[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shoulder
Target surface form: shoulders
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his <t>shoulders</t> as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm
2. sense_key=shoulder%1:13:00:: | definition=a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg
3. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:02:: | definition=a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula | synonyms=shoulder joint, articulatio humeri
4. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:01:: | definition=the part of a garment that covers or fits over the shoulder | examples=an ornamental gold braid on the shoulder of his uniform
5. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:00:: | definition=a narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road | synonyms=berm | examples=the car pulled off onto the shoulder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: `shoulder` (plural `shoulders`).
    *   Context snippet: "...had one arm around his <t>shoulders</t> as if he were an old friend."
    *   Situation: A stranger is thanking Haney (Phil) profusely. He has his arm around Haney's shoulders in a gesture of friendship/gratitude.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `shoulder%1:08:00::` | Definition: the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm.
        *   This is the anatomical body part.
    *   **Sense 2:** `shoulder%1:13:00::` | Definition: a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg.
        *   This refers to meat/food. Not applicable here.
    *   **Sense 3:** `shoulder%1:08:02::` | Definition: a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula.
        *   This is a specific anatomical joint. While related to sense 1, in common usage ("arm around his shoulders"), we refer to the general body part area, not the specific joint anatomy.
    *   **Sense 4:** `shoulder%1:06:01::` | Definition: the part of a garment that covers or fits over the shoulder.
        *   This refers to clothing. Not applicable here.
    *   **Sense 5:** `shoulder%1:06:00::` | Definition: a narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road.
        *   This refers to a road verge. Not applicable here.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The sentence describes a physical action: "had one arm around his shoulders".
    *   This refers to the human body part (plural, indicating the upper part of the body where the arms attach).
    *   Sense 1 is the general anatomical definition ("part of the body between the neck and the upper arm").
    *   Sense 3 is too specific (joint anatomy). Sense 1 covers the body part in general usage.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The selected sense index is 1.

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "arm around his shoulders". Physical embrace.
    *   Sense 1: Body part. Matches.
    *   Sense 2: Meat. No.
    *   Sense 3: Joint. Too technical.
    *   Sense 4: Clothing. No.
    *   Sense 5: Road. No.
    *   Result: Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: old
Target surface form: old
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an <t>old</t> friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=old%3:00:02:: | definition=(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age | examples=his mother is very old; a ripe old age
2. sense_key=old%3:00:01:: | definition=of long duration; not new | examples=old tradition; old house
3. sense_key=old%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=(used for emphasis) very familiar | examples=good old boy; same old story
4. sense_key=old%5:00:00:experienced:00 | definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=older | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
5. sense_key=old%5:00:03:past:00 | definition=belonging to some prior time | synonyms=erstwhile, former, onetime, quondam, sometime | examples=erstwhile friend; our former glory
6. sense_key=old%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=(used informally especially for emphasis) | synonyms=honest-to-god, honest-to-goodness, sure-enough | examples=a real honest-to-god live cowboy; had us a high old time
7. sense_key=old%5:00:00:early:01 | definition=of a very early stage in development | examples=Old English is also called Anglo Saxon; Old High German is High German from the middle of the 9th to the end of the 11th century
8. sense_key=old%5:00:00:preceding:00 | definition=just preceding something else in time or order | synonyms=previous | examples=the previous owner; my old house was larger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "...the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an <t>old</t> friend."
    *   The target word is "old" modifying "friend".
    *   The situation: A stranger almost gets hit by a van. Phil (Haney) shouts a warning. The stranger survives and thanks Haney profusely, putting his arm around him *as if* he were an "old" friend.
    *   Key aspect: They are actually strangers (or at least, the text calls him "the stranger"). The simile "as if" implies he is *acting* like they have a close, established relationship.
    *   Meaning of "old" here: It refers to a friendship that has existed for a long time, implying closeness, intimacy, and familiarity. It opposes "new" friend.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age`.
        *   Example: "his mother is very old".
        *   Fit: Does "old friend" mean a friend who is aged (geriatric)? Usually, "an old friend" refers to the duration of the friendship, not the age of the person. While the friend *could* be old in age, the context "as if he were an old friend" emphasizes the *closeness* and *familiarity* of the bond, typical of a long-standing friendship, not the age of the person. This sense is about biological age.

    *   **Sense 2**: `of long duration; not new`.
        *   Example: "old tradition", "old house".
        *   Fit: This is a strong contender. An "old friend" is a friend of long duration. The phrase "old friend" usually relies on this definition (friendship of long standing). However, let's look at the other senses to see if there is a more specific fit for the metaphorical usage or the specific connotation of "familiarity".

    *   **Sense 3**: `(used for emphasis) very familiar`.
        *   Example: "good old boy", "same old story".
        *   Fit: The context says the stranger acted "as if he were an old friend". The implication of being an "old friend" is primarily about the familiarity and established bond. Is this specific sense "very familiar" distinct from "of long duration"?
        *   Let's check the examples in WordNet for sense 3. "good old boy", "same old story". These are idiomatic/emphatic uses. "Old friend" is a collocation.
        *   Usually, "old friend" maps to the "long duration" meaning (Sense 2) or the "former" meaning (Sense 5, e.g., "an old friend of mine from college" who I might not be close to anymore, or just someone I've known a long time).
        *   However, the *simile* "as if he were an old friend" highlights the behavior: familiarity, closeness, lack of inhibition. Is that "very familiar" (Sense 3)?
        *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 again.
        *   Sense 2: "of long duration". An "old friend" is literally a friend one has known for a long time.
        *   Sense 3: "(used for emphasis) very familiar". Examples: "good old boy". This sense seems to capture the *adjective* used for its connotation of familiarity, often in fixed phrases.
        *   Crucially, "old friend" is the paradigmatic example of knowing someone for a long time. Does WordNet handle "old friend" under Sense 2?
        *   Let's look at Sense 5: "belonging to some prior time". Examples: "erstwhile friend". This means "former friend". The context here is positive (thanking, arm around shoulder), implying a close bond, not a former one.
        *   Let's look at Sense 8: "just preceding something else in time or order". Examples: "my old house was larger". This means "previous/former". Not the case here.

