[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: summer
Target surface form: summer
Context:
The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the <t>summer</t>. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=summer%1:28:00:: | definition=the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox | synonyms=summertime | examples=they spent a lazy summer at the shore
2. sense_key=summer%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty | examples=the golden summer of his life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `summer`.
    *   Target surface form: `summer`.
    *   Context: A paragraph about the NCUA suing banks (Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, etc.) over mortgage securities. The specific sentence mentions "...sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the <t>summer</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `summer%1:28:00::`: The warmest season of the year (literal season).
        2.  `summer%1:28:01::`: The period of finest development, happiness, or beauty (metaphorical).
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer."
    *   The word "summer" is used to indicate a specific time of year when the lawsuits were filed.
    *   It refers to a calendar season, not a metaphorical "peak" or "golden age" of something.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "the warmest season of the year..." (Literal). Fits perfectly. Lawsuits happen in calendar time.
    *   Sense 2: "the period of finest development..." (Metaphorical). Does not fit. There is no indication that "summer" refers to the peak or prime of the banks or the regulator. It is a temporal reference.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   The usage is clearly temporal/literal.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition for a calendar season.
    *   Therefore, the index is 1.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   JSON format required: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fate
Target surface form: fate
Context:
The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the <t>fate</t> of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fate%1:11:00:: | definition=an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future | synonyms=destiny
2. sense_key=fate%1:18:00:: | definition=the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman) | synonyms=destiny | examples=we are helpless in the face of destiny
3. sense_key=fate%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "fate" in the sentence: "This sealed the <t>fate</t> of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007."
    *   The context discusses the financial crisis, mortgage-backed securities, and the collapse of companies like Lehman Brothers.
    *   "Sealed the fate" is a key phrase. It means determined the final outcome or destiny of these companies.
    *   The "fate" here refers to the negative outcome (bankruptcy/collapse) that happened to these companies.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `fate%1:11:00::` | Definition: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future" | Synonyms: `destiny`.
        *   This sense focuses on *future* events. While "sealed the fate" implies determining the future, the usage here emphasizes the *outcome* that befell the companies. It's less about an abstract "event happening in the future" (prophecy style) and more about the specific result/condition.

    *   **Sense 2:** `fate%1:18:00::` | Definition: "the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman)" | Synonyms: `destiny` | Examples: "we are helpless in the face of destiny".
        *   This refers to "Fate" as a force or power (personified). The context is about specific financial outcomes, not the abstract force of Fate controlling the universe. So, this is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `fate%1:26:00::` | Definition: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)" | Synonyms: `fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion` | Examples: "whatever my fortune may be"; "deserved a better fate".
        *   This sense encompasses the ultimate outcome or condition befalling someone/something.
        *   The phrase "sealed the fate" means determined the ultimate outcome/destiny/lot of the companies.
        *   "Fate" here equals the negative outcome (ruin/bankruptcy) that happened to them. This aligns well with "condition in life... including everything that happens to you" (or in this case, to a company).
        *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: Sense 1 is "an event... in the future". Sense 3 is "circumstances or condition... including everything that happens".
        *   Let's look at the phrase "sealed the fate". It means the outcome was fixed. The "fate" *is* the outcome (bankruptcy).
        *   Example "deserved a better fate" fits perfectly with "sealed the fate of a number of financial companies".
        *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy.
            *   Sense 1 (event) vs Sense 3 (state/circumstance).
            *   Usually, "sealed the fate" refers to the specific outcome/destiny.
            *   In WordNet 3.1/3.0:
                *   Sense 1: destiny, fate -> an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future.
                *   Sense 3: fortune, destiny, fate, luck, lot, circumstances, portion -> your overall circumstances or condition in life...
            *   Context: "The dubious mortgage securities... sealed the fate...".
            *   The "fate" was collapse/bankruptcy. Is this an "event" (Sense 1) or a "condition/outcome" (Sense 3)?
            *   Often, specific outcomes like death, ruin, or success are treated as the "lot" or "destiny" (Sense 3). "Deserved a better fate" (Sense 3 example) is very close structurally to "sealed their fate".
            *   Let's consider the "inevitably happen in the future" aspect of Sense 1. The sealing happened in the past (2007). The fate became the outcome.
            *   Most WSD systems map "sealed his fate" to the sense regarding "destiny/lot/outcome" (often Sense 3 in this list, though sometimes mappings vary between versions).
            *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: `fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion`.
            *   "Sealed the doom/lot/destiny".
            *   Sense 1 synonyms: `destiny`.
            *   Sense 3 seems broader and more focused on the "lot" or "outcome" that happens to an entity.
            *   Consider the example "deserved a better fate". One can replace the context sentence: "The companies deserved a better fate." This works.
            *   Consider Sense 1 example usage. "It was his fate to die young." (Event). "This sealed his fate" -> "This sealed his destiny/outcome".
            *   In many dictionaries, "fate" meaning "the predetermined, usually inevitable or irresistible, course of events" is the primary definition. "Sealed the fate" implies the *outcome* was determined.
            *   Sense 3 definition: "your overall circumstances or condition in life... including everything that happens to you".
            *   When a company goes belly up, that is its "condition" or "ultimate outcome".
            *   Let's check the "state" vs "event" distinction.
            *   Bankruptcy is a state of affairs.
            *   However, standard WSD conventions often group "destiny/lot" (the outcome) under the "circumstances/lot" sense (Sense 3 here).
            *   Let's try to differentiate.
                *   Sense 1: Focus on the *prediction* or the *inevitable future event*. "It is my fate to walk alone."
                *   Sense 3: Focus on the *actual outcome* or the *lot in life*. "He suffered a terrible fate." "Sealed his fate."
            *   In the text: "This sealed the fate...". The action caused the outcome. The "fate" is the ruin. "He suffered a terrible fate" maps to Sense 3 in WordNet (based on "deserved a better fate" being the example for Sense 3).
            *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the better fit for "sealed the fate" leading to a specific result (bankruptcy/ruin). It captures the "lot/portion/outcome" aspect better than the abstract "future event" aspect.

3.  **Refining the choice:**
    *   Sense 1: "an event ... that will inevitably happen in the future".
    *   Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition ... including everything that happens to you".
    *   Example for Sense 3: "deserved a better fate".
    *   Context: "sealed the fate... [resulting in] went belly-up".
    *   "Sealed the fate" idiomatically means determined the ultimate outcome. The outcome is a "lot" or "fortune" (bad fortune).
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 aligns best with the example "deserved a better fate" and the synonyms "fortune, lot, portion".

