[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Target lemma: "time"
    *   Target surface form: "times"
    *   Context snippet: "...patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses medical trials, specifically the survival rates/durations of patients with different types of cancer (malignant pleural mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer).
    *   The specific phrase is "longer survival times" (and "shorter survival times" later).
    *   "Survival time" refers to the duration from the start of treatment (or diagnosis) until death. It is a measurement of length of life.
    *   The phrase "survival times" here is plural. It refers to the measured durations of life for multiple patients or multiple instances of measuring this duration.
    *   It denotes a span, duration, or period during which the patients survived.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: an instance or single occasion for some event (examples: "this time he succeeded")*
        *   Does "survival times" fit here? "Times" here refers to instances. For example, "he survived 5 times" would mean 5 separate occasions of danger.
        *   However, the context says "survival time was 12.1 months". It refers to a *duration*. "Longer survival times" means longer durations of survival. It does not mean "more occasions of survival".
        *   Rejection: Not a count of occasions.

    *   *Sense 2: a period of time considered as a resource... (examples: "take time to smell the roses")*
        *   This is about time as a commodity or resource to be spent or managed.
        *   While survival time is "time" the patient has, the sense here is specifically about the *duration* or *span* of survival, not the abstract resource concept of "finding time to do something".
        *   Rejection: Not quite fitting the scientific measurement context.

    *   *Sense 3: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) (examples: "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting")*
        *   Definition: "an indefinite period... marked by specific attributes or activities".
        *   Context: "survival times". These are periods marked by the activity of "survival".
        *   The phrase "longer survival times" essentially means "longer periods of survival".
        *   The examples in WordNet ("he waited a long time") map well to "a long time" (duration).
        *   Let's look at the other candidates to see if there's a specific definition for duration or lifespan.

    *   *Sense 4: a suitable moment (examples: "it is time to go")*
        *   Rejection: Not about opportunity/timing.

    *   *Sense 5: the continuum of experience... (future through present to past)*
        *   Rejection: Abstract physics/philosophy concept. Not specific measurement.

    *   *Sense 6: a person's experience on a particular occasion (examples: "they had a good time")*
        *   Rejection: Idiomatic usage for enjoyment.

    *   *Sense 7: a reading of a point in time as given by a clock*
        *   Rejection: Not "what time is it?".

    *   *Sense 8: the fourth coordinate...*
        *   Rejection: Physics dimension.

    *   *Sense 9: rhythm...*
        *   Rejection: Music/meter.

    *   *Sense 10: the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned*
        *   Rejection: Specific to prison.

4.  **Re-evaluating Sense 3 vs Sense 1:**
    *   The word form is plural "times".
    *   In Sense 1, "times" usually means instances/occasions. Example: "He called four times" (four separate events).
    *   In Sense 3, "time" usually refers to a period. Example: "he waited a long time". Note that "time" in "long time" is often singular mass noun, but can be plural "long times" in specific contexts (though rare in simple conversation, common in scientific contexts like "reaction times", "survival times").
    *   In the phrase "survival times", "times" refers to the lengths/durations of the survival periods.
    *   Sense 3 defines it as "an indefinite period...". "Survival time" is a period marked by survival.
    *   Does Sense 1 ("an instance") apply?
        *   If I say "reaction times were fast", I mean the duration of the reactions.
        *   If I say "he visited three times", I mean three instances.
        *   "Survival times" refers to the *duration* of the survival period (e.g., 12.1 months), not the number of times the patient survived something (which implies surviving an acute event multiple times). The context describes patients surviving for a duration (months).
    *   Therefore, the core meaning is the *period* or *duration*.
    *   Sense 3 covers "period". Even though the examples are singular ("a long time"), the definition "an indefinite period" aligns with "survival time" being a period. When pluralized in scientific texts ("survival times"), it refers to multiple periods/durations measured.

5.  **Checking Synonyms/Examples for Sense 3:**
    *   Definition: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities).
    *   "Survival time" is a period marked by the attribute of survival.
    *   This fits the semantic structure of "duration".

    Let's check if there is a better fit.
    Sense 1: "an instance or single occasion".
    Could "times" in "survival times" be instances of survival?
    If a patient survives for 12 months, that is one "survival time" (duration).
    If we talk about a group of patients, we collect their "survival times" (durations).
    If Sense 1 were applied, it might imply "occasions of survival". But in mesothelioma/NSCLC contexts, survival is usually a continuous state until death. It isn't a series of events where you count "how many times did he survive?". You measure "how long did he survive?".
    Therefore, it is a measurement of a period.
    Sense 3 ("a period of time") is the closest. "He waited a long time" measures duration. "The survival time was 12.1 months" measures duration.

    Let's verify Sense 2 again. "Resource under your control". Patients aren't controlling this time as a resource to accomplish something in this specific phrasing. It's a measurement of outcome.

    Let's verify Sense 1 again. "Instance".
    Examples: "this time he succeeded".
    Synonyms: "clip" (rate?).
    Sometimes "time" implies "instance" in scientific contexts (e.g., "times of measurement").
    But "survival time" is a compound term for *lifespan* or *duration*.
    Is there a "lifespan" or "duration" sense?
    Sense 3 ("an indefinite period") is the generic "duration/period" sense in WordNet.
    "A long time" = Duration.
    "Survival time" = Survival duration.
    This aligns with Sense 3.