    *   **Re-evaluating Sense 2 vs Sense 3**.
        *   Context: "as if he were an old friend".
        *   If the stranger acts like an "old friend", he acts like someone he has known for a long time.
        *   Sense 2 definition: "of long duration; not new".
        *   Sense 3 definition: "(used for emphasis) very familiar".
        *   In the phrase "old friend", "old" modifies "friend". The core meaning is "friend of long standing".
        *   Let's look at the mapping in standard WSD datasets (like Senseval/Semcor) for "old friend".
        *   Often, "old friend" maps to the "long duration" sense (Sense 2).
        *   However, Sense 3 specifically mentions "very familiar". The context focuses on the *manner* of interaction (familiarity).
        *   But Sense 3 examples are "good old boy", "same old story". These are qualitative/emphatic. "Old friend" is a relational duration.
        *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. Is an "old friend" an aged friend? No, usually not.
        *   Let's look at Sense 5 again. Is it a former friend? No.

    *   Let's decide between 2 and 3.
        *   Sense 2: "of long duration". This fits the literal meaning of the phrase "old friend" (someone you have known for a long time). The simile creates a hypothetical scenario where they have known each other for a long time.
        *   Sense 3: "very familiar". This fits the *effect* or the *implication*. But is "old friend" an example of Sense 3? The examples for Sense 3 are distinct idioms ("good old boy"). "Old friend" is a standard noun phrase where "old" refers to the age of the relationship.
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 seems the most linguistic accurate for the phrase "old friend". "Old" in "old friend" means the friendship is old (of long duration).

    *   Let's check if there's a specific sense for "known for a long time".
        *   Sense 1 is age of person.
        *   Sense 2 is duration of object/tradition/etc. Relationships are abstract objects/concepts that have duration.
        *   Example in Sense 2: "old tradition". Traditions are abstract. Friendships are relationships.
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 covers "old friend" (a friendship of long duration).

    *   Let's double check Sense 3. WordNet 3.0 definition for Sense 3 (or the equivalent rank): `(used for emphasis) very familiar`.
        *   "Good old boy" -> a familiar, stereotypical figure.
        *   "Same old story" -> the familiar story.
        *   Does "old friend" fit here? "He's a good *old* friend"? Maybe. But in the text "an old friend", without the emphatic "good" or "same", it denotes the category of friendship based on time. He acts like a friend of long duration.
        *   The distinction:
            *   Sense 2: Historical duration (time).
            *   Sense 3: Epistemic state (familiarity).
        *   When you call someone an "old friend", you are making a claim about the *time* you have known them. The familiarity is a *result* of that time. The primary semantic contribution of "old" here is duration.
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 is better than Sense 3. Sense 3 is for things like "old times" (in the sense of "good old times" - familiarity/nostalgia) or idioms. "Old friend" is a literal description of the relationship's duration within the simile.

    *   Let's review Sense 4: "skilled through long experience". No.
    *   Sense 5: "former". No.

    *   Let's confirm Sense 2 vs Sense 3 again.
        *   Text: "as if he were an old friend".
        *   The simile posits a history. "We have been friends for a long time."
        *   This maps perfectly to "of long duration".
        *   Sense 3 examples: "good old boy". This "old" is almost part of the idiom. "Same old story". Here "old" means the one we are familiar with.
        *   While an "old friend" is familiar, the word "old" itself specifically targets the *age* of the friendship (duration), not just the familiarity.
        *   In WSD tasks, "old friend" is almost always annotated as the "long duration" sense (Sense 2 in this list).

    *   Wait, let me check if "old friend" is listed as an example for Sense 3 in some versions of WordNet or WSD conventions.
        *   WordNet 3.0:
            *   adj 1: (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age; "his mother is very old"; "a ripe old age"; "how old are you?"
            *   adj 2: of long duration; not new; "old tradition"; "old house"; "old wine"; "old country"; "old friendships"; "old money".
            *   Note the example "old friendships" under Sense 2. An "old friend" is the agent of an "old friendship".
            *   Sense 3: (used for emphasis) very familiar; "good old boy"; "same old story".

    *   Since "old friendships" is an example for Sense 2, "old friend" definitely falls under Sense 2.

3.  **Final Decision**: Sense 2.
    *   Target: "old" in "old friend".
    *   Meaning: Friend of long duration.
    *   Matching Sense: Sense 2 "of long duration; not new".
    *   Evidence: The example "old friendships" is frequently associated with this sense in WordNet (though not explicitly in the prompt's truncated list, "old tradition" and "old house" are there). The prompt's Sense 2 examples are "old tradition", "old house".
    *   Contrast with Sense 3: Sense 3 is for emphasis/familiarity ("same old story"). While an old friend is familiar, the word "old" specifically marks the duration of the relationship.
    *   Contrast with Sense 1: Age of the person.
    *   Contrast with Sense 5: Former friend.

    Index check:
    Sense 1: age of person.
    Sense 2: duration. -> Correct.
    Sense 3: familiarity/emphasis.
    Sense 4: experienced.
    Sense 5: former.
    Sense 6: genuine.
    Sense 7: early stage.
    Sense 8: previous.

    The choice is Sense 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: friend
Target surface form: friend
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old <t>friend</t>. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=friend%1:18:00:: | definition=a person you know well and regard with affection and trust | examples=he was my best friend at the university
2. sense_key=friend%1:18:03:: | definition=an associate who provides cooperation or assistance | synonyms=ally | examples=he's a good ally in fight
3. sense_key=friend%1:18:02:: | definition=a person with whom you are acquainted | synonyms=acquaintance | examples=I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances; we are friends of the family
4. sense_key=friend%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who backs a politician or a team etc. | synonyms=supporter, protagonist, champion, admirer, booster | examples=all their supporters came out for the game; they are friends of the library
5. sense_key=friend%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers) | synonyms=Quaker

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `friend`
    *   Context sentence: "By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old <t>friend</t>."
    *   Narrative context: A stranger almost gets hit by a truck. Phil (presumably Haney) shouted a warning. The stranger thinks Haney saved his life. The stranger is treating Haney with great familiarity and gratitude, embracing him "as if he were an old [friend]."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `friend%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a person you know well and regard with affection and trust" | Examples: "he was my best friend at the university".
        *   This is the prototypical definition of a close friend. The text uses a simile: "as if he were an old friend". The simile implies that they are *not* actually old friends, but the stranger is acting with the familiarity of one. The concept being invoked here is the specific close relationship defined in Sense 1.

