[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using <t>new</t> "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "new" in this passage.

The sentence in question is: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."

Here, "new" is modifying "genetic probes". Let me consider each sense option:

1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
This could apply - these genetic probes have been recently developed/discovered in the field of genetics.

2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel
This could also apply - these genetic probes are a novel technology that hadn't been seen before.

3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience
This doesn't apply - we're not talking about inexperienced genetic probes.

4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel
This is similar to #2 but more extreme - "unprecedented". While these are new genetic probes, they may not be entirely without precedent in the field of genetics.

5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different
This doesn't seem to fit - we're not contrasting these genetic probes with previous probes.

6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure
This doesn't fit - we're not talking about unused genetic probes.

7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled
This has a connotation of being "newfangled" which might suggest something trendy or unnecessarily new. That doesn't seem to be the connotation here.

8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times
This doesn't apply at all.

9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development
This doesn't apply at all.

10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development
This doesn't apply at all.

11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar
This doesn't seem to be the primary meaning here - the context suggests these probes are newly developed, not just unfamiliar.

Looking at the context more carefully, the passage is about a breakthrough in genetic testing. The "new genetic probes" represent recent technological advancement in the field - they've been recently developed or discovered. This seems to align best with sense #1 ("not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered").

Sense #2 is also possible ("original and of a kind not seen before"), but the emphasis seems to be more on the recency of the technology rather than its unprecedented nature. The passage focuses on how this recent development allows for new diagnostic capabilities.

Therefore, sense #1 seems to be the best fit for this context. The "new genetic probes" are recently developed technologies in genetic testing, which aligns with the definition "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered."

Actually, let me look more carefully. The passage is discussing genetic tests that can "spot such cancer-susceptible individuals" and refers to "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." The Quinlans are "among the first beneficiaries of the new findings." And then it mentions "A test using new 'genetic probes'..."

This does seem to be emphasizing the novelty and innovation of these genetic probes, not just that they are recent. They represent a kind of technology that didn't exist before - they are "original and of a kind not seen before" (sense #2). These aren't just recent developments; they represent a fundamentally new approach.

Let me reconsider sense #2 vs sense #1 again:

Sense #1 emphasizes temporal recency - "not of long duration"
Sense #2 emphasizes novelty and originality - "original and of a kind not seen before"

The context suggests that these genetic probes represent a significant advancement, not just something that was recently developed. The fact that they enable a "new age of predictive cancer diagnosis" suggests they are truly innovative, not just temporally recent.

However, sense #1 also includes "recently... come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" which could encompass technological innovation.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense #1: "a new law; new cars" - these examples emphasize recency
- Sense #2: "the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem" - this example emphasizes innovation/novelty

The "genetic probes" in this context seem to fit better with sense #2 - they represent a novel approach, not just a recent one. The passage is highlighting the innovative nature of this technology.

Actually, looking back at the WordNet sense hierarchy, sense #1 (new%3:00:00::) is from the "adjective" lexical domain while sense #2 (new%5:00:00:original:00) is from the "adj.all" lexical domain, suggesting sense #2 is more specialized.

I think sense #2 is the better fit because:
1. The context emphasizes the novelty and innovation of these genetic probes
2. They represent a kind of technology not seen before (aligning with the definition)
3. The passage talks about a "new age" of diagnosis, suggesting something unprecedented

The most appropriate sense for "new" in this context is sense #2.

Wait, I should look at the sense key structure more carefully. The structure appears to be:
lemma%synset_type:lex_id:lex_filenum:sense_num

For sense #1: new%3:00:00::
- synset_type=3 (adjective)
- lex_id=00
- lex_filenum=00
- sense_num is blank (indicated by ::)

For sense #2: new%5:00:00:original:00
- synset_type=5 (adjective satellite)
- lex_id=00
- lex_filenum=00
- head_word=original
- sense_num=00

This is a more complex sense structure than I initially thought, and I don't have a complete understanding of all the fields. Let me focus on the definitions and examples rather than the sense key structure.

Actually, let me look at this a different way. The passage mentions:
"Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

And then: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."

The key question is whether "new" is emphasizing:
1. The recent development of these genetic probes (sense #1)
2. The novel, unprecedented nature of these genetic probes (sense #2)

The context suggests these genetic probes represent a technological breakthrough that enables new kinds of predictive diagnosis. This aligns more with sense #2 - they are "original and of a kind not seen before" rather than just "not of long duration."

Furthermore, the synonym for sense #2 is "fresh, novel" which captures the innovative nature of these genetic probes. The example "the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem" similarly emphasizes innovation rather than just recency.

So I believe sense #2 is the most appropriate choice here.

Actually, I think I need to be more careful about what senses are actually in play. Let me carefully review the senses again.

The senses are:
1. not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
2. original and of a kind not seen before
3. lacking training or experience
4. having no previous example or precedent or parallel
5. other than the former one(s); different
6. unaffected by use or exposure
7. (of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new
8. in use after medieval times
9. used of a living language; being the current stage in its development
10. (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development
11. unfamiliar

Let me focus on senses 1, 2, and 4, which seem most relevant:

Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" - This emphasizes temporal recency.

Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" - This emphasizes novelty and innovation.

Sense 4: "having no previous example or precedent or parallel" - This is similar to sense 2 but more extreme - it's about being unprecedented.

The genetic probes are described as enabling "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis" and the Quinlans are "among the first beneficiaries of the new findings." This suggests these probes represent a significant advancement in the field.

Are they just recent (sense 1)? Or are they a novel kind of technology not seen before (sense 2)? Or are they completely unprecedented (sense 4)?

I think sense 2 is the best fit. The genetic probes are a novel kind of technology - "original and of a kind not seen before" - that enables new diagnostic capabilities. They're not just recent developments; they represent a fundamentally new approach. And while they're innovative, I'm not sure they're completely unprecedented (sense 4) in the sense of having "no previous example or precedent or parallel" - there were previous genetic testing methods, just not these specific probes.

