[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reveal
Target surface form: reveals
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, <t>reveals</t> that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reveal%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible | synonyms=uncover, bring out, unveil | examples=Summer brings out bright clothes; He brings out the best in her
2. sense_key=reveal%2:32:00:: | definition=make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret | synonyms=unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose | examples=The auction house would not disclose the price at which the van Gogh had sold; The actress won't reveal how old she is
3. sense_key=reveal%2:39:04:: | definition=disclose directly or through prophets | examples=God rarely reveal his plans for Mankind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: reveal
    *   Target surface form: reveals
    *   Context sentence: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ... moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
    *   Subject: "An examination of changes..."
    *   Object: "...that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   Meaning: The examination shows/demonstrates/proves that a specific fact is true.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: `reveal%2:39:00::` | definition=make visible | synonyms=uncover, bring out, unveil | examples=Summer brings out bright clothes; He brings out the best in her. This sense is physical or metaphorical about making something visible or bringing a quality out. It's often used with physical objects or qualities (unveil a statue, bring out clothes).
    *   Sense 2: `reveal%2:32:00::` | definition=make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret | synonyms=unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose | examples=The auction house would not disclose the price...; The actress won't reveal how old she is. This sense is about disclosing information, facts, or truth. It involves making mental content or facts known.
    *   Sense 3: `reveal%2:39:04::` | definition=disclose directly or through prophets | examples=God rarely reveal his plans for Mankind. This is a religious/supernatural sense.

3.  **Compare context to senses**:
    *   The context involves an "examination" (a study/analysis) leading to a conclusion (a fact/finding).
    *   The finding is that "the personal staffing differences... can not be attributed to..."
    *   This fits the pattern of making information known or showing a result.
    *   Sense 1 ("make visible") is too physical. We aren't visually uncovering something hidden behind a curtain. We are finding information.
    *   Sense 3 is specific to divine revelation.
    *   Sense 2 ("make known to the public information...") fits the general idea of "disclose" or "show to be true". The example "The actress won't reveal how old she is" involves information. The context sentence involves information (the findings of the examination).
    *   Is the information a secret? Not necessarily a "secret" in the spy sense, but the finding was not known before the examination. WordNet's definitions can be schematic. The core meaning here is "disclose" or "make apparent/show". Often, academic/formal contexts use "reveal" in the sense of "show/demonstrate" which falls under the communication/information disclosure node (class 2:32 in WordNet, which is often communication).
    *   Let's look closely at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1 (2:39:00) is often visual perception (unveil, uncover).
        *   Sense 2 (2:32:00) is communication/disclosure.
    *   In the sentence "An examination... reveals that...", the word functions as a communication verb reporting a finding.
    *   Common academic usage: "The data reveal X", "The study reveals Y". This aligns with Sense 2's examples ("The actress won't reveal..."). It is about information.
    *   Sometimes "reveal" in "The study reveals X" might be glossed as "make visible" (Sense 1) in some dictionaries if interpreted as "make visible a truth", but WordNet distinguishes "make visible" (physical/unveil) from "make known" (information/disclose).
    *   Let's check the hierarchy.
        *   2:39 is "perception".
        *   2:32 is "communication".
    *   Is an examination communicating? Yes, it is producing information. It is showing a fact.
    *   However, "make visible" (Sense 1) can be interpreted metaphorically as "make apparent".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: uncover, bring out, unveil.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose.
    *   The phrase "The examination reveals that..." is roughly synonymous with "The examination shows that..." or "The examination demonstrates that...".
    *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1, Sense 2 (reveal%2:32:00::) is defined as "make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret". The definition mentions "secret". The findings of the study weren't necessarily a secret, just unknown.
    *   Sense 1 (reveal%2:39:00::) is "make visible". Examples: "Summer brings out bright clothes". This is clearly about visual appearance or emergence.
    *   Is there another sense?
    *   Let's consider the "bridge" between the two.
    *   "The analysis reveals the truth." This is usually Sense 2 (disclosing information).
    *   "The curtain reveals a stage." This is Sense 1.
    *   "The study reveals that staffing differences cannot be attributed to..." This is a clause functioning as information. The object is a fact (clause).
    *   Sense 1 usually takes a noun phrase object (unveil a statue, uncover a plot).
    *   Sense 2 can take a clause (reveal how old she is).
    *   In the context sentence: "...reveals **that** the personal staffing differences..." (takes a 'that'-clause).
    *   Sense 1 examples: "Summer brings out bright clothes" (NP). "He brings out the best in her" (NP).
    *   Sense 2 examples: "The actress won't reveal **how old she is**" (clause).
    *   The syntactic frame "reveal that [clause]" aligns better with Sense 2 (disclose information).

    *   Let's double check if "make visible" (Sense 1) allows clausal complements. Usually, 'unveil' and 'uncover' take NPs. "Unveil that X" is awkward. "Reveal that X" is standard. "Disclose that X" is standard (Sense 2 synonym).
    *   Therefore, based on syntactic behavior and the nature of the object (information/fact vs physical object), Sense 2 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final check**:
    *   Target: "reveals that..."
    *   Sense 1: make visible (visual). Synonyms: uncover, unveil. "Uncover that..." is possible but "reveal" in "reveal that" is standard academic discourse for presenting findings. Is this "making visible"? Metaphorically, yes, but WordNet splits "make visible" (perception node) and "make known" (communication node).
    *   Sense 2 definition includes "make known to the public information...". Even if not a "secret", the function is making information known. The synonym "disclose" fits "disclose findings".
    *   The example for Sense 2 ("The actress won't reveal how old she is") shows the clausal usage.
    *   The context is about presenting findings (information). It is not about physically uncovering something.
    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the <t>personal</t> staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "personal" used in the phrase "personal staffs" and "personal staffing decisions".
The context discusses congressional Republicans and Democrats, and how they allocate their "personal staffs" to district offices vs Washington offices.
Wait, "personal staff" refers to staff members who work directly for an individual legislator, as opposed to committee staff or shared staff.
Let's look at the senses:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. particular to a given individual
3. of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". A personal staff is a staff particular to a given individual (legislator), unlike committee staff, which is shared.
Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality" -> "for your personal use", "a personal favor".
In politics, a "personal staff" is the staff that belongs to and works specifically for the individual member of Congress. This fits "particular to a given individual" (Sense 2) perfectly, distinguishing it from institutional or committee staffs.

