[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: window
Target surface form: windows
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge <t>windows</t> would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=window%1:06:00:: | definition=a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air
2. sense_key=window%1:06:01:: | definition=a transparent opening in a vehicle that allow vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened
3. sense_key=window%1:06:02:: | definition=a transparent panel (as of an envelope) inserted in an otherwise opaque material
4. sense_key=window%1:17:00:: | definition=an opening that resembles a window in appearance or function | examples=he could see them through a window in the trees
5. sense_key=window%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period that is considered best for starting or finishing something | examples=the expanded window will give us time to catch the thieves; they had a window of less than an hour when an attack would have succeeded
6. sense_key=window%1:06:04:: | definition=a pane of glass in a window | synonyms=windowpane | examples=the ball shattered the window
7. sense_key=window%1:06:05:: | definition=an opening in a wall or screen that admits light and air and through which customers can be served | examples=he stuck his head in the window
8. sense_key=window%1:06:03:: | definition=(computer science) a rectangular part of a computer screen that contains a display different from the rest of the screen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The context describes an earthquake ("temblors", "shaking violently").
    *   The location is the "Berkeley Main library".
    *   The target word is "windows" referring to "huge windows" that might "buckle and shower us with glass".
    *   The speaker is worried about the glass breaking.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: `window%1:06:00::` - A framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air.
        *   This is the standard architectural definition for a window in a building.
    *   Sense 2: `window%1:06:01::` - A transparent opening in a vehicle...
        *   The context is a library (a building), not a vehicle.
    *   Sense 3: `window%1:06:02::` - A transparent panel (as of an envelope)...
        *   Not an envelope.
    *   Sense 4: `window%1:17:00::` - An opening that resembles a window in appearance or function...
        *   This is metaphorical or refers to gaps in foliage, etc. The context refers to actual installed windows.
    *   Sense 5: `window%1:28:00::` - The time period that is considered best for starting or finishing something...
        *   Temporal sense. The context is physical objects.
    *   Sense 6: `window%1:06:04::` - A pane of glass in a window (synonym: windowpane).
        *   While the text mentions "shower us with glass", the word "windows" usually refers to the whole structure (frame + glass) in a building context. However, the definition for Sense 1 includes "contains a glass windowpane". Let's look closely at Sense 6. It defines the window specifically as the *pane* of glass. In the sentence "huge windows would buckle", does "windows" refer specifically to the pane or the whole unit?
        *   Often, WordNet distinguishes between the whole unit (Sense 1) and the pane (Sense 6).
        *   Sense 1 definition: "a framework ... that contains a glass windowpane".
        *   Sense 6 definition: "a pane of glass in a window".
        *   The context says: "huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass". Frames buckle. Glass shatters. "Shower us with glass" implies the glass is a component, but the subject is the "huge windows". Usually, one refers to the architectural feature as the window (Sense 1). If I say "clean the windows", I mean the glass, but the entity is the architectural opening. If I say "the windows would buckle", the frame often buckles, or the whole unit fails.
        *   Let's check the example for Sense 6: "the ball shattered the window". Here "window" stands in for the glass pane.
        *   Let's check Sense 1. It is the generic "window" in a building.
        *   Is Sense 6 a hyponym or a separate sense? WordNet 3.0 structure: `window%1:06:00` is the whole framework. `window%1:06:04` is the pane. The pane is a "window" colloquially ("broken window" usually means broken glass).
        *   However, "huge windows" in a library usually implies the architectural installation. The definition of Sense 1 is "a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane". This fits the library setting perfectly.
        *   Sense 6 defines the word "window" as meaning "windowpane". While metonymy is common ("he broke the window" = he broke the pane), Sense 1 is the primary structural sense for buildings. The phrase "buckle" suggests structural failure of the frame/unit, though glass doesn't usually buckle (it shatters). Frames buckle.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit for the architectural unit in a building wall.

    *   Sense 7: `window%1:06:05::` - An opening ... through which customers can be served.
        *   This is a service window (like at a bank or ticket booth). The context is a reading room in a library, not a service counter.

    *   Sense 8: `window%1:06:03::` - Computer science sense.
        *   Not applicable.

3.  **Refine decision between Sense 1 and Sense 6**:
    *   Context: "huge windows would buckle".
    *   Sense 1: Framework containing glass.
    *   Sense 6: Pane of glass.
    *   Reasoning: Glass shatters/cracks/breaks. Frames buckle/warp/distort. Since the text says the windows might "buckle", it suggests the structural framework (Sense 1) is under stress. Furthermore, Sense 1 is the general definition for windows in buildings. Sense 6 is a specific usage where "window" equates to "windowpane". Even if the result is "shower us with glass", the entity being discussed is the library window (the framework). Sense 1 encompasses the structural aspect of the window built into the wall.
    *   Also, Sense 1 is the main entry for the physical object in a building. Sense 6 is often considered a polysemy where the part stands for the whole, but Sense 1 is the primary sense for "windows in a library wall".

4.  **Final Selection**: Sense 1. The context is a building (library). The object is an architectural feature admitting light (implied by "reading room" and "huge"). The definition "framework of wood or metal... built into a wall" matches "huge windows" in a library.

5.  **Format Output**:
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: buckle
Target surface form: buckle
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would <t>buckle</t> and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=buckle%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with a buckle or buckles | synonyms=clasp
2. sense_key=buckle%2:35:01:: | definition=fold or collapse | synonyms=crumple | examples=His knees buckled
3. sense_key=buckle%2:30:00:: | definition=bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat | synonyms=heave, warp | examples=The highway buckled during the heat wave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is "Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." The setting is an earthquake ("temblors", "building started shaking violently"). The object is "huge windows". The consequence is "shower us with glass" (implying breaking/shattering).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "fasten with a buckle or buckles". This refers to a belt or strap mechanism. Windows don't buckle in this sense.
    *   Sense 2: "fold or collapse". Synonym: "crumple". Example: "His knees buckled". This implies structural failure, losing strength, or collapsing inward/outward.
    *   Sense 3: "bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat". Synonyms: "heave, warp". Example: "The highway buckled during the heat wave". This implies deformation due to stress or temperature.

3.  **Evaluate Sense Fit:**
    *   Sense 1 is clearly wrong. Windows are not fastened with buckles.
    *   Sense 3 involves bending out of shape due to heat or pressure. While an earthquake creates pressure, the specific sense of "buckling" for a window frame or glass often implies warping or bending to the point of structural failure. However, the example "highway buckled during the heat wave" suggests a specific type of deformation.
    *   Sense 2 involves "fold or collapse". Synonym "crumple". Example "knees buckled". This is the general sense of structural failure under load.

    Let's look closer at the semantics of windows buckling during an earthquake.
    Windows are rigid. If they "buckle", they deform. If a window deforms significantly, it shatters ("shower us with glass").
    Sense 3 ("bend out of shape") vs Sense 2 ("fold or collapse").
    Usually, "buckle" in the context of structures (buildings, bridges, windows) under stress refers to the physical deformation (warping/bending) that leads to failure.
    WordNet sense 3 explicitly mentions "bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat". This fits the earthquake scenario (pressure/vibration) perfectly.
    WordNet sense 2 ("fold or collapse", "crumple") is often used for body parts (knees) or softer structures, or a total collapse. Windows don't really "fold" or "crumple" (which implies crushing into a smaller shape, like paper or a car bumper). Windows are brittle; they warp (buckle) and then break.

    Let's compare the definitions again.
    Sense 2: "fold or collapse". A window doesn't fold. It might "collapse" in the sense of falling down, but usually, one says a wall collapses. A window *buckles* when the frame warps or the glass bows.
    Sense 3: "bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat". This seems the most scientifically accurate description of what happens to a window frame or pane during an earthquake before it shatters. It bends out of shape.

    Let's check the synonym mapping.
    Sense 2: crumple.
    Sense 3: heave, warp.
    "Warp" is a very good fit for a window or frame under stress.

    Let's check standard usage.
    "The window frames buckled." -> They bent out of shape.
    "The road buckled." -> It bent out of shape (Sense 3).
    "His knees buckled." -> They collapsed/folded (Sense 2).

