[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: delete
Target surface form: deleted
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then <t>deleted</t>, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=delete%2:35:00:: | definition=remove or make invisible | synonyms=cancel | examples=Please delete my name from your list
2. sense_key=delete%2:32:00:: | definition=wipe out digitally or magnetically recorded information | synonyms=erase | examples=Who erased the files form my hard disk?
3. sense_key=delete%2:30:00:: | definition=cut or eliminate | synonyms=edit, blue-pencil | examples=she edited the juiciest scenes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "deleted" (past tense/participle of "delete").
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Domain: Medical/Scientific (genetics, cancer research).
    *   Sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then <t>deleted</t>, the polyps would progress to malignancy."
    *   Meaning: In the context of genetics/chromosomes, "deleted" refers to the removal or loss of a genetic sequence (a gene) from the DNA. It implies the gene is gone, knocked out, or removed from the genetic code.
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `delete%2:35:00::` | definition="remove or make invisible" | synonyms="cancel" | examples="Please delete my name from your list".
        *   General removal. Fits "remove from a list".
    *   **Sense 2:** `delete%2:32:00::` | definition="wipe out digitally or magnetically recorded information" | synonyms="erase" | examples="Who erased the files form my hard disk?".
        *   Specific to digital/computer data.
    *   **Sense 3:** `delete%2:30:00::` | definition="cut or eliminate" | synonyms="edit, blue-pencil" | examples="she edited the juiciest scenes".
        *   Specific to text editing/censoring.
4.  **Evaluate Fit:**
    *   The context discusses "genetic deletions" and "both copies of a gene were knocked out/deleted".
    *   While genetic deletion is a specific biological phenomenon, WordNet senses are often broad. Which schematic sense fits best?
    *   Sense 2 is too specific to computers (hard disk, magnetic tape).
    *   Sense 3 is too specific to text editing (manuscripts, scenes).
    *   Sense 1 is the most general "remove or make invisible". Removing a gene from a chromosome fits the general semantic category of "removing something from a set/list/structure". Even though it's not a "list" in the clerical sense, the genome is often conceptualized as a code or list of instructions. Removing a gene is removing an entry from the genetic code.
    *   Let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 2. Is genetic deletion closer to "erasing data" or "removing from a list"? In bioinformatics, we talk about "deleting" lines of code. But biologically, it's a physical removal of a segment.
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 (remove or make invisible): Hypernym = `remove`, `take`, `take away`, `withdraw`.
        *   Sense 2 (wipe out digitally...): Hypernym = `wipe out`, `erase`.
        *   Sense 3 (cut or eliminate): Hypernym = `edit`.
    *   The action described is the elimination of the gene. "Knocked out" is used as a synonym in the text.
    *   Is there a metaphorical mapping? The genome is information. Deleting a gene is often metaphorically linked to erasing information. However, standard WordNet mapping for biological deletion usually falls under the general removal sense because it isn't strictly digital/magnetic (Sense 2) or editorial (Sense 3).
    *   Sense 1 ("remove or make invisible") is the hypernymic parent or the general container for removal actions. Removing a gene removes it from the chromosome, making it no longer present.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "delete my name from your list". (Removal from a collection/list).
        *   Sense 2: "erase files from hard disk". (Removal of stored data).
        *   Sense 3: "edit scenes". (Removal of content from a work).
    *   The genome acts as the "list" or collection of genes. When a gene is deleted, it is removed from the genome. This aligns best with the structure of Sense 1 (removal from a list/structure). Sense 2 implies a specific medium (digital/magnetic) which doesn't apply to biological chromosomes (unless we stretch the metaphor of DNA as digital code too strictly into the "digital" sense definition, but Sense 1 is broader and "remove" covers the physical loss). Sense 1 is the standard "general" sense for removal. "Knocked out" in the context implies removal/absence.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It covers the general act of removing something (a name, a file, a gene) from a larger context (a list, a disk, a chromosome).

    *   Double check: Some annotators might map biological deletion to "erase" (Sense 2) because DNA is "information". However, WordNet glosses are schematic. "Digitally or magnetically recorded" is a restrictive gloss component. DNA is biological, not digital or magnetic (in the tape sense). Therefore Sense 2 is formally incorrect based on the gloss restrictions. Sense 3 ("edit") implies a creative/censoring process usually applied to media/text. Sense 1 ("remove or make invisible") is the unrestricted generic removal sense. This fits best.

5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: polyp
Target surface form: polyps
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the <t>polyps</t> would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=polyp%1:26:00:: | definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane | synonyms=polypus
2. sense_key=polyp%1:05:00:: | definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is talking about polyps in the bowel/colon that can develop into cancer. This is clearly a medical context about growths in the human body, specifically in the colon/bowel.

Let me examine the two senses:

1. sense_key=polyp%1:26:00:: - "a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane" - synonym: polypus

2. sense_key=polyp%1:05:00:: - "one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth" - examples about coelenterate life cycles

The context is clearly about medical/biological growths in the human bowel that can become malignant (cancerous). This matches sense 1 - a vascular growth on a mucous membrane (the bowel is lined with mucous membrane). These are the type of polyps that doctors discuss in colon cancer screening.

Sense 2 is about marine biology - hydra, coral, coelenterates - which is completely unrelated to the medical context of colon cancer.

So the answer is sense_index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: malignancy
Target surface form: malignancy
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to <t>malignancy</t>. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=malignancy%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death | synonyms=malignance
2. sense_key=malignancy%1:07:00:: | definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will | synonyms=malignity, malignance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses medical/biological progression from benign polyps to malignancy (cancer). It talks about genetic damage, cancer development, and the progression from less severe to deadly states. This clearly aligns with the medical sense of malignancy.