    *   Let's double check Sense 1. If I say "The prophecy foretold his fate", that's Sense 1 (future event). Here, the fate is *sealed* (determined). The focus is on the resulting condition (bankruptcy). The example "deserved a better fate" under Sense 3 strongly suggests that when evaluating a specific outcome (good or bad) that happened to someone, Sense 3 is intended.
    *   The text describes the actual outcome (losses, bankruptcy) that constitutes the "fate".
    *   Thus, Sense 3 is correct.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: number
Target surface form: number
Context:
The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a <t>number</t> of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
2. sense_key=number%1:23:00:: | definition=a concept of quantity involving zero and units | examples=every number has a unique position in the sequence
3. sense_key=number%1:10:04:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
4. sense_key=number%1:10:03:: | definition=the number is used in calling a particular telephone | synonyms=phone number, telephone number | examples=he has an unlisted number
5. sense_key=number%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol used to represent a number | synonyms=numeral | examples=he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
6. sense_key=number%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=issue | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
7. sense_key=number%1:14:00:: | definition=a select company of people | examples=I hope to become one of their number before I die
8. sense_key=number%1:10:02:: | definition=a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification | synonyms=identification number | examples=she refused to give them her Social Security number
9. sense_key=number%1:07:01:: | definition=a clothing measurement | examples=a number 13 shoe
10. sense_key=number%1:10:05:: | definition=the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural) | examples=in English the subject and the verb must agree in number
11. sense_key=number%1:06:00:: | definition=an item of merchandise offered for sale | examples=she preferred the black nylon number; this sweater is an all-wool number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: `number`
    *   Target surface form: `number`
    *   Context sentence: "This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007."
    *   Phrase: "a number of"

2.  **Analyze the meaning in context**:
    *   The phrase "a number of" is a common quantifier phrase meaning "some," "many," or "a group of."
    *   It refers to an indefinite quantity of financial companies.
    *   It is not a specific mathematical number (sense 2).
    *   It is not a telephone number (sense 4).
    *   It is not a theatrical performance (sense 3).
    *   It is not a symbol (sense 5).
    *   It is not a magazine issue (sense 6).
    *   It is not a select company of people (sense 7) - though related, "a number of financial companies" fits the "quantity" sense better than the "group of specific people" sense.
    *   It is not an ID number (sense 8).
    *   It is not a clothing size (sense 9).
    *   It is not grammatical number (sense 10).
    *   It is not an item of merchandise (sense 11).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   *Sense 1*: `number%1:07:00::` | definition="the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals" | synonyms=figure | examples="he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small".
        *   This fits perfectly. The example "he had a number of chores to do" mirrors "a number of financial companies". The definition mentions "indefinite quantity of units or individuals". The context describes a quantity of companies.

    *   *Sense 2*: `number%1:23:00::` | definition="a concept of quantity involving zero and units".
        *   This is the abstract mathematical concept of number (integer, real, etc.). While "number of" relates to quantity, Sense 1 specifically handles the quantifier usage "a number of" (an indefinite quantity). Sense 2 is usually for things like "7 is a number" or "number theory".

    *   *Sense 7*: `number%1:14:00::` | definition="a select company of people".
        *   Example: "I hope to become one of their number".
        *   Context: "a number of financial companies". This refers to a quantity of companies, not a specific, select group of people sharing a membership or status in the way "one of their number" implies. Sense 1 is the standard quantifier usage.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   Sense 1 examples: "he had a number of chores to do". This construction matches the text exactly ("a number of financial companies").
    *   Sense 2 definition is more abstract/mathematical.

5.  **Conclusion**: Sense 1 is the correct sense. It covers the usage of "a number of" meaning an indefinite quantity.

6.  **Format Output**: The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

    Let's double check the list.
    1. number%1:07:00:: (indefinite quantity) -> Matches "a number of".
    2. number%1:23:00:: (concept of quantity) -> Abstract.
    3. number%1:10:04:: (performance) -> Irrelevant.
    4. number%1:10:03:: (phone number) -> Irrelevant.
    5. number%1:10:01:: (symbol) -> Irrelevant.
    6. number%1:10:00:: (issue) -> Irrelevant.
    7. number%1:14:00:: (select company) -> Specific usage "one of their number".
    8. number%1:10:02:: (ID number) -> Irrelevant.
    9. number%1:07:01:: (clothing size) -> Irrelevant.
    10. number%1:10:05:: (grammar) -> Irrelevant.
    11. number%1:06:00:: (merchandise item) -> Irrelevant.

    The match is Sense 1.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial <t>companies</t> when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: `company`
    *   Surface Form: `companies` (plural noun)

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses..."
    *   "...regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase..."
    *   "...dubious mortgage securities... underpinned by home loans."
    *   "This sealed the fate of a number of financial **companies** when the US property bubble exploded in 2007."
    *   "The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up..."
    *   Key context clues: "banks", "investment bank", "JPMorgan Chase", "financial", "losses", "business/economic context".

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `company%1:14:01::` | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies...
        *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. The text discusses financial institutions, banks (JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs), and investment banks (Lehman Brothers). These are business institutions. The word "financial" modifying "companies" aligns with the business definition.

    *   **Sense 2:** `company%1:14:03::` | definition=small military unit...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. No military context.

    *   **Sense 3:** `company%1:26:00::` | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. This refers to abstract social presence, not a countable entity that can have a "fate sealed" or be described as "financial".

    *   **Sense 4:** `company%1:14:02::` | definition=organization of performers...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. No theatrical context.

    *   **Sense 5:** `company%1:18:00::` | definition=a social or business visitor...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Context refers to entities that can fail or be sued (banks), not visitors.

    *   **Sense 6:** `company%1:14:00::` | definition=a social gathering of guests...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. No social gathering context.

    *   **Sense 7:** `company%1:14:06::` | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. "Financial companies" implies business firms, not a temporary band of people.

    *   **Sense 8:** `company%1:14:04::` | definition=crew of a ship...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. No maritime context.

    *   **Sense 9:** `company%1:14:05::` | definition=a unit of firefighters...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. No firefighter context.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the clear winner. It refers to business firms/institutions. The context mentions "major banks", "investment bank", and "financial companies" facing losses during the property bubble crisis.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: height
Target surface form: height
Context:
The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the <t>height</t> of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=height%1:07:00:: | definition=the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top | synonyms=tallness
2. sense_key=height%1:26:00:: | definition=the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development | synonyms=acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative | examples=his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty; the artist's gifts are at their acme
3. sense_key=height%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot | synonyms=stature
4. sense_key=height%1:07:02:: | definition=elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface | synonyms=altitude | examples=the altitude gave her a headache

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about the financial crisis in 2008. The phrase is "at the height of the financial crisis."
"Height" here means the peak or the most intense point of the crisis.
Candidate sense 2 definition: "the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development". Synonyms: "acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative".
This matches the meaning of "height" in "at the height of the financial crisis".
Sense 1 is physical vertical dimension. Sense 3 is human stature. Sense 4 is altitude above sea level.
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crisis
Target surface form: crisis
Context:
The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial <t>crisis</t>. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the appropriate sense of "crisis" in this passage.

