[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the <t>extent</t> to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "extent" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Key phrase: "the extent to which direct participation can humanise work..."
    *   Meaning: This is an abstract measurement. It refers to the degree, scope, or magnitude of an effect (how much participation humanises work).
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `extent%1:26:00::` | Definition: "the point or degree to which something extends" | Examples: "the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law".
        *   This sense focuses on abstract degree, scope, or limit. "To what extent?" is a common collocation matching this sense. It deals with intangible or measurable qualities (damage, legal reach, effect).
    *   **Sense 2**: `extent%1:07:00::` | Definition: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" | Examples: "the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent".
        *   This sense focuses on physical spatial dimensions (distance, area, volume). It refers to physical size (desert size, orchard size).
4.  **Compare Context to Senses**:
    *   The context asks about "the extent to which direct participation can humanise work". This is an abstract concept, referring to the *degree* or *magnitude* of a causal relationship or a quality, not a physical spatial area.
    *   Sense 1 examples ("extent of the damage") show usage regarding abstract or measurable scope/degree.
    *   Sense 2 examples ("vast extent of the desert") show usage regarding physical space.
    *   The phrase "the extent to which" strongly aligns with Sense 1 (degree/point).
5.  **Conclusion**: Sense 1 is the correct match because it refers to the degree or scope of an abstract process (humanizing work), whereas Sense 2 refers to physical area/volume.
6.  **Format Output**: JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: direct
Target surface form: direct
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which <t>direct</t> participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=direct%3:00:00:: | definition=direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short | examples=a direct route; a direct flight
2. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:immediate:00 | definition=having no intervening persons, agents, conditions | synonyms=unmediated | examples=in direct sunlight; in direct contact with the voters
3. sense_key=direct%3:00:02:: | definition=straightforward in means or manner or behavior or language or action | examples=a direct question; a direct response
4. sense_key=direct%3:00:04:: | definition=in a straight unbroken line of descent from parent to child | synonyms=lineal | examples=lineal ancestors; lineal heirs
5. sense_key=direct%3:00:05:: | definition=moving from west to east on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in the same direction as the Earth
6. sense_key=direct%3:00:03:: | definition=similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity | examples=a term is in direct proportion to another term if it increases (or decreases) as the other increases (or decreases)
7. sense_key=direct%3:00:01:: | definition=(of a current) flowing in one direction only | examples=direct current
8. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:primary:00 | definition=being an immediate result or consequence | examples=a direct result of the accident
9. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker | synonyms=verbatim | examples=a direct quotation; repeated their dialog verbatim
10. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:absolute:00 | definition=lacking compromising or mitigating elements; exact | examples=the direct opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word**: The target word is "direct" used as an adjective in the phrase "direct participation".
    *   Context sentence: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which **direct** participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The text discusses the involvement of various actors (public authorities, social partners, voluntary organizations, service users) in planning and provision.
    *   Specifically, the phrase is "direct participation".
    *   The broader context mentions "involving users in service planning" and roles played by welfare services.
    *   "Direct participation" in an organizational/work context usually means employees or users participate personally, without intermediaries (representatives like unions or management acting on their behalf). It contrasts with "indirect" or "representative" participation.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   *Sense 1 (spatial/straight)*: "proceeding without deviation... straight and short". Doesn't fit "participation". One doesn't usually describe participation as spatially straight.
    *   *Sense 2 (immediate/unmediated)*: "having no intervening persons, agents, conditions". Synonyms: "unmediated". Examples: "in direct contact with the voters". This fits well. "Direct participation" means participation where the person acts for themselves, rather than through a representative. There are no intervening agents.
    *   *Sense 3 (straightforward/behavior)*: "straightforward in means or manner...". Examples: "a direct question". While participation might be straightforward, the technical term "direct participation" in industrial relations or sociology specifically refers to the *immediacy* of the relationship, not just bluntness of manner.
    *   *Sense 4 (lineal/descent)*: "line of descent". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 5 (astronomy)*: "moving from west to east". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 6 (mathematical proportion)*: "similar in nature or effect...". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 7 (electrical current)*: "flowing in one direction". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 8 (result/consequence)*: "being an immediate result or consequence". Examples: "a direct result". Here, "direct participation" is not a result; it is a type of participation. So this doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 9 (verbatim)*: "in precisely the same words". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 10 (absolute/exact)*: "lacking compromising or mitigating elements". Irrelevant.

4.  **Refine the Choice between Sense 2 and others**:
    *   The phrase "direct participation" is a specific concept in organizational studies (often contrasted with representative participation).
    *   Representative participation = employees participate via unions/representatives.
    *   Direct participation = employees participate personally/immediately (e.g., suggestion boxes, team meetings).
    *   Sense 2 definition: "having no intervening persons, agents, conditions". Synonym: "unmediated".
    *   This aligns perfectly with the concept of direct participation (unmediated by representatives).

5.  **Final Selection**: Sense 2 is the correct sense. It captures the lack of intervening agents/representatives in the participation process.

    *   Target: "direct participation"
    *   Definition: having no intervening persons, agents, conditions.
    *   Context match: High.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: participation
Target surface form: participation
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct <t>participation</t> can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=participation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, involvement, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. sense_key=participation%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=involvement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "participation" in a specific context.

**Target Lemma:** participation
**Target Surface Form:** participation
**Context:** "...assesses the extent to which direct <t>participation</t> can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials..."