    *   **Sense 2:** `friend%1:18:03::` | Definition: "an associate who provides cooperation or assistance" | Synonyms: ally.
        *   While the stranger might view Haney as an ally/helper in that specific moment, the phrase "old friend" is idiomatic and refers to the duration and depth of the relationship, not just a temporary alliance. "Old ally" doesn't capture the physical intimacy ("one arm around his shoulders") or the sentimentality implied by the simile "old friend".

    *   **Sense 3:** `friend%1:18:02::` | Definition: "a person with whom you are acquainted" | Synonyms: acquaintance.
        *   The simile says "old friend", not "old acquaintance". If they were acquaintances, the level of intimacy (arm around shoulders) wouldn't be the comparison point. Sense 3 is weaker than Sense 1. The phrase "old friend" specifically contrasts with "acquaintance" in terms of depth.

    *   **Sense 4:** `friend%1:18:04::` | Definition: "a person who backs a politician or a team etc." | Synonyms: supporter.
        *   This context is not about politics, sports, or institutional support.

    *   **Sense 5:** `friend%1:18:01::` | Definition: "a member of the Religious Society of Friends..." | Synonyms: Quaker.
        *   This is a proper noun usage (Quaker). The context is a common noun usage describing a relationship.

3.  **Evaluate the best fit:**
    *   The sentence is a simile: "...as if he were an old *friend*."
    *   The stranger is acting with high familiarity and physical closeness.
    *   The phrase "old friend" evokes the standard definition of a deep, long-standing relationship based on affection and trust (Sense 1).
    *   The fact that they are actually strangers makes the comparison to a "close friend" (Sense 1) the most meaningful interpretation. The text is contrasting a stranger's behavior with the behavior usually reserved for a close friend.
    *   Sense 3 (acquaintance) is too weak. "Old friend" is a fixed collocation referring to close friendship.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended meaning.

4.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   Sense index: 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: driver
Target surface form: driver
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the <t>driver</t> started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=driver%1:18:00:: | definition=the operator of a motor vehicle
2. sense_key=driver%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle
3. sense_key=driver%1:18:01:: | definition=a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver
4. sense_key=driver%1:10:00:: | definition=(computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device | synonyms=device driver
5. sense_key=driver%1:06:00:: | definition=a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee | synonyms=number one wood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: driver
    *   Context: A narrative about a near-miss accident involving a truck. The specific sentence is "So the driver started to curse at both of them..." and later mentions "truck driver's face".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Operator of a motor vehicle.
        2.  Driver of animals.
        3.  Golfer hitting with a driver.
        4.  Computer program (device driver).
        5.  Golf club (wood).
    *   Constraint: Choose the single best indexed sense. Return only JSON: `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously..." -> Suggests a vehicle accident or near-accident.
    *   "...truck came to a stop..." -> Explicitly mentions a truck.
    *   "...angry driver jumped down from the cab..." -> "Cab" is the driver's compartment of a truck. "Truck" is a motor vehicle.
    *   "...ruin his safe-driving record." -> Relates to operating a vehicle.
    *   "...looked squarely into the truck driver's face..." -> Confirms the "driver" is associated with the truck.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses against Context:**
    *   *Sense 1: the operator of a motor vehicle.* The context mentions a truck (motor vehicle), a cab, brakes, and a horn. The person driving the truck is the "driver". This fits perfectly.
    *   *Sense 2: someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle.* The context mentions a "truck" with "brakes" and a "horn". It's a motor vehicle, not an animal-drawn carriage.
    *   *Sense 3: a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver.* No mention of golf.
    *   *Sense 4: (computer science) a program...* No mention of computers or peripherals.
    *   *Sense 5: a golf club...* No mention of golf equipment.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The target word refers to the person operating the truck.
    *   This matches Sense 1.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   The user wants JSON output.
    *   `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver <t>started</t> to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."
    *   Target word: "started" (lemma: start).
    *   Phrase: "started to curse".
    *   Grammatical structure: "start" + "to" + [infinitive verb] ("curse"). This construction indicates the inception of an action or activity.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `start%2:30:00::` | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | examples="We began working at dawn"; "Who will start?"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to an agent beginning an action. The construction "start to [verb]" or "start [verb-ing]" fits here perfectly. The driver began the action of cursing.
        *   Synonyms: begin, get down.

    *   **Sense 2:** `start%2:30:01::` | definition=set in motion, cause to start | examples="The U.S. started a war..."
        *   Analysis: This is transitive causative ("start something"). The context is "started to curse", which is intransitive regarding the object of start, focusing on the agent starting an action. Sense 1 is a better fit for starting an activity oneself.

    *   **Sense 3:** `start%2:38:02::` | definition=leave | examples="The family took off for Florida"
        *   Analysis: Means to depart. Does not fit "started to curse".

    *   **Sense 4:** `start%2:42:00::` | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | examples="The DMZ begins right over the hill"
        *   Analysis: Usually used for events, locations, or times (ergative). Not for an agent initiating an action like cursing.

    *   **Sense 5:** `start%2:36:00::` | definition=bring into being | examples="He initiated a new program"
        *   Analysis: Means to create or originate. Not fitting "started to curse".

    *   **Sense 6:** `start%2:36:01::` | definition=get off the ground | examples="Who started this company?"
        *   Analysis: Usually enterprise/business. Not fitting here.

    *   **Sense 7:** `start%2:38:04::` | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | examples="She startled..."
        *   Analysis: Physical reaction. Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 8:** `start%2:38:01::` | definition=get going or set in motion | examples="start the engine"
        *   Analysis: Transitive mechanical operation. Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 9:** `start%2:38:00::` | definition=begin or set in motion | examples="I start at eight in the morning"
        *   Analysis: Often intransitive regarding a schedule. While close to sense 1, Sense 1 specifically mentions "take the first step... in carrying out an action", which aligns with "started to curse". Sense 9 often implies general movement or departure ("Ready, set, go!").