    Note on Plurality: WordNet entries often treat the singular form as the lemma. The plural "times" in this context refers to multiple instances of the "period" concept defined in Sense 3. While "times" can often be Sense 1 (instances), here the semantic head is the duration aspect of the survival period.

    Let's look at the "longer survival times" phrase.
    Longer = duration adjective.
    Times = periods.
    "He waited a long time" (Sense 3).
    "They had longer survival times" -> "They had longer periods of survival".
    Sense 3 fits best.

    Let's double check Sense 1 "clip".
    "He called four times" -> 4 instances.
    "Longer survival times" -> Longer instances?
    "Instance" suggests a point in a sequence.
    "Period" suggests a span.
    Survival time is a span.
    Therefore Sense 3 (Period) is correct over Sense 1 (Instance).

    Let's double check Sense 5 "continuum".
    "Time passes."
    "Survival times" are specific durations within the continuum.
    Sense 3 is more specific (period).

    Final decision: Sense 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contrast
Target surface form: contrast
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target word is "contrast" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses medical study results (survival times, treatments for lung cancer).
    *   Previous sentences show comparisons: Alimta vs. cisplatin alone, Alimta vs. docetaxel.
    *   The sentence containing the target is: "In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
    *   The phrase "In contrast" signals a transition. The previous paragraph discussed patients with non-squamous cell cancer (longer survival with Alimta). This paragraph discusses patients with squamous cell cancer (shorter survival with Alimta).
    *   The function of "contrast" here is to highlight the opposition or difference in outcomes between two groups being compared.
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `contrast%1:24:00::` | Definition: "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared" | Synonyms: "direct contrast" | Examples: "in contrast to", "by contrast".
        *   *Analysis:* The phrase used is "In contrast". The context involves comparing two groups and showing a dissimilarity/opposite outcome. This matches the definition and the specific example phrase "in contrast to" (which is syntactically close to "In contrast"). This seems very strong.
    *   **Sense 2:** `contrast%1:04:00::` | Definition: "the act of distinguishing by comparing differences".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the *act* or process. While the text involves the act of comparing, the word "contrast" in the phrase "In contrast" refers to the state of opposition/dissimilarity itself, not the act of performing the distinction. Sense 1 is a better fit for the result/state being highlighted.
    *   **Sense 3:** `contrast%1:09:01::` | Definition: "a conceptual separation or distinction" | Synonyms: "line, dividing line, demarcation".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a boundary or a distinction (like a line between sanity and insanity). The text isn't talking about drawing a line or a conceptual separation in that abstract way; it's highlighting a difference in data outcomes.
    *   **Sense 4:** `contrast%1:09:00::` | Definition: "the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors".
        *   *Analysis:* This is specific to color/visual art. Not applicable here.
    *   **Sense 5:** `contrast%1:07:00::` | Definition: "the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative...".
        *   *Analysis:* This is specific to photography/display technology. Not applicable here.
4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly. It defines the relationship of opposition/dissimilarity between compared entities. The context explicitly compares patients (non-squamous vs. squamous) and highlights the opposition of results (longer survival vs. shorter survival). The example "in contrast to" aligns with the usage "In contrast".
5.  **Format Output:** The user requested a JSON object with the index.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.
    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Task: Fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD).
    *   Target lemma: "patient".
    *   Target surface form: "patients".
    *   Context: A medical text discussing clinical trials of Alimta and cisplatin for lung cancer treatment, comparing survival times.
    *   Candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (noun, standard medical definition).
        *   Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" (noun, linguistic/semantic role definition).
    *   Constraint: Return only a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`. No hedging. No sense key in the output.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text is about medical treatment ("receiving Alimta", "survived", "treatment", "chemotherapy", "cancer").
    *   The target word "patients" appears in the phrase: "In contrast, *patients* whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..."
    *   The surrounding sentences talk about "Patients receiving Alimta", "treatment of patients", "patients who had received chemotherapy".
    *   The word refers to people undergoing medical treatment or observation.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (patient%1:18:00::):**
        *   Definition: "a person who requires medical care".
        *   Examples: "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly".
        *   Fit: This perfectly matches the usage. The text describes people with lung cancer receiving drugs (Alimta, cisplatin, docetaxel) and being monitored for survival time. They are recipients of medical care.

    *   **Sense 2 (patient%1:10:00::):**
        *   Definition: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause".
        *   Synonyms: "affected role, patient role".
        *   Fit: This is a linguistic/grammatical definition referring to semantic roles (like 'patient' in "John hit the ball", where 'the ball' is the patient). While the people in the text are semantically the "patients" of the treatment (in the linguistic sense of being the undergoers), the *word* "patients" here is used to denote the *people* acting in that role, not the abstract grammatical concept itself. In WSD, when we encounter the word "patient" in a medical text, it refers to the person (Sense 1), not the linguistic category (Sense 2). Sense 2 would be used in a linguistics textbook (e.g., "The verb 'break' takes a patient argument").

