[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: *genetic*
    *   Target surface form: *genetic*
    *   Context sentence: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
    *   Key phrase: "snippets of genetic material".
    *   Context meaning: The text discusses DNA, chromosomes, genes, and molecular genetics. "Genetic material" refers to the physical substance (DNA/RNA) that makes up genes.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity" (Synonyms: familial, hereditary).
        *   *Evaluation*: This refers to inheritance patterns (e.g., "a genetic disorder"). The phrase "genetic material" does not mean "hereditary material" in the sense of a trait passed down, but rather the biological substance itself. This doesn't fit well.
    *   Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" (Synonyms: genic, genetical).
        *   *Evaluation*: This sense focuses on the gene itself. "Genetic material" refers to the substance (DNA) that constitutes genes. It relates directly to the biochemical nature of genes. The examples "genic combinations; genetic code" align with the molecular biology context found in the snippet.
    *   Sense 3: "pertaining to or referring to origin".
        *   *Evaluation*: This is an older or more abstract definition (often linguistic or historical, like "genetic etymology"). It doesn't fit the biological context of chromosomes and gene probes.
    *   Sense 4: "of or relating to the science of genetics" (Synonyms: genetical).
        *   *Evaluation*: This refers to the scientific discipline (e.g., "genetic research," "genetic counseling"). "Genetic material" is not "material relating to the science of genetics" (that would be textbooks or lab equipment); it is the biological material being studied.

3.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   The phrase is "genetic material".
    *   In biology, "genetic material" refers to DNA (or RNA), the medium of genes.
    *   Sense 2 defines "genetic" as "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".
    *   "Genetic material" is the material relating to genes or constituting genes.
    *   Sense 1 is about heredity/inheritance (traits).
    *   Sense 4 is about the field of science.
    *   Sense 2 is the closest fit because it relates the adjective "genetic" to the noun "gene" itself, which is what the "material" is composed of or relates to. The text explicitly mentions "gene probes" tracking a "gene's presence". The material is the substance of genes.

    Let's double-check the nuance.
    *   Is it Sense 1? Is the material "hereditary"? While the material is passed down, the primary descriptor here is its chemical/biological identity (related to genes), not the mode of transmission.
    *   Is it Sense 2? "Of or relating to ... a gene". Yes. DNA is the material relating to genes.
    *   Is it Sense 4? "Of or relating to the science of genetics". No. The material is biological, not scientific-methodological.

    Comparison between Sense 2 and Sense 4:
    *   "Genetic code" (Sense 2 example) vs "Genetic research" (Sense 4 example).
    *   "Genetic material" is a biological entity, akin to "genetic code".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the output**:
    *   JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Parasail


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: material
Target surface form: material
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic <t>material</t> that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=material%1:27:00:: | definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
2. sense_key=material%1:10:00:: | definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. sense_key=material%1:06:00:: | definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | synonyms=fabric, cloth, textile | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent; woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC
4. sense_key=material%1:06:01:: | definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials; useful teaching materials
5. sense_key=material%1:18:00:: | definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material; she was vice-presidential material

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "material" (noun).
    *   Context sentence: "The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic <t>material</t> that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
    *   Key phrase: "snippets of genetic material".
    *   Meaning in context: It refers to the physical substance of genetics (DNA/RNA), the tangible stuff that makes up genes.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `material%1:27:00::`
        *   Definition: "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object"
        *   Synonyms: stuff
        *   Examples: "coal is a hard black material", "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to physical substances that constitute objects. Genetic material is the physical substance that makes up genes/chromosomes. This fits well. It is the "stuff" of genetics.

    *   **Sense 2:** `material%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: "information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form"
        *   Examples: "the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography"
        *   Analysis: This is abstract/informational material (like research material, source material). While genes carry information, the phrase "snippets of genetic material" usually emphasizes the physical molecular substance (DNA) being probed, rather than the informational content in a literary or artistic sense. The context talks about microscopy, chromosomes, and gene probes, which deal with the physical molecule.

    *   **Sense 3:** `material%1:06:00::`
        *   Definition: "artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers"
        *   Synonyms: fabric, cloth, textile
        *   Analysis: This refers to cloth. Not applicable to DNA.

    *   **Sense 4:** `material%1:06:01::`
        *   Definition: "things needed for doing or making something"
        *   Examples: "writing materials", "useful teaching materials"
        *   Analysis: This refers to tools or supplies (like pens, paper, textbooks). Not applicable to DNA snippets.

    *   **Sense 5:** `material%1:18:00::`
        *   Definition: "a person judged suitable for admission or employment"
        *   Examples: "he was university material"
        *   Analysis: This refers to people/potential. Not applicable.

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1 vs. Sense 2:**
    *   The phrase is "genetic material".
    *   Sense 1 defines "tangible substance".
    *   Sense 2 defines "information/data".
    *   In molecular biology, "genetic material" is a standard term for DNA or RNA as a physical substance (molecules). Even though genes encode information, the word "material" here classifies the physical substance. The sentence mentions "tangible substance" (implied by the probes tracking presence and the previous mention of seeing a missing piece under a microscope).
    *   Synonyms for Sense 1 include "stuff". "Genetic stuff" makes sense conceptually, though informal.
    *   Sense 2 is usually for "teaching material", "source material", "reading material". It's about content for a project.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct classification for "genetic material" as the substance composing the genes.