    Therefore, for a window under earthquake stress, Sense 3 is the best fit. It describes the physical distortion under pressure.

    Wait, let me reconsider Sense 2. Sometimes "buckle" is used generally for "give way".
    "The government buckled under pressure." (Metaphorical Sense 2 or similar).
    "The knees buckled." (Collapse).
    A window "buckling" usually implies the physical deformation (warping) leading to breakage. Sense 3's definition "bend out of shape, as under pressure" aligns with the physical stress of an earthquake.

    Let's verify if there's a nuance where Sense 2 is preferred for "give way".
    If the windows "buckle and shower us with glass", the buckling is the precursor to the breaking.
    Glass bends -> breaks. Frames bend -> glass breaks.
    Sense 3: "bend out of shape". This is the physical process.
    Sense 2: "fold or collapse". Windows don't fold. They might "collapse" (fall in), but "shower us with glass" suggests shattering caused by the deformation. The deformation itself is "bending out of shape".

    I will select Sense 3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shower
Target surface form: shower
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and <t>shower</t> us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shower%2:40:00:: | definition=expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns | synonyms=lavish | examples=He was showered with praise
2. sense_key=shower%2:35:00:: | definition=spray or sprinkle with | examples=The guests showered rice on the couple
3. sense_key=shower%2:29:00:: | definition=take a shower; wash one's body in the shower | examples=You should shower after vigorous exercise
4. sense_key=shower%2:43:00:: | definition=rain abundantly | synonyms=shower down | examples=Meteors showered down over half of Australia
5. sense_key=shower%2:34:12:: | definition=provide abundantly with | examples=He showered her with presents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `shower`
    *   Target surface form: `shower`
    *   Context sentence: "Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and <t>shower</t> us with glass."
    *   Semantic role: The windows are the agent/source, "us" is the recipient, and "glass" is the thing being showered. The windows are breaking and sending glass falling/flying onto the people.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `shower%2:40:00::` | Definition: "expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns" | Synonyms: lavish | Example: "He was showered with praise".
        *   *Critique:* This sense is often used metaphorically or with abstract things (praise, gifts, attention), though the definition mentions "expend". The example "showered with praise" is metaphorical. The context here is physical (glass), but the structure "shower [recipient] with [object]" matches. However, the specific definition "expend profusely" and the synonym "lavish" feel slightly off for a physical accident involving falling debris, though it's a strong contender structurally.
    *   **Sense 2:** `shower%2:35:00::` | Definition: "spray or sprinkle with" | Example: "The guests showered rice on the couple".
        *   *Critique:* This sense involves an agent actively sprinkling or spraying something. The example shows "showered rice on the couple". The context implies a passive/accidental release of debris due to structural failure, not an intentional spraying/sprinkling. However, the core meaning of "sprinkle" (small particles falling) fits the physical nature of glass shards falling.
    *   **Sense 3:** `shower%2:29:00::` | Definition: "take a shower; wash one's body in the shower".
        *   *Critique:* Irrelevant. This is about personal hygiene.
    *   **Sense 4:** `shower%2:43:00::` | Definition: "rain abundantly" | Synonyms: shower down | Example: "Meteors showered down over half of Australia".
        *   *Critique:* This refers to things falling from the sky naturally (rain, meteors). While glass falling could be seen as similar to "raining down", the syntactic frame in the context is "shower us with glass", whereas this sense usually appears as "shower down" or intransitively.
    *   **Sense 5:** `shower%2:34:12::` | Definition: "provide abundantly with" | Example: "He showered her with presents".
        *   *Critique:* This is about giving gifts or good things. It implies an agent providing something desirable. Getting hit by glass is not "providing abundantly with".

3.  **Deep dive into the structural and semantic match:**
    *   The sentence is: "...windows would buckle and **shower us with glass**."
    *   Syntactic frame: `shower [recipient] with [substance/particles]`.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: Definition "expend profusely". Example "He was showered with praise". This usually implies bestowing something (often positive or abstract).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: Definition "spray or sprinkle with". Example "The guests showered rice on the couple". The example has a different syntax ("showered rice on the couple" vs "showered us with glass"), but the physical action is closer. However, usually Sense 2 is active.
    *   Let's look at Sense 5 again: Definition "provide abundantly with". Example "He showered her with presents". The syntax `shower [recipient] with [object]` matches perfectly. But the definition "provide abundantly with" implies generosity or bestowal.
    *   Is there a sense for "falling debris"?
    *   Let's check Sense 1 vs Sense 5 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1 ("expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns"): The "abstract nouns" tag suggests this is the metaphorical sense. "Showered with praise", "showered with abuse".
    *   Sense 5 ("provide abundantly with"): "Showered with presents". This is the gift-giving sense.
    *   Sense 2 ("spray or sprinkle with"): This is the physical sense of projecting small particles.

    *   *Re-evaluating the context:* "shower us with glass". This involves physical particles (glass shards) falling/flying onto someone.
    *   Is this Sense 2? The definition "spray or sprinkle with" fits the physicality. When a window breaks, it scatters/sprinkles glass.
    *   However, looking at WordNet 3.0/3.1 data structure usually found in WSD tasks:
        *   Sense 1 (shower%2:40:00): "expend profusely..."
        *   Sense 2 (shower%2:35:00): "spray or sprinkle with"
        *   Sense 5 (shower%2:34:12): "provide abundantly with"

    *   Let's check the syntactic frames again.
    *   Context: `shower [indirect object] with [direct object]`.
    *   Example for Sense 5: "He showered her with presents". (Matches syntax).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "He was showered with praise". (Passive matches the valency of the target "shower us with glass" -> "We were showered with glass").
    *   Example for Sense 2: "The guests showered rice on the couple". (Different syntax).

    *   However, "shower us with glass" is a physical event, not a gift or abstract praise.
    *   Let's look at the "spray or sprinkle" definition (Sense 2). If I "spray someone with water", I am performing Sense 2. If a fire hydrant "showers someone with water", is it Sense 2? Yes. It is the physical dispersion of particles/liquid.
    *   The context describes windows breaking and sending glass flying. This is a physical dispersion of particles (glass). It aligns closest to "spray or sprinkle with" (Sense 2) or perhaps Sense 1 if Sense 1 is the general "expend profusely" (but Sense 1 specifies "abstract nouns" in the gloss which makes it a bad fit for glass).

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. "expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns". The gloss suggests the *primary* usage is abstract. Glass is concrete.
    *   Let's reconsider Sense 2. "spray or sprinkle with". This is concrete. The example "showered rice on the couple" uses "showered [theme] on [recipient]". The target uses "showered [recipient] with [theme]".
    *   Let's reconsider Sense 5. "provide abundantly with". This implies benefaction. The glass event is maleficent (or at least accidental/neutral).

    *   Often, WSD systems group "showering with objects" under Sense 5 or Sense 1 depending on the frame.
    *   Let's look for a specific "scatter/disperse" sense.
    *   WordNet 3.0:
        *   `shower%2:35:00`: spray or sprinkle with.
    *   If I say "The volcano showered the village with ash", which sense is it? It's not "providing" (Sense 5). It's not "abstract" (Sense 1). It is physically spraying/sprinkling/covering.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 ("spray or sprinkle with") is the most physically appropriate definition for physical particles (glass) hitting people, even though the specific example in the gloss uses a different preposition ("on").
    *   Wait, let's check Sense 1 again. "expend profusely". The "abstract nouns" part is an *addition* ("also used with..."), implying it *can* be used with concrete but is noted for abstract.
    *   However, Sense 2 is explicitly about the physical action of spraying/sprinkling.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 contexts.
    *   Sense 1: "showered with praise", "showered with gifts" (often Sense 5 covers gifts).
    *   Sense 2: "shower the lawn with water", "shower the couple with rice" (or "shower rice on the couple").
    *   The target: "shower us with glass".
    *   Glass shards act like rice or water in a spray. It is a physical phenomenon.
    *   Sense 2 is the best fit for the physical action of projecting particles.

