[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equate
Target surface form: equated
Context:
These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being <t>equated</t> with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equate%2:31:00:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=compare, liken | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
2. sense_key=equate%2:42:00:: | definition=be equivalent or parallel, in mathematics | synonyms=correspond
3. sense_key=equate%2:30:00:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, match, equalize, equalise | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "equate" is being used.

The sentence is: "In practice, it ends up being equated with a 'self-expression' that encourages the youngsters' 'self-esteem.'"

Let me look at each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=equate%2:31:00:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=compare, liken | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed

This sense is about considering or describing things as similar or analogous. The examples show comparing different entities or concepts.

2. sense_key=equate%2:42:00:: | definition=be equivalent or parallel, in mathematics | synonyms=correspond

This sense is specifically about mathematical equivalence.

3. sense_key=equate%2:30:00:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, match, equalize, equalise | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors

This sense is about making things equal or matching them in some way.

Now, let's look at the context:

"In practice, it ends up being equated with a 'self-expression' that encourages the youngsters' 'self-esteem.'"

Here, "creativity" is being described as being treated as equivalent to "self-expression". The author is saying that in practice, creativity is considered to be the same thing as (or very similar to) self-expression. This is a conceptual comparison, treating one concept as if it were the same as another concept.

This aligns most closely with sense 1, which is about "considering or describing as similar, equal, or analogous". The author is noting that in practice, creativity is being treated as equivalent to self-expression, even though they may not truly be the same thing.

Sense 3 is about making things actually equal, which isn't what's happening here. The author is describing a conceptual equivalence that's being imposed, not an actual equalization.

Sense 2 is specifically about mathematical equivalence, which doesn't apply in this context.

So the best indexed sense is sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: encourage
Target surface form: encourages
Context:
These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that <t>encourages</t> the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=encourage%2:41:00:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=promote, advance, boost, further | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
2. sense_key=encourage%2:37:00:: | definition=inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to
3. sense_key=encourage%2:32:00:: | definition=spur on | examples=His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:**
    *   Lemma: encourage
    *   Surface form: encourages
    *   Context sentence: "...a 'self-expression' that encourages the youngsters' 'self-esteem.'"

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence discusses a type of "self-expression" (presumably unstructured or undemanding) that has an effect on "self-esteem".
    *   The effect is positive (in the sense of increasing or fostering it).
    *   The broader context discusses educational beliefs. The author argues that "creativity" ends up being equated with "self-expression", and this "self-expression" leads to high "self-esteem" (despite ignorance/incompetence).
    *   So, the action of "self-expression" is causing or fostering "self-esteem" in the youngsters. It is contributing to the growth or existence of that self-esteem.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `encourage%2:41:00::` | definition="contribute to the progress or growth of" | synonyms="promote, advance, boost, further" | examples="I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom".
        *   *Fit:* Does "self-expression" contribute to the progress or growth of "self-esteem"? Yes. It fosters it. It boosts it. The result mentioned later is "good opinion of themselves" (high self-esteem). This fits the idea of advancing or boosting a quality or state.

    *   **Sense 2:** `encourage%2:37:00::` | definition="inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to".
        *   *Fit:* This usually applies to animate beings (people) who are feeling discouraged. While "self-esteem" is a psychological state of a person, we usually say we encourage a *person*, not an abstract concept like "self-esteem" in this specific sense. We might say "encourage a student," but the object here is "the youngsters' self-esteem". Sense 1 (contribute to the growth of) fits abstract concepts like "creativity," "self-esteem," or "development" much better than Sense 2 (giving emotional support/courage to a person).

    *   **Sense 3:** `encourage%2:32:00::` | definition="spur on" | examples="His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife".
        *   *Fit:* This implies a causal agent acting as a motive or stimulus for an action. Usually followed by an infinitive clause (encourage someone *to do something*). Here, the object is "self-esteem". You don't "spur on" self-esteem in the sense of urging it to perform an action. You "foster" or "promote" it. Sense 1 fits better.

4.  **Comparison and Selection:**
    *   The context is about an educational practice ("self-expression") leading to an outcome ("self-esteem").
    *   The relationship is: Activity X leads to the growth/increase of Quality Y.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "contribute to the progress or growth of". Synonyms: "promote", "boost". This aligns perfectly with "boosting self-esteem".
    *   Sense 2 is about emotional support given to an agent (inspire with confidence).
    *   Sense 3 is about providing motivation for action (spur on).

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit. "Self-expression encourages (promotes/boosts) self-esteem."

5.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   Request: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Selected index: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: result
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The <t>result</t> is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   Preceding context: The author discusses a specific educational practice (equating creativity with self-expression/self-esteem).
    *   Target word: "result".
    *   Meaning in context: The "generation of young people..." is the outcome or consequence of the educational practice mentioned earlier. The practice caused the outcome.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `result%1:19:00::` | Definition: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" | Synonyms: consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot.
        *   *Fit:* This fits well. The "generation of young people..." is a phenomenon (situation/state of affairs) that follows and is caused by the previous educational phenomenon. "Consequence" or "outcome" fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 2:** `result%1:10:00::` | Definition: "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem" | Synonyms: solution, answer, resolution, solvent.
        *   *Fit:* This does not fit. The context is not about solving a math problem or a puzzle. The "generation of young people" is not a "solution" to a problem in the text's logic.

    *   **Sense 3:** `result%1:11:00::` | Definition: "something that results" | Synonyms: resultant, final result, outcome, termination.
        *   *Fit:* This is very similar to Sense 1. WordNet hierarchy can be tricky here. Let's look at the hierarchy (hypernyms) implied by the index structure usually found in Princeton WordNet (though I don't have the hierarchy view here, I know the distinction).
        *   Usually, Sense 1 (1:19:00) refers to the *effect* or *consequence* (often abstract or causal link emphasized).
        *   Sense 3 (1:11:00) often refers to the *final result* or *outcome* as an entity or the end of a process.
        *   Let's look at the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: "phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon". Focus is on the causal link and the "effect".
        *   Sense 3: "something that results". Focus is on the entity that exists at the end.
        *   The example for Sense 3 is "he listened for the results on the radio" (like election results or sports scores).
        *   The example for Sense 1 is "his decision had depressing consequences for business".
        *   The context sentence "The result is a generation of young people..." describes a *consequence* or *effect* of a policy. It maps strongly to "consequence" (Sense 1 synonym).
        *   Sense 3 is often used for specific outcomes like "the result of the game was 3-0".
        *   Sense 1 is often used for broader consequences/effects. The text describes a broad societal phenomenon caused by a policy. This aligns better with Sense 1's definition "phenomenon that follows and is caused...". The "generation of young people" is a phenomenon.