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 matches "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object". Genes/Chromosomes are the objects, DNA is the material/substance.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   Must be JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presence
Target surface form: presence
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's <t>presence</t> in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presence%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being present; current existence | examples=he tested for the presence of radon
2. sense_key=presence%1:15:00:: | definition=the immediate proximity of someone or something | synonyms=front | examples=she blushed in his presence; he sensed the presence of danger
3. sense_key=presence%1:18:00:: | definition=an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby
4. sense_key=presence%1:09:00:: | definition=the impression that something is present | examples=he felt the presence of an evil force
5. sense_key=presence%1:07:00:: | definition=dignified manner or conduct | synonyms=bearing, comportment, mien
6. sense_key=presence%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about gene probes that can track a gene's "presence" in a cell. This means detecting whether the gene exists or is present in the cell.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. presence%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being present; current existence | examples=he tested for the presence of radon
2. presence%1:15:00:: | definition=the immediate proximity of someone or something | synonyms=front | examples=she blushed in his presence; he sensed the presence of danger
3. presence%1:18:00:: | definition=an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby
4. presence%1:09:00:: | definition=the impression that something is present | examples=he felt the presence of an evil force
5. presence%1:07:00:: | definition=dignified manner or conduct | synonyms=bearing, comportment, mien
6. presence%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present

Sense 1: "the state of being present; current existence" with example "he tested for the presence of radon" - this fits perfectly. The gene probes track whether a gene exists/is present in a cell. The example "he tested for the presence of radon" is analogous to tracking the presence of a gene.

Sense 2: "immediate proximity" - doesn't fit, this is about being near someone/something physically.

Sense 3: "invisible spiritual being" - doesn't fit.

Sense 4: "the impression that something is present" - doesn't fit, this is about a feeling or impression.

Sense 5: "dignified manner or conduct" - doesn't fit.

Sense 6: "the act of being present" - this is more about the action of attending, not the state of existence.

Sense 1 is the best match. The gene probes track whether a gene exists (is present) in a cell, similar to testing for the presence of radon.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a <t>cell</t>. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: "cell"
    *   Surface form: "cell"

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
    *   Surrounding text: Discusses Dr. Knudson, eye cancer, chromosomes, genetics, molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, gene probes, tumors, and "cells extracted from eye tumors".
    *   Domain: Biology, genetics, medicine, oncology.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "any small compartment" (e.g., honeycomb). This is a very general sense. While a biological cell is a compartment, this sense usually refers to non-living structures like honeycombs or architectural divisions, not the fundamental biological unit discussed here.

    *   **Sense 2:** "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms...".
        *   Context match: The text talks about chromosomes, genes, eye tumors, and genetic material.
        *   Specific phrase match: The text mentions "analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors". Tumors are biological tissues made of these units. Genes are present *within* these units.
        *   This fits perfectly with the biological domain.

    *   **Sense 3:** "a device that delivers an electric current..." (electric cell). Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 4:** "a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement". Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5:** "a hand-held mobile radiotelephone..." (cellphone). Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** "small room in which a monk or nun lives". Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 7:** "a room where a prisoner is kept". Irrelevant.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context is explicitly biological (chromosomes, genes, tumors).
    *   The sentence mentions "cells extracted from eye tumors".
    *   This aligns exactly with Sense 2, the biological definition.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen sense is Sense 2.

6.  **Final Check:**
    *   Does sense 2 cover the concept of a gene's presence? Yes, genes are located inside the nucleus of a cell (or cytoplasm for prokaryotes, though this is human eye cancer, so eukaryotic cells).
    *   Is it the single best indexed sense? Yes.

    Result: Sense index 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyze
Target surface form: analyzing
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By <t>analyzing</t> cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyze%2:31:00:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=analyze%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
3. sense_key=analyze%2:31:04:: | definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse | examples=analyze today's financial market
4. sense_key=analyze%2:31:03:: | definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Target word: "analyzing" (form of "analyze").
    *   Sentence: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Domain: Biology/Genetics (molecular genetics).
    *   Action: Scientists are examining cells from tumors to find genetic defects (specifically, missing pieces of chromosomes).
    *   Goal: To discover the essential features or components of the cells (specifically gene presence/defects) using "gene probes."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning"
        *   Synonyms: study, examine.
        *   Examples: analyze a sonnet, analyze evidence.
        *   Fit: This is a general sense. Scientists are examining cells. It fits, but is it the specific scientific methodology sense?

    *   **Sense 2:** "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features"
        *   Synonyms: break down, dissect, take apart.
        *   Examples: analyze a specimen, analyze a sentence.
        *   Fit: The context mentions a "scientific team," "gene probes," and looking for "defects" in chromosomes. This involves breaking down the cells' genetic material to identify specific components (genes/defects). "Analyze a specimen" is very close to "analyzing cells extracted from tumors." This sense explicitly mentions "chemical... analysis," which fits molecular genetics well.

    *   **Sense 3:** "break down into components or essential features"
        *   Synonyms: analyse.
        *   Examples: analyze today's financial market.
        *   Fit: This seems like a duplicate or a slight variation of Sense 2, often used for abstract systems like markets. It lacks the specific scientific/methodological nuance of "specimen" or "chemical analysis" found in Sense 2. The context is concrete (cells, genetic material).

    *   **Sense 4:** "subject to psychoanalytic treatment"
        *   Synonyms: psychoanalyze.
        *   Fit: Incorrect domain. The text is about cancer genetics, not psychology.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 vs. Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is very broad (intellectual scrutiny, study).
    *   Sense 2 is technical/scientific (breaking down a specimen/material for chemical/biological examination).
    *   The context involves using "gene probes" on "cells extracted from eye tumors." This is a laboratory procedure involving the breakdown or detailed examination of biological material (a specimen). The example for Sense 2 ("analyze a specimen") matches the context ("analyzing cells") almost perfectly. The definition includes "chemical... analysis," which covers the molecular genetics context. Sense 1's examples (sonnet, trial evidence) are more about interpreting meaning/implication, whereas Sense 2's examples (specimen) are about examining physical composition.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the best fit because the context describes a scientific examination of biological specimens (cells) to identify their components/defects, matching the "make a chemical... analysis of; break down" definition and the "analyze a specimen" example.