    *   Let's look at the WordNet files (WNDB) mappings often used in SemCor/ONTONOTES.
    *   `shower%2:35:00` (Sense 2) is often the catch-all for physical "covering with particles".
    *   Let's double check Sense 1 `shower%2:40:00`. The definition "expend profusely" implies the subject owns the resource and spends it.
    *   Sense 5 `shower%2:34:12`. "provide abundantly with".
    *   Between 2, 1, and 5:
        *   1: Abstract/Expenditure.
        *   2: Physical spray/sprinkle.
        *   5: Gift-giving/Provision.
    *   The "glass" context is physical, accidental, and involves debris.
    *   This matches the physical action of "spraying" (Sense 2).
    *   Let's check if Sense 2 supports the "with" preposition. WordNet glosses are often schematic. "Spray or sprinkle with" implies the preposition "with" is part of the subcategorization frame. The example "The guests showered rice on the couple" is the *other* frame (Theme-Recipient).
    *   The target "shower us with glass" is the Recipient-Theme frame.
    *   Sense 1 definition says "expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns". This suggests Sense 1 is reserved for the metaphorical extension (praise, abuse, etc.).
    *   Sense 5 definition says "provide abundantly with". This is for gifts/benefits.
    *   Sense 2 definition says "spray or sprinkle with". This covers the physical scattering of particles.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice for "showering with glass".

    *   Let's verify if there's a "falling down" sense that fits better.
    *   Sense 4: "rain abundantly". Example "Meteors showered down". This is intransitive usually, or "showered down [location]". The target is transitive with "with".
    *   So it's definitely between 1, 2, and 5.
    *   Since "glass" is a concrete physical substance and the event is not a "gift", Sense 5 is out.
    *   Since "glass" is concrete and not abstract, Sense 1 (which highlights abstract usage) is less likely than Sense 2.
    *   Sense 2 covers "spray or sprinkle with". Breaking glass sprinkles glass. This is the correct physical sense.

    *   Wait, let's look closely at Sense 1 vs Sense 5.
    *   In many WSD datasets, `shower%2:34:12` (Sense 5) is used for "showered her with presents".
    *   `shower%2:40:00` (Sense 1) is used for "showered with praise".
    *   What about "showered the team with confetti"?
    *   This is physical.
    *   If I check the WordNet browser for `shower%2:35:00`:
        *   Definition: spray or sprinkle with.
        *   Frame: `Somebody ----s somebody with something`.
        *   This frame matches "shower us with glass".
    *   Sense 1 Frame: `Somebody ----s something`. (Often intransitive or simple transitive? No, the example "showered with praise" is passive). Active frame for Sense 1: "He showered praise on them".
    *   Sense 5 Frame: `Somebody ----s somebody with something`. Matches syntax. Matches "presents".
    *   The context "shower us with glass" matches the syntax of Sense 2 and Sense 5.
    *   Definition of Sense 2: "spray or sprinkle with". Definition of Sense 5: "provide abundantly with".
    *   The windows are not "providing" glass. They are breaking and "sprinkling/spraying" glass.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct semantic mapping for this physical, non-gift, particle-based event.

    *   Let's double check Sense 1's "expend profusely". One does not "expend" glass from a window.
    *   Let's double check Sense 5's "provide abundantly". Windows do not "provide" glass as a resource or gift.
    *   Sense 2 "spray or sprinkle with". When a window buckles, it explodes/sprinkles glass. This matches the definition best.

    *   Let's check if Sense 2 is strictly for liquids. "Spray" usually implies liquid. "Sprinkle" implies small particles (rice, confetti, ash, glass).
    *   Glass shards = small particles.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 fits "sprinkle with glass".

    *   Final check:
        *   Target: "...shower us with glass."
        *   Sense 2: "spray or sprinkle with".
        *   Syntactic match: Yes (Verb Recipient with Theme).
        *   Semantic match: Yes (Physical particles).
        *   Sense 1/5: Incorrect semantic field (Expenditure/Gifts/Abstract).

    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: glass
Target surface form: glass
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with <t>glass</t>. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=glass%1:27:00:: | definition=a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure
2. sense_key=glass%1:06:00:: | definition=a container for holding liquids while drinking | synonyms=drinking glass
3. sense_key=glass%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity a glass will hold | synonyms=glassful
4. sense_key=glass%1:06:03:: | definition=a small refracting telescope | synonyms=field glass, spyglass
5. sense_key=glass%1:06:01:: | definition=an amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine) used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used as a stimulant to the nervous system and as an appetite suppressant | synonyms=methamphetamine, methamphetamine hydrochloride, Methedrine, meth, deoxyephedrine, chalk
6. sense_key=glass%1:06:02:: | definition=a mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror | synonyms=looking glass
7. sense_key=glass%1:06:04:: | definition=glassware collectively | examples=She collected old glass

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence is: "Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with <t>glass</t>."
    *   The situation is an earthquake ("temblors", "building started shaking").
    *   The object is "huge windows".
    *   The action is "buckle and shower us with".
    *   Windows are made of a brittle, transparent material. When they break in an earthquake, they shatter into shards or pieces of this material.
    *   The phrase "shower us with glass" refers to the material itself (the shards), not a container, a quantity, a telescope, a drug, a mirror, or a collective collection of glassware.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (glass%1:27:00::):* "a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure".
        *   Definition analysis: This defines the material/substance "glass". Windows are made of this material. When windows shatter, they produce pieces of this substance.
        *   Context fit: Perfect. "Shower us with glass" implies the material breaking apart.

    *   *Sense 2 (glass%1:06:00::):* "a container for holding liquids while drinking".
        *   Definition analysis: A drinking vessel.
        *   Context fit: Unlikely. While libraries might have drinking glasses, the context focuses on "huge windows" breaking. Windows don't break into drinking glasses.

    *   *Sense 3 (glass%1:23:00::):* "the quantity a glass will hold".
        *   Definition analysis: A unit of measurement/volume.
        *   Context fit: Incorrect. You can't be showered with a quantity.

    *   *Sense 4 (glass%1:06:03::):* "a small refracting telescope".
        *   Definition analysis: An optical instrument.
        *   Context fit: Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 5 (glass%1:06:01::):* "an amphetamine derivative...".
        *   Definition analysis: A drug (meth).
        *   Context fit: Incorrect context.

    *   *Sense 6 (glass%1:06:02::):* "a mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror".
        *   Definition analysis: An object.
        *   Context fit: Incorrect. While windows are reflective sometimes, the breaking implies the material, not the object class "mirror".

    *   *Sense 7 (glass%1:06:04::):* "glassware collectively".
        *   Definition analysis: A collection of glass objects (e.g., decorative items).
        *   Context fit: The example "She collected old glass" fits this. Here, the context refers to the shards of the windows. While this is technically "glassware" in a broad sense of objects made of glass, sense 1 specifically defines the *substance* or *material* usually associated with breaking windows (a brittle transparent solid). Sense 7 usually refers to a category of artifacts (vases, bowls, etc.) as a collection, not the physical shards of a building material.

3.  **Comparison and Decision:**
    *   The context involves windows breaking. The shards falling are made of the *material* glass.
    *   Sense 1 defines the material ("brittle transparent solid").
    *   Sense 7 defines a collective category of artifacts ("glassware collectively").
    *   In "shower us with glass", "glass" refers to the physical substance shards, not the collective category of artifacts. Sense 1 is the standard definition for the material. For example, "There is broken glass on the floor" maps to sense 1 (the substance/material), not sense 7 (a collection of vases).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: books
Context:
This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few <t>books</t> fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "Only a few books fell in the reading room."
    *   Scenario: An earthquake (building shaking violently). The speaker is in the Berkeley Main library.
    *   Action: "books fell". This implies physical objects toppling over, likely from shelves.
    *   Location: "reading room" in a library. Libraries contain physical volumes of written works.

2.  **Analyze the target word:** "books" (plural noun).

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)".
        *   Focus: Content/Intellectual work.
        *   Example: "I am reading a good book on economics".
        *   Fit: While libraries contain these, the action "fell" strongly emphasizes the physical aspect. However, Sense 1 often overlaps with Sense 2. Let's look at Sense 2.

