[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: foundation
Target surface form: Foundation
Context:
The <t>Foundation</t> has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=foundation%1:24:00:: | definition=the basis on which something is grounded | examples=there is little foundation for his objections
2. sense_key=foundation%1:14:00:: | definition=an institution supported by an endowment
3. sense_key=foundation%1:06:00:: | definition=lowest support of a structure | synonyms=base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure | examples=it was built on a base of solid rock; he stood at the foot of the tower
4. sense_key=foundation%1:09:01:: | definition=education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge | synonyms=grounding | examples=he lacks the foundation necessary for advanced study; a good grounding in mathematics
5. sense_key=foundation%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=basis, base, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
6. sense_key=foundation%1:06:01:: | definition=a woman's undergarment worn to give shape to the contours of the body | synonyms=foundation garment
7. sense_key=foundation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new | synonyms=initiation, founding, institution, origination, creation, innovation | examples=she looked forward to her initiation as an adult; the foundation of a new scientific society

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

This is clearly referring to an institution/organization (a Foundation) that organizes conferences and involves participants from various interest groups. This matches sense 2: "an institution supported by an endowment".

Let me confirm:
- Sense 1: "the basis on which something is grounded" - this is about abstract basis, not an organization
- Sense 2: "an institution supported by an endowment" - this fits perfectly - it's an institution that organizes conferences
- Sense 3: "lowest support of a structure" - this is about physical building foundations
- Sense 4: "education or instruction in the fundamentals" - not relevant
- Sense 5: "the fundamental assumptions" - not relevant
- Sense 6: "a woman's undergarment" - not relevant
- Sense 7: "the act of starting something" - not relevant

The answer is sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The Foundation has recently been <t>involved</t> in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: involve
    *   Surface Form: involved (past participle used in a passive construction "been involved in")

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge."
    *   Meaning: The Foundation participated in or took part in the activity of organizing a conference. They were active agents in the process.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `sense_key=involve%2:42:01::` | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard.
        *   *Analysis:* "Incriminatingly" doesn't fit the positive context of organizing a conference. "Affect" doesn't fit the "been involved in" construction well here.

    *   **Sense 2:** `sense_key=involve%2:42:04::` | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
        *   *Analysis:* The definition "engage as a participant" aligns perfectly with the Foundation's role in organizing the conference. The example ("involve me in") matches the syntactic structure ("been involved in"). This looks like a strong candidate.

    *   **Sense 3:** `sense_key=involve%2:42:00::` | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply.
        *   *Analysis:* Organizing a conference isn't a "necessary feature" of the Foundation in this context; it's an action they took. This sense usually relates to logical consequences (e.g., "Buying a car involves paying insurance").

    *   **Sense 4:** `sense_key=involve%2:42:07::` | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, need.
        *   *Analysis:* The Foundation wasn't "required" by the conference; they participated in organizing it.

    *   **Sense 5:** `sense_key=involve%2:42:02::` | definition=contain as a part.
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 3. Does the Foundation contain organizing a conference? No.

    *   **Sense 6:** `sense_key=involve%2:31:00::` | definition=occupy or engage the interest of.
        *   *Analysis:* The conference didn't just interest the Foundation; the Foundation was an active agent/participant in the organization. This sense is more about psychological engagement/absorption.

    *   **Sense 7:** `sense_key=involve%2:30:00::` | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated.
        *   *Analysis:* Usually an adjective ("involved" meaning complicated) or a verb meaning to complicate matters. Not the meaning here.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 2 defines "engage as a participant".
    *   Context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising..."
    *   This means the Foundation participated in the activity.
    *   The example provided for Sense 2 ("Don't involve me in...") mirrors the prepositional usage ("involved in").
    *   This is the clear match.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instructions require a JSON object with the sense index.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2 (since the list is numbered 1 through 7).

    *Wait, let me double-check the indexing in the prompt.*
    The prompt lists:
    1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: ...
    2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: ...
    ...
    3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: ...
    ...

    Wait, the list numbering in the prompt starts with `1.`. So the second item is index 2.
    Let me re-read the list structure provided in the prompt carefully.

    *Prompt List:*
    1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: ...
    2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: ...
    3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: ...
    4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: ...
    5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: ...
    6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: ...
    7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: ...

    My choice is the sense "engage as a participant". This corresponds to item #2 in the list.
    Therefore, the index is 2.