Wait, let me double check the definition of Sense 2: "particular to a given individual".
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "a personal favor; for your personal use". This can also mean belonging to a particular person. However, "personal staff" in Congress refers to the staff specific to that individual member. Sense 2 captures "particular to a given individual", which is exactly what "personal staff" means in this context—it is the staff assigned to the individual legislator, as opposed to committee staff or leadership staff.
So, sense 2 seems the best fit.

Let's review sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality. This often has a connotation of privacy or personal life, whereas "personal staff" is about belonging to the individual member as an official.
Sense 2: particular to a given individual. This is exactly what distinguishes a member's personal staff from committee staff. "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions... can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise... over other resources such as committee staff." The contrast is between "personal staff" and "committee staff". The staff particular to the individual member.

Thus, sense 2 is the best.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: differences
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing <t>differences</t> noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "differences" (plural form of "difference") in a specific context.

**Context Analysis:**
The text discusses political science, specifically the staffing decisions of congressional Democrats and Republicans.
The target sentence is: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing <t>differences</t> noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."

The "differences" referred to here are the variations in how Democrats and Republicans allocate their personal staff (specifically the proportion allocated to district offices vs Washington offices) mentioned in the previous sentences and the "table" referenced. The text compares how different parties handle staffing.

**Candidate Sense Analysis:**

1.  **sense_index: 1** | Definition: the quality of being unlike or dissimilar. | Examples: there are many differences between jazz and rock.
    *   This sense refers to the abstract concept of dissimilarity or distinctness between two things. The text discusses the differences *between* Democrats and Republicans regarding staffing ratios. The "differences noted in the table" are the specific ways in which the two groups diverge in their behavior. This fits well.

2.  **sense_index: 2** | Definition: a variation that deviates from the standard or norm. | Synonyms: deviation, divergence, departure. | Examples: the deviation from the mean.
    *   This sense implies a deviation from a norm or standard. While the staffing choices might deviate from a hypothetical norm, the text frames it more as a comparison between two distinct groups (Dems vs Reps) rather than one group deviating from a standard. It's close, but sense 1 is a broader "comparison/contrast" meaning which fits the political science comparative context better.

3.  **sense_index: 3** | Definition: a disagreement or argument about something important. | Synonyms: dispute, difference of opinion, conflict.
    *   This refers to an interpersonal conflict. The text is about quantitative measures of staffing allocation, not an argument or fight.

4.  **sense_index: 4** | Definition: a significant change. | Examples: the difference in her is amazing.
    *   This refers to a transformation or noticeable effect/impact. The text is not talking about a "change" in that sense (like "making a difference"), but about static contrasts between data points.

5.  **sense_index: 5** | Definition: the number that remains after subtraction...
    *   This is a mathematical/arithmetical definition. The text uses numbers (proportions, rates), but "differences" here refers to the distinct patterns of staffing allocation, not a specific subtraction result.

**Discrimination:**
The context talks about comparing Democrats and Republicans. The table notes "differences" — meaning the ways in which they are dissimilar or distinct in their staffing patterns.
Sense 1 ("the quality of being unlike or dissimilar") captures the general idea of comparing two entities and finding points of divergence.
Sense 2 ("variation that deviates from the standard") is possible if we consider one party the norm, but usually in political science, it's about the quality of the distinction between the two groups.
Sense 1 is the standard, default sense for "difference" when discussing contrasts between groups or concepts (A vs B). The example "differences between jazz and rock" parallels "differences between Democrats and Republicans".

Let's check the specific phrase "personal staffing differences".
"Staffing differences" = ways in which staffing is dissimilar between the groups.
Does it fit Sense 1? Yes. "The quality of being unlike".
Does it fit Sense 2? "A deviation from the norm". This implies there is a "norm" established. While plausible, Sense 1 is the primary lexical definition for "difference" in a comparative context.

Let's look at the previous sentence: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion... to district offices".
This is a specific difference.
Sense 1 covers the state of being different.
Sense 2 covers a deviation.
Usually, if I say "There are differences between A and B", I use Sense 1.
Here the text says "personal staffing differences noted in the table". The table presumably shows numbers for Democrats and numbers for Republicans. The "differences" are the discrepancies between these sets of numbers.
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Therefore, sense_index: 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: note
Target surface form: noted
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences <t>noted</t> in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=note%2:32:00:: | definition=make mention of | synonyms=observe, mention, remark | examples=She observed that his presentation took up too much time; They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing
2. sense_key=note%2:39:00:: | definition=notice or perceive | synonyms=notice, mark | examples=She noted that someone was following her; mark my words
3. sense_key=note%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with care or pay close attention to | synonyms=take note, observe | examples=Take note of this chemical reaction
4. sense_key=note%2:32:01:: | definition=make a written note of | synonyms=take down | examples=she noted everything the teacher said that morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `note`
    *   Target surface form: `noted`
    *   Context snippet: "...reveals that the personal staffing differences <t>noted</t> in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   Grammar: "differences <t>noted</t> in the table". This is a participial adjective (past participle) modifying "differences". It means "differences [that were] noted in the table".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `note%2:32:00::` | definition=make mention of | synonyms=observe, mention, remark | examples="She observed that his presentation took up too much time..."
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies a speech act or the act of bringing something up in discourse. It's about saying something about a topic. "The differences noted in the table" doesn't mean the differences were "mentioned" in a speech act sense, but rather that they were identified or pointed out *within* the table.

