[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Target word: "national" (adjective).
    *   Sentence segment: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and **national** policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Key contrast: The text contrasts "local benefit-seeking duties" (specific to a district/constituent) with "**national** policy making activities" (broad, federal, country-wide).
    *   The previous sentence mentions: "...participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking." The votes reflect "national policy making".
    *   The core meaning here is scope or geographic/political jurisdiction. It opposes "local" or "district" vs. "national" (country-wide/federal).

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `national%3:01:00::` | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem.
        *   This is the most general sense. It fits broadly, but let's see if there's a more specific fit.

    *   **Sense 2:** `national%3:00:00::` | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy.
        *   This implies restriction or limitation ("limited to"). The context isn't about being *limited* to a nation, but rather spanning the whole nation. The example "isolationism is a strictly national policy" suggests looking inward, whereas here "national policy making" usually involves federal legislation applicable to everyone, not just "limited" scope in a restrictive sense.

    *   **Sense 3:** `national%3:00:01::` | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections.
        *   Definition: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country".
        *   Examples: "the national government", "national elections".
        *   Context match: "national policy making activities" refers to laws and policies applicable to the *entire* nation, as opposed to local district concerns. This matches "applicable to an entire nation". The phrase "national government" is semantically close to the context of Washington offices vs. district offices. The contrast is "local" vs. "nation-wide".

    *   **Sense 4:** `national%5:00:00:public:00` | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks.
        *   This is specific to ownership/maintenance (usually nouns like parks, forests). "National policy making" isn't about who owns the policy, but the scope.

    *   **Sense 5:** `national%5:00:00:domestic:00` | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office...
        *   This usually contrasts with "international" or "foreign". The context contrasts "national" with "local" (district level). While "national" policy is inside the country, the specific semantic opposition here is local-district vs. whole-nation, not domestic vs. foreign.

    *   **Sense 6:** `national%3:01:02::` | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait.
        *   Irrelevant. "Policy making" is not a trait of people.

    *   **Sense 7:** `national%3:01:01::` | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin.
        *   Irrelevant. Not about citizenship or ethnicity.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is very broad: "of or relating to... a nation".
    *   Sense 3 is more specific regarding scope: "applicable to ... an entire nation".
    *   The context creates a binary: Local (district) vs. National (federal/entire country).
    *   "National policy making" refers to the making of laws for the whole country.
    *   Sense 3's example "the national government" aligns perfectly with the "Washington offices" mentioned in the text.
    *   Sense 1 is a fallback, but Sense 3 captures the specific semantics of "nation-wide/federal" scope opposed to "local".
    *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 3 again: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country". This describes "national policy making" perfectly. Policy made in Washington applies to the entire nation.
    *   Sense 1 ("of or relating to") is acceptable but less precise. Sense 3 captures the "entirety" aspect which is the functional opposite of "local/narrow constituent concerns" mentioned in the text.

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The text contrasts "local benefit-seeking" (parochial) with "national policy making" (federal/nation-wide).
    *   Sense 3 defines this as "applicable to ... an entire nation".
    *   The examples for Sense 3 ("national government", "national elections") fit the political science context of the snippet.
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.

    *   Let's double check Sense 2 just in case. "Limited to ... a particular nation". No, "national policy" is not limited *to* the nation in a restrictive sense, it is policy *for* the nation.
    *   Sense 3 captures the "entire nation" aspect best.

    Result: Sense 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The target word is "policy".
    *   The sentence segment is: "...where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national **policy** making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   The broader context discusses congressional Republicans vs. Democrats, roll-call votes, national policy making, personal staff budgets, and district offices vs. Washington offices.
    *   The phrase "national policy making" is crucial here. It refers to the creation of laws, regulations, and courses of action for the government or nation.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (policy%1:09:00::):** Definition: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". Examples: "it was a policy of retribution", "a politician keeps changing his policies".
        *   *Evaluation:* This fits well with "national policy making". It refers to the plans of action adopted by the government (the social group/nation).
    *   **Sense 2 (policy%1:10:00::):** Definition: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". Examples: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation".
        *   *Evaluation:* This sense is slightly more abstract or meta, referring to the rationale or argument *for* a course of action (often used in phrases like "it is good policy to..."). While related, "policy making" usually refers to the creation of the plans/actions themselves (Sense 1), not just the line of argument rationalizing them.
    *   **Sense 3 (policy%1:10:02::):** Definition: "written contract or certificate of insurance". Synonyms: insurance policy. Examples: "read the small print on your policy".
        *   *Evaluation:* This is clearly about insurance. The context is political science and legislation, not insurance.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is the general "plan of action". "National policy making" refers to the process of creating these plans of action (laws, strategic decisions).
    *   Sense 2 is defined as "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action". This is often used to mean "prudence" or "strategy" in a more abstract sense (e.g., "honesty is the best policy").
    *   In the phrase "national policy making activities", "policy" refers to the output of the legislative process—the actual plans and laws governing the nation.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for "public policy" or "government policy" in the context of creation/making.