Sense 1: (medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death - this is the medical/cancer sense
Sense 2: quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will - this is the moral/evil sense

The context is clearly about cancer and medical conditions, so sense 1 is the correct choice.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: clear
Target surface form: clear
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was <t>clear</t> that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=clear%3:00:00:: | definition=readily apparent to the mind | examples=a clear and present danger; a clear explanation
2. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:clearheaded:00 | definition=free from confusion or doubt | examples=a complex problem requiring a clear head; not clear about what is expected of us
3. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:unobstructed:00 | definition=affording free passage or view | synonyms=open | examples=a clear view; a clear path to victory
4. sense_key=clear%3:00:02:: | definition=allowing light to pass through | examples=clear water; clear plastic bags
5. sense_key=clear%5:00:02:free:00 | definition=free from contact or proximity or connection | examples=we were clear of the danger; the ship was clear of the reef
6. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:untroubled:00 | definition=characterized by freedom from troubling thoughts (especially guilt) | examples=a clear conscience; regarded her questioner with clear untroubled eyes
7. sense_key=clear%5:00:01:pure:02 | definition=(of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims | synonyms=clean, light, unclouded | examples=efforts to obtain a clean bass in orchestral recordings; clear laughter like a waterfall
8. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:unencumbered:00 | definition=(especially of a title) free from any encumbrance or limitation that presents a question of fact or law | synonyms=unmortgaged | examples=I have clear title to this property
9. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:distinct:00 | definition=clear and distinct to the senses; easily perceptible | synonyms=clean-cut, clear-cut | examples=as clear as a whistle; clear footprints in the snow
10. sense_key=clear%3:00:04:: | definition=accurately stated or described | synonyms=well-defined | examples=a set of well-defined values
11. sense_key=clear%3:00:03:: | definition=free from clouds or mist or haze | examples=on a clear day
12. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:unqualified:02 | definition=free of restrictions or qualifications | synonyms=clean | examples=a clean bill of health; a clear winner
13. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:perfect:00 | definition=free from flaw or blemish or impurity | examples=a clear perfect diamond; the clear complexion of a healthy young woman
14. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:net:00 | definition=clear of charges or deductions | examples=a clear profit
15. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:legible:00 | definition=easily deciphered | synonyms=decipherable, readable
16. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:innocent:00 | definition=freed from any question of guilt | synonyms=absolved, cleared, exculpated, exonerated, vindicated | examples=is absolved from all blame; was now clear of the charge of cowardice
17. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:discerning:00 | definition=characterized by ease and quickness in perceiving | synonyms=percipient | examples=clear mind; a percipient author

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "clear" in the context provided.

The sentence is: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop."

In this context, "clear" is used to describe a conclusion or understanding that emerged from the research. After months of research, the scientists came to understand something with certainty.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=clear%3:00:00:: | definition=readily apparent to the mind | examples="a clear and present danger; a clear explanation"
   - This could fit. The understanding about multiple genes being involved became apparent/obvious.

2. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:clearheaded:00 | definition=free from confusion or doubt | examples="a complex problem requiring a clear head; not clear about what is expected of us"
   - This could also fit. The picture that emerged was free from confusion - it became understandable.

3. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:unobstructed:00 | definition=affording free passage or view | synonyms=open | examples="a clear view; a clear path to victory"
   - This is about physical space, not applicable here.

4. sense_key=clear%3:00:02:: | definition=allowing light to pass through | examples="clear water; clear plastic bags"
   - Physical property, not applicable.

5. sense_key=clear%5:00:02:free:00 | definition=free from contact or proximity or connection | examples="we were clear of the danger; the ship was clear of the reef"
   - Not applicable.

6. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:untroubled:00 | definition=characterized by freedom from troubling thoughts (especially guilt) | examples="a clear conscience"
   - Not applicable.

7. sense_key=clear%5:00:01:pure:02 | definition=(of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims
   - Not applicable.

8. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:unencumbered:00 | definition=(especially of a title) free from any encumbrance
   - Not applicable.

9. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:distinct:00 | definition=clear and distinct to the senses
   - Not applicable.

10. sense_key=clear%3:00:04:: | definition=accurately stated or described
    - Not quite what's meant here.

11. sense_key=clear%3:00:03:: | definition=free from clouds or mist or haze
    - Not applicable.

12. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:unqualified:02 | definition=free of restrictions or qualifications
    - Not applicable.

13. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:perfect:00 | definition=free from flaw or blemish or impurity
    - Not applicable.

14. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:net:00 | definition=clear of charges or deductions
    - Not applicable.

15. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:legible:00 | definition=easily deciphered
    - Not applicable.

16. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:innocent:00 | definition=freed from any question of guilt
    - Not applicable.

17. sense_key=clear%5:00:00:discerning:00 | definition=characterized by ease and quickness in perceiving
    - Not quite what's meant here.

The main contenders are sense 1 and sense 2.

Sense 1: "readily apparent to the mind" - examples: "a clear and present danger; a clear explanation"
Sense 2: "free from confusion or doubt" - examples: "a complex problem requiring a clear head; not clear about what is expected of us"

The context shows that after research, it became evident/obvious that multiple genes had to be damaged. The phrase "It was clear that..." is a common expression meaning "It was evident/obvious/apparent that..."

Looking at sense 1, "readily apparent to the mind" fits well with "It was clear that..." - the understanding was apparent, evident, obvious.

Sense 2's definition mentions "free from confusion or doubt" but the examples show a slightly different usage ("a clear head" - meaning clear-thinking, and "not clear about what is expected" - meaning uncertain).

The phrase "It was clear that..." most closely aligns with sense 1 - something being readily apparent or obvious to the mind. The researchers' findings made it apparent/obvious that multiple genes were involved.

So sense 1 is the best fit.

{"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be <t>damaged</t> for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%2:30:00:: | definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof; She damaged the car when she hit the tree
2. sense_key=damage%2:30:01:: | definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:**
    *   Lemma: *damage*
    *   Surface form: *damaged* (past participle, used passively or adjectivally).

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses cancer research (Dr. Vogelstein, Eric Fearon).
    *   The subject is "genetic damage" and "genes".
    *   Specific sentence: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be **damaged** for colon cancer to develop."
    *   Meaning: The genes undergo harm or injury (deletion/mutation) that prevents them from functioning correctly.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `damage%2:30:00::` | Definition: "inflict damage upon" | Examples: "The snow damaged the roof", "She damaged the car..."
        *   This is the causative/transitive sense. Something (agent) damages something else (patient).
        *   In the context "more than one gene had to be damaged", the genes are the patient (the thing receiving the damage).
        *   The sentence structure is passive ("had to be damaged"). This aligns with the core meaning of sense 1, just in passive voice. The genes suffer the infliction of damage.
    *   **Sense 2:** `damage%2:30:01::` | Definition: "suffer or be susceptible to damage" | Examples: "These fine china cups damage easily".
        *   This is often an ergative or middle use, or a specific sense regarding susceptibility. "These cups damage easily" implies they break easily when handled.
        *   Does the gene "damage easily" in the sense of being susceptible? Or is it that an external force (carcinogens, replication errors) damages the gene?
        *   The context says "more than one gene had to be damaged". This is a passive construction of the action described in Sense 1. It describes the event of damage occurring to the gene.
        *   Sense 2 usually implies an inherent property of the subject to undergo damage easily (like "this silk damages easily"). The text isn't saying "Genes damage easily" (property of the gene); it's saying specific genes *must be affected* (inflicted upon) for cancer to develop.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 against context:**
    *   Context: "more than one gene had to be [inflicted with damage]".
    *   Sense 1 (inflict damage upon) fits the underlying action. The cancer process inflicts damage upon the genes.
    *   Sense 2 (suffer or be susceptible) usually appears in structures like "X damages easily". The sentence "more than one gene had to be damaged" is a standard passive of a transitive verb (Sense 1).
    *   If I say "The roof was damaged by snow," I am using Sense 1. The roof is the patient.
    *   If I say "The car was damaged," I am using Sense 1.
    *   If I say "This material damages easily," I am using Sense 2.
    *   The sentence "more than one gene had to be damaged" fits the pattern of Sense 1 used in the passive voice. The genes are receiving the action defined in Sense 1.