5.  **Formulate Output:** The request asks for a JSON object with the "sense_index".
    *   Sense 1: index 1
    *   Sense 2: index 2
    *   Sense 3: index 3
    *   Sense 4: index 4
    *   Selected: Sense 2.

    JSON: `{"sense_index":2}`

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing <t>cells</t> extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "By analyzing <t>cells</t> extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."
    *   The context mentions "eye tumors", "chromosome 13", "gene probes", and "genetic material".
    *   The "cells" are biological units extracted from a tumor.
    *   This is clearly a biological/medical context.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: `cell%1:06:03::` - "any small compartment" (e.g., honeycomb). Too general. While biological cells are compartments, this definition usually applies to non-biological structures or is a hypernym.
    *   Sense 2: `cell%1:03:00::` - "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms...". This is the precise biological definition.
    *   Sense 3: `cell%1:06:00::` - "a device that delivers an electric current..." (electric cell). Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4: `cell%1:14:00::` - "a small unit serving as part of... a larger political movement". Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 5: `cell%1:06:04::` - "a hand-held mobile radiotelephone..." (mobile phone). Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 6: `cell%1:06:02::` - "small room in which a monk or nun lives". Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 7: `cell%1:06:01::` - "a room where a prisoner is kept". Irrelevant.

3.  **Match context to sense**:
    *   The context discusses biology, genetics, tumors, and chromosomes.
    *   Sense 2 is explicitly labeled "(biology)" and defines the unit of life found in organisms (like humans with eye tumors).
    *   Sense 1 is a hypernym or a different sense (structural compartment), but in a medical context discussing genes and tumors, "biological cell" is the specific concept intended.

4.  **Determine the sense index**:
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

5.  **Format the output**: The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

    *   Selected sense: Sense 2.
    *   Output: `{"sense_index": 2}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extract
Target surface form: extracted
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells <t>extracted</t> from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extract%2:35:04:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
2. sense_key=extract%2:40:00:: | definition=get despite difficulties or obstacles | examples=I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions
3. sense_key=extract%2:36:00:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, evoke, elicit, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
4. sense_key=extract%2:30:00:: | definition=extract by the process of distillation | synonyms=distill, distil | examples=distill the essence of this compound
5. sense_key=extract%2:35:07:: | definition=separate (a metal) from an ore
6. sense_key=extract%2:35:05:: | definition=obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action | synonyms=press out, express | examples=Italians express coffee rather than filter it
7. sense_key=extract%2:31:00:: | definition=take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy | synonyms=excerpt, take out
8. sense_key=extract%2:31:02:: | definition=calculate the root of a number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "extracted" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors..."
The context describes taking cells out of eye tumors.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. extract%2:35:04:: | remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms: pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out | examples: pull weeds; extract a bad tooth. -> This fits well, taking cells out of tumors.
2. extract%2:40:00:: | get despite difficulties or obstacles | examples: I extracted a promise... -> No.
3. extract%2:36:00:: | deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | -> No.
4. extract%2:30:00:: | extract by the process of distillation | -> No.
5. extract%2:35:07:: | separate (a metal) from an ore | -> No.
6. extract%2:35:05:: | obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action | synonyms: press out, express | -> Doesn't fit taking cells from tumors as well as 1.
7. extract%2:31:00:: | take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy | -> No.
8. extract%2:31:02:: | calculate the root of a number | -> No.

Sense 1: "remove, usually with some force or effort" is the most general and appropriate sense for removing cells from a tumor (like extracting a bad tooth).
Therefore, sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "eye" in the context of "eye tumors". Let me analyze this:

The sentence says: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."

Here, "eye tumors" refers to tumors located in or originating from the eye organ. This is a medical/scientific context discussing cancer research.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
- This refers to the physical organ - the eye itself. In "eye tumors," this would mean tumors of the eye organ.

2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually)
- This is metaphorical - having "an eye for something." Not applicable here.

3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen
- This is also metaphorical/abstract. Not applicable.

4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region
- This would be like "eye of the storm" or "center of town." Not applicable to "eye tumors."

5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle)
- This is about the eye of a needle. Not applicable.

The context clearly refers to tumors of the eye organ - the physical organ of sight. The text is discussing cancer research, specifically about analyzing cells from eye tumors to find genetic defects.

Therefore, sense 1 (the organ of sight) is the correct choice.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they <t>found</t> defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "found" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they <t>found</t> defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."

Let me analyze the context:
- A scientific team was investigating/studying something
- They analyzed cells from eye tumors
- Through this investigation, they discovered/detected defects in chromosome 13
- This was a result of scientific research/study

The key aspects here are:
1. This is a scientific discovery through investigation/research
2. They detected/determined something (defects in chromosomes)
3. It's not accidental - they were actively looking

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. find%2:40:02:: - "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" - No, this wasn't accidental, they were actively researching

2. find%2:39:02:: - "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" with synonyms like "detect, observe, discover, notice" - This fits! They detected/discovered defects in chromosome 13. The example "We found traces of lead in the paint" is very similar - detecting something through analysis.

3. find%2:40:00:: - "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" - No, this is about finding lost items

4. find%2:32:00:: - "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - This also fits well! They established/determined the existence of defects through scientific investigation.