Sense 2 also has the synonym "novel" which captures this innovative quality well.

So I believe sense #2 is the most appropriate choice for this context.

Wait, I should look more carefully at sense 1, which includes "recently... acquired or discovered" in its definition. The passage does talk about "the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene" making this test possible, suggesting a recent discovery. So the genetic probes could be considered "recently discovered" or "recently developed" which would align with sense 1.

However, I still think sense 2 is a better fit because:
1. The passage emphasizes the innovative nature of these probes
2. It mentions "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis" suggesting a qualitative change, not just a temporal one
3. The synonym "novel" for sense 2 captures this innovative quality

Let me try one more approach. If I were to rewrite the sentence with synonyms for each sense, which would sound most natural?

Sense 1: "A test using recently developed genetic probes..."
Sense 2: "A test using novel genetic probes..."
Sense 4: "A test using unprecedented genetic probes..."

I think "novel genetic probes" (sense 2) sounds most natural and captures the meaning best in this context. These are innovative, newly developed technologies that represent a new approach in genetic testing.

Therefore, I believe sense #2 is the most appropriate choice.

Upon further reflection, I think there's a good case for both sense 1 and sense 2, but sense 2 seems to better capture the innovative, groundbreaking nature of these genetic probes in the context. They're not just recent developments; they represent a fundamentally new approach that enables "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Actually, let me take one more close look at sense 1 and sense 2:

Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
This emphasizes that the genetic probes have recently come into being or been developed.

Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before"
This emphasizes that these genetic probes represent an original, novel type of technology.

The passage mentions "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." The word "emerging" suggests these are recently developed tests, which would align with sense 1. And the phrase "new age of predictive cancer diagnosis" could be interpreted as either a recent age (sense 1) or an unprecedented age (sense 2).

However, the specific phrase "new 'genetic probes'" in the context of groundbreaking genetic testing seems to emphasize their novelty and innovative nature rather than just their recency. They're not just recently developed probes; they're a novel type of probe that enables new kinds of genetic testing.

So I still believe sense #2 is the most appropriate choice.

Actually, one more consideration. The definition of sense 1 includes "acquired or discovered" which is relevant to the scientific context. The genetic probes were likely recently discovered or developed in a lab. But sense 2's definition of "original and of a kind not seen before" also fits well - these are novel genetic probes not seen before in genetic testing.

Given the emphasis on the innovative, groundbreaking nature of these probes in enabling "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis," I believe sense #2 remains the most appropriate choice.

Ok, I've thought about this carefully. Let me make my final determination.

In the phrase "A test using new 'genetic probes'", the word "new" is modifying "genetic probes". The context suggests these probes represent a significant technological advancement in genetic testing - they enable "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Sense 1 defines "new" as "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered." This would emphasize that these genetic probes have recently been developed.

Sense 2 defines "new" as "original and of a kind not seen before." This would emphasize that these genetic probes represent a novel type of technology.

Both senses could potentially fit, but I believe sense 2 is more appropriate because:
1. The passage emphasizes the innovative, groundbreaking nature of these probes
2. They're described as enabling "a new age" of diagnosis, suggesting a qualitative change
3. The synonym "novel" for sense 2 captures this innovative quality

Therefore, my final answer is sense #2.

Actually, one final check. The sense indices don't match up with the order of the senses. Let me make sure I understand which sense is being referenced by which index:

1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration...
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before...
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience...
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel...
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different...
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure...
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new...
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times...
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development...
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development...
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar...

So sense index 2 corresponds to the definition "original and of a kind not seen before" which I believe is the most appropriate choice for this context.

Therefore, my final answer is {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "<t>genetic</t> probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "genetic" (adjective) in the phrase "genetic probes" within the provided context.
    Context Sentence: "A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses retinoblastoma, a gene (tumor-suppressor gene), inheritance, and diagnosis.
    *   The specific phrase is "genetic probes".
    *   What are "genetic probes"? In molecular biology, a genetic probe (or gene probe) is a specific sequence of DNA or RNA used to detect the presence of complementary sequences (genes).
    *   The adjective "genetic" here describes the nature of the probes—probes dealing with genes.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00`
        *   Definition: "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity"
        *   Synonyms: familial, hereditary, inherited...
        *   Examples: "an inherited disease", "familial traits"
        *   Fit: Does "genetic probes" mean "probes that are hereditary"? No. Probes are laboratory tools, not traits passed down in families. This sense refers to diseases or traits being passed down.

    *   **Sense 2:** `genetic%3:01:02::`
        *   Definition: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene"
        *   Synonyms: genic, genetical
        *   Examples: "genic combinations", "genetic code"
        *   Fit: Does "genetic probes" mean "probes relating to genes"? Yes. A genetic probe is a probe that targets a gene. It relates directly to the gene itself.

    *   **Sense 3:** `genetic%3:01:01::`
        *   Definition: "pertaining to or referring to origin"
        *   Examples: "genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work"
        *   Fit: This is a more archaic or specific academic use (often linguistic or textual history), unrelated to molecular biology and DNA probes.

    *   **Sense 4:** `genetic%3:01:00::`
        *   Definition: "of or relating to the science of genetics"
        *   Synonyms: genetical
        *   Examples: "genetic research"
        *   Fit: Does "genetic probes" mean "probes relating to the science of genetics"? This is a close call. Often "genetic research" fits here. However, "genetic probes" usually refers specifically to the biological entity (the gene sequence itself used as a probe) rather than the abstract science. Sense 2 ("of or relating to... a gene") is more precise for a specific tool/technique named after the biological object (the gene). Is a "genetic probe" a "probe of genetics" (the field) or a "probe of genes" (the object)? It detects genes. Sense 2 ("of or relating to... a gene") fits "genetic probe" (a probe related to genes) better than Sense 4 (a probe related to the science). "Genetic code" is an example for Sense 2. "Genetic probes" is a physical tool/construct related to genes.

