "vicar".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text mentions "The Vicar Hummerstone", "Great Torrington", "St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset", and "C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church".
    *   There are specific references to "congregation", "altar", "bell tower", and "prayer".
    *   Crucially, the locations are "Great Torrington" and "Somerset". These are in England.
    *   The church mentioned is "St. Mary's Church".
    *   The context involves bells falling silent and church attendance issues.
    *   The style and geography strongly suggest the Church of England context.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman". (Roman Catholic context, specific role acting for another).
    *   Sense 2: "(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel". (Episcopal Church context - usually USA or Scottish Anglican, distinct from the standard parish structure in England).
    *   Sense 3: "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish". (Church of England context, in charge of a parish).

4.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The context is geographically located in England ("Somerset", "Great Torrington").
    *   The religious institution implied is the established church in England (references to parishes, churches like St. Mary's, and the general cultural setting of bell-ringing).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 3's domain specification: "(Church of England)".
    *   Sense 1 is Roman Catholic. While "vicar" exists in the RC church, the context (bells, parish structure described, typical English village church dynamics) fits the Anglican tradition better, and the geographic marker (Somerset) makes the "Church of England" definition the primary choice.
    *   Sense 2 is Episcopal Church (often associated with the US or Scotland), but the geography confirms England.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the correct match. The context places the action in Somerset, England, and refers to the priest of a parish/church. This corresponds to the Church of England definition of a vicar.

6.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object with the key "sense_index". The index for the chosen sense is 3.