6.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "involved in organising a conference"
    *   Sense 2 Definition: "engage as a participant"
    *   Sense 2 Example: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"
    *   Match: Yes. The Foundation participated/engaged in the act of organizing.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organise
Target surface form: organising
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in <t>organising</t> a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organise%2:30:00:: | definition=bring order and organization to | synonyms=organize, coordinate | examples=Can you help me organize my files?
2. sense_key=organise%2:41:01:: | definition=create (as an entity) | synonyms=form, organize | examples=social groups form everywhere; They formed a company
3. sense_key=organise%2:41:02:: | definition=form or join a union | synonyms=unionize, unionise, organize | examples=The auto workers decided to unionize
4. sense_key=organise%2:41:00:: | definition=cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea | synonyms=organize
5. sense_key=organise%2:36:00:: | definition=arrange by systematic planning and united effort | synonyms=organize, prepare, devise, get up, machinate | examples=machinate a plot; organize a strike
6. sense_key=organise%2:31:00:: | definition=plan and direct (a complex undertaking) | synonyms=mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, orchestrate | examples=he masterminded the robbery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Target:** "organising" (form of "organise").
    *   **Context:** "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues..."
    *   **Key Aspects:** The subject is "The Foundation". The action is preparing and putting together an event ("a conference"). This involves planning, coordination, and execution to make the event happen.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "bring order and organization to".
        *   *Synonyms:* coordinate, organize.
        *   *Example:* "Can you help me organize my files?"
        *   *Fit:* This usually refers to tidying up or structuring existing things (files, thoughts, a messy room). While a conference needs coordination, the primary meaning here isn't just "tidying up" or "bringing order to" an existing chaotic entity, but rather making an event happen from scratch.

    *   **Sense 2:** "create (as an entity)".
        *   *Synonyms:* form, organize.
        *   *Example:* "social groups form everywhere; They formed a company".
        *   *Fit:* This is about founding or establishing an organization or group. You don't "create a conference" as a permanent entity in the same way you "form a company". You arrange for it to take place.

    *   **Sense 3:** "form or join a union".
        *   *Synonyms:* unionize.
        *   *Fit:* Completely wrong context.

    *   **Sense 4:** "cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea".
        *   *Synonyms:* organize.
        *   *Fit:* This is a bit abstract, often used for organizing thoughts, a government, or a system. While a conference is structured, the act of "organising a conference" in this context focuses on the planning and arrangement aspect rather than just structuring it.

    *   **Sense 5:** "arrange by systematic planning and united effort".
        *   *Synonyms:* organize, prepare, devise, get up.
        *   *Example:* "organize a strike", "get up a party".
        *   *Fit:* This sense fits perfectly. "Organising a conference" is an event planning activity. It involves "arranging by systematic planning". The synonym "get up" (often used for events like "get up a dinner/party") and the example "organize a strike" are semantically very close to "organise a conference". It's about making arrangements for an event/activity.

    *   **Sense 6:** "plan and direct (a complex undertaking)".
        *   *Synonyms:* mastermind, engineer, direct, orchestrate.
        *   *Example:* "he masterminded the robbery".
        *   *Fit:* This sense implies a high-level, often complex, sometimes clandestine or strategic direction (like a military operation or a heist). While a conference is a complex undertaking, the word "mastermind" or "engineer" feels too heavy-handed for the standard administrative task of setting up a conference, though it's a close second. However, Sense 5 ("arrange by systematic planning...") with the example "organize a strike" (an event/activity) captures the *event management* aspect of "organising a conference" much better than the *strategic direction* aspect of Sense 6. "Organising a conference" is a standard collocation for event planning, which aligns with Sense 5.

3.  **Compare Sense 5 vs Sense 6 vs Sense 1:**
    *   Sense 1 is about order/tidiness (files).
    *   Sense 6 is about masterminding a complex scheme (robbery).
    *   Sense 5 is about arranging an event/activity (strike, party). "Organising a conference" fits squarely into the category of arranging an event through planning.

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 5 is the best fit. It captures the idea of planning and arranging an event (conference).

5.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON object format: `{"sense_index": 5}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a <t>conference</t> which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "conference"
    *   Target surface form: "conference"
    *   Context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `conference%1:14:00::`: a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda).
        2.  `conference%1:14:01::`: an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members (synonyms=league).
        3.  `conference%1:10:00::`: a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic (synonyms=group discussion).
    *   Constraints: Choose the single best indexed sense. No hedging. Return JSON only `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The context mentions "The Foundation", "organising", "participants", "attended", "debated issues".
    *   It is an event where people gather to discuss a critical challenge.
    *   It involves over 100 participants.
    *   It is not a sports league.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1 (`conference%1:14:00::`):* "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)".
        *   This fits perfectly. The text describes an organized event ("organising a conference") with participants attending to debate issues. This is the standard definition of a conference (meeting).
    *   *Sense 2 (`conference%1:14:01::`):* "an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members".
        *   The context has nothing to do with sports teams. It discusses public authorities, social partners, etc.
    *   *Sense 3 (`conference%1:10:00::`):* "a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic" (synonyms=group discussion).
        *   While there is discussion involved, "conference" in this context refers to the *event* itself (the meeting), rather than the act of discussion (group discussion).
        *   WordNet hierarchy distinctions: Sense 1 is a "meeting" (an event). Sense 3 is a "communication" or "discussion" (an act/process).
        *   The phrase "organising a conference" strongly implies an event (Sense 1). You organize an event/meeting. You don't typically "organize a group discussion" using the word "conference" in that specific syntactic frame when referring to the whole event.
        *   Furthermore, Sense 1 includes the notion of a "prearranged meeting" with a "formal agenda", which aligns with "organising" and "dealt with this critical challenge" involving "key actors".
        *   The distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 3 in WordNet can be subtle, but Sense 1 is the prototypical noun for the event (a conference like an academic conference or a policy conference). Sense 3 is more abstract (the discussion itself). In "organising a conference", the target is the event. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 2 is incorrect (sports).
    *   Sense 3 is a hypernym or a specific aspect (discussion), but "conference" as an organized event corresponds to Sense 1.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition of a conference as a meeting/event.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