    *   **Sense 2:** "physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together".
        *   Focus: Physicality.
        *   Example: "he used a large book as a doorstop".
        *   Fit: The context mentions the building shaking and things falling. The physical objects (volumes) falling off shelves is the most accurate visual description. The distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 2 in WordNet can be subtle. Sense 1 focuses on the work (content), Sense 2 focuses on the tome (object).
        *   Comparison: If I say "I burned a book", I am destroying the physical object (Sense 2). If I say "I hated that book", I refer to the content (Sense 1). Here, the books "fell". Falling is a property of physical objects.
        *   Synonym provided: "volume". This fits the library context perfectly (rows of volumes).

    *   **Sense 3:** "a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone".
        *   Focus: Records (sports, etc.).
        *   Fit: Not applicable in a library reading room during an earthquake (unless metaphorical, which isn't supported here).

    *   **Sense 4:** "a written version of a play...".
        *   Focus: Script.
        *   Fit: Unlikely to be the general reference to "books" in a library.

    *   **Sense 5:** "a record in which commercial accounts are recorded".
        *   Focus: Financial ledgers.
        *   Fit: Incorrect context (library, not a business office).

    *   **Sense 6:** "a collection of playing cards...".
        *   Fit: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 7:** "a collection of rules...".
        *   Fit: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 8:** "the sacred writings of Islam...".
        *   Fit: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 9:** "the sacred writings of the Christian religions...".
        *   Fit: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 10:** "a major division of a long written composition".
        *   Fit: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 11:** "a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together...".
        *   Fit: Incorrect (not stamps).

4.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   WordNet distinguishes between the intellectual content (Sense 1) and the physical artifact (Sense 2).
    *   Context clue: "building started shaking... huge windows would buckle... Only a few books fell".
    *   The physicality is paramount here. The shaking causes physical displacement.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "a written work or composition...".
    *   While a library holds "written works", the objects that fall during an earthquake are the physical volumes.
    *   Sense 2 includes the synonym "volume".
    *   In similar WSD tasks (like SemCor), physical handling (holding, dropping, burning, shelving) usually maps to the physical artifact sense (Sense 2), whereas reading/critiquing maps to the content sense (Sense 1). "Fell" is a physical action. Therefore, Sense 2 is the precise choice.

5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 2 captures the physical nature of the books that fell.

    *   Sense 1 index: 1
    *   Sense 2 index: 2

    Result: Index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fall
Target surface form: fell
Context:
This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books <t>fell</t> in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fall%2:38:03:: | definition=descend in free fall under the influence of gravity | examples=The branch fell from the tree; The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse
2. sense_key=fall%2:38:00:: | definition=move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way | synonyms=descend, go down, come down | examples=The temperature is going down; The barometer is falling
3. sense_key=fall%2:30:08:: | definition=pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind | examples=fall into a trap; She fell ill
4. sense_key=fall%2:42:03:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=come | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
5. sense_key=fall%2:43:00:: | definition=fall from clouds | synonyms=precipitate, come down | examples=rain, snow and sleet were falling; Vesuvius precipitated its fiery, destructive rage on Herculaneum
6. sense_key=fall%2:41:02:: | definition=suffer defeat, failure, or ruin | examples=We must stand or fall; fall by the wayside
7. sense_key=fall%2:42:00:: | definition=die, as in battle or in a hunt | examples=Many soldiers fell at Verdun; Several deer have fallen to the same gun
8. sense_key=fall%2:42:04:: | definition=touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly | synonyms=shine, strike | examples=Light fell on her face; The sun shone on the fields
9. sense_key=fall%2:40:05:: | definition=be captured | examples=The cities fell to the enemy
10. sense_key=fall%2:30:00:: | definition=occur at a specified time or place | examples=Christmas falls on a Monday this year; The accent falls on the first syllable
11. sense_key=fall%2:30:06:: | definition=decrease in size, extent, or range | synonyms=decrease, diminish, lessen | examples=The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester; The cabin pressure fell dramatically
12. sense_key=fall%2:41:01:: | definition=yield to temptation or sin | examples=Adam and Eve fell
13. sense_key=fall%2:41:00:: | definition=lose office or power | examples=The government fell overnight; The Qing Dynasty fell with Sun Yat-sen
14. sense_key=fall%2:40:03:: | definition=to be given by assignment or distribution | examples=The most difficult task fell on the youngest member of the team; The onus fell on us
15. sense_key=fall%2:38:01:: | definition=move in a specified direction | examples=The line of men fall forward
16. sense_key=fall%2:42:02:: | definition=be due | examples=payments fall on the 1st of the month
17. sense_key=fall%2:41:15:: | definition=lose one's chastity | examples=a fallen woman
18. sense_key=fall%2:40:12:: | definition=to be given by right or inheritance | examples=The estate fell to the oldest daughter
19. sense_key=fall%2:40:09:: | definition=come into the possession of | synonyms=accrue | examples=The house accrued to the oldest son
20. sense_key=fall%2:40:08:: | definition=fall to somebody by assignment or lot | synonyms=light | examples=The task fell to me; It fell to me to notify the parents of the victims
21. sense_key=fall%2:40:13:: | definition=be inherited by | synonyms=return, pass, devolve | examples=The estate fell to my sister; The land returned to the family
22. sense_key=fall%2:38:11:: | definition=slope downward | examples=The hills around here fall towards the ocean
23. sense_key=fall%2:38:15:: | definition=lose an upright position suddenly | synonyms=fall down | examples=The vase fell over and the water spilled onto the table; Her hair fell across her forehead
24. sense_key=fall%2:38:14:: | definition=drop oneself to a lower or less erect position | examples=She fell back in her chair; He fell to his knees
25. sense_key=fall%2:35:00:: | definition=fall or flow in a certain way | synonyms=hang, flow | examples=This dress hangs well; Her long black hair flowed down her back
26. sense_key=fall%2:30:11:: | definition=assume a disappointed or sad expression | examples=Her face fell when she heard that she would be laid off; his crest fell
27. sense_key=fall%2:30:14:: | definition=be cast down | examples=his eyes fell
28. sense_key=fall%2:30:10:: | definition=come out; issue | examples=silly phrases fell from her mouth
29. sense_key=fall%2:30:09:: | definition=be born, used chiefly of lambs | examples=The lambs fell in the afternoon
30. sense_key=fall%2:30:12:: | definition=begin vigorously | examples=The prisoners fell to work right away
31. sense_key=fall%2:30:15:: | definition=go as if by falling | examples=Grief fell from our hearts
32. sense_key=fall%2:30:13:: | definition=come as if by falling | synonyms=descend, settle | examples=Night fell; Silence fell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "fell" (past tense of "fall") in the context:

"Only a few books fell in the reading room."

The context is about an earthquake - books were knocked off shelves by the shaking building. The books fell downward due to gravity after being displaced by the earthquake.

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=fall%2:38:03:: | definition=descend in free fall under the influence of gravity | examples=The branch fell from the tree; The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse

This sense describes objects descending in free fall under gravity. This fits well - the books fell from shelves due to the earthquake shaking.

2. sense_key=fall%2:38:00:: | definition=move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way | synonyms=descend, go down, come down | examples=The temperature is going down; The barometer is falling

This is more abstract - things like temperature, barometer readings. Not applicable.

3. sense_key=fall%2:30:08:: | definition=pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind | examples=fall into a trap; She fell ill

Not applicable - this is about entering a state.

4. sense_key=fall%2:42:03:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=come | examples=fall into a category

Not applicable - classification sense.

5. sense_key=fall%2:43:00:: | definition=fall from clouds | synonyms=precipitate, come down | examples=rain, snow and sleet were falling

Not applicable - this is about precipitation.

6. sense_key=fall%2:41:02:: | definition=suffer defeat, failure, or ruin

Not applicable.

7. sense_key=fall%2:42:00:: | definition=die, as in battle or in a hunt

Not applicable.

8. sense_key=fall%2:42:04:: | definition=touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly

Not applicable - light falling on something.

9. sense_key=fall%2:40:05:: | definition=be captured

Not applicable.

10. sense_key=fall%2:30:00:: | definition=occur at a specified time or place

Not applicable.

11. sense_key=fall%2:30:06:: | definition=decrease in size, extent, or range

Not applicable.

