[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 11}

content: sense_index": 11}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `life`
    *   Target surface form: `life`
    *   Context: The text discusses the discovery of an arsenic-tolerant microbe. It talks about "new types of life," "forms of life," "possibilities beyond the major elements," "essential for life," and distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones. The specific target instance is: "...though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>,".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (life%1:26:01::):* "a characteristic state or mode of living" (e.g., social life, city life). This refers to a *way* of living, not the phenomenon of existence itself in a biological context.
    *   *Sense 2 (life%1:09:00::):* "the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities" (e.g., complexities of life). This is abstract/human-centric.
    *   *Sense 3 (life%1:26:02::):* "the course of existence of an individual..." (e.g., new life in Australia). Refers to a biography or lifespan of a specific individual.
    *   *Sense 4 (life%1:26:00::):* "the condition of living or the state of being alive" (e.g., while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes). This is a strong candidate. It refers to the state of being alive.
    *   *Sense 5 (life%1:28:00::):* "the period during which something is functional..." (e.g., battery life, lifespan). Refers to duration.
    *   *Sense 6 (life%1:28:01::):* "the period between birth and the present time". Duration again.
    *   *Sense 7 (life%1:28:02::):* "the period from the present until death". Duration again.
    *   *Sense 8 (life%1:18:00::):* "a living person". Individual count noun.
    *   *Sense 9 (life%1:07:01::):* "animation and energy in action or expression". Metaphorical or aesthetic.
    *   *Sense 10 (life%1:03:00::):* "living things collectively". Example: "the oceans are teeming with life". This is a collective noun usage. The context says "new types of life", which could arguably refer to a collective group of organisms, but the phrase "form of life" usually points to the biological phenomenon or category. Let's looklife%1:00::):* "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones". Example: "there is no life on the moon".
    *   *Sense 12 (life%1:10:00::):*a prison term...".

3.  **Evaluate the specific context of the target word:**
    *   Target sentence: "...though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>..."
    *   The broader context discusses biology, microbes, elements essential for existence (carbon, hydrogen, etc.), and the distinction between living and nonliving.
    *   The phrase "form of life" or "types of life" refers to biological entities or the biological phenomenon itself.
    *   Sense 11 defines life as "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones."
    *   The context talks about whether life can exist based on different chemical building blocks (arsenic vs phosphorus). This relates directly to the biological phenomenon of life.
    *   Let's compare Sense 10 and Sense 11.
        *   Sense 10 (living things collectively): "The discovery of a strange bacteria... widens the scope for finding new forms of life." If we substitute "living things collectively", "new forms of living things" makes sense. However, the definition of Sense 11 ("organic phenomenon") fits the scientific discussion of "possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
        *   The specific target instance: "...being some form of truly 'alien' life". Here, "life" is the abstract concept of biological existence. It isn't referring to a collection of fish in the ocean (Sense 10 example), but the fundamental nature of biological existence (Sense 11 example: "there is no life on the moon").
    *   Sense 4 is also close ("condition of living... life depends on many chemical and physical processes"). However, Sense 11 specifically mentions "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones," which captures the scientific/biological essence better than the general "condition of living." The mention of "elements... essential for life" points to the mechanism of life (phenomenon) rather than just the state.

    *   Let's look at the phrase "form of life".
        *   Sense 11 is often used in contexts like "life on other planets," "origin of life," "definition of life."
        *   The text says: "Six major elements have long been considered essential for life". This usage of "life" is clearly Sense 11 (the phenomenon).
        *   The in the ocean," they might mean living things (Sense 10).
        *   The example for Sense 11 is "there is no life on the moon." This parallels " well.
        *   The example for Sense 10 is "the oceans are teeming with life."
        *   The context is scientific speculation about the definition and boundaries of life (using arsenic instead of phosphorus). This strongly points to the definition/phenomenon sense (Sense 11).

    *   Let's check Sense 4 again. Example: "life depends on many chemical and physical processes." This matches the sentence "Six major elements have long been considered essential for life." Is the target instance "form of ... life" the same sense? Yes, it refers to the phenomenon.
    *   Sense 11 vs Sense 4:
        *   Sense 4: "the condition of living or the state of being alive".
        *   Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones".
        *   WordNet often distinguishes between the general state (4) and the biological phenomenon (11).
        *   In scientific contexts discussing "new forms of life" or "essential for life," Sense 11 is usuallyalien life" (life elsewhere).

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 (mode of living). "New types of life" could mean "new modes of living," but "alien life" implies a distinct biological entity/phenomenon.
    *   Let's look at Sense 10 again. "Living things collectively". "Alien life" often implies "alien organisms." However, "form of life" suggests the abstract category. If I say "a new form of government," I don't mean "a group of governors," I mean the abstract system. Similarly, "a form of life" usually refers to the biological phenomenon or category. Sense 11 is the best fit for the phenomenon definition.

    Let's check the provided Sense 11 definition again:
    "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones"
    Example: "there is no life on the moon"

    Context sentence: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth..."
    Context target: "...truly 'alien' life".

    This fits Sense 11 perfectly. It is the concept/phenomenon of life being discussed.

4.  **Final verification:**
    *   Sense 11 index is 11.
    *   Does it fit the sentence? "being some form of truly 'alien' [organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones]". Yes.
    *   Does it fit the paragraph? "essential for [organic phenomenon]". Yes. "new types of [organic phenomenon]". Yes.