The context discusses:
- Financial companies and banks
- The US property bubble exploding in 2007
- Lehman Brothers going bankrupt ("belly-up") in September 2008
- The phrase "at the height of the financial crisis"

This is clearly referring to a period of extreme economic difficulty and danger, the global financial crisis that began in 2007-2008. This was characterized by bank failures, market crashes, and severe economic downturn.

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis

2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

Sense 1 refers to an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty. The example given is "they went bankrupt during the economic crisis" which is very similar to our context where Lehman Brothers went bankrupt "at the height of the financial crisis."

Sense 2 refers to a crucial stage or turning point, with a medical example about a patient's condition improving or worsening after a crisis.

The context clearly matches sense 1, as it's describing a period of extreme financial difficulty and danger, not a turning point in a process. The financial crisis of 2007-2008 was characterized by instability and danger in financial systems, exactly fitting the definition in sense 1.

So the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: banks
Context:
The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The <t>banks</t> battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about financial institutions, specifically mentioning JPMorgan Chase, Royal Bank of Scotland, Goldman Sachs, and Lehman Brothers. The target word "banks" clearly refers to financial institutions that accept deposits and lend money.

Sense 2: bank%1:14:00:: - a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities - this is the correct sense.

The sense index should be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wind
Target surface form: wind
Context:
The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong <t>wind</t> in the USA several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wind%1:19:00:: | definition=air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure | synonyms=air current, current of air | examples=trees bent under the fierce winds; when there is no wind, row
2. sense_key=wind%1:19:01:: | definition=a tendency or force that influences events | examples=the winds of change
3. sense_key=wind%1:04:01:: | definition=breath | examples=the collision knocked the wind out of him
4. sense_key=wind%1:10:01:: | definition=empty rhetoric or insincere or exaggerated talk | synonyms=malarkey, malarky, idle words, jazz, nothingness | examples=that's a lot of wind; don't give me any of that jazz
5. sense_key=wind%1:10:00:: | definition=an indication of potential opportunity | synonyms=tip, lead, steer, confidential information, hint | examples=he got a tip on the stock market; a good lead for a job
6. sense_key=wind%1:06:00:: | definition=a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by an enclosed column of air that is moved by the breath | synonyms=wind instrument
7. sense_key=wind%1:04:02:: | definition=a reflex that expels intestinal gas through the anus | synonyms=fart, farting, flatus, breaking wind
8. sense_key=wind%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of winding or twisting | synonyms=winding, twist | examples=he put the key in the old clock and gave it a good wind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form**:
    *   Lemma: wind
    *   Surface form: wind (noun, singular)

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   Sentence: "The banks battling against a strong <t>wind</t> in the USA several years later."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses financial institutions (banks), lawsuits, mortgage-backed securities, the 2007 property bubble, the financial crisis, and Lehman Brothers going bankrupt.
    *   Specific phrase: "battling against a strong wind". While literally this could mean meteorological wind, in this context of banks struggling with lawsuits, regulators, and the aftermath of a crisis, it is metaphorically used. It represents resistance, difficulty, or an opposing force.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1 (wind%1:19:00::)**: "air moving... from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure".
        *   Literal meaning. Does it fit? Yes, physically. But is it the *best* fit given the context of financial struggle? The sentence says "battling against a strong wind". This is a very common idiom. However, WordNet distinguishes between literal air movement and metaphorical influence.

    *   **Sense 2 (wind%1:19:01::)**: "a tendency or force that influences events".
        *   Example: "the winds of change".
        *   Definition analysis: A force that influences events. The context describes banks struggling ("battling") against difficult conditions (regulators, investors, claims).
        *   Comparison: Sense 1 is literal air. Sense 2 is metaphorical force. The text says "battling against a strong wind". In financial journalism, "facing headwinds" or "battling against a strong wind" is a standard metaphor for adverse conditions. However, is Sense 2 the right sense for "strong wind" in this specific sentence? Or is Sense 1 used metaphorically in the sentence, but Sense 2 is the specific WordNet entry for that metaphorical usage?
        *   Let's look at the definitions again. Sense 1 is "air moving...". Sense 2 is "a tendency or force that influences events".
        *   If I say "The boat battled against a strong wind", I am referring to Sense 1 (literal air).
        *   If I say "The banks are battling against a strong wind" regarding the financial crisis, I am using the metaphor.
        *   Does WordNet capture "adverse circumstances" under Sense 2? The definition says "a tendency or force that influences events". The example is "winds of change".
        *   Let's look at the structure of WordNet. Usually, metaphorical extensions are separate senses if they are established.
        *   Is "a strong wind" in a financial context "air moving"? No. It is "a force that influences events" (specifically a negative/adverse force). Therefore, Sense 2 seems the appropriate semantic category for the metaphor.

    *   **Sense 3 (wind%1:04:01::)**: "breath". (e.g., knocked the wind out of him). Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 4 (wind%1:10:01::)**: "empty rhetoric...". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 5 (wind%1:10:00::)**: "an indication of potential opportunity". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 6 (wind%1:06:00::)**: "musical instrument". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 7 (wind%1:04:02::)**: "reflex that expels intestinal gas". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 8 (wind%1:04:00::)**: "the act of winding or twisting". Not relevant (noun form of verb wind/wind).

4.  **Narrowing down to Sense 1 vs Sense 2**:
    *   Context: Financial crisis, banks struggling.
    *   Phrase: "battling against a strong wind".
    *   Sense 1: Literal air.
    *   Sense 2: A tendency or force that influences events.
    *   The text is a translation or a slightly awkward English construction ("The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later." - seems to be a fragment or a translation from German perhaps, "Die Banken kämpfen gegen einen starken Wind").
    *   Regardless of the grammatical awkwardness, the meaning is clearly metaphorical. The banks are facing difficulties.
    *   Is the difficulty a "tendency or force that influences events"? Yes. The "wind" here is the aggregate of claims, regulations, and economic downturn.
    *   Does Sense 1 cover this? Sense 1 is specifically "air moving". If we choose Sense 1, we are saying the word usage is literal but interpreted metaphorically by the reader. However, WordNet often encodes the metaphorical meaning as a separate sense if it's a generalized concept (like "current" or "force"). Sense 2 explicitly defines it as a "force that influences events".
    *   Let's check synonyms/examples for Sense 2. Example: "the winds of change". Synonyms: None listed in the prompt, but usually related to trends.
    *   Let's check synonyms for Sense 1. "air current".
    *   If the sentence was "The banks are battling a strong headwind", "headwind" is a specific nautical/aviation term often used in business. Here it says "wind".
    *   If I say "There is a strong wind blowing in the political arena", am I using Sense 1 or 2? Usually Sense 2 in WordSense Disambiguation tasks because the physical air is absent.
    *   The context describes abstract forces (regulators, lawsuits, compensation claims). This fits "a force that influences events".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the linguistic match for the metaphorical usage.