4.  **Decision:**
    *   Context involves government actions and legislative processes ("roll-call votes", "legislator", "Washington offices").
    *   "National policy making" = making plans of action for the nation.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   Must be a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: making
Target surface form: making
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy <t>making</t> activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target making activities."

Let me analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans

This refers to the act of creating or producing something. "National policy making" would refer to the act of creating national policy - the process of devising and establishing with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree

This refers to qualifications or requirements. This doesn't fit "national policy making" - we're not talking about qualifications for policy.

3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

This refers to ingredients or components. "National policy making" doesn't refer to the components needed for policy - it refers to the activity/process of creating policy.

Sense 1 is the best fit. "National policy making" refers to the act or process of creating national policy. It's about the activity of devising/fashioning policy, which aligns with sense 1's definition "the act that results in something coming to be" and the examples like "the devising of plans."

The answer should be sense_index: 1.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: activity
Target surface form: activities
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=activity%1:04:00:: | definition=any specific behavior | examples=they avoided all recreational activity
2. sense_key=activity%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=action, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=activity%1:22:00:: | definition=an organic process that takes place in the body | synonyms=bodily process, body process, bodily function | examples=respiratory activity
4. sense_key=activity%1:26:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction | examples=catalytic activity
5. sense_key=activity%1:22:01:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, action | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
6. sense_key=activity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically | synonyms=activeness | examples=the level of activity declines with age

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target lemma is "activity", surface form "activities" (plural). The context involves a discussion about political science, specifically the behavior of congressional staff (Democrats vs. Republicans), their location (district offices vs. Washington offices), and the nature of their work ("national policy making activities" vs. "local benefit-seeking").

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making **activities** matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Meaning: The word "activities" refers to specific actions, tasks, or behaviors undertaken by the staff members. These actions are part of "national policy making".
    *   It is a countable noun here ("activities"), referring to specific instances or types of behavior/work.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `activity%1:04:00::` | definition=any specific behavior | examples=they avoided all recreational activity.
        *   Analysis: "National policy making activities" refers to specific behaviors or sets of tasks (drafting legislation, debating, voting). The definition "any specific behavior" fits well. The example "recreational activity" is analogous to "policy making activity" in terms of semantic structure (Adjective/Noun modifier + activity denoting a type of behavior).

    *   **Sense 2:** `activity%1:26:00::` | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=action, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action.
        *   Analysis: This refers to a state or condition (abstract). "National policy making activities" (plural) refers to specific tasks/actions, not the general state of being active. While "activity" can mean a state, the plural form "activities" usually points to specific instances of doing things (Sense 1) rather than the state of activeness.

    *   **Sense 3:** `activity%1:22:00::` | definition=an organic process that takes place in the body | synonyms=bodily process...
        *   Analysis: This is biological. The context is political/administrative. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 4:** `activity%1:26:01::` | definition=(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction...
        *   Analysis: This is chemistry. The context is politics. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5:** `activity%1:22:01::` | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature...
        *   Analysis: This refers to natural forces (volcanic activity). The context is human/political behavior. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `activity%1:07:00::` | definition=the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically...
        *   Analysis: Similar to Sense 2, this is a trait or quality. "National policy making activities" are specific tasks/behaviors, not a trait.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 ("any specific behavior") is the only definition that fits the use of "activities" as specific tasks or sets of actions performed by political staff. The phrase "policy making activities" constitutes specific behaviors/actions undertaken by agents.

5.  **Format Output:** The user requested a specific JSON format: `{"sense_index": X}`. The index for the selected sense is 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relative
Target surface form: relative
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger
2. sense_key=relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00 | definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "relative":

Context:
"Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

In this context, "relative" is used in the phrase "matter less relative to Washington offices." This is comparing the importance of activities in district offices versus Washington offices. Specifically, it's saying that national policy making activities matter less in district offices when compared to (relative to) Washington offices.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=relative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger

2. sense_key=relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00 | definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production

The first sense is about something being estimated by comparison rather than being absolute. This seems to be about the nature of something being relative rather than absolute.

The second sense is about things being properly related in size, degree, or other measurable characteristics, often followed by "to." This seems to be about proportional relationships between things.

In our context, the phrase "matter less relative to Washington offices" is comparing the importance or significance of activities in district offices versus Washington offices. It's saying that national policy making activities matter less in district offices when compared to (relative to) Washington offices.

The use here seems closer to the second sense - it's talking about how the importance or significance of one thing relates to another thing in a proportional/comparative way. The phrase "relative to" specifically matches the "usually followed by 'to'" note in the second sense definition.

The example "earnings relative to production" is also similar to our context, as both involve a comparison of one measurable quantity to another.