    Wait, let's double-check the indices provided in the prompt to ensure I map the sense_key to the correct integer index.
    1. life%1:26:01:: ...
    ...
    10. life%1:03:00:: (living things collectively)
    11. life%1:19:00:: (the organic phenomenon...) -> This is Sense 11 in the list.

    Comparison:
    The text discusses the biological requirements for existence.
    "Six major essential for life." -> Sense 11 fits best.
    Target: "form of truly 'alien' life".
    This usage is synonymous with "life forms" or "existence".
    Sense 10 is possible ("forms of [living things]"), but Sense 11 captures the scientific discourse about the definition and possibility of life (phenomenon) better. The example "there is no life on the moon" (Sense 11) is closer to the context of "alien life" than "the oceans are teeming with life" (Sense 10).

    Therefore, Sense 11 is the correct choice.

    JSON format required: {"sense_index": 11}


status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 11}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 14. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is about "life" in the context of biology and organisms, specifically discussing "new types of life", "forms of life", and the "major elements that have long been considered essential for life".
Sense 11 is: sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
This matches perfectly with the context of life as a biological phenomenon, distinguished by its chemical and physical processes (elements like carbon, hydrogen, etc.).
So the best sense index is 11.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


attempt_kind: initial

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the <t>report</t> appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *report* in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science."
    *   This implies the "report" is a scientific document, a published article or paper detailing findings.
:** `report%1:10:03::` | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale.
        *   *Fit:* This fits perfectly. The context talks about a discovery, findings, co-authors, and publication in a journal. It is a formal written document describing findings.

    *   **Sense 2:** `report%1:10:01::` | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble...
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. This refers to an act or a verbal account, not a published document in a journal.

    *   **Sense 3:** `report%1:10:00::` | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech...
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. While news outlets might report on this, the specific mention of the journal Science and "co-author" points to the primary scientific document, not a general news summary.

    *   **Sense 4:** `report%1:11:00::` | definition=a sharp explosive sound...
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. Context is scientific publication.

    *   **Sense 5:** `report%1:10:04::` | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship...
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. Not a student report card.

    *   **Sense 6:** `report%1:10:02::` | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment)...
        *   *Fit:* Close in terms of being a written document, but the definition specifies "assignment" and synonyms are "composition, paper, theme" in a school context. The context here is a professional scientific paper/study published in a journal. Sense 1 is much better because it explicitly mentions "findings of some individual or group" (scientific researchers).

    *   **Sense 7:** `report%1:09:00::` | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person...
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect.

4.  **Select the best match:**
    *   Sense 1 is the clear winner. The text describes a scientific study/article ("written document describing the double-check the indexing. The prompt lists them as "1.", "2.", etc.
    Sense 1 corresponds to `report%1:10:03::`.

    Let's re-verify Sense 3 vs Sense 1.
    Sense 3 is "a short account of the news" (news report).
    Sense 1 is "a written document describing the findings..." (study/written report).
    The context mentions the "journal Science". While news articles might *write* about the study, the text says "co-author of the report appearing in... the journal Science". You are an author of the scientific report/study itself, not usually referred to as the author of a "news report" appearing in a journal (unless it's a news magazine, but Science is a scholarly journal). Therefore, it is the scientific study/findings document. Sense 1 is correct.

    Final check of the sense index.
    1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: ... (Written document/study) -> Correct.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: edition
Target surface form: edition
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online <t>edition</t> of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=edition%1:10:02:: | definition=the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published
2. sense_key=edition%1:14:00:: | definition=all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time | examples=the first edition appeared in 1920; it was too late for the morning edition
3. sense_key=edition%1:10:00:: | definition=an issue of a newspaper | examples=he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times
4. sense_key=edition%1:09:00:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=version, variant, variation | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Lemma:** edition
    *   **Context:** "...a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online **edition** of the journal Science."
    *   The sentence discusses a scientific report being published. The phrase is "online edition of the journal Science".
    *   "Science" here refers to the famous academic journal.
    *   The word "online" modifies "edition". This implies a specific version or release of the journal distributed via the internet.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `edition%1:10:02::` | Definition: "the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the physical or specific formatting of a book (e.g., "hardcover edition", "abridged edition"). While "online" is a form, the context is specifically about a journal issue released on a specific day ("Thursday's online edition"). "Journal Science" acts like a periodical/newspaper in this context (publishing reports on specific days). Sense 1 focuses more on books and the format (print run characteristics).

    *   **Sense 2:** `edition%1:14:00::` | Definition: "all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time".
        *   *Analysis:* This is the technical publishing definition of an edition (e.g., "first edition" of a book, referring to the batch of copies). The context talks about "Thursday's online edition". While an online edition is a release, sense 2 usually implies physical copies printed at once. It's a possible fit, but usually used for books or specific print runs, not necessarily the specific *issue* of a periodical identified by date.

    *   **Sense 3:** `edition%1:10:00::` | Definition: "an issue of a newspaper" | Examples: "he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times".
        *   *Analysis:* The context says "Thursday's online edition of the journal Science". Academic journals often function similarly to newspapers/magazines in that they release specific issues (often weekly, like Science). The example "yesterday's edition of the Times" parallels "Thursday's online edition of the journal Science" very closely. Even though Science is a "journal" and not a "newspaper" in the colloquial sense, it is a periodical. WordNet definitions often use "newspaper" to cover periodicals/issues. The focus is on the specific release (issue) on a specific date.

