[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attack
Target surface form: attacking
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also <t>attacking</t> the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attack%2:33:00:: | definition=launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with | synonyms=assail | examples=Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II; Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week
2. sense_key=attack%2:32:00:: | definition=attack in speech or writing | synonyms=round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault | examples=The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker
3. sense_key=attack%2:33:01:: | definition=take the initiative and go on the offensive | synonyms=aggress | examples=The Serbs attacked the village at night; The visiting team started to attack
4. sense_key=attack%2:33:02:: | definition=attack someone physically or emotionally | synonyms=assail, assault, set on | examples=The mugger assaulted the woman; Nightmares assailed him regularly
5. sense_key=attack%2:30:00:: | definition=set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task | examples=I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed
6. sense_key=attack%2:29:00:: | definition=begin to injure | examples=The cancer cells are attacking his liver; Rust is attacking the metal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "attacking" in the context: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities (military/warfare)
2. attack in speech or writing
3. take the initiative and go on the offensive (sports/military)
4. attack someone physically or emotionally
5. set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task (e.g., "I attacked the problem")
6. begin to injure (e.g., "The cancer cells are attacking his liver")

In the context, Mr. Baldwin is "attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
This matches sense 5: "set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task" (example: "I attacked the problem").

So the best sense is sense 5.
Index: 5


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater <t>problem</t>: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   Target word: "problem".
    *   Sentence: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the decline of church bell ringing, the relationship between ringers and the church, and specifically mentions a survey showing a drop in active ringers (100,000 trained vs 40,000 active).
    *   Meaning in context: The "problem" here refers to the *situation* or *state of affairs* causing difficulty (the shortage of people to ring bells). It is a matter that needs to be addressed or resolved. It's not a mathematical question, nor is it simply a source of trouble in the sense of a specific event, but rather a general condition of difficulty.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1 (problem%1:26:00::)**:
        *   Definition: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
        *   Synonyms: job
        *   Examples: "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"
        *   Fit: This sense refers to a condition or state (like "having problems" in a marriage). The "lack of ringers" is a state of difficulty needing resolution. Mr. Baldwin is "attacking" (trying to solve) this problem. This fits well.

    *   **Sense 2 (problem%1:10:00::)**:
        *   Definition: "a question raised for consideration or solution"
        *   Examples: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve"
        *   Fit: This sense usually refers to academic questions, puzzles, or math problems. The lack of ringers is not a question or a puzzle to be solved in the academic sense; it is a real-world difficulty. This is a poor fit.

    *   **Sense 3 (problem%1:09:00::)**:
        *   Definition: "a source of difficulty"
        *   Synonyms: trouble
        *   Examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?"
        *   Fit: This sense often overlaps with Sense 1, but usually emphasizes the *source* or *cause* of the difficulty, often synonymous with "trouble". The example "what's the problem?" usually asks for the specific issue.
        *   Comparison with Sense 1: Sense 1 ("a state of difficulty") encompasses the broader situation. The "lack of ringers" is indeed a source of difficulty, but it functions here as a specific problematic situation that needs management/resolution. In WordNet hierarchies (1:26 refers to `state` under `entity`), Sense 1 is a "state". Sense 3 (1:09 refers to `phenomenon` -> `process` -> `entity`) or specifically `event`/`happening`. Let's look at the hierarchy.
            *   Sense 1: `state` -> `difficulty` -> `problem`. This captures the ongoing situation of having a shortage.
            *   Sense 3: `entity` -> `object` -> `whole` -> `living_thing`? No, 1:09 usually maps to `event` / `happening` or `cause`. Actually, let's check the standard mapping.
            *   WordNet 3.1/3.0 mappings:
                *   Sense 1 (1:26:00): `state`. "a state of difficulty..."
                *   Sense 3 (1:09:00): `event`? Or `entity`? Actually, `trouble` is a synonym. "a source of difficulty". Usually used for specific troubles (e.g., "heart trouble").
            *   Let's look at the phrasing "attacking the greater problem". You attack a situation or a task (Sense 1 synonym "job").
            *   If I say "The problem is a lack of ringers", I am describing a state of affairs. Sense 1 covers "having problems".
            *   Sense 3 is often used in the phrase "What's the problem?" or specific troubles.
            *   The distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 3 can be subtle. Sense 1 is often abstract/general ("we have a problem"). Sense 3 is often the specific cause.
            *   However, "lack of ringers" is a "state of difficulty".
            *   Let's look at the examples again.
                *   Sense 1 Ex: "she and her husband are having problems" (Relationship state).
                *   Sense 3 Ex: "one trouble after another delayed the job" (Specific events/occurrences).
            *   The "lack of ringers" is an ongoing state, not a discrete event like "one trouble after another". It fits "state of difficulty" (Sense 1) better.