12-32: None of these apply - they're about temptation, losing power, inheritance, slopes, posture, facial expressions, etc.

The best sense is clearly sense 1: "descend in free fall under the influence of gravity" with examples like "The branch fell from the tree."

The books fell from shelves due to the earthquake - they descended under gravity. This matches the first sense perfectly.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: paint
Target surface form: paint
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto <t>paint</t> shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=paint%1:06:00:: | definition=a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating | synonyms=pigment | examples=artists use `paint' and `pigment' interchangeably
2. sense_key=paint%1:15:00:: | definition=(basketball) a space (including the foul line) in front of the basket at each end of a basketball court; usually painted a different color from the rest of the court | synonyms=key | examples=he hit a jump shot from the top of the key; he dominates play in the paint
3. sense_key=paint%1:06:01:: | definition=makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks | synonyms=rouge, blusher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target is "paint" (noun, singular form implied by the adjective "auto" preceding it, though "auto paint shop" could be parsed as "auto-paint shop" or "auto [paint shop]"). The lemma is "paint".

2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air."
    *   Context clues: "auto paint shop", "fire", "smoke".
    *   "Auto paint shop" refers to a place where cars are painted.
    *   The "paint" here refers to the liquid substance used to coat cars.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `paint%1:06:00::` | definition: "a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating" | synonyms: pigment.
        *   Analysis: This matches the standard definition of paint used in a shop. An "auto paint shop" uses this substance. This fits perfectly.
    *   **Sense 2**: `paint%1:15:00::` | definition: "(basketball) a space (including the foul line) in front of the basket..." | synonyms: key.
        *   Analysis: This is a basketball term. "Auto paint shop" makes no sense with the basketball definition.
    *   **Sense 3**: `paint%1:06:01::` | definition: "makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks" | synonyms: rouge, blusher.
        *   Analysis: This is a cosmetics term. While "paint" can be slang for makeup, "auto paint shop" clearly refers to automotive coating, not makeup.

4.  **Select the best sense**: Sense 1 is the literal substance used for coating surfaces (cars in this case). It is the primary definition of the noun "paint".

5.  **Format Output**: The instructions ask for a JSON object with the key "sense_index". Since I numbered the candidates 1, 2, and 3, the correct index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shop
Target surface form: shop
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint <t>shop</t> fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shop%1:06:00:: | definition=a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services | synonyms=store | examples=he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod
2. sense_key=shop%1:06:01:: | definition=small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done | synonyms=workshop
3. sense_key=shop%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of instruction in a trade (as carpentry or electricity) | synonyms=shop class | examples=I built a birdhouse in shop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `shop`
    *   Target surface form: `shop`
    *   Context snippet: "...Then the auto paint **shop** fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air."
    *   Key clues: "auto paint shop", "fire", "black smoke".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services" (synonyms: store). Focus: Retail, sales. Example: buying something at a shop.
    *   Sense 2: "small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done" (synonyms: workshop). Focus: Workplace, production, manufacturing, repair.
    *   Sense 3: "a course of instruction in a trade" (synonyms: shop class). Focus: Education, school setting.

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1 vs. Sense 2:**
    *   An "auto paint shop" is a place where cars are painted. While they might sell paint or services, the primary nature of the business in this context involves a workspace with chemicals (paint), equipment, and potentially dangerous processes leading to a fire with "black smoke".
    *   Retail stores (Sense 1) sell goods. An auto paint shop sells a service (painting cars) or paint supplies. However, the specific nature of an auto paint shop fits "small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done" (painting a car is a craft/manufacturing process) better than a generic retail store.
    *   In WordNet hierarchies, distinctions between retail shops and manufacturing/repair workshops are often distinguished by these two senses. An "auto paint shop" is a place of work/repair/manufacturing (body work), not just a showroom or a store selling goods off the shelf.
    *   Sense 2's definition "small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done" and synonym "workshop" aligns perfectly with the industrial nature of an auto paint shop (spray booths, mixing paints, repair work).
    *   The fire producing black smoke suggests an industrial/chemical hazard typical of a workshop environment rather than a simple retail storefront.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 3:**
    *   This refers to a school class. "Auto paint shop fire" is clearly not a school class catching fire (or if it were, it would be specified as a school). It is a commercial entity. Sense 3 is ruled out.

5.  **Decision between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   While an auto paint shop is a business that might sell services (fitting Sense 1 broadly), the specific compound "auto paint shop" refers to the facility where the work is done. WordNet Sense 2 specifically captures the "workplace" aspect (workshop).
    *   Often, repair shops (like auto repair shops, paint shops) are categorized under the "workshop" sense (Sense 2) because the emphasis is on the work being performed on-site. If the text said "I bought paint at the auto paint shop," Sense 1 might be slightly more plausible, but even then, it's a specialized supplier. However, the text mentions a "fire" and "black smoke" originating from the physical location where the work/chemicals are stored. This strongly implies the "workplace" aspect of Sense 2.
    *   Let's check standard WSD practice for "body shop" or "repair shop". These are usually mapped to the workshop sense because they are distinct from general retail stores. An auto paint shop is a workshop for painting cars.

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services".
    Let's re-read Sense 2: "small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done".

    An auto paint shop is primarily a place where work is done (painting). It fits the definition of a workshop. While it is a business (Sense 1), the physical location is a workshop. In WSD tasks involving "shop" in compounds like "body shop", "repair shop", "paint shop", the 'workshop' sense is the intended distinction from a 'store'.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

6.  **Final Output Generation:**
    *   Select index 2.
    *   Format: JSON `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fire
Target surface form: fire
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop <t>fire</t> sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fire%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of something burning (often destructive) | examples=they lost everything in the fire
2. sense_key=fire%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy | synonyms=firing | examples=hold your fire until you can see the whites of their eyes; they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire
3. sense_key=fire%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke | synonyms=flame, flaming | examples=fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries
4. sense_key=fire%1:06:00:: | definition=a fireplace in which a relatively small fire is burning | examples=they sat by the fire and talked
5. sense_key=fire%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. sense_key=fire%1:12:00:: | definition=feelings of great warmth and intensity | synonyms=ardor, ardour, fervor, fervour, fervency, fervidness | examples=he spoke with great ardor
7. sense_key=fire%1:27:00:: | definition=fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking | examples=put the kettle on the fire; barbecue over an open fire
8. sense_key=fire%1:11:01:: | definition=a severe trial | examples=he went through fire and damnation
9. sense_key=fire%1:10:00:: | definition=intense adverse criticism | synonyms=attack, flak, flack, blast | examples=Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party; the government has come under attack

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "fire" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air."
    *   Context clues: "auto paint shop", "black smoke", "burning" (implied by smoke).
    *   The phrase refers to a destructive event where an auto paint shop was burning.
3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `fire%1:11:00::` | definition="the event of something burning (often destructive)" | examples="they lost everything in the fire".
        *   Analysis: This fits perfectly. The context describes a specific burning event at a shop, which produced smoke and was likely destructive (as auto paint shops are flammable). The example sentence aligns with the context of a disaster/accident.
    *   **Sense 2**: `fire%1:04:00::` | definition="the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. No weapons mentioned.
    *   **Sense 3**: `fire%1:22:00::` | definition="the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke".
        *   Analysis: This is a close second because it mentions smoke. However, usually, "the [location] fire" (e.g., "the paint shop fire") refers to the *event* or *instance* of burning, rather than the abstract physical process. Sense 1 ("the event of something burning") is the specific instantiation of the process at a specific time and place. Sense 3 is often used for the general phenomenon (e.g., "Fire is hot"). When referring to a specific accident, Sense 1 is the standard WordNet sense. Let's check the hierarchy. Sense 1 (event) is a child of "happening/hazard". Sense 3 (process) is a child of "combustion". In news reports or disaster narratives ("the fire at the shop"), it refers to the event. The distinction between "process" and "event" is subtle but real in WSD. "The house fire" is Sense 1. "Fire requires oxygen" is Sense 3. Here, "the auto paint shop fire" refers to the incident.
    *   **Sense 4**: `fire%1:06:00::` | definition="a fireplace in which a relatively small fire is burning".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. It's an auto paint shop, not a hearth/fireplace.
    *   **Sense 5**: `fire%1:27:01::` | definition="once thought to be one of four elements...".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. Not elemental fire.
    *   **Sense 6**: `fire%1:12:00::` | definition="feelings of great warmth and intensity".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. Metaphorical.
    *   **Sense 7**: `fire%1:27:00::` | definition="fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. Not used for cooking here.
    *   **Sense 8**: `fire%1:11:01::` | definition="a severe trial".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. Idiomatic.
    *   **Sense 9**: `fire%1:10:00::` | definition="intense adverse criticism".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. Metaphorical.