    *   **Sense 4:** `edition%1:09:00::` | Definition: "something a little different from others of the same type" | Synonyms: version, variant, variation.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a variation of a type (e.g., "an experimental version of the night fighter"). "Online edition" *could* be seen as a version of the journal, but the phrase "Thursday's online edition" strongly emphasizes the temporal release aspect (an issue) rather than just a variant type. Sense 3 fits "issue of a periodical" much better than "variant type".

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is about the "form" (e.g., pocket edition).
    *   Sense 3 is about the "issue" (e.g., morning edition, Thursday's edition).
    *   The context uses "Thursday's ... edition". The temporal marker is key. It refers to the specific issue released on that day.
    *   WordNet Sense 3 (`edition%1:10:00::`) specifically defines it as "an issue of a newspaper" with the example "yesterday's edition". This matches the syntactic structure and semantic meaning of "Thursday's online edition of the journal Science" perfectly. Journals are periodicals like newspapers in this context.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 3 is the best fit. It captures the concept of a specific issue of a periodical (newspaper/journal) identified by time/date.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 3}`.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: journal
Target surface form: journal
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the <t>journal</t> Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=journal%1:10:01:: | definition=a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations | synonyms=diary
2. sense_key=journal%1:10:00:: | definition=a periodical dedicated to a particular subject | examples=he reads the medical journals
3. sense_key=journal%1:21:00:: | definition=a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they occurred | synonyms=daybook
4. sense_key=journal%1:06:01:: | definition=a record book as a physical object
5. sense_key=journal%1:06:00:: | definition=the part of the axle contained by a bearing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: journal
    *   Surface form: journal
    *   Context: A news article discussing a scientific discovery about arsenic-tolerant bacteria. The sentence mentions "the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "...a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the *journal* Science."
    *   "Science" is capitalized, referring to the famous scientific publication.
    *   The context mentions a "report" and an "online edition".
    *   Scientific findings are published in academic periodicals.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `journal%1:10:01::` | definition=a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations | synonyms=diary
        *   *Analysis:* "Science" is not a personal diary. This sense is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 2:** `journal%1:10:00::` | definition=a periodical dedicated to a particular subject | examples=he reads the medical journals
        *   *Analysis:* "Science" is a well-known scientific periodical. The context discusses a published report in an online edition. This fits perfectly with the definition of a scholarly periodical.

    *   **Sense 3:** `journal%1:21:00::` | definition=a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they occurred | synonyms=daybook
        *   *Analysis:* This is an accounting term. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 4:** `journal%1:06:01::` | definition=a record book as a physical object
        *   *Analysis:* While a journal is a physical object, the context emphasizes the publication entity ("Science") and the "online edition," which points more towards the content/periodical nature than just the physical artifact. Sense 2 is more specific and accurate for a named publication like *Science*.

    *   **Sense 5:** `journal%1:06:00::` | definition=the part of the axle contained by a bearing
        *   *Analysis:* This is a mechanical engineering term. Not applicable.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 2 matches the context of *Science* being a periodical where reports are published.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`.
    *   I need to map the chosen sense (Sense 2) to its index in the list provided.
    *   The list is numbered 1 to 5.
    *   Sense 2 is `journal%1:10:00::`.
    *   Therefore, the index is 2.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the indexing.
        1. sense_key=journal%1:10:01:: (diary)
        2. sense_key=journal%1:10:00:: (periodical) -> **This is the correct sense.**
        3. sense_key=journal%1:21:00:: (ledger)
        4. sense_key=journal%1:06:01:: (physical object)
        5. sense_key=journal%1:06:00:: (mechanical part)

    *   The correct index is 2.

6.  **Final Output Construction:**
    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 2}`.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: element
Target surface form: elements
Context:
The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major <t>elements</t> have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=element%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, factor, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
2. sense_key=element%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system | synonyms=component, constituent | examples=spare components for cars; a component or constituent element of a system
3. sense_key=element%1:27:00:: | definition=any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter | synonyms=chemical element
4. sense_key=element%1:15:00:: | definition=the most favorable environment for a plant or animal | examples=water is the element of fishes
5. sense_key=element%1:27:01:: | definition=one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe | examples=the alchemists believed that there were four elements
6. sense_key=element%1:26:00:: | definition=the situation in which you are happiest and most effective | examples=in your element
7. sense_key=element%1:25:00:: | definition=a straight line that generates a cylinder or cone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: *element*
    *   Target surface form: *elements*
    *   Context sentence: "Six major <t>elements</t> have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses a bacteria using arsenic as a nutrient. It mentions substituting arsenic for phosphorus. It lists specific chemical substances: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: Abstract part of something (synonyms: component, constituent, factor). Example: jealousy as a component.
    *   Sense 2: Artifact part of a system (synonyms: component, constituent). Example: spare components for cars.
    *   Sense 3: Substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances (synonyms: chemical element). Definition matches chemistry concepts.
    *   Sense 4: Favorable environment (e.g., water for fish).
    *   Sense 5: Ancient cosmology (earth, air, fire, water).
    *   Sense 6: Situation where you are happiest.
    *   Sense 7: Geometric line.

3.  **Match context to senses**:
    *   The context explicitly lists "carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur".
    *   These are chemical elements on the periodic table.
    *   Sense 3 defines "any of the more than 100 known substances... that cannot be separated into simpler substances". This perfectly matches the usage in the text regarding the building blocks of life (chemistry/biology).