    *   **Sense 2:** `note%2:39:00::` | definition=notice or perceive | synonyms=notice, mark | examples="She noted that someone was following her..."
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies cognitive perception or becoming aware of something. "I noted the bird." Can a table "notice" or "perceive"? No. Can the author "notice" differences in the table? Yes. However, the syntax here is "differences noted in the table". The prepositional phrase "in the table" strongly suggests where the noting occurred or where the record exists. If I say "differences noted by the author," it might be perception. But "noted in the table" usually means they are recorded, listed, or explicitly pointed out for the reader to see within that specific medium. Let's look at the other senses to see if there's a better fit for "written/recorded" or "pointed out/identified".

    *   **Sense 3:** `note%2:39:02::` | definition=observe with care or pay close attention to | synonyms=take note, observe | examples="Take note of this chemical reaction"
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to sense 2, this is about the mental act of paying attention. "The differences observed with care in the table" doesn't fit the passive construction "noted in the table" as well as a recording/mentioning sense might.

    *   **Sense 4:** `note%2:32:01::` | definition=make a written note of | synonyms=take down | examples="she noted everything the teacher said that morning"
        *   *Analysis:* This involves writing/recording. A table is a written document. The differences are "noted" (recorded/written down) in the table. This seems physically accurate. The differences are recorded in the table.

3.  **Re-evaluating Sense 1 vs Sense 4 vs Sense 2.**

    *   Context: "...the personal staffing differences <t>noted</t> in the table..."
    *   Does it mean "mentioned" (Sense 1)? "The differences mentioned in the table." This works. The table mentions them.
    *   Does it mean "perceived" (Sense 2)? "The differences perceived in the table." This is awkward. The differences were *there* to be perceived, but the word "noted" in this specific construction usually implies that the table *displays* or *records* them.
    *   Does it mean "written down" (Sense 4)? "The differences written down in the table." This works. Tables are for recording data.

    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy/part of speech distinctions (implied by sense keys).
        *   `note%2:32:00` (Sense 1) is "make mention of". This often takes a `that` clause. "She noted that...".
        *   `note%2:39:00` (Sense 2) is "notice or perceive". Transitive verb. "She noted the car."
        *   `note%2:32:01` (Sense 4) is "make a written note of".

    *   Let's look at usage in academic/formal text.
        *   "The differences noted in the table."
        *   Synonyms to test: "The differences *recorded* in the table" vs "The differences *mentioned* in the table" vs "The differences *observed* in the table".
        *   "Recorded" fits very well with the nature of a table. Tables record data.
        *   "Mentioned" fits okay, but "mention" is usually verbal or narrative text. Tables "show" or "list" or "record".
        *   "Observed" (Sense 2/3) implies a viewer. "The differences observed in the table" could mean the reader saw them there. But usually, when an author says "differences noted in the table", they are referring to the presence of the data points which serve as evidence. They are pointing out that the table contains these specific findings.

    *   Let's look closely at Sense 1 examples: "She observed that...; They noted that it was a fine day...". These are speech acts/reporting verbs.
    *   Let's look closely at Sense 4 examples: "she noted everything the teacher said". This is recording.

    *   Is the text saying the author *mentions* the differences (Sense 1) or that the table *records* the differences (Sense 4)?
    *   Actually, there is often a conflation in academic writing between "pointing out" (Sense 1) and "recording" (Sense 4).
    *   However, look at Sense 1's definition: "make mention of". This is often synonymous with "cite" or "refer to".
    *   Look at Sense 2's definition: "notice or perceive". This is often the most general sense of "note" (e.g., "Please note the change in schedule" - which can mean 'notice' or 'write down'). "Please note the differences in the table."
    *   Let's check WordNet 3.0/3.1 specific definitions for `note%2:39:00`. It's "notice or perceive". "She noted that someone was following her".
    *   Let's check `note%2:32:00`. "make mention of". Synonyms: observe, mention, remark. This is the communicative sense.
    *   Let's check `note%2:32:01`. "make a written note of".

    *   Phrase: "noted in the table".
    *   If I say "The anomaly noted in the graph," I usually mean "The anomaly *observed/found* in the graph" (Sense 2 - perceive/notice) OR "The anomaly *recorded/written* in the graph" (Sense 4).
    *   Often, "noted in [a source]" implies **Sense 2 (perceive/notice)** in the broad sense of "observed/reported", OR **Sense 1 (make mention of)** if it refers to the text pointing it out.
    *   However, "note" as in "make a written note of" (Sense 4) is specifically about the physical act of writing or recording data. A table is a record. "The differences recorded in the table." This seems semantically precise. The table contains the written record of the differences.
    *   But let's look at Sense 2 again. "Notice or perceive". "She noted the difference." -> She perceived the difference.
    *   If I write "differences noted in the table", am I saying the differences were perceived? Or recorded?
    *   In scientific/academic writing, "values noted in the table" usually means "values recorded/listed".
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 4.
    *   Sense 1: "make mention of". Texts make mention of things. Tables? Tables "list" or "show". "Mention" feels like a verbal/narrative act.
    *   Sense 4: "make a written note of". This fits the medium (table/writing).
    *   Let's consider Sense 2. "Notice or perceive". If the differences are "noted in the table", does the table perceive them? No. Does the author perceive them *via* the table? Yes. This passive construction is tricky. "The differences noted" = "The differences [that one notes]". "Note" often means "pay attention to" or "observe". "Note the warning signs."
    *   Common usage: "Please note the changes in the document." (Notice/Observe). "The changes were noted in the document." (Recorded).
    *   If the sentence was "The author noted the differences in the table", it could be Sense 2 (saw them) or Sense 4 (wrote them down).
    *   But "The differences <t>noted</t> in the table" serves as a pointer to the data present.
    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: "make mention of". Synonyms: observe, mention, remark. Example: "They noted that it was a fine day." (Speech act).
    *   Sense 4: "make a written note of". Synonyms: take down. Example: "she noted everything the teacher said." (Recording).