    *   **Sense 10:** `start%2:41:00::` | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity...
        *   Analysis: Employment/position specific. Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 11:** `start%2:33:00::` | definition=play in the starting lineup
        *   Analysis: Sports specific. Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 12:** `start%2:42:03::` | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way
        *   Analysis: Descriptive beginning ("The novel begins with..."). Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 13:** `start%2:41:04::` | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object
        *   Analysis: "start a cigar", "start the soup". The object here is an infinitive phrase "to curse". This sense usually involves a direct object noun phrase where the verb implies a specific routine action associated with that object. While "started to curse" involves an action, Sense 1 is the general sense for commencing an action/activity.

    *   **Sense 14:** `start%2:38:03::` | definition=bulge outward
        *   Analysis: Physical shape. Not fitting.

3.  **Distinguish between closely related senses (Sense 1 vs Sense 9 vs Sense 2):**
    *   Context: "started to curse".
    *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". Examples: "We began working". This matches the "start to [verb]" structure where the subject is the agent initiating the action.
    *   Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start". Examples: "start a war". This implies causing an event. The driver isn't causing "cursing" as an external entity; he is the one performing the action.
    *   Sense 9: "begin or set in motion". Examples: "I start at eight". Often implies the start of a journey or a routine/scheduled activity.

    Comparison: Sense 1 is the standard definition for an agent beginning an action (like cursing). The example "We began working at dawn" is syntactically and semantically very close to "started to curse". The driver initiated the action of cursing.

    Let's check the sense keys.
    Sense 1: `start%2:30:00::` (Verb.cognition? No, 2:30 is Verb.body? No, let's look at the hierarchy. 30 usually refers to 'change of state' or 'action' in some hierarchies, but let's stick to the gloss and examples provided).
    Gloss Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    Gloss Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start".

    "The driver started to curse."
    Did the driver set something in motion? No, he began doing something.
    Did he take the first step in carrying out an action? Yes. He began the act of cursing.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    The index is 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: curse
Target surface form: curse
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to <t>curse</t> at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=curse%2:32:00:: | definition=utter obscenities or profanities | synonyms=cuss, blaspheme, swear, imprecate | examples=The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street
2. sense_key=curse%2:32:02:: | definition=heap obscenities upon | examples=The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger
3. sense_key=curse%2:32:01:: | definition=wish harm upon; invoke evil upon | synonyms=beshrew, damn, bedamn, anathemize, anathemise, imprecate | examples=The bad witch cursed the child
4. sense_key=curse%2:32:03:: | definition=exclude from a church or a religious community | synonyms=excommunicate, unchurch | examples=The gay priest was excommunicated when he married his partner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   **Situation:** A truck driver almost hit a man. Phil (Haney) saved the man. The driver is angry.
    *   **Action:** The driver jumps down and walks toward them.
    *   **Target Word Usage:** "So the driver started to *curse* at both of them..."
    *   **Preposition:** The phrase is "curse *at* both of them". This is a crucial syntactic clue.
    *   **Intent/Emotion:** The driver is angry, accusing them of a plot to ruin his record. He is expressing this anger verbally.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `curse%2:32:00::`
        *   Definition: "utter obscenities or profanities"
        *   Synonyms: cuss, blaspheme, swear, imprecate
        *   Examples: "The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street"
        *   Analysis: This fits the act of yelling angry words. The construction "curse at [someone]" is compatible with the intransitive nature of this sense (or the sense of directing the act towards someone). The example "cursing loudly in the street" aligns with the driver's angry outburst.

    *   **Sense 2:** `curse%2:32:02::`
        *   Definition: "heap obscenities upon"
        *   Examples: "The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger"
        *   Analysis: This is transitive: "cursed the passenger". The text says "curse *at* both of them". While similar in meaning to Sense 1, Sense 2 usually implies a direct object without the preposition "at" in many contexts (cursing someone out), or specifically directing the abuse *onto* them as a target. However, the construction "curse at" is more commonly associated with the act of uttering the words (Sense 1) in the direction of someone. Sense 2 is "heap obscenities upon" -> "cursed the passenger". If the text said "cursed both of them", Sense 2 would be stronger. With "curse *at* both of them", it emphasizes the action of speaking (Sense 1) directed toward them. Let's look closer at the distinction. Often, "curse at" is treated as the intransitive act of swearing directed somewhere. Sense 1 allows for "cursing loudly" (intransitive). Sense 2 is transitive. "Curse at" is a classic manifestation of Sense 1 (uttering profanities).

    *   **Sense 3:** `curse%2:32:01::`
        *   Definition: "wish harm upon; invoke evil upon"
        *   Synonyms: beshrew, damn, anathemize
        *   Examples: "The bad witch cursed the child"
        *   Analysis: This implies a supernatural or formal malediction. The truck driver is just angry and yelling. He isn't casting a spell or formally damning them to hell in a religious/supernatural sense (though "damn" is a synonym, the context implies a stream of obscenities/road rage, not a specific act of calling down divine wrath). This is too specific/supernatural.

    *   **Sense 4:** `curse%2:32:03::`
        *   Definition: "exclude from a church or a religious community"
        *   Synonyms: excommunicate
        *   Analysis: Clearly incorrect context.

3.  **Refine the Choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: utter obscenities.
    *   Sense 2: heap obscenities upon.
    *   Context: "curse *at* both of them".
    *   In WordNet, Sense 1 is often the general sense of "using bad language". Sense 2 is specifically targeting someone with that language.
    *   However, the preposition "at" is the key.
    *   If I "curse the passenger" (Sense 2), I am heaping obscenities upon them.
    *   If I "curse at the passenger", I am uttering obscenities directed at them.
    *   Linguistically, the distinction is subtle. However, Sense 1 is the general act of swearing/cursing. The example for Sense 1 is "cursing loudly in the street". The driver is doing exactly that, but directing it "at" them.
    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: utter obscenities.
        *   Sense 2: heap obscenities upon.
    *   "Curse at" implies the act of speaking (Sense 1). If the text was "He cursed them", Sense 2 would be the intended target (heap obscenities upon them). With "at", the focus is on the utterance directed towards.
    *   Consider the example for Sense 2: "cursed the passenger".
    *   Consider the context: "curse at both of them".
    *   Standard WSD practice: Sense 1 covers the activity of using foul language. "Curse at" is the standard collocation for Sense 1 when there is a target. Sense 2 usually takes a direct object (curse someone).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. The driver is engaging in the act of uttering obscenities (Sense 1) in their direction.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Driver is angry. He yells bad words.
    *   Is he casting a spell? No.
    *   Is he excommunicating? No.
    *   Is he heaping obscenities *upon* them (Sense 2) or uttering obscenities *at* them (Sense 1)?
    *   WordNet sense distinctions often differentiate between the act of speaking (Sense 1) and the addressing of that speech as an assault (Sense 2).
    *   However, the surface form "curse at" strongly favors the "utter" definition. You "heap obscenities upon" someone by cursing *them*. You "utter obscenities" by cursing *at* them.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Construct Output:**
    *   {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plot
Target surface form: plot
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a <t>plot</t> together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plot%1:09:00:: | definition=a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal) | synonyms=secret plan, game | examples=they concocted a plot to discredit the governor; I saw through his little game from the start
2. sense_key=plot%1:15:00:: | definition=a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation | synonyms=plot of land, plot of ground, patch | examples=a bean plot; a cabbage patch
3. sense_key=plot%1:10:00:: | definition=the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc. | examples=the characters were well drawn but the plot was banal
4. sense_key=plot%1:10:01:: | definition=a chart or map showing the movements or progress of an object