**Candidate Senses:**

1.  **sense_key=participation%1:04:00::**
    *   Definition: the act of sharing in the activities of a group
    *   Synonyms: engagement, involvement, involution
    *   Examples: the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities

2.  **sense_key=participation%1:26:00::**
    *   Definition: the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)
    *   Synonyms: involvement

**Analysis:**

*   **Context clues:** The sentence talks about "direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability". This refers to employee participation in decision-making or work processes (often called "direct participation" in industrial relations contexts). It involves active involvement in activities within a workplace/organization.
*   **Sense 1 Analysis:** Defined as "the act of sharing in the activities of a group". This fits well with "participation" in a work context (participating in the work group or process). The example about "engagement in class activities" parallels "participation in work activities". The synonym "engagement" is very relevant here.
*   **Sense 2 Analysis:** Defined as "the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)". This sounds more like a legal or status-based definition—having a stake or being a partner (e.g., financial participation, partnership). While employees might have a stake, the context "humanise work" suggests the *act* of participating in the daily activities or decision-making processes, rather than the state of being a shareholder or partner. "Direct participation" is a specific term in organizational studies referring to the *act* of taking part.

**Comparison:**
Sense 1 emphasizes the *act* of sharing in activities. The context discusses "humanising work" and "profitability" through "direct participation". This usually refers to mechanisms like quality circles, teamworking, or suggestion schemes where employees actively *do* something (act of sharing in activities).
Sense 2 emphasizes the *condition* of sharing in common (like partners). This is often used for "participation in profits" or legal partnerships. The context focuses on work processes, not legal status or ownership stakes.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit. It describes the active engagement in the group's activities (the work).