Therefore, the second sense (sense_index: 2) appears to be the most appropriate for this context.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "office" and the surface form is "offices". It appears in the phrase "Washington offices" and contrasts with "district offices".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses congressional Republicans vs. Democrats.
    *   It mentions "personal staff budgets," "local benefit-seeking," "national policy making," "roll-call votes," "district offices," and "Washington offices".
    *   The specific sentence is: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>."
    *   The contrast is between "district offices" (located in the congressperson's home district) and "Washington offices" (located in Washington D.C., where Congress meets).
    *   These are physical locations where staff work. Staff are assigned to one or the other. The "Washington offices" are the physical rooms/suites/buildings in D.C. where the legislator's staff works on national policy.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed`. Synonyms: `business office`. Examples: `he rented an office in the new building`.
        *   Does this fit? Yes. A "Washington office" is a specific place of business. Legislators have offices in the Capitol or surrounding buildings where their staff works. It fits the physical location aspect contrasting with "district offices".

    *   **Sense 2:** `an administrative unit of government`. Synonyms: `agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority`. Examples: `the Central Intelligence Agency`.
        *   Does this fit? No. A specific legislator's office (e.g., the Office of the Senator) is technically an entity, but in the context of "Washington offices" vs "district offices" where staff are allocated, it refers to the physical location/workspace, not the agency itself (like the CIA or OMB).

    *   **Sense 3:** `the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group`. Synonyms: `function, part, role`.
        *   Does this fit? No. The sentence talks about allocating staff *to* offices, implying a location, not allocating staff *to* a function (though they go there to perform functions).

    *   **Sense 4:** `(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power`. Synonyms: `power`. Examples: `during his first year in office`.
        *   Does this fit? No. This refers to the abstract status of holding a position.

    *   **Sense 5:** `professional or clerical workers in an office`. Synonyms: `office staff`. Examples: `the whole office was late`.
        *   Does this fit? The sentence says staff are allocated *to* offices. "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices... relative to Washington [staff allocated to] offices." The target word refers to the destination/location, not the people themselves. If it meant the people, the sentence structure "allocate staff to district offices relative to Washington staff" would be slightly different or redundant. Here, it's a comparison of locations. Sense 1 is a better fit for the physical space.

    *   **Sense 6:** `a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities`.
        *   Does this fit? No. Totally irrelevant context.

    *   **Sense 7:** `a job in an organization`. Synonyms: `position, post, berth...`.
        *   Does this fit? No. It's not talking about a job opening or a specific position title. It's talking about the physical location where the work happens.

4.  **Refine decision:**
    The context sets up a spatial contrast: District offices (local) vs. Washington offices (national/capital).
    Sense 1 ("place of business...") captures the physical location aspect. "Washington offices" are the physical suites/rooms.
    Sense 5 ("office staff") is tempting because the sentence is about staff allocation. However, grammatically, the staff are allocated *to* the "offices". "Allocate staff to [Place X] relative to [Place Y]". Therefore, "offices" must refer to the place. If I allocate people to a location, the target is the location.
    Sense 1 is the standard definition for a room/building where work is done.

    Let's check Sense 2 again. Is "Washington office" an administrative unit? The "Office of the Congressman" is an entity. However, the contrast with "district offices" strongly implies physical geography. District offices are in the district; Washington offices are in Washington. Staff work *in* these offices. Sense 1 is the most appropriate for the physical workplace.

    Context: "...relative to Washington <t>offices</t>."
    "District offices" -> Places in the district.
    "Washington offices" -> Places in Washington.
    Sense 1: place of business.
    Synonyms: business office.
    Example: "he rented an office".

    This matches perfectly. The legislators rent/own/use these offices as places of business.

5.  **Final Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct choice. It refers to the physical location/workspace.

    Index 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: examination
Target surface form: examination
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=examination%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) | synonyms=scrutiny
2. sense_key=examination%1:10:00:: | definition=a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge | synonyms=exam, test | examples=when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions
3. sense_key=examination%1:10:01:: | definition=formal systematic questioning | synonyms=interrogation, interrogatory
4. sense_key=examination%1:09:03:: | definition=a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits) | synonyms=examen
5. sense_key=examination%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned | synonyms=testing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "examination" in the sentence: "An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   The context is academic/political science text.
    *   The phrase is "An examination of changes..."
    *   This means looking closely at data or a situation to understand it.
    *   It involves analysis, scrutiny, inspection, or study of "changes in personal staffing decisions".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `examination%1:04:00::` | definition="the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)" | synonyms="scrutiny".
        *   This fits well. The text talks about examining (analyzing/investigating) changes in staffing. While the gloss mentions "as for mistakes," the core concept is "examining something closely," which matches the synonym "scrutiny". The text is scrutinizing data.