    *   **Sense 4:** `result%1:10:01::` | Definition: "the semantic role of the noun phrase..." | Synonyms: resultant role.
        *   *Fit:* This is a linguistic/grammatical definition (semantic role), not the lexical meaning of the noun in the sentence. The word is functioning as a noun referring to an outcome, not describing the grammatical role itself.

    *   **Distinguishing Sense 1 vs Sense 3:**
        *   Sense 1 (Effect/Consequence): "The magnetic effect...", "depressing consequences". These are causal outcomes.
        *   Sense 3 (Final Result/Outcome/Termination): "He listened for the results". This feels more like a score or a final status.
        *   Context: "The result is a generation of young people...". This is a consequence of an action/policy. It is synonymous with "consequence" or "effect" or "outcome" (listed in Sense 1).
        *   Sense 1 is the primary definition for "result" as a consequence/effect. Sense 3 is a hyponym or a specific type (final result/termination). The outcome here is a complex phenomenon (a generation with specific traits) caused by previous actions. It fits the broad definition of Sense 1 ("phenomenon that follows...") better than Sense 3 which implies a termination of a specific process (like a calculation or a game). The phenomenon described is ongoing (a generation existing), not a termination point.

    *   Let's check the synsets in WordNet 3.1/3.0 structures.
        *   `result%1:19:00::` corresponds to `Synset('consequence.n.02')` or similar usually? Let's check standard mappings.
        *   Actually, let's look at the indices.
        *   Index 1:19:00 usually maps to the `consequence`/`effect`/`outcome` synset.
        *   Index 1:11:00 usually maps to `final_result`/`outcome`/`termination`.
        *   "The result is a generation..." - Is this a "final result" or a "consequence"?
        *   The text implies a cause-and-effect relationship. "encourage creativity... equated with self-esteem... The result [of this process] is a generation..."
        *   This feels most like a "consequence". Sense 1 synonyms include "consequence", "effect". Sense 3 synonyms include "termination".
        *   "Termination" doesn't fit. The "generation" didn't "terminate" the process of education; they *are* the consequence of it.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

3.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 captures the "cause -> effect" relationship (educational policy -> generation of young people).
    *   Synonyms like "consequence" and "effect" match the tone of the passage (a critical analysis of a cause leading to a negative outcome).
    *   Sense 3 is more appropriate for the end of a competition or a procedure leading to a data point (e.g., test results).

    Result: Sense 1.

4.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON format required.
    *   `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generation
Target surface form: generation
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a <t>generation</t> of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations | examples=they had to wait a generation for that prejudice to fade
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation | examples=the third generation of computers
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=genesis
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity | examples=dams were built for the generation of electricity
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production | synonyms=multiplication, propagation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form**: "generation" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   Key phrase: "a generation of young people".
    *   The text discusses American parents and their children (youngsters).
    *   It refers to a specific cohort of youth characterized by ignorance and high self-esteem due to a specific educational philosophy.
    *   It implies a group of people born around the same time and undergoing the same educational system.
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: `generation%1:14:01::` | Definition: "all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age" | Synonyms: "coevals, contemporaries".
        *   *Fit*: This fits "a generation of young people". It refers to a cohort or age group. The context specifically mentions "young people" as a collective group resulting from a specific educational trend.
    *   Sense 2: `generation%1:14:00::` | Definition: "group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent".
        *   *Fit*: This is the biological sense (parent/child). While these are children of parents, the text focuses on the social cohort, not the biological lineage step. It's not about "the next generation" in a genetic sense, but a specific group of youth.
    *   Sense 3: `generation%1:28:00::` | Definition: "the normal time between successive generations".
        *   *Fit*: This is a measure of time (e.g., "it takes a generation"). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: `generation%1:28:01::` | Definition: "a stage of technological development or innovation".
        *   *Fit*: Used for computers/tech. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: `generation%1:11:00::` | Definition: "a coming into being".
        *   *Fit*: Abstract creation. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: `generation%1:04:01::` | Definition: "the production of heat or electricity".
        *   *Fit*: Energy production. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: `generation%1:04:00::` | Definition: "the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production".
        *   *Fit*: Biological process. Not applicable.
4.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for a group of people born at the same time or of the same age.
    *   The phrase "a generation of young people" clearly refers to a cohort defined by age and shared experience (educational system).
    *   The synonym "contemporaries" aligns well with this meaning.
    *   Sense 2 is the closest alternative, representing the "step in lineage" meaning, but usually, that is used in contexts like "passing the torch to the next generation" (lineage) vs "the younger generation" (cohort). Here, the emphasis is on the *group* of young people and their characteristics (ignorance, self-esteem), which aligns perfectly with Sense 1 (group of people of approximately the same age).
    *   Let's check the WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 is under `group`, `grouping`.
        *   Sense 2 is under `biological group`.
    *   In "a generation of young people", "young people" modifies "generation". The head is "generation". "Generation" here acts as a collective noun for the group. Sense 1 defines it as "all the people... of approximately the same age".
    *   The text refers to a specific cohort produced by a specific time/educational method. This is the sociological/demographic sense of generation.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the output**: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of <t>young</t> people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** young
    *   **Target surface form:** young
    *   **Context:** "...The result is a generation of <t>young</t> people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   **Phrase:** "young people"
    *   **Meaning in Context:** The text refers to a "generation of young people." This refers to human beings (people) who are in the early period of their lives (youth/adolescence/young adulthood), contrasting them with parents or older generations. It describes their state of being (ignorance, incompetence, self-esteem).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `young%3:00:00::`
        *   *Definition:* (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth
        *   *Synonyms:* immature
        *   *Examples:* young people
        *   *Analysis:* The example "young people" matches the text exactly ("generation of young people"). The definition "in an early period of life" fits the context of a generation of people who are the children of the "American parents" mentioned earlier. This is an adjective describing the age/developmental stage of living persons.