5.  **Verification**:
    *   Target: wind.
    *   Context: Banks, crisis, lawsuits.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "a tendency or force that influences events".
    *   This matches the context of financial struggles perfectly. The "wind" is the adverse force.
    *   Sense 1 would imply literal wind (bad weather affecting bank branches?), which makes no sense in this paragraph.

6.  **Conclusion**:
    *   The correct sense is Sense 2.
    *   Index: 2.

    Let me double check the indexing.
    1. air moving...
    2. tendency or force...
    ...
    Yes, index 2.

    Is there any chance this is "empty rhetoric" (Sense 4)? No.
    Is there any chance this is "breath"? No.

    The choice is strictly between literal wind (Sense 1) used as a metaphor (which WSD systems often tag as the literal sense if the metaphorical sense isn't distinct enough, OR the metaphorical sense if it exists). WordNet *has* a specific sense (Sense 2) for "a tendency or force that influences events". This is the definition of the metaphor. Therefore, in a fine-grained WSD task using WordNet, one should select the sense that describes the referent. The referent is *not* air. The referent is an abstract force influencing events. Thus, Sense 2.

    Wait, let me look at the provided candidate list carefully.
    Sense 1: wind%1:19:00:: (Literal)
    Sense 2: wind%1:19:01:: (Metaphorical force)

    The sentence is "The banks battling against a strong <t>wind</t>...".
    If the banks were literally outside in a storm, it would be Sense 1.
    Since they are battling legal/economic forces, it is Sense 2.

    Final check:
    Context: "The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later."
    Meaning: They are facing difficult conditions/forces.
    Sense 2 Definition: "a tendency or force that influences events".
    Match: Perfect.

    Result: Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the <t>USA</t> several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: usa
    *   Target surface form: USA
    *   Context sentence: "The banks battling against a strong wind in the <t>USA</t> several years later."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses the 2007-2008 financial crisis, mortgage-backed securities, the US property bubble, and banks (JPMorgan, RBS, Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers). It mentions a specific location where banks are struggling ("battling against a strong wind") years later.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `usa%1:15:00::` - Definition: "North American republic containing 50 states..." Synonyms: United States, United States of America, America, the States, US. This refers to the country/geopolitical entity.
    *   **Sense 2:** `usa%1:14:00::` - Definition: "the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare" Synonyms: United States Army, US Army, Army. This refers to the military branch.

3.  **Disambiguate:**
    *   The context talks about banks, investors, regulators, and the financial crisis.
    *   The phrase "battling against a strong wind" is a metaphor for struggling in a difficult economic environment, not a literal military battle.
    *   The location mentioned ("in the USA") refers to the country where the property bubble exploded and where these banks were operating or facing legal/financial trouble.
    *   Sense 2 (the Army) makes no sense in this context. Banks are not battling the US Army; they are struggling within the country itself.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (the country) is the correct meaning.

4.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a single JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.
    *   Output: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several <t>years</t> later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "year"
    *   Target surface form: "years"
    *   Context: A financial text discussing lawsuits against banks regarding mortgage securities, the 2007 property bubble, the 2008 financial crisis, and Lehman Brothers' collapse. The specific phrase is "...several years later."
    *   Candidate senses: 4 options provided (definitions, synonyms, examples).
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Constraint: Choose the single best sense, do not hedge.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later."
    *   Meaning: The text describes a timeline. The bubble exploded in 2007. Lehman collapsed in 2008. The sentence mentions "several years later" in relation to these events, referring to a duration or a specific point in time relative to the timeline.
    *   Usage: "years" here refers to standard calendar years (units of time of 365/366 days) passing.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `year%1:28:01::`
        *   Definition: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.
        *   Synonyms: twelvemonth, yr.
        *   Examples: "she is 4 years old", "in the year 1920".
        *   Fit: This is the standard, general meaning of "year". The phrase "several years later" measures time duration. It fits the "period of time containing 365 days" definition perfectly. "Three years later" means three periods of 365 days later.

    *   **Sense 2:** `year%1:28:02::`
        *   Definition: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity.
        *   Examples: "a school year".
        *   Fit: This refers to specialized periods like "school year" or "fiscal year" (though fiscal year might be a nuance, WordNet specifically highlights "school year"). The context "several years later" does not imply "several school years later" or a specific activity-based period. It refers to general calendar time.

    *   **Sense 3:** `year%1:28:00::`
        *   Definition: the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun.
        *   Examples: "a Martian year takes 687 of our days".
        *   Fit: This is the astronomical definition. While Earth's year is technically this, in common usage (and financial reporting contexts), we refer to the calendar unit (Sense 1) rather than the astronomical orbital period, unless specifically discussing astronomy. The text is about finance.

    *   **Sense 4:** `year%1:14:00::`
        *   Definition: a body of students who graduate together.
        *   Synonyms: class.
        *   Fit: Clearly incorrect. No students mentioned.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the default, general sense used for time measurement in everyday and professional contexts. "Several years later" uses "years" as units of time duration.
    *   Although Sense 3 is technically the physical basis of Sense 1, WordNet distinguishes the general "calendar year / time period" sense (Sense 1) from the "astronomical/orbital period" sense (Sense 3). The examples for Sense 1 ("she is 4 years old") align perfectly with the usage in the text ("several years later").

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "several years later".
    *   Definition 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days".
    *   Example 1: "she is 4 years old".
    *   Logic: The text refers to the passage of time measured in standard years.
    *   Selection: Sense 1.

6.  **Construct Output:**
    *   `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: regulator
Target surface form: regulators
Context:
The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later. Investors and <t>regulators</t> have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has been behind the largest wave of claims.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=regulator%1:06:00:: | definition=any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.
2. sense_key=regulator%1:18:00:: | definition=an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest
3. sense_key=regulator%1:06:01:: | definition=a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel) | synonyms=governor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target is "regulators" (plural noun), referring to people or entities that regulate.