4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context is clearly medical/clinical.
    *   The target word refers to human beings undergoing treatment.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard noun definition for a person under medical care.
    *   Sense 2 is a technical linguistic term.
    *   The text is not analyzing grammar; it is reporting clinical results.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The request asks for a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Task:** Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD).
    *   **Target Lemma:** `cancer`.
    *   **Target Surface Form:** `cancer`.
    *   **Context:** A medical text discussing clinical trials of Alimta and cisplatin for treating "non-small cell lung cancer", survival times, chemotherapy, squamous cells, etc.
    *   **Candidate Senses:** 5 distinct WordNet senses (disease, astrological sign person, constellation, zodiac sign, genus of crab).
    *   **Output Format:** JSON `{"sense_index": integer}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin..." -> Medical context.
    *   "...treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer..." -> Explicit mention of the disease.
    *   "...patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells..." -> Refers to the pathological condition affecting specific cells.
    *   The text discusses survival times, chemotherapy, and malignant growths.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `cancer%1:26:00::` - Definition: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." Synonyms: "malignant neoplastic disease".
    *   **Sense 2:** `cancer%1:18:00::` - Definition: "(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer". Synonyms: "Crab".
    *   **Sense 3:** `cancer%1:17:00::` - Definition: "a small zodiacal constellation...". Synonyms: None listed, but implies astronomy.
    *   **Sense 4:** `cancer%1:15:00::` - Definition: "the fourth sign of the zodiac...". Synonyms: "Cancer the Crab".
    *   **Sense 5:** `cancer%1:05:00::` - Definition: "type genus of the family Cancridae". Synonyms: "genus Cancer" (biological taxonomy for crabs).

4.  **Matching Context to Senses:**
    *   The context is explicitly about a medical condition (lung cancer), survival, and treatment.
    *   "Lung cancer" matches Sense 1's definition of malignant growth/tumor.
    *   "Patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells" refers to the disease process.
    *   Senses 2, 3, and 4 relate to astrology/astronomy (zodiac signs, constellations). This does not fit a medical study context.
    *   Sense 5 relates to crabs (crustaceans). This does not fit.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The target word "cancer" refers to the disease.
    *   This corresponds to Sense 1.

6.  **Final Output Generation:**
    *   The index corresponding to the disease sense is 1.
    *   Format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** affect
    *   **Target surface form:** affecting
    *   **Context:** The text discusses medical trials for lung cancer drugs (Alimta vs. comparators). Specifically, it talks about survival times based on the type of cancer (squamous vs. non-squamous).
    *   **Specific phrase:** "...patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells..."
    *   **Meaning in context:** The cancer is physically impacting, involving, or attacking the squamous cells. It refers to the biological/physiological interaction or influence of the cancer on specific cell types.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `affect%2:30:00::` | definition: "have an effect upon" | synonyms: impact, bear upon, touch on, touch | examples: "Will the new rules affect me?"
        *   *Analysis:* This is a very general sense. It fits broadly. The cancer has an effect upon the squamous cells. However, WordNet often distinguishes between general influence and physical action or emotional impact. Let's look at the others.

    *   **Sense 2:** `affect%2:29:00::` | definition: "act physically on; have an effect upon" | examples: "the medicine affects my heart rate"
        *   *Analysis:* This sense specifies "act physically on". The context is medical/biological: cancer affecting cells. The example "the medicine affects my heart rate" is highly analogous to "cancer affecting squamous cells". It implies a direct physical interaction or physiological impact.

    *   **Sense 3:** `affect%2:42:00::` | definition: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" | synonyms: involve, regard | examples: "This new ruling affects your business"
        *   *Analysis:* This is about relevance or implication, often in a legal or social sense. Not appropriate for cancer affecting cells.

    *   **Sense 4:** `affect%2:32:00::` | definition: "make believe with the intent to deceive" | synonyms: feign, sham, pretend | examples: "He feigned that he was ill"
        *   *Analysis:* This is the "affect" related to affectation or pretending. Clearly wrong here.

    *   **Sense 5:** `affect%2:37:00::` | definition: "have an emotional or cognitive impact upon" | synonyms: impress, move, strike | examples: "This child impressed me as unusually mature"
        *   *Analysis:* This relates to emotions or cognition. Cells do not have emotions. Not appropriate.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is the superordinate generic sense ("have an effect upon").
    *   Sense 2 is more specific ("act physically on; have an effect upon").
    *   In medical contexts involving physiological processes (cancer acting on cells, drugs acting on the body), Sense 2 is the standard disambiguation choice in WordNet-based annotation tasks. The example "the medicine affects my heart rate" strongly correlates with "cancer was affecting squamous cells". Both involve a physical agent acting on a biological entity.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context describes a physical/biological process.
    *   Sense 2 explicitly includes "act physically on".
    *   The example for Sense 2 is medical.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the precise choice over the generic Sense 1.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Chosen index: 2.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: short (comparative form: shorter).
    *   Context phrase: "had shorter survival times".
    *   Domain: Medical/Clinical trial results.
    *   Meaning in context: The duration of survival was less. 8.3 months vs 7.9 months etc. It's about the length of time patients lived.