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text describes a near-miss accident involving a truck and a pedestrian.
    *   Phil (Haney) shouted a warning, saving the man.
    *   The truck driver is angry.
    *   The saved man acts friendly towards Haney.
    *   The driver curses at both of them "as if they had been in a **plot** together to ruin his safe-driving record."
    *   Key phrase: "in a plot together".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)". Synonyms: secret plan, game. Examples: "they concocted a plot to discredit the governor".
    *   **Sense 2:** "a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation". Synonyms: plot of land, patch. Examples: "a bean plot".
    *   **Sense 3:** "the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc.". Examples: "the plot was banal".
    *   **Sense 4:** "a chart or map showing the movements or progress of an object".

3.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   Does "plot" refer to a piece of land? No, the driver thinks they were conspiring, not standing in a garden.
    *   Does "plot" refer to the storyline of a book/movie? No, this is a real-life situation description, not meta-commentary on a narrative structure.
    *   Does "plot" refer to a chart/map? No.
    *   Does "plot" refer to a secret scheme? Yes. The driver suspects they collaborated ("been in a plot together") to cause the incident (ruin his record). This matches the definition of a secret scheme, often underhand or illegal. The context explicitly mentions "to ruin his safe-driving record," which implies an intentional, underhand scheme.

4.  **Select the best match:**
    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly. The phrase "in a plot together" is synonymous with "conspiring together." The intention attributed by the driver (ruining the record) aligns with the "scheme" aspect.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The correct sense is index 1.

6.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "as if they had been in a plot together".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "a secret scheme...".
    *   Match is strong.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ruin
Target surface form: ruin
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to <t>ruin</t> his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ruin%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy completely; damage irreparably | synonyms=destroy | examples=You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!; The tears ruined her make-up
2. sense_key=ruin%2:41:00:: | definition=destroy or cause to fail | examples=This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election
3. sense_key=ruin%2:40:00:: | definition=reduce to bankruptcy | synonyms=bankrupt, break, smash | examples=My daughter's fancy wedding is going to break me!; The slump in the financial markets smashed him
4. sense_key=ruin%2:35:01:: | definition=reduce to ruins | examples=The country lay ruined after the war
5. sense_key=ruin%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of virginity | synonyms=deflower | examples=This dirty old man deflowered several young girls in the village
6. sense_key=ruin%2:30:00:: | definition=fall into ruin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target Word:** "ruin" (verb).
    *   **Context:** The text describes a near-accident. A man was almost hit by a truck. Phil (Haney) shouted a warning, saving the man. The truck driver is angry. He curses at both Phil and the saved man, accusing them of being "in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."
    *   **Key Phrase:** "...ruin his safe-driving record."

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `ruin%2:35:00::` | Definition: destroy completely; damage irreparably. | Synonyms: destroy. | Examples: ruined my car, ruined her make-up.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies physical destruction or complete spoiling of an object/condition. "Destroying" a record fits to some extent, but usually "ruining a record" implies making it imperfect (breaking the streak), rather than physical destruction.

    *   **Sense 2:** `ruin%2:41:00::` | Definition: destroy or cause to fail. | Examples: ruin your chances of winning.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on abstract concepts like chances, plans, or prospects. "Safe-driving record" is an abstract professional credential or statistic. If the record is "ruined," it means the streak of safe driving is broken or the record is tarnished. This feels like "causing [the perfection of] the record to fail." The example "ruin your chances" parallels "ruin his... record" better than physical destruction (Sense 1) or bankruptcy (Sense 3).

    *   **Sense 3:** `ruin%2:40:00::` | Definition: reduce to bankruptcy. | Synonyms: bankrupt, break, smash. | Examples: break me, smashed him.
        *   *Analysis:* This is specifically financial. The context is a safe-driving record, not finances. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `ruin%2:35:01::` | Definition: reduce to ruins. | Examples: country lay ruined.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to physical structures (buildings, cities) or states of devastation. Incorrect for a "record."

    *   **Sense 5:** `ruin%2:35:02::` | Definition: deprive of virginity. | Synonyms: deflower.
        *   *Analysis:* Completely irrelevant context.

    *   **Sense 6:** `ruin%2:30:00::` | Definition: fall into ruin.
        *   *Analysis:* Intransitive usage ("The castle fell into ruin"). The target is transitive in context ("to ruin his record"). Incorrect.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 ("destroy completely") is often used for physical objects (car, make-up) or tangible states.
    *   Sense 2 ("destroy or cause to fail") is often used for abstract prospects, opportunities, or status ("chances of winning").

    *   *Contextual Fit:* The object is a "safe-driving record." A safe-driving record is an abstract accumulation of professional achievement. If an accident happens, the record is blemished. While Sense 1 *can* be used for records (e.g., "ruin a reputation"), Sense 2 captures the aspect of causing the *status* of that record to fail or be nullified. The example "ruin your chances of winning" is semantically very close to "ruin his safe-driving record" (both involve future or ongoing states of success being negated).

    Let's look closely at the WordNet hierarchy (implied by the sense keys).
    Sense 1 is `2:35:00` (verb of destruction/damaging).
    Sense 2 is `2:41:00` (verb of changing state - failing/succeeding?).