    *   **Sense 2:** `young%5:00:00:early:02`
        *   *Definition:* (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity
        *   *Synonyms:* new
        *   *Examples:* new potatoes; young corn
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is specific to crops/harvest. The context is about people, not crops.

    *   **Sense 3:** `young%5:00:01:young:00`
        *   *Definition:* suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh
        *   *Synonyms:* youthful, vernal
        *   *Examples:* he is young for his age
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the quality or appearance of being young (vigorous/fresh), often applied to someone who might be older or used metaphorically. The text is literal about the age group ("generation of young people"), not the *quality* of vigor or freshness.

    *   **Sense 4:** `young%5:00:00:new:00`
        *   *Definition:* being in its early stage
        *   *Examples:* a young industry; the day is still young
        *   *Analysis:* This usually applies to inanimate objects, abstract concepts (industry, day), or processes. While "generation" could be metaphorically "new," the specific collocation "young people" refers to biological age, not the stage of an industry.

    *   **Sense 5:** `young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00`
        *   *Definition:* not tried or tested by experience
        *   *Synonyms:* unseasoned, untested, untried
        *   *Examples:* unseasoned artillery volunteers
        *   *Analysis:* While the context mentions the "ignorance and intellectual incompetence" of these people, the primary meaning of "young" in "young people" is chronological age/developmental stage. The inexperience is a consequence or attribute, but the core sense of "young" here is biological age (Sense 1) rather than the specific metaphorical meaning of "inexperienced" (though they overlap). WordNet distinguishes the literal biological age (Sense 1) from the "inexperienced" sense (Sense 5). Since the text explicitly says "young people" (a standard collocation for the age group), Sense 1 is the correct classification. The example for Sense 1 is literally "young people".

3.  **Comparison:**
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly. The context refers to human beings in an early period of life. The example provided in WordNet for Sense 1 is literally "young people".
    *   Senses 2, 4 are domain-specific (crops, inanimate objects).
    *   Sense 3 is about appearance/vigor.
    *   Sense 5 is about experience level specifically.

4.  **Decision:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Formatting:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young <t>people</t> whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target lemma "people" in a specific context.

**Context Analysis:**
- Sentence: "The result is a generation of young **people** whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
- Surrounding context discusses American parents, elementary schools, children, and a generation of young people resulting from specific educational practices.
- The phrase "a generation of young people" refers to the individuals constituting that demographic group (the youth).

**Candidate Senses Analysis:**
1.  **sense_key=people%1:14:00::**: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". Examples: "old people", "200 people in the audience".
    *   Does it fit? Yes. "Young people" fits the "any group of human beings" definition perfectly. It refers to the collective group of young humans.

2.  **sense_key=people%1:14:01::**: "the body of citizens of a state or country". Synonyms: citizenry. Examples: "the Spanish people".
    *   Does it fit? No. The text isn't referring to the citizenry of a specific nation-state in a political sense (like "the American people"), though they are American. It's referring to a demographic group (a generation).

3.  **sense_key=people%1:14:02::**: "members of a family line". Examples: "his people have been farmers".
    *   Does it fit? No. This refers to ancestors or relatives.

4.  **sense_key=people%1:14:03::**: "the common people generally". Synonyms: masses, hoi polloi. Examples: "power to the people".
    *   Does it fit? No. While it refers to a group, it's not the socio-political concept of "the masses" or "the proletariat" vs "the elite". It refers to young individuals in a generation.

**Comparison:**
Sense 1 is the general hyponym for "people" referring to humans collectively. Sense 2 is political/geographical. Sense 3 is genealogical. Sense 4 is sociological/class-based.
In the phrase "a generation of young people", the word "people" is used in its most general sense to denote human beings (specifically young ones) as a group. This aligns best with sense 1.

**Decision:**
Sense 1 is the correct choice.

**Output Format:**
JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: incompetence
Target surface form: incompetence
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual <t>incompetence</t> is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=incompetence%1:07:00:: | definition=lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications | synonyms=incompetency
2. sense_key=incompetence%1:26:00:: | definition=inability of a part or organ to function properly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: incompetence
    *   Context: The text discusses education, specifically the lack of knowledge ("ignorance") and "intellectual incompetence" among young people due to a focus on "creativity" and "self-esteem" over "disciplined instruction."
    *   Key phrases: "ignorance and intellectual incompetence". The word "intellectual" immediately precedes the target word.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `incompetence%1:07:00::` | definition: lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications | synonyms: incompetency.
        *   This sense explicitly mentions "intellectual ability". It refers to a general lack of ability or qualifications.
    *   Sense 2: `incompetence%1:26:00::` | definition: inability of a part or organ to function properly.
        *   This sense is biological/medical (e.g., heart valve incompetence, renal incompetence). It refers to organs or body parts.

3.  **Map context to senses:**
    *   The context is about young people's intellectual state resulting from poor education.
    *   The phrase "intellectual incompetence" clearly points to a lack of mental capability or qualification (Sense 1), not a medical organ failure (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 1 definition includes "intellectual ability", which matches the collocation "intellectual incompetence" perfectly.