6.  **Formatting Output:** `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: dealt
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which <t>dealt</t> with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%2:32:08:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
2. sense_key=deal%2:31:10:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, take, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
3. sense_key=deal%2:41:09:: | definition=take action with respect to (someone or something) | examples=How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students
4. sense_key=deal%2:41:00:: | definition=come to terms with | synonyms=cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple | examples=We got by on just a gallon of gas; They made do on half a loaf of bread every day
5. sense_key=deal%2:40:01:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, administer, mete out, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
6. sense_key=deal%2:40:00:: | definition=do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood | synonyms=sell, trade | examples=She deals in gold; The brothers sell shoes
7. sense_key=deal%2:41:13:: | definition=be in charge of, act on, or dispose of | synonyms=manage, care, handle | examples=I can deal with this crew of workers; This blender can't handle nuts
8. sense_key=deal%2:41:04:: | definition=behave in a certain way towards others | examples=He deals fairly with his employees
9. sense_key=deal%2:40:02:: | definition=distribute cards to the players in a game | examples=Who's dealing?
10. sense_key=deal%2:41:02:: | definition=direct the course of; manage or control | synonyms=conduct, carry on | examples=You cannot conduct business like this
11. sense_key=deal%2:40:07:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=share, divvy up, portion out, apportion
12. sense_key=deal%2:40:06:: | definition=give (a specific card) to a player | examples=He dealt me the Queen of Spades
13. sense_key=deal%2:40:11:: | definition=sell | examples=deal hashish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   Sentence: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge."
    *   Subject: The conference.
    *   Object: this critical challenge.
    *   Verb form: "dealt with".
    *   Meaning: The conference focused on, discussed, or addressed the topic of the critical challenge.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `deal%2:32:08::` | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization.
        *   *Analysis*: The example "This book deals with incest" is very close to "The conference ... dealt with this critical challenge". Books and conferences both communicate information verbally. The synonyms "treat" and "handle" in the sense of "treating a subject" fit well.

    *   **Sense 2**: `deal%2:31:10::` | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, take, look at | examples=Take the case of China.
        *   *Analysis*: This implies using something as an example. The conference isn't using the challenge as an example; it is the main topic.

    *   **Sense 3**: `deal%2:41:09::` | definition=take action with respect to (someone or something) | examples=How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students.
        *   *Analysis*: This implies problem-solving or taking action to resolve a problem. While the context mentions a "critical challenge" (which sounds like a problem to be solved), the subject is a *conference*. A conference discusses a topic; it doesn't necessarily take action to solve the problem itself (though it might result in recommendations). However, Sense 1 is specifically about "acting on verbally", which fits a conference perfectly. Sense 3 is more about the action of managing or handling a problem/agent. Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3.

    *   **Sense 4**: `deal%2:41:00::` | definition=come to terms with | synonyms=cope, get by...
        *   *Analysis*: This is about surviving or coping. The conference isn't "coping" with the challenge.

    *   **Sense 7**: `deal%2:41:13::` | definition=be in charge of, act on, or dispose of | synonyms=manage, care, handle | examples=I can deal with this crew of workers...
        *   *Analysis*: Similar to Sense 3, this is about managing or handling a task/entity. Again, a conference is an event, not a person managing a crew.

    *   **Sense 10**: `deal%2:41:02::` | definition=direct the course of; manage or control | synonyms=conduct, carry on | examples=You cannot conduct business like this.
        *   *Analysis*: This refers to conducting business or an affair. Not quite "dealt with a challenge" in the sense of a topic.

3.  **Deep Dive: Sense 1 vs Sense 3 vs Sense 7**:
    *   Context: "The conference ... dealt with ... this critical challenge."
    *   Sense 1: "Act on verbally". Examples: "This book deals with incest." Synonyms: cover, treat, address.
    *   Sense 3: "Take action with respect to". Examples: "How are we going to deal with this problem?"
    *   Sense 7: "Be in charge of, act on, or dispose of". Synonyms: manage, handle.