5.  **Select the best index:**
    *   Sense 1 is "inflict damage upon". The genes had damage inflicted upon them.
    *   Sense 2 is "suffer or be susceptible". While genes suffer damage, the specific definition "suffer or be susceptible to damage" combined with the example "damage easily" usually characterizes a specific lexical usage (middle construction/ergativity). The context here is a standard transitive action in passive form.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct classification for the action happening to the genes.

    *   Let's double-check WordNet definitions often associated with these keys.
    *   WordNet 3.0:
        *   `damage%2:30:00` (inflict damage upon): "The snow damaged the roof".
        *   `damage%2:30:01` (suffer or be susceptible to damage): "These fine china cups damage easily".
    *   In the text, the genes are not described as having the property of damaging easily (Sense 2). They are described as undergoing the process of being damaged (passive of Sense 1). Even though they "suffer" damage, the sense index 2 is reserved for the specific usage where the subject is presented as susceptible in an intransitive/middle frame (e.g., "damages easily").
    *   Consequently, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Format Output:**
    *   `{"sense_index":1}`

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to <t>develop</t>. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `develop`
    *   Target surface form: `develop`
    *   Context sentence: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to <t>develop</t>."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses biological processes, specifically the formation and progression of cancer (colon cancer) from genetic damage. The subject is "colon cancer". The verb is used intransitively here (colon cancer to develop). It implies the coming into existence or progression of a disease state.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation". Transitive. (Her company developed...). Not appropriate for an intransitive biological process happening *to* the subject.
    *   **Sense 2:** "work out". Transitive usually. Examples: "develop a new theory". Doesn't fit the biological onset of a disease.
    *   **Sense 3:** "gain through experience". (develop a sense of right and wrong). Transitive. Incorrect for a disease.
    *   **Sense 4:** "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". Examples: "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains". This is transitive (patient developed X). In the text, the structure is "colon cancer to develop". "Colon cancer" is the entity emerging, not the person acquiring it. However, sometimes "develop" is used intransitively for diseases. Let's look for a strictly intransitive sense regarding emergence/coming into being.
    *   **Sense 5:** "come into existence; take on form or shape". Synonyms: originate, arise, spring up. Examples: "A new religious movement originated...", "a love that sprang up...".
        *   In the context, cancer is "coming into existence" or "arising" due to genetic damage. The phrase "for colon cancer to develop" means for the cancer to arise/manifest. This looks promising. It captures the ontological shift from "no cancer" to "cancer".
    *   **Sense 10:** "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment". Examples: "A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower".
        *   This sense covers biological growth/natural processes. Cancer is a biological process involving growth and evolution of cells. The text discusses "cancer development" earlier. The sentence says genes had to be damaged for cancer to *develop*.
        *   Comparison between Sense 5 and Sense 10:
            *   Sense 5 focuses on "coming into existence".
            *   Sense 10 focuses on "growth, progress, unfold... natural growth".
            *   Cancer development is often described as a progression (benign -> malignant). However, the specific sentence "for colon cancer to develop" usually refers to the onset/initiation or the whole process of it appearing.
            *   Let's look at Sense 4 again. "The patient developed abdominal pains". Here the patient is the subject. In the text, "colon cancer" is the subject.
            *   Let's look at Sense 5 again. "A new religious movement originated". "Colon cancer to originate/arise". This fits well.
            *   Let's look at Sense 10 again. "A flower developed on the branch". This implies natural growth. Cancer is uncontrolled growth.
            *   Which is the standard WordNet mapping for a disease developing intransitively?
            *   Usually, if a person develops a disease, it's Sense 4 (undergo a change/attribute).
            *   If the disease itself develops (intransitive), it means it comes into being or grows.
            *   The gloss for Sense 5 is "come into existence; take on form or shape".
            *   The gloss for Sense 10 is "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve...".
            *   Cancer is often viewed as a progression (as described in the text: polyps -> malignancy). The text says "cancer development emerged".
            *   However, Sense 5 is the general "come into existence". Sense 10 specifies "natural growth". Cancer is pathological, but is often framed under biological growth senses in WordNet (Sense 10 includes "differentiation").
            *   Let's check the examples. Sense 5: "A new religious movement originated". Sense 10: "A flower developed".
            *   Is cancer developing closer to a flower developing (biological entity growing) or a movement originating (abstract entity coming into existence)?
            *   Let's check Sense 4's gloss again: "come to have or undergo a change of...". The example is "The patient developed abdominal pains". This is the patient developing symptoms.
            *   In the text: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop."
            *   The subject is "colon cancer".
            *   If we check standard WSD mappings or dictionaries:
                *   Intransitive develop: To arise; to come into existence. (Sense 5).
                *   Intransitive develop: To progress; to advance. (Sense 10).
            *   The context emphasizes the *start* or *cause* of the cancer. "Genes had to be damaged... to develop". This implies the origination or onset.
            *   However, the previous sentence mentions "cancer development" as a picture emerging. And the process involves polyps progressing to malignancy.
            *   Let's look at Sense 5 vs Sense 10 again.
            *   Sense 5: "originate, arise".
            *   Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold... natural growth".
            *   "Colon cancer" is a disease. When a disease "develops", does it "originate" or "grow"?
            *   Usually, "The cancer developed" implies it appeared or came to be.
            *   Sense 10 includes "unfold". The text mentions "picture... emerged".
            *   Let's look at Sense 20: "happen". Too generic.
            *   Let's refine the choice between 5 and 10.
            *   Sense 10 is "grow, progress...". Cancer is a growth.
            *   Sense 5 is "come into existence".
            *   In medical contexts, "The disease developed" is often mapped to the 'coming into existence' or 'arising' sense, but sometimes 'growth'.
            *   However, let's look at Sense 4. It lists synonyms "grow, produce". Example: "The patient developed abdominal pains".
            *   Let's check the transitivity. The target is "colon cancer to develop". Intransitive.
            *   Sense 4 is usually Transitive (Patient develops Symptom).
            *   Sense 5 is Intransitive (Entity arises).
            *   Sense 10 is Intransitive (Entity grows/progresses).
            *   In the context of cancer formation from genetic damage, the cancer is *originating* or *coming into being*.
            *   However, Sense 10's mention of "evolution" and "natural growth" (even though cancer is abnormal, it's biological growth) might be relevant.
            *   Let's check WordNet 3.0/3.1 structure.
                *   Sense 5 (develop%2:42:00:: - guessing group number 42 is existence?) -> Gloss: "come into existence...".
                *   Sense 10 (develop%2:30:00:: - group 30 is change/growth?) -> Gloss: "grow, progress...".
            *   Cancer developing involves the tumor growing.
            *   But the sentence says "for colon cancer to develop". This usually means "to arise" in the patient.
            *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 5: "originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow".
            *   Note that "grow" is a synonym for Sense 5 too.
            *   Sense 10 synonyms are not listed in the prompt (my bad, checking prompt... wait, Sense 10 has no synonyms listed in the prompt text). Wait, let me re-read the prompt text for Sense 10.
            *   Sense 10 definition: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve..." No synonyms listed in the prompt.
            *   Sense 5 definition: "come into existence; take on form or shape". Synonyms: "originate, arise...".
            *   Comparing the two:
            *   Context: "genes... damaged for colon cancer to develop".
            *   This sounds like the "arising" or "origination" of the cancer.
            *   Sense 5 seems to capture the "coming into existence" aspect perfectly.
            *   Does Sense 10 fit? "Colon cancer grew". "Colon cancer progressed".
            *   The text distinguishes between benign polyps developing, then progressing to malignancy.
            *   "If both copies... were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." -> Polyps arise.
            *   "If both copies... then deleted, the polyps would progress..." -> Progression is separate from the initial development of polyps.
            *   Then: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop."
            *   Colon cancer seems to encompass the whole process or the final malignant state.
            *   If polyps "develop" (arise) and then "progress", "develop" seems aligned with the initial formation/arising.
            *   Sense 5 ("come into existence", "originate") fits "polyps would develop" (they appear/arise).
            *   Therefore, for "colon cancer to develop", Sense 5 is the strongest fit for the emergence of the condition.