4.  **Select the best index:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: match
Target surface form: matched
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is <t>matched</t> only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=match%2:42:00:: | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
2. sense_key=match%2:40:00:: | definition=provide funds complementary to | examples=The company matched the employees' contributions
3. sense_key=match%2:35:08:: | definition=bring two objects, ideas, or people together | synonyms=mate, couple, pair, twin | examples=This fact is coupled to the other one; Matchmaker, can you match my daughter with a nice young man?
4. sense_key=match%2:42:01:: | definition=be equal to in quality or ability | synonyms=equal, touch, rival | examples=Nothing can rival cotton for durability; Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues
5. sense_key=match%2:30:01:: | definition=make correspond or harmonize | synonyms=fit | examples=Match my sweater
6. sense_key=match%2:41:00:: | definition=satisfy or fulfill | synonyms=meet, cope with | examples=meet a need; this job doesn't match my dreams
7. sense_key=match%2:35:10:: | definition=give or join in marriage
8. sense_key=match%2:33:00:: | definition=set into opposition or rivalry | synonyms=pit, oppose, play off | examples=let them match their best athletes against ours; pit a chess player against the Russian champion
9. sense_key=match%2:30:00:: | definition=be equal or harmonize | examples=The two pieces match
10. sense_key=match%2:30:07:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, equalize, equalise, equate | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target sentence:** "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is <t>matched</t> only by their good opinion of themselves."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence compares two attributes of a generation: "ignorance and intellectual incompetence" and "good opinion of themselves".
    *   The structure "X is matched only by Y" implies that the extent of X is equaled by the extent of Y. Y is the only thing that equals the level of X.
    *   It's a comparison of degree/intensity. Their ignorance is high; their self-opinion is high. The level of one equals the level of the other.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `match%2:42:00::` | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics.
        *   *Critique:* This is about consistency or similarity (e.g., "The two stories don't agree"). While "match" often means agree, here it's about the magnitude or extent being equal. "Ignorance matches good opinion" doesn't mean they are consistent in the sense of logic; it means the *amount* of ignorance is equal to the *amount* of good opinion.

    *   **Sense 2:** `match%2:40:00::` | definition=provide funds complementary to.
        *   *Critique:* Clearly financial context. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 3:** `match%2:35:08::` | definition=bring two objects, ideas, or people together.
        *   *Critique:* This is about pairing or coupling. While the sentence brings two concepts together, the verb "matched" in this passive construction ("is matched only by") is measuring them against each other, not pairing them up for a joint task.

    *   **Sense 4:** `match%2:42:01::` | definition=be equal to in quality or ability.
        *   *Critique:* The definition fits well: "be equal to". The examples ("Nothing can rival cotton for durability", "Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues") show a comparison of degree/quality.
        *   The sentence says: "ignorance ... is matched only by their good opinion".
        *   Replacing: "ignorance ... is equaled only by their good opinion".
        *   This captures the meaning perfectly. It implies the magnitude of ignorance is equaled by the magnitude of self-esteem.

    *   **Sense 5:** `match%2:30:01::` | definition=make correspond or harmonize.
        *   *Critique:* Active transitive verb usually. "Match my sweater". The target is passive ("is matched"), but the meaning here is about equality of degree, not harmonizing styles.

    *   **Sense 6:** `match%2:41:00::` | definition=satisfy or fulfill.
        *   *Critique:* Usually for needs or dreams ("meet a need"). Doesn't fit "ignorance matched by good opinion".

    *   **Sense 7:** `match%2:35:10::` | definition=give or join in marriage.
        *   *Critique:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 8:** `match%2:33:00::` | definition=set into opposition or rivalry.
        *   *Critique:* This usually involves active confrontation ("pit against"). While there is a comparison, sense 4 captures the aspect of *equality* of the attributes better than the act of setting up a rivalry. However, "matched only by" is a standard idiom for "equaled only by".

    *   **Sense 9:** `match%2:30:00::` | definition=be equal or harmonize.
        *   *Critique:* This is very similar to sense 4. Let's look closely. Sense 4 says "be equal to in quality or ability". Sense 9 says "be equal or harmonize". Examples for 9: "The two pieces match" (usually color/pattern).
        *   The context here is abstract qualities (ignorance vs self-esteem). Sense 4's examples involve durability and performance quality. Sense 4 seems more appropriate for comparing the intensity of attributes.

    *   **Sense 10:** `match%2:30:07::` | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching.
        *   *Critique:* This is an active causative sense ("equalize the duties"). The text uses "is matched" (passive of "match" as "equal"). Sense 4 ("be equal to") fits the stative nature of the comparison in the text better.

4.  **Refine decision between Sense 1, 4, and 9:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on consistency/agreement (fitting together). Example: "handwriting checks with signature".
    *   Sense 4 focuses on equality in quality/ability (rivaling). Example: "rival cotton for durability".
    *   Sense 9 focuses on being equal or harmonizing. Example: "The two pieces match".

    The phrase "X is matched only by Y" is a rhetorical device meaning X and Y are equal in magnitude (usually both high). The ignorance is great. The good opinion is great. They are equal.
    Sense 4 definition: "be equal to in quality or ability". This maps precisely to the comparison of the *quality* (or state) of ignorance against the *quality* of self-opinion.
    Sense 1 ("coincide in their characteristics") is slightly off; it's not about characteristics coinciding, it's about the *level* being the same.
    Sense 9 is a bit vague ("be equal or harmonize"). Sense 4 is more specific to the comparison of attributes/qualities (ignorance, ability, durability).

    Let's check the examples again.
    Sense 4: "Nothing can rival cotton for durability". This is a comparison of degree/intensity.
    The text: "ignorance ... is matched only by their good opinion". This is a comparison of degree/intensity.

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Target: "whose ignorance ... is matched only by their good opinion".
    *   Meaning: Their ignorance is equaled only by their self-esteem.
    *   Sense 4 definition: "be equal to in quality or ability".
    *   Synonyms: equal, touch, rival.
    *   Does "rivaled" fit? "ignorance ... is rivaled only by..." Yes.
    *   Does "equaled" fit? "ignorance ... is equaled only by..." Yes.

    Sense 4 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched <t>only</t> by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *only*
    *   Context sentence: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched <t>only</t> by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   Structure: "matched only by [noun phrase]".

2.  **Analyze the meaning in context:**
    *   The sentence says that their "ignorance and intellectual incompetence" is matched by their "good opinion of themselves."
    *   The word "only" indicates that nothing else matches their ignorance to that degree. It restricts the scope of what matches the ignorance to *solely* or *exclusively* their self-opinion.
    *   It implies a limit or exclusivity. The level of ignorance is high. The only thing equal to it is their self-esteem.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1: `only%4:02:02::`** | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense usually minimizes the action or state (e.g., "He's only a child"). In the context "matched only by", substituting "merely" ("matched merely by") changes the meaning slightly, suggesting a minimization of the second factor, but the primary function here is exclusion of others. "Matched just by"? Maybe, but "exclusively" fits better. Let's look at other senses.