    Actually, looking at standard WSD practices for "ruin":
    *   "Ruin a car" -> Sense 1 (physical damage).
    *   "Ruin a plan/chances" -> Sense 2 (cause to fail).
    *   "Ruin a reputation" -> Often Sense 1 (destroy) or Sense 2.
    *   "Ruin a record": Does it destroy it completely? Not necessarily; it just puts a blemish on it or breaks a streak. It causes the *status* of having a perfect record to fail.

    Let's re-read the examples.
    Sense 1: "You have ruined my car", "tears ruined her make-up".
    Sense 2: "ruin your chances of winning".

    A "safe-driving record" is closer to "chances of winning" (an abstract state of success) than it is to a car or make-up (physical objects). The driver is worried about the *status* of the record. He thinks they plotted to make his record fail (become imperfect).

    Therefore, Sense 2 fits the abstract nature of the object "record" better than Sense 1, which leans heavily toward physical damage or total destruction of objects. Sense 2 ("destroy or cause to fail") is the standard sense for ruining abstract prospects, reputations, or records in WordNet.

    Let's double check.
    WordNet 3.0/3.1 definitions:
    1. destroy completely; damage irreparably (The tears ruined her make-up).
    2. destroy or cause to fail (This behavior will ruin your chances of winning).

    Ruining a safe-driving record means causing the "safe" status to fail. It aligns perfectly with Sense 2's example "ruin your chances."

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 2.

    Target: ruin.
    Context: ruin his safe-driving record.
    Decision: Sense 2 (destroy or cause to fail).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: record
Target surface form: record
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving <t>record</t>. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=record%1:10:03:: | definition=anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events | examples=the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques
2. sense_key=record%1:06:00:: | definition=sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove | synonyms=phonograph record, phonograph recording, disk, disc, platter
3. sense_key=record%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had | examples=at 9-0 they have the best record in their league
4. sense_key=record%1:04:01:: | definition=the sum of recognized accomplishments | synonyms=track record | examples=the lawyer has a good record; the track record shows that he will be a good president
5. sense_key=record%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record book, book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
6. sense_key=record%1:04:00:: | definition=an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested (as in a sport) | examples=he tied the Olympic record; coffee production last year broke all previous records
7. sense_key=record%1:21:00:: | definition=a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction | examples=they could find no record of the purchase
8. sense_key=record%1:10:00:: | definition=a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted | synonyms=criminal record | examples=he ruled that the criminal record of the defendant could not be disclosed to the court; the prostitute had a record a mile long

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
The context is about a truck driver who is angry because his "safe-driving record" was almost ruined.
A "safe-driving record" refers to a history of safe driving without accidents or violations.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. record%1:10:03:: - anything providing permanent evidence of or information about past events
2. record%1:06:00:: - phonograph record
3. sense_key=record%1:23:00:: - the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had
4. sense_key=record%1:04:01:: - the sum of recognized accomplishments (synonyms: track record, examples: the lawyer has a good record; the track record shows that he will be a good president)
5. sense_key=record%1:10:02:: - a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone (synonyms: record book, book)
6. sense_key=record%1:04:00:: - an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested
7. sense_key=record%1:21:00:: - a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction
8. sense_key=record%1:10:00:: - a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted (synonyms: criminal record)

"Safe-driving record" is a sum of recognized accomplishments or history of a person's performance in driving, matching sense 4 ("the sum of recognized accomplishments", synonyms: track record).
Let's double check sense 4 vs sense 1 vs sense 5.
Sense 4: "the sum of recognized accomplishments" - track record. The example "the lawyer has a good record" fits well with "safe-driving record" (which is a recognized accomplishment of driving safely).
Sense 1: "anything providing permanent evidence of or information about past events". A bit too broad.
Sense 5: "a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone" - "his name is in all the record books"
Sense 4 fits "safe-driving record" because it's about the accomplishments/performance history of a person or entity (specifically, the driver's accomplishment of driving safely).
Therefore, sense_index 4.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: man
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the <t>man</t> he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "man" in the context: "Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

Let me analyze the context:
- A stranger was nearly hit by a truck
- Haney shouted to warn him
- The driver got angry and started cursing
- The stranger thanked Haney
- "Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face"

So "the man he saved" refers to the stranger who was nearly hit by the truck. This is clearly referring to an adult male person - the stranger who was saved from being hit by the truck.

Let me check the sense options:

1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus

This is the most basic sense - an adult male person. The context refers to "the stranger" and "the man he saved" - this is simply referring to an adult male person.

2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces - No, no military context here.

3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being - No, this is not generic usage; it's referring to a specific individual.

4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae - No, this is about the biological species, not appropriate here.

5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate - No, there's no subordinate relationship indicated.

6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character - No, this is about character traits, not just any man.

7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant - No, no servant context.

8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) - No, no romantic relationship context.

9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles - No, not a geographic reference.

10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment - No, not a game piece.

11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth - No, this is collective/abstract.

The clear answer is sense 1 - an adult male person. The "man" in this sentence is simply referring to the adult male stranger that Haney saved from being hit by the truck.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: save
Target surface form: saved
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he <t>saved</t> turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=save%2:41:01:: | definition=save from ruin, destruction, or harm | synonyms=salvage, salve, relieve
2. sense_key=save%2:40:00:: | definition=to keep up and reserve for personal or special use | synonyms=preserve | examples=She saved the old family photographs in a drawer
3. sense_key=save%2:41:00:: | definition=bring into safety | synonyms=carry through, pull through, bring through | examples=We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack
4. sense_key=save%2:40:02:: | definition=spend less; buy at a reduced price
5. sense_key=save%2:40:01:: | definition=accumulate money for future use | synonyms=lay aside, save up | examples=He saves half his salary
6. sense_key=save%2:30:00:: | definition=make unnecessary an expenditure or effort | synonyms=make unnecessary | examples=This will save money; I'll save you the trouble
7. sense_key=save%2:41:02:: | definition=save from sins | synonyms=deliver, redeem
8. sense_key=save%2:41:05:: | definition=refrain from harming | synonyms=spare
9. sense_key=save%2:40:04:: | definition=spend sparingly, avoid the waste of | synonyms=economize, economise | examples=This move will save money; The less fortunate will have to economize now
10. sense_key=save%2:40:03:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, keep | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
11. sense_key=save%2:32:04:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=write | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   **Situation:** A character (Haney) shouted involuntarily, which prevented a stranger from being hit by a truck.
    *   **Action:** Haney "saved" the man from being hit.
    *   **Outcome:** The stranger thanks him. The truck driver is angry.
    *   **Target word:** "saved" (verb, past tense).
    *   **Sentence:** "Then the man he <t>saved</t> turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face..."
    *   **Meaning:** The action involved preventing physical harm or death (being hit by a truck). The man was brought from a dangerous situation to safety.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `save%2:41:01::` | definition=save from ruin, destruction, or harm | synonyms=salvage, salve, relieve.
        *   *Critique:* This is close. It implies saving from harm. "Salvage" is often used for things (shipwrecks) or abstract situations (salvage a relationship), but "relieve" and "salve" feel slightly off for pulling someone out of the way of a truck. However, "save from ruin, destruction, or harm" fits broadly.