    *   *Nuance*: "Deal with" can mean "be about/concern" (Sense 1) or "handle/manage/tackle" (Sense 3/7).
    *   A *conference* "dealing with" a topic usually means it is the subject matter of the conference. The participants "debated issues". This is verbal action.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions "act on verbally" and uses the example "This book deals with incest". This aligns perfectly with a conference addressing a topic.
    *   Sense 3 examples ("How are we going to deal with this problem?", "deal with these lazy students") imply an agent solving a problem or managing people. While the object is a "critical challenge", the subject is the conference, which functions as a medium of communication (like a book), not an active agent solving the problem right then and there (though the outcome might be solutions). The primary function of the sentence is describing the *subject matter* of the conference.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 ("act on verbally... This book deals with...") is the best fit for a text/speech-based entity (conference) taking a topic as its subject.

4.  **Final Selection**:
    *   Sense 1 matches the "topic/subject matter" meaning for a communicative event.
    *   Synonyms like "address" and "cover" fit "The conference addressed/covered this challenge".

5.  **Output Generation**:
    *   Selected index: 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: critical
Target surface form: critical
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this <t>critical</t> challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=critical%3:00:01:: | definition=marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws | examples=a critical attitude
2. sense_key=critical%3:00:04:: | definition=at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction | examples=a critical temperature of water is 100 degrees C--its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure; critical mass
3. sense_key=critical%3:00:02:: | definition=characterized by careful evaluation and judgment | examples=a critical reading; a critical dissertation
4. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:indispensable:00 | definition=urgently needed; absolutely necessary | synonyms=vital | examples=a critical element of the plan; critical medical supplies
5. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:crucial:00 | definition=forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis | synonyms=decisive | examples=a critical point in the campaign; the critical test
6. sense_key=critical%3:00:03:: | definition=being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency | examples=a critical shortage of food; a critical illness
7. sense_key=critical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism | examples=critical acclaim

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Lemma:** `critical`
    *   **Context Sentence:** "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this <t>critical</t> challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."
    *   **Key phrases:** "critical challenge", "key actors", "interest groups", "debated issues".
    *   **Semantics of the context:** The sentence talks about a challenge that is significant, important, and requires attention. It involves many stakeholders ("key actors", "interest groups"). The challenge isn't necessarily a medical emergency (sense 6) or a physics phenomenon (sense 2). It's not about criticism (sense 1 or 7) or a scholarly analysis (sense 3). It's about importance and necessity.

2.  **Evaluate the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `critical%3:00:01::` - *marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws* (e.g., "a critical attitude").
        *   *Fit:* No. The context doesn't suggest someone is criticizing the challenge. It's about the *nature* of the challenge itself.

    *   **Sense 2:** `critical%3:00:04::` - *at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change...* (physics/technical).
        *   *Fit:* No. This is a social/organizational context, not physics.

    *   **Sense 3:** `critical%3:00:02::` - *characterized by careful evaluation and judgment* (e.g., "a critical reading").
        *   *Fit:* No. This refers to an intellectual activity (reading, analysis). A "critical challenge" isn't a challenge that evaluates something carefully; it's a challenge that is significant.

    *   **Sense 4:** `critical%5:00:00:indispensable:00` - *urgently needed; absolutely necessary* (Synonyms: vital). Examples: "critical element", "critical medical supplies".
        *   *Fit:* Possible. A "critical challenge" could be interpreted as a challenge that is vital to address. However, usually, *supplies* or *elements* are indispensable. A challenge isn't usually "needed" or "indispensable" in that sense. We don't *need* the challenge; the challenge is *important*. But let's look closer. Is the challenge "urgently needed"? No. Does the challenge represent an urgent need to solve something? Yes. But let's check sense 5.