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text discusses the financial crisis of 2007-2008.
    *   It mentions mortgage-backed securities, Lehman Brothers, banks, investors, and claims for compensation.
    *   The specific sentence is: "Investors and <t>regulators</t> have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct."
    *   The FHFA (Federal Housing Finance Agency) is mentioned as being behind the largest wave of claims. The FHFA is a government agency acting as a conservator/regulator.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1 (regulator%1:06:00::)**: "any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc." This refers to mechanical devices (like a voltage regulator or a gas regulator).
    *   **Sense 2 (regulator%1:18:00::)**: "an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest". This refers to a person or agency that enforces rules (government official, authority).
    *   **Sense 3 (regulator%1:06:01::)**: "a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel)" (synonyms: governor). This refers to a mechanical part of an engine.

4.  **Disambiguate**:
    *   Does the context involve fluid flow, temperature, or machine speed? No.
    *   Does the context involve finance, law, compensation, and misconduct? Yes.
    *   Who brings claims for compensation and punishes misconduct? Government officials or agencies responsible for overseeing financial markets.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 fits perfectly. The FHFA mentioned immediately after acts in the capacity of a regulator (official/agency).

5.  **Map to output**:
    *   Sense 2 is the correct one.
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object with the index: `{"sense_index": 2}`.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: number
Target surface form: number
Context:
The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast <t>number</t> of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has been behind the largest wave of claims.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
2. sense_key=number%1:23:00:: | definition=a concept of quantity involving zero and units | examples=every number has a unique position in the sequence
3. sense_key=number%1:10:04:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
4. sense_key=number%1:10:03:: | definition=the number is used in calling a particular telephone | synonyms=phone number, telephone number | examples=he has an unlisted number
5. sense_key=number%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol used to represent a number | synonyms=numeral | examples=he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
6. sense_key=number%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=issue | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
7. sense_key=number%1:14:00:: | definition=a select company of people | examples=I hope to become one of their number before I die
8. sense_key=number%1:10:02:: | definition=a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification | synonyms=identification number | examples=she refused to give them her Social Security number
9. sense_key=number%1:07:01:: | definition=a clothing measurement | examples=a number 13 shoe
10. sense_key=number%1:10:05:: | definition=the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural) | examples=in English the subject and the verb must agree in number
11. sense_key=number%1:06:00:: | definition=an item of merchandise offered for sale | examples=she preferred the black nylon number; this sweater is an all-wool number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "Investors and regulators have brought a vast <t>number</t> of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct."
    *   Preceding context talks about "a number of financial companies".
    *   Focus phrase: "a vast number of claims".
    *   Meaning: A large quantity or amount of claims.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (number%1:07:00::):* Definition: "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals". Synonyms: "figure". Examples: "he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small".
        *   Analysis: This sense relates to quantity, count, or amount. The phrase "a vast number of claims" implies a large quantity of individual claims. The example "he had a number of chores to do" aligns perfectly with "a [vast] number of claims" (indefinite quantity of units). This looks like a strong candidate.

    *   *Sense 2 (number%1:23:00::):* Definition: "a concept of quantity involving zero and units". Examples: "every number has a unique position in the sequence".
        *   Analysis: This refers to the abstract mathematical concept of number (integers, reals, etc.). While claims are counted, we aren't talking about the abstract concept of number itself, but rather the count/amount of specific items.

    *   *Sense 3 (number%1:10:04::):* Definition: "a short theatrical performance..."
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 4 (number%1:10:03::):* Definition: "the number is used in calling a particular telephone".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 5 (number%1:10:01::):* Definition: "a symbol used to represent a number".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant. We are referring to the claims themselves, not the digits written down.

    *   *Sense 6 (number%1:10:00::):* Definition: "one of a series published periodically".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 7 (number%1:14:00::):* Definition: "a select company of people".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant (context is about claims, not people, though the previous sentence mentioned "a number of financial companies", the target sentence is about claims).

    *   *Sense 8 (number%1:10:02::):* Definition: "a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 9 (number%1:07:01::):* Definition: "a clothing measurement".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 10 (number%1:10:05::):* Definition: "the grammatical category..."
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 11 (number%1:06:00::):* Definition: "an item of merchandise offered for sale".
        *   Analysis: Irrelevant.

3.  **Refine the choice:**
    *   The phrase is "a vast number of claims".
    *   This is synonymous with "a large quantity of claims" or "many claims".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals".
    *   Sense 1 examples: "he had a number of chores to do". This construction ("a [adjective] number of [noun]") matches the target sentence construction exactly.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard WordNet sense for "number" when used to denote an amount or quantity of countable items (like claims, chores, people).

4.  **Final decision:** Sense 1 is the correct choice. It captures the quantifier usage of "number" in the phrase "a vast number of".

5.  **Format Output:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claims
Context:
The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of <t>claims</t> for compensation or to punish misconduct. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has been behind the largest wave of claims.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: `claim`
    *   Target surface form: `claims`
    *   Context sentence: "Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of <t>claims</t> for compensation or to punish misconduct."
    *   Broader context: Financial crisis, mortgage-backed securities, Lehman Brothers collapse, investors and regulators seeking redress.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1 (claim%1:10:00::)**: "an assertion of a right (as to money or property)".
        *   Example: "his claim asked for damages".
        *   Analysis: This fits well with "compensation". Investors and regulators are asserting a right to money (compensation) or seeking legal redress. The example "his claim asked for damages" is semantically very close to "claims for compensation".

    *   **Sense 2 (claim%1:10:02::)**: "an assertion that something is true or factual".
        *   Example: "his claim that he was innocent".
        *   Analysis: This refers to a statement of fact, not a legal demand for money or redress. The context involves "compensation" and "punish misconduct", which are legal actions/assertions of rights, not just stating facts.

    *   **Sense 3 (claim%1:04:00::)**: "demand for something as rightful or due".
        *   Example: "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day".
        *   Analysis: This is a "demand". While a legal claim is a type of demand, WordNet often distinguishes between the act of demanding (1:04:00) and the legal instrument/assertion (1:10:00). The context mentions "brought a vast number of claims". "Bringing a claim" is legal terminology referring to a formal action or document (Sense 1), rather than the abstract act of demanding.

    *   **Sense 4 (claim%1:07:02::)**: "an informal right to something".
        *   Synonyms: title.
        *   Example: "his claim on her attentions".
        *   Analysis: This is about social relations or informal rights. Not applicable to legal proceedings regarding financial compensation.

    *   **Sense 5 (claim%1:07:01::)**: "an established or recognized right".
        *   Synonyms: title.
        *   Example: "a strong legal claim to the property".
        *   Analysis: This refers to property rights/ownership. While related to property, the context is about "claims for compensation" filed by investors/regulators. This is an action/lawsuit rather than a status of title/ownership.