    *   **Sense 2:** `save%2:40:00::` | definition=to keep up and reserve for personal or special use | synonyms=preserve.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect. This is about keeping items (photographs).

    *   **Sense 3:** `save%2:41:00::` | definition=bring into safety | synonyms=carry through, pull through, bring through | examples=We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack.
        *   *Critique:* "Bring into safety" describes exactly what happened: the man was in danger of being hit, and the shout/action brought him to safety. The example "victims of the bomb attack" aligns well with physical rescue scenarios involving people. This seems the strongest candidate.

    *   **Sense 4:** `save%2:40:02::` | definition=spend less; buy at a reduced price.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect. Financial context.

    *   **Sense 5:** `save%2:40:01::` | definition=accumulate money for future use.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect. Financial context.

    *   **Sense 6:** `save%2:30:00::` | definition=make unnecessary an expenditure or effort.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect. Abstract utility.

    *   **Sense 7:** `save%2:41:02::` | definition=save from sins.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect. Religious context.

    *   **Sense 8:** `save%2:41:05::` | definition=refrain from harming.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect. This means "spare" (e.g., "The king saved the prisoner"). Haney didn't just refrain from hurting him; he actively prevented an accident.

    *   **Sense 9:** `save%2:40:04::` | definition=spend sparingly, avoid the waste of.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect. Financial/resource context.

    *   **Sense 10:** `save%2:40:03::` | definition=retain rights to.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 11:** `save%2:32:04::` | definition=record data on a computer.
        *   *Critique:* Incorrect.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "save from ruin, destruction, or harm". Synonyms: salvage, salve, relieve.
    *   **Sense 3:** "bring into safety". Synonyms: carry through, pull through, bring through. Example: "We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack".

    *   *Context:* A man is almost hit by a truck. He is saved from physical injury/death.
    *   *Sense 1* covers "save from harm". It's a very general definition.
    *   *Sense 3* covers "bring into safety". This implies physical rescue. The example for Sense 3 (bomb attack victims) involves physical danger to humans, similar to the truck scenario. Sense 1's synonyms (salvage, salve) feel more applicable to recovery after damage or medical relief, whereas Sense 3's definition "bring into safety" perfectly captures the act of preventing a traffic accident fatality.

    Usually, WordNet hierarchies distinguish between:
    *   rescuing/saving life (bringing to safety).
    *   saving from specific destruction (salvaging).

    Let's look at the definitions again.
    Sense 3: "bring into safety". This is the classic "rescue" sense. If you pull someone away from a moving truck, you bring them into safety.
    Sense 1: "save from ruin, destruction, or harm". This is broader. "Salvage" suggests saving something that is already ruined or about to be destroyed (like a ship). "Salve" is medical. "Relieve" is alleviating pain.

    The act of shouting a warning to prevent an accident is an act of rescue. The man is brought to safety (he wasn't hit). Sense 3's definition "bring into safety" is the most precise fit for saving a pedestrian from a vehicle. The example "We pulled through most of the victims..." confirms this sense applies to human rescue from physical disasters.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the best choice.

    *Self-Correction/Double Check:* Is Sense 1 the "rescue" sense?
    Let's look at WordNet 3.0 structure usually.
    Often Sense 1 in the user prompt corresponds to a specific synset.
    sense_key=save%2:41:01:: -> "save from ruin..."
    sense_key=save%2:41:00:: -> "bring into safety"

    Wait, usually "rescue" is defined as "save from harm" or similar.
    If I check standard WN mappings:
    00059890-v (rescue, deliver) -> take forcibly from physical harm/danger.
    01952710-v (save) -> save from ruin/destruction/harm (salvage).
    01952614-v (save) -> bring into safety.

    Let's re-read the prompt's candidates.
    Sense 3 (index 3): "bring into safety" | synonyms: carry through, pull through, bring through.
    This aligns with "rescue". The example "victims of the bomb attack" matches the context of "victim of a near-truck accident".

    Sense 1 (index 1): "save from ruin, destruction, or harm" | synonyms: salvage, salve, relieve.
    "Salvage" is often used for saving a sinking ship or a bad situation. "Salve" is to soothe. "Relieve" is to alleviate.
    While Sense 1's definition ("save from harm") seems to fit, the synonyms suggest a slightly different nuance (salvage/salve/relieve vs carry through/bring through).
    Sense 3's synonyms (pull through, bring through) fit the "rescue" scenario much better. "We pulled through the victims" is very close to "He saved the man".

    The specific act of preventing a fatality on the road ("man he saved" from being "hit") is a rescue. He brought him into safety.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turned
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved <t>turned</t> and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the different senses to determine which one best fits the usage of "turned" in this sentence.

Context: "Then the man he saved <t>turned</t> and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

In this context, the man physically changes his orientation or direction to face the truck driver. He's literally turning his body to look at someone.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face

This sense is about changing orientation or direction, which seems to fit. The example "The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face" is particularly relevant as it involves a physical turning action similar to the context.

2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election

This sense is about more abstract transformations or changes of position/action, which doesn't fit the context as well.

3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy

This sense is about transformation or development, not a physical turning action.

4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way

This sense is about causing something else to move or rotate, not about one's own physical turning.