    *   **Differentiation between Sense 2 and Sense 4:**
        *   Sense 4 is broader: relating to the *science* of genetics. Example: "genetic research", "genetic counselor".
        *   Sense 2 is narrower: relating to the *gene* itself. Example: "genetic code", "genic combinations".
        *   "Genetic probes" are actual DNA strands (genes or parts thereof). They are probes consisting of or relating to genes. While they are used in the science of genetics, the term specifically identifies the target or composition of the probe (the gene). Therefore, Sense 2 ("of or relating to... a gene") is the most accurate definition for the modifier in this specific compound noun. A "genetic probe" is a "genic probe" (Sense 2 synonym).

4.  **Select Best Sense:**
    Sense 1 is about heredity (wrong for a tool).
    Sense 3 is about origin (wrong context).
    Sense 4 is about the science (close, but usually used for "genetic scientist", "genetic study").
    Sense 2 is about the gene itself. A genetic probe is a probe for a gene. This matches the definition "of or relating to... a gene".

    Let's re-verify with WordNet organization.
    Adjective Satellite vs Adjective.
    Sense 1 is an Adjective Satellite (derived from "inheritable").
    Sense 2, 3, 4 are Adjectives (pertaining to root "gene" or "genetics").

    In standard WordNet (3.0 or 3.1):
    `genetic` (adj) has senses:
    1. familial, genetic, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible (occurring among members of a family usually by heredity). -> Matches Sense 1 in prompt.
    2. genetic, genic (of or relating to or produced by or being a gene). -> Matches Sense 2 in prompt.
    3. genetic (pertaining to or referring to origin). -> Matches Sense 3 in prompt.
    4. genetic, genetical (of or relating to the science of genetics). -> Matches Sense 4 in prompt.

    "Genetic probes" -> Probes made of DNA/RNA to bind to genes.
    Is it "probes related to the science"? Or "probes related to genes"?
    Usually, scientific instruments named "genetic [X]" imply "related to genes" (Sense 2).
    Example: "Genetic code" -> Code of the gene (Sense 2).
    Example: "Genetic marker" -> Marker on a gene (Sense 2).
    Example: "Genetic algorithm" -> Algorithm based on genetics (Sense 4).
    Example: "Genetic engineering" -> Engineering related to genetics (Sense 4).

    Let's look at "Genetic probe". It is a technique/tool. But the core meaning is that it interacts with genes.
    Sense 2 definition: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".
    Does a genetic probe relate to a gene? Yes.
    Does it relate to the science of genetics? Yes, but the semantic link is tighter to the object (gene).
    Often, Sense 2 and Sense 4 are confused because "genetics" comes from "gene".
    However, WordNet distinguishes "genetic code" (Sense 2) from "genetic research" (Sense 4).
    "Genetic probe" is much closer to "genetic marker" or "genetic code" (Sense 2) than to "genetic research" (Sense 4). It is a tool specifically defined by its relationship to the gene structure.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

5.  **Final Check:**
    Context: "genetic probes".
    Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".
    A genetic probe is a tool relating to a gene.
    Result: Sense 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Together

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "<t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Surface form: `showed`
    *   Context sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Meaning in context: The test produced a result or revealed information. The subject is "A test" (an inanimate procedure/object). The object is a that-clause ("that little Will Quinlan had not inherited...").

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `give an exhibition of to an interested audience`. (Subject is usually a person presenting something). *Mismatch.* The subject here is a "test".
    *   **Sense 2:** `establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment`. (Synonyms: prove, demonstrate). This is close. The test results *proved* or *demonstrated* the genetic status. However, looking at the examples ("The experiment demonstrated...", "The mathematician showed..."), this sense focuses on proving a theory or validity. While the test result is a form of proof, the specific nuance here is about providing evidence/results.
    *   **Sense 3:** `provide evidence for`. (Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). Examples: "The blood test showed that he was the father". This is a very strong match. The context involves a medical test (genetic probes) revealing a genetic fact (lack of a damaged gene). The example "The blood test showed that he was the father" is structurally and semantically almost identical to "A test... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited...". This sense captures the idea of a test or piece of evidence revealing the truth of a proposition.
    *   **Sense 4:** `make visible or noticeable`. Examples: "She showed her talent...". Usually involves physical display or metaphorical display of attributes. *Less precise than Sense 3.*
    *   **Sense 5:** `show in, or as in, a picture`. (depict). *Mismatch.*
    *   **Sense 6:** `give expression to`. (evince). *Mismatch.*
    *   **Sense 7:** `indicate a place, direction...`. *Mismatch.*
    *   **Sense 8:** `be or become visible`. (intransitive). The target is transitive here ("showed that..."). *Mismatch.*
    *   **Sense 9:** `indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments`. (Synonyms: read, register). Examples: "The thermometer showed thirteen degrees...". This is also very close. A test "shows" a result. However, Sense 3 ("provide evidence for") with the specific example "The blood test showed that he was the father" captures the diagnostic nature of the context better than Sense 9, which typically refers to raw data readings (like temperature or gas gauge). The context here is about the *conclusion* or *evidence* provided by the test regarding a genetic condition, not just a numerical reading.
    *   **Sense 10:** `give evidence of, as of records`. Example: "The diary shows his distress". This is also relevant (documents providing evidence). However, a "test" functioning to provide a result is distinct from a record/document providing evidence. Sense 3 is specifically "provide evidence for" with "blood test" as an example. Sense 3 is the strongest fit.
    *   **Sense 11:** `usher`. *Mismatch.*
    *   **Sense 12:** `finish third...` *Mismatch.*

3.  **Refine the choice:**
    The contest is primarily between Sense 3 and Sense 9 (and arguably Sense 2).