    *   **Sense 6 (claim%1:10:01::)**: "a demand especially in the phrase".
        *   Synonyms: call.
        *   Example: "the call of duty".
        *   Analysis: This is an idiomatic usage ("the call/claim of the wild", "call of duty"). Not relevant here.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3**:
    *   Sense 1 definition: "an assertion of a right (as to money or property)".
    *   Sense 3 definition: "demand for something as rightful or due".
    *   The phrase "brought a vast number of claims" suggests a legal procedural step. A "claim" in law (torts, contracts) is a demand for money or relief.
    *   WordNet 1.10.00 specifically mentions "as to money or property" and the example is "his claim asked for damages". The context mentions "claims for compensation". "Damages" and "compensation" are synonyms in this financial/legal context.
    *   Sense 3 (1:04:00) is categorized under "communication" (act of demanding), whereas Sense 1 (1:10:00) is categorized under "message" (the content of the assertion) or "attribute" (the right itself)? Let's check the hierarchy roughly. 1:10 usually maps to `communication` -> `message` -> `assertion`.
    *   Let's look at the nuance. Is it the act of demanding or the legal claim itself?
    *   "Investors... have brought a vast number of claims". You "bring" a lawsuit or a legal claim.
    *   Sense 1's example "his claim asked for damages" aligns perfectly with "claims for compensation".
    *   Sense 3's example "struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day" is more about a labor dispute demand.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the specific legal sense regarding compensation/money.

4.  **Final Decision**:
    *   The context is legal/financial.
    *   The target is "claims for compensation".
    *   Sense 1 defines "an assertion of a right (as to money or property)" with the example "his claim asked for damages".
    *   This matches the context of investors asking for compensation (damages/money) due to misconduct.

    Index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compensation
Target surface form: compensation
Context:
The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for <t>compensation</t> or to punish misconduct. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has been behind the largest wave of claims.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compensation%1:21:00:: | definition=something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)
2. sense_key=compensation%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
3. sense_key=compensation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of compensating for service or loss or injury | synonyms=recompense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The target word is "compensation" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The text discusses the 2007-2008 financial crisis, mortgage-backed securities, and the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
    *   The specific sentence is: "Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for <t>compensation</t> or to punish misconduct."
    *   The phrase "claims for compensation" suggests money sought to recover losses.
    *   The context involves legal claims and financial redress.
3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1 (compensation%1:21:00::)**: Definition = "something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)". This refers to the *object* or *money* itself.
    *   **Sense 2 (compensation%1:22:00::)**: Definition = "(psychiatry) a defense mechanism...". This is clearly irrelevant to the financial context.
    *   **Sense 3 (compensation%1:04:00::)**: Definition = "the act of compensating for service or loss or injury". This refers to the *act* or *process*.
4.  **Compare Sense 1 vs. Sense 3**:
    *   The sentence says "claims for compensation".
    *   If someone files a claim, they are asking for *something* (money/reparation). They are asking for the result/object, not the abstract act of compensating, although the distinction can be subtle in WordNet.
    *   WordNet distinction: Sense 1 is an artifact/possession (something given). Sense 3 is an act (the act of compensating).
    *   In financial/legal contexts ("claims for compensation"), "compensation" usually refers to the money itself (Sense 1). For example, "He received his compensation."
    *   Sense 3 (act) would fit better in a sentence like "Compensation for the injury was slow." Even then, Sense 1 is often preferred when referring to the payout.
    *   Let's check the examples or synonyms provided. Sense 3 has synonym "recompense".
    *   Let's look at the phrasing "claims for [X]". You claim for money (Sense 1). You claim for damages. Damages are the money.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "something (such as money) given or received as payment...". Investors and regulators brought claims for *money*.
    *   Sense 3 definition: "the act of compensating...". While the act leads to the money, usually "claims for compensation" targets the *thing* being claimed.
    *   Standard WSD practice for "claims for compensation": It refers to the payment/money sought. Thus, Sense 1 is the correct choice.
5.  **Final Verification**:
    *   Context: Financial crisis, legal claims.
    *   Target: Compensation = money/reparation for losses.
    *   Sense 1: Something (money) given/received as reparation. -> Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Psychiatry. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: The act. -> While related, the claim is for the "something" (the money), not the action. Sense 1 is the standard sense for financial compensation/payouts.

    Let's double-check the indices.
    Sense 1: compensation%1:21:00::
    Sense 2: compensation%1:22:00::
    Sense 3: compensation%1:04:00::

    The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: misconduct
Target surface form: misconduct
Context:
The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish <t>misconduct</t>. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has been behind the largest wave of claims.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=misconduct%1:04:01:: | definition=bad or dishonest management by persons supposed to act on another's behalf
2. sense_key=misconduct%1:04:00:: | definition=activity that transgresses moral or civil law | synonyms=wrongdoing, wrongful conduct, actus reus | examples=he denied any wrongdoing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "misconduct"
    *   Context: Financial crisis context (2007-2008). Investors and regulators are bringing claims for compensation or punishment against banks/financial institutions regarding mortgage-backed securities. The FHFA (Federal Housing Finance Agency) is involved.
    *   Sentence: "Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish <t>misconduct</t>."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `misconduct%1:04:01::`
        *   Definition: "bad or dishonest management by persons supposed to act on another's behalf"
        *   Focus: Management, fiduciary duty, agency. Often used for corporate misconduct, maladministration.

    *   **Sense 2:** `misconduct%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "activity that transgresses moral or civil law"
        *   Synonyms: wrongdoing, wrongful conduct, actus reus.
        *   Examples: "he denied any wrongdoing".
        *   Focus: General violation of rules/laws.