4.  **Evaluate other senses**:
    *   Sense 1 & 2 are about parts/components, but the context is not about mechanical parts or abstract factors. It's about chemical substances.
    *   Sense 4, 5, 6, 7 do not fit the scientific context listing chemical substances.

5.  **Select the best indexed sense**:
    *   Sense 3 is the clear winner. The definition mentions "substances... that singly or in combination constitute all matter" and the synonyms include "chemical element". The context lists chemical elements.

6.  **Format the output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object: {"sense_index": X}.
    *   The chosen sense index is 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for <t>life</t> - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "life" in a provided context.
The context is about a scientific discovery of bacteria that can use arsenic instead of phosphorus, widening the scope for finding "new forms of life" and showing "life has possibilities beyond the major elements".
The specific target sentence segment is: "Six major elements have long been considered essential for <t>life</t> - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur."
However, the broader context talks about "new forms of life", "life has possibilities", and "truly 'alien' life".

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1.  `life%1:26:01::` - "a characteristic state or mode of living" (e.g., social life). Not fitting. This is about lifestyle.
2.  `life%1:09:00::` - "the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities". Too human-centric. The context is biological/bacteriological.
3.  `life%1:26:02::` - "the course of existence of an individual". Specific to an individual's biography. Not fitting for the general concept of life as a biological phenomenon.
4.  `life%1:26:00::` - "the condition of living or the state of being alive". Example: "life depends on many chemical and physical processes". This is close. It refers to the state of being alive.
5.  `life%1:28:00::` - "the period during which something is functional". (Lifespan). Not fitting.
6.  `life%1:28:01::` - "the period between birth and the present time". Not fitting.
7.  `life%1:28:02::` - "the period from the present until death". Not fitting.
8.  `life%1:18:00::` - "a living person". Not fitting.
9.  `life%1:07:01::` - "animation and energy". Not fitting.
10. `life%1:03:00::` - "living things collectively". Example: "the oceans are teeming with life". The text mentions "new forms of life", "finding life". It also mentions "essential for life". Is "life" here the collection of living things, or the phenomenon/capacity?
11. `life%1:19:00::` - "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones". Example: "there is no life on the moon". This seems the most precise scientific definition. The text discusses elements essential for *life* (the phenomenon/process) to exist. It talks about the definition of life expanding beyond known elements. The phrase "essential for life" refers to the biological phenomenon, not just the collection of things.

Let's compare 10 and 11 and 4.
- Sense 10 (living things collectively): "oceans are teeming with life". This usually refers to "life" as a mass noun for organisms. The text says "new forms of life", "finding life on Earth". This usage ("finding life") often aligns with Sense 11 (the phenomenon).
- Sense 11 (organic phenomenon): Example "there is no life on the moon". Definition: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones". The context talks about the *basis* of life (elements), distinguishing living from non-living (organic phenomenon), and the possibility of life existing. "Six major elements have long been considered essential for <t>life</t>". This refers to the biological phenomenon/process that requires these elements.
- Sense 4 (condition of living): Example "while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes". This is also very close. However, Sense 11 explicitly mentions the "organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones", which fits the scientific context of defining what counts as life (alien vs non-alien, chemical basis).

Let's look closely at the target sentence: "Six major elements have long been considered essential for <t>life</t>".
Is it essential for the *collection of living things* (Sense 10)? No.
Is it essential for the *state of being alive* (Sense 4)? Yes.
Is it essential for the *organic phenomenon* (Sense 11)? Yes.

Let's look at the surrounding context: "finding new forms of life". "life has possibilities". "truly 'alien' life".
These uses refer to the concept of life as a phenomenon of nature.
Sense 11 definition: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones".
Sense 4 definition: "the condition of living or the state of being alive".

Sense 11 feels more distinctively scientific/ontological ("distinguishes living organisms"), which fits a text about astrobiology and the definition of life.
Sense 4 ("condition of living") is often used more abstractly or in relation to survival ("while there's life there's hope").
The example for Sense 11 "there is no life on the moon" matches "finding new forms of life" and "beyond".
The example for Sense 4 "life depends on many chemical and physical processes" matches "essential for life - carbon...".

Which is better?
Usually, "the origin of life", "signs of life", "definition of life" fall under the phenomenon sense (Sense 11 in some WN versions, though sometimes WN hierarchies differ). In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
Sense 11 (`life%1:19:00::`) definition: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones".
Sense 4 (`life%1:26:00::`) definition: "the condition of living or the state of being alive". Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness.

The context is discussing the chemical prerequisites for the phenomenon of life. The distinction between living and non-living is at stake (can something be alive without phosphorus?). Therefore, the aspect of "life" being defined/distinguished is central.
Sense 11 specifically captures the "phenomenon" aspect used in scientific discourse about the existence of life elsewhere or alternative biochemistries.

Let's check the specific instance "essential for <t>life</t>".
It refers to the phenomenon/process.
Sense 11 seems the best fit because the text is about the scientific nature of life as a distinct category of existence (organic phenomenon).