    *   **Sense 9** ("indicate a certain reading") usually implies instruments displaying a value (gauges, thermometers). "The thermometer showed thirteen degrees." The genetic test result is a finding/conclusion, not a simple gauge reading.
    *   **Sense 3** ("provide evidence for") has the example: "The blood test showed that he was the father". Our context: "A test... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited...".
    This is a perfect structural and semantic match. A medical test providing evidence of a biological fact.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the best choice.

    Let's double check Sense 2. "Establish the validity of something". While the test *confirmed* the baby was safe, the core meaning in medical testing contexts is "providing evidence/revealing the result". Sense 3's definition "provide evidence for" and example "The blood test showed..." align perfectly.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 3.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is describing a baby named Will Quinlan. The sentence says "little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene."

Here, "little" is being used to describe Will Quinlan, who is referred to as a baby (Bonnie became pregnant in 1987, and the test was done in January, so Will would be a young child/baby at this point).

Let me analyze the senses:

1. "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" - This is about size/quantity of things, not people.

2. "(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree" - This is about quantity, not applicable here.

3. "(of children and animals) young, immature" - This fits! Will is a young child/baby, and the term "little" is being used affectionately to indicate his youth/immaturity.

4. "(informal) small and of little importance" - This doesn't fit; Will isn't being described as unimportant.

5. "(of a voice) faint" - Not about a voice.

6. "low in stature; not tall" - This could potentially apply, but the focus here seems more on Will being young/a baby rather than his height.

7. "lowercase" - Not applicable.

8. "small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context)" - This could also fit since "little Will Quinlan" has an affectionate tone.

Between senses 3 and 8, sense 3 seems more precise. Sense 3 specifically mentions "of children and animals) young, immature" with examples like "small children" which directly applies to Will Quinlan, a young child. Sense 8 is more about an emotional reaction to smallness, which could apply but is less precise.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 8, it says "small in a way that arouses feelings" with examples like "a nice little job" - this is about an endearment term. "Little Will Quinlan" does have an affectionate/endearing tone.

But sense 3 is specifically about children being young/immature, which directly fits "little Will Quinlan" where Will is a young child.

I think sense 3 is the best fit because:
- It explicitly mentions "of children"
- Will is a young child/baby
- The term "little" is used to indicate his youth/young age
- The example "small children" parallels this usage

Sense 8 could also work since "little Will" has an endearing tone, but sense 3 is more specifically about children, which is what we have here.

I'll go with sense3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Task: Fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD).
    *   Target Lemma: inherit.
    *   Target Surface Form: inherited.
    *   Context: A text about genetic testing for retinoblastoma (eye cancer). The specific sentence is: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  obtain from someone after their death.
        2.  receive from a predecessor (non-biological/abstract succession).
        3.  receive by genetic transmission.
    *   Output Constraint: JSON format `{"sense_index": X}`. No hedging. No sense keys in the final output string (just the index).

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses "Emerging genetic tests", "cancer-susceptible individuals", "damaged gene", and "retinoblastoma".
    *   The target sentence talks about Will Quinlan (a baby) and whether he received a specific "damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene" from his parents (specifically his father, who carried the gene).
    *   This is a classic biological inheritance scenario (parent to offspring).

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "obtain from someone after their death".
        *   Example: "I inherited a castle..."
        *   Mismatch: Will Quinlan did not get the gene after his parents died. He got it (or didn't get it) at conception/birth. His parents are alive.
    *   *Sense 2:* "receive from a predecessor".
        *   Example: "The new chairman inherited many problems..."
        *   Mismatch: This usually refers to office, position, or abstract burdens/situations passed down through succession, not biological genes.
    *   *Sense 3:* "receive by genetic transmission".
        *   Example: "I inherited my good eyesight..."
        *   Match: The context is explicitly about genes ("damaged gene"), DNA, and biological traits passed from parent to child.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context is entirely about genetic inheritance.
    *   Sense 3 is the perfect match.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`.
    *   The corresponding index for "receive by genetic transmission" is 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a <t>damaged</t> retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The target lemma is "damaged". The specific instance is "inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene".
    *   The text discusses genetics, cancer, and specifically the "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene".
    *   The text mentions Mr. Quinlan carried a damaged gene.
    *   The context explains that this gene causes a rare tumor (cancer).
    *   The core meaning here relates to physical harm, impairment of function, or structural defect in the DNA of the gene. The gene is not working correctly; it is "broken" in a biological sense.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   **Definition:** harmed or injured or spoiled
        *   **Examples:** "I won't buy damaged goods", "the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings"
        *   **Analysis:** This sense deals with physical damage, harm, or injury. While the examples are physical objects (goods, buildings), the biological context of a gene is analogous. A "damaged gene" is one that has been harmed or injured structurally so that it doesn't function. This fits the scientific context of genetic mutations or defects.

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   **Definition:** being unjustly brought into disrepute
        *   **Synonyms:** discredited
        *   **Examples:** "a discredited politician", "her damaged reputation"
        *   **Analysis:** This sense deals with abstract concepts like reputation or social standing. Genes do not have reputations that can be slandered or discredited. This sense is clearly metaphorical and applies to social/cognitive domains, not biological ones.

3.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   The target context is "damaged ... gene".
    *   Sense 2 is about reputation/disrepute (abstract).
    *   Sense 1 is about harm/injury (physical/structural).
    *   A gene is a physical molecule (DNA). A "damaged gene" refers to physical harm or structural impairment (mutation) that prevents it from suppressing tumors.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output:** The user requested a JSON object with the key "sense_index". Since Sense 1 is the first option, the index is 1.