    *   **Sense 2: `only%4:02:01::`** | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense emphasizes exclusion/singularity. "Matched *solely* by", "matched *exclusively* by", or "matched *alone* by" (though the syntax changes slightly). The definition "without any others being included or involved" fits perfectly. The ignorance is matched by X and *nothing else*. No other factor matches the ignorance.

    *   **Sense 3: `only%4:02:00::`** | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead...
        *   *Analysis:* This is the "unintended/futile result" sense. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 4: `only%4:02:04::`** | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the "nothing more than / ultimately" sense. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5: `only%4:02:05::`** | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the conjunction sense ("but"). Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6: `only%4:02:03::`** | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the conditional sense. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 7: `only%4:02:06::`** | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the temporal sense. Not applicable.

4.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 ("merely", "just") often implies a low degree or a simple fact.
    *   Sense 2 ("solely", "exclusively") implies a singular focus or exclusion of other possibilities.
    *   Context: "ignorance ... is matched *only* by their good opinion".
    *   Does it mean "matched *merely* by" (suggesting the good opinion isn't much)? Or does it mean "matched *solely/exclusively* by" (suggesting nothing else matches it)?
    *   The construction "matched only by" is a standard construction for superlatives or comparisons where one thing is the *sole* equal. E.g., "Her beauty was matched only by her grace." This means her beauty and her grace were equal, and nothing else was equal to her beauty.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved." Synonyms: "solely", "exclusively".
    *   Sense 1 ("and nothing more") is close, but often used for mitigation (e.g., "It was only a scratch"). Here, the exclusivity is the key semantic component.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 1 examples: "I was merely asking", "it is simply a matter of time". These show minimization or explanation.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2 examples: "was entirely to blame", "a school devoted entirely to the needs...". These show exclusivity.
    *   In "matched only by...", if we substitute "solely", it works perfectly: "matched solely by". If we substitute "merely", it sounds like we are downplaying the second factor, which is not the rhetorical point of the sentence (which is making a balanced equation: High Ignorance = High Self-Esteem, and nothing else equals High Ignorance). The author is saying the *sole* match is the self-opinion.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: good
Target surface form: good
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their <t>good</t> opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
3. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable
4. sense_key=good%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
5. sense_key=good%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
6. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
7. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
11. sense_key=good%5:00:01:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
12. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
13. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | examples=good looks
16. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=serious | examples=good music; a serious book
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=honest | examples=a good dollar bill
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "good" in a specific context.

**Context Analysis:**
The sentence is: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their **good** opinion of themselves."

Let's break down the phrase "good opinion".
The phrase "good opinion of themselves" refers to self-esteem. The previous sentence mentions "self-esteem".
The context discusses "self-expression" encouraging "self-esteem".
The contrast is between "ignorance and intellectual incompetence" (negative traits) and "good opinion of themselves" (a positive self-view, high self-esteem).

What does "good" modify here?
It modifies "opinion".
Is it a "morally admirable" opinion? No.
Is it a "competent" opinion? No.
Is it "beneficial"? Not necessarily, the author seems to imply it's unearned or excessive.
Is it "large" or "high"? Yes. "Good opinion" here implies a *high* opinion, a *favorable* opinion, or a *strong* opinion. It's about the magnitude or favorability of the opinion they hold about themselves.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1.  `good%3:00:01::` | definition=having desirable or positive qualities... | examples=good news... | This is the generic "good" (as opposed to bad). "Good opinion" means a favorable opinion. This is possible.
2.  `good%5:00:00:ample:00` | definition=having the normally expected amount / ample | examples=gives good measure | This refers to size/quantity. "Good measure" means extra or full measure. "Good opinion" could mean a large/high opinion.
3.  `good%3:00:02::` | definition=morally admirable | No, not about morality here.
4.  `good%5:00:00:reputable:00` | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable... | examples=ruined the family's good name | "Good name" or "good opinion" in the sense of reputation. However, here the subject is the *opinion* they hold *of themselves*, not their reputation held by others. Wait, let's re-read. "their good opinion of themselves". This is their internal view. They hold a high/favorable view of themselves.
5.  `good%5:00:00:advantageous:00` | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | No.
6.  `good%5:00:00:nice:00` | definition=agreeable or pleasing | No.
7.  `good%5:00:00:righteous:00` | definition=of moral excellence | No.
8.  `good%5:00:00:skilled:00` | definition=having or showing knowledge... | No.
9.  `good%5:00:00:complete:00` | definition=thorough | No.
10. `good%5:00:00:close:02` | definition=with or in a close relationship | No.
11. `good%5:00:01:sound:00` | definition=financially sound | No.
12. `good%5:00:00:opportune:00` | definition=most suitable | No.
13. `good%5:00:00:fortunate:00` | definition=resulting favorably | No.
14. `good%5:00:00:operative:00` | definition=exerting force | No.
15. `good%5:00:00:pleasing:00` | definition=capable of pleasing | No.
16. `good%5:00:00:intellectual:00` | definition=appealing to the mind | No.
17. `good%5:00:00:healthy:00` | definition=in excellent physical condition | No.
18. `good%5:00:00:healthful:00` | definition=tending to promote physical well-being | No.
19. `good%5:00:00:genuine:00` | definition=not forged | No.
20. `good%5:00:00:fresh:01` | definition=not left to spoil | No.
21. `good%5:00:00:discriminating:00` | definition=generally admired | No.

Let's look closer at Sense 1 (`good%3:00:01::`) and Sense 4 (`good%5:00:00:reputable:00`) and potentially Sense 2 (`good%5:00:00:ample:00`).

The phrase is "good opinion".
Standard idioms: "to have a good opinion of someone" means to think well of them, to hold them in high regard. It corresponds to "high opinion".
In this case, "their good opinion of themselves" means they think highly of themselves.