**Decision:** Sense 1.

**Output Format:** JSON object {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise <t>work</t> while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
2. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
3. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
4. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
5. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
6. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
7. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "work" and the target surface form is "work".
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence containing the target is: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise <t>work</t> while increasing profitability."
    *   Key phrases: "humanise work", "increasing profitability", "direct participation".
    *   Broader context: The text discusses a conference, social partners (public authorities, unions, etc.), service users, and the EPOC project.
    *   Meaning in context: Here "work" refers to the activity people do in their jobs, the labor process, or the employment environment itself that can be made more "human" (perhaps more pleasant, less alienating) through direct participation. It refers to the sphere of employment and the activity of laboring.
3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: `work%1:04:00::` | definition="activity directed toward making or doing something". This is a very broad definition of activity. "Humanise activity" fits, but the context of "profitability" and "senior officials of social partners" points strongly towards the economic/occupational sphere.
    *   Sense 2: `work%1:06:00::` | definition="a product produced or accomplished...". Examples: "memorable works", "symphony". This refers to the output/result (a work of art, a task completed). The sentence says "humanise work", not "humanise a specific product".
    *   Sense 3: `work%1:04:01::` | definition="the occupation for which you are paid" | synonyms=employment. Examples: "looking for employment", "out of work". This fits the economic context ("profitability", "senior officials", "social partners"). "Humanise work" here means making the job or the act of working better for the employee. It captures the concept of the job/employment sphere.
    *   Sense 4: `work%1:09:00::` | definition="applying the mind to learning..." | synonyms=study. Context doesn't support "study". This is about academic study.
    *   Sense 5: `work%1:19:00::` | definition="(physics) a manifestation of energy...". Not physics context.
    *   Sense 6: `work%1:06:01::` | definition="a place where work is done" | synonyms=workplace. Example: "arrived at work". "Humanise workplace" is plausible (humanise the environment), but the text discusses "direct participation" affecting the process/nature of the job (employment/activity) rather than just the physical building. However, often "work" as a mass noun referring to the general concept of one's job falls under the "occupation/employment" sense. Let's look at Sense 1 again. Sense 1 is "activity directed toward making or doing something". Is "work" in "humanise work" the *activity* or the *occupation*?
    *   Refining Sense 1 vs Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: Activity. "Work" as labor. "I have a lot of work to do."
        *   Sense 3: Occupation/Employment. "Work" as a state of having a job or the job itself. "He is at work."
        *   Context: "humanise work while increasing profitability". Profitability is an organizational/economic metric. Social partners are involved (employers and unions). "Direct participation" usually refers to employees participating in decision-making. This context frames "work" as the experience of employment/labor within the economic system.
        *   Sense 3 (Employment) seems slightly better than Sense 1 (General activity) because of the strong link to "profitability" and "social partners". However, "humanise work" often refers to the *process* of working (Sense 1) or the *job* (Sense 3).
        *   Let's look at WordNet hierarchy.
            *   Sense 1 is `act`, `activity`.
            *   Sense 3 is `occupation`, `business`, `job`, `line_of_work`, `line`.
        *   If I say "humanise work", am I making the activity better (Sense 1) or the job/employment conditions better (Sense 3)? Usually, "humanising work" implies improving the quality of working life, which bridges both.
        *   Let's check the examples for Sense 3: "he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work". This sense focuses on the fact of being employed or the specific role/sector.
        *   Let's check Sense 1 again: "activity directed toward making or doing something". Example: "she checked several points needing further work".
        *   Often, when "work" is used in sociological or economic texts (like this Foundation report), referring to the sphere of production and labor relations, it maps to the concept of Employment/Job (Sense 3) or the specific activity (Sense 1).
        *   "Humanise the work" (the activity/task) vs "Humanise work" (the general concept of employment/labor).
        *   The phrase "increasing profitability" suggests a business context. "Work" here is the labor done by employees. Is it the *occupation* (Sense 3)? "Direct participation" allows employees to influence their *work* (activity).
        *   However, in many WSD systems, "work" in the context of "going to work", "conditions of work", "humanising work" is often mapped to Sense 3 (Employment) because it relates to the socio-economic role. But Sense 1 is "activity".
        *   Let's look at the provided definitions closely.
            *   Sense 1: Activity directed toward making/doing something. (Labor, toil).
            *   Sense 3: The occupation for which you are paid. (Employment).
        *   Sentence: "...direct participation can humanise work..."
        *   If it were Sense 1, it implies humanising the tasks.
        *   If it were Sense 3, it implies humanising the employment situation.
        *   "Humanise work" is a standard phrase in industrial relations (sociotechnical systems, quality of working life). It refers to making the *labor process* more human.
        *   Is the "labor process" Sense 1 or Sense 3?
        *   Sense 1 examples: "she checked several points needing further work". This is "work" as stuff to do.
        *   Sense 3 examples: "he is looking for employment". This is "work" as a job status or role.
        *   The text mentions "social partners" (unions/employers) and "profitability". This places it in the realm of industrial relations. In this domain, "work" is the count noun or mass noun referring to the place of employment or the state of employment? No, "humanise work" usually refers to the *nature* of the job.
        *   Let's consider Sense 6 (Workplace). "Humanise the workplace". This fits the sentiment perfectly. Does "work" mean "workplace"? The definition is "a place where work is done". Synonym: "workplace". Example: "arrived at work". The text says "humanise work", not "humanise the workplace" explicitly, but in English "work" can stand in for the location. "I'm going to work." "Conditions at work."
        *   However, "direct participation" (employees participating in decisions) humanises the *experience* or the *activity*.
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
            *   Sense 1: Activity.
            *   Sense 3: Occupation/Job.
        *   In "humanise work", if I change the nature of the tasks, it's Sense 1. If I change the job conditions, it might be Sense 3.
        *   Standard WSD mapping for "work" in this context (industrial relations):
            *   Context: "humanise work".
            *   This often maps to Sense 1 (activity/labor) or Sense 3 (employment).
            *   If I look at Sense 3, it's defined as "The occupation for which you are paid".
            *   If I look at Sense 1, it's defined as "Activity directed toward making or doing something".
            *   "Humanising work" involves changing the *activity* (less monotonous, more autonomy). This leans towards Sense 1.
            *   BUT, let's look at the WordNet lexicographer files.
            *   1:04:00 is `act`.
            *   1:04:01 is `occupation`. (Wait, usually `occupation` is `work%1:04:01`? Let me check the provided list).
            *   The provided list has:
                *   1: `work%1:04:00::` (activity) -> `act` file.
                *   3: `work%1:04:01::` (occupation) -> `occupation` file? No, usually `act` file covers activities. But `occupation` is a specific type of activity/role.
            *   Let's re-read the specific definitions provided in the prompt.
            *   Sense 3: "the occupation for which you are paid". Synonyms: employment.
            *   Sense 1: "activity directed toward making or doing something".
        *   Context clues: "profitability" (business/economic), "social partners" (employment relations).
        *   In "humanise work", is "work" the occupation? "He loves his work (occupation)." "He is at work (place)." "He has work to do (activity)."
        *   "Humanise the occupation"? "Humanise the activity"?
        *   Actually, in the context of "humanising work", it usually refers to the **workplace environment** or the **conditions of employment**.
        *   If I have to choose between Activity (1) and Employment (3).
            *   "Work" as "Employment" (Sense 3) often implies the state of having a job or the job itself. "Looking for work". "Out of work".
            *   "Work" as "Activity" (Sense 1). "Hard work". "Start work".
        *   There is a specific sense often used in European industrial relations texts for "work" (German *Arbeit*, French *travail*) which encompasses the whole sphere of labor.
        *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. It is very general. "Activity directed toward making or doing something".
        *   Let's look at Sense 3. "The occupation for which you are paid".
        *   Text: "humanise work while increasing profitability". Profitability is an outcome of the work process. "Humanise work" suggests changing the nature of the tasks/environment.
        *   Many WSD systems map "work" in "conditions of work" or "humanise work" to Sense 1 (Activity) because it refers to the exertion/labor aspect. However, Sense 3 (Employment) captures the economic relationship.
        *   Let's consider the phrase "direct participation". This affects how the work is *done*. This points to Activity (Sense 1).
        *   However, let's check the Sense 3 definition again: "the occupation for which you are paid".
        *   If the text meant "humanise the job" (make the role better), it would be Sense 3.
        *   If the text meant "humanise the labor" (make the doing of it better), it would be Sense 1.
        *   Let's look at the provided examples.
            *   Sense 1: "she checked several points needing further work". (Task-oriented).
            *   Sense 3: "he is looking for employment". (Status-oriented).
        *   The sentence discusses "humanising work". This usually refers to improving the quality of the working life (conditions, autonomy). This sits somewhat between the activity and the job.
        *   Let's check Sense 6 (Workplace) again. Definition: "a place where work is done". Synonym: workplace.
        *   "Humanise work" can be interpreted as "make the workplace more human". "Direct participation" affects the workplace environment.
        *   However, "humanise work" is a distinct phrase. It targets the *labor process*.
        *   Which sense covers "labor process"? Sense 1 (Activity).
        *   Which sense covers "Employment relations"? Sense 3.
        *   Let's look at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 (`work%1:04:00`) is the top-level activity sense.
        *   Sense 3 (`work%1:04:01`) is under `occupation`.
        *   Usually, when we talk about "work" in an economic context (profitability, social partners), we are talking about the sphere of employment (Sense 3).
        *   Example: "A lot of people are out of work." (Sense 3). "He is looking for work." (Sense 3).
        *   Here, the Foundation is studying the extent to which participation can humanise "work".
        *   Consider the collocation "humanise work". It is a concept from the Human Relations movement. It implies modifying the *job* or the *tasks*.
        *   If I say "My work is satisfying", I refer to the activity/job. If I say "I have work to do", it's Sense 1. If I say "I am going to work", it's Sense 6. If I say "I am looking for work", it's Sense 3.
        *   In this text: "humanise <t>work</t>". "Work" is being acted upon (humanised). Can you humanise an activity? Yes. Can you humanise an occupation? Less clear.
        *   Actually, Sense 1 is the most fundamental sense. "Activity directed toward making or doing something".
        *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: `employment`.
        *   "Humanise employment"? Sounds a bit static.
        *   "Humanise activity"? Sounds generic.
        *   "Humanise the job"? Possible.
        *   "Humanise the workplace"? (Sense 6). This is a very common interpretation of "humanise work" in business contexts. Improving the physical and psychological environment.
        *   However, the definition of Sense 6 is "a place where work is done". Is "work" in the text the *place*? "The study... assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work...".
        *   If participation humanises the *process*, it is Sense 1.
        *   If participation humanises the *environment/place*, it is Sense 6.
        *   The study is EPOC (Employee Direct Participation in Organisational Change). This deals with how employees participate in the *organization*. It affects the "work" (the labor process/job).
        *   Let's look at Sense 1 vs Sense 3 again.
        *   Sense 3 is "occupation for which you are paid".
        *   Sense 1 is "activity...".
        *   In "Humanise work", work is the mass noun for labor.
        *   WordNet distinguishes "work" (labor/activity) and "work" (job/occupation).
        *   Sense 1: "work" as exertion/labor.
        *   Sense 3: "work" as a role/status.
        *   "Humanise work" aims to reduce the alienating nature of labor. This targets the *activity* of laboring. Therefore, Sense 1 seems appropriate for the *process* aspect.
        *   BUT, Sense 3 is defined as "the occupation". Is "work" in "humanise work" the occupation? "He changed his work" (occupation)?
        *   Let's check WordNet annotations for similar contexts.
        *   Context: "conditions of work". Often tagged as Sense 1 (activity) or Sense 3 (employment). In SemCor, "work" as "labor" is Sense 1. "Work" as "job" is Sense 3.
        *   Example from SemCor for Sense 1: "The work of God". "Hard work".
        *   Example for Sense 3: "He gave up his work".
        *   Context: "humanise work".
        *   Is it the job? Or the activity?
        *   "Direct participation" affects how people do things (Activity).
        *   "Increasing profitability" is the result.
        *   I suspect Sense 3 (Employment) is the intended sense in many ontologies for "work" in a business context involving "social partners" (unions/employers). Social partners negotiate about "work" (employment, wages, conditions).
        *   Sense 3 definition: "the occupation for which you are paid".
        *   Sense 1 definition: "activity directed toward making or doing something".
        *   The phrase "humanise work" is a standard translation of concepts like "Humanisierung der Arbeit" (Humanisation of Work/Labor). *Arbeit* covers both work (activity) and employment.
        *   Let's look at the provided examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "she checked several points needing further work". This is "work" as things to do.
        *   Sense 3: "he is looking for employment". This is "work" as a job.
        *   In the sentence: "humanise work".
        *   If I substitute synonyms:
            *   "Humanise the activity directed toward making or doing something" -> Fits the process improvement angle.
            *   "Humanise the occupation for which you are paid" -> Fits the employment relations angle.
        *   Given "social partners" and "profitability", the context is Employment (Sense 3). The *topic* is the social institution of work.
        *   Sense 3 is the best fit for the *concept* of work as a socio-economic institution (employment). Sense 1 is more about specific exertion/tasks. When we talk about "work" in general terms in a report about social exclusion and welfare services, we are talking about the sphere of **employment**.
        *   The text discusses "social partners" (Employers/Unions). This vocabulary belongs to the world of Employment (Sense 3).
        *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

    Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    WordNet 3.0:
    1. work (n): activity directed toward making or doing something.
    2. work (n): a product produced or accomplished...
    3. work (n): employment, work (the occupation for which you are paid).

    The phrase "humanise work" refers to the quality of working life. This is a property of the employment situation. You wouldn't usually say "humanise the activity" in this specific register, you would say "humanise the workplace" or "humanise work" (meaning the conditions of employment).
    Although "humanise work" involves the activity, the *concept* referenced by the noun "work" in a discussion involving "social partners" (unions/employers) and "profitability" is "Employment".
    Sense 3 fits the domain (Employment/Economics).

    Let's check if Sense 6 fits better. "A place where work is done".
    "Humanise work" -> "Humanise the workplace".
    Is "work" used as "workplace" here?
    "He arrived at work early today."
    "Humanise work".
    Usually "humanise the workplace" is said if the place is meant. "Humanise work" implies the *nature* of the work/employment. The nature of the employment (Sense 3) or the activity (Sense 1).
    "Direct participation" changes the nature of the job. Sense 3 covers "occupation".
    I will stick with Sense 3 because "social partners" and "profitability" frame this as an employment/occupational issue.

    Final check:
    Sentence: "...direct participation can humanise <t>work</t> while increasing profitability."
    Sense 3: The occupation for which you are paid.
    Context: Social partners, public authorities, service provision. This is the world of work (employment).
    Sense 1 is too generic (could be housework, hobby work). The context specifies "paid" (profitability, senior officials, social partners).
    Therefore, Sense 3 captures the specific "paid employment" nuance present in the context.

    Result: Sense 3.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increasing
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while <t>increasing</t> profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `increase`
    *   Target surface form: `increasing`
    *   Context snippet: "...direct participation can humanise work while **increasing** profitability."

2.  **Analyze the syntactic role:**
    *   The phrase is "while increasing profitability".
    *   "while" + participle clause.
    *   Who is doing the increasing? The subject of the main clause is "direct participation". So, direct participation increases profitability.
    *   Therefore, "increasing" has a transitive/causative sense here: "direct participation" causes "profitability" to become greater.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `increase%2:30:00::`
        *   Definition: "become bigger or greater in amount"
        *   Examples: "The amount of work increased"
        *   Syntactic role: Intransitive (ergative). The subject undergoes the change.
        *   Analysis: This fits if "profitability" were the subject (e.g., "Profitability is increasing"). However, in the context, "direct participation" is the agent causing the increase. The structure "X increases Y" or "X does ... while increasing Y" implies an external agent.

    *   **Sense 2:** `increase%2:30:02::`
        *   Definition: "make bigger or more"
        *   Examples: "The boss finally increased her salary"; "The university increased the number of students it admitted"
        *   Syntactic role: Transitive. Agent increases Object.
        *   Analysis: "Direct participation... increasing profitability." -> Direct participation (Agent) makes profitability (Object) bigger. This matches the definition "make bigger or more".