3.  **Final Decision**:
    *   The context describes a shortage of personnel. This is a condition or state of difficulty facing the organization.
    *   Sense 1 definition "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" matches perfectly with an organizational issue like a shortage of staff.
    *   Sense 2 is for academic/math questions.
    *   Sense 3 is "source of difficulty" / "trouble". While related, Sense 1's classification as a "state" fits "lack of ringers" (a condition) better than Sense 3's classification (often associated with specific instances of trouble or phenomena).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of <t>ringers</t>. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: "ringer" (plural: "ringers").
    *   Context: The text discusses church bells, the "Central Council of Church Bell Ringers," vicars, theological colleges, and the joys of "bell ringing." It mentions Mr. Baldwin attacking the problem of lack of "ringers." It states there are 100,000 trained "bellringers" in England.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `ringer%1:18:02::` | Definition: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | Synonyms: toller, bell ringer.
    *   Sense 2: `ringer%1:18:01::` | Definition: a person who is almost identical to another | Synonyms: dead ringer, clone.
    *   Sense 3: `ringer%1:18:00::` | Definition: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses.
    *   Sense 4: `ringer%1:04:00::` | Definition: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg.

3.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    *   The context explicitly mentions "church bells," "Central Council of Church Bell Ringers," "bell ringing," and "trained bellringer."
    *   The phrase "lack of ringers" refers to the shortage of people to perform the act of ringing bells in churches.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a person who rings church bells." The context explicitly uses the compound "bell ringers" and refers to people trained to ring.
    *   Sense 2 (dead ringer/lookalike) is irrelevant to church bells.
    *   Sense 3 (imposter contestant) is irrelevant to church bells.
    *   Sense 4 (horseshoes game) is irrelevant to church bells.

4.  **Determine the Best Sense Index:**
    *   Sense 1 is the clear match.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   Return a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survey
Target surface form: survey
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One <t>survey</t> says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "survey" in this passage.

The context discusses a problem with bell ringers in churches. The specific sentence is:
"One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."

Let me look at the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited

In the context, "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring," the word "survey" refers to some kind of study or research that was conducted to gather information about bell ringers. The survey provided statistics about how many bell ringers there are and how many are still active.

The sense that best fits this usage is sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" with the synonym "study". This matches how "survey" is used in the context - it's referring to a systematic investigation or study that was conducted to gather data about bell ringers.

Sense 2 is about a "short descriptive summary of events," which doesn't quite fit here because the survey isn't summarizing events, but rather collecting and presenting data about the current state of bell ringers.

Sense 3 is about "the act of looking or seeing or observing," which is more about visual observation and doesn't fit the context where "survey" refers to a research study with quantitative findings.

So the best indexed sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine the best sense for the target word "says" in this context.

The context is: "One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."

In this context, "says" is being used to describe what a survey reports or states. The survey is communicating information/facts that it contains or has found.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
   - This could work, as the survey is expressing/stating information in words.

2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
   - This could also work, as a survey "reports" findings.

3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
   - Not appropriate here; the survey isn't making a supposition.

4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
   - This could work! A survey "contains" certain findings or information. This is similar to "what does the law say?" or "what does the passage read?"

5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
   - Not appropriate; the survey isn't giving instructions.

6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
   - Not appropriate; this is about pronunciation.

7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
   - Not appropriate; this is about nonverbal communication.

8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
   - Not appropriate; a survey doesn't "utter" anything aloud.

9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
   - This could somewhat work, but it's more about opinions/judgments.

10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
    - Not appropriate; the survey isn't reciting anything.

11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
    - This could work! A survey "indicates" findings, similar to how a clock "indicates" the time.

Now let me compare the most likely candidates:
- Sense 1: "express in words" - The survey expresses findings in words.
- Sense 2: "report or maintain" - The survey reports findings.
- Sense 4: "have or contain a certain wording or form" - The survey contains certain information.
- Sense 11: "indicate" - The survey indicates findings.

Let me think more carefully. In the context "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring," the survey is being treated as an entity that can communicate information. This is a common pattern where inanimate objects (like documents, surveys, clocks, signs) are treated as if they can "speak" or communicate.

Sense 4 "have or contain a certain wording or form" (synonym: read) seems very fitting. Just as "The law says..." or "The passage reads...", a survey "says" something when it contains certain information or findings. This is about written content containing/expressing information.