    *   **Sense 5:** `critical%5:00:00:crucial:00` - *forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis* (Synonyms: decisive). Examples: "critical point in the campaign", "critical test".
        *   *Fit:* This fits "critical challenge" very well. A challenge that represents a turning point or is crucial to the success of the endeavor. The synonym "decisive" matches the weight implied by "critical challenge". It combines the idea of importance and potential crisis/turning point without necessarily being a full-blown emergency (Sense 6) or just a vital component (Sense 4).
        *   *Comparison:* Sense 4 implies "we need this thing". Sense 5 implies "this thing is crucial/decisive". A challenge is usually something you want to overcome. It is a *crucial* matter. If you say "this is a critical challenge", you usually mean it is decisive or crucial to get it right.
        *   Let's look at the nuance between Sense 4 and Sense 5 in WordNet.
        *   Sense 4 (Indispensable): Focuses on the necessity of the object. "Water is critical for life."
        *   Sense 5 (Crucial/Decisive): Focuses on the importance of the moment or situation. "A critical moment."
        *   "Challenge" is a situation or an issue. A challenge is a problem to be solved. It is a "critical point" or "crucial issue". Sense 5 seems to capture the "turning point" or "crucial nature" of the situation better than Sense 4 (which applies better to components/supplies).
        *   However, "critical challenge" is often synonymous with "crucial challenge". Is "critical challenge" a decisive moment? Or just a very important problem?
        *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis".
        *   Let's re-read Sense 4: "urgently needed; absolutely necessary".
        *   Context: "dealt with this critical challenge". This implies the challenge is a pressing issue. It is vital to deal with it. Or is it a crisis?
        *   Actually, looking at how "critical" collocates with "challenge": A "critical challenge" usually means a challenge that is decisive or has important consequences. It acts as a turning point. If they fail to address it, things go wrong. This aligns with Sense 5 (Crucial/Decisive/Turning point).
        *   Let's look at Sense 6: "being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency". "Critical shortage", "critical illness". While a challenge can be a crisis, "critical challenge" usually highlights the importance/decisiveness of the problem rather than the emergency status (though they overlap).
        *   Sense 5's definition "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis" covers the "crucial importance" aspect nicely.
        *   Let's compare Sense 4 vs Sense 5 again.
            *   Sense 4: "critical medical supplies" (the supplies are necessary).
            *   Sense 5: "critical test" (the test is decisive/turning point).
            *   A challenge is more like a test or a point in a process than a supply. It is an obstacle. Overcoming it is decisive. Therefore, Sense 5 fits better than Sense 4.

    *   **Sense 6:** `critical%3:00:03::` - *being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency*.
        *   *Fit:* This is also possible. If the challenge puts the foundation or the sector in a crisis. However, Sense 5 (decisive/crucial) is the broader category that fits "challenges" in a general conference setting better than the specific medical/emergency connotation of Sense 6 (e.g., "critical condition"). "Critical challenge" is a standard collocation meaning "crucial challenge". WordNet maps "crucial" synonyms to Sense 5.

    *   **Sense 7:** `critical%3:01:00::` - *of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism*.
        *   *Fit:* No.

    **Refining the choice between Sense 4, 5, and 6:**
    *   Context: "The Foundation... organising a conference... dealt with this critical challenge."
    *   Is the challenge "urgently needed" (Sense 4)? No, we don't need the challenge. We need to *address* the challenge. Sense 4 applies to things like "supplies" or "elements" which are needed.
    *   Is the challenge "verging on a state of emergency" (Sense 6)? Possible, but usually restricted to "critical condition", "critical shortage", "critical illness".
    *   Is the challenge "forming or having the nature of a turning point" (Sense 5)? Yes. The synonym is "decisive". A "critical challenge" is a decisive challenge. It determines the outcome.
    *   Also, looking at standard WSD datasets (like SemCor), "critical" modifying a situation/problem often maps to the "crucial" or "decisive" sense.
    *   Sense 5 definition: "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis". Synonyms: decisive.
    *   Example in WordNet for Sense 5: "a critical point in the campaign", "the critical test".
    *   "Critical challenge" is analogous to "critical point" or "critical test". It is a decisive moment or issue.

    Therefore, Sense 5 is the best fit.

    **Let's double check Sense 4.**
    WordNet Sense 4 definition: "urgently needed; absolutely necessary". Synonyms: vital. Example: "critical element".
    If I say "It is critical that we solve this", that corresponds to "necessary".
    But here, the adjective modifies "challenge". A "critical challenge" isn't "needed". The solution is needed. The challenge *is* a problem.
    Therefore, Sense 4 is semantically ill-fitted for the noun "challenge" (an entity cannot be a "needed challenge").
    Sense 5 fits: The challenge is decisive/crucial/a turning point.