Both senses 2 and 4 seem relevant. Let me compare them more carefully:

Sense 2 (find%2:39:02::): "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - focus on detecting/observing something
Sense 4 (find%2:31:00::): "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - focus on determining/establishing something through systematic study

The context says "they found defects" - this is about detecting/observing the existence of defects. The scientific investigation led to this discovery.

The key question is: Is this more about detecting/observing something (sense 2) or about establishing a conclusion through investigation (sense 4)?

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 2: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint" - This is about detecting physical things
- Sense 4: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" - Establishing/determining through investigation

"Found defects" is very similar to "found traces" - detecting physical evidence. The defects were physically present and they detected them through their analysis.

Sense 2 seems to be the better fit because it's about discovering/detecting the presence of something (defects), which matches "We found traces of lead in the paint" example.

Sense 8 (find%2:36:00::) - "make a discovery, make a new finding" with example "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" - This could also apply since they made a scientific discovery.

Let me reconsider:
- Sense 2: discover/determine the existence/presence of something
- Sense 4: establish after investigation/experiment/study
- Sense 8: make a discovery

The context says "they found defects" - they detected/discovered the existence of defects. This aligns most closely with sense 2.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 4, the example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" is very similar to our context about scientific discovery. But sense 4 emphasizes "establish after calculation/investigation" while sense 2 emphasizes "discover or determine the existence/presence."

I think sense 2 is the best fit because:
1. They discovered/detected defects (not an abstract conclusion, but physical defects)
2. The example "We found traces of lead in the paint" is analogous to "they found defects"
3. The synonyms "detect, observe, discover, notice" fit the context

So my answer is sense_index: 2

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defect
Target surface form: defects
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found <t>defects</t> in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defect%1:26:01:: | definition=an imperfection in a bodily system | examples=visual defects; this device permits detection of defects in the lungs
2. sense_key=defect%1:07:01:: | definition=a failing or deficiency | synonyms=shortcoming | examples=that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information
3. sense_key=defect%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=fault, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
4. sense_key=defect%1:07:00:: | definition=a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body) | synonyms=blemish, mar | examples=a facial blemish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "defect" (noun), surface form "defects" (plural). The sentence is: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   Subject matter: Genetics, cancer research, chromosomes, microscopes, gene probes.
    *   Specific usage: "defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".
    *   Meaning: Something is wrong or missing in the chromosome structure (specifically, a missing piece or mutation leading to cancer). The text mentions earlier "a bit of chromosome 13 was missing". These are structural or functional imperfections within a biological system (cells/chromosomes).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `defect%1:26:01::`
        *   Definition: "an imperfection in a bodily system"
        *   Examples: "visual defects", "defects in the lungs"
        *   Analysis: This sense relates to biological/bodily systems. A chromosome is part of a cell, which is part of the body's biological machinery. A defect in a chromosome leads to issues in the bodily system (cancer). The examples (visual defects, lungs) are biological contexts. This fits the medical/biological context very well.

    *   **Sense 2**: `defect%1:07:01::`
        *   Definition: "a failing or deficiency"
        *   Examples: "that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information"
        *   Analysis: This is abstract, usually referring to arguments, interpretations, or character traits. It doesn't fit a physical chromosomal anomaly.

    *   **Sense 3**: `defect%1:26:00::`
        *   Definition: "an imperfection in an object or machine"
        *   Examples: "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter", "send it back to the manufacturer"
        *   Analysis: This is usually for manufactured objects (crystals, machines). While chromosomes are physical objects in a broad sense, in a medical context, biological defects are usually distinguished from manufacturing defects. Sense 1 specifically mentions "bodily system".

    *   **Sense 4**: `defect%1:07:00::`
        *   Definition: "a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body)"
        *   Examples: "a facial blemish"
        *   Analysis: This focuses on surface appearance/aesthetics (blemish). The chromosomal defect is internal, microscopic, and functional (leads to cancer), not a surface blemish.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3**:
    *   Sense 3 is "object or machine". Sense 1 is "bodily system".
    *   Chromosomes are biological structures. When talking about genetic defects or defects in chromosomes leading to disease, the "bodily system" sense (Sense 1) is the intended semantic category in WordNet. It encompasses medical/biological abnormalities.
    *   The example "defects in the lungs" in Sense 1 is very similar structurally to "defects in... chromosome 13" (defects in a specific body part/structure).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Map to Index**:
    *   Sense 1 in the list is index 1.
    *   Sense 2 in the list is index 2.
    *   Sense 3 in the list is index 3.
    *   Sense 4 in the list is index 4.

    Wait, let me check the JSON format required. "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

    Let's re-verify the indices provided in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=defect%1:26:01:: | definition=an imperfection in a bodily system
    2. sense_key=defect%1:07:01:: | definition=a failing or deficiency
    3. sense_key=defect%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine
    4. sense_key=defect%1:07:00:: | definition=a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance...

    My chosen sense is the first one listed.
    Index = 1.

6.  **Final check**:
    Context: defects in the chromosome.
    Candidate 1: imperfection in a bodily system. (Matches best - biology/medicine).
    Candidate 3: imperfection in an object or machine. (Could be argued metaphorically, but WordNet distinguishes bodily systems in sense 1).

    Decision: Index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: second
Target surface form: second
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the <t>second</t> copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=second%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude | synonyms=2nd, 2d
2. sense_key=second%3:00:00:: | definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute; the second violins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "second". The surface form is "second". In the sentence, it appears in the phrase "the <t>second</t> copy of chromosome 13".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses genetics, specifically chromosomes and cancer research.
    *   The sentence is: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the <t>second</t> copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   The context contrasts "the second copy" with "the first copy".
    *   This is an enumeration or ordinal situation: First copy, then the second copy. It refers to the position in a sequence (chromosome pairs come in twos).