    *   **Sense 2:** `examination%1:10:00::` | definition="a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge" | synonyms="exam, test".
        *   This refers to a test in school or a certification. The context is about analyzing political data, not taking a test. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `examination%1:10:01::` | definition="formal systematic questioning" | synonyms="interrogation, interrogatory".
        *   This refers to questioning a person (like a witness or suspect). The object of the examination in the text is "changes in personal staffing decisions," not a person to be interrogated. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `examination%1:09:03::` | definition="a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits)" | synonyms="examen".
        *   Religious context. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** `examination%1:04:02::` | definition="the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned" | synonyms="testing".
        *   Similar to Sense 2, refers to educational testing. Incorrect.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the general meaning of "investigation" or "analysis" of a phenomenon or data.
    *   The phrase "An examination of [subject]" usually means a close look or investigation. The synonym "scrutiny" is very close to what is happening here. Even though the gloss mentions "(as for mistakes)", the hypernym structure (act of examining) is the correct one for this context compared to the educational or legal senses.

4.  **Format the output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

    Let's double-check the indexing.
    Candidate senses are numbered 1 to 5 in the prompt list.
    Sense 1: examination%1:04:00:: (scrutiny) -> Correct.
    Sense 2: examination%1:10:00:: (test) -> Wrong.
    Sense 3: examination%1:10:01:: (interrogation) -> Wrong.
    Sense 4: examination%1:09:03:: (conscience) -> Wrong.
    Sense 5: examination%1:04:02:: (testing students) -> Wrong.

    Therefore, the index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of <t>changes</t> in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "changes" in the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence talks about examining "changes in personal staffing decisions"
- This refers to alterations/modifications in staffing decisions
- The time frame is "between 1986 and 1987"
- The context is about shifts or alterations in how staffing decisions were made

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse

2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage

3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election

4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains

Senses 5-10 are about money or clothes, which clearly don't apply.

The phrase "changes in personal staffing decisions" refers to alterations or modifications to staffing decisions. The context is examining these changes - looking at what changed.

Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" with synonyms "alteration, modification" - this fits well. The changes in staffing decisions are events/instances of things passing from one state to another.

Sense 2: "a relational difference between states" - this emphasizes the difference aspect rather than the event. This could work but seems more abstract.

Sense 3: "the action of changing something" - this emphasizes the action/process. The example "the change of government" is similar to "changes in staffing decisions" in that both refer to alterations in institutional arrangements. However, the context seems to focus on examining the changes themselves rather than the action.

Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification" - this emphasizes the result. The example "marked changes in the lining of the lungs" is about observable results. The context is examining changes in staffing decisions - these could be seen as results of alterations.

I think the key is to determine whether "changes" here refers to:
- The events of change (sense 1)
- The differences between states (sense 2)
- The action of changing (sense 3)
- The result of change (sense 4)

In the phrase "examination of changes in personal staffing decisions," the focus is on what changed - the alterations themselves. The synonyms for sense 1 "alteration, modification" match well with "changes in staffing decisions."

Let me compare sense 1 and sense 4 more carefully:
- Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another"
- Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification"

The context says "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions" - this is about examining the modifications/alterations that happened to staffing decisions. These changes are the events of transition, not necessarily the end results.

I think sense 1 is the best fit because:
1. The synonyms "alteration, modification" match the context well
2. The examples show similar usage: "the change was intended to increase sales"
3. The definition emphasizes the event/occurrence of change, which fits "examination of changes" - you examine the events/instances of change

Sense 4's examples like "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs" focus on observable results/outcomes, but in this context, it's more about examining the alterations themselves (the events of change) in staffing patterns.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in <t>personal</t> staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: `personal`
    *   Context: The text discusses congressional staff allocation (Democrats vs. Republicans). It mentions "personal staff", "personal staffing decisions", and "personal staffing differences".
    *   Specific sentence: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their **personal** staffs to district offices..." and "...changes in **personal** staffing decisions..."
    *   The word "personal" is modifying "staff" or "staffing". It refers to staff that works directly for an individual legislator (a specific person), as opposed to committee staff or leadership staff.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `personal%3:00:00::` | Definition: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality" | Examples: "a personal favor", "for your personal use".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on private life or personality. While "personal staff" belongs to a person, the distinction in the text is between "personal staff" (individual legislators' aides) and "committee staff" (shared/party resources). It's about who employs them or who they report to. Is it about private life? No, it's a professional political context. Is it about a particular person? Yes, in the sense that each legislator has their own staff. This is a strong contender if "particular person" is the core meaning, but the "private life" aspect makes it a bit mismatched for a professional political office.

    *   **Sense 2:** `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00` | Definition: "particular to a given individual" | Synonyms: "subjective".
        *   *Analysis:* This usually contrasts with "objective" or general. "Personal staff" isn't "subjective staff". It means staff *belonging* to the individual. This definition fits better than sense 1 regarding the "private life" distractor. The staff is particular to the given individual legislator. This sense captures the allocation aspect—each member has their *own* staff.

    *   **Sense 3:** `personal%3:01:01::` | Definition: "of or arising from personality" | Examples: "personal magnetism".
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant. This is about charisma or traits.