Let's double check Sense 10. "Finding new forms of life". Could be "forms of living things". But "life" as an abstract concept is usually the phenomenon.
Sense 4 example: "life depends on many chemical and physical processes". This is a very strong match for the specific target sentence context ("essential for life - carbon..."). The target sentence is essentially saying "life depends on these elements".
However, Sense 11's definition "organic phenomenon..." captures the broader context of "alien life" and "new forms of life" (defining what counts as life).
Sense 11 is often used for "Is there life on Mars?" type questions. This text is about that kind of life.
Sense 4 is often "state of being alive".
In WordNet, Sense 11 is usually the "phenomenon" sense.
Context: "The discovery ... widens the scope for finding new forms of life ... finding life on Earth ... possibilities beyond ... essential for life ... ".
This is a scientific discussion about the nature of life.
Sense 11 fits "finding life" (phenomenon).
Does Sense 11 fit "essential for life"? Yes, essential for the phenomenon to exist.
Sense 4 fits "essential for life"? Yes, essential for the state.

Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy or distinction.
Sense 4 (hypernym: existence, being, organism?) -> No, WN 3.1 Sense 4 (life%1:26:00::) has hypernym "state". "The condition of living...".
Sense 11 (life%1:19:00::) has hypernym "organic phenomenon".
Scientific texts discussing the chemical requirements for life are discussing the *phenomenon*.
Therefore, Sense 11 is the most precise.

Candidate senses provided:
Sense 11: definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon

Target context: "Six major elements have long been considered essential for life" & "finding new forms of life".
This clearly maps to the concept of life as a biological phenomenon rather than a state of an individual (Sense 4).
Sense 11 is the best choice.

Let's verify the sense index.
1. life%1:26:01
...
11. life%1:19:00

Wait, I need to check the mapping of sense_index to the list provided in the prompt.
The list is numbered 1 to 14.
Number 11 corresponds to `sense_key=life%1:19:00::`.

Wait, looking at Sense 10: `life%1:03:00::` definition=living things collectively.
Context: "finding new forms of life". Usually "forms of life" refers to organisms/types.
But "essential for life" refers to the phenomenon.
The specific target is "essential for <t>life</t>".
Can elements be essential for a collection of things? Or are they essential for the phenomenon of life?
They are essential for the phenomenon.
Therefore Sense 11 is better than Sense 10.
Is Sense 11 better than Sense 4?
Sense 4: "condition of living".
Sense 11: "organic phenomenon".
"Essential for life" -> Essential for the organic phenomenon.
"Finding life" -> Finding the phenomenon.
"Alien life" -> Alien phenomenon.
Sense 11 captures the scientific abstraction level best.

Let's re-read Sense 4 example: "life depends on many chemical and physical processes". This is extremely close to the text content.
However, Sense 11 definition "organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" is the standard sense for "Is there life?" or "forms of life" in a scientific context (astrobiology).
In the text: "widens the scope for finding new forms of life... possibility of life beyond...".
The central theme is the *nature* of life (what it is, what it requires).
Sense 11 defines *what it is* (the phenomenon distinguishing X from Y).
Sense 4 defines *the condition* of it.
The text focuses on defining the boundaries of life (alien vs non-alien). This boundary definition aligns perfectly with Sense 11.
Sense 11 is the standard WSD choice for "life" in "life on Mars", "origin of life", "definition of life".
The phrase "essential for life" in a chemical context supports Sense 11 (phenomenon requires elements).
Sense 4 example "life depends on chemical processes" is a distractor if one looks only at surface similarity, but the definition of Sense 11 (phenomenon distinguishing living from nonliving) is the core semantic concept being discussed in the article (can life exist without phosphorus? i.e. is this bacteria 'life' in the standard sense?).

I will select Sense 11.
Sense index 11.

Let's double check the indices in the prompt's JSON format.
The user asks for `{"sense_index": 3}`.
The index corresponds to the number in the list.
Number 11 in the list is `sense_key=life%1:19:00::`.

Reasoning summary:
The context discusses the biological requirements and existence of life, specifically referencing "new forms of life," "alien life," and "essential for life" in a scientific context related to chemistry and biology. This usage refers to "life" as the biological phenomenon that distinguishes living matter from non-living matter, rather than the specific lifespan of an individual, a social lifestyle, or a collection of organisms (though related). Sense 11 defines "life" as "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones," with the example "there is no life on the moon," which aligns perfectly with the astrobiological context of the passage. Sense 4 ("the condition of living") is also close, particularly with the example "life depends on many chemical and physical processes," but Sense 11 is more precise for the scientific definition and classification of life forms being debated in the text.

Final decision: Sense 11.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carbon
Target surface form: carbon
Context:
The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - <t>carbon</t>, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carbon%1:27:00:: | definition=an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds | synonyms=C, atomic number 6
2. sense_key=carbon%1:27:01:: | definition=a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper | synonyms=carbon paper
3. sense_key=carbon%1:06:00:: | definition=a copy made with carbon paper | synonyms=carbon copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Task: Perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target lemma "carbon".
    *   Target surface form: "carbon".
    *   Context: A scientific text discussing the discovery of bacteria that can use arsenic instead of phosphorus, listing the "six major elements" essential for life (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur).
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  Chemical element (atomic number 6).
        2.  Carbon paper.
        3.  Carbon copy.
    *   Output Format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur."
    *   Key indicators: The word "elements" immediately precedes the list. The other items in the list ("hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "phosphorus", "sulfur") are all chemical elements. The topic is biology/chemistry and the composition of life.
    *   Meaning: The text refers to carbon as a fundamental building block of organic chemistry and biological life.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element..." (Chemical element). This matches the context perfectly. It fits the list of "elements" and the discussion of life's composition.
    *   Sense 2: "a thin paper coated on one side..." (Carbon paper). This is an office supply item. It does not fit a discussion about biology or chemical elements.
    *   Sense 3: "a copy made with carbon paper" (Carbon copy). This is a document reproduction method. It does not fit the context.