    *   Let's double check Sense 4.
        *   Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)".
        *   Usually: Subject (Human) develops Object (Disease).
        *   Text: Subject (Disease) develops.
        *   This is NOT Sense 4. Sense 4 is transitive regarding the acquisition of the attribute by the patient. "The patient developed cancer". Here "cancer" is the subject.
        *   So Sense 4 is out.

    *   Let's double check Sense 10.
        *   "A flower developed on the branch".
        *   "The country developed into a mighty superpower".
        *   This sense implies a process of growth or evolution.
        *   Cancer is often defined as an uncontrolled growth.
        *   However, the prompt's Sense 5 includes "originate, arise, ... grow".
        *   WordNet often has multiple similar senses.
        *   Sense 5 (2:42:00) corresponds to the "arise/come into existence" verb class.
        *   Sense 10 (2:30:00) corresponds to the "grow/change" verb class.
        *   "Polyps would develop" = Polyps would come into existence/appear. (Matches Sense 5).
        *   "Polyps would progress" = Matches the second part of Sense 10 gloss ("progress"), but Sense 10 says "grow, progress...".
        *   If "develop" is contrasted with "progress" in the text ("develop... others... progress"), then "develop" likely refers to the initial stage (origination/appearance).
        *   If Sense 10 includes "progress", and the text uses "progress" as a subsequent step after "develop", then Sense 5 (originate/arise) is the better fit for the first step (develop).
        *   Therefore, "develop" = originate/arise (Sense 5).

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again just in case. "make something new". No.
    *   Sense 2: "work out". No.
    *   Sense 12: "cause to grow...". Transitive. No.

    *   Decision: Sense 5 vs Sense 10.
    *   Text structure: Polyps develop (step 1). Polyps progress (step 2).
    *   "Develop" is used for Step 1 (arising of polyps).
    *   "Colon cancer to develop" requires multiple gene damages (plural events/steps).
    *   Wait, the sentence says "more than one gene... for colon cancer to develop". This implies the culmination of the process or the existence of the final state.
    *   However, looking at the "Polyps develop" vs "Polyps progress" distinction:
        *   If Sense 10 means "progress", then "develop" shouldn't be used for the stage *before* progression if they are distinct steps.
        *   But Sense 10 also means "grow" or "unfold".
        *   Sense 5 means "originate".
        *   A polyp originates (develops). Then it progresses.
        *   This aligns Sense 5 with "develop".
        *   Therefore, Sense 5 is the best fit for "coming into existence" or "arising".

    *   Let's check Sense 5 synonyms: "originate, arise, spring up".
    *   "For colon cancer to arise".
    *   "For colon cancer to originate".
    *   This makes perfect sense.

    *   Let's check Sense 10 synonyms: Not listed in prompt, but gloss says "grow, progress, unfold...".
    *   If "develop" meant "progress" here, the text would be redundant ("polyps would progress... polyps would progress").
    *   The text contrasts "develop" (initial formation) with "progress" (worsening/evolution).
    *   Therefore, "develop" takes the meaning of "come into existence".

    *   Wait, is there a specific medical sense?
    *   Sense 4 covers "The patient developed abdominal pains". This is the acquisition sense.
    *   Sense 5 covers "A new religious movement originated".
    *   Is there a sense for "Disease X developed"? (Intransitive).
    *   "The infection developed".
    *   Sense 5 fits "The infection originated/arose".
    *   Sense 10 fits "The infection grew/progressed".
    *   Given the contrast with "progress" in the text, Sense 5 is the logical choice.

    *   Index check:
    *   Sense 5 is `develop%2:42:00::`.
    *   Let me verify the index mapping in the prompt list.
    *   1. ...
    *   2. ...
    *   3. ...
    *   4. ...
    *   5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape
    *   Yes, index 5.

    *   Final verification:
    *   Sentence: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to <t>develop</t>."
    *   Meaning: For colon cancer to come into existence/arise.
    *   Sense 5 Definition: "come into existence; take on form or shape".
    *   Synonyms: "originate, arise".
    *   Context match: High. The text discusses the genetic requirements for cancer to *appear* or *start* (polyps developing, then progressing). The distinction between developing (appearing) and progressing (worsening) reinforces the "origination" sense over the "progression" sense (Sense 10).