    *   **Sense 4:** `personal%5:00:00:physical:00` | Definition: "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being" | Examples: "personal hygiene".
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5:** `personal%3:01:00::` | Definition: "indicating grammatical person" | Examples: "personal verb endings".
        *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant (linguistics context).

3.  **Differentiating Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 mentions "private life". "Personal staff" in Congress is an official, public role, not a private one. However, WordNet definitions can be broad. "Concerning or affecting a particular person".
    *   Sense 2 says "particular to a given individual".
    *   Let's look at common usage in political science. "Personal staff" (or personal office) contrasts with "committee staff". The defining characteristic is that they are attached to a specific member (individual) rather than a committee or party organization.
    *   Is "personal staff" an instance of "concerning a particular person" (Sense 1) or "particular to a given individual" (Sense 2)?
    *   Often, Sense 2 in WordNet for adjectives denotes "particular to an individual" in terms of uniqueness or possession (like "personal opinion" vs "personal physician").
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy/usage for "personal staff". If I have a "personal assistant", it is an assistant for me (a particular person).
    *   Sense 1 examples: "personal favor", "personal use". These involve the individual's sphere.
    *   Sense 2 examples: Usually involves subjectivity or unique attributes (e.g., "a personal peculiarity").
    *   Actually, looking closely at Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person". This is the standard definition for "personal" in the sense of "belonging to a specific person". E.g., "personal computer", "personal belongings".
    *   Sense 2 ("particular to a given individual") often maps to "idiosyncratic" or "subjective". "Personal taste". The text is about ownership/assignment, not idiosyncrasy.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit. The staff belongs to/works for the *particular person* (the legislator). It distinguishes from public/shared/committee resources. It concerns the legislator directly.
    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2 based on standard WordNet usage for "personal staff".
    *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
        *   Adj 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality. (Includes "personal belongings", "personal God").
        *   Adj 2: particular to a given individual. (Synonyms: subjective). (Includes "personal preference").
    *   The phrase "personal staff" implies staff attached to the person. It is closest to "personal belongings" or "personal physician". Does that fall under Sense 1 or Sense 2?
    *   Sense 1 includes "concerning ... a particular person". The "private life" part of the gloss is a distractor for this specific context, but the core is "concerning a particular person".
    *   Sense 2 implies uniqueness or specificity to that individual's nature. A "personal staff" is not unique in nature (it's just staff), but assigned to the person.
    *   Let's check if WordNet treats "personal [noun]" (belonging to) under Sense 1. Yes, "personal belongings" are often cited under Sense 1.
    *   Context check: "allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs". This is about possession/allocation relative to the individual member.
    *   Sense 1 covers the relationship of belonging to a person.

    *   *Correction/Refinement*: Let's look at the specific nuances.
    *   Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person". A personal staff affects/concerns the legislator.
    *   Sense 2: "particular to a given individual" (Syn: subjective). This usually means "distinctive". e.g., "a personal style". "Personal staff" is not distinctive in that sense; it's a category of employment.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. The "private life" part of the gloss is unfortunate for this context (political office), but "concerning a particular person" is the operative definition that separates the staff of *Senator Smith* from the Senate Judiciary Committee staff.

    *   Let's double check if there's a "private vs public" distinction intended in the text. The text contrasts "personal staff" with "committee staff". Committee staff is shared/institutional. Personal staff is for the individual.
    *   Is there any other sense?
    *   Sense 1 seems the standard "belonging to/relating to a specific person" sense.

    *   Let's verify Sense 2 again. "Subjective". "Personal opinion". The staff is not an opinion.
    *   Let's verify Sense 1 again. "Personal use", "personal favor". These fit the "belonging to/for the use of" relationship.

    *   Decision: Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me reconsider Sense 2's definition: "particular to a given individual". Could "personal staff" mean "the staff specific to that individual"? Yes, Senator X has their specific staff.
    *   However, Sense 2 is strongly linked to "subjective" (mental/internal states or preferences) in WordNet. "A personal matter", "a personal peculiarity".
    *   Sense 1 covers "personal friend", "personal representative".
    *   The text is about staffing decisions. The staff belongs to the legislator.
    *   "Personal staff" functions like "personal secretary" or "personal assistant".
    *   In WordNet (checking external knowledge of the mapping), "personal" as in "personal assistant" or "personal belongings" usually maps to the first sense (concerning a particular person).
    *   The gloss for Sense 1 includes "concerning or affecting a particular person". The "private life" is an elaboration that fits many examples but not this specific political science context.
    *   The gloss for Sense 2 "particular to a given individual" often implies uniqueness or idiosyncrasy (synonym "subjective").
    *   Context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs". The staff is personal because they serve the person, not the committee.
    *   This fits "concerning a particular person".

    Let's select Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decisions
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing <t>decisions</t> in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:**
    *   Lemma: decision
    *   Surface form: decisions (plural noun).