    *   Context: "personal staffing differences <t>noted</t> in the table".
    *   Are the differences "mentioned" (Sense 1)? "The differences mentioned in the table." Tables don't usually "speak" or "mention" in the narrative sense, they display data.
    *   Are the differences "written down" (Sense 4)? "The differences recorded in the table." Yes, data in a table is written down/recorded. This seems the strongest fit for the nature of a "table".
    *   However, there is a nuance. Sometimes "noted" is used as "observed".
    *   "The differences observed in the table." (Sense 2/3).
    *   Let's check the boundaries of Sense 2. "Notice or perceive". "She noted that someone was following her." This is cognitive.
    *   If I say "The differences noted in the table," does it mean "The differences that are there for you to notice"?
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 (`note%2:32:00`) -> `communicate` -> `intercommunicate`.
        *   Sense 2 (`note%2:39:00`) -> `perceive` -> `comprehend`.
        *   Sense 4 (`note%2:32:01`) -> `record` -> `enter` -> `put down`.

    *   The phrase "noted in the table" refers to the data being present.
    *   Is it a communicative act (Sense 1)? The table communicates the differences.
    *   Is it a recording act (Sense 4)? The table records the differences.
    *   Is it a perception act (Sense 2)? The differences are perceived in the table?

    *   Let's look at the usage of "noted in" in corpus linguistics.
        *   "Exceptions noted in the list." -> Recorded/Found.
        *   "As noted in the introduction..." -> Mentioned (Sense 1).
        *   "Values noted in the column." -> Recorded (Sense 4).

    *   Here, the object is "differences". A table contains data. Data is "recorded" or "listed".
    *   Sense 4 "make a written note of" fits "recording data in a table".
    *   Sense 1 "make mention of" fits "discussing something in text". A table is an appendix/data display. While it communicates, the action of putting differences into a table is "recording" (Sense 4).
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 seems the most precise for "data in a table".
    *   *Counter-argument:* Sometimes "noted" is used broadly for "mentioned/pointed out". "As noted in the table..." often means "As pointed out by the data in the table...". But the text says "differences noted in the table". The differences *are* the content.
    *   If the text said "As noted in the table, Democrats allocate...", that would be Sense 1 (Mentioned).
    *   But the text says "the personal staffing differences <t>noted</t> in the table". This is a Noun Phrase. The head is "differences". The differences are *contained/recorded* in the table.
    *   "Make a written note of" (Sense 4) captures the "containment/recording" aspect of a table.

    *   Let's double check Sense 2. "Notice or perceive". "The differences perceived in the table". This puts the focus on the observer. "The differences noted in the table" puts the focus on the presence of the differences in the record. Sense 4 ("written note of") supports the physical presence in the record.

    *   Let's consider if Sense 1 ("make mention of") applies. Synonyms: "observe", "mention", "remark". Can a table "remark" on differences? Not really. Can an author "mention" differences *in a table*? Yes, "The author mentioned the differences in the table." In that case, the author is the agent. Here, the passive participle "noted" modifies "differences". "Differences [that are] noted in the table." The agent is likely the author/researcher who put them there. Putting them there is "making a written note of" them.
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 fits best.

    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and 4 again.
        *   "Note the time." (Sense 2 or 4? Usually write down or observe).
        *   "Note the error." (Observe/Sense 2).
        *   "The error was noted in the log." (Recorded/Sense 4).
        *   "The differences noted in the table." (Recorded/Sense 4).

    *   Conclusion: The differences are recorded/written down in the table. Sense 4 matches "make a written note of".

    *   Wait, let me check if WordNet `note%2:32:01` is strictly "take down" (like dictation). Example: "she noted everything the teacher said". This implies creating a record.
    *   Does a table "create a record"? Yes.
    *   Does Sense 2 "notice or perceive" fit? If I say "The differences observed in the table", it works. But "observed" in that context often means "witnessed". "Noted" in "noted in the table" strongly implies the record keeping aspect. "Data points noted in the table."
    *   Many WSD systems map "noted in [document/table]" to the "record" sense.
    *   Let's check if there is a "point out" sense. Sense 1 is "make mention of". "Point out" is close. If the sentence was "It should be noted that...", that's Sense 1.
    *   Here: "differences noted in the table".
    *   If I replace "noted" with synonyms:
        *   "differences *mentioned* in the table" (Sense 1). Plausible.
        *   "differences *recorded* in the table" (Sense 4). Very plausible.
        *   "differences *observed* in the table" (Sense 2). Plausible.
    *   However, "table" is the key context. Tables are tools for recording data. Sense 4 (written note) is the specific action that populates a table. Sense 1 (mention) is communicative/verbal. Sense 2 (perceive) is cognitive.
    *   The sentence discusses "staffing decisions... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table...". The differences serve as data. Data is recorded.
    *   Sense 4 seems the most distinct and appropriate for "data in a table".