4.  **Compare against context:**
    *   The sentence says direct participation can humanise work while *increasing* profitability.
    *   It means direct participation causes profitability to rise.
    *   Sense 1 is inchoative/intransitive ("become...").
    *   Sense 2 is causative/transitive ("make...").
    *   The participial clause "while increasing profitability" acts as a reduced adverbial clause: "while [it] increases profitability". The implicit subject is "direct participation". Since "direct participation" is performing the action on "profitability", the transitive sense is required.

5.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 2 is the correct choice because it captures the transitive/causative meaning required by the syntactic structure (Agent increasing Object).

6.  **Format the output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 2}`

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The <t>study</t> is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants Analysis:**
- The sentence containing the target word is: "The Foundation recently published a comparative **study** as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The **study** is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials..."
- Wait, looking closely at the provided text, there are two mentions. The first is: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study..." and the second is: "The <t>study</t> is based on 195...". The XML tag `<t>` marks the specific instance to disambiguate.
- The context describes a "comparative study" that was "published" by "The Foundation".
- It is part of a project (EPOC).
- It "assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work".
- It is "based on 195 personal interviews".
- It is referred to as something that can be "published".

**Candidate Sense Evaluation:**

1.  **Sense 1 (study%1:04:00::):** "a detailed critical inspection" | synonyms=survey.
    *   Does it fit? A study often involves inspection, but the context emphasizes the *product* of this inspection—a report that was published. "A comparative study" usually refers to the resulting document or the research project output. However, the synonym "survey" fits somewhat, but usually, if you publish a "study", you are publishing a document.

2.  **Sense 2 (study%1:09:03::):** "applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject..." | synonyms=work.
    *   Does it fit? No. This refers to the act/process of studying (like a student does" an act of studying in this sense, though you might publish the results.

3.  **Sense 3 (study%1:10:00::):** "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" | synonyms=report, written report.
    *   Does it fit? Yes. The text says "The Foundation recently published a comparative study". You publish a document. The "study" is based on interviews, implying it contains the findings. The definition matches perfectly: a written document describing findings. The example "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" is very similar to "The Foundation recently published a comparative study".

4.  **Sense 4 (study%1:09:04::):** "a state of deep mental absorption".
    *   Does it fit? No.

5.  **Sense 5 (study%1:06:00::):** "a room used for reading and writing and studying fit? No.

6.  **Sense 6 (study%1:09:02::):** "a branch of knowledge".
    *   Does it fit? No. It's a specific output ("The study... is based on..."), not a field like biology.

7.  **Sense 7 (study%1:06:01::):** "preliminary drawing for later elaboration".
    *   Does it fit? No.

8.  **Sense 8 (study%1:09:01::):** "attentive consideration and:00::):** "someone who memorizes quickly".
    *   Does it fit? No.

10. **Sense 10 (study%1:10:01::):** "a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique".
    *   Does it fit? No.

**Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
- Sense 1 emphasizes the "inspection" or the activity.
- Sense 3 The context says the Foundation *published* the study. While you can publish the results of an inspection, the most natural reading of "published a study" is publishing the document containing the research. The subsequent sentence refers to what the study is *based on* (interviews), reinforcing that it is a report of findings.
- Sense 3's definition "a written document describing the findings" and synonym "report" align best with "published a comparative study".

Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.

**Final Check:**
Context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study..."
Definition: "a written document describing the findings..."
Synonyms: "report"
Example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"

The match is strong.

Index: 3 (based on the list provided in the prompt, which numbers them 1 through 10).

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is <t>based</t> on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: `base`
    *   Target surface form: `based`
    *   Context sentence: "The study is <t>based</t> on 195 personal interviews with senior officials..."
    *   Wider context: Discusses a comparative study by the Foundation, assessing direct participation, involving interviews with senior officials.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `base%2:31:00::` | Definition: "use as a basis for; found on" | Synonyms: establish, ground, found | Examples: "base a claim on some observation".
    *   Sense 2: `base%2:42:04::` | Definition: "situate as a center of operations" | Examples: "we will base this project in the new lab".
    *   Sense 3: `base%2:34:00::` | Definition: "use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes" | Synonyms: free-base.

3.  **Evaluate the Fit:**
    *   *Context Fit:* The sentence says "The study is based on 195 personal interviews". This describes the foundation or the support for the study. The study derives its evidence or justification from the interviews.
    *   *Sense 3 Check:* Does the study use cocaine? No. Eliminate Sense 3.
    *   *Sense 2 Check:* Does the sentence mean the study is located physically at the interviews? No, "situate as a center of operations" usually implies a physical location or a headquarters (e.g., "based in New York"). The preposition "on" strongly suggests a foundation/grounding meaning rather than a location.
    *   *Sense 1 Check:* Does the sentence mean the study uses the interviews as a basis or foundation? Yes. "Base a claim on some observation" parallels "base a study on interviews". The definition "use as a basis for; found on" fits perfectly. The study is founded/grounded on the data collected.

4.  **Select the Best Index:**
    *   Sense 1 matches the meaning "founded on" or "grounded on".

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The instruction requires a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Selected index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 <t>personal</t> interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:** The target is "personal" (adjective) modifying "interviews".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "The study is based on 195 <t>personal</t> interviews with senior officials..."
    *   Contextual meaning: The interviews were conducted face-to-face or directly with the individuals involved, rather than being surveys, phone calls, or impersonal data collection. The phrase "personal interviews" usually implies direct, private interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality` (examples: "a personal favor", "for your personal use").
        *   *Analysis:* Does "personal interview" mean an interview about private life? No. It describes the *manner* or *nature* of the interaction. While it affects a person, the definition focuses on "private life and personality," which isn't the primary meaning here. The interviews are professional ("senior officials", "social partners").