    **Conclusion:** Sense 5.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical <t>challenge</t>. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%1:26:00:: | definition=a demanding or stimulating situation | examples=they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power
2. sense_key=challenge%1:10:00:: | definition=a call to engage in a contest or fight
3. sense_key=challenge%1:10:01:: | definition=questioning a statement and demanding an explanation | examples=his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy
4. sense_key=challenge%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror
5. sense_key=challenge%1:10:03:: | definition=a demand by a sentry for a password or identification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical <t>challenge</t>. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."
    *   Keywords: "Foundation", "conference", "dealt with", "critical", "participants", "debated issues", "interest groups".
    *   The target word "challenge" refers to a situation or issue that the conference was organized to address ("dealt with"). It is described as "critical". It involves complex interactions between various actors (public authorities, social partners, etc.).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `challenge%1:26:00::` | definition=a demanding or stimulating situation | examples=they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense fits well. The context describes a complex situation involving various interest groups and debates. The Foundation is organizing a conference to "deal with" this situation. "Critical challenge" is a common collocation for this sense (a difficult problem or issue to be resolved).
    *   **Sense 2:** `challenge%1:10:00::` | definition=a call to engage in a contest or fight.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a duel, a sports match challenge, or a direct confrontation. The context mentions a conference, debates, and organizing, not a contest or physical fight. This doesn't fit the context of "dealing with" a policy/social issue.
    *   **Sense 3:** `challenge%1:10:01::` | definition=questioning a statement and demanding an explanation | examples=his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy.
        *   *Analysis:* This is specific to the act of questioning or disagreeing with a specific premise. While the conference involves "debated issues", the target "challenge" itself is the object being "dealt with". It is the broad issue, not a specific act of questioning a statement. The phrase "this critical challenge" implies a general problem, not a specific instance of objection.
    *   **Sense 4:** `challenge%1:10:02::` | definition=a formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror.
        *   *Analysis:* Legal context specific. The text is about a Foundation, a conference, and social partners. No legal jury selection context.
    *   **Sense 5:** `challenge%1:10:03::` | definition=a demand by a sentry for a password or identification.
        *   *Analysis:* Military/security context specific. Not applicable here.

3.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   The context describes an issue that requires effort and organization to resolve ("dealt with this critical challenge").
    *   Sense 1 ("a demanding or stimulating situation") matches the semantic requirements perfectly. It is an abstract noun here, referring to a problem or difficulty that needs addressing.
    *   Sense 2 is a contest.
    *   Sense 3 is an objection/act of questioning.
    *   Senses 4 and 5 are highly domain-specific and irrelevant.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Formatting:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Since I chose the first definition listed, the index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: participant
Target surface form: participants
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 <t>participants</t> from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=participant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who takes part in an activity
2. sense_key=participant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who participates in or is skilled at some game | synonyms=player

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target:** The target lemma is "participant" and the surface form is "participants".
2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence is: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."
    *   The preceding sentence mentions a "conference".
    *   The participants "attended and debated issues".
    *   The groups mentioned are "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations... service users".
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `participant%1:18:00::` | definition: "someone who takes part in an activity". This is the general sense. It covers anyone participating in anything (conferences, experiments, conversations, etc.).
    *   Sense 2: `participant%1:18:01::` | definition: "a person who participates in or is skilled at some game" | synonyms: "player". This sense is specific to games or sports.
4.  **Disambiguate:**
    *   The context involves a "conference". People attending a conference are participating in the conference (an activity/event).
    *   Is it a "game"? No. It is a formal gathering to debate issues.
    *   Therefore, the "player" or "game" sense (Sense 2) is incorrect.
    *   The general definition "someone who takes part in an activity" (Sense 1) fits perfectly. Conference attendees are participants in the conference.
5.  **Formulate output:** The instructions ask for a JSON object with the key "sense_index". The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the <t>main</t> interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "main" used as an adjective in the phrase "main interest groups".
2.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended..." The context describes a conference where various groups are present. The word "main" is qualifying "interest groups". It implies these groups are the most significant, important, or primary ones involved in the subject matter (the critical challenge mentioned earlier).
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* `main%5:00:00:important:00` | Definition: "most important element" | Synonyms: chief, primary, principal, master | Examples: "the chief aim of living", "the main doors".
        *   *Fit:* This sense denotes importance or primacy. In the context "main interest groups", it means the primary or most important interest groups. This fits perfectly. The synonym "primary" and "principal" align with the idea that these are the key groups.
    *   *Sense 2:* `main%3:00:02::` | Definition: "(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence" | Synonyms: independent.
        *   *Fit:* This is a linguistic/grammatical definition. The target word is not being used to describe a clause structure here. It is describing interest groups. This is incorrect.
    *   *Sense 3:* `main%5:00:00:intense:00` | Definition: "of force; of the greatest possible intensity" | Examples: "by main strength".
        *   *Fit:* This sense relates to physical force or intensity. The context is about social groups attending a conference, not physical exertion. This is incorrect.
4.  **Select the Best Sense:** Sense 1 is the correct sense. It captures the meaning of "primary" or "most important" regarding the interest groups.
5.  **Format Output:** The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Since Sense 1 is the correct choice, the index is 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attended
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups <t>attended</t> and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: attend
    *   Surface form: attended (past tense)
    *   Context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups <t>attended</t> and debated issues such as..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence describes a situation involving a "conference" mentioned in the previous sentence.
    *   The subjects are "participants".
    *   They "attended and debated".
    *   The core meaning is being physically present at an event (the conference) to participate in it.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `attend%2:42:00::` | definition="be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." | synonyms="go to" | examples="She attends class regularly..."
        *   *Match:* The context mentions a conference. Participants "attend" conferences. This fits the definition of "be present at meetings". The synonyms "go to" also fit (e.g., "Over 100 participants went to [the conference]").
        *   *Verdict:* Strong candidate.