2.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration" -> Examples: "a short life", "a short flight". This matches "shorter survival times" perfectly. Survival time is a duration.
    *   *Sense 2:* "(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length" -> Examples: "short skirts". This is spatial. Survival time is not spatial length.
    *   *Sense 3:* "low in stature; not tall" -> Examples: "short and stocky". Refers to physical height. Not applicable.
    *   *Sense 4:* "not sufficient to meet a need" -> Examples: "inadequate income". This is about sufficiency/quality. While a short life is unfortunate, "shorter" here is a measurement of duration, not necessarily a judgment of sufficiency in the sense of "inadequate salary".
    *   *Sense 5:* "(of memory) deficient in retentiveness..." -> Not about memory.
    *   *Sense 6:* "not holding securities..." -> Finance context. Not applicable.
    *   *Sense 7:* "of speech sounds..." -> Phonetics. Not applicable.
    *   *Sense 8:* "less than the correct or legal or full amount..." -> Examples: "a light pound". Measurement of quantity/weight, often implying cheating or error. Not the primary meaning of time duration here.
    *   *Sense 9:* "lacking foresight..." -> Metaphorical. Not applicable.
    *   *Sense 10:* "tending to crumble..." -> Cooking texture. Not applicable.
    *   *Sense 11:* "marked by rude or peremptory shortness" -> Behavior. Not applicable.

3.  **Select the best match:**
    *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions "primarily temporal sense" and "limited in duration".
    *   The context discusses "survival times" (months).
    *   The example "a short life" under Sense 1 is semantically very close to "shorter survival times".

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target lemma:** survival.
    *   **Target surface form:** survival.
    *   **Context:** A medical text discussing cancer treatments (Alimta, cisplatin, docetaxel) and patient outcomes. Specifically, it discusses "survival times", "average survival", and comparing how long patients lived after treatment.
    *   **Candidate senses:**
        *   Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" (synonyms: endurance).
        *   Sense 2: "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment" (synonyms: survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection).
        *   Sense 3: "something that survives".

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta."
    *   The phrase "survival times" is key. It refers to the duration of time a patient remains alive after treatment.
    *   Earlier in the text: "Patients ... survived for an average of 12.1 months", "average survival time was 8.3 months".
    *   This clearly refers to the act or state of staying alive, not a biological evolutionary process (Sense 2) and not a specific object or remnant that survives (Sense 3).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a state of surviving; remaining alive".
        *   Does it fit? Yes. "Shorter survival times" means a shorter duration of remaining alive. The state of remaining alive is being measured.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment".
        *   Does it fit? No. This is about Darwinian evolution. The text is about clinical oncology.
    *   **Sense 3:** "something that survives".
        *   Does it fit? No. This usually refers to a custom, a belief, or an object remaining from an earlier time (e.g., "a survival from the colonial era"). In this medical context, we are talking about the duration of life, not a physical object.

4.  **Select Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the definition of the state of remaining alive, which corresponds perfectly to the medical usage of "survival" in "survival time" or "survival rate".

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user requests a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

6.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: Medical study on lung cancer.
    *   Usage: "shorter survival times".
    *   Meaning: Duration of life remaining alive.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "a state of surviving; remaining alive". Match confirmed.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "times" in the context "shorter survival times".
The context discusses "average survival time" and "longer survival times" / "shorter survival times".
"Survival time" refers to the length or period of time a patient survives.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an instance or single occasion for some event (e.g., called four times) - Not this.
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control - Not this.
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) - This could be a period of time, like "he waited a long time".
4. a suitable moment - Not this.
5. the continuum of experience - Not this.
6. a person's experience on a particular occasion - Not this.
7. a reading of a point in time - Not this.
8. the fourth coordinate - Not this.
9. rhythm - Not this.
10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned - Not this.

Wait, "survival time" is a period of time. Which sense fits best?
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - examples: "he waited a long time", "the time of year for planting". A period of time.
Are there other senses?
None of the others fit "a period/duration of time" well, except maybe sense 3.
Wait, could "time" mean duration? Let's check WordNet for "time".
Sense 1: time%1:11:00:: (instance/occasion)
Sense 2: time%1:28:05:: (time resource)
Sense 3: time%1:28:00:: (indefinite period)
Sense 4: time%1:28:06:: (suitable moment)
Sense 5: time%1:03:00:: (continuum)
Sense 6: time%1:11:01:: (experience)
Sense 7: time%1:28:03:: (clock time)
Sense 8: time%1:28:04:: (fourth coordinate)
Sense 9: time%1:07:01:: (rhythm)
Sense 10: time%1:28:01:: (prison term)

"Survival times" refers to the periods of time that patients survive. Sense 3 is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". This is the closest to "duration" or "period of time".
Let's verify sense 3.
"Survival time" is a period of time marked by a specific attribute: survival.
Therefore, sense 3 is the best choice.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
kalgebra is a <t>mathematical</t> calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "mathematical"
    *   Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
    *   The phrase is "mathematical calculator". The calculator performs arithmetic, logical operations, and graphs. It is based on MathML (Mathematical Markup Language).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `mathematical%3:01:00::`
        *   Definition: "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics"
        *   Examples: "a mathematical textbook", "slide rules and other mathematical instruments"
        *   Fit: A calculator used for mathematics fits this definition perfectly. It is an instrument pertaining to mathematics. MathML is a mathematical language.