    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `face`
    *   Target surface form: `faced`
    *   Context snippet: "...what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, **faced** no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
    *   Syntactic structure: [Subject: little Will Quinlan] [Verb: faced] [Object: no more risk...]. This is a transitive verb usage where the subject is experiencing a potential situation (risk/threat).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `face%2:32:00::` | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems...
        *   *Analysis:* This implies an active handling of a problem. While "risk" is unpleasant, the sentence says he "faced no more risk". It's not about him dealing with a problem head-on; it's about the existence of a risk confronting him or being his lot. However, "facing a risk/threat" often falls under this sense or sense 6. Let's look at the others. The example "He faced the terrible consequences" is similar in structure, but "faced no more risk" suggests the *presence* of the risk relative to the subject, rather than the action of confronting it. Or does it? If you "face a risk," you are in a position where the risk is before you.

    *   **Sense 2:** `face%2:33:00::` | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent...
        *   *Analysis:* This is about antagonism or competition (boxing ring). The baby is not opposing the risk in a competition. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `face%2:42:00::` | definition=be oriented in a certain direction... | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north...
        *   *Analysis:* This is spatial orientation. The baby is not turning to look at the risk physically. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `face%2:42:02::` | definition=be opposite | examples=the two sofas face each other
        *   *Analysis:* Spatial opposition. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** `face%2:38:00::` | definition=turn so as to face... | examples=Turn and face your partner now
        *   *Analysis:* Physical turning action. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 6:** `face%2:32:03::` | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence...
        *   *Analysis:* This sense often involves a passive construction ("was faced with") or an active agent presenting something ("We confronted him"). Here, the subject "Will Quinlan" faces "no more risk". The example "He was faced with all the evidence" is slightly different syntax (passive). However, the core meaning is "to have something presented to one" or "to be confronted by something unavoidable".
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 1 vs Sense 6.
        *   Sense 1 is "deal with... head on". If I say "I faced the problem," I handled it. If I say "I faced the risk," it usually means I was exposed to the danger. I didn't necessarily *handle* it yet.
        *   Sense 6 is "present somebody with something" (active) or the resulting state "be faced with". The gloss says "present somebody with something". The example says "He was faced with...".
        *   Let's look at the specific phrase "face a risk". Does it mean "confront/deal with" or "be presented with/exposed to"?
        *   If Will "faced no more risk," he was not exposed to the risk. He did not have the risk before him.
        *   Let's look at the previous sentence: "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." Here, the threat was *potential*. It was a future possibility. The baby didn't actively deal with the threat yet; the threat was just a potential situation imposed on the baby.
        *   Compare to Sense 1 examples: "You must confront your problems" (action taken). "He faced the terrible consequences" (he experienced/dealt with them).
        *   Compare to Sense 6 examples: "We confronted him with the evidence" (active presentation). "He was faced with all the evidence" (state of being presented with).
        *   Is there a sense missing? Or is Sense 6 the closest for "being in a position where one encounters a problem/threat"?
        *   Many dictionaries distinguish between "confront/deal with" (Sense 1) and "be confronted by/have to deal with" (often similar to Sense 6 but applied to the active voice).
        *   Let's look closer at Sense 1. "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". If you face a risk, you acknowledge it and stand up to it. If you "face no more risk", you are not standing up to a risk; you are simply not subject to it.
        *   However, WordNet senses are coarse sometimes. Let's check the "confront" overlap.
        *   Often, "face a challenge/risk" is grouped with "confront" (Sense 1). But "confront" implies active engagement. "To be exposed to a risk" is slightly different.
        *   Let's look at Sense 6 again: "present somebody with something". This seems to focus on the *agent* doing the presenting. But the example "He was faced with..." implies a state. What about active voice "He faced the evidence"? That would mean the evidence was before him.
        *   In the context: "Will Quinlan... faced no more risk". This means he was not *subject* to the risk. He did not have to confront it.
        *   Let's look at the "existential" usage of face. "The problem facing us is..." This usually maps to Sense 1 or Sense 6 in different mappings.
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. The synonyms are "confront, face up". The gloss is "deal with ... head on".
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 6. Synonyms "confront, present". Gloss "present somebody with something". The example "He was faced with all the evidence" suggests a passive reception of a situation.
        *   Does "Will faced no more risk" mean Will *dealt with* no more risk? Or Will *was presented with* no more risk?
        *   It means he was not in danger. He was not confronted by the risk.
        *   If we strictly follow WordNet glosses:
            *   Sense 1: "deal with". Dealing with "no risk" doesn't make semantic sense. You don't deal with "no risk". You are simply not in that situation.
            *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something". The baby was presented with no risk? The passive construction in the example ("He was faced with...") is the key. The active form "The baby faced a threat" -> The threat presented itself to the baby. This aligns with the causative/presentative sense. Even though the surface form is active ("The baby faced"), the semantic role is often reversed (The threat faces the person = The person faces the threat).
            *   However, in "The baby faced no more risk", the subject is the Experiencer.
            *   Let's look at the definition of "face" in standard dictionaries. "to have to deal with (a difficult or unpleasant situation or person)". This maps to Sense 1.
            *   Example: "He faces a long prison sentence." (He is confronted with it / has to deal with it).
            *   Example: "We face many challenges." (We have to deal with them).
            *   Does this fit "deal with"? In the future "He faces a long prison sentence", he hasn't dealt with it yet, but it is a situation he must handle. "Will faced no more risk" -> Will did not have to deal with the risk.
            *   Sense 1 ("deal with") covers the state of being in a position where one must deal with something.
            *   Sense 6 ("present somebody with something") focuses on the source presenting the issue. The example "He was faced with..." is a passive version of Sense 1's active meaning in many contexts, but WordNet distinguishes them.
            *   Let's differentiate based on the examples.
            *   Sense 1 examples: "You must confront your problems" (Active agent). "He faced the terrible consequences" (Active agent dealing with the outcome).
            *   Sense 6 examples: "We confronted him with the evidence" (Active agent presenting). "He was faced with all the evidence" (Passive recipient).
            *   Context: "Will Quinlan... faced no more risk". This is active voice. Will is the subject. He is the recipient of the situation.
            *   Is it Sense 1? "He dealt with no more risk"? That sounds slightly off because there was no risk to deal with.
            *   Is it Sense 6? "He was presented with no more risk"? This fits better conceptually (the risk wasn't there to confront him), but the syntax is active ("He faced").
            *   WordNet often conflates "be confronted with" and "confront" under the same head, but differentiates the "present someone with something" ( Sense 6) from "deal with something" (Sense 1).
            *   Let's look at the synonym "confront".
            *   Sense 1: "confront, face up".
            *   Sense 6: "confront, present".
            *   In "He faced the risk", "confront" works as a synonym. "He confronted the risk."
            *   In "He was faced with the evidence", "confronted" works.
            *   In "We faced him with the evidence", "confronted" works.
            *   Which sense covers "He faced the risk"?
            *   Usually, "face a danger/risk" is considered Sense 1 in many WSD datasets (like SemCor). It implies standing up to or being in the presence of something difficult.
            *   However, Sense 6 ("present somebody with something") seems to be the causative "face with".
            *   Let's check the "faced with" vs "faced" distinction.
            *   Sentence: "Will Quinlan faced no more risk."
            *   Can we substitute "dealt with"? "Will Quinlan dealt with no more risk." -> No, implies action.
            *   Can we substitute "was presented with"? "Will Quinlan was presented with no more risk." -> This captures the meaning (he wasn't subject to it), but the syntax is active in the text.
            *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. Definition: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on".
            *   There is an aspect of Sense 1 that covers "be confronted by" -> "He faced death". He stood before death. He confronted it.
            *   The phrase "face a risk" is standard. It implies potentiality. "What threat the baby faced." The threat is the object.
            *   If I say "He faces a difficult choice," is he dealing with it head-on? He is having to make it.
            *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1 mappings, "face" with "danger/risk/problem" usually maps to `face%2:32:00::` (Sense 1).
            *   Why? Because "face" in "face a problem" implies you are addressing or meeting the problem. Even if the "risk" didn't happen (faced *no* risk), the predicate is the negation of the state of facing the risk. The state of facing the risk is Sense 1.
            *   Let's check Sense 6 again. Sense 6 is specifically "present somebody with something". The example "We confronted him with the evidence" is active with two objects (or object + prep). The example "He was faced with..." is passive.
            *   The text is "Will faced [object]". There is no "with". It is transitive.
            *   "He faced the terrible consequences" (Sense 1 example). This is structurally identical to "He faced no more risk". "Consequences" and "Risk" are both unpleasant potentialities/realities.
            *   "He faced the terrible consequences" implies he encountered them.
            *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct structural and semantic match for "face + [unpleasant noun phrase]".
            *   Sense 6 requires "face ... with ...".