    *   **Sense 2:** `attend%2:41:12::` | definition="take charge of or deal with" | synonyms="take care, look, see" | examples="I must attend to this matter"
        *   *Match:* Usually requires "attend *to*" or refers to handling a task/situation. The context is about presence at an event, not dealing with a problem.
        *   *Verdict:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `attend%2:42:01::` | definition="to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result" | examples="Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation"
        *   *Match:* This is a more formal, often passive construction where one thing happens alongside another. The context is active: people attending an event.
        *   *Verdict:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `attend%2:41:00::` | definition="work for or be a servant to" | synonyms="serve, attend to, wait on" | examples="She attends the old lady..."
        *   *Match:* Refers to caretaking or serving. Not applicable to participants at a conference.
        *   *Verdict:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** `attend%2:39:00::` | definition="give heed (to)" | synonyms="hang, advert, pay heed" | examples="The children... attended the recital quietly"
        *   *Match:* Refers to listening or paying attention. While participants do pay attention, the primary meaning in this syntactic frame ("participants attended [the conference]") is physical presence/participation in the event, not just the act of listening. The example "attended the recital quietly" suggests a specific focus on the *manner* of listening. The context here emphasizes presence and debating.
        *   *Verdict:* Less likely than Sense 1.

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for being present at a meeting or event.
    *   Context: "organising a conference... Over 100 participants... attended".
    *   This perfectly matches Sense 1's definition: "be present at (meetings...)".

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: debate
Target surface form: debated
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and <t>debated</t> issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=debate%2:31:00:: | definition=argue with one another | examples=We debated the question of abortion; John debated Mary
2. sense_key=debate%2:32:02:: | definition=think about carefully; weigh | synonyms=consider, moot, turn over, deliberate | examples=They considered the possibility of a strike; Turn the proposal over in your mind
3. sense_key=debate%2:32:00:: | definition=discuss the pros and cons of an issue | synonyms=deliberate
4. sense_key=debate%2:32:01:: | definition=have an argument about something | synonyms=argue, contend, fence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "debated" in the context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. debate%2:31:00:: - argue with one another (e.g., We debated the question of abortion; John debated Mary)
2. debate%2:32:02:: - think about carefully; weigh (e.g., They considered the possibility of a strike)
3. debate%2:32:00:: - discuss the pros and cons of an issue (synonyms: deliberate)
4. debate%2:32:01:: - have an argument about something (synonyms: argue, contend, fence)

In the context, participants attended a conference and debated issues. This implies a formal or organized discussion of the pros and cons of an issue, rather than a personal argument ("argue with one another" or "have an argument about something") or a solitary thinking process ("think about carefully; weigh").

Sense 3: "discuss the pros and cons of an issue" fits perfectly for a conference where participants debate issues. It fits the collaborative, somewhat formal discussion typical of a conference setting.

So sense 3 is the best fit.

Index mapping:
1 -> sense_key=debate%2:31:00::
2 -> sense_key=debate%2:32:02::
3 -> sense_key=debate%2:32:00::
4 -> sense_key=debate%2:32:01::

I will output {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated <t>issues</t> such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: issue
    *   Target surface form: issues
    *   Context: "...attended and debated <t>issues</t> such as the role of key actors..."
    *   Context clues: The sentence mentions "participants ... attended and debated [issues]". The issues are described as topics like "the role of key actors including public authorities...". The broader context mentions a conference dealing with a "critical challenge".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled". Examples: "politicians never discuss the real issues".
        *   *Analysis:* This fits well. The context mentions "debated issues". A debate implies dispute or discussion to settle a matter. The example "politicians never discuss the real issues" aligns with the formal/conference context here.

    *   **Sense 2:** "one of a series published periodically". Synonyms: number. Example: "an old issue of the magazine".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. No mention of magazines, journals, or publications.