Does "good" mean "ample" (Sense 2)?
Definition: "having the normally expected amount". Synonyms: "full". Examples: "gives good measure".
"Good opinion" doesn't really fit "full measure" logic, though "good" can mean "considerable" (e.g., "a good deal of time"). But "good opinion" is usually "favorable opinion".

Does "good" mean "deserving of esteem" (Sense 4)?
Definition: "deserving of esteem and respect". Synonyms: estimable, honorable, respectable.
This sense usually applies to the *object* being described (e.g., "a good man", "a good name"). The opinion itself isn't "estimable". The opinion is the mental state.
However, sometimes "good" modifies a noun that represents an attitude.
Actually, let's look at Sense 1 again.
Sense 1 definition: "having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified".
Examples: "good news", "good report card".
If I have a "good opinion" of someone, the opinion is positive/favorable. It fits the general definition of "positive qualities".
The context says: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance... is matched only by their **good** opinion of themselves."
The author is criticizing the fact that these young people think highly of themselves despite being ignorant. The "good opinion" is the high self-esteem (which the author views negatively in this context, but the word "good" describes the *nature* of the opinion as favorable/positive towards the subject).
"Good opinion" is a fixed expression meaning "favorable opinion".

Let's check if there is a specific sense for "favorable".
WordNet often puts "favorable" under Sense 1 (desirable/positive qualities).
There is a sense in some dictionaries for "good" meaning "favorable" (e.g., "a good review").
Let's look at Sense 1 examples: "good news from the hospital" (news that is positive). "a good report card" (report card containing positive grades/reviews).
A "good opinion" is analogous to "good news" or a "good review". It is a positive assessment.

Is there any other sense?
Sense 4 (`good%5:00:00:reputable:00`) mentions "deserving of esteem". "Good name" is a reputation.
"Good opinion" is not a "good name". "Good name" is public standing. "Good opinion of X" is an internal judgment.
So Sense 4 is likely incorrect because the target is the *quality of the opinion held*, not the reputation of the person. The opinion is "good" (favorable/high), not "reputable".

Sense 2 ("ample/full"): "good measure". "Good opinion" doesn't mean "full opinion". It means "high/favorable opinion".

Sense 12 (`good%5:00:00:opportune:00`): "most suitable". No.

Sense 13 (`good%5:00:00:fortunate:00`): "resulting favorably". No.

Let's reconsider Sense 1.
Sense 1: "having desirable or positive qualities..."
Is a "good opinion" a thing with desirable qualities?
If I say "I have a good opinion of you", I mean my opinion is positive.
In the text: "their good opinion of themselves". The opinion is positive/favorable.
The definition "having desirable or positive qualities" fits. The "opinion" has the quality of being favorable.
The WordNet entry for the noun "opinion" might help, but I must stick to the adjective senses provided.
Sense 1 is the generic, catch-all sense for positive/evaluative "good".
"Good news" = positive news.
"Good report card" = positive report.
"Good opinion" = positive opinion.

Is there a sense for "considerable" or "great"? (e.g. "a good many people").
Sense 2 definition is "having the normally expected amount" or "ample". Synonyms: "full".
Usually, "good" meaning "considerable" (e.g., "a good while", "a good distance") falls under the "considerable" sense, which often maps to WordNet sense "considerable" (often Sense 2 or similar in other versions, but let's check the list).
Sense 2 here is "having the normally expected amount" (full/ample).
If the author meant "strong opinion", it might fit.
But "good opinion" is a standard colocation meaning "favorable opinion" (antonym of "bad opinion" or "low opinion").
One holds a "good opinion" of a friend (one thinks well of them).
One holds a "good opinion" of oneself (one thinks well of oneself).
This corresponds to "high self-esteem".

Does "good" mean "high" here?
If it means "high", is that Sense 1 or Sense 2?
Sense 2 ("ample/full") usually applies to physical quantity or measures (measure, weight).
"Good opinion" is a mental construct. The quality "good" applies to the content of the opinion (it is a favorable judgment).
Therefore, it aligns best with Sense 1: "having desirable or positive qualities".
Specifically, the opinion is favorable.

Let's check Sense 4 again. Synonyms: estimable, honorable, respectable.
These synonyms describe a *person* or an *entity* that has a good reputation.
"An estimable man".
"An estimable opinion"? No, that sounds like the opinion itself is worthy of esteem.
"Good opinion" here means the content is positive.
So Sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check Sense 2 ("ample").
OED definitions for "good":
- "Of opinion, etc.: Favourable."
This is distinct from "Considerable in amount, size, etc." (e.g. "a good deal").
Since "good opinion" specifically means "favorable opinion" (high regard), it relies on the "positive/favorable" meaning of good, not the "large amount" meaning (though a high opinion is arguably large in magnitude, the primary meaning is the polarity of the judgment).
Sense 1 covers "positive qualities".
A favorable opinion is a positive assessment.
Sense 1 examples "good news", "good report card" are very similar semantically to "good opinion" (a positive communication/report vs a positive mental judgment).

Sense 1 seems the most appropriate.
Sense 1 definition: "having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified".
"Good news" -> news containing positive info.
"Good report card" -> report card containing positive evaluations.
"Good opinion" -> opinion containing positive evaluations.
This fits perfectly.

Let's verify if any other sense captures "favorable" better.
Sense 5 ("beneficial")? No, "beneficial opinion" is not the meaning.
Sense 6 ("agreeable")? No.

The choice is between Sense 1 (positive qualities) and Sense 2 (ample).
The text contrasts "ignorance" (lack of knowledge) with "good opinion" (high self-esteem).
"Good opinion" is a standard idiom for "high regard" or "favorable view".
"High regard" -> The opinion is favorable.
Therefore, Sense 1 is correct.

Sense index:
Sense 1 corresponds to the index '1'.

One potential pitfall: Sometimes "good" + [abstract noun] has specific senses.
"Good time" (Sense 6, agreeable).
"Good friend" (Sense 10, close).
"Good investment" (Sense 11, sound).
"Good opinion" -> This is not a specialized idiom like "good friend" (close) or "good measure" (ample). It is the compositional meaning: an opinion that is favorable. "Good" retains its core meaning of "positive/desirable quality".
Thus, the general Sense 1 is the correct choice.