    *   **Sense 2:** `mathematical%3:00:00::`
        *   Definition: "relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers"
        *   Synonyms: "numerical"
        *   Examples: "tests for rating numerical aptitude", "a mathematical whiz"
        *   Fit: While the calculator works with numbers, "mathematical calculator" usually refers to the domain (mathematics) rather than the specific cognitive ability to work with numbers (which "numerical" often implies in contexts like "numerical aptitude"). However, calculators are often associated with numerical calculations. But Sense 1 covers the broader scope of the domain (MathML, graphs, arithmetic, logic), whereas Sense 2 seems more focused on human aptitude or purely numerical aspects (e.g., numerical analysis vs pure math). Let's look closer at the examples. "A mathematical whiz" implies a person. "Mathematical calculator" implies a tool for the domain. Sense 1's examples ("mathematical instruments") align better with "calculator".

    *   **Sense 3:** `mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00`
        *   Definition: "beyond question"
        *   Examples: "a mathematical certainty"
        *   Fit: This is an adjective describing the nature of a certainty/proof (absolute). The context describes a type of calculator. Not a fit.

    *   **Sense 4:** `mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00`
        *   Definition: "statistically possible though highly improbable"
        *   Examples: "have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs"
        *   Fit: This describes probability/odds. The context describes a calculator. Not a fit.

    *   **Sense 5:** `mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00`
        *   Definition: "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics"
        *   Examples: "mathematical precision"
        *   Fit: This describes a quality of precision. While a calculator might be precise, "mathematical calculator" refers to the subject matter it handles, not necessarily the precision itself.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: Pertaining to the nature of mathematics. Examples: "mathematical instruments". A calculator is an instrument used for mathematics.
    *   Sense 2: Relating to working with numbers. Synonyms: "numerical".
    *   Context clues: The text mentions "MathML language", "arithmetic and logical", "graphs". This is broader than just "numerical". MathML stands for *Mathematical* Markup Language. It handles the field of mathematics. "Mathematical calculator" is a standard compound noun phrase indicating a tool for the discipline of mathematics.
    *   WordNet 3.0 distinctions often separate the domain sense (Sense 1 here, pertainym "mathematics") from the numerical/quantitative sense (Sense 2 here).
    *   Example "slide rules and other mathematical instruments" in Sense 1 is the closest proxy to "mathematical calculator".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

4.  **Construct the JSON output:**
    *   The best sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator [based] on content markup MathML language."
    *   The subject is "kalgebra" (a mathematical calculator/software).
    *   The target word is "based" (past participle functioning as an adjective or part of a passive construction).
    *   The preposition "on" follows "based".
    *   The object of the preposition is "content markup MathML language".
    *   Meaning: Kalgebra is founded/constructed/developed using MathML as its underlying support or foundation.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `base%2:31:00::` | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation.
        *   "Found on" fits perfectly with "based on".
        *   The example "base a claim on some observation" parallels "base a calculator on MathML". The claim relies on observation; the calculator relies on MathML.
        *   Synonyms "establish, ground, found" align with the relationship of the software being built upon the language.
    *   **Sense 2**: `base%2:42:04::` | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab.
        *   This sense usually refers to physical location or headquarters (e.g., "based in New York", "base troops in the region").
        *   The preposition used here is typically "in" or "at", not "on".
        *   While "project" is abstract, the context is "center of operations". MathML is not a location for Kalgebra to have its center of operations.
    *   **Sense 3**: `base%2:34:00::` | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base.
        *   This is specific to drug usage. Clearly incorrect in this context.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Context**:
    *   Context: "based on content markup MathML language".
    *   Sense 1 Definition: "use as a basis for; found on".
    *   This is a clear match. The calculator is founded/grounded on the MathML language.

4.  **Select the best indexed sense**:
    *   Index 1 matches the meaning "found on".

5.  **Format Output**: JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capable
Target surface form: capable
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target: "capable" (adjective).
    *   Context: "Kalgebra is a mathematical calculator... Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations..."
    *   Meaning in context: The software (Kalgebra) has the ability/functionality to perform operations and graphs. It "can" do these things.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work.
        *   Note: The context says "capable *to make*", whereas sense 1 usually follows with "of" (capable *of* making). However, the definition "having capacity or ability" fits perfectly. In technical English, usage varies between "capable of [gerund]" and sometimes "capable to [infinitive]" (though "able to" is preferred for infinitives). The core meaning here is *having the capacity/ability*.

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation.
        *   This refers to susceptibility (passive capability). Kalgebra isn't "susceptible" to making operations; it actively *performs* them. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder.
        *   This refers to moral capacity or inclination, usually regarding negative actions or character traits. Kalgebra is software; it doesn't have temperament. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task.
        *   This implies sufficiency ("good enough" or "adequate"). While Kalgebra is capable, the context emphasizes the *existence* of functionality (it *can* do it), not necessarily the evaluation of whether it meets a standard of adequacy (though it might imply it). However, compare this to Sense 1. Sense 1 is about "having capacity or ability". Sense 4 is about being "equal to the task". The context "capable to make simple operations" is about functionality/ability.