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "An examination of changes in personal staffing <t>decisions</t> in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."
    *   Surrounding text discusses congressional behavior, specifically the allocation of staff, differences between Democrats and Republicans regarding local benefit-seeking vs. national policy making.
    *   The phrase "personal staffing decisions" refers to choices made by legislators regarding how they staff their offices (hiring, allocating resources). It refers to the act of deciding or the specific choices made regarding staffing.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `decision%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "the act of making up your mind about something"
        *   Synonyms: determination, conclusion
        *   Examples: "the burden of decision was his"
        *   Analysis: This refers to the *process* or *act* of deciding. In the context "staffing decisions," does it refer to the act of deciding? Often, "decisions" in plural (like "policy decisions") refers to specific outcomes or judgments reached, but it can also encompass the act. Let's look at Sense 2.

    *   **Sense 2:** `decision%1:09:00::`
        *   Definition: "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration"
        *   Synonyms: determination, conclusion
        *   Examples: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"
        *   Analysis: This refers to the *result* or *outcome* of the decision process. A "staffing decision" is a specific choice (e.g., hiring John Doe, allocating 3 staff to the district). The text talks about "changes in personal staffing decisions." These are specific choices made regarding staffing. This fits the "judgment reached" or "conclusion" aspect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `decision%1:11:02::`
        *   Definition: "(boxing) a victory won on points..."
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant context.

    *   **Sense 4:** `decision%1:11:01::`
        *   Definition: "the outcome of a game or contest"
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant context.

    *   **Sense 5:** `decision%1:07:00::`
        *   Definition: "the trait of resoluteness..."
        *   Synonyms: decisiveness
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant context. It refers to a personality trait, not a countable event/choice.

4.  **Disambiguate between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**

    *   Context: "changes in personal staffing decisions".
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *act* of deciding. Usually, the singular "decision" is used for the act (e.g., "Decision making is hard"). While "decisions" can refer to acts, it is more common to refer to the specific outcomes (the choices themselves) in the plural form.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *position/opinion/judgment reached*. A staffing decision is a specific determination (e.g., "I will hire X"). The text discusses the *nature* of these decisions (how many staff, where they are located). These are the results of the decision-making process.
    *   Let's look at the examples.
        *   Sense 1 ex: "the burden of decision" (abstract, singular).
        *   Sense 2 ex: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition" (specific, countable).
    *   "Staffing decisions" are countable entities. They are the conclusions reached regarding staff allocation. Sense 2 allows for countable, concrete instances of choices made. Sense 1 is more about the abstract mental process.
    *   In linguistics, "decision" in "staffing decisions" is a compound noun where "decision" acts as the head. The "staffing" modifies "decision". These are decisions *about* staffing. These are the specific judgments/conclusions.
    *   Comparing definition nuances:
        *   Sense 1: "the act of making up your mind".
        *   Sense 2: "a position or opinion or judgment reached".
    *   When we talk about "making decisions," we usually refer to the outcomes (Sense 2). "He made three decisions" -> he reached three conclusions/judgments. "The act of making up his mind three times" is a bit meta.
    *   Most WSD resources (like OntoNotes or standard usage) map specific choices/outcomes to Sense 2 (often labeled as `decision.n.02` or similar in other versions, corresponding to `decision%1:09:00` here). The "act" sense is usually reserved for the abstract concept of the process (e.g., "The decision was quick").
    *   Context phrase: "changes in personal staffing decisions". This implies specific administrative choices. These are distinct judgments reached. Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.

    *   Let's double-check WordNet 3.1 or 3.0 hierarchy.
        *   1:04:00 is under `act` (noun).
        *   1:09:00 is under `communication` (noun) / `message` (noun).
    *   Is a staffing decision an act or a communication/message/judgment? It is a determination (result).
    *   "Staffing decisions" are the outcomes of the process. "Who to hire" is the question; the decision is the answer/judgment.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Conclusion:**
    *   The target "decisions" refers to specific choices made by legislators regarding their staff.
    *   This fits the definition "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration".
    *   Sense index: 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: control
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when <t>control</t> of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine | examples=under control
2. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another | examples=measures for the control of disease; they instituted controls over drinking on campus
3. sense_key=control%1:04:02:: | definition=(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc | examples=the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired; he had lost control of his sphincters
4. sense_key=control%1:09:02:: | definition=a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment | synonyms=control condition | examples=the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw
5. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something | examples=the control of the mob by the police was admirable
6. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency | examples=her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her
7. sense_key=control%1:07:01:: | definition=discipline in personal and social activities | synonyms=restraint | examples=he was a model of polite restraint; she never lost control of herself
8. sense_key=control%1:09:01:: | definition=great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity | synonyms=command, mastery | examples=a good command of French
9. sense_key=control%1:06:00:: | definition=a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine | synonyms=controller | examples=the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly; I turned the controls over to her
10. sense_key=control%1:18:00:: | definition=a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance
11. sense_key=control%1:10:00:: | definition=the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc. | examples=they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `control`
    *   Target surface form: `control`
    *   Context snippet: "...when <t>control</t> of that body changed party hands..."
    *   Sentence: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when <t>control</t> of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals..."
    *   Meaning in context: The text discusses which political party has the majority/power to direct the actions of the Senate. "Control of that body" refers to the political dominance or power held by one party over the Senate legislative body.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (control%1:07:00::):** "power to direct or determine" (example: "under control").
        *   This is a very general sense of power/authority. It fits well. "Control of the Senate" = power to direct the Senate.