3.  **Evaluate Sense fit:**
    *   The context involves financial institutions (banks, Lehman Brothers) and the creation/selling of dubious mortgage-backed securities.
    *   Investors and regulators are suing/punishing these institutions.
    *   Is this "bad management by persons supposed to act on another's behalf" (Sense 1)?
        *   Yes, banks and financial institutions act on behalf of clients/investors. Selling "dubious" securities or mismanaging risk in a way that harms investors fits the definition of "bad or dishonest management".
    *   Is this "activity that transgresses moral or civil law" (Sense 2)?
        *   Yes, fraud or negligence transgresses civil law.
    *   Comparison:
        *   Sense 2 is a hypernym or broader category. "Wrongdoing" covers everything from jaywalking to murder.
        *   Sense 1 is specific to *management* and *acting on behalf of another*. This is the core of financial misconduct (fiduciary duty, corporate governance).
        *   In the financial context, "misconduct" usually refers to professional malfeasance or mismanagement rather than just a generic crime. The phrase "financial misconduct" or corporate misconduct specifically aligns with Sense 1.
        *   Let's check the mapping. In WordNet, Sense 1 (`misconduct%1:04:01::`) is often associated with "mismanagement". Wait, let me double-check the standard WordNet hierarchy.
        *   WordNet 3.1/3.0 structure:
            *   `misconduct%1:04:00::` is under "wrongdoing".
            *   `misconduct%1:04:01::` is under "mismanagement" (which is under "misconduct" in the generic sense? No, usually mismanagement is a type of misconduct in professional contexts).
            *   Actually, usually Sense 1 is "bad or dishonest management...".
            *   Usually Sense 2 is the general "wrongdoing".
        *   Context clues: "Investors and regulators... claims... to punish misconduct."
        *   The agents are banks/financial companies. The victims are investors/public. The relationship is fiduciary/agency. Therefore, the "management by persons supposed to act on another's behalf" aspect of Sense 1 is highly relevant.
        *   However, let's look closer at the gloss of Sense 1: "bad or dishonest management...". Is selling bad securities "management"? It is business practice. "Mismanagement" usually implies incompetence. "Misconduct" in this context implies fraud or negligence.
        *   Let's look at Sense 2: "activity that transgresses moral or civil law".
        *   Often, in financial contexts, Sense 1 is preferred because it captures the breach of professional duty. However, Sense 1 is strictly defined as "bad or dishonest management". Is securitization "management"? It's the core business operation.
        *   Let's consider the synonyms provided for Sense 2: "wrongdoing, wrongful conduct". "Misconduct" in a legal/financial claim context (regulators punishing misconduct) is often a specific legal term of art.
        *   Let's look at the indexing again.
            *   Sense 1: `misconduct%1:04:01::` -> management based.
            *   Sense 2: `misconduct%1:04:00::` -> law breaking based.

    *   Which fits better?
        *   The banks are being punished for selling bad products. This is a breach of professional conduct.
        *   Sense 1 ("bad or dishonest management...") is specifically used for trustees, agents, directors. Banks are agents. This fits the "persons supposed to act on another's behalf" part perfectly (banks managing investor money/loans).
        *   Sense 2 is very broad.
        *   In WSD datasets (like SemCor or OntoNotes), "misconduct" in corporate/political scandals often maps to the specific sense involving the position of trust (Sense 1).
        *   Example: "accused of professional misconduct" -> Sense 1.
        *   Example: "denied any wrongdoing" -> Sense 2.
        *   Here we have "punish misconduct" by banks. This is professional misconduct. Banks manage assets.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 seems the more precise choice because it captures the "management/agency" aspect which is central to the financial sector (fiduciary duty).

    *   Let's verify the sense indices provided in the prompt.
        *   Candidate 1: `misconduct%1:04:01::` (management sense)
        *   Candidate 2: `misconduct%1:04:00::` (general wrongdoing sense)

    *   Decision: The target is "misconduct" by financial companies/investors. The context is professional/fiduciary failure. Sense 1 ("bad or dishonest management by persons supposed to act on another's behalf") captures the specific nature of financial malfeasance better than the generic "transgresses law" (Sense 2), though both are true. WSD favors the most specific sense applicable. Sense 1 is specific to management/agency roles.

    *   Let's check if there is a trap. Sometimes Sense 1 is the generic one. Let me re-read the indices.
        *   `misconduct%1:04:01::`: "bad or dishonest management..." -> specific hyponym.
        *   `misconduct%1:04:00::`: "activity that transgresses..." -> hypernym.
        *   Since banks manage money/loans, Sense 1 fits.

    *   Result: Sense 1.

4.  **Final JSON Formulation:**
    *   {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wave
Target surface form: wave
Context:
They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis. The banks battling against a strong wind in the USA several years later. Investors and regulators have brought a vast number of claims for compensation or to punish misconduct. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has been behind the largest <t>wave</t> of claims. It accuses 18 major international banks of having taken in US lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on mortgage transactions valued at around 200 billion dollars.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wave%1:11:01:: | definition=one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water) | synonyms=moving ridge
2. sense_key=wave%1:04:02:: | definition=a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon | examples=a wave of settlers; troops advancing in waves
3. sense_key=wave%1:11:00:: | definition=(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth | synonyms=undulation
4. sense_key=wave%1:11:02:: | definition=something that rises rapidly | examples=a wave of emotion swept over him; there was a sudden wave of buying before the market closed
5. sense_key=wave%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of signaling by a movement of the hand | synonyms=waving, wafture
6. sense_key=wave%1:08:00:: | definition=a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair
7. sense_key=wave%1:25:00:: | definition=an undulating curve | synonyms=undulation
8. sense_key=wave%1:19:00:: | definition=a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition (especially of unusual temperatures) | examples=a heat wave
9. sense_key=wave%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of the women's reserve of the United States Navy; originally organized during World War II but now no longer a separate branch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: `wave`
    *   Target surface form: `wave`
    *   Context sentence: "The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has been behind the largest <t>wave</t> of claims."
    *   Surrounding context: Discusses financial crisis, claims for compensation, banks battling wind, punishment for misconduct. The phrase is "wave of claims".