4.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   Sense 1 defines "the event of something burning (often destructive)". The text describes a specific event ("the auto paint shop fire") resulting in smoke, fitting the definition and examples ("they lost everything in the fire").
    *   Sense 3 defines the "process of combustion". While the physical process is happening, the grammatical construction "the [Location] fire" (The Berkeley Fire, The Great Fire of London, the auto paint shop fire) denotes the *event/incident*.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the precise choice for a specific destructive burning incident.

5.  **Format output**: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: send
Target surface form: sent
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire <t>sent</t> an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=send%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to go somewhere | synonyms=direct | examples=The explosion sent the car flying in the air; She sent her children to camp
2. sense_key=send%2:35:00:: | definition=to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place | synonyms=send out | examples=He had sent the dispatches downtown to the proper people and had slept
3. sense_key=send%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to be directed or transmitted to another place | synonyms=mail, post | examples=send me your latest results; I'll mail you the paper when it's written
4. sense_key=send%2:38:00:: | definition=transport commercially | synonyms=transport, ship
5. sense_key=send%2:33:00:: | definition=assign to a station | synonyms=station, post, place
6. sense_key=send%2:32:02:: | definition=transfer | synonyms=get off, send off | examples=The spy sent the classified information off to Russia
7. sense_key=send%2:40:00:: | definition=cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution | synonyms=commit, institutionalize, institutionalise, charge | examples=After the second episode, she had to be committed; he was committed to prison
8. sense_key=send%2:32:03:: | definition=broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television | synonyms=air, broadcast, beam, transmit | examples=We cannot air this X-rated song

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: *send*
    *   Target surface form: *sent*
    *   Context sentence: "Then the auto paint shop fire *sent* an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air."

2.  **Analyze the Context Meaning:**
    *   Subject: "the auto paint shop fire"
    *   Action: "sent"
    *   Object: "an evil-looking cloud of black smoke"
    *   Direction/Destination: "into the air"
    *   Meaning: The fire caused smoke to go up/into the air. It's a physical movement caused by an event (the fire).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1: sense_key=send%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to go somewhere | synonyms=direct | examples=The explosion sent the car flying in the air; She sent her children to camp**
        *   Definition matches: "cause to go somewhere".
        *   Example matches: "The explosion sent the car flying in the air" is very similar structurally and semantically to "the fire sent a cloud... into the air". In both cases, an event causes an object (car/smoke) to move violently or forcefully in a direction.
        *   Synonyms: "direct" is a bit weak for the physical force implied, but the definition and example are strong.
        *   Fit: High.

    *   **Sense 2: sense_key=send%2:35:00:: | definition=to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place | synonyms=send out | examples=He had sent the dispatches downtown...**
        *   Focus on ordering or transmitting items (like dispatches).
        *   Fit: Low. Fire doesn't "order" smoke.

    *   **Sense 3: sense_key=send%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to be directed or transmitted to another place | synonyms=mail, post | examples=send me your latest results...**
        *   Focus on mailing/posting correspondence.
        *   Fit: Low.

    *   **Sense 4: sense_key=send%2:38:00:: | definition=transport commercially | synonyms=transport, ship**
        *   Focus on commercial transport.
        *   Fit: Low.

    *   **Sense 5: sense_key=send%2:33:00:: | definition=assign to a station | synonyms=station, post, place**
        *   Focus on assigning people to posts.
        *   Fit: Low.

    *   **Sense 6: sense_key=send%2:32:02:: | definition=transfer | synonyms=get off, send off | examples=The spy sent the classified information off to Russia**
        *   Focus on transferring information or items.
        *   Fit: Low. This is usually about specific items being transferred, often information.

    *   **Sense 7: sense_key=send%2:40:00:: | definition=cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution | synonyms=commit, institutionalize...**
        *   Focus on admitting people to institutions.
        *   Fit: Low.

    *   **Sense 8: sense_key=send%2:32:03:: | definition=broadcast over the airwaves... | synonyms=air, broadcast...**
        *   Focus on broadcasting.
        *   Fit: Low.

4.  **Compare the Best Candidates:**
    *   Sense 1 is the clear winner. The definition "cause to go somewhere" perfectly captures the physics of the situation (fire causing smoke to go into the air). The example "The explosion sent the car flying in the air" is an exact structural parallel to "the fire sent an evil-looking cloud... into the air".

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "sent"
    *   Context: Fire -> sent -> smoke -> into the air.
    *   Sense 1: Cause to go somewhere.
    *   Does it fit? Yes.

6.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cloud
Target surface form: cloud
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking <t>cloud</t> of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cloud%1:19:01:: | definition=any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
2. sense_key=cloud%1:17:00:: | definition=a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude
3. sense_key=cloud%1:26:01:: | definition=out of touch with reality | examples=his head was in the clouds
4. sense_key=cloud%1:26:02:: | definition=a cause of worry or gloom or trouble | examples=the only cloud on the horizon was the possibility of dissent by the French
5. sense_key=cloud%1:26:00:: | definition=suspicion affecting your reputation | examples=after that mistake he was under a cloud
6. sense_key=cloud%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of many things in the air or on the ground | synonyms=swarm | examples=a swarm of insects obscured the light; clouds of blossoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air."
    *   Keywords: "auto paint shop fire", "black smoke", "particles", "visible".
    *   The "cloud" here refers to a mass of smoke resulting from a fire. It is visible and consists of particles (smoke).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `cloud%1:19:01::` - Definition: "any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible".
    *   Sense 2: `cloud%1:17:00::` - Definition: "a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude". (Meteorological cloud).
    *   Sense 3: `cloud%1:26:01::` - Definition: "out of touch with reality". (Figurative/Metaphorical).
    *   Sense 4: `cloud%1:26:02::` - Definition: "a cause of worry or gloom or trouble". (Figurative/Metaphorical).
    *   Sense 5: `cloud%1:26:00::` - Definition: "suspicion affecting your reputation". (Figurative/Metaphorical).
    *   Sense 6: `cloud%1:14:00::` - Definition: "a group of many things in the air or on the ground". (Synonyms: swarm). Usually refers to living things (insects) or distinct objects (blossoms).

3.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The context explicitly mentions "cloud of black smoke".
    *   Sense 1 explicitly lists "smoke" in its definition ("any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust)...").
    *   Sense 2 refers to meteorological clouds (water/ice). This is a smoke cloud from a fire, not a weather cloud.
    *   Sense 3, 4, 5 are metaphorical usages not fitting the physical description of smoke rising from a fire.
    *   Sense 6 refers to a group/swarm. While smoke particles are a group, Sense 1 is a more precise definition for a "cloud of smoke" or "cloud of dust". Sense 6 usually implies discrete entities like insects.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the exact definition for a cloud of smoke.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object like `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The sense is number 1.

    Let's double check the index numbering.
    1. `cloud%1:19:01::`
    2. `cloud%1:17:00::`
    3. `cloud%1:26:01::`
    4. `cloud%1:26:02::`
    5. `cloud%1:26:00::`
    6. `cloud%1:14:00::`

    The correct choice is sense 1.