Sense 11 "indicate" also works well - surveys indicate findings, just as clocks indicate time. But let me check if this sense is really about inanimate objects indicating things. The example "The clock says noon" matches well with "The survey says..."

Sense 2 "report or maintain" with synonyms "allege, aver" seems more about people making claims or allegations, not necessarily about written documents or surveys.

I think the best fit is Sense 4 "have or contain a certain wording or form" (synonym: read). The survey contains certain findings/information, similar to how a passage "reads" or a law "says" something. This is a very common usage for written documents, surveys, reports, etc.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 with definition "express in words" and examples like "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is the most general sense of "say" meaning to state or express something in words. In the context, the survey (as an inanimate object conventionally treated as a communicator) expresses/states information in words. This is the most basic sense of "say" and would work for a survey "saying" something.

But I think Sense 4 is more specific and appropriate for inanimate written documents. The examples "The passage reads as follows" and "What does the law say?" are very similar to "The survey says..." - all involving written text that contains/expresses information.

I'll go with Sense 4.

{"sense_index": 4}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringer
Target surface form: bellringers
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained <t>bellringers</t> in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
2. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who plays musical handbells
3. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal | synonyms=bull's eye, mark, home run | examples=the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer; scored a bull's eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Target Lemma: `bell_ringer`
    *   Surface Form: `bellringers` (plural noun)

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers..." -> Explicitly mentions "Church Bell Ringers".
    *   "...aims to improve relations with vicars..." -> Context involves church settings.
    *   "...speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing..." -> Context is about ringing church bells.
    *   "...entitled, 'The Bells in Your Care.'" -> Refers to church bells.
    *   "...lack of ringers." -> Used as a shortened term for bell ringers.
    *   "...of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today..." -> Refers to people.
    *   "...ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches." -> Explicit context of ringing bells in churches/parishes.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `bell_ringer%1:18:01::`
        *   Definition: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
        *   Synonyms: `toller`, `ringer`
        *   Fit: The context discusses "Church Bell Ringers", relations with vicars, theological colleges, parishes, and "where the bells need to be rung". This matches perfectly. The text explicitly talks about people ringing church bells.

    *   **Sense 2:** `bell_ringer%1:18:00::`
        *   Definition: someone who plays musical handbells
        *   Fit: The context refers to "The Bells in Your Care" (usually large church tower bells), "parishes", and "vicars". It refers to "ringing" in the context of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. While handbell ringers exist, the specific context of "vicars", "parishes", and the title "The Bells in Your Care" usually implies tower bells (change ringing), not handbell choirs. The definition specifies "musical handbells". Sense 1 is a broader or specific match for church tower bells, which is the primary activity of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers (campanology/change ringing).

    *   **Sense 3:** `bell_ringer%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal
        *   Synonyms: bull's eye, mark, home run
        *   Examples: "the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer"
        *   Fit: This is a metaphorical sense. The context clearly refers to human beings ("trained bellringers", "ringer themselves", "live where the bells need to be rung"). This sense is incorrect.

4.  **Decision:**
    *   The context is explicitly about people who ring church bells (tower bells) within a religious/parish context.
    *   Sense 1 defines the person ringing church bells.
    *   Sense 2 defines someone playing handbells.
    *   The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers governs change ringing on tower bells. While handbells are part of the tradition, the "Church Bell Ringer" entity and the reference to "where the bells need to be rung" (implying location of the tower) strongly points to Sense 1.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 mentions "church bells". Sense 2 mentions "handbells". The text mentions "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers". Church bell ringing is Sense 1. Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   JSON format required.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England <t>today</t>, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target lemma:** today
    *   **Target surface form:** today
    *   **Context:** A text about bell ringers and the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. The specific sentence is: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England <t>today</t>, only 40,000 of them still ring."
    *   **Candidate senses:**
        *   Sense 1: "the present time or age" (examples: "the world of today", "today we have computers").
        *   Sense 2: "the day that includes the present moment" (examples: "Today is beautiful", "did you see today's newspaper?").
    *   **Goal:** Choose the single best indexed sense and output JSON.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The phrase is "of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today".
    *   Is "today" referring to the specific calendar day (May 23rd, for example)?
    *   Or is it referring to the current era, the present state of affairs, "nowadays"?
    *   The sentence discusses statistics (100,000 trained bellringers). Surveys usually capture data over a period, and "today" here contrasts with the past (implied by the mention of a decline or a specific statistic relevant to the current era). It refers to the current general timeframe or the present state of the country/organization, not just the 24-hour cycle of the current date.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 ("the present time or age"):** This fits "in England today". It is synonymous with "nowadays", "currently", "in this day and age". The example "the world of today" aligns well with "England today" (a state of affairs). The example "today we have computers" refers to the current era relative to the past.
    *   **Sense 2 ("the day that includes the present moment"):** This refers strictly to "this specific day". Example: "Today is Tuesday" or "I went to the store today". If the text said, "The bell ringers are meeting today," that might be Sense 2. But "100,000 trained bellringers in England today" refers to a demographic statistic that exists over a span of time (the present era), not a count specific to the day of publication.