    *   **Conclusion on Sense Selection:**
        *   The context uses "faced" with a direct object ("no more risk").
        *   Sense 1 examples include "He faced the terrible consequences".
        *   Sense 6 examples include "He was faced with...". The active "We confronted him with..." involves a human object and a prepositional object. The text has "risk" as the direct object.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended sense (Confronting/Dealing with/Encountering an unpleasant thing).

3.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "faced"
    *   Context: "...threat the Quinlan baby faced." / "...faced no more risk..."
    *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on".
    *   Does "threat/risk" count as unpleasant? Yes.
    *   Does "faced" here mean dealing with/encountering? Yes. Even in the negative ("faced no more risk"), the meaning is the negation of the encounter.
    *   Example match: "He faced the terrible consequences" matches "Will faced no more risk" (structurally and semantically).
    *   Sense 6 mismatch: Sense 6 is "confront someone *with* something" or the passive "be faced with". The text is transitive active "He faced X".

    *   Result: Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me double check if Sense 6 allows "face X" transitively.
    *   Gloss: "present somebody with something".
    *   Example 1: "We confronted him with the evidence". (Subject present Object1 with Object2).
    *   Example 2: "He was faced with all the evidence". (Object1 was presented with Object2).
    *   Text: "Will faced [no more risk]." Subject faced Object.
    *   If Sense 6 were applicable, it would be "The risk faced Will" (The risk presented itself to Will) or "Will was faced with the risk".
    *   The text has "Will faced the risk". This structure aligns with Sense 1.

    *   Let's check Sense 3/4/5 again just in case.
    *   Spatial orientation? "Will faced north"? No.
    *   "The house faces the pond"? No.
    *   It's definitely metaphorical/psychological confrontation or encountering.
    *   Is it Sense 1? Yes.

    *   Let's check Sense 9 ("cover the front or surface of"). "Faced with beautiful stones". No.

    *   Decision: Sense 1.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support
2. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `more`
    *   Context: A paragraph discussing genetic testing for retinoblastoma. The specific sentence is: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%3:00:01::`: Comparative of 'much', used with mass nouns (greater in size/amount/extent/degree). Example: "more land".
        2.  `more%3:00:02::`: Comparative of 'many', used with count nouns (greater in number). Example: "more seats".
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense (1 or 2).
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The phrase is "faced no more risk".
    *   The noun being modified is "risk".
    *   Is "risk" a mass noun or a count noun?
        *   "Risk" can be countable (a risk, risks) or uncountable/mass (great risk, much risk, high risk).
        *   In this specific context ("faced no more risk"), it is treated as a degree or amount of danger, rather than a countable event (like "took more risks"). The phrase "no more risk" implies an amount or degree of risk, not a number of distinct risk events.
        *   It compares the *level* or *degree* of risk (extent/degree).
        *   The comparison is about the intensity/amount of risk (Mass noun usage).

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "comparative of `much` used with mass nouns... greater in size or amount or extent or degree".
        *   "Risk" here fits the "degree" or "amount" aspect. "More risk" parallels "more support" (example in Sense 1).
    *   Sense 2: "comparative of `many` used with count nouns... greater in number".
        *   This would apply if the text said "faced no more risks" (plural) or "more seats" (example in Sense 2).
        *   The text uses the singular "risk", implying mass/degree usage.