    *   **Sense 2:** `particular to a given individual` (synonyms: subjective).
        *   *Analysis:* This usually contrasts with "objective" or "general". Does "personal interview" mean "subjective interview"? No. It implies direct interaction. However, WordNet often lumps "done by an individual themselves" or "pertaining to a specific individual" under similar definitions, but let's look closer at the specific nuances. Actually, WordNet structure often puts "private" or "direct" senses here in some versions, but strictly looking at the provided definition "particular to a given individual", it's a bit ambiguous. Let's look for a better fit. Wait, standard dictionaries (OALD, Merriam-Webster) often distinguish "personal" as "involving direct interaction" or "face-to-face".
        *   Let's re-read the provided WordNet glosses carefully. None explicitly say "face-to-face".
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person". An interview is directed at a specific person.
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This usually applies to opinions ("a personal opinion") or tastes.
        *   Is there a mismatch between WordNet's granular definitions and the usage "personal interview"? "Personal interview" usually means a private, face-to-face meeting.

    *   Let's look at how WordNet (3.0/3.1) organizes "personal".
        *   Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person...
        *   Sense 2: particular to a given individual (syn: subjective) -> "personal taste".
        *   ...

    *   Let's analyze the phrase "personal interview" again.
        *   It usually contrasts with telephone interviews or mail surveys. It implies direct contact.
        *   Which definition fits best?
        *   Sense 1: "concerning... a particular person". This is the most general definition. It covers the private nature of the interaction. The interview is "personal" because it is directed at that specific person's knowledge/views, often privately.
        *   Let's check if Sense 2 fits better. "Particular to a given individual". Does the interview belong only to that individual? No.
        *   Sense 1 is the default/catch-all for "private" or "directly involving the person". In "personal interview", the "personal" aspect emphasizes that it is conducted with a specific person (often privately/individually), rather than a group or remote method.
        *   Common lexicographic mappings for "personal interview" link to the sense of "private" or "pertaining to a specific person".

    *   Let's look at the options again.
        *   Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person...
        *   Sense 2: particular to a given individual (syn: subjective).
        *   Sense 3: of or arising from personality.
        *   Sense 4: intimately concerning a person's body...
        *   Sense 5: grammatical person.

    *   Elimination process:
        *   Sense 3 is wrong (not about charisma).
        *   Sense 4 is wrong (not about hygiene/bodies).
        *   Sense 5 is wrong (not grammar).
        *   Choice is between Sense 1 and Sense 2.
        *   Sense 2 examples usually involve opinions, tastes, or idiosyncrasies.
        *   Sense 1 examples involve favors, use, or belongings.
        *   "Personal interview" fits the category of interaction specific to a person. It's not "subjective" (Sense 2). It relates to the "particular person" aspect of Sense 1. While "face-to-face" isn't explicitly in the gloss, it falls under the umbrella of "concerning a particular person" (individual attention). In WordNet disambiguation tasks, general adjectives describing individual/private interaction usually fall under the first sense (the 'private/particular person' sense) rather than the 'subjective' sense.

    *   Let's double check standard WSD mappings (e.g., SemCor).
        *   "Personal interview" -> The interview is for the person, involving the person directly.
        *   Gloss for Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality".
        *   Gloss for Sense 2: "particular to a given individual".
        *   Often, Sense 2 is used for things like "personal opinion" or "personal style" (idiosyncratic).
        *   "Personal interview" is about the mode of interaction (private/individual).
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit among the provided options. It captures the "particular person" aspect (individual interview) without the "subjective" connotation of Sense 2.

    *   Is there any other interpretation? Could it mean "private"? Yes. Private meetings fall under Sense 1.
    *   Could it mean "physical" (face-to-face)? No, that's usually not the primary WordNet sense for "personal", though it is a pragmatic interpretation. However, Sense 4 restricts "physical" to "hygiene" or "liberty" usually. Actually, Sense 4 says "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being". Face-to-face is not about the body in that sense.
    *   So we circle back to Sense 1. The interview concerns the particular person (the senior official) directly.

    *   Comparison:
        *   Sense 1: Broad scope covering private/individual matters. Includes "personal physician", "personal call", "personal interview".
        *   Sense 2: "Subjective". "Personal prejudice", "personal preference".
        *   The interviews are data collection methods. They are "personal" because they are conducted individually with the person. This aligns with "concerning a particular person" (Sense 1).

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "a personal favor", "for your personal use".
    *   "Personal interview" implies an interview directed at the person.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2. "Particular to a given individual".
    *   Example: "a personal smell", "personal taste".
    *   "Personal interview" -> The interview is not unique to the individual in the sense that the *format* is unique to them (like a fingerprint). The format is just "face-to-face" or "individual". The "particular person" aspect of Sense 1 fits better. It concerns the person.

    *   Decision: Sense 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: interview
Target surface form: interviews
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal <t>interviews</t> with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=interview%1:10:01:: | definition=the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists | examples=my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds
2. sense_key=interview%1:10:00:: | definition=a conference (usually with someone important) | synonyms=consultation, audience | examples=he had a consultation with the judge; he requested an audience with the king

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: interview
    *   Target surface form: interviews
    *   Context snippet: "The study is based on 195 personal <t>interviews</t> with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `interview%1:10:01::`
        *   Definition: "the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists"
        *   Examples: "my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds"
        *   Focus: Eliciting information, questioning, data gathering (often qualitative).

    *   **Sense 2:** `interview%2:32:00::` (Wait, looking at the prompt's numbered list)
        *   **Sense 2** in the prompt: `interview%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: "a conference (usually with someone important)"
        *   Synonyms: consultation, audience
        *   Examples: "he had a consultation with the judge; he requested an audience with the king"
        *   Focus: A formal meeting with an important person, seeking permission or counsel (like an audience).

3.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   The context describes a "comparative study" (the EPOC project) assessing "direct participation".
    *   The specific phrase is "195 personal <t>interviews</t> with senior officials...".
    *   The purpose of these interviews is research/data collection for a study ("The study is based on...").
    *   Does this fit Sense 1? Yes. It is "questioning of a person... information is elicited". The example "my interviews with teenagers revealed..." is structurally very similar to "interviews with senior officials...".
    *   Does this fit Sense 2? Sense 2 implies a formal conference with a VIP for the sake of the meeting itself (like an audience with a king or a consultation with a doctor/judge). While the officials are important, the context emphasizes the methodology of a study (gathering data), not the ceremonial or singular privilege of meeting them. "Personal interviews" in a study context clearly points to data collection via questioning.