4.  **Compare Context vs. Senses:**
    *   Context: "in England today" = "in modern England" or "currently in England".
    *   Sense 1 Definition: "the present time or age". Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 Definition: "the day that includes the present moment". Does not fit the statistical scope or the usage "in England [specific day]".

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The usage implies "nowadays" or "in the present era".
    *   This corresponds to Sense 1.

6.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   Selected sense index: 1.
    *   Format: JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, <t>only</t> 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "only" (adverb) in the sentence: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "...of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
    *   Meaning: The number 40,000 is being contrasted with the total 100,000. The implication is that 40,000 is a small number relative to the total. The speaker is emphasizing the limitation or the smallness of the number.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `definition=and nothing more` | `synonyms=merely, simply, just, but`.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense typically indicates that something is limited to what is specified, often implying it is less than expected or hoped. For example, "It cost only five dollars" (no more than, just five). The synonyms "merely" and "just" fit well here. "Only 40,000" means "merely 40,000" or "just 40,000" (implying disappointment or smallness). This matches the context of a "lack of ringers" mentioned in the text.

    *   **Sense 2:** `definition=without any others being included or involved` | `synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone`.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies singularity or exclusivity. Example: "He is the only person for the job." In the text, "only 40,000" does not mean "exclusively 40,000" or "solely 40,000". It is a quantitative limitation, not an exclusive selection from a group (though it is a subset, the adverbial function here is to minimize the number, not to isolate the agents).

    *   **Sense 3:** `definition=with nevertheless the final result` | `examples=He arrived only to find...`
        *   *Analysis:* This is the "only to" construction indicating irony or unexpected result. The text does not use this construction.

    *   **Sense 4:** `definition=in the final outcome` | `examples=These news will only make you more upset`.
        *   *Analysis:* This indicates a progression or consequence. "It will only make things worse." Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 5:** `definition=except that` | `examples=It was the same story; only this time...`
        *   *Analysis:* This is a conjunction usage. "I would go, only I am tired." The target is used as an adverb modifying a number/quantity.

    *   **Sense 6:** `definition=never except when` | `synonyms=only if, only when`.
        *   *Analysis:* Conditional usage. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 7:** `definition=as recently as` | `examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago`.
        *   *Analysis:* Temporal usage. Not applicable.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 (the most likely confusion):**
    *   Sense 1 ("and nothing more") is used for limiting or minimizing (e.g., "only a child," "only 40,000"). It emphasizes that the number/extent is small.
    *   Sense 2 ("without any others") is used for exclusivity (e.g., "Only members are allowed").
    *   In "only 40,000 of them still ring," the word "only" highlights the smallness of the number relative to the potential total. It is synonymous with "merely" or "just".
    *   Sense 1 is the standard WordNet entry for "only" when used to minimize a quantity or extent (often labeled 1 or 2 depending on the version, but here indexed as 1). The definition "and nothing more" captures the idea that the count stops at 40,000 and implies that is little.

    Let's check the WordNet hierarchy mapping.
    WordNet 3.0/3.1 structure for "only" (r):
    1. merely, simply, just, only, but -> "and nothing more"
    2. entirely, exclusively, solely, alone, only -> "without any others being included or involved"

    Context: "only 40,000".
    Can I replace it with "merely"? Yes. "merely 40,000".
    Can I replace it with "exclusively"? No. "exclusively 40,000" sounds wrong.
    Can I replace it with "solely"? No.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

    Sense 1: `definition=and nothing more` matches the usage where "only" minimizes the number 40,000 in contrast to 100,000.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them <t>still</t> ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "still" in this passage.

The sentence is: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."

Here, "still" is used to indicate that out of 100,000 trained bellringers, only 40,000 continue to ring bells (as opposed to the full 100,000 who were trained). The word "still" here means "continuing to do something" or "without having stopped."

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?

This sense refers to an action or condition continuing without change or interruption. The examples "it's still warm outside" and "will you still love me when we're old and grey?" show continuation of a state or action over time. This matches the usage in the context where bellringers continue to ring bells despite having been trained at some point in the past.

2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

This is the contrastive or concessive use of "still" (similar to "nevertheless" or "however"). This doesn't fit the context as there's no concession being made.