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 10 again. "A flower developed on the branch". This is the growth of a biological entity. Is a polyp or cancer a "flower" equivalent?
    *   If we say "A flower developed", it means it grew from a bud to a full flower. This is a progression of growth.
    *   If we say "A polyp developed", it means a growth appeared.
    *   If the text contrasts "develop" and "progress", maybe "develop" refers to the initial growth (polyp) and "progress" to malignancy.
    *   But the target sentence is "colon cancer to develop".
    *   Colon cancer is the final malignancy.
    *   "More than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop."
    *   This implies the full state of "colon cancer" (the disease) coming into being.
    *   Does it mean "originate" (Sense 5) or "grow" (Sense 10)?
    *   "Originate" seems appropriate for the onset of a disease condition.
    *   Also, looking at WordNet hierarchy, Sense 5 (2:42:00) is "come into existence".
    *   Sense 10 (2:30:00) is "grow/change".
    *   Diseases "arise" or "originate".
    *   While tumors "grow", the condition "cancer" usually "develops" in the sense of "comes about/occurs".
    *   Example: "He developed cancer" (Sense 4).
    *   Passive/Intransitive: "Cancer developed". "A problem developed". "A situation developed".
    *   "A situation developed" -> Sense 5 (originate/arise) or Sense 10 (unfold).
    *   "Cancer" in this text is treated as a result of a sequence.
    *   "For colon cancer to [come into existence]". Sense 5.

    *   Let's consider Sense 10: "unfold". "The plot developed slowly".
    *   Here, the development *is* the progression.
    *   But in the specific sentence "polyps would develop" vs "polyps would progress", the author distinguishes them.
    *   If "develop" meant "unfold/progress", the author might not have used "progress" as the distinct next step, or they would be synonyms.
    *   Since they are distinct steps:
        *   Step 1: Gene X knockout -> Polyps develop (arise/appear).
        *   Step 2: Gene Y knockout -> Polyps progress (to malignancy).
    *   This distinction strongly favors Sense 5 ("come into existence/appear") for the word "develop" in this specific text's logic.
    *   The target sentence uses "develop" for "colon cancer".
    *   "For colon cancer to [appear/arise]".
    *   This fits Sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their <t>report</t> galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses a scientific discovery about genetic deletions and cancer development (specifically colon cancer).
    *   The sentence is: "Their <t>report</t> galvanized other molecular biologists."
    *   The "They" refers to the researchers/scientists mentioned earlier (uncovering genetic deletions).
    *   The context implies a formal dissemination of scientific findings. It "galvanized other molecular biologists" and provided "confirming evidence." This suggests a published work or a formal account of their research.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `report%1:10:03::`
        *   Definition: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group"
        *   Synonyms: study, written report
        *   Examples: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
        *   *Fit:* This fits perfectly. Scientists publish their findings in written documents (papers, studies, reports). The context mentions "findings" implicitly (uncovering deletions, coherent picture). The example "recent study" aligns with the scientific context.

    *   **Sense 2:** `report%1:10:01::`
        *   Definition: "the act of informing by verbal report"
        *   Synonyms: account
        *   Examples: "he heard reports that they were causing trouble..."
        *   *Fit:* While scientists might talk, the context implies a specific entity ("Their report") that provided confirming evidence and galvanized a community. A specific "report" in science usually refers to a publication/study, not just the act of talking. The galvanizing aspect suggests a formal published output.

    *   **Sense 3:** `report%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: "a short account of the news"
        *   Synonyms: news report, story, account, write up
        *   Examples: "the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news"
        *   *Fit:* This is news journalism. While scientific findings *can* be news, the specific usage "Their report" in a scientific context usually refers to the primary scientific publication/study, not a secondary news summary.

    *   **Sense 4:** `report%1:11:00::`
        *   Definition: "a sharp explosive sound..."
        *   *Fit:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5:** `report%1:10:04::`
        *   Definition: "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment"
        *   Synonyms: report card
        *   *Fit:* Irrelevant (school context).

    *   **Sense 6:** `report%1:10:02::`
        *   Definition: "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)"
        *   Synonyms: composition, paper, theme
        *   *Fit:* "Paper" is close to a scientific report, but the definition emphasizes "assignment" (school context). Sense 1 ("written document describing the findings") is more specific to professional research than Sense 6. Sense 1's synonym "study" is also very common in this context.

    *   **Sense 7:** `report%1:09:00::`
        *   Definition: "the general estimation that the public has for a person"
        *   Synonyms: reputation
        *   *Fit:* Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Best Candidates:**
    *   Sense 1 vs Sense 3 vs Sense 6.
    *   Sense 1 defines "written document describing the findings". The text describes researchers uncovering findings and "Their report" serving as confirming evidence. This is exactly a scientific study/report.
    *   Sense 3 is a news report. This is less likely the primary meaning here; "Their report" usually refers to the scientists' own publication.
    *   Sense 6 is an assignment. Professional scientists publish "studies" or "written reports" (Sense 1), not student essays.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It captures the nature of a scientific document presenting findings.

4.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index":1}`

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: galvanize
Target surface form: galvanized
Context:
They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report <t>galvanized</t> other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=galvanize%2:37:00:: | definition=to stimulate to action | synonyms=startle, galvanise | examples=..startled him awake; galvanized into action
2. sense_key=galvanize%2:35:00:: | definition=cover with zinc | synonyms=galvanise | examples=galvanize steel
3. sense_key=galvanize%2:29:02:: | definition=stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock | synonyms=galvanise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   **Sentence:** "Their report galvanized other molecular biologists."
    *   **Subject:** "Their report" (a scientific report about genetic deletions and cancer development).
    *   **Object:** "other molecular biologists" (people).
    *   **Effect:** It provided "confirming evidence," leading to the realization that "gene losses were critical."
    *   **Meaning:** The report caused other scientists to become excited, active, or motivated to pursue this line of research. It acted as a catalyst for action or increased activity in the field.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `galvanize%2:37:00::` | definition=to stimulate to action | synonyms=startle, galvanise | examples=..startled him awake; galvanized into action.
        *   *Fit:* This fits perfectly. A report stimulating researchers to act or get excited about a field matches "stimulate to action." The metaphorical sense of an electric shock (galvanism) leading to sudden activity applies here.
    *   **Sense 2:** `galvanize%2:35:00::` | definition=cover with zinc | synonyms=galvanise | examples=galvanize steel.
        *   *Fit:* This is the literal, metallurgical definition. The context involves scientists and a report, not steel or metalworking. This is incorrect.
    *   **Sense 3:** `galvanize%2:29:02::` | definition=stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock | synonyms=galvanise.
        *   *Fit:* This is the physiological/medical sense (stimulating muscles with electricity). While the context is biology, the object is "other molecular biologists" (people/researchers), not their muscles or body parts. The usage here is metaphorical (stimulating interest/activity), not the medical procedure of galvanism on a muscle.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 3 is specifically about applying an electric shock to muscles.
    *   Sense 1 is the general figurative sense derived from the original electrical concept: stimulating someone into action or sudden activity.
    *   The context describes a report "galvanizing" people (scientists). This implies inspiring them, exciting them, or spurring them into research action. This aligns with Sense 1 ("stimulate to action").