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `second%5:00:00:ordinal:00` | definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude | synonyms=2nd, 2d.
        *   This fits perfectly. The "second copy" is the copy coming next after the first one in the pair of chromosomes.
    *   **Sense 2:** `second%3:00:00::` | definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute; the second violins.
        *   This is a musical/technical sense. It refers to instruments or voices. It does not fit the context of chromosome copies.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the ordinal usage, which matches "the second copy" (position in sequence/space).
    *   Sense 2 is musical, which is irrelevant here.

5.  **Format the output:** The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is the index of the chosen sense.

    *   Chosen sense: Sense 1.

6.  **Final Output Construction:** `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second <t>copy</t> of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "copy" and the surface form is "copy" (noun, used as "the second copy").
2.  **Analyze the context**: The text describes genetics, specifically chromosomes and cancer research. The sentence is: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second <t>copy</t> of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Context keywords: chromosome, gene, cell, tumors, geneticist, molecular.
    *   Specific usage: "second copy of chromosome 13". Humans typically have two copies of each chromosome (one from each parent).
3.  **Evaluate candidate senses**:
    *   *Sense 1 (copy%1:10:00::)*: Definition: "a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)". Synonyms: transcript.
        *   Fit: This refers to documents or records. Chromosomes are biological structures, not written records. Unlikely.
    *   *Sense 2 (copy%1:06:00::)*: Definition: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". Examples: "she made a copy of the designer dress", "the clone was a copy of its ancestor".
        *   Fit: In biology, organisms or chromosomes exist in copies (duplicates). A chromosome copy is a duplicate of the original structure (or its homologous pair). The definition "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" fits well conceptually with biological copies (homologous chromosomes or replicated DNA). While chromosomes aren't "made" by a human in the dress example sense, they are biological duplicates. In the context of "second copy of chromosome 13", it implies the duplicate or one of the pair. This seems the most general and appropriate sense for a physical object that is a duplicate of another.
    *   *Sense 3 (copy%1:10:01::)*: Definition: "matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials". Synonyms: written matter.
        *   Fit: This is printing/publishing terminology. Not relevant to genetics.
    *   *Sense 4 (copy%1:10:02::)*: Definition: "material suitable for a journalistic account".
        *   Fit: This is journalism terminology. Not relevant to genetics.
4.  **Refine Sense 2**: The biological context often refers to "gene copies" or "chromosome copies". These are instances of the standard biological structure. Sense 2 is the general sense of "copy" as a duplicate or replica. Even though the text says "second copy", referring to the homologous chromosome, this fits the notion of an item similar or identical to another (the first copy/homolog).
    *   Comparison: Is there a specific biological sense in WordNet? WordNet 3.0/3.1 (which these sense keys likely correspond to) sometimes groups biological copies under the general "thing made to be similar or identical" sense.
    *   Let's look at the hierarchy. Sense 1 is a specific type of record. Sense 2 is a general artifact. Sense 3 and 4 are textual matter.
    *   The chromosome is a physical object (an artifact of nature, or just an object in the WordNet ontology). It is a "thing" that is identical (or very similar) to its homolog. The example "the clone was a copy of its ancestor" strongly supports this sense covering biological duplication.
5.  **Final Selection**: Sense 2 is the only candidate that fits the physical concept of a duplicate object in a biological context.
6.  **Format Output**: Return JSON `{"sense_index": 2}`.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exact
Target surface form: exact
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the <t>exact</t> area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exact%3:00:00:: | definition=marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact | examples=an exact mind; an exact copy
2. sense_key=exact%5:00:00:correct:00 | definition=(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct | synonyms=accurate, precise | examples=a precise image; a precise measurement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *exact*
    *   Target surface form: *exact*
    *   Context sentence: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the **exact** area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Contextual meaning: The defects were found in the *same* specific location. It implies precision and sameness of location.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `exact%3:00:00::` | Definition: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact" | Examples: "an exact mind; an exact copy".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense often refers to strictness or being meticulous (exact mind), or the quality of being identical (exact copy). "Exact copy" is the closest example here. If the defects were in the "exact area," it means the precise/same area.
    *   **Sense 2:** `exact%5:00:00:correct:00` | Definition: "(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct" | Synonyms: accurate, precise | Examples: "a precise image; a precise measurement".
        *   *Analysis:* This is an adjective sense derived from the idea of correctness. It applies to representations or measurements. Is the "area" a representation or measurement? Or is the usage indicating "that specific one"?
        *   Let's look at the synonyms: "accurate, precise".
        *   Let's look at the definition: "strictly correct".

3.  **Compare senses against context:**
    *   Context phrase: "in the exact area".
    *   Does this mean "the correct area" (Sense 2)? Or does it mean "the precise/specific/identical location" (Sense 1)?
    *   Sense 2 focuses on correctness/truth (e.g., an exact quote, an exact measurement). A measurement can be exact. Is a location "exact" in this sense?
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "strict and particular... accordance with fact". The example "an exact copy" is very relevant. In the context, "exact area" implies the *same* area, or a specific spot identical to another. It implies a high degree of specificity and correspondence to the previous instance.
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy or usage patterns.
        *   Sense 1 (often mapped to `exact.a.01` in standard WN numbering): "exact, precise" -> strict, particular. "Exact location" is a very common collocation.
        *   Sense 2 (often mapped to `exact.a.02`): "accurate, precise" -> correct. "Exact measurement".