3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem

This is the comparative sense of "still" (as in "still better"). This doesn't fit the context as there's no comparison being made.

4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

This is the adjective sense of "still" meaning motionless. This doesn't fit the context as it's not describing a physical state of motionlessness.

Given this analysis, sense 1 (still%4:02:01::) is the best match for the usage in this context. The word is indicating that bellringers continue to ring bells despite some time having passed since their training.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, <t>ringers</t> do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text is about church bell ringing. It mentions the "Central Council of Church Bell Ringers", "ringing groups", "vicars", "bell ringing", "trained bellringers", "ring" (verb), "bells", etc.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence containing the target token is: "Also, <t>ringers</t> do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   The broader context discusses the shortage of people who ring church bells. It mentions "trained bellringers" earlier. The president of the Council is discussing the "lack of ringers" and programs to "attract and train ringers".
    *   The meaning is clearly about people who perform the action of ringing bells.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `ringer%1:18:02::` | definition: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" | synonyms: "toller, bell ringer".
        *   *Fit:* This matches perfectly. The text is explicitly about church bell ringers. The previous sentence mentions "trained bellringers". The context is about the relationship between churches/vicars and these individuals.

    *   **Sense 2:** `ringer%1:18:01::` | definition: "a person who is almost identical to another" | synonyms: "dead ringer, clone".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. The context is not about look-alikes.

    *   **Sense 3:** `ringer%1:18:00::` | definition: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. While "ringer" can mean a sandbagger in sports, the context here is ecclesiastical and musical, not competitive in that specific fraudulent sense (though ringing can be competitive, the text focuses on the activity of ringing bells for church services).

    *   **Sense 4:** `ringer%1:04:00::` | definition: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. This refers to a score in a game, not a person.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The context is overwhelmingly about the people who ring church bells.
    *   Sense 1 is the exact definition for this context.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object with the key "sense_index".
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

    ```json
    {"sense_index": 1}
    ```

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "always"
    *   Sentence: "Also, ringers do not *always* live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   Contextual meaning: The sentence is discussing the location where bell ringers live relative to where bells are. It says they "do not *always* live" there. This implies that sometimes they do, and sometimes they don't. It refers to the frequency or consistency of an event/state across different instances (different ringers or different occasions). It's a general statement about a tendency or a rule with exceptions.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `always%4:02:00::`
        *   Definition: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion"
        *   Synonyms: ever, e'er
        *   Examples: "I will always be there to help you"; "always arrives on time"
        *   Analysis: This is the standard, general definition of "always". It means "in every case". In the context "do not *always* live", the negation "do not always" means "not in every case" or "not every time" (sometimes they live there, sometimes they don't). This fits perfectly. It captures the frequency aspect.

    *   **Sense 2:** `always%4:02:04::`
        *   Definition: "without variation or change, in every case"
        *   Synonyms: constantly, invariably
        *   Examples: "constantly kind and gracious"; "he always arrives on time"
        *   Analysis: This sense emphasizes "invariably" or "constantly". While "in every case" overlaps with Sense 1, the focus here seems to be on "without variation". The context is about a general rule/ratio (40,000 ringers, small parishes), not necessarily a mechanical or unchanging state, though it's close. However, Sense 1 is the broad "on every occasion" which "not always" negates effectively. "Invariably" is a stronger subset of "always". Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2. Sense 1 is the core definition "at all times/on every occasion". Sense 2 is "without variation/invariably". In the phrase "not always", we are saying "not invariably". But usually, the base sense "on every occasion" is the default. Let's look at Sense 4 before deciding.