4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context "no more risk" refers to the *amount* or *degree* of risk, not the *number* of risks.
    *   Therefore, it aligns with Sense 1 (mass noun quantifier, greater in degree).
    *   Sense 2 is for count nouns (e.g., more apples, more people).
    *   "Risk" acts as a mass noun here (abstract concept of danger level).

5.  **Final Conclusion:**
    *   The target word modifies "risk".
    *   "Risk" is functioning as a mass noun (amount/degree).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is correct.

6.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: "risk"
    *   Surface Form: "risk"
    *   Context sentence: "...therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses genetic testing for retinoblastoma (eye cancer).
    *   Will Quinlan's father carries a damaged gene.
    *   Will was tested.
    *   The test showed he did *not* inherit the gene.
    *   Therefore, Will faced no more "risk" than other children of developing the cancer.
    *   Key phrases: "faced no more risk", "developing the rare cancer".
    *   The context is about probability and chance of an adverse outcome (developing cancer).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `risk%1:26:00::`
        *   Definition: "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune"
        *   Synonyms: hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment
        *   Examples: "drinking alcohol is a health hazard"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to the *source* or the *state* of danger/hazard itself. While related, the context here ("faced no more risk than other children") is quantifying the *probability* or likelihood, not identifying the danger source itself (though they are related). "Drinking alcohol is a hazard" equates the action with the source of danger. Here, Will's "risk" is the chance of getting cancer, not the cancer itself being the risk (though the cancer is the misfortune). However, this sense is often used for "danger" in a general sense.

    *   **Sense 2:** `risk%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury"
        *   Synonyms: peril, danger
        *   Examples: "he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to a deliberate action or venture (like a gamble or a crime). Will Quinlan is not undertaking a "venture" or a gamble; he is a baby. This doesn't fit the context of genetic predisposition.

    *   **Sense 3:** `risk%1:07:02::`
        *   Definition: "the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred"
        *   Synonyms: risk of infection
        *   Analysis: This is highly specific to infectious agents. Retinoblastoma is a genetic cancer, not an infectious agent. While the structure (probability) fits, the specific domain (infectious agent) does not. However, sometimes WordNet senses are used metaphorically or broad definitions apply. But let's look at Sense 4.

    *   **Sense 4:** `risk%1:07:01::`
        *   Definition: "the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent"
        *   Synonyms: risk of exposure
        *   Analysis: Also specific to infectious agents. And Will is facing the risk of *developing* cancer (outcome), not just exposure.

    *   **Re-evaluating Sense 1 vs. specific probability senses (3/4):**
        *   The specific medical senses (3 and 4) are restricted to "infectious agents". Cancer is generally not considered an infectious agent (though some viruses cause it, retinoblastoma is genetic). Therefore, strictly speaking, senses 3 and 4 are technically incorrect regarding the domain constraints ("infectious agent").
        *   Sense 1 ("a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune") captures the general meaning of "risk" here. The text talks about the chance of developing cancer. The phrase "no more risk than other children" implies a level of danger or probability of misfortune.
        *   Let's look closer at the definition of Sense 1: "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune". The second part of the definition "a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" fits perfectly with "possibility of developing cancer".
        *   Let's consider if there is a general "probability" sense for risk in WordNet.
            *   Looking at the provided options:
                *   1:26:00 is the general noun for danger/hazard/possibility of loss.
                *   1:04:00 is a specific venture.
                *   1:07:01 and 1:07:02 are specific epidemiological terms regarding infection.
        *   Since senses 3 and 4 explicitly mention "infectious agent" and this is about genetic cancer, they are mismatched domain-wise.
        *   Sense 2 is about a deliberate venture.
        *   Sense 1 is the best fit among the provided choices. Even though the example "drinking alcohol is a health hazard" points toward the "source" aspect, the definition "a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" covers the probabilistic nature of the situation. The sentence says he faced "risk" meaning he faced the *possibility* of the misfortune (cancer).

    *   *Self-Correction/Refinement:* WordNet (and dictionaries in general) often group "danger" and "probability of danger" under the same headword.
    *   Let's check if "risk" as "probability" exists generally. Yes.
    *   Does Sense 1 cover probability? "a possibility of incurring loss". Yes. "Possibility" implies a chance or probability.
    *   The sentence: "...faced no more risk than other children..." = "...faced no more possibility of incurring loss/misfortune...".
    *   This aligns with Sense 1.

    *   Why not Sense 3? "probability of becoming infected". Developing genetic cancer is not "becoming infected". The technical epidemiological definition doesn't apply to genetic inheritance probability in standard WSD tasks unless the context is explicitly about infection.
    *   Why not Sense 4? "probability of being exposed". This is about exposure. Will has the gene or doesn't (internal exposure?). The outcome is developing cancer.

    *   Conclusion: Sense 1 is the general sense applicable here. It encompasses the danger or the possibility of the negative event occurring.

    *   Let's double-check the Synonyms for Sense 1: hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment.
    *   "He faced no more peril than other children." (Fits).
    *   "He faced no more hazard than other children." (Fits).
    *   "He faced no more danger than other children." (Note: Sense 2 synonyms are peril, danger. But the definition of Sense 2 is "venture undertaken...").
    *   Sense 1 is the standard, general noun for risk.

    *   Let's confirm the indexing.
        1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: ...
        2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: ...
        3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: ...
        4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: ...

    *   The choice is Sense 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `other`
    *   Target surface form: `other`
    *   Context snippet: "...faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer."
    *   Full context summary: The text discusses genetic testing for retinoblastoma. The Quinlan baby (Will) was tested and found not to have the damaged gene. Consequently, Will faced no more risk than "other" children (meaning children in general, or the rest of the population) of developing the rare cancer.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `other%3:00:00::` | Definition: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" | Examples: "today isn't any other day"; "the construction of highways and other public works".
        *   *Analysis:* This is the standard determinative/adjectival use of "other" to denote distinctness or difference from the specific subject previously mentioned. In the context, Will is compared to "other children". Will is one child; "other children" are those distinct from him (the general population). This fits the core semantic function of "other" – distinguishing the specific entity from the remainder of the set.