    *   Let's re-read the specific WordNet definitions provided.
        *   Sense 1: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact". Examples: "an exact mind", "an exact copy".
        *   Sense 2: "(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct". Examples: "a precise image", "a precise measurement".

    *   The phrase "exact area" is slightly ambiguous between "correct area" and "precise/identical area".
    *   However, the context compares the location of the defect in copy 2 to the location in copy 1. It is saying the location is *the same specific spot*. This aligns with "strict and particular accordance with fact" (Sense 1) rather than just being "correct" (Sense 2). The notion of "exact copy" (example for Sense 1) parallels "exact area" (in the sense of being the very same spot). The focus is on the specificity and strictness of the correspondence, not the truth value or correctness of a statement/measurement (which is Sense 2's domain: "strictly correct").

    *   If I say "the exact spot", I mean that specific spot. This fits Sense 1 ("strict and particular").
    *   If I say "an exact measurement", I mean it is accurate/correct. This fits Sense 2.

    *   Context: "defects ... in the exact area as in the first copy".
    *   Meaning: The area was identical/precisely the same. This is about the strictness/particularity of the location, fitting Sense 1. Sense 2 restricts itself to "ideas, images, representations, expressions". A physical area on a chromosome is arguably not an idea/image/representation/expression in the linguistic sense implied by Sense 2, whereas Sense 1 is a general quality of strictness/particularity applicable to things like "copies" or "areas".

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit. The "strict and particular" definition covers the usage of "exact" to emphasize specific identity (the very same spot), as seen in the example "an exact copy".

    *   Let's verify WordNet 3.0/3.1 mapping.
        *   `exact%3:00:00::` usually maps to WN `exact.a.01`. Definition: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact". "an exact copy", "an exact account".
        *   `exact%5:00:00:correct:00` usually maps to WN `exact.a.02` (or similar adjectives under 'correct'). Definition: "(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth". Synonyms: accurate, precise.

    *   "Exact area" = specific/particular/identical area.
    *   It functions like "exact spot" or "exact location".
    *   This usage emphasizes the strict particularity (it was *that* spot, not a nearby one), which matches Sense 1. Sense 2 is about correctness (truth values) of representations. While a defect location could be seen as a fact, the usage "the exact area" refers to the specificity/identity of the entity/location, not the correctness of a representation.
    *   Furthermore, the example for Sense 1 is "an exact copy". The context is comparing two copies of a chromosome. The defect in copy 2 is in the *exact* (identical/same/specific) area as copy 1. This parallels "exact copy" closely. It is about the high degree of sameness/specificity.

    *   Decision: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the <t>first</t> copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "first" in the context: "they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. preceding all others in time or space or degree (e.g., first house on the right)
2. indicating the beginning unit in a series (syn: 1st) - "first copy" vs "second copy". This is referring to the first item in a sequence/series of copies.
3. serving to set in motion (inaugural, initiative)
4. serving to begin (beginning)
5. ranking above all others (foremost, world-class)
6. highest in pitch or chief among parts

The context contrasts "the second copy" with "the first copy". This is an ordinal use, indicating the first item in a sequence of two (or more).
Sense 2 definition: "indicating the beginning unit in a series" (synonyms: 1st). This perfectly matches the ordinal use of "first" contrasted with "second".

Let's check the sense indices.
1 -> preceding all others
2 -> indicating the beginning unit in a series (ordinal)
3 -> serving to set in motion
4 -> serving to begin
5 -> ranking above all others
6 -> highest in pitch

So sense_index 2 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first <t>copy</t> of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "copy" and the surface form is "copy". The sentence context is "...defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text discusses genetics, specifically chromosomes (chromosome 13).
    *   It mentions a "missing piece" and "defects in the second copy... in the exact area as in the first copy".
    *   Chromosomes come in pairs (diploid organisms). Therefore, there is a "first copy" and a "second copy" of the chromosome.
    *   The word "copy" here refers to one instance of the chromosome pair. It is a biological duplicate or identical counterpart.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1 (copy%1:10:00::)**: Definition = "a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)", Synonyms = "transcript".
        *   *Analysis*: This refers to documents/records. A chromosome is not a written record. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 2 (copy%1:06:00::)**: Definition = "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing", Examples = "she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor".
        *   *Analysis*: This is a general definition. A chromosome is a "thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" (in the context of chromosome pairs, one is the copy of the other, or both are copies of the parental genetic information). The example "the clone was a copy of its ancestor" fits the biological context better than the document-based senses. In genetics, one speaks of "copies" of genes or chromosomes because they are biological replicas. This seems like the best fit among the options.
    *   **Sense 3 (copy%1:10:01::)**: Definition = "matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials", Synonyms = "written matter".
        *   *Analysis*: Refers to publishing/printing. Not a chromosome. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 4 (copy%1:10:02::)**: Definition = "material suitable for a journalistic account", Examples = "catastrophes make good copy".
        *   *Analysis*: Refers to journalism/news. Not a chromosome. Incorrect.

4.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   Sense 1 is about legal/school records.
    *   Sense 3 is about printing text.
    *   Sense 4 is about journalism.
    *   Sense 2 is about a thing similar or identical to another thing.
    *   The context involves chromosomes. Humans have two *copies* of each chromosome (one from each parent). These are biological entities that are identical (or near-identical) to each other. This fits the definition of Sense 2 perfectly: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing".

5.  **Format the output**: The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The sense_key `copy%1:06:00::` corresponds to index 2 in the provided list.