4.  **Select the index:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   Sense 3 corresponds to index 3.
    *   Therefore, the correct index is 1.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized <t>other</t> molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: *other*
    *   Context sentence: "Their report galvanized <t>other</t> molecular biologists."
    *   Broader context: Researchers found genetic deletions related to cancer. Their report energized/motivated *other* molecular biologists.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `other%3:00:00::`
        *   Definition: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied.
        *   Examples: "today isn't any other day"; "the construction of highways and other public works"
        *   Analysis: This is the most common, general usage. It distinguishes the entity being modified ("molecular biologists") from those already mentioned or the specific subset implicitly focused on. In the context, "their report" refers to the authors of the report (specific molecular biologists). The report galvanized *other* molecular biologists (biologists distinct from the authors). It fits the definition "not the same one or ones already mentioned".

    *   **Sense 2**: `other%5:00:00:past:00`
        *   Definition: recently past.
        *   Examples: "the other evening"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to time (adverbial/adjectival temporal usage). The context is about people (molecular biologists), not time. This does not fit.

    *   **Sense 3**: `other%5:00:02:past:00`
        *   Definition: belonging to the distant past.
        *   Synonyms: early, former.
        *   Examples: "the early inhabitants of Europe"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to time/history. Again, the target modifies "molecular biologists", not a time period.

    *   **Sense 4**: `other%5:00:00:strange:00`
        *   Definition: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected.
        *   Examples: "a strange, other dimension..."
        *   Analysis: This is a literary/metaphorical usage implying strangeness or alterity. While molecular biologists are a distinct group, "other molecular biologists" here just means "additional/different molecular biologists (not the authors)", not "weird/uncanny molecular biologists".

3.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   The sentence says: "Their report galvanized [other] molecular biologists."
    *   "Their" refers to the researchers mentioned earlier (Vogelstein et al., implied by "They began uncovering...").
    *   So, the group consists of the authors + *other* biologists.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". The authors are the ones mentioned; "other" biologists are the ones distinct from them.

4.  **Format the output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: confirming
Target surface form: confirming
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the <t>confirming</t> evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=confirming%3:00:02:: | definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=positive | examples=a positive pregnancy test
2. sense_key=confirming%5:00:00:supportive:00 | definition=serving to support or corroborate | synonyms=collateral, confirmative, confirmatory, corroborative, corroboratory, substantiating | examples=collateral evidence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "confirming" used as an adjective or participle modifying "evidence" in the phrase "It was the confirming evidence we all needed...".

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses scientific research into cancer development.
    *   Researchers found that multiple gene losses lead to cancer.
    *   A report "galvanized other molecular biologists."
    *   The specific sentence is: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor..."
    *   The function of the evidence is to support or prove a hypothesis (that gene losses are critical).

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `confirming%3:00:02::`
        *   Definition: "indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen".
        *   Synonyms: "positive".
        *   Examples: "a positive pregnancy test".
        *   *Evaluation:* This sense is specific to medical diagnostics (like a test result showing a disease exists). While the context is medical (cancer), the word "confirming" here isn't about a diagnostic test result (positive/negative). It's about *scientific proof* supporting a theory. The evidence isn't "positive" in the sense of a test strip; it is "substantiating" a scientific observation.

    *   **Sense 2:** `confirming%5:00:00:supportive:00`
        *   Definition: "serving to support or corroborate".
        *   Synonyms: "collateral, confirmative, confirmatory, corroborative, corroboratory, substantiating".
        *   Examples: "collateral evidence".
        *   *Evaluation:* This sense fits perfectly. The evidence "served to support or corroborate" the hypothesis that gene losses were critical. The phrase "confirming evidence" is synonymous with "corroborative evidence" or "substantiating evidence."

4.  **Comparison:**
    *   Sense 1 implies a diagnostic result (presence of pathogen/condition).
    *   Sense 2 implies support or corroboration of a proposition or theory.
    *   The context involves scientists validating a theory ("gene losses were critical"). This matches Sense 2's definition of "serving to support or corroborate."

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the correct choice.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming <t>evidence</t> we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "evidence" used in the context: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor"
Candidate senses:
1. evidence%1:09:00:: - your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief. Synonyms: grounds. Example: the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling.
2. evidence%1:10:01:: - an indication that makes something evident. Example: his trembling was evidence of his fear.
3. evidence%1:10:00:: - (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved.

In the context, "confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical..." refers to the basis for belief or knowledge on which to base belief.
Sense 1's example "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" is very similar to the context "the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical...". Both refer to empirical/scientific basis for belief.
Sense 2 refers to an indication or sign (like trembling being evidence of fear), which doesn't fit "confirming evidence we all needed" for a scientific discovery.
Sense 3 is legal.

So Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: needed
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:**
    *   Lemma: need
    *   Surface form: needed
    *   Context: A scientific discovery regarding cancer genes. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical..."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence says "It was the confirming evidence we all needed..."
    *   What is the nature of this "need"? The scientists were looking for proof. The evidence was necessary to confirm their theories or understanding.
    *   Is it a biological/physiological need (like food/water)? No.
    *   Is it a lack of something wanted (desire)? It's stronger than a casual desire; it's a requirement for scientific confirmation.
    *   Is it a logical or practical requirement? The evidence was *required* to make the conclusion valid. The structure is "X was the evidence we needed". This fits the pattern of "require as useful, just, or proper" or "have need of".

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `need%2:42:00::`
        *   Definition: require as useful, just, or proper.
        *   Synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve.
        *   Examples: "It takes nerve...", "success usually requires hard work".
        *   Analysis: This sense often focuses on the object being required (impersonal or object-focused) or the condition of necessity. "We needed evidence" = "Evidence was required". The definition "require as useful, just, or proper" fits well with scientific evidence required to prove a theory. It implies a condition of necessity.

    *   **Sense 2:** `need%2:34:00::`
        *   Definition: have need of.
        *   Synonyms: want, require.
        *   Examples: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner".
        *   Analysis: This is often used for objects needing maintenance ("The car needs washing") or a more direct "I need [object]". The example "This piano wants the attention..." suggests a state of lacking something essential for function.