Let's check the mapping one last time.
WordNet 3.0/3.1 sense 1 for adjective 'good' is usually "having desirable or positive qualities...".
This is the "general positive" sense, often called the "polar opposite of bad" sense, but more specific than just 'not bad' in glosses.
Since "good opinion" means "favorable opinion", and "favorable" is a positive quality, Sense 1 applies.

Candidate senses list provided in prompt:
1. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities...
...
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount...

"Good opinion" = Favorable opinion.
It is not "ample opinion" (plenty of opinion).
It is "opinion characterized by favorable/positive content".
Sense 1 is the correct match.

Final check:
Context: "...ignorance... matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
Meaning: They have a high opinion of themselves (high self-esteem).
Does "good" mean "high"?
"High opinion" is a synonym for "good opinion" (in this context).
Does WordNet have a "high" sense?
Sense 2 is "ample/full".
Sense 1 is "positive qualities".
In English, "good opinion" (idiom) maps to "favorable opinion".
"Favorable" maps to Sense 1 (desirable/positive qualities).
A favorable opinion is a quality of the opinion that is positive.
Therefore, Sense 1.

One might argue "good" modifies "opinion" and means "strong" (magnitude). "They have a strong opinion."
But the phrase "good opinion of" specifically means "to think well of". It's about the polarity (good vs bad), not the strength (strong vs weak). You can have a "strong bad opinion".
"Good opinion" implies the valence is positive.
So Sense 1 (positive qualities) is correct.

Sense index: 1.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opinion
Target surface form: opinion
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good <t>opinion</t> of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opinion%1:09:00:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=sentiment, persuasion, view, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
2. sense_key=opinion%1:10:01:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=view | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
3. sense_key=opinion%1:09:01:: | definition=a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people | synonyms=public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi | examples=he asked for a poll of public opinion
4. sense_key=opinion%1:10:00:: | definition=the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision | synonyms=legal opinion, judgment, judgement | examples=opinions are usually written by a single judge
5. sense_key=opinion%1:04:01:: | definition=the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself) | synonyms=ruling
6. sense_key=opinion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, notion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "opinion" in a specific context.
The context provided is a paragraph discussing education, creativity, self-esteem, and the ignorance of young people contrasted with their high self-regard.
The target sentence fragment is: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good <t>opinion</t> of themselves."

Let's analyze the target word "opinion" in the phrase "good opinion of themselves".
- The phrase "good opinion of themselves" means they think highly of themselves; they have high self-esteem.
- This refers to a personal belief or judgment about oneself.
- It is an internal attitude or estimation.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=opinion%1:09:00:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=sentiment, persuasion, view, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion**
   - This fits "opinion of themselves". It is a personal belief/judgment. The phrase "good opinion" usually means a favorable estimation or judgment. This definition is broad enough to cover a favorable estimation of oneself.

2. **sense_key=opinion%1:10:01:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=view | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page**
   - This implies the act of expressing the opinion (the message). While the young people might express this, the context focuses on their internal state ("matched only by their good opinion of themselves"). It's about the *having* of the opinion, not necessarily the utterance or publication of it (though they might utter it). Sense 1 is usually "a belief", whereas sense 2 is "the expression of a belief". "A good opinion of themselves" describes a mental state/attitude, not a specific message expressed.

3. **sense_key=opinion%1:09:01:: | definition=a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people | synonyms=public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi | examples=he asked for a poll of public opinion**
   - This refers to "public opinion". The context is about a specific generation's opinion of themselves, not the general public's opinion. This does not fit.

4. **sense_key=opinion%1:10:00:: | definition=the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision | synonyms=legal opinion, judgment, judgement | examples=opinions are usually written by a single judge**
   - Legal context. Does not fit.

5. **sense_key=opinion%1:04:01:: | definition=the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself) | synonyms=ruling**
   - Legal context. Does not fit.

6. **sense_key=opinion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, notion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?**
   - This is about vague ideas or impressions. While "opinion of themselves" is a belief, Sense 1 ("personal belief or judgment") seems more precise for a "good opinion" (estimation). "Good opinion" is a fixed phrase meaning "favorable estimation/regard". "To have a good opinion of someone" means to regard them favorably. This aligns best with Sense 1. Sense 6 is often used in phrases like "change one's opinion" or "have no opinion", often interchangeable with "impression", but "good opinion" implies a settled judgment or estimation, which fits Sense 1 better than "vague idea".

Let's reconsider Sense 1 vs Sense 6.
Sense 1: "personal belief or judgment". A "good opinion of oneself" is a judgment (a favorable one).
Sense 6: "vague idea... impression". "Good opinion" isn't usually described as a "vague idea". It's a specific estimation.

Also, let's look at the phrase "good opinion".
The phrase "to have a good opinion of someone" means to hold them in high regard.
Synonyms for this usage: high regard, esteem, favorable estimation.
Does Sense 1 capture this?
Sense 1 definition: "a personal belief or judgment".
Example: "my opinion differs from yours".
Is there a better fit?
Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy (mental check).
Sense 1 is the general cognitive state (judgment/belief).
Sense 2 is the communication (message).

In the context: "matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
Substitution: "matched only by their good [judgment/estimation] of themselves."
This works with Sense 1.

Sense 6 substitution: "matched only by their good [impression] of themselves."
"Impression" usually implies something formed by an external stimulus or a fleeting thought, whereas "opinion of themselves" implies a stable self-esteem.
Sense 1 is the standard, general sense of 'opinion' as a mental position or judgment.

Let's check if there is a specific sense for "estimation" or "regard".
Sometimes WordNet splits "estimation" into separate senses.
Looking at the provided list:
Sense 1: personal belief or judgment.
Sense 6: vague idea, impression.

There isn't a specific "estimation/regard" sense listed in the candidates provided.
"Opinion" in "good opinion" means "a favorable estimation".
Dictionary definitions of "opinion" often include "estimation" (e.g., "I have a low opinion of him").
Which of the candidates covers "estimation"?
Sense 1 is "personal belief or judgment". A judgment can be an estimation. "I judge him to be good" = "I have a good opinion of him".
Sense 6 is "vague idea". This seems too weak.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit among the choices. It captures the personal judgment/belief aspect of self-esteem/self-regard.