    *   **Sense 5:** definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator.
        *   This sense usually applies to people (competence/skill). "A capable administrator" implies skill. Software doesn't have "skills" or "qualifications" in the human sense, though it is "able".

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 5:**
    *   Sense 1 is the general "having capacity or ability".
    *   Sense 5 is "competent/skilled" (usually applied to agents/people).
    *   The context is about a calculator (software) having the *functionality* or *capacity* to perform tasks.
    *   In WordNet hierarchies, "capable" often splits into "having capacity/ability" (general) and "competent/skilled" (human quality).
    *   The usage "capable to make" (infinitive) is non-standard (standard is "capable of making" or "able to make"). The non-standard usage suggests a conflation of "able" and "capable".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "having capacity or ability". This fits the software context best. A machine has the *capacity* to operate.
    *   Sense 5 definition: "have the skills... to do things well". Software executes code; it doesn't possess "skills" in the way a teacher does.
    *   Sense 4 definition: "having the requisite qualities for". This is close, but often implies "adequacy".
    *   Let's look at the "capable of" vs "capable to" distinction in WordNet senses.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions "usually followed by 'of'".
    *   Sense 5 synonyms include "able". The context uses "capable to make", which is the syntax for "able". This might suggest mapping to Sense 5 if we assume the author meant "able".
    *   However, looking at the definitions strictly:
        *   Sense 1: Capacity or ability (General capability).
        *   Sense 5: Skills/competence (Human-like quality).
    *   Software *has the capacity* to run operations. It fits Sense 1 best semantically, even if the preposition "to" is unusual (should be "of").
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1. "capable of winning". This is about potential/power.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 4. "equal to the task". This is about sufficiency.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 5. "able teachers". Competence.
    *   In WSD tasks, "capable" applied to tools/machines usually maps to the general ability sense (Sense 1). The definition "having capacity or ability" is the most direct fit for a machine functioning.
    *   Let's check the indices provided in the prompt.
        *   Sense 1: capable%3:00:00::
        *   Sense 5: capable%5:00:00:competent:00
    *   The usage "capable to make" is actually ungrammatical for standard "capable" (which takes "of"). It sounds like the writer meant "able".
    *   If the writer meant "able", does that map to Sense 5? Sense 5 has the synonym "able".
    *   However, the word used is "capable". We must disambiguate "capable".
    *   Does Kalgebra have *capacity* (Sense 1) or *competence* (Sense 5)?
    *   It has the functional capacity.
    *   Let's look at the distinction between 1 and 5 again.
        *   1: having capacity or ability (potential/ability).
        *   5: skilled/competent (doing things well).
    *   "Kalgebra is capable to make simple MathML operations". It just means it has the ability to do it. It doesn't necessarily imply it does it *well* (competence), just that the functionality exists.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the strongest fit for "having capacity or ability".

    *   Refining the choice:
        *   The prompt notes "WordNet glosses are schematic".
        *   Sense 1 definition: "having capacity or ability".
        *   Context: "It is capable to make...".
        *   The meaning is "It is able to make...".
        *   If we look at the examples for Sense 1: "capable of winning".
        *   If we look at the examples for Sense 5: "capable administrator".
        *   Inanimate objects/instruments usually fall under Sense 1 (capacity/ability) or Sense 4 (fitness). Sense 5 is predominantly animate.
        *   Since Kalgebra is software, Sense 5 is unlikely (requires skills/qualifications).
        *   Sense 4 ("equal to the task") implies meeting a challenge. The sentence describes features ("nowadays it is capable to make..."). It's a statement of feature existence.
        *   Sense 1 ("having capacity or ability") covers feature existence.

    *   Let's verify the indexing. The prompt lists them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
    *   Sense 1 seems the intended target.
    *   Sense 5 is a distractor if one considers "able" as a synonym. But "competence" is not the primary reading here; "ability" is.

    *   Let's check if "capable to" triggers Sense 5 because "able to" is the phrase?
    *   If the text was "Kalgebra is able to make...", the sense of "able" would be "having the physical/intellectual ability".
    *   The text uses "capable".
    *   Sense 1: "having capacity or ability". This matches the meaning perfectly, despite the preposition error in the source text ("capable to" instead of "capable of"). The meaning is clearly "having the ability".
    *   Sense 5: "skills and qualifications... to do things well". This adds a qualitative judgment ("well") and implies skills. Software has functionality, not skills.

    *   Conclusion: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."

The target word is "make" in the phrase "make simple MathML operations".

This is about performing/executing mathematical operations. The software is capable of doing/performing operations.