    *   **Sense 3:** `always%4:02:03::`
        *   Definition: "without interruption"
        *   Synonyms: constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly
        *   Examples: "the world is constantly changing"
        *   Analysis: This refers to continuity/duration. Do ringers live there without interruption? No, the context is about whether they live there *at all* (location), not whether they live there continuously without stopping. "Not always" doesn't mean "not continuously" here; it means "not in every instance". This sense is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `always%4:02:02::`
        *   Definition: "at any time or in any event"
        *   Synonyms: (none listed in prompt, but implied by examples)
        *   Examples: "you can always resign if you don't like it"; "you could always take a day off"
        *   Analysis: This sense is used for expressing possibility or a last resort. "You can always do X". The context here is about factual frequency/location, not a possibility/option. This sense is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** `always%4:02:01::`
        *   Definition: "forever; throughout all time"
        *   Synonyms: (none listed)
        *   Examples: "we will always be friends"; "I shall treasure it always"
        *   Analysis: This is the sentimental/eternal meaning. The context is demographic statistics. This sense is incorrect.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The choice is between Sense 1 ("at all times; all the time and on every occasion") and Sense 2 ("without variation or change, in every case").
    *   In the sentence "ringers do not *always* live where the bells need to be rung", the author is stating a generalization with exceptions.
    *   Sense 1 covers "on every occasion". If we say "not on every occasion", it matches the logic of the sentence perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 uses synonyms like "constantly, invariably". While "invariably" works ("not invariably"), Sense 1 is the primary, most general definition for frequency in WordNet. The distinction in WordNet often separates the "possibility" usage (Sense 4), the "forever" usage (Sense 5), and the "without interruption" usage (Sense 3). Sense 1 and Sense 2 are very close.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "constantly kind and gracious", "he always arrives on time". These imply a predictable, unvarying habit.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "I will always be there", "always arrives on time". Note "arrives on time" appears in both.
    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion"
        *   Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case"
    *   The context "do not always live" refers to the distribution of people across locations. It means "in some cases they do, in others they don't". This aligns most strongly with "on every occasion" (Sense 1). Sense 2's definition "without variation" leans slightly more towards the quality of the action being unchanging, whereas Sense 1 is about frequency/occurrence. The sentence is discussing the occurrence of a fact (living in a specific place) across a population.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit for the negation "not always" meaning "not in every case".

4.  **Final Check:**
    *   Target: "always".
    *   Context: "ringers do not always live..."
    *   Meaning: Not in every case; sometimes they do, sometimes they don't.
    *   Sense 1 Definition: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion".
    *   Match: "On every occasion" matches "in every case".
    *   Result: Sense 1.

5.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "live"
    *   Target surface form: "live"
    *   Context sentence: "Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   The sentence discusses bell ringers and their location relative to the bells. It says ringers do not always [reside/dwell] where the bells are.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `live%2:42:08::`
        *   Definition: "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of"
        *   Synonyms: populate, dwell, inhabit
        *   Examples: "People lived in Africa...", "The people inhabited the islands..."
        *   Fit: This sense refers to residing in a specific place. The context is "live where the bells need to be rung". This matches perfectly. It's about location/residence.

    *   **Sense 2:** `live%2:42:06::`
        *   Definition: "lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style"
        *   Examples: "we had to live frugally..."
        *   Fit: The context is not about the style of life (e.g., frugally, well, happily), but about geographical location.

    *   **Sense 3:** `live%2:42:04::`
        *   Definition: "continue to live through hardship or adversity"
        *   Synonyms: survive, last...
        *   Fit: The context is not about surviving hardships.

    *   **Sense 4:** `live%2:42:01::`
        *   Definition: "support oneself"
        *   Synonyms: exist, survive, subsist
        *   Examples: "live on $2000 a month"
        *   Fit: The context is not about financial support or subsistence.

    *   **Sense 5:** `live%2:42:00::`
        *   Definition: "have life, be alive"
        *   Synonyms: be
        *   Fit: This is the state of being alive vs dead. While ringers are alive, the sentence construction "live where the bells need to be rung" implies location/residence, not just the state of being alive.

    *   **Sense 6:** `live%2:31:00::`
        *   Definition: "have firsthand knowledge of..."
        *   Synonyms: know, experience
        *   Fit: Incorrect meaning.

    *   **Sense 7:** `live%2:42:07::`
        *   Definition: "pursue a positive and satisfying existence"
        *   Fit: Incorrect meaning.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The phrase "live where..." strongly indicates residence or inhabitation.
    *   Sense 1 defines "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "People lived in Africa..." matches the structure "live where...".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   Return JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "bell" is being used.

The context is talking about church bell ringers, vicars, and bell ringing. It mentions "bell ringing" and discusses the challenges of maintaining bell ringers for churches. The specific sentence is:

"Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

This is clearly referring to church bells - physical objects made of metal that are rung by pulling ropes or striking them. This aligns most closely with sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck."

Let's check if any other senses could apply:
- Sense 2 (doorbell/buzzer): Not applicable as this is about church bells.
- Sense 3 (sound of a bell): Not applicable as the context refers to the physical objects that need to be rung, not the sound they produce.
- Sense 4 (nautical time units): Not applicable as this is about church bells.
- Sense 5 (shape of a bell): Not applicable as the context is about actual bells, not their shape.
- Sense 6-8 (people named Bell): Not applicable.
- Sense 9 (orchestral instrument): Not applicable as these are church bells, not orchestral instruments.
- Sense 10 (flared opening): Not applicable.