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   1. `wave%1:11:01::` - Physical wave on liquid (water). -> Doesn't fit "wave of claims".
    *   2. `wave%1:04:02::` - "a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon". Examples: "a wave of settlers", "troops advancing in waves". -> Fits "wave of claims" (an increase in a phenomenon). The metaphorical extension of a physical wave.
    *   3. `wave%1:11:00::` - Physics definition (undulation). -> Doesn't fit the abstract concept of legal claims.
    *   4. `wave%1:11:02::` - "something that rises rapidly". Examples: "wave of emotion", "sudden wave of buying". -> This is very close to sense 2. It implies a sudden increase or occurrence. Let's distinguish sense 2 and sense 4.
    *   5. `wave%1:10:01::` - Hand signal. -> Irrelevant.
    *   6. `wave%1:08:00::` - Hairdo. -> Irrelevant.
    *   7. `wave%1:25:00::` - Geometric curve. -> Irrelevant.
    *   8. `wave%1:19:00::` - Weather condition (heat wave). -> Irrelevant.
    *   9. `wave%1:18:00::` - Navy member (WAVE). -> Irrelevant.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 2 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 2 (`wave%1:04:02::`): "a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon". Domain: `1:04` (act, action, activity, event, happening, occurrence?). Actually, `1:04` usually refers to "phenomenon" or "process" in WN hierarchies. Examples: "wave of settlers". This focuses on the *series* or the *occurrence* aspect of the phenomenon.
    *   Sense 4 (`wave%1:11:02::`): "something that rises rapidly". Examples: "wave of emotion", "wave of buying".
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy codes (Lexicographer files).
        *   `1:04` = noun.Tops (phenomenon).
        *   `1:11` = noun.event.
    *   The context: "largest wave of claims". This refers to a sudden increase or a series of events (claims) happening in a specified timeframe.
    *   "Wave of claims" is very similar to "wave of buying" (Sense 4 example) or "wave of settlers" (Sense 2 example).
    *   Let's check the definition nuances.
        *   Sense 2: "sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon". "Wave of settlers" implies a mass movement/increase.
        *   Sense 4: "something that rises rapidly". "Wave of emotion", "wave of buying".
    *   "Claims" are events/phenomena. "Wave of claims" usually implies a sudden large number of them appearing. It fits the "sudden occurrence or increase" definition of Sense 2 very well. It also fits "something that rises rapidly" (Sense 4) somewhat.
    *   However, Sense 2 (`1:04:02`) is often the standard definition for metaphorical waves of events/people (like "crime wave", "wave of immigrants"). The key is the definition phrasing: "occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon".
    *   Sense 4 (`1:11:02`) emphasizes the "rising" aspect.
    *   Let's look at the "wave of buying" example in Sense 4. That is remarkably similar to "wave of claims". Both are financial/economic contexts.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 examples: "wave of settlers" (people), "troops advancing in waves" (people/tactics).
    *   Is there a distinction in WN 3.0 or 3.1?
        *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "wave of [abstract noun]" often maps to the specific sense for "occurrence or increase".
        *   Let's check the Lexicographer file IDs.
        *   `1:04` is `noun.phenomenon`.
        *   `1:11` is `noun.event`.
        *   The definition of Sense 2: "a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon".
        *   The definition of Sense 4: "something that rises rapidly".
    *   "Claims" constitute a phenomenon (litigation). "Wave of claims" represents an increase in this phenomenon. Sense 2's definition is "sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon". This matches the semantic composition perfectly. Sense 4 is "something that rises rapidly". While the *number* of claims rises, Sense 2 explicitly mentions "increase in a specified phenomenon".
    *   Sense 4's examples ("wave of emotion", "wave of buying") suggest a surge. Sense 2's examples ("wave of settlers", "troops") suggest a mass movement.
    *   However, looking at WordNet 3.1:
        *   Sense 2 (`wave%1:04:02::`) definition: "a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon".
        *   Sense 4 (`wave%1:11:02::`) definition: "something that rises rapidly".
    *   Standard usage in WSD: "Crime wave", "wave of protest", "wave of strikes". These usually map to the "sudden occurrence or increase" sense (Sense 2).
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 4. "Wave of buying" is specific to market activity. "Wave of claims" is legal/financial activity.
    *   Let's compare the hypernyms.
        *   Sense 2 Hypernym: `happening` / `occurrence`?
        *   Sense 4 Hypernym: `happening`?
    *   Actually, let's look at the "wave of settlers" (Sense 2). Settlers moving in waves.
    *   "Wave of claims" fits the definition of Sense 2 "increase in a specified phenomenon" very well.
    *   Sense 4 focuses on the *rising* nature ("something that rises rapidly").
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *occurrence/increase* aspect of a phenomenon.
    *   Context: "largest wave of claims". This describes the phenomenon of claims arising. It is an increase/occurrence.
    *   Let's try to find precedent or logic.
        *   "Wave of terrorism" -> Sense 2 usually.
        *   "Heat wave" -> Sense 8 (specific meteorology).
    *   Let's consider Sense 4 again. "Wave of buying". A "wave of buying" is a rapid rise in buying.
    *   A "wave of claims" is a rapid rise in claims.
    *   However, Sense 2 says "occurrence or increase". A "wave of claims" is an occurrence/increase of the phenomenon "claims".
    *   Sense 2 seems broader ("sudden occurrence"). Sense 4 is restricted to "rising rapidly".
    *   Most WSD systems and gold standards map "wave of [abstract activity]" to Sense 2. For example, in SemCor, "waves of unreasoning fear" -> Sense 2 (or sometimes Sense 4 depending on version, but usually the phenomenon sense).
    *   Let's look at the sense indices provided.
        *   Index 2: `wave%1:04:02::` | definition=a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon.
        *   Index 4: `wave%1:11:02::` | definition=something that rises rapidly.
    *   The definition of Sense 2 is much more descriptive of the linguistic structure "wave of [NP]". It defines it as an "increase in a specified phenomenon". "Claims" is a phenomenon. The "wave" is the increase/occurrence thereof.
    *   Sense 4 is "something that rises rapidly". While true, Sense 2 is more precise about the "increase in a specified phenomenon" aspect.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the better choice. It captures the "phenomenon" aspect better than Sense 4 (which is under `noun.event` in WN 3.0/3.1 structure, while Sense 2 is under `noun.phenomenon`).
    *   In WordNet, `noun.phenomenon` (file 04) usually hosts natural phenomena or widespread occurrences. A "wave of claims" is a widespread occurrence/phenomenon.
    *   Let's double check Sense 4 examples again: "wave of emotion", "wave of buying". These are intense, rising feelings/events.
    *   Sense 2 examples: "wave of settlers", "troops". These are groups moving.
    *   "Claims" are not a group of people moving, nor are they exactly an emotion. They are events/phenomena occurring in time.
    *   However, WordNet 3.1 (and 3.0) definitions:
        *   Sense 2: "a movement like that of an ocean wave; a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon". (Note: the provided gloss in the prompt is "a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon").
        *   Sense 4: "something that rises rapidly".
    *   The "sudden occurrence or increase" phrasing in Sense 2 fits "wave of claims" perfectly. It describes the *nature* of the wave (an increase in a phenomenon).
    *   Sense 4 is "something that rises rapidly". It's a bit generic. A balloon rises rapidly.
    *   The key is the phrase "increase in a specified phenomenon".
    *   Thus, Sense 2 is the intended target.

    *   Let's verify Sense 4 again. In some WordNet versions, Sense 4 might be restricted to things like "emotion" or specific market surges. But Sense 2 covers "sudden occurrence... in a specified phenomenon".
    *   Let's check if there is a sense for "wave of attacks" or similar.
    *   In WN 3.0:
        *   Senses:
        *   1: physical wave.
        *   2: (noun.phenomenon) one of a series of ridges... wait. In WN 3.0, the "phenomenon" sense is often `wave%1:04:01::`? No, the prompt has `1:04:02`.
        *   Let's trust the provided definitions.
    *   Sense 2: "increase in a specified phenomenon". This is the exact definition of "wave of claims".
    *   Sense 4: "something that rises rapidly".
    *   "Increase in a specified phenomenon" is more specific and accurate for the collocation "wave of [abstract noun]".
    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.