    *   One caveat: In some WSD frameworks, "noted in [text/table]" is treated as "mentioned/cited". Why? Because the author is "mentioning" them by putting them there.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1's synonyms: "observe, mention, remark".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4's synonyms: "take down".
    *   "The differences taken down in the table" sounds weird. "Taken down" usually refers to dictation or quick notes.
    *   "The differences mentioned in the table." A table isn't a speaker. "Mentioned" is awkward for a table, though common for "mentioned in the text".
    *   What about Sense 2? "Notice or perceive". "The differences [that were] noticed in the table."
    *   What about Sense 3? "Observe with care". "The differences observed with care in the table." No.
    *   Let's go back to the definition text.
        *   Sense 1: "make mention of".
        *   Sense 2: "notice or perceive".
        *   Sense 4: "make a written note of".

    *   Let's consider the phrase "as noted in". "As noted in the previous chapter..." (Sense 1 - mentioned).
    *   "The values noted in the table..." (Sense 4 - recorded).
    *   Here we have "differences noted in the table". It refers to the values/data themselves.
    *   To "note" data into a table is to record it.
    *   To "note" an argument in a text is to mention it.
    *   I will stick with Sense 4. The physical act of recording data in a table corresponds to "make a written note of". Even though the synonym "take down" (Sense 4) is specific, the definition "make a written note of" is broad enough to cover recording data in a table.
    *   Alternative view: Is it Sense 2? "Notice or perceive". "The differences [which you should] note in the table." "See the differences in the table."
    *   But the syntax is passive: "differences [which were] noted". Who noted them? The researcher. What did the researcher do? They recorded them in the table. Or they observed them and put them in the table.
    *   In WSD tasks involving "note" + [Location], Sense 4 (record) is standard for data tables, Sense 1 (mention) is standard for text citations.
    *   Therefore, Sense 4.

    *   Let's check Sense 2 again. Is it possible it's Sense 2? "She noted that someone was following her." (Perceived).
    *   "The differences noted in the table" -> "The differences perceived in the table".
    *   If the author is the agent: "The author noted the differences in the table."
        *   Did the author see them there? Or did the author write them there?
        *   Context: "An examination of changes... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."
        *   The differences are the subject of the analysis. The table displays the data.
        *   Most likely, "noted" means "listed/recorded".
        *   Sense 4: "make a written note of".
        *   Synonyms: "take down".
        *   "Make a written note of" -> Record.
        *   This fits "recorded in the table".

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again. "Make mention of".
    *   Synonyms: "mention, remark".
    *   "The differences mentioned in the table".
    *   Is a table a place where one "mentions" things? Usually one mentions things *in a speech* or *in a paragraph*. One *lists* or *records* things in a table.
    *   Sense 4 captures "written note" -> Table.

    *   Final check.
    *   WordNet 3.1:
        *   01946842-v: make mention of (Sense 1)
        *   02146707-v: notice, perceive (Sense 2)
        *   02145934-v: observe with care (Sense 3)
        *   01019213-v: record, tape, record on tape, register, record (implied parent?) No, let's stick to provided keys.
        *   `note%2:32:01` is "make a written note of".
    *   Sentence: "differences noted in the table".
    *   Prediction: Sense 4.

    Let me double check if there's any ambiguity with "observed".
    If I say "The trend noted in the graph," I usually mean "The trend observed (seen) in the graph".
    However, if I say "The figures noted in the ledger," I mean "recorded".
    "Differences" in a "table" could be "observed findings".
    BUT, "differences noted in the table" acts as a reference to the specific data points listed.
    If the author wanted to say "observed", they would likely use "observed". "Noted" in the context of a table usually emphasizes the presence of the record.
    Sense 4 "make a written note of" is the specific action of putting it into the table.
    I will select Sense 4.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again. "Notice or perceive".
    Example: "She noted that someone was following her."
    Example: "She noted the difference." -> She saw the difference.
    "The difference noted in the table." -> The difference seen in the table?
    vs
    "The difference recorded in the table." -> The difference written in the table.
    Given the "House attendance rate" and "staffing decisions", these are calculated statistics. The author "notes" them (writes them) into the table.
    Sense 4 seems more robust for "Table".

    Let's check "Sense 1" one last time.
    "As noted in the table..." (As mentioned in the table). This is very common academic prose. "As noted in Figure 1..."
    In that structure "As noted...", "noted" acts as a participle meaning "mentioned/stated".
    Does the sentence fit that? "The differences noted in the table".
    "The differences mentioned in the table".
    "The differences stated in the table".
    "The differences recorded in the table".
    Actually, Sense 1 ("make mention of") is often used for "pointing out" facts.
    "Note the difference." (Imperative: Notice/Mark/Pay attention -> Sense 2/3).
    "I note that..." (I mention/say -> Sense 1).
    "He noted the address." (He wrote it down -> Sense 4).
    "The differences noted in the table." -> Were they "mentioned" or "written down"?
    A table is a collection of written notes.
    Sense 4 is "make a written note of".
    If I look at Sense 1 synonyms: "observe, mention, remark".
    "The differences remarked in the table." (No).
    "The differences mentioned in the table." (Maybe).
    "The differences observed in the table." (Possible).
    Sense 4 synonyms: "take down".
    "The differences taken down in the table." (No).

    This is tricky. "Noted in the table" is a fixed academic phrase.
    If I look at Sense 1 again: "make mention of".
    Usage: "She observed that his presentation took up too much time."
    Usage: "They noted that it was a fine day..."
    This sense is about *saying* things.
    Does a table "say" things? Metaphorically, yes.
    But does it "record" things? Literally, yes.
    Sense 4 "make a written note of" is literally true for a table.
    Sense 1 "make mention of" is metaphorically true (the table communicates).

    Usually, literal interpretations are preferred in WSD unless it's an idiom. A table is a written medium. The author made written notes of the differences in the table.
    Therefore Sense 4.

    Let's verify if Sense 2 fits better.
    "Notice or perceive".
    "The differences noticed in the table".
    This implies the differences were subtle and the reader/author "spotted" them.
    The context is a discussion of data presentation. "Personal staffing differences noted in the table".
    The differences are the *data* being presented.
    Presentation = Recording/Writing.
    Sense 4.