So the best match is sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "need" in the context: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

Let me analyze this:

The sentence is saying that ringers (bell ringers) don't always live in the locations where bells require/need to be rung. The bells have a requirement - they need to be rung (for church services, etc.), but the people who ring them don't always live nearby.

Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" - This is about something being necessary or required. The examples are "It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work." This sense emphasizes that something is needed because it's proper or necessary.

Sense 2: "have need of" with synonyms "want, require" - Examples: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner." This is about needing something.

Sense 3: "have or feel a need for" - Examples: "always needing friends and money" - This is more about feeling a need, a personal subjective need.

In this context, the bells "need to be rung" - this is about a requirement or necessity. The bells require ringing for church services. This isn't about someone feeling a need (sense 3), and it's not exactly sense 2's "have need of" which is more about wanting/requiring something.

Sense 1 seems to fit best - the bells "require" or have a necessity to be rung. It's about what is required or proper in the context of church bells needing to be rung for services.

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase is "where the bells need to be rung" - this is a passive construction. The bells require ringing.

Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" - synonyms include "require" and examples include "success usually requires hard work"

This fits. The bells require to be rung, it's necessary/proper for them to be rung for church services.

Sense 2: "have need of" - this would be more like "I need a car" - having a need for something.

Sense 3: "have or feel a need for" - this is more subjective, about feeling a need.

The bells don't "have" or "feel" a need - they just require ringing due to the practical necessity of church services.

So sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:**
    *   **Lemma:** ring
    *   **Surface form:** rung (past participle).
    *   **Context:** The text discusses bell ringers, bell ringing, and the logistics of where bells need to be rung. specifically: "...ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t>..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   Subject: "the bells".
    *   Action: "need to be rung".
    *   Agent (implied in the passive construction): The ringers (people who ring bells).
    *   Domain: Church bells, campanology.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `ring%2:39:00::` | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang.
        *   *Analysis:* This is an intransitive sense (the bells ring). The context has a passive construction ("bells need to be rung"). In passive voice, the object of the active verb becomes the subject. If the active form is "Someone rings the bells" (transitive), the passive is "The bells are rung". Sense 1 focuses on the bells making the sound themselves (intransitive). While bells do "sound loudly," the context implies the *act* performed by ringers on the bells.

    *   **Sense 2:** `ring%2:39:04::` | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a space echoing or a place filled with sound. Not applicable to "bells need to be rung".

    *   **Sense 3:** `ring%2:39:01::` | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church.
        *   *Analysis:* This is a transitive sense ("make (bells) ring"). The context involves people (ringers) causing bells to sound. "Where the bells need to be rung" implies a transitive action performed upon the bells by the ringers. The example "Ring the bells" matches the semantic structure of the context (imperative active vs. passive need). The context is explicitly about "church bell ringers" and "bell ringing". This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 4:** `ring%2:32:00::` | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone...
        *   *Analysis:* Telephone sense. Not relevant to church bells.

    *   **Sense 5:** `ring%2:35:03::` | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle...
        *   *Analysis:* Physical surrounding. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `ring%2:35:00::` | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify...
        *   *Analysis:* Bird banding. Not relevant.

4.  **Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is often intransitive ("The bells rang").
    *   Sense 3 is transitive ("Ring the bells").
    *   The context sentence is passive: "bells need to be [past participle]".
    *   If the meaning was intransitive (Sense 1), the sentence would likely be "where the bells need to ring". However, since it is about the *activity* of the ringers causing the sound, the transitive sense (Sense 3) is the underlying verb.
    *   Furthermore, the text mentions "trained bellringers" and "ring every Sunday".
    *   WordNet often distinguishes between the intransitive emission of sound and the transitive manipulation of an instrument.
    *   Sense 3 gloss: "make (bells) ring". Context: "bells need to be [made to ring]". This matches.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the correct choice. It captures the agentive aspect of bell ringing performed by the "ringers" mentioned in the text.

6.  **Formatting:** The output must be a JSON object `{"sense_index": 3}`.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   Target word: "small" modifying "rural parishes".
    *   The context contrasts "small, rural parishes" with "inner-city churches" (often implied to be larger or busier, but the key here is the demographic/population aspect).
    *   The phrase "small... parishes" refers to the physical size or, more likely, the population size/community size of the parish.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent". Synonyms: little. Examples: "a little dining room", "a little house".
        *   *Fit:* Very strong. A "small parish" usually implies a small congregation, a small geographical area, or a small number of inhabitants. This is the general, physical/dimensional sense of size.