    Final Output: `{"sense_index": 1}`

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: black
Target surface form: black
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of <t>black</t> smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=black%3:00:01:: | definition=being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light | examples=black leather jackets; as black as coal
2. sense_key=black%3:00:02:: | definition=of or belonging to a racial group having dark skin especially of sub-Saharan African origin; - Martin Luther King Jr. | examples=a great people--a black people--...injected new meaning and dignity into the veins of civilization
3. sense_key=black%5:00:00:angry:00 | definition=marked by anger or resentment or hostility | examples=black looks; black words
4. sense_key=black%5:00:00:hopeless:00 | definition=offering little or no hope; ; ; - J.M.Synge | synonyms=bleak, dim | examples=the future looked black; prospects were bleak
5. sense_key=black%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=stemming from evil characteristics or forces; wicked or dishonorable; ; ; ; ; ; ; -Thomas Hardy | synonyms=dark, sinister | examples=black deeds; a black lie
6. sense_key=black%5:00:00:unfortunate:00 | definition=(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin; ; ; ; - Charles Darwin; - Douglas MacArthur | synonyms=calamitous, disastrous, fatal, fateful | examples=the stock market crashed on Black Friday; a calamitous defeat
7. sense_key=black%5:00:00:colored:00 | definition=(of the face) made black especially as with suffused blood | synonyms=blackened | examples=a face black with fury
8. sense_key=black%5:00:00:dark:01 | definition=extremely dark | synonyms=pitch-black, pitch-dark | examples=a black moonless night; through the pitch-black woods
9. sense_key=black%5:00:00:sarcastic:00 | definition=harshly ironic or sinister | synonyms=grim, mordant | examples=black humor; a grim joke
10. sense_key=black%5:00:00:covert:00 | definition=(of intelligence operations) deliberately misleading | examples=black propaganda
11. sense_key=black%5:00:00:illegal:00 | definition=distributed or sold illicitly | synonyms=bootleg, black-market, contraband, smuggled | examples=the black economy pays no taxes
12. sense_key=black%5:00:00:dishonorable:00 | definition=(used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame; - Rachel Carson | synonyms=disgraceful, ignominious, inglorious, opprobrious, shameful | examples=Man...has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer on the oceanic islands; an ignominious retreat
13. sense_key=black%5:00:00:undiluted:00 | definition=(of coffee) without cream or sugar
14. sense_key=black%5:00:00:dirty:01 | definition=soiled with dirt or soot | synonyms=smutty | examples=with feet black from playing outdoors; his shirt was black within an hour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:**
    *   Lemma: `black`
    *   Surface form: `black` (adjective)
    *   Context: "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of <t>black</t> smoke into the air."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence describes a cloud of smoke produced by an "auto paint shop fire".
    *   The adjective "black" modifies "smoke".
    *   Smoke from fires, especially industrial ones like a paint shop, is typically visually black (soot, carbon particles).
    *   The phrase "evil-looking" modifies the cloud, but that describes the *appearance* or the *implication* of the cloud, while "black" describes the *color* of the smoke itself.
    *   The modifier "evil-looking" might tempt one to look at sense 5 ("stemming from evil...") or sense 3 ("marked by anger..."), but the target word is modifying "smoke". Smoke is physically colored. It isn't morally evil itself, though the cloud looks "evil". However, "black" here functions primarily as a color descriptor. The "evil-looking" part is a separate adjective phrase modifying "cloud", while "black" modifies "smoke".
    *   Is it sense 1 (color)? Yes, smoke has a physical color.
    *   Is it sense 14 (dirty/sooted)? No, smoke isn't "soiled"; it *is* the substance that soils things. Though it consists of soot. But sense 1 is the primary definition for the color of objects/substances.
    *   Is it sense 8 (extremely dark)? Dark is a subset of the color black. Sense 1 defines it as the achromatic color of maximum darkness. Sense 8 usually applies to environments (night, woods). Sense 1 applies to objects/substances (leather jackets, smoke).

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   **1. black%3:00:01::** | Definition: being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness... | Examples: black leather jackets; as black as coal.
        *   *Fit:* Smoke from a fire is physically black in color. This is the literal, primary meaning of the adjective. "Black smoke" is a standard collocation for high-carbon fires.
        *   *Verdict:* Strong candidate.

    *   **2. black%3:00:02::** | Definition: of or belonging to a racial group...
        *   *Fit:* No, not referring to people/race.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **3. black%5:00:00:angry:00** | Definition: marked by anger...
        *   *Fit:* No, the smoke isn't angry.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **4. black%5:00:00:hopeless:00** | Definition: offering little or no hope...
        *   *Fit:* No, not metaphorical in this sense.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **5. black%5:00:00:evil:00** | Definition: stemming from evil characteristics... | Examples: black deeds; a black lie.
        *   *Fit:* The context mentions an "evil-looking cloud". Does "black" here mean "evil"? Or does "black" mean "color black" and the cloud *looks* evil because it's black and looming?
        *   *Analysis:* "Black smoke" is a literal description of the soot-filled smoke. The word "evil-looking" is a separate modifier. If the text said "a black deed", it would be sense 5. Here, it describes physical smoke. The physical smoke is black (sense 1). The *appearance* is evil-looking, but "black" specifically refers to the color.
        *   *Verdict:* Unlikely. Sense 1 is the literal color.

    *   **6. black%5:00:00:unfortunate:00** | Definition: having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences...
        *   *Fit:* No.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **7. black%5:00:00:colored:00** | Definition: (of the face) made black...
        *   *Fit:* No.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **8. black%5:00:00:dark:01** | Definition: extremely dark | Examples: black moonless night...
        *   *Fit:* Usually used for the absence of light (night, darkness).
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **9. black%5:00:00:sarcastic:00** | Definition: harshly ironic...
        *   *Fit:* No.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **10. black%5:00:00:covert:00** | Definition: deliberately misleading...
        *   *Fit:* No.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **11. black%5:00:00:illegal:00** | Definition: distributed or sold illicitly...
        *   *Fit:* No.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **12. black%5:00:00:dishonorable:00** | Definition: deserving or bringing disgrace...
        *   *Fit:* No.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **13. black%5:00:00:undiluted:00** | Definition: (of coffee) without cream...
        *   *Fit:* No.
        *   *Verdict:* Eliminate.

    *   **14. black%5:00:00:dirty:01** | Definition: soiled with dirt or soot...
        *   *Fit:* Usually applies to objects that have become dirty (e.g., hands, shirt). Smoke itself is the substance. It is not "soiled" with soot; it *is* the soot particulate matter causing the blackness.
        *   *Verdict:* Sense 1 (color) is much more appropriate for the smoke itself than sense 14 (dirty).

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   The phrase is "cloud of black smoke".
    *   This refers to the color.
    *   Sense 1 defines the achromatic color of maximum darkness.
    *   Sense 1 examples include "black leather jackets" (objects having the color). Smoke is a substance/object having the color.
    *   The "evil-looking" descriptor is a distinct modifier describing the subjective impression of the cloud, but "black" is the objective visual color of the smoke.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: smoke
Target surface form: smoke
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black <t>smoke</t> into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=smoke%1:19:00:: | definition=a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas | synonyms=fume
2. sense_key=smoke%1:22:00:: | definition=a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion | synonyms=smoking | examples=the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles
3. sense_key=smoke%1:10:00:: | definition=an indication of some hidden activity | examples=with all that smoke there must be a fire somewhere
4. sense_key=smoke%1:07:00:: | definition=something with no concrete substance | examples=his dreams all turned to smoke; it was just smoke and mirrors
5. sense_key=smoke%1:06:00:: | definition=tobacco leaves that have been made into a cylinder | synonyms=roll of tobacco
6. sense_key=smoke%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for marijuana | synonyms=pot, grass, green goddess, dope, weed, gage
7. sense_key=smoke%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of smoking tobacco or other substances | synonyms=smoking | examples=he went outside for a smoke; smoking stinks
8. sense_key=smoke%1:04:02:: | definition=(baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity | synonyms=fastball, heater, hummer, bullet | examples=he swung late on the fastball; he showed batters nothing but smoke

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence is: "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black <t>smoke</t> into the air."
    *   Keywords: "auto paint shop fire", "cloud", "black", "into the air".
    *   The context clearly describes a physical fire producing a visible byproduct.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas". Synonyms: fume. This is a general scientific definition. It fits, but is it the most specific?
    *   Sense 2: "a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion". Synonyms: smoking. Examples: "the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles".
    *   Sense 3: "an indication of some hidden activity". Metaphorical. Does not fit "black smoke" from a fire.
    *   Sense 4: "something with no concrete substance". Metaphorical/idiomatic. Does not fit.
    *   Sense 5: "tobacco leaves that have been made into a cylinder". A cigarette/cigar. Not fitting.
    *   Sense 6: "street names for marijuana". Not fitting.
    *   Sense 7: "the act of smoking tobacco or other substances". Not fitting.
    *   Sense 8: "(baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity". Not fitting.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is very broad ("cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas").
    *   Sense 2 is specific to the context of fire/combustion ("hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion").
    *   The text explicitly mentions an "auto paint shop fire".
    *   The example for Sense 2 is remarkably similar to the context: "the fire produced a tower of black smoke". The context says "fire sent... black smoke".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the specific "fire smoke" sense, while Sense 1 is a generic particulate suspension sense. In WSD, the more specific sense that matches the context (fire) is preferred over the general definition if available and applicable.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The target "smoke" refers to the product of the fire.
    *   Sense 2 explicitly defines smoke produced by combustion.
    *   The example for Sense 2 aligns perfectly with the context ("fire produced... black smoke").