4.  **Determine the best fit:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for a research interview or data-gathering session.
    *   Sense 2 is more about a formal audience or consultation (medical/legal/royal).

    The text says the study is "based on" these interviews. This implies they are sources of data. Therefore, they are instances of questioning/information eliciting.

    Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

    (Self-correction/Refinement): Let's double-check the numbering in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=interview%1:10:01:: (questioning)
    2. sense_key=interview%1:10:00:: (conference/audience)

    Context: "195 personal interviews... study is based on..."
    Matches sense 1 (questioning to elicit information).

    Result: index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: senior
Target surface form: senior
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with <t>senior</t> officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=senior%3:00:00:: | definition=older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service | examples=senior officer
2. sense_key=senior%5:00:00:last:00 | definition=used of the fourth and final year in United States high school or college | synonyms=fourth-year | examples=the senior prom
3. sense_key=senior%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables) | synonyms=aged, elderly, older | examples=aged members of the society; elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The target word is "senior" in the phrase: "senior officials of the social partners".
    *   Context sentence: "The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   Broader context: A conference/study involving public authorities, social partners, organizations, service users, European Commission, etc. It talks about interviews with "senior officials".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service". Example: "senior officer".
    *   **Sense 2:** "used of the fourth and final year in United States high school or college". Synonyms: "fourth-year". Example: "the senior prom".
    *   **Sense 3:** "advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables)". Synonyms: "aged, elderly, older". Example: "elderly residents".

3.  **Disambiguate:**
    *   The target phrase is "senior officials".
    *   Does it mean they are in their final year of high school/college? No, this is a professional context involving European organizations and social partners. (Eliminate Sense 2).
    *   Does it mean they are elderly/aged? While a senior official *can* be elderly, the primary meaning of "senior" in a job title or organizational role is about rank or position, not necessarily physical age in terms of being "elderly". "Senior official" implies high rank, authority, or tenure in the job, not just being old. Sense 3 is about being "aged" or "elderly".
    *   Does it mean higher in rank? Yes. Sense 1 covers "higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service". The example "senior officer" is semantically identical to "senior official" in the context. This fits perfectly.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition for someone holding a high rank or position within an organization (a senior official).

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 is index 1.

    *   Double check indices:
        *   1 -> senior%3:00:00:: (higher in rank...)
        *   2 -> senior%5:00:00:last:00 (school year...)
        *   3 -> senior%5:00:00:old:02 (elderly...)

    *   Choice is index 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior <t>officials</t> of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "officials" (noun, plural) in the context "senior officials of the social partners".

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses a European conference on social exclusion, public welfare services, and a comparative study (EPOC project).
    *   The specific sentence is: "The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   The "social partners" usually refers to representatives of employers and employees (unions), plus sometimes government bodies, in a tripartite or bipartite dialogue context.
    *   The phrase "senior officials" here refers to people holding bureaucratic or administrative positions within these organizations. They are functionaries or administrators, not sports referees.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `official%1:18:01::` | Definition: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" | Synonyms: "functionary".
        *   This fits well. "Senior officials" in organizations (unions, employer associations, government ministries) are people who hold an office or position of authority/responsibility. "Functionary" is a good synonym here.
    *   **Sense 2:** `official%1:18:00::` | Definition: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport" | Examples: "the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling".
        *   This refers specifically to a referee or umpire in sports. The context is about social policy, European organizations, and interviews. There is no mention of sports or games.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct general definition for someone holding an office or position in an organization or government.
    *   Sense 2 is specific to sports and is clearly inappropriate for the context of social partners and welfare services.

5.  **Format the Output:** The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

    The correct choice is Sense 1.

    JSON output: `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the <t>social</t> partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word**: The target word is "social" used as an adjective modifying "partners" in the phrase "social partners".

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The sentence mentions: "senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   Earlier in the text, it mentions: "social partners, voluntary and community organisations".
    *   The context is discussing industrial relations, public authorities, welfare services, and European countries.
    *   "Social partners" is a specific term used in European industrial relations to refer to representatives of labor (trade unions) and management (employers' organizations).

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `social%3:01:00::` | Definition: "relating to human society and its members" | Synonyms: `societal` | Examples: "social institutions", "societal evolution".
        *   This is a broad sense. Does it fit "social partners"? "Social partners" refers to organizations within society (employers and unions). The term relates to the societal structure of work and employment. This seems plausible.

    *   **Sense 2**: `social%3:00:00::` | Definition: "living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups" | Examples: "a human being is a social animal", "mature social behavior".
        *   This refers to behavior or biological inclination. It does not fit "social partners" in the context of industrial relations.

    *   **Sense 3**: `social%3:01:02::` | Definition: "relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society" | Examples: "made fun of her being so social and high-toned", "a social gossip colum".
        *   This refers to elite society/fashionable society. This is not relevant to the context of industrial relations and welfare services.

    *   **Sense 4**: `social%5:00:00:sociable:00` | Definition: "composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability" | Examples: "a purely social club", "the church has a large social hall".
        *   This refers to leisure/sociability. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 5**: `social%5:00:00:gregarious:00` | Definition: "tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind" | Examples: "ants are social insects".
        *   Biological sense. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 6**: `social%5:00:00:friendly:01` | Definition: "marked by friendly companionship with others" | Examples: "a social cup of coffee".
        *   Friendly interaction. Not relevant.

4.  **Select the Best Sense**:
    *   The phrase "social partners" (partners sociaux) refers to the representatives of employers and employees (trade unions) operating within the societal framework, particularly in the context of the European Union and industrial relations.
    *   Sense 1 ("relating to human society and its members") is the only definition broad enough and semantically appropriate to cover the term "social partners". These partners act within the society structure (labor vs. management) to negotiate agreements that affect society.
    *   While "social partners" is a fixed term of art, its meaning maps closest to Sense 1 (relating to society). The partners are institutions/groups relating to the organization of society and economy.