    *   **Sense 2:** "limited in size or scope". Synonyms: minor, modest, small-scale. Examples: "a small business".
        *   *Fit:* Strong. This sense often applies to abstract concepts or organizations (business, scope). A parish is a geographical entity and an organization. However, "small" in "small parish" feels more concrete/physical/demographic than "small-scale business". It's close to Sense 1, but Sense 1 is usually the default for physical size/extent.

    *   **Sense 3:** "young, immature". Synonyms: little. Examples: "small children".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. Parishes are not children or animals.

    *   **Sense 4:** "slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope". Examples: "death struggles with small time in between".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. This refers to degree/intensity (like "small hope"). Here it modifies a noun referring to a place.

    *   **Sense 5:** "low or inferior in station or quality". Synonyms: humble, low, lowly. Examples: "humble cottage".
        *   *Fit:* Possible, but unlikely in this specific neutral context. A "small parish" usually refers to population size, not necessarily that the parish is "lowly" or "inferior". While a small parish might be humble, the context is discussing demographics and location convenience for bell ringers, not social status.

    *   **Sense 6:** "lowercase".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 7:** "(of a voice) faint".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 8:** "have fine or very small constituent particles".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. Refers to texture (rain, gravel).

    *   **Sense 9:** "not large but sufficient in size or amount". Synonyms: modest.
        *   *Fit:* Possible, but "small, rural parishes" usually emphasizes the limitation or lack of size/population rather than sufficiency. The context implies difficulty getting ringers there, suggesting the smallness is a deficit or a defining characteristic of the place type, rather than just "sufficient".

    *   **Sense 10:** "made to seem smaller or less".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is the most basic, primary sense. It covers "magnitude or extent". A parish is a physical/geographical entity. When we say "small town" or "small village" or "small parish", we refer to the physical size or the population size (extent/number).
    *   Sense 2 examples: "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation". These are often abstract entities or institutions viewed in terms of scale of operation.
    *   "Small parish" acts like "small house" or "small town". It refers to the physical entity or the community size.
    *   WordNet hierarchies usually place the physical size sense first (Sense 1).
    *   Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "a little dining room; a little house". "Parish" is a place, like a house.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 covers the physical size or extent (including population extent) of a place/location.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: council
Target surface form: council
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "council" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text discusses bell ringing in churches, theological colleges, vicars, and "The Bells in Your Care".
    *   Mr. Baldwin is mentioned as a spokesperson ("Says Mr. Baldwin").
    *   There's a mention of an organization or body that "hopes to speak to students", "publish a booklet", and has a "program to attract and train ringers".
    *   The phrase "But the council's program..." refers to this entity.
    *   The context mentions "church life", "vicar", "parishes", "inner-city churches".
    *   This body seems to be an administrative organization managing bell ringing affairs, specifically within the Church of England/Christian context.
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:
    *   *Sense 1*: `council%1:14:01::` - Definition: "a body serving in an administrative capacity". Example: "student council".
        *   Analysis: This fits the general functional description. The entity described has a program, publishes booklets, and manages issues (lack of ringers). It acts as an administrative body.
    *   *Sense 2*: `council%1:14:02::` - Definition: "(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine".
        *   Analysis: While the context is Christian, this specific definition refers to historical or doctrinal councils (like the Council of Nicaea or a diocesan council dealing with doctrine). The context here is about bell ringing management, not regulating doctrine or church discipline on a theological level. It's an administrative body for bell ringers/bells, not a synod of bishops deciding dogma.
    *   *Sense 3*: `council%1:14:00::` - Definition: "a meeting of people for consultation". Example: "emergency council".
        *   Analysis: The text refers to "the council's program". A specific meeting does not have a long-term program or publish booklets over time in this manner. An administrative body does. So this is not a single event/meeting.
4.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   Sense 2 is too specific to doctrinal assemblies and doesn't fit the "bell ringing administration" context.
    *   Sense 3 implies a specific event (meeting), which contradicts the ongoing nature of the work described (programs, publishing).
    *   Sense 1 (administrative body) captures the essence of the organization described (The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, implied by the context, though not named explicitly, acts as an administrative body).
5.  **Final check**: Does "council" here mean an administrative body? Yes. Is it a doctrinal council (Sense 2)? No. Is it a specific meeting (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Let's double check Sense 2 vs Sense 1 in WordNet hierarchies/usage.
    Sense 2 usually refers to Ecumenical Councils.
    Sense 1 refers to administrative bodies (city council, student council).
    The "Central Council of Church Bell Ringers" is an organization, an administrative body for that specific activity. Thus, Sense 1 fits best.

    Indexing:
    Sense 1 -> Index 1.
    Sense 2 -> Index 2.
    Sense 3 -> Index 3.

    Target: Sense 1.