    Let's look at Sense 1 one more time. Is "noted" a synonym for "cited" or "referenced"?
    "Reference is noted in the bibliography." (Recorded/Written).
    "As noted above..." (Mentioned).
    Here we have "noted in the table".
    A table is a data structure.
    I will bet on Sense 4 (written note).

    Let's try to find a reason to pick Sense 1.
    If "note" means "state". "The table states the differences."
    "State" is closer to "mention".
    But "written note" is the essence of a table.
    Sense 4.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: table
Target surface form: table
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the <t>table</t> can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=table%1:14:00:: | definition=a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1
2. sense_key=table%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs | examples=it was a sturdy table
3. sense_key=table%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it | examples=I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant
4. sense_key=table%1:17:00:: | definition=flat tableland with steep edges | synonyms=mesa | examples=the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water
5. sense_key=table%1:14:01:: | definition=a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game | examples=he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks
6. sense_key=table%1:13:01:: | definition=food or meals in general | synonyms=board | examples=she sets a fine table; room and board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "table"
    *   Target surface form: "table"
    *   Context snippet: "...as shown in the **table**, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..." and "...differences noted in the <t>table</t> can not be attributed to..."
    *   The context is an academic/political science text discussing data, statistics, staffing decisions, and party differences.
    *   The word "table" refers to something that shows data, figures, or comparisons. The phrase "shown in the table" and "differences noted in the table" strongly implies a visual representation of data.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `table%1:14:00::` | Definition: "a set of data arranged in rows and columns" | Synonyms: tabular array | Examples: "see table 1". -> This fits perfectly with the academic context where data is presented for analysis.
    *   **Sense 2:** `table%1:06:01::` | Definition: "a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top..." | Examples: "it was a sturdy table". -> This refers to physical furniture. The context talks about data and staffing numbers, not furniture.
    *   **Sense 3:** `table%1:06:02::` | Definition: "a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it" | Examples: "I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant". -> This is specific to dining/restaurants. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 4:** `table%1:17:00::` | Definition: "flat tableland with steep edges" | Synonyms: mesa. -> This is a geographical feature. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 5:** `table%1:14:01::` | Definition: "a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game". -> This refers to a group of people. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 6:** `table%1:13:01::` | Definition: "food or meals in general" | Synonyms: board. -> This refers to food. Incorrect.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The context explicitly mentions data ("The Democratic House attendance rate...", "proportion of their personal staffs...").
    *   The phrases "shown in the table" and "noted in the table" are standard academic phrases referring to data presentation (rows and columns).
    *   Sense 1 is the definition of a data table.

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The user explicitly said: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
    *   The chosen sense corresponds to index 1.

5.  **Final verification:**
    *   Does sense 1 fit? Yes. Data arranged in rows and columns is exactly what is meant by "shown in the table" in a research paper context.
    *   Do other senses fit? No. They refer to furniture, geography, people, or food.

    *   Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attribute
Target surface form: attributed
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be <t>attributed</t> to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attribute%2:31:00:: | definition=attribute or credit to | synonyms=impute, ascribe, assign | examples=We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare; People impute great cleverness to cats
2. sense_key=attribute%2:31:01:: | definition=decide as to where something belongs in a scheme | synonyms=assign | examples=The biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ..., moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be <t>attributed</t> to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
    *   Subject: "personal staffing differences noted in the table".
    *   Verb: "<t>attributed</t>" (passive voice).
    *   Object/Agent phrase: "to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise...".
    *   Meaning: The differences in staffing cannot be *explained by* or *credited to* the disproportionate control Democrats have. The differences are not caused by that control.

2.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "attribute or credit to".
    *   Synonyms: "impute, ascribe, assign".
    *   Examples: "We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare"; "People impute great cleverness to cats".
    *   Fit: This sense is about explaining the cause or origin of something (a quote, a quality, a difference) by linking it to a source (Shakespeare, cats, control). The phrase "attributed to" in the context fits perfectly here. "We can't say X caused Y" is equivalent to "We can't attribute Y to X". The text discusses assigning a cause/explanation (staffing differences) to a specific source (Democratic control).

3.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "decide as to where something belongs in a scheme".
    *   Synonyms: "assign".
    *   Examples: "The biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class".
    *   Fit: This sense is about classification or categorization within a system/taxonomy. Is the text talking about classifying "staffing differences" into a scheme? No. It's talking about causality/explanation. The "disproportionate control" is not a class or category; it's a cause or reason.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Sense 1 involves causality, origin, or assigning responsibility/credit.
    *   Sense 2 involves classification.
    *   The context clearly deals with causality (why staffing differences exist). Therefore, the staffing differences cannot be *explained by* or *ascribed to* the control.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": N}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   Selected index: 1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: control
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate <t>control</t> Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine | examples=under control
2. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another | examples=measures for the control of disease; they instituted controls over drinking on campus
3. sense_key=control%1:04:02:: | definition=(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc | examples=the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired; he had lost control of his sphincters
4. sense_key=control%1:09:02:: | definition=a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment | synonyms=control condition | examples=the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw
5. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something | examples=the control of the mob by the police was admirable
6. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency | examples=her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her
7. sense_key=control%1:07:01:: | definition=discipline in personal and social activities | synonyms=restraint | examples=he was a model of polite restraint; she never lost control of herself
8. sense_key=control%1:09:01:: | definition=great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity | synonyms=command, mastery | examples=a good command of French
9. sense_key=control%1:06:00:: | definition=a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine | synonyms=controller | examples=the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly; I turned the controls over to her
10. sense_key=control%1:18:00:: | definition=a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance
11. sense_key=control%1:10:00:: | definition=the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc. | examples=they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "control" in the context:

"...the disproportionate <t>control</t> Democrats exercise, due to their majority-party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

Let me analyze the context:
- This is about Democrats having majority-party status
- They exercise control over resources like committee staff
- This is political control/dominance/power

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine - This could fit, as it's about power to direct.

2. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another - This is more about constraint/restriction.

3. sense_key=control%1:04:02:: | definition=(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc - Not relevant, this is physiological.

4. sense_key=control%1:09:02:: | definition=a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment - This is about experimental control, not relevant.

5. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something - This could fit, as it's about the activity of managing.

6. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency - This fits well! The Democrats have power over resources due to their majority status. This is about dominance/ascendancy of one party over another.

7. sense_key=control%1:07:01:: | definition=discipline in personal and social activities - Not relevant.

8. sense_key=control%1:09:01:: | definition=great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity - Not relevant.

9. sense_key=control%1:06:00:: | definition=a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine - Not relevant, not about a mechanical control.

10. sense_key=control%1:18:00:: | definition=a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance - Not relevant.

11. sense_key=control%1:10:00:: | definition=the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc. - Not directly relevant, though it mentions controlling resources.

The context is about political control - the Democrats (as the majority party) having power/authority over resources like committee staff. This is about political dominance/power.

The key phrases:
- "disproportionate control Democrats exercise"
- "due to their majority-party status"
- "over other resources"

This is clearly about one political party having dominance/power over another in terms of resources. Sense 6 with synonyms "dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency" fits perfectly - it's about the state where one group (Democrats) has power over resources due to their majority status.

Sense 1 "power to direct or determine" could also fit, but sense 6 is more specific to the political context of one group having power over another, which matches perfectly with the example "her apparent dominance of her husband" showing a similar power dynamic.

Sense 5 "the activity of managing or exerting control over something" is also close, but the focus here is more on the state/condition of having control (disproportionate control) rather than the activity itself.

I believe sense 6 is the best fit because:
1. It specifically addresses the state where one group has power over another
2. The synonyms (dominance, ascendancy) perfectly describe the political situation of a majority party
3. The example shows a similar power dynamic

My answer: {"sense_index": 6}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control <t>Democrats</t> exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: democrat
    *   Target surface form: Democrats
    *   Context: A text discussing US politics, specifically Congressional behavior, comparing Republicans and Democrats regarding local benefit-seeking, roll-call attendance, and staffing decisions.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `democrat%1:18:01::` | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
        2.  `democrat%1:18:00::` | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense.
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": N}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text explicitly contrasts "congressional Republicans" with "Democrats".
    *   It discusses "The Democratic House attendance rate" vs "Republican House attendance rate".
    *   It mentions "control of that body changed party hands".
    *   It refers to "majority-party status".
    *   It discusses political parties, voting behavior, and staffing in the US Congress.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "a member of the Democratic Party".
    *   Fit: This fits perfectly. The text refers to the political party known as the Democrats (capitalized in the text usually, though the target instance is "Democrats"). The context is entirely about the organizational behavior of the Democratic Party vs. the Republican Party in the US Congress.

4.  **Evaluate Candidate Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "an advocate of democratic principles".
    *   Synonyms: populist.
    *   Fit: This refers to a person who believes in democracy in a general political theory sense (lowercase 'd' democrat usually, though the lemma is democrat). The context is not about political philosophy in the abstract sense of supporting democracy (as opposed to monarchy or authoritarianism). It is specifically about the partisan entity opposing the Republicans. The capitalization in the text ("Democrats", "Republican") signals the proper noun usage referring to the specific US political party.

5.  **Comparison:**
    *   Sense 1 is the specific political party member sense.
    *   Sense 2 is the general ideological sense.
    *   The context uses "Republicans" as the parallel term. The US political system is dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Therefore, "Democrats" here refers to members of the Democratic Party.

6.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

7.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exercise
Target surface form: exercise
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats <t>exercise</t>, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exercise%2:34:00:: | definition=put to use | synonyms=exert | examples=exert one's power or influence
2. sense_key=exercise%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions | synonyms=practice, practise, do | examples=practice law
3. sense_key=exercise%2:29:01:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=work, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
4. sense_key=exercise%2:29:00:: | definition=do physical exercise | synonyms=work out | examples=She works out in the gym every day
5. sense_key=exercise%2:31:00:: | definition=learn by repetition | synonyms=drill, practice, practise | examples=We drilled French verbs every day; Pianists practice scales

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "exercise" in the context: "...the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is about Democrats exercising control over resources
- This is about political power/control, specifically "disproportionate control Democrats exercise... over other resources"
- The sense here is about putting power or influence to use, exerting control

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=exercise%2:34:00:: | definition=put to use | synonyms=exert | examples=exert one's power or influence
2. sense_key=exercise%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions | synonyms=practice, practise, do | examples=practice law
3. sense_key=exercise%2:29:01:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=work, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
4. sense_key=exercise%2:29:00:: | definition=do physical exercise | synonyms=work out | examples=She works out in the gym every day
5. sense_key=exercise%2:31:00:: | definition=learn by repetition | synonyms=drill, practice, practise | examples=We drilled French verbs every day; Pianists practice scales

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit:
- Definition: "put to use"
- Synonyms: "exert"
- Examples: "exert one's power or influence"

In the context, Democrats are "exercising control" over resources - this matches perfectly with sense 1's meaning of putting power/authority to use, and the example "exert one's power or influence" is highly relevant to the political context where Democrats are exercising their control due to their majority-party status.

Sense 2 is about practicing professions (like "practice law"), which doesn't fit.
Sense 3 is about physical exercise/training, which doesn't fit.
Sense 4 is also about physical exercise, which doesn't fit.
Sense 5 is about learning by repetition, which doesn't fit.