    *   **Sense 2 (control%1:24:00::):** "a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another" (examples: "control of disease", "controls over drinking").
        *   This implies restriction or constraint (like disease control or regulations). While political control involves some constraint, the context is about *running* the body or having the majority status, not specifically restricting it in a regulatory sense. It's close, but usually refers to the object of constraint. Here, "control of that body" is about governance/power.

    *   **Sense 3 (control%1:04:02::):** "(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc".
        *   Biological context. Not relevant here.

    *   **Sense 4 (control%1:09:02::):** "a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment".
        *   Scientific experiment context. Not relevant here.

    *   **Sense 5 (control%1:04:00::):** "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".
        *   This refers to the *activity* or *process*. The context says "when control... changed party hands". You can possess "power" (Sense 1) or "dominance" (Sense 6), but "the activity changed hands" is slightly less natural than "the power changed hands". However, Sense 1 (power) or Sense 6 (state of dominance) are usually better fits for something that can be "held" or "change hands".

    *   **Sense 6 (control%1:26:00::):** "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another" (synonyms: dominance, ascendance...).
        *   This fits very well. The Senate is a group. The parties are groups. "Control changed party hands" implies the state of dominance shifted from one group to another. Synonyms like "dominance" or "ascendancy" fit the political context of a majority party.

    *   **Sense 7 (control%1:07:01::):** "discipline in personal and social activities".
        *   Self-control context. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 8 (control%1:09:01::):** "great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity".
        *   Skill context. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 9 (control%1:06:00::):** "a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine".
        *   Physical device. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 10 (control%1:18:00::):** "a spiritual agency...".
        *   Spiritualism context. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 11 (control%1:10:00::):** "the economic policy of controlling or limiting...".
        *   Economic policy. Not relevant.

3.  **Differentiate between Sense 1 and Sense 6:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "power to direct or determine".
    *   **Sense 6:** "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another" (synonyms: dominance, ascendancy).

    Context: "when control of that body changed party hands".
    This implies possession of power or a state of dominance. Sense 6 specifically mentions "one person or group has power over another" and lists "dominance" as a synonym. In political science contexts regarding legislatures, "control" often refers to the "state of dominance" or "majority status" of a party (e.g., "Republican control of Congress").
    Sense 1 is the abstract "power".
    Sense 6 is the "state" of having that power ("the state that exists when one ... group has power over another").

    Let's look at the examples.
    Sense 1 example: "under control".
    Sense 6 examples: "her apparent dominance of her husband...".

    The phrase "control of that body" refers to the state of affairs where one party rules the Senate.
    Sense 1 defines "control" as the power itself.
    Sense 6 defines "control" as the *state* of having that power.
    When we say "The Democrats lost control of the Senate," we mean they lost the state of dominance.
    Sense 6 seems more precise for "party control" in a political context, as it explicitly references groups and power dynamics (dominance/ascendancy).
    However, Sense 1 is often the go-to for general "power to direct".

    Let's check the hierarchy/definitions in WordNet more closely if possible (conceptually).
    Sense 1 (power to direct) is often hyponymous to "power".
    Sense 6 (state of dominance) is hyponymous to "state" or "status".
    "Control of the Senate" is often treated as a possession (something you have/hold).
    If I hold "control", am I holding a "power" or a "state"?
    In political reporting: "Republicans took control of the House." This implies taking the position of dominance.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "power to direct or determine".
    Let's look at Sense 6 again: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".

    The context highlights "disproportionate control Democrats exercise... due to their majority-party status".
    Majority-party status leads to control. This aligns with Sense 6 (state of dominance/group power).
    The phrase "control of that body changed party hands" suggests that "control" is the object being passed. You pass a state of dominance or you pass the power.
    Sense 6 specifically mentions "group has power over another".

    Let's look at Sense 5 ("activity of managing"). Control changed hands -> the management changed hands? Possible, but "party hands" suggests the entity (party) holding the power/state. "Control" here is the *state of dominance* held by a party.

    Between 1 and 6:
    Sense 1: Power.
    Sense 6: State of dominance.
    In political science, "party control" refers to the condition where one party holds the majority. This is a state of dominance. Sense 6 is very specific: "state that exists when one person or group has power over another". This matches "party control of the Senate" perfectly.

    Therefore, Sense 6 is the best fit.