4.  **Determine the Best Sense:**
    *   The context explicitly lists "carbon" as one of the "six major elements".
    *   Sense 1 defines carbon as a chemical element.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction requires returning *only* a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: phosphorus
Target surface form: phosphorus
Context:
The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, <t>phosphorus</t> and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=phosphorus%1:27:00:: | definition=a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms | synonyms=P, atomic number 15
2. sense_key=phosphorus%1:17:00:: | definition=a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky | synonyms=morning star, daystar, Lucifer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "phosphorus"
    *   Target surface form: "phosphorus"
    *   Context: The text discusses a bacteria that can use arsenic instead of phosphorus. It lists the "six major elements ... essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur." It explicitly mentions phosphorus as a chemical element necessary for life, comparable to carbon and nitrogen.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "phosphorus%1:27:00::" -> Definition: a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family... highly reactive... occurs in several allotropic forms. Synonyms: P, atomic number 15. This refers to the chemical element.
    *   Sense 2: "phosphorus%1:17:00::" -> Definition: a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise... Synonyms: morning star, daystar, Lucifer. This refers to the astronomical body/phenomenon.

3.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The context talks about "major elements," "nutrients," and lists "phosphorus" alongside carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. This is clearly referring to the chemical element.
    *   Sense 1 is the definition of the chemical element.
    *   Sense 2 is the definition of the "morning star" (Venus).

4.  **Determine the best index:**
    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: arsenic
Context:
While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting <t>arsenic</t> for phosphorus. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The text is about a scientific discovery involving bacteria that can substitute "arsenic" for "phosphorus" as an essential element for life. The text lists major elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and arsenic (in the context of substitution). It refers to it as a "major element" and discusses its role in biology/chemistry (substituting for phosphorus in growth).

2.  **Analyze the Target Lemma:** "arsenic" (noun).

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (arsenic%1:27:01::):**
        *   *Definition:* a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide...
        *   *Synonyms:* arsenic trioxide, white arsenic, ratsbane.
        *   *Evaluation:* This refers to a specific chemical compound (arsenic trioxide, $As_2O_3$), often just called "arsenic" in common parlance (like "he died of arsenic poisoning" implying the oxide), but scientifically distinct from the element itself. The context discusses substituting one *element* for another (phosphorus). It talks about "life" using it as a building block. Elements (atoms of As) substitute for atoms of P in biomolecules (like DNA). It does not refer to the powdered oxide used for killing rats.

    *   **Sense 2 (arsenic%1:27:00::):**
        *   *Definition:* a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms...
        *   *Synonyms:* As, atomic number 33.
        *   *Evaluation:* This refers to the chemical *element* (symbol As). The context explicitly lists "arsenic" alongside other elements (carbon, hydrogen, etc.) and discusses it substituting for "phosphorus" (another element). This fits perfectly with the chemical/biological context of "major elements" and elemental substitution in growth.

4.  **Compare and Select:** The context is clearly discussing the chemical element (As) in the context of the periodic table of elements and biochemistry. Sense 1 refers to a specific compound (the trioxide). Sense 2 refers to the element itself.

    *   Context clue: "substituting arsenic for phosphorus". Phosphorus is an element. You substitute an element for an element.
    *   Context clue: "Six major elements... carbon, hydrogen...". This classifies arsenic as an element in this context.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Sense 2 is the second option listed.

    *   Sense 1 -> index 1
    *   Sense 2 -> index 2

    Result: `{"sense_index": 2}`

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: phosphorus
Target surface form: phosphorus
Context:
While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for <t>phosphorus</t>. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=phosphorus%1:27:00:: | definition=a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms | synonyms=P, atomic number 15
2. sense_key=phosphorus%1:17:00:: | definition=a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky | synonyms=morning star, daystar, Lucifer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "phosphorus"
    *   Context: A scientific news text discussing bacteria that can substitute arsenic for phosphorus. It lists phosphorus as one of the six major elements essential for life.
    *   Task: Perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD).
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence 1: "...life has possibilities beyond the major elements..."
    *   Sentence 3: "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." -> This clearly refers to a chemical element/biological nutrient.
    *   Sentence 4: "...falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life..."
    *   Sentence 5: "Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur." -> This lists chemical elements from the periodic table.
    *   Sentence 6: "...substituting arsenic for phosphorus." -> Again, chemical substitution.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `phosphorus%1:27:00::`
        *   Definition: "a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells..."
        *   Synonyms: P, atomic number 15.
        *   Fit: This fits perfectly. The text talks about elements essential for life, specifically listing it alongside carbon, hydrogen, etc. It discusses biological growth and chemical substitution (arsenic for phosphorus).
    *   **Sense 2:** `phosphorus%1:17:00::`
        *   Definition: "a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky"
        *   Synonyms: morning star, daystar, Lucifer.
        *   Fit: This is irrelevant. The text has nothing to do with astronomy, planets, or the morning sky.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct sense. The context is biochemistry/astrobiology discussing chemical elements.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}".
    *   The options are numbered 1 and 2.
    *   Sense 1 is correct.
    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
"This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the <t>report</t>. The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** report
    *   **Target Surface Form:** report
    *   **Context:**
        *   "That makes it very peculiar... commented Paul C. W. Davies ... a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science."
        *   "...said Ariel D. Anbar ..., a co-author of the <t>report</t>."
    *   **Clues:**
        *   "co-author of the report": Suggests a written document.
        *   "appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science": This is the strongest clue. It explicitly links the "report" to a scientific journal. Scientific journals publish written documents describing research findings.
        *   "find is important in the search for life": Refers to the findings described in the document.