Let me look at the senses:

1. engage in - examples: make love, not war; make an effort
2. give certain properties to something - examples: get someone mad
3. make or cause to be or to become - examples: make a mess
4. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner
5. give rise to; cause to happen or occur
6. create or manufacture a man-made product
7. make, formulate, or derive in the mind
8. compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way
9. create by artistic means
10. earn on some commercial or business transaction
11. create or design, often in a certain way
12. to compose or represent
13. reach a goal
14. be or be capable of being changed
15. make by shaping or bringing together constituents
16. perform or carry out - examples: make a decision; make a move
17. make by combining materials and parts
18. change from one form into another
19. act in a certain way so as to acquire
20. charge with a function
21. achieve a point or goal
22. reach a destination
23. institute, enact, or establish
24. carry out or commit - examples: make a mistake
25. form by assembling individuals
26. organize or be responsible for
27. put in order or neaten
28. head into a specified direction
29. have a bowel movement
30. undergo fabrication
31. be suitable for
32. add up to
33. amount to
34. constitute the essence of
35. appear to begin an activity
36. proceed along a path
37. reach in time
38. gather and light the materials for
39. prepare for eating
40. induce to have sex
41. assure the success of
42. represent fictitiously
43. consider as being
44. calculate as being
45. cause to be enjoyable
46. favor the development of
47. develop into
48. behave in a certain way
49. eliminate urine

The phrase "make operations" means to perform/carry out operations. This is closest to sense 16: "perform or carry out" with examples "make a decision; make a move".

The phrase "make operations" is about executing/performing mathematical operations. Sense 16 seems to fit best - it's about performing or carrying out an action.

Sense 1 "engage in" could also work (make love, make an effort), but sense 16 is more specifically about performing specific actions/operations.

I'll go with sense 16.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make <t>simple</t> MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "simple" in the context:
"kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence talks about "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)"
- The operations described are "arithmetic and logical" which are basic, fundamental operations
- The context suggests these are basic, straightforward operations - not complex ones
- The paragraph goes on to mention that you don't need to know MathML to use kalgebra, suggesting these are easy/basic operations

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples="a simple problem; simple mechanisms"
- This refers to something structurally simple, having few parts, not complex

2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples="an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson"
- This refers to something that is easy, elementary, not complicated

3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples="only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea"
- This is more like "mere" or "bare" - doesn't fit

4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples="childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence"
- This refers to naive/simple personality - doesn't fit

5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
- This refers to cognitive ability - doesn't fit

6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
- This is botanical - doesn't fit

7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples="a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity"
- This refers to aesthetic simplicity - doesn't fit

So the main contenders are sense 1 and sense 2.

Sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved" - This is about structural simplicity
Sense 2: "easy and not involved or complicated" with synonyms "elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic" - This is about ease/difficulty level

In the context, "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)" - the parenthetical clarification "(arithmetic and logical)" suggests these are basic, fundamental, elementary types of operations. The fact that you don't need to know MathML to use kalgebra further supports that these are "easy" or "elementary" operations rather than structurally simple ones.

Arithmetic and logical operations can be considered "elementary" in the sense that they are basic, foundational types of mathematical operations. This aligns more with sense 2 (easy, elementary) rather than sense 1 (having few parts, structurally simple).

However, I could also argue that "simple" here means the operations themselves are not complex - they are basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction, etc.) and logical operations, which are straightforward in nature.

Looking at the examples more carefully:
- Sense 1: "a simple problem; simple mechanisms" - these refer to structural simplicity
- Sense 2: "an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson" - these refer to ease/level of difficulty

The context mentions "arithmetic and logical" operations - these are indeed elementary/basic types of operations in mathematics. The synonym "elementary" in sense 2 fits well here.

Also, the context says "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra" - suggesting the tool makes things easy/accessible, which supports the "easy" sense.

I think sense 2 is the best fit because:
1. The parenthetical "(arithmetic and logical)" indicates these are elementary/fundamental types of operations
2. The broader context about not needing to know MathML suggests ease of use
3. The synonym "elementary" fits well with arithmetic and logical operations being basic mathematical operations

Let me double-check: "simple MathML operations" - is this about the operations being easy to perform/understand, or about them being structurally simple?

Arithmetic operations (like addition, subtraction) and logical operations (like AND, OR) are fundamental, elementary operations. They're not necessarily "structurally simple" (having few parts), but rather they're "basic" or "elementary" in terms of being foundational and not requiring advanced knowledge.

I think sense 2 captures this better with its "easy and not involved or complicated" and "elementary" synonym.

My answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: operation
Target surface form: operations
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=operation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being in effect or being operative | examples=that rule is no longer in operation
2. sense_key=operation%1:04:06:: | definition=a business especially one run on a large scale | examples=a large-scale farming operation; a multinational operation
3. sense_key=operation%1:04:03:: | definition=a planned activity involving many people performing various actions | examples=they organized a rescue operation; the biggest police operation in French history
4. sense_key=operation%1:22:00:: | definition=(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction) | examples=it can perform millions of operations per second
5. sense_key=operation%1:04:02:: | definition=activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) | synonyms=military operation | examples=it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
6. sense_key=operation%1:04:00:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery
7. sense_key=operation%1:04:05:: | definition=a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work | synonyms=procedure | examples=the operations in building a house; certain machine tool operations
8. sense_key=operation%1:22:01:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=functioning, performance | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds
9. sense_key=operation%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=process, cognitive process, mental process, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
10. sense_key=operation%1:04:01:: | definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
11. sense_key=operation%1:04:07:: | definition=the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.) | examples=her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** operation
    *   **Target surface form:** operations
    *   **Context:** "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
    *   **Key phrases:** "mathematical calculator", "MathML operations", "arithmetic and logical".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** State of being in effect (e.g., rule in operation). -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 2:** A business (large scale). -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 3:** Planned activity involving many people (e.g., rescue operation). -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 4:** (Computer science) data processing specified by a rule/instruction. -> Close, as this is software. The text mentions "MathML" and "calculator". However, the text specifically qualifies "operations" with "(arithmetic and logical)".
    *   **Sense 5:** Military activity. -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 6:** Medical procedure. -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 7:** Process/mechanical acts in work. -> Too general.
    *   **Sense 8:** Manner of functioning. -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 9:** Psychology/cognitive activity. -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 10:** (Mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods. Synonyms: mathematical process, mathematical operation. Examples: "basic operations of arithmetic".
    *   **Sense 11:** Activity of operating something. -> Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 4 and Sense 10:**
    *   The context describes a "mathematical calculator" performing "arithmetic and logical" tasks.
    *   Sense 4 defines operation in the context of computer science data processing (CPU instructions).
    *   Sense 10 defines operation in the context of mathematics ("calculation by mathematical methods", "basic operations of arithmetic").
    *   The text explicitly says: "...make simple MathML **operations** (arithmetic and logical)..."
    *   "Arithmetic and logical" operations are standard mathematical/computational concepts. However, the domain here is a *mathematical calculator*. The examples in Sense 10 mention "basic operations of arithmetic", which aligns perfectly with the parenthetical "(arithmetic and logical)" in the context. While it is a computer program, the nature of the "operation" described is mathematical calculation (addition, subtraction, etc.) rather than a low-level computer instruction (though these are related). The label "(arithmetic and logical)" points strongly toward the mathematical definition of operations like addition, division, AND, OR, etc.
    *   Sense 10 definition: "(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods".
    *   Sense 10 examples: "basic operations of arithmetic".
    *   Context: "MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)".

    The text is about MathML (Mathematical Markup Language). The operations are arithmetic (math) and logical (math/logic). Sense 10 captures the concept of performing mathematical calculations/arithmetic operations. Sense 4 is more about the machine instruction level ("millions of operations per second"). While a computer performs them, the *type* of operation described here is best defined by the mathematical sense (arithmetic).

    Let's double check Sense 4. Sense 4 says "data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule... processing that results from a single instruction". This is very "computer science" in the sense of CPU cycles or specific function calls.
    Sense 10 says "calculation by mathematical methods... basic operations of arithmetic".
    The parenthetical "(arithmetic and logical)" defines the nature of the operations. Addition is an arithmetic operation. This is Sense 10.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 10.

5.  **Format Output:** JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: 3d
Target surface form: 3D
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
2. sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:**
    *   Target lemma: "3d"
    *   Target surface form: "3D"
    *   Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `3-d%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: "a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance"
        *   Synonyms: three-D
        *   Contextual fit: The context talks about "graphs" in a mathematical calculator, not a movie. This is likely a specific noun sense referring to the medium of film.
    *   **Sense 2:** `3-d%1:09:00::`
        *   Definition: "having a three-dimensional form or appearance"
        *   Synonyms: three-D
        *   Examples: "aren't dreams always in 3-D?"
        *   Contextual fit: The context talks about "3D graphs". Graphs can be rendered to have a three-dimensional appearance. The adjective sense (describing the nature of the object) fits better than the noun sense (a movie). Note: The WordNet POS for sense 1:10:00 is usually Noun (often defined as the movie itself). The POS for sense 1:09:00 is usually Noun (defined as the quality/state). Let's look closer at the WordNet hierarchy.
        *   In WordNet:
            *   `3-d` (n) --(hypernym)--> `movie` (Sense 1:10:00 corresponds to "a movie..."). This is definitely not correct for graphs in a calculator.
            *   `3-d` (n) --(hypernym)--> `appearance`, `visual aspect` (Sense 1:09:00 corresponds to "having a three-dimensional form or appearance"). Wait, let's double-check the indexing.
            *   Usually, WordNet senses are ordered by frequency or familiarity.
            *   Let's look at the definitions again.
                *   Sense 1 definition: "a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance". This implies "3-D" refers to the film medium.
                *   Sense 2 definition: "having a three-dimensional form or appearance". This implies "3-D" refers to the attribute or quality of being 3D.

3.  **Evaluate against Context:**
    *   The sentence is "...representate 2D and 3D graphs."
    *   Here, "3D" modifies "graphs". It describes the graphs having three dimensions (x, y, z axes).
    *   Does it refer to a movie? No.
    *   Does it refer to the quality of having three dimensions? Yes.
    *   Sense 2 defines the state/quality/attribute "having a three-dimensional form or appearance".
    *   Even though Sense 2 is labeled as a Noun in WordNet (often classified under `attribute` or `state`), it fits the semantic requirement of describing the graphs. The graphs *have* a three-dimensional form.
    *   Sense 1 is specifically about a movie.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 2}`. (Using index 2 because that corresponds to the second sense provided in the candidate list).
    *   Wait, I need to check if the user asks for the *index* of the sense in the provided list or the WordNet sense number.
    *   "Choose the single best indexed sense." usually refers to the list provided (1, 2...).
    *   "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
    *   Since there are only 2 candidates, the index will be either 1 or 2.
    *   Sense 1 = Movie (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2 = Attribute/Form (Correct).

5.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Select Sense 2.