    Let's double check Sense 1. "under control". This usually refers to a situation being manageable. "Control of the Senate" isn't just "power", it's specifically the dominant position.

    Let's check if there's a "political control" sense. Not explicitly labeled, but Sense 6 captures the "group over group" dynamic (Party over Senate).

    Result: Sense 6.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: body
Target surface form: body
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=body%1:08:00:: | definition=the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being) | synonyms=organic structure, physical structure | examples=he felt as if his whole body were on fire
2. sense_key=body%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity | examples=the whole body filed out of the auditorium; the student body
3. sense_key=body%1:08:02:: | definition=a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person | synonyms=dead body | examples=they found the body in the lake
4. sense_key=body%1:17:00:: | definition=an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects | examples=heavenly body
5. sense_key=body%1:08:01:: | definition=the body excluding the head and neck and limbs | synonyms=torso, trunk | examples=they moved their arms and legs and bodies
6. sense_key=body%1:14:02:: | definition=a collection of particulars considered as a system | examples=a body of law; a body of doctrine
7. sense_key=body%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of holding together and retaining its shape | synonyms=consistency, consistence, eubstance | examples=wool has more body than rayon; when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake
8. sense_key=body%1:10:00:: | definition=the central message of a communication | examples=the body of the message was short
9. sense_key=body%1:07:01:: | definition=the main mass of a thing
10. sense_key=body%1:06:01:: | definition=a resonating chamber in a musical instrument (as the body of a violin) | synonyms=soundbox
11. sense_key=body%1:06:00:: | definition=the external structure of a vehicle | examples=the body of the car was badly rusted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: `body`
    *   Context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-..."
    *   Key phrase: "control of that **body** changed party hands".
    *   Antecedent: The text refers to the Senate just before ("changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987... when control of that body...").
    *   So, "body" here refers to the Senate, a legislative assembly.

2.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "the entire structure of an organism". Physical body. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity". Examples: "the student body", "the whole body filed out...".
        *   This sense fits legislative bodies (like the Senate, House of Representatives). The Senate is a group of persons associated by occupation (legislators) regarded as an entity. This seems very strong.
    *   Sense 3: "a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass...". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: "the body excluding the head and neck...". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: "a collection of particulars considered as a system". Examples: "body of law", "body of doctrine".
        *   This is usually for abstract collections, not a specific legislative assembly.
    *   Sense 7: "the property of holding together...". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: "the central message of a communication". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 9: "the main mass of a thing". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 10: "a resonating chamber...". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 11: "the external structure of a vehicle". Incorrect.

3.  **Refine Choice:**
    *   Sense 2 is the standard WordNet sense for legislative bodies, committees, and organizations viewed as a single entity. The Senate is a legislative body. The gloss "a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity" fits the Senate perfectly.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context mentions "Senate". The sentence says "control of that body". "That body" refers to the Senate.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity".
    *   Synonyms/Examples: "student body". Legislative bodies fit here.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

5.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Index corresponds to the numbered list provided in the prompt.
    *   The correct sense is number 2.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed <t>party</t> hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: *party*
    *   Target surface form: *party*
    *   Context snippet: "...when control of that body changed <t>party</t> hands..."
    *   Wider context: The text discusses congressional Republicans vs. Democrats, national policy making, roll-call votes, and control of the Senate changing hands.
    *   Specific phrase: "changed party hands". This idiom means control shifted from one political group (e.g., Democrats) to another (e.g., Republicans).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `party%1:14:01::` | Definition: an organization to gain political power | Synonyms: political party | Examples: "in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level".
        *   This fits the political context perfectly. "Party hands" refers to the hands of the political organizations (Democrats/Republicans).
    *   **Sense 2:** `party%1:14:00::` | Definition: a group of people gathered together for pleasure | Examples: "she joined the party after dinner".
        *   This refers to a social gathering/fiesta. Not relevant to congressional control.
    *   **Sense 3:** `party%1:14:02::` | Definition: a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | Synonyms: company | Examples: "search party".
        *   This refers to a specific group on a mission (search party, survey party). Not relevant to the political structure controlling a legislative body.
    *   **Sense 4:** `party%1:11:00::` | Definition: an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | Examples: "celebrate Bastille Day".
        *   Similar to Sense 2, refers to an event. Not the "party" controlling the Senate.
    *   **Sense 5:** `party%1:18:00::` | Definition: a person involved in legal proceedings | Examples: "party of the first part".
        *   Legal context. Not applicable here.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context discusses "congressional Republicans", "Democrats", "majority-party status", and control of the Senate.
    *   The phrase "changed party hands" means the political organization holding power changed.
    *   Sense 1 ("an organization to gain political power" / "political party") is the exact meaning required.

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Target: "party" in "changed party hands".
    *   Meaning: Political party (Democrats vs Republicans).
    *   Matching Sense: Sense 1.
    *   JSON format required.

    Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`