    *   **Sense 3:** `need%2:34:01::`
        *   Definition: have or feel a need for.
        *   Examples: "always needing friends and money".
        *   Analysis: This sense leans towards emotional need, lack, or craving ("always needing friends"). The context here is not emotional craving or a perpetual state of lack (like "needing money"), but a specific instance of requirement for a purpose (confirming evidence).

4.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   In WordNet (and general linguistics), `need` can be tricky regarding transitivity and the semantic weight.
    *   Sense 1 (`need%2:42:00::`) is defined as "require as useful, just, or proper". The synonyms include "necessitate" and "postulate". This sense is often associated with the *situation* or *task* requiring something, or a strong objective necessity. "We needed evidence" -> The situation required evidence.
    *   Sense 2 (`need%2:34:00::`) is defined as "have need of". The example "This piano wants the attention..." is distinct. However, the synonym list includes "require".
    *   Let's look at the verb frames or common usage.
        *   "I need a car." (Sense 2 or 3?)
        *   "The project needs funding." (Sense 1 or 2?)
    *   Let's check the mapping to other dictionaries or the subtle distinction in WordNet.
    *   Sense 1 (2:42:00) belongs to the "require" cluster in WordNet 3.0.
    *   Sense 2 (2:34:00) belongs to the "want/need" cluster.
    *   The phrase "confirming evidence we all needed" implies that the evidence was *necessary* for the conclusion. It wasn't just "wanted" in the sense of lacking, but required for a purpose.
    *   However, usually, "I need X" falls under "have need of".
    *   Let's compare the definitions again carefully.
    *   Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper". Note the synonyms: *ask, postulate, require, take*. This often feels like the subject is the task/thing (e.g., "It takes nerve", "Success requires work"). Wait, "Success requires work" -> Subject is abstract. "It takes nerve" -> Subject is 'it'. If the subject is animate ("We all needed"), does it fit Sense 1?
    *   Sense 2: "have need of". Synonyms: *want, require*. Subject is usually the entity needing.
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "success usually requires hard work". Here the subject is the abstract concept.
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 2: "This piano wants the attention...". Subject is inanimate object needing something.
    *   What about "We needed evidence"?
        *   Is it Sense 3 ("have or feel a need for")? The example is "always needing friends". This implies a habitual state or emotional lack. Our context is specific and objective.
        *   Is it Sense 2 ("have need of")? "We have need of evidence." This seems the standard transitive use of 'need' where the subject is the experiencer/agent.
        *   Is it Sense 1 ("require as useful...")? If we say "We require evidence", is that different from "We have need of evidence"?

    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 (need%2:42:00) -> Hypernym: `necessitate` (verb.cognition/verb.stative). "require as useful, just, or proper".
        *   Sense 2 (need%2:34:00) -> Hypernym: `want` (verb.emotion/verb.stative). "have need of".
        *   Sense 3 (need%2:34:01) -> Hypernym: `desire` (verb.emotion). "have or feel a need for".

    *   Refining the choice:
        *   Sense 3 is about desire/feeling ("needing friends"). The context is scientific confirmation. This is objective, not emotional desire. Eliminate Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1 focuses on the necessity of the object for the subject (often abstract subject). "This process necessitates X".
        *   Sense 2 focuses on the subject having the need. "We want/require X".
        *   In the context "evidence we all needed", "we" are the subject. The need is for validation.
        *   WordNet often distinguishes between "The work needs patience" (Sense 1/2 overlap) and "I need a car".
        *   Sense 1 (`need%2:42:00`) has synonyms like `ask`, `postulate`. "The situation asked for evidence".
        *   Sense 2 (`need%2:34:00`) has synonyms `want`, `require`.
        *   Standard WSD for "need" with an animate subject ("we") and an object required for a specific purpose often maps to the "have need of" / "require" sense.
        *   However, let's check the specific gloss of Sense 1 again: "require as useful, just, or proper". This definition often applies to sentences like "I need you to go" or "We need this money". It implies necessity.
        *   Let's look at the "require" vs "want" distinction in the synonyms. Sense 2 includes "want". "We wanted evidence" is true, but "needed" implies stronger necessity. Sense 1 includes "necessitate". "We necessitated evidence" is ungrammatical. Therefore, Sense 1 is likely the sense where the *subject* necessitates the *object*? No, "Success requires hard work" (Sense 1 example). Here Success (Subject) causes the necessity of Hard Work (Object).
        *   In our sentence: "We (Subject) needed Evidence (Object)." We did not *cause* the evidence to be necessary in the way "Success causes hard work to be necessary". We were in a state of lacking/requiring it.
        *   Therefore, the structure "Animate subject needs Object" usually maps to the "have need of" or "feel a need" senses.
        *   Since it is objective evidence and not emotional craving, Sense 3 is out.
        *   So we are left with Sense 2 ("have need of"). "We have need of evidence." This fits. The definition "have need of" is a stative relation.
        *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. Can "We needed evidence" be Sense 1? Sense 1: "require as useful...". If I say "I need that book", am I performing Sense 1 or Sense 2?
        *   Checking external WSD resources (e.g., Senseval/SEMCOR data): "need" as a verb is complex.
        *   Let's look at the synset `need%2:42:00`. It links to `need` (noun). Synonyms: `ask`, `postulate`, `necessitate`. These are verbs often used with inanimate subjects or event subjects. "The theory necessitates..."
        *   Let's look at the synset `need%2:34:00`. Synonyms: `want`, `require`. "I want/require a book". These fit animate subjects well.
        *   Therefore, for the subject "We", Sense 2 is the structural fit.
        *   But wait, the gloss for Sense 1 is "require as useful, just, or proper". Can a person require something as useful/just/proper? Yes. "I require this." But the synonym "necessitate" in Sense 1 strongly suggests the subject is the source of necessity.
        *   The gloss for Sense 2 is "have need of". This fits the subject "We".
        *   Let's double check Sense 1 examples: "It takes nerve...", "success usually requires...". Both examples have inanimate subjects.
        *   Sense 2 example: "This piano wants the attention...". Inanimate subject, but personified or in a state of disrepair.
        *   Sense 3 example: "always needing friends". Animate subject.
        *   Is there a specific sense for Animate Subject + Object of necessity?
        *   Let's look closer at Sense 1. WordNet 3.0 `need%2:42:00`.
            *   Direct Hypernym: `necessitate`.
            *   If I say "I need you", I am not *necessitating* you. I am in a state of wanting/requiring.
            *   If I say "Success necessitates hard work", that is Sense 1.
            *   If I say "I need a new car", that is likely Sense 2 or 3.
        *   Distinction between Sense 2 and 3: Sense 3 is "feel a need for" (subjective/emotional). Sense 2 is "have need of" (objective lack).
        *   Context: "confirming evidence we all needed". Is this emotional? "We all needed" implies a professional/scientific necessity. It is objective. "The evidence was required." This aligns with Sense 2 ("have need of" / "require").
        *   Why not Sense 1? Because the subject "We" does not "necessitate" the evidence in the causal sense (like a law necessitates a penalty). "We" are the beneficiaries/experiencers of the need.
        *   Let's confirm Sense 1 vs Sense 2 using the synonyms.
        *   Sense 1 synonyms: `necessitate`. "We necessitated evidence" -> No.
        *   Sense 2 synonyms: `require`. "We required evidence" -> Yes.
        *   Sense 2 synonyms: `want`. "We wanted evidence" -> Yes (though weaker).
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   Wait, I must double check the indices provided in the prompt.
        *   Index 1: `need%2:42:00::` (necessitate...)
        *   Index 2: `need%2:34:00::` (have need of...)
        *   Index 3: `need%2:34:01::` (have or feel a need for...)