6.  **Final Check**:
    *   Context: "first copy of the chromosome".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing".
    *   Does it fit? Yes. Chromosomes are physical objects that exist in duplicate pairs.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finding
Target surface form: finding
Context:
He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The <t>finding</t> riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finding%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | synonyms=determination | examples=the determination of molecular structures
2. sense_key=finding%1:04:01:: | definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. sense_key=finding%1:17:00:: | definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: finding
    *   Target surface form: finding
    *   Context sentence: "The <t>finding</t> riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Broader context: A scientific team led by Webster Cavenee used gene probes to analyze cells from eye tumors. They found defects in chromosome 13. This result/discovery was significant.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `finding%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation"
        *   Synonyms: determination
        *   Examples: "the determination of molecular structures"
        *   Analysis: This refers to the *process* or *act* of finding something. In the sentence "The finding riveted medicine," does "finding" refer to the process of using gene probes? Or the result? While the process led to the result, usually when something "rivets medicine," it is the *result* or the *discovery* itself that is the subject of interest, not the act of looking.
    *   **Sense 2:** `finding%1:04:01::`
        *   Definition: "the decision of a court on issues of fact or law"
        *   Analysis: This is a legal sense. The context is scientific research (molecular genetics, cancer), not a courtroom. This is incorrect.
    *   **Sense 3:** `finding%1:17:00::`
        *   Definition: "something that is found"
        *   Examples: "the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings"
        *   Analysis: This refers to the *result* or the *discovery*.
        *   Context fit: The text describes a scientific discovery ("showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer"). "The finding" refers to this specific discovery/result that riveted the medical community. The sentence "The finding riveted medicine" makes sense as "The discovery/result riveted medicine." Sense 1 (the act) is less likely because the *act* of analyzing cells is a procedure; what riveted people was the conclusion/result of that act.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 vs. Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 emphasizes the *activity* (the determination).
    *   Sense 3 emphasizes the *object/outcome* (something that is found).
    *   Syntactically, "The finding riveted medicine" treats "finding" as an event or object.
    *   Semantically, scientific "findings" are usually the results/conclusions drawn from experiments. "The findings in the gastrointestinal tract" (Sense 3 example) is very similar to "The finding... showed that..." in the context.
    *   Often, WordNet distinguishes between the act (noun.act) and the result (noun.object/noun.artifact/noun.communication). Sense 3 belongs to "noun.Tops" (noun.object usually, or general reference).
    *   Looking at the hierarchy: Sense 1 is under "determination" (act). Sense 3 is under "discovery" or similar result-oriented concept (actually, let's check the definition again: "something that is found"). This fits the scientific "discovery" perfectly. The team *found* the answer. The *answer* is the finding.
    *   Sense 1 is "the act of determining". Example: "The finding of the structure took years." (Process).
    *   Sense 3 is "something that is found". Example: "The finding was surprising." (Result).
    *   The sentence says: "The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed..." This refers to the *content* of the discovery. Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Conclusion:**
    *   The target word refers to the discovery/result made by the scientific team.
    *   Sense 3 defines it as "something that is found".
    *   Sense 1 refers to the act/process.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a legal decision.
    *   Context supports the result/thing found.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   Sense index: 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted <t>medicine</t>. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text describes a scientific discovery regarding cancer genetics (specifically the retinoblastoma gene on chromosome 13).
    *   The key sentence is: "The finding riveted medicine."
    *   "Medicine" is the object of the verb "riveted" (fascinated, held the attention of).
    *   Who or what is riveted by a scientific discovery about cancer genes?
        *   Is it a pill? No (Sense 2).
        *   Is it the punishment? No (Sense 4).
        *   Is it the field of nonsurgical techniques? A bit too narrow (Sense 1).
        *   Is it the profession/field of practice as a whole community? Yes. The discovery was groundbreaking for the entire field/profession of medicine.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (medicine%1:09:00::):** "the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques". Synonym: *medical specialty*.
        *   *Critique:* This definition focuses specifically on *nonsurgical* techniques. While "internal medicine" fits this, the discovery riveted surgeons, oncologists, researchers, etc. It riveted the whole profession, not just the nonsurgical branch. Also, the synonym "medical specialty" feels slightly off for the collective entity being riveted.
    *   **Sense 2 (medicine%1:06:00::):** "(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease". Synonyms: *medication, medicament, medicinal drug*.
        *   *Critique:* Clearly wrong. A finding cannot rivet a pill.
    *   **Sense 3 (medicine%1:04:00::):** "the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries". Synonyms: *practice of medicine*. Example: "he studied medicine at Harvard".
        *   *Critique:* This refers to the profession or the field as an institution/community. When we say "the finding riveted medicine," we mean it riveted the community of practitioners and researchers involved in the practice of medicine. This fits perfectly with metonymy where the abstract field stands for the people in it. The discovery had profound implications for the whole profession.
    *   **Sense 4 (medicine%1:04:02::):** "punishment for one's actions". Synonyms: *music*.
        *   *Critique:* Idiomatic usage ("take your medicine"), not relevant here.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is "medical specialty" (specifically nonsurgical). This is often used to contrast with surgery.
    *   Sense 3 is "the learned profession" / "practice of medicine".
    *   Context: A major breakthrough in cancer genetics.
    *   Usage: "The finding riveted medicine."
    *   We often speak of "advances in medicine" (Sense 3, the field) or "practicing medicine" (Sense 3). While Sense 1 exists, it usually contrasts with surgery. Sense 3 captures the broad academic and professional field. If a finding rivets "medicine," it rivets the profession/field. Sense 3 is the standard "field of medicine" sense used in phrases like "history of medicine," "study medicine," or "advances in medicine." The discovery impacts the discipline/profession as a whole.