Context check:
"The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance... is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
They believe they are great. This is a personal belief/judgment (about themselves).
It matches Sense 1.

Final decision: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: whole
Target surface form: whole
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The <t>whole</t> notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=whole%3:00:00:: | definition=including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete | examples=gave his whole attention; a whole wardrobe for the tropics
2. sense_key=whole%3:00:02:: | definition=(of siblings) having the same parents | examples=whole brothers and sisters
3. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=not injured | synonyms=unharmed, unhurt, unscathed
4. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health | synonyms=hale | examples=hale and hearty; whole in mind and body
5. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00 | definition=acting together as a single undiversified whole | synonyms=solid, unanimous | examples=a solid voting bloc

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "whole" in the context: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."

Here, "whole" modifies "notion" (the entire/complete notion). Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete (gave his whole attention)
2. (of siblings) having the same parents (whole brothers)
3. not injured (unharmed)
4. exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health (hale)
5. acting together as a single undiversified whole (solid, unanimous)

"The whole notion" means the complete or entire notion. This matches sense 1 ("constituting the full amount or extent", "complete"). Sense 5 means acting together as a single undiversified whole (like a solid voting bloc), which doesn't fit "whole notion".

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole <t>notion</t> of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The text discusses "creativity" in education. The sentence containing the target word is: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   Here, "notion" refers to the entire concept or idea of creativity as applied in education.
    *   It's not a vague feeling or impression (sense 1). It's a broader concept being critiqued.
    *   It's not a whimsical or odd idea (sense 3), although the author criticizes it, the word "notion" itself functions here to denote the concept/system of thought.
    *   It's definitely not small articles (sense 4).

2.  **Evaluate Sense 1:** "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed".
    *   Synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion.
    *   Does the text mean a vague feeling? No. It refers to the "whole notion", implying a construct or a conceptual framework. While the author thinks the definition is vague ("No one can say"), the word "notion" here stands for the concept itself, not a subjective feeling or impression held by a person (like "I have a notion that..."). It refers to the *thing* being discussed: the concept of creativity in schools.

3.  **Evaluate Sense 2:** "a general inclusive concept".
    *   This fits "The whole notion of 'creativity'". It refers to the concept of creativity as a whole.
    *   The author discusses how this concept functions in education ("part and parcel of a romantic rebellion").
    *   "Notion" is often used interchangeably with "concept" in academic or formal writing.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 3:** "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea".
    *   Synonyms: whim, whimsy.
    *   While the author *views* the idea as a "romantic extravagance," the word "notion" in the phrase "The whole notion of 'creativity'" is referring to the concept itself, not specifically labeling it as a "whim" at that specific lexical moment. However, is there a connotation of it being a "fanciful idea"? The text calls it a "romantic rebellion" and "romantic extravagance." This leans slightly towards sense 3, but "general inclusive concept" (sense 2) is the standard, neutral definition for phrases like "the notion of X". "The whole concept of creativity" makes perfect sense. "The whole whim of creativity" does not fit the syntax as well (we usually say "the whimsy of," but "notion" usually maps to "concept" in this structural position).
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy/usage. Sense 2 is usually the hypernym for abstract concepts. Sense 3 is specific to whimsical ideas.
    *   Context: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education..." -> The author is analyzing an abstract concept. Even if the author thinks it's fanciful, the semantic role of the word "notion" here is to point to the concept.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 again.
        *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". The text says "No one can say" what creativity means, implying it is vague. However, Sense 1 examples ("his impression of her", "what are your feelings") suggest a subjective mental state. Sense 2 ("a general inclusive concept") suggests the content of the thought itself. "The notion of democracy," "the notion of freedom." Here we have "the notion of creativity." This is a classic Sense 2 usage.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. Is it a "fanciful idea"? The text describes a "romantic rebellion." But "notion" in "the notion of X" is almost always Sense 2. If the sentence were "He had a notion to fly to the moon," that's Sense 3. If the sentence is "The notion of equal rights," that is Sense 2.

5.  **Decision:** The phrase "The whole notion of 'creativity'" refers to the concept or idea of creativity as a topic of discussion. It fits "a general inclusive concept" (Sense 2) best. Even though the author argues the concept is vague or ill-defined, the word "notion" is serving to name the concept.

    *   Sense 1: Mental state/subjective impression. (Less likely, refers to the *idea* itself).
    *   Sense 2: General concept. (Most likely).
    *   Sense 3: Whimsical idea. (Too specific, implies capriciousness which isn't the primary lexical definition in this collocation).
    *   Sense 4: Sewing items. (Incorrect).

    Let's double-check Sense 1 vs Sense 2 boundary in WordNet.
    Sense 1 (notion%1:09:02::): "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed".
    Sense 2 (notion%1:09:00::): "a general inclusive concept".

    Often, "notion" implies a vague idea. The text says "No one can say [what we mean by creativity]". Does that make it Sense 1?
    However, the phrase "The whole notion of..." strongly implies a system of thought or a concept, rather than a fleeting impression. In WordNet, Sense 2 is often used for "the notion of progress", "the notion of time". Sense 1 is often used for "I have a notion that he is lying".
    In the text, "The whole notion..." parallels "The whole concept...".
    If I look at standard WSD annotations for "notion" in the context of "the notion of [abstract noun]", it is almost always Sense 2.
    Example from WordNet for Sense 2 (implied): usage patterns.
    Let's check if there is a distinction in granularity. Sense 2 is the hypernymic definition. Sense 1 adds "vague" and "confidence placed".
    The text says "No one can say [what it is]", so it *is* a vague idea.
    However, the text refers to the *whole* notion. You don't usually say "the whole impression" in this way. You say "the whole concept".
    Let's look at Sense 1 examples again: "his impression of her was favorable", "what are your feelings about the crisis?". These are subjective mental states.
    Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept". This is an objective description of an idea content.
    The text discusses the *idea* of creativity in education as an entity that exists in the discourse ("part and parcel of a romantic rebellion"). This is a concept.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.