    *   Let's re-read the Sense 1 gloss: "require as useful, just, or proper".
    *   "We required evidence as useful/just/proper". This sounds like a valid interpretation of the sentence meaning.
    *   However, WordNet sense groupings usually put the "necessitate" meaning (subject causes requirement) in one bucket, and the "need/want" meaning (subject experiences lack) in another.
    *   The synset `need%2:42:00` contains `ask`, `postulate`, `necessitate`. These verbs generally select inanimate subjects or abstract subjects.
        *   "The law requires..." -> Sense 1.
        *   "The piano needs..." -> Sense 2 (in the provided list, though the example for Sense 2 is "piano wants attention").
    *   The sentence "We all needed..." has an animate subject "We".
    *   "We" are in a state of needing.
    *   This aligns with Sense 2 (`need%2:34:00`): "have need of". The synonyms are `want`, `require`.
    *   Compare Sense 2 and Sense 3. Sense 3 is "have or feel a need for". Example "needing friends and money". The "always" in the example suggests a chronic state or desire. The context here is a specific, crucial piece of evidence for a scientific breakthrough. It is a functional necessity.
    *   Sense 2 ("have need of") is the most neutral definition for "require" when the subject has a necessity. The example "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" shows an object lacking something, but the gloss "have need of" applies to humans too. "I have need of a pen."
    *   Many WSD systems map "I need X" (human subject, functional need) to the synset represented by `need%2:34:00`.
    *   Sense 1 is usually reserved for "This situation needs X".

    *   Let's check if Sense 1 (`need%2:42:00`) allows animate subjects.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "It takes nerve..." (Inanimate/It). "Success requires..." (Abstract).
    *   Example for Sense 2: "This piano wants..." (Inanimate/Object).
    *   Example for Sense 3: "...needing friends..." (Animate/Human).
    *   This is tricky. WordNet examples can be sparse.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again.
    *   Sense 1: `necessitate`. "I necessitate..." (No).
    *   Sense 2: `require`. "I require..." (Yes). "I want..." (Yes).
    *   Sense 3: (No synonyms listed in prompt, but gloss is "feel a need for").
    *   "We required evidence". This works. "We had need of evidence". This works.
    *   The distinction between Sense 2 and Sense 3 in WordNet:
        *   `need%2:34:00` (Sense 2) usually maps to the objective need ("I need water to live").
        *   `need%2:34:01` (Sense 3) usually maps to subjective desire/poverty ("He is always needing money").
    *   The context "confirming evidence" is objective necessity for the scientific community.
    *   Thus, Sense 2 is the correct choice among the "human subject" options.

    *   Why not Sense 1? Because the semantic role of the subject is different. In Sense 1, the subject is the Condition/Source of Necessity. In Sense 2, the subject is the Experiencer/Goal of the Necessity.
    *   In "We needed evidence", "We" is the experiencer. The evidence is the requirement.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is incorrect because we are not the source necessitating the evidence (the scientific problem was the source, perhaps, but "We" is the subject).
    *   Choice is between Sense 2 and Sense 3.
    *   Context: "confirming evidence we all needed... that gene losses were critical".
    *   This is not an emotional whim or a state of poverty. It is a logical/scientific requirement.
    *   Sense 2 "have need of" fits this functional requirement.

    *   Wait, let's check the specific WordNet 3.0 definitions online to be absolutely sure about the "Sense 1" usage.
    *   WordNet 3.0:
        *   need (v) 1: require as useful, just, or proper; "It takes nerve to do what she did"; "success usually requires hard work"; "This intervention asks for a lot of investment"; "This job asks for a lot of patience".
            *   (Note: Subjects are inanimate/abstract).
        *   need (v) 2: have need of; "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner".
            *   (Synonyms: want, require).
            *   This sense often covers the transitive use where the subject lacks something. Does it cover humans? "I need you"?
        *   need (v) 3: have or feel a need for; "always needing friends and money".
    *   If Sense 2 only has the piano example, one might worry it's restricted to inanimate subjects needing maintenance. However, the synonym "require" is broad. "I require" is listed as a synonym here.
    *   Also, Sense 3 "have or feel a need for" often implies the *feeling* or the *lack* rather than the utility. The example "always needing friends" implies a lack in the person's life.
    *   In "We needed confirming evidence", the emphasis is on the *utility* or *necessity* of the evidence for the conclusion. This matches the gloss of Sense 1 ("require as useful...") or Sense 2 ("have need of").
    *   However, since the subject is "We", Sense 1 is structurally unlikely (Synonym: Necessitate).
    *   Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   If I say "I need a hammer to fix this", that is Sense 2 (functional need).
    *   If I say "I need a hug", that is Sense 3 (emotional need).
    *   "Confirming evidence" is a tool (functional) for the scientists.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct index.

    *   Let's verify Sense 1 one last time. Is there a reading where "We needed evidence" falls under Sense 1? "We" as the justifier? "It is proper that we require evidence".
    *   WordNet mapping logic for verbs:
        *   Verb Group `require`:
            *   `necessitate` (Sense 1): Subject causes the necessity.
            *   `want` (Sense 2): Subject experiences the need.
            *   `desire` (Sense 3): Subject desires.
    *   "We needed evidence" -> We experienced the need.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2.

    *   Indexing in prompt:
        *   1: need%2:42:00:: (necessitate)
        *   2: need%2:34:00:: (have need of)
        *   3: need%2:34:01:: (have or feel a need for)

    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.

provider: Chutes