2.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `report%1:10:03::` | definition: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" | synonyms: "study, written report" | examples: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
        *   *Match:* This fits perfectly. The text mentions a "report appearing in ... the journal Science". It describes the findings of researchers (co-authors). The synonym "study" is very close to the context of scientific publication.

    *   **Sense 2:** `report%1:10:01::` | definition: "the act of informing by verbal report" | synonyms: "account" | examples: "he heard reports that they were causing trouble"
        *   *Mismatch:* The context refers to a document published in a journal, not the act of speaking or a rumor. While there are quotes, the "report" itself is the publication authored by the co-authors.

    *   **Sense 3:** `report%1:10:00::` | definition: "a short account of the news" | synonyms: "news report, story, account, write up" | examples: "the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news"
        *   *Mismatch:* This sense usually refers to a journalistic news story (newspaper, TV). While the text *is* a news article reporting *on* the study, the word "report" in the phrase "co-author of the report" refers to the scientific paper/study itself, not the news article describing it. The news article is the text provided, but the "report" mentioned is the scientific publication in the journal *Science*. Scientific papers are formal written documents describing findings (Sense 1), typically longer and more formal than a "short account of the news".

    *   **Sense 4:** `report%1:11:00::` | definition: "a sharp explosive sound"
        *   *Mismatch:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5:** `report%1:10:04::` | definition: "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment" | synonyms: "report card"
        *   *Mismatch:* Irrelevant context (school grades).

    *   **Sense 6:** `report%1:10:02::` | definition: "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)" | synonyms: "composition, paper, theme"
        *   *Mismatch:* While a scientific report is a type of paper, Sense 6 usually implies a student essay or a composition. Sense 1 ("written document describing the findings") captures the specific nature of a scientific paper published in a journal much better.

    *   **Sense 7:** `report%1:09:00::` | definition: "the general estimation that the public has for a person" | synonyms: "reputation"
        *   *Mismatch:* Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 (the main contenders):**
    *   Sense 3 focuses on "news report" or "story". The context mentions the "journal Science". A paper published in a scientific journal is a "written document describing the findings of some individual or group". It is the primary source material.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "written document describing findings".
    *   The phrase "co-author of the report appearing in ... the journal Science" clearly refers to a scientific paper/study.
    *   Sense 1 synonyms include "study".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct classification for a scientific paper/study. Sense 3 is more appropriate if the word referred to a news article *about* an event, but here it refers to the scientific artifact published in the journal.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format Output:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report. The <t>find</t> is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said. The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=discovery, breakthrough
2. sense_key=find%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=discovery, uncovering

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   **Sentence:** "The <t>find</t> is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said."
    *   **Broader Context:** The text discusses scientific research where bacteria were discovered that can use arsenic instead of phosphorus. This was a result of a study appearing in the journal Science.
    *   **Target word:** "find" (noun).
    *   **Syntactic role:** Noun (preceded by "The", subject of "is important").

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a productive insight" | synonyms: discovery, breakthrough.
        *   *Meaning:* The result of the discovery—the knowledge gained, the specific realization or "aha" moment that leads to progress. It emphasizes the *content* or *value* of what was found. It's often used for scientific breakthroughs or valuable discoveries (e.g., "a real find").
    *   **Sense 2:** "the act of discovering something" | synonyms: discovery, uncovering.
        *   *Meaning:* The process or event of finding. (e.g., "The find took hours").

3.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   The sentence says "The find is important in the search for life..."
    *   Is it referring to the *act* of discovering the bacteria? Or is it referring to the *result/insight/discovery* itself?
    *   In scientific contexts, "a find" usually refers to the object discovered or the insight gained. For example, "The dinosaur fossil was an important find." Here, the discovery is that bacteria can substitute arsenic for phosphorus.
    *   Does "find" refer to the *act* (Sense 2)? If it meant the act, one would usually say "The discovery" or "The finding". While "The find" can refer to the act in some archaic or specific constructions, in modern usage, especially in headlines or summaries of research, "a find" usually refers to the *thing found* or the *insight achieved*.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 synonyms: "discovery, breakthrough". This fits perfectly. The research yielded a breakthrough (bacteria using arsenic).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 synonyms: "discovery, uncovering". "Uncovering" emphasizes the process. While "The discovery" can mean the act, "The find" almost exclusively refers to the object or the insight (the productive insight) in contemporary English. For instance, "It was a great find" implies the thing found was great, not the process of looking for it.
    *   WordNet distinctions for nouns:
        *   `find%1:09:00::` (wn 1.09 is "cognition", specifically "creation" or "insight"? No, checking hierarchy... usually 1:09 is "event/act" or "phenomenon"? Wait. Let's check the standard WordNet hierarchies).
        *   Sense 1 definition: "a productive insight". Synonyms: discovery, breakthrough. This aligns with the outcome of the research. The *insight* that life can look different than we thought.
        *   Sense 2 definition: "the act of discovering something". Synonyms: discovery, uncovering.
    *   The sentence says: "The find is important... because researchers need to be able to recognize life..." The *insight* gained (that life forms can differ chemically) is what is important. The specific discovery (the bacteria/phenomenon) is the "find". The act of doing the research is less the focus than the result.
    *   Furthermore, the usage "The [noun] is important..." where the noun is "find" strongly suggests the "thing that was found" (the discovery/breakthrough) rather than the action. "The uncovering is important" sounds clunky compared to "The breakthrough is important."
    *   Sense 1 ("a productive insight") captures the scientific significance. It is a "discovery" or "breakthrough".