    Let's check WordNet hierarchy roughly.
    *   Sense 1 (1:09:00) -> branch of medicine (hyponym of medical science).
    *   Sense 3 (1:04:00) -> profession (hyponym of occupation).
    *   The sentence says the finding "riveted" it. Abstract concepts don't usually get riveted, but institutions/professions (as collective bodies of people) do. Sense 3 implies the profession/body of practitioners.

    Let's look at the definitions again.
    Sense 1: "branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques". This excludes surgery. Did this finding *not* rivet surgeons? Oncological surgeons? Of course, it did. Therefore, Sense 1 is too narrow and semantically mismatched because the discovery applies to the whole field, not just the nonsurgical branch.
    Sense 3: "the learned profession... devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases". This encompasses the entire field and the people within it (via metonymy).

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 3.

5.  **Formatting:** JSON object. {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the <t>first</t> time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The target word is "first" in the phrase "It was the first time anyone had showed...".
2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   Sentence: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Meaning: Before this specific event (Cavenee's team's finding), no one had shown this. This instance is the earliest, preceding all others in the timeline of scientific discovery regarding this specific mechanism.
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:
    *   *Sense 1*: "preceding all others in time or space or degree". Examples: "the first house on the right", "the first day of spring". This fits the temporal aspect of "the first time". It implies priority in time.
    *   *Sense 2*: "indicating the beginning unit in a series". Synonyms: "1st". Example context usually involves counting items in a list (first, second, third). While "first time" could be seen as a series of times, Sense 1 captures the "preceding all others" aspect which is crucial for a unique historical event ("the first time anyone had showed").
    *   *Sense 3*: "serving to set in motion". Synonyms: "inaugural", "initiative". Examples: "inaugural issue". This refers to something starting a process, often an official beginning. "The first time" here isn't necessarily about setting a process in motion (like an inaugural speech) but about the chronological priority of an event.
    *   *Sense 4*: "serving to begin". Synonyms: "beginning". Examples: "beginning canto". This is usually adjectival regarding the start of a single entity (like a poem or verse), not necessarily a temporal event in history like "the first time".
    *   *Sense 5*: "ranking above all others". Synonyms: "foremost". Examples: "first in her class". This implies superiority or quality, not chronological order. The context is about chronological priority, not quality ranking.
    *   *Sense 6*: "highest in pitch...". Specific to music. Irrelevant.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   Sense 2 ("indicating the beginning unit in a series") is often for ordinals (first, second, third).
    *   Sense 1 ("preceding all others in time...") is very broad and fits "first time" perfectly as it emphasizes that no other time preceded it.
    *   In WordNet, "first" as an adjective often falls under the "preceding all others" definition when discussing time instances ("first time").
    *   Let's look at the nuance. "The first time" establishes that there were zero times before this. It is the earliest instance. Sense 1 specifically mentions "preceding all others in time". Sense 2 is about being item #1 in a series. While "first time" implies the start of a potential series of times, the primary meaning here is the temporal precedence (there were no previous instances).
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy if possible (mentally). Usually, "first time" maps to the "preceding all others in time" sense.
    *   Example from Sense 1: "the first day of spring". Example from Sense 2: "1st".
    *   "It was the first time..." roughly equals "It was the earliest instance..." or "No time before this...".
    *   Sense 1 is the most standard definition for general temporal precedence.
    *   Is it ordinal? Yes, it's an ordinal number. Sense 2 is specifically for the ordinal numeral sense. However, Sense 1 is the general adjective sense. In many WSD systems, "first time" maps to the "preceding all others in time" sense rather than the strict ordinal label sense.
    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree.
    *   Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series.
    *   "The first time" means this event precedes all other potential events of that type.
    *   Often, Sense 1 is the preferred sense for adjectival uses describing a unique event or position, whereas Sense 2 is often for the classification/ordinal category.
    *   Let's look at examples provided.
    *   Sense 1: "the first house on the right", "the first day of spring". These are very similar to "the first time".
    *   Sense 2: "1st".
    *   The phrase "the first time" is an idiomatic way of saying "the initial instance". This aligns best with Sense 1's definition "preceding all others in time".

    Let's refine the choice between 1 and 2.
    Sense 1 is broad (time, space, degree).
    Sense 2 is specific to series (beginning unit).
    Is "time" a series? A series of moments? Maybe.
    But Sense 1 explicitly lists "time" in the definition ("preceding all others in time"). Sense 2 focuses on "unit in a series".
    The sentence emphasizes that *no one had showed it before*. This is the definition of preceding all others in time.
    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Decision**: Sense 1.

    Candidate selection:
    Sense 1: preceding all others in time. (Matches "first time").
    Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series. (A bit more structural/counting).
    Sense 3: inaugural/initiatory. (Not the right nuance).
    Sense 4: serving to begin. (Usually for parts of a whole).
    Sense 5: best. (Wrong).
    Sense 6: music. (Wrong).

    Sense 1 is the standard adjectival definition for "first" in contexts like "first time", "first day", "first time I saw him". It denotes temporal priority.

    Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 2 in standard WordNet mappings.
    WordNet 3.0:
    1. first(a) -- (preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; ...)
    2. first, 1st -- (indicating the beginning unit in a series)

    Usually, when "first" modifies "time", it is the temporal precedence sense (Sense 1). When it modifies a numbered item in a list (like "the first chapter"), it might arguably be Sense 2, but even then, Sense 1 covers spatial/temporal ordering.
    However, Sense 1 explicitly mentions "time" in the definition. This is the decisive factor.

    Output format: JSON.