The answer is sense 1.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: status
Target surface form: status
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party <t>status</t>, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=status%1:26:00:: | definition=the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society | synonyms=position | examples=he had the status of a minor; the novel attained the status of a classic
2. sense_key=status%1:26:01:: | definition=a state at a particular time | synonyms=condition | examples=a condition (or state) of disrepair; the current status of the arms negotiations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "status" in the context: "due to their majority-party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is discussing Democrats having "majority-party status"
- This refers to their position/standing as the majority party in Congress
- It's about their relative position of power - being in the majority gives them control over resources

Let me compare the two senses:

Sense 1: "the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society"
- Synonyms: position
- Examples: "he had the status of a minor", "the novel attained the status of a classic"
- This is about relative standing, rank, or position in a hierarchy

Sense 2: "a state at a particular time"
- Synonyms: condition
- Examples: "a condition (or state) of disrepair", "the current status of the arms negotiations"
- This is about the condition or state something is in

In the phrase "majority-party status", this refers to the Democrats' position or standing as the majority party. They have the standing/position of being the majority party, which gives them certain powers and control over resources. This is about their relative position in the political hierarchy (majority vs minority party), not about a temporary state or condition.

"Majority-party status" clearly fits sense 1 better - it's about the relative position or standing (being in the majority) rather than a state or condition. The Democrats have the "status" or "position" of being the majority party.

The answer is sense 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over <t>other</t> resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "other", and the surface form is "other".
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "...disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over <t>other</t> resources such as committee staff."
    *   The phrase is "over other resources such as committee staff."
    *   The preceding context talks about "personal staffs".
    *   The sentence contrasts "personal staffing decisions" with "other resources".
    *   Here, "other" modifies "resources". It implies resources *besides* the personal staffs already discussed.
    *   It distinguishes between personal staff (mentioned previously) and other types of resources (like committee staff).
3.  **Evaluate candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `other%3:00:00::` - Definition: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". Examples: "today isn't any other day", "the construction of highways and other public works".
        *   *Match*: The context discusses "personal staffs". Then it mentions "other resources such as committee staff". Committee staff are resources distinct from the personal staffs already mentioned. This fits the definition "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". The example "highways and other public works" parallels "personal staffs and other resources".
    *   **Sense 2**: `other%5:00:00:past:00` - Definition: "recently past". Example: "the other evening".
        *   *Match*: No. The target is not a time reference.
    *   **Sense 3**: `other%5:00:02:past:00` - Definition: "belonging to the distant past". Synonyms: "early, former".
        *   *Match*: No. Not a time reference.
    *   **Sense 4**: `other%5:00:00:strange:00` - Definition: "very unusual; different in character or quality...".
        *   *Match*: No. "Other resources" are not being described as strange or anomalous; they are simply *additional/different* resources from the ones mentioned.
4.  **Conclusion**: Sense 1 is the correct choice. It indicates distinctness from the previously mentioned items (personal staffs).
5.  **Format Output**: The user wants a JSON object with the index.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: resource
Target surface form: resources
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other <t>resources</t> such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=resource%1:21:00:: | definition=available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed
2. sense_key=resource%1:07:00:: | definition=a source of aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed | examples=the local library is a valuable resource
3. sense_key=resource%1:09:00:: | definition=the ability to deal resourcefully with unusual problems | synonyms=resourcefulness, imagination | examples=a man of resource

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "resources" in the context: "...the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other <t>resources</t> such as committee staff."

Let me analyze the context:
- This is about political staffing and resource allocation
- "Committee staff" is given as an example of these "resources"
- These are things that Democrats control due to their majority-party status
- The passage discusses how different resources are allocated (personal staff, committee staff)

Let me look at each sense:

1. **sense_key=resource%1:21:00::** - "available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed"
   - This focuses on wealth and financial/material supplies
   - Committee staff isn't really "wealth" - it's personnel

2. **sense_key=resource%1:07:00::** - "a source of aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed"
   - Example: "the local library is a valuable resource"
   - This is a broader sense - something that provides aid or support
   - Committee staff would fit this - they are a source of support/aid that can be drawn upon
   - This seems to fit well - committee staff is a resource/support mechanism for political work

3. **sense_key=resource%1:09:00::** - "the ability to deal resourcefully with unusual problems"
   - Synonyms: resourcefulness, imagination
   - Example: "a man of resource"
   - This is about personal capability/ingenuity, not external resources
   - This doesn't fit at all - we're talking about committee staff, not personal abilities

The context clearly refers to "resources" as things controlled by a political party, with "committee staff" as an example. This is about tangible assets/support mechanisms that can be drawn upon, not about personal resourcefulness or wealth specifically.

Sense 2 best fits - committee staff is a "source of aid or support" that Democrats could draw upon due to their majority status.

So the answer is sense_index:2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: committee
Target surface form: committee
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as <t>committee</t> staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=committee%1:14:00:: | definition=a special group delegated to consider some matter;  - Milton Berle | synonyms=commission | examples=a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours
2. sense_key=committee%1:14:01:: | definition=a self-constituted organization to promote something | synonyms=citizens committee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "committee" in the context of "committee staff" in the U.S. Congress.
Sense 1: "a special group delegated to consider some matter" (synonyms: commission)
Sense 2: "a self-constituted organization to promote something" (synonyms: citizens committee)

In the context of Congress, a "committee" refers to a legislative committee (e.g., House Ways and Means Committee, Senate Judiciary Committee), which is a special group delegated to consider legislative matters. This perfectly aligns with Sense 1. Sense 2 refers to something like a grassroots "citizens committee", which does not fit the context of congressional staff allocation.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.