5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him

This is about reversing or changing to the contrary, not a physical turning action.

6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle

This sense is about moving around or passing something, not about changing orientation.

7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry

This sense is about changing states or conditions, not a physical turning action.

8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate

This is about releasing something from a container, not relevant to the context.

9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning

This sense is about rotating around an axis, which is not exactly what's happening in the context.

10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book

This is about causing something to rotate to show another side, not about one's own physical turning.

11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion

This is about sending away or dismissing, not relevant to the context.

12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring

This is about agricultural work, not relevant to the context.

13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel

This is about shaping materials, not relevant to the context.

14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early

This is about color change, not relevant to the context.

15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder

This is about causing injury by twisting, not relevant to the context.

16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold

This is about causing transformation, not relevant to the context.

17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels

This is about performing acrobatic movements, not relevant to the context.

18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year

This is about making profits, not relevant to the context.

19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around

This is similar to sense 1 but focuses on causing something to move, rather than changing one's own orientation.

20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium

This is about directing attention or interest, not a physical turning action.

21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid

This is about shaping or bending objects, not relevant to the context.

22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down

This is about adjusting settings, not relevant to the context.

23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car

This is about directing something at someone, not about physical turning.

24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help

This is about seeking help, not relevant to the context.

25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked

This is about food spoilage, not relevant to the context.

26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

This is about aging, not relevant to the context.

Based on my analysis, sense 1 (turn%2:38:00::) seems to be the best fit:
"change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense"
The example "The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face" is particularly relevant as it involves a physical turning action similar to the context where the man turns to look at the truck driver.

So the best indexed sense for the target word in context is sense 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look
Target surface form: looked
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and <t>looked</t> squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards | examples=She looked over the expanse of land; Look at your child!
2. sense_key=look%2:39:01:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=appear, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
3. sense_key=look%2:29:00:: | definition=have a certain outward or facial expression | examples=How does she look?; The child looks unhappy
4. sense_key=look%2:39:02:: | definition=search or seek | synonyms=search | examples=We looked all day and finally found the child in the forest; Look elsewhere for the perfect gift!
5. sense_key=look%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, face | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
6. sense_key=look%2:41:13:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
7. sense_key=look%2:32:00:: | definition=convey by one's expression | examples=She looked her devotion to me
8. sense_key=look%2:31:00:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=expect, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
9. sense_key=look%2:42:02:: | definition=accord in appearance with | examples=You don't look your age!
10. sense_key=look%2:31:02:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, calculate, reckon | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** look
    *   **Target Surface Form:** looked
    *   **Context Sentence:** "Then the man he saved turned and <t>looked</t> squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."
    *   **Situation:** A man (who was saved by Haney) turns to face a truck driver who is angry and swearing. The man gazes "squarely into the truck driver's face" silently.

2.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `look%2:39:00::` | Definition: "perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards" | Examples: "She looked over the expanse of land", "Look at your child!"
        *   *Analysis:* The sentence says he "looked squarely into the truck driver's face". This involves physically directing his gaze towards a specific object (the driver's face). It fits the core definition of using one's eyes to focus on something. The adverb "squarely" modifies the manner of looking, implying a direct gaze.

    *   **Sense 2:** `look%2:39:01::` | Definition: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" | Synonyms: appear, seem.
        *   *Analysis:* This is copular usage (e.g., "He looked angry"). The context uses "looked ... into the truck driver's face", which is transitive/directional, not copular. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `look%2:29:00::` | Definition: "have a certain outward or facial expression" | Examples: "The child looks unhappy".
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 2, this refers to the state of appearance. While the man might have had a facial expression, the verb in the text is describing the action of directing the gaze, not the state of his appearance. The syntax "looked ... into" rules this out.

    *   **Sense 4:** `look%2:39:02::` | Definition: "search or seek" | Synonyms: search.
        *   *Analysis:* He isn't searching for the truck driver's face; he is looking *at* it. This sense usually involves "look for" or looking around to find something.

    *   **Sense 5:** `look%2:42:00::` | Definition: "be oriented in a certain direction..." | Synonyms: front, face.
        *   *Analysis:* This usually applies to buildings or static objects (e.g., "The house looks north"). While it can apply to people facing a direction, the specific construction "looked into the truck driver's face" implies the active perceptual sense (Sense 1) rather than just orientation. However, one could argue "faced squarely," but "looked into" strongly suggests the act of seeing/watching. Sense 1 is more precise for the action of the eyes.

    *   **Sense 6:** `look%2:41:13::` | Definition: "take charge of or deal with" | Synonyms: attend, take care.
        *   *Analysis:* Phrasal verbs like "look after", "look into". Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 7:** `look%2:32:00::` | Definition: "convey by one's expression" | Examples: "She looked her devotion to me".
        *   *Analysis:* This is a specific transitive usage where the direct object is the emotion/message. Here, the object is "into the truck driver's face". This is a locative/prepositional structure, not the "looked [emotion]" structure.

    *   **Sense 8:** `look%2:31:00::` | Definition: "look forward to the probable occurrence of" | Synonyms: expect.
        *   *Analysis:* Phrasal usage "look to". Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 9:** `look%2:42:02::` | Definition: "accord in appearance with" | Examples: "You don't look your age!".
        *   *Analysis:* Copular comparison. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 10:** `look%2:31:02::` | Definition: "have faith or confidence in" | Synonyms: count, depend.
        *   *Analysis:* Phrasal "look to". Not applicable.

3.  **Refine Decision:**
    The context describes a physical action: "turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face". This involves turning the head and eyes to fixate on the driver. This is the prototypical action of seeing/watching.
    Sense 1 ("perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards") matches perfectly. The example "She looked over the expanse of land" parallels "looked ... into the truck driver's face".

    Let's double-check Sense 5 ("be oriented... be opposite to"). If I say "He faced the driver," that's Sense 5 (front/face). But "looked" implies the engagement of the eyes/sight more than just body orientation. The WordNet hierarchy for Sense 1 puts it under perception. The hierarchy for Sense 5 puts it under stasis/position. The narrative context emphasizes the interaction (stopping the swearing through a silent gaze), which relies on the act of looking/perceiving, not just the direction the nose is pointing. Sense 1 is the standard, active perception sense.

    Candidate 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output:**
    JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}