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: {"sense_index": X}.
    *   The chosen sense is the second one listed (index 2).

    Let's double check the indexing. The list is numbered 1 to 8.
    1. smoke%1:19:00::
    2. smoke%1:22:00:: -> This is the one.
    ...

    Result: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: air
Target surface form: air
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the <t>air</t>. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=air%1:27:00:: | definition=a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of | examples=air pollution; a smell of chemicals in the air
2. sense_key=air%1:15:00:: | definition=the region above the ground | examples=her hand stopped in mid air; he threw the ball into the air
3. sense_key=air%1:07:00:: | definition=a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing | synonyms=aura, atmosphere | examples=an air of mystery; the house had a neglected air
4. sense_key=air%1:19:00:: | definition=a slight wind (usually refreshing) | synonyms=breeze, zephyr, gentle wind | examples=the breeze was cooled by the lake; as he waited he could feel the air on his neck
5. sense_key=air%1:15:01:: | definition=the mass of air surrounding the Earth | synonyms=atmosphere | examples=there was great heat as the comet entered the atmosphere; it was exposed to the air
6. sense_key=air%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
7. sense_key=air%1:10:01:: | definition=a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence | synonyms=tune, melody, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase | examples=she was humming an air from Beethoven
8. sense_key=air%1:10:02:: | definition=medium for radio and television broadcasting | synonyms=airwave | examples=the program was on the air from 9 til midnight; the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people
9. sense_key=air%1:04:00:: | definition=travel via aircraft | synonyms=air travel, aviation | examples=air travel involves too much waiting in airports; if you've time to spare go by air

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The target lemma is "air" (noun). The context is "...an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air."

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   A fire in an auto paint shop.
    *   Black smoke rising.
    *   The smoke goes "into the air".
    *   The meaning here is the physical space above the ground or the mixture of gases that surrounds us, where the smoke disperses.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1 (air%1:27:00::)**: Definition: "a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of". Examples: "air pollution", "a smell of chemicals in the air".
        *   *Analysis*: Smoke enters the mixture of gases. This fits. Pollution goes into the air (the medium).

    *   **Sense 2 (air%1:15:00::)**: Definition: "the region above the ground". Examples: "her hand stopped in mid air", "he threw the ball into the air".
        *   *Analysis*: This refers to the space or spatial dimension above the ground. Smoke rising "into the air" often implies filling that space.

    *   **Sense 3 (air%1:07:00::)**: Definition: "a distinctive but intangible quality...". Synonyms: "aura".
        *   *Analysis*: This is abstract (e.g., "an air of mystery"). Not relevant here.

    *   **Sense 4 (air%1:19:00::)**: Definition: "a slight wind...". Synonyms: "breeze".
        *   *Analysis*: No mention of wind movement here; it's a destination for the smoke.

    *   **Sense 5 (air%1:15:01::)**: Definition: "the mass of air surrounding the Earth". Synonyms: "atmosphere".
        *   *Analysis*: Also fits, but usually refers to the planetary layer or the general environment.

    *   **Sense 6 (air%1:27:01::)**: Definition: "once thought to be one of four elements...".
        *   *Analysis*: Archaic/philosophical. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 7 (air%1:10:01::)**: Definition: "a succession of notes...". Synonyms: "tune".
        *   *Analysis*: Musical term. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 8 (air%1:10:02::)**: Definition: "medium for radio...". Synonyms: "airwave".
        *   *Analysis*: Broadcasting term. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 9 (air%1:04:00::)**: Definition: "travel via aircraft".
        *   *Analysis*: Travel mode. Not relevant.

4.  **Disambiguate between Sense 1, Sense 2, and Sense 5**:

    *   *Context*: "cloud of black smoke into the air".
    *   *Sense 1*: "mixture of gases". Smoke enters the gas mixture. Example given: "smell of chemicals in the air". This is very close. Smoke is a physical substance entering a medium (gas).
    *   *Sense 2*: "region above the ground". Example: "threw the ball into the air". This emphasizes spatial location.
    *   *Sense 5*: "mass of air surrounding the Earth" (Atmosphere). Example: "exposed to the air". This is usually broader.

    *   *Comparison*:
        *   When we say "smoke went into the air", we usually mean the medium/atmosphere where it disperses.
        *   Let's look at the examples provided in the candidates.
        *   Sense 1 example: "a smell of chemicals in the air". This is very similar to "smoke ... into the air". Both involve physical substances/particles dispersing in the gaseous medium.
        *   Sense 2 example: "hand stopped in mid air", "threw the ball into the air". These focus on trajectory and position in space, often implying emptiness or the lack of ground support.
        *   Sense 5 is "atmosphere".

    *   *Distinction*:
        *   If I throw a ball, it moves through the space (Sense 2).
        *   If I release smoke, it mixes with the gases (Sense 1).
        *   "Air pollution" (Sense 1 example) is the key here. Smoke is pollution/particulate matter. It mixes with the gases.
        *   However, "into the air" is a very common phrase.
        *   Let's check the hypernym hierarchy/definitions carefully.
        *   Sense 1: "mixture of gases". Smoke enters the *substance* of air.
        *   Sense 2: "region above the ground".
        *   In WordNet (and general usage), when pollutants/smoke go into the air, it refers to the medium (Sense 1). "Air pollution" is listed under Sense 1. The context is a fire sending smoke.
        *   Let's check Sense 1 vs Sense 5. Sense 5 is "atmosphere". Sense 1 is the specific mixture of gases. While they overlap, Sense 1 is the substance definition. Smoke mixing into air is smoke mixing into the substance.
        *   Let's check Sense 2 again. "Into the air" can mean "upwards into the space". But "cloud of smoke" implies a mixing/visible mass within the medium. The example for Sense 1 "smell of chemicals in the air" is semantically parallel to "smoke in the air".
        *   The example for Sense 2 "threw the ball into the air" refers to the trajectory/path, not the mixing with gas.

    *   *Conclusion*: Sense 1 ("mixture of gases") fits best because the context involves physical particulate matter (smoke) entering and dispersing within the gaseous medium, paralleling the example "smell of chemicals in the air".

5.  **Final Verification**:
    *   Target: "into the air".
    *   Sense 1: Mixture of gases. Examples: "air pollution". Smoke is pollution/particulates entering the gas. Matches well.
    *   Sense 2: Region above ground. Usually for objects moving spatially (ball, hand).
    *   Sense 5: Atmosphere. Broader. Usually "in the atmosphere".
    *   Selection: Sense 1.

    Wait, let me double check Sense 1 vs Sense 2 definitions in standard dictionaries vs WordNet nuances.
    WN Sense 1: "a mixture of gases...".
    WN Sense 2: "the region above the ground".
    "Smoke into the air". Does the smoke go into the *mixture of gases* or the *region above the ground*?
    It goes into the mixture of gases. If it were just the region, we might say "into the sky" or "upwards". The use of "air" specifically invokes the medium that carries the smoke/smell.
    Example match: "a smell of chemicals in the air" (Sense 1) vs "hand stopped in mid air" (Sense 2). The smoke context is closer to the chemicals context (substance in medium) than the spatial/trajectory context.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correctchoice.