    *   **Sense 2:** `other%5:00:00:past:00` | Definition: "recently past" | Examples: "the other evening".
        *   *Analysis:* This is a temporal usage (adjective). The context involves a comparison of risk levels between Will and other children, not a reference to time (like "the other day"). This sense is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `other%5:00:02:past:00` | Definition: "belonging to the distant past" | Synonyms: early, former | Examples: "the early inhabitants of Europe".
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 2, this is a temporal usage regarding antiquity. The text is about current medical risks for children, not historical eras. This sense is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `other%5:00:00:strange:00` | Definition: "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" | Examples: "a strange, other dimension...".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies strangeness or an "otherworldly" quality. While "other children" are distinct from Will, they are not "unusual" or "strange" in a mystical sense. They are just regular children. This sense is incorrect.

3.  **Evaluate the best fit:**
    *   The phrase "other children" contrasts Will (who was tested) with the rest of the group (children in general).
    *   Sense 1 defines "other" as "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied".
    *   Will is the one mentioned. "Other children" are not the same one (Will). They are the remaining members of the class "children".
    *   The example "highways and other public works" shows the enumerative/comparative function.
    *   The specific construction here is comparative: "no more risk than other children". This is the standard, general sense of "other" found in Sense 1.

4.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The best match is Sense 1.
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Form:**
    *   Lemma: child
    *   Form: children (plural)

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "...faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses genetics, cancer risk (retinoblastoma), and a specific couple (Bill and Bonnie Quinlan) having a baby (Will Quinlan).
    *   Specific usage: Will Quinlan faced no more risk than other *children*. Who are these "other children"? They are being compared to Will in terms of statistical risk of developing a rare cancer.
    *   Will Quinlan is described as a "baby" ("little Will Quinlan") and the context implies he is very young (born recently, tests done in January).
    *   The phrase "other children" refers to the general population of young humans, specifically regarding their developmental stage/age where this cancer might manifest or regarding the general risk profile associated with the general population of young people.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `child%1:18:00::` | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids.
        *   Does this fit? Yes. The text compares Will to "other children" in terms of cancer risk. Retinoblastoma is an eye cancer that occurs in births/young children. The comparison is statistical/general population. The phrase "other children" here acts as a general reference to the category of young humans. Will is a "baby" (young person). The comparison is not strictly about offspring relationships (Sense 2), but about the demographic of young people susceptible to the disease.
        *   However, let's look closely at the phrasing. "faced no more risk than other children".
        *   Is it referring to their status as offspring of specific parents (Sense 2) or their status as young individuals (Sense 1)?
        *   Retinoblastoma occurs "once every 20,000 births". It is a disease of childhood. The comparison is between Will and the general population of *young people*.
        *   Sense 1 seems very strong.

    *   **Sense 2:** `child%1:18:01::` | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college.
        *   Does this fit? The context mentions "any child of theirs" earlier ("any child of theirs had a 50% chance..."). That specific instance is definitely Sense 2 (offspring).
        *   However, the target instance is "faced no more risk than other children". Is it saying "other offspring [of other parents]"? Or "other young people"?
        *   While everyone is someone's offspring, usually when we say "children" in a medical context regarding disease prevalence among a population (especially a disease like retinoblastoma which strikes the very young), we mean Sense 1 (young persons).
        *   "Little Will Quinlan" is a baby. He is compared to "other children". If the text meant "other offspring of parents with the gene," it would say "other children of gene carriers". But it implies the general population risk.
        *   Wait, let's re-read carefully: "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
        *   If Sense 2 were used, the definition emphasizes the parent-child relationship ("offspring of any age"). A 40-year-old is a "child" in Sense 2. But can a 40-year-old develop retinoblastoma? Usually, it's a childhood cancer. So "children" here implies an age group.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 (young person) is the correct constraint. The text is not talking about them being offspring (which is a truism for everyone), but about them being young individuals who are the typical victims of this cancer.

    *   **Sense 3:** `child%1:18:06::` | definition=an immature childish person.
        *   No, this is pejorative or metaphorical.

    *   **Sense 4:** `child%1:18:07::` | definition=a member of a clan or tribe.
        *   No, biblical/anthropological context only.

4.  **Refine Choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Earlier in the text: "any child of theirs" -> Sense 2 (offspring).
    *   Target: "faced no more risk than other children".
    *   Context: Retinoblastoma is an "eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births". It is a disease of the very young. "Little Will Quinlan" is the subject.
    *   The comparison is demographic. He has the risk profile of the general population of *young people*. He does not have the genetic defect.
    *   If the text meant "other children" as "other offspring of anyone," it is technically true but less specific than the "young person" sense which constrains the age group relevant to the disease. In medical/epidemiological contexts, "children" almost always maps to Sense 1 (young persons/minors).
    *   Synonyms for Sense 1 include "youngster". "Will faced no more risk than other youngsters" fits perfectly.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 2 include "offspring". "Will faced no more risk than other offspring" sounds awkward and loses the age constraint (though the disease context implies age, the word choice itself focuses on the developmental stage).

    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy/definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: "a young person of either sex".
    *   Sense 2: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age".
    *   Since the context is about a specific cancer (retinoblastoma) which targets the young (Will is a baby, mentioned as "tumor... when he was only two months old"), the age factor is crucial. The sentence distinguishes Will's risk from the general population of young people. If it were Sense 2, "children" could mean 50-year-olds. That makes no sense in the context of pediatric oncology.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Target: children
    *   Definition chosen: a young person of either sex.
    *   Reasoning: The context is medical/statistical regarding a pediatric cancer. The comparison is between Will (a baby) and the general population of young humans.
    *   Sense index: 1.