4.  **Verify indices:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to the first item in the list.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to the second item in the list.

5.  **Decision:** The context refers to the discovery itself (the realization/fact that bacteria can use arsenic), which constitutes a "productive insight" or breakthrough. It fits Sense 1 better than Sense 2 (the act).

    *   Context clue: "The find is important..." -> The discovery/result is important.
    *   Definition 1: "a productive insight" -> The realization that life can use arsenic.
    *   Definition 2: "the act of discovering something" -> The process of finding. This is not the primary meaning of "The find" in this context.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Wait, let me double-check the indices in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=find%1:09:00:: ...
    2. sense_key=find%1:04:00:: ...

    If I choose sense 1, the index is 1.
    If I choose sense 2, the index is 2.

    Let's re-evaluate WordNet senses for "find" (noun).
    WordNet 3.1:
    1. find, discovery, breakthrough -- (a productive insight)
    2. discovery, find, uncovering -- (the act of discovering something)

    The text says "The find is important...".
    Is it the act? No, you wouldn't say "The act is important in the search for life...". You would say "The result/insight is important...". The fact that this bacteria exists changes the parameters of the search for life.
    Therefore, it is the "productive insight" (Sense 1).

    Result: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: search
Target surface form: search
Context:
"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report. The find is important in the <t>search</t> for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said. The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=search%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone | synonyms=hunt, hunting
2. sense_key=search%1:04:02:: | definition=an investigation seeking answers | examples=a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing; the outcome justified the search
3. sense_key=search%1:22:00:: | definition=an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property | synonyms=lookup | examples=they wrote a program to do a table lookup
4. sense_key=search%1:09:00:: | definition=the examination of alternative hypotheses | examples=his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful
5. sense_key=search%1:04:01:: | definition=boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas | examples=right of search

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:** The target lemma is "search" and the surface form is "search". The context sentence is: "The find is important in the <t>search</t> for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The broader context discusses a scientific discovery about bacteria that can use arsenic instead of phosphorus.
    *   The specific sentence talks about the "search for life beyond Earth".
    *   This "search" refers to the scientific quest, investigation, or effort to find extraterrestrial life.
    *   It's an abstract noun here, describing an ongoing activity or mission to find something (life).

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1: search%1:04:00::* - Definition: "the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone". Synonyms: "hunt, hunting".
        *   Fit: This fits well. It is an activity. The goal is to find "life". The phrase "search for life" is a classic collocate.
    *   *Sense 2: search%1:04:02::* - Definition: "an investigation seeking answers". Examples: "a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing".
        *   Fit: This is also a strong contender. Scientific research is an investigation seeking answers. However, the context emphasizes *finding* life (something/someone) rather than just seeking answers to a question (though finding life answers the question "are we alone?"). Sense 1 is more general for "looking for X", whereas Sense 2 leans towards "investigating a mystery/crime/problem". While scientific research is an investigation, "search for life" feels more like a hunt (Sense 1) than a ledger search (Sense 2).
    *   *Sense 3: search%1:22:00::* - Definition: "an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property". Synonyms: "lookup". Examples: "table lookup".
        *   Fit: This is Computer Science terminology. Not applicable.
    *   *Sense 4: search%1:09:00::* - Definition: "the examination of alternative hypotheses". Examples: "his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful".
        *   Fit: This is specific to problem-solving (chess, logic). While science involves hypotheses, "search for life" is about physical existence, not just examining hypotheses.
    *   *Sense 5: search%1:04:01::* - Definition: "boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas". Examples: "right of search".
        *   Fit: Maritime law. Not applicable.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: "activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone". The target is "life" (something).
    *   Sense 2: "investigation seeking answers".
    *   The phrase "search for life" aligns better with Sense 1's "looking ... to find something". The goal is the discovery of the entity (life), not just an answer to a query (though that is a byproduct).
    *   In WordNet, the distinction often boils down to physical/visual search vs. intellectual investigation. "Search for life beyond Earth" acts as a hunt or quest.
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 (noun.act) -> investigation -> examination -> scrutiny.
        *   Sense 2 (noun.act) -> investigation.
    *   Actually, usually, Sense 1 is the most general and common sense. "Search for life" is a quest/hunt. "The search for the missing child" uses Sense 1. "The search for truth" might be Sense 1 or 2. "Search for life" is finding an entity (life forms), so Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Let's re-read the examples for Sense 2: "search of the ledgers". That implies looking through data/records.
    *   Context: "search for life beyond Earth". This is a broad, often physical or instrumental quest (using telescopes, probes). It matches "activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the standard general sense used here.

5.  **Final Decision:** The context describes the general activity of looking for extraterrestrial life. This matches Sense 1 ("the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone").

    Note on indices: The prompt asks for "indexed sense".
    Candidate senses are listed 1 through 5.
    1 corresponds to search%1:04:00::
    2 corresponds to search%1:04:02::
    etc.

    Selection: Index 1.