5.  **Double Check**:
    *   Does "social partners" fit "relating to human society and its members"? Yes. They are societal actors.
    *   Does it fit any other sense? No. It's not about high society (3), not about being friendly (6), not about biological grouping (5), not about a social club (4), and not just about "social behavior" (2) in the behavioral sense.

    *   Note: In some specialized dictionaries, "social partners" might have a specific definition, but within the constraints of the provided WordNet senses, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It captures the "societal" aspect of the partnership between labor and capital.

    *   Target phrase: "social partners".
    *   Sense 1 synonym: "societal". "Societal partners"? It's not the standard phrase, but it explains the *type* of partners (partners in society/governance).
    *   Sense 1 definition: "relating to human society and its members". The partners represent members of society (workers and employers).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct index.

    Index 1 corresponds to `social%3:01:00::`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representatives
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as <t>representatives</t> of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: representative
    *   Target surface form: representatives
    *   Context sentence: "The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as <t>representatives</t> of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   Surrounding context mentions: "senior officials of the social partners", "national level peak organisations", "European countries". This is about people acting on behalf of organizations (social partners) in a specific study.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "a person who represents others".
        *   This is the most general sense. It fits grammatically and semantically. The "senior officials" are acting as representatives of the organizations.

    *   **Sense 2:** "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose".
        *   Synonyms: spokesperson, interpreter, voice.
        *   Example: "the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government".
        *   Analysis: The context describes "senior officials of the social partners". Social partners usually refer to employers' organizations and trade unions. These officials act as representatives. The definition mentions "advocate" and "policy or purpose". The synonym "spokesperson" fits quite well with "senior officials". However, Sense 1 is the hypernym (general term) for Sense 2. The question is whether these specific "representatives" are just standing in for others (Sense 1) or acting as advocates/spokespersons (Sense 2).
        *   In the context of industrial relations and European social dialogue (implied by "social partners"), "representatives" usually refers to designated agents acting for a group. Sense 2 emphasizes the role of speaking for or advocating for a policy. "Senior officials" acting for "peak organisations" are indeed acting as the voice/spokespersons for those organizations.
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 again. WordNet often distinguishes between the general "person who represents" and the specific functional role of an agent/advocate/spokesperson.
        *   The phrase "as representatives of national level peak organisations" suggests they are the designated agents/spokespersons for these groups.
        *   Is it Sense 1 or Sense 2?
        *   Sense 1 is often used for legislative representatives (though Sense 3 covers US House specifically) or just general proxies.
        *   Sense 2 has synonyms "spokesperson, interpreter, voice". The text mentions "senior officials". Officials usually speak for the organization.
        *   However, let's look at the WordNet hierarchy. Sense 1 is the hypernym. Often, if a specific role (advocate/spokesperson) fits well, it is preferred over the general definition, unless the context implies a legislative role (Sense 3) or a typical example (Sense 4).
        *   Wait, let's look at the specific wording. "senior officials ... as representatives".
        *   Sense 1: "a person who represents others". Very broad.
        *   Sense 2: "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose". The context is a study interviewing them about participation and profitability. They are representing the "policy or purpose" of the social partners (unions/employer associations).
        *   Sense 3: US House of Representatives. The context is European (fifteen European countries). So this is incorrect.
        *   Sense 4: "an item of information that is typical of a class". The sentence says "as representatives of... organisations". This refers to people, not examples/instances of data. Incorrect.

    *   **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
        *   Context: "senior officials of the social partners".
        *   Role: They are being interviewed to get information about the organization/sector. They represent the organization's view.
        *   Sense 2's definition "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose" fits the role of a union official or employer association official very well. They advocate for their members' interests.
        *   Sense 1 is the generic hypernym.
        *   Usually, WordNet sense inventories prefer the more specific sense if applicable. Sense 2 includes synonyms "spokesperson" and "voice".
        *   Let's check the mapping in similar contexts (SemCor or similar). "Representatives of the government" often map to Sense 2 (spokesperson/agent) rather than Sense 1 (generic), because they are acting in an official capacity regarding policy/purpose.
        *   The phrase "social partners" in European contexts refers to representatives of management and labor. Their defining characteristic is representing the interests (policies/purposes) of their constituents.
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the strongest candidate.

3.  **Double check constraints:**
    *   "Do not hedge."
    *   "Choose the single best indexed sense."
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Sense 3 (US House) is wrong (European context).
    *   Sense 4 (Example/Instance) is wrong (refers to people).
    *   Sense 1 (Generic) vs Sense 2 (Advocate/Spokesperson).
    *   The context involves "senior officials" of "social partners" (unions/employers) speaking for "national level peak organisations". They are the voice/spokesperson for the group. This aligns perfectly with Sense 2's synonyms and definition ("represents someone else's policy or purpose"). Sense 1 is too generic. Sense 2 captures the functional role of an official representing an organization's stance.

    *   *Self-Correction/Verification:* Is Sense 1 ever used for this? Sometimes "representative" in the generic sense. But Sense 2 specifically calls out "advocate" and "policy or purpose". The "social partners" are defined by their collective bargaining and policy-making roles. Thus, Sense 2 is more precise.

    Let's re-read the Sense 1 definition: "a person who represents others".
    Let's re-read the Sense 2 definition: "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose".
    The text says "as representatives of national level peak organisations".
    Being a representative *of an organization* usually implies representing its policy/purpose.
    The example for Sense 2 is "spokespersons for all the major organs of government".
    The text is "senior officials ... as representatives ... of ... organisations".
    This seems parallel to the Sense 2 example.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

    Index mapping:
    1 -> representative%1:18:00::
    2 -> representative%1:18:02::
    3 -> representative%1:18:01::
    4 -> representative%1:09:00::

    I need to return index 2.

provider: Phala