    *   **Sense 3:** "some situation or event that is thought about". Synonyms: topic, subject, matter. Example: "he kept drifting off the topic".
        *   *Analysis:* This is a strong contender. The text says they "debated issues such as...". These "issues" act as topics of discussion. However, looking closely at Sense 1 vs Sense 3:
            *   Sense 1 emphasizes "important question... in dispute".
            *   Sense 3 emphasizes "situation or event that is thought about".
            *   In the context of a conference where people "debate" specific points regarding a "critical challenge", Sense 1 seems more specific to the act of debating/disputing important questions. However, "issues" in the phrase "issues such as the role of key actors" often functions essentially as a synonym for "topics".
            *   Let's check the hypernym hierarchy or standard WSD usage.
            *   Sense 1 is usually "social/political issue" (e.g., abortion, immigration).
            *   Sense 3 is "topic/subject" (e.g., let's change the issue/topic).
            *   The context: "debated issues such as the role of key actors...".
            *   Is "the role of key actors" an "important question in dispute"? Yes, it's a policy matter.
            *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 in WordNet (1:09:01 vs 1:09:00).
            *   Sense 1: `issue%1:09:01::` -> "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled".
            *   Sense 3: `issue%1:09:00::` -> "some situation or event that is thought about".
            *   Usually, when people "debate issues" in a conference setting regarding policy, it implies a problem or a matter of public concern (Sense 1). "Topic" (Sense 3) is broader.
            *   Let's look at the synonyms provided. Sense 3 synonyms: "topic, subject, matter". Sense 1 synonyms: (None listed in the prompt, but typically implies "problem").
            *   Let's look at the specific collocation "debated issues". You debate a point of contention or a problem to be solved. Sense 1 captures the "dispute" aspect inherent in "debated".
            *   However, "issues such as the role of key actors" can just be topics on an agenda.
            *   Let's re-read the sentence: "Over 100 participants ... attended and debated issues such as...".
            *   If I look at the WordNet definitions strictly:
                *   Sense 1: "important question that is in dispute".
                *   Sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about".
            *   The context mentions a "critical challenge". The issues are the specific points derived from this challenge. The fact that they are "debated" leans heavily towards Sense 1 (dispute/settling). Sense 3 is more cognitive ("thought about").
            *   Often, Sense 1 is the intended sense for "political/social issues". "The role of key actors" sounds like a policy issue.
            *   Let's verify Sense 3 vs Sense 1. In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "issue" in the context of "debating issues" or "political issues" maps to the sense regarding questions in dispute (Sense 1). Sense 3 (topic) is often used for "at issue" or general subjects of conversation, but Sense 1 is specific to problems/questions.
            *   The phrase "critical challenge" suggests these are problems or difficult questions needing resolution.
            *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   **Sense 4:** "the act of providing an item...". Synonyms: issuing.
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Not a verb or an act.

    *   **Sense 5:** "supplies ... issued by the government".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 6:** "income or profit...".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 7:** "phenomenon that follows...".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 8:** "immediate descendants...".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 9:** "becoming visible".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 10:** "an opening...".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 11:** "act of issuing printed materials".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

3.  **Refine the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled".
    *   Sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about" (synonyms: topic, subject, matter).
    *   Context: "participants ... debated issues such as the role of key actors".
    *   If the text said "The issue of the meeting was the budget", Sense 3 (topic) might be appropriate.
    *   However, here it is plural "issues" and they are being "debated". Debating implies disagreement or a need to settle a question. The examples for Sense 1 are "politicians never discuss the real issues". This aligns perfectly with the register (participants, authorities, social partners) and the action (debated).
    *   Sense 3 examples: "he kept drifting off the topic". This refers to the subject of conversation.
    *   "Issues" in "issues such as the role of key actors" refers to specific policy points or problems regarding the organization of society/services. These fit the "important question... must be settled" definition better than just "something thought about".
    *   Also, "issues" often collocates with "challenges" and "debate" in the political/social sense, which corresponds to Sense 1.

    Decision: Sense 1 is the correct choice. It captures the nuance of a problem/question being discussed, whereas Sense 3 is just a neutral topic.

4.  **Formatting output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Wait, let me double check the list numbering.
    *   1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: ... (Index 1)
    *   ...
    *   3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: ... (Index 3)

    Is it definitely Sense 1?
    Let's look at the nuances again.
    WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 distinctions:
    Sense 1 (issue%1:09:01): "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled".
    Sense 3 (issue%1:09:00): "some situation or event that is thought about". (Synonyms: topic, subject, matter).

    Sentence: "...debated issues such as the role of key actors..."
    If I say "We debated the issue of tax reform," it is Sense 1.
    If I say "We debated the topic of tax reform," it is Sense 3 for 'issue' (if 'issue' was used).
    In this text, "issues" are points of contention regarding the "critical challenge". They are not just random things thought about; they are specific points of the challenge being worked on.
    The example for Sense 1: "the issue could be settled... politicians never discuss the real issues".
    This fits the "debated ... issues" context perfectly.

    Therefore, Index 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actor
Target surface form: actors
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key <t>actors</t> including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actor%1:18:00:: | definition=a theatrical performer | synonyms=histrion, player, thespian, role player
2. sense_key=actor%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=doer, worker | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `actor`
    *   Target surface form: `actors`
    *   Context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key **actors** including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `actor%1:18:00::` | Definition: a theatrical performer | Synonyms: histrion, player, thespian, role player.
    *   Sense 2: `actor%1:18:01::` | Definition: a person who acts and gets things done | Synonyms: doer, worker | Examples: "he's a principal actor in this affair", "when you want something done get a doer".

3.  **Disambiguate:**
    *   The context talks about a conference, interest groups, public authorities, social partners, and organizations.
    *   The phrase "key actors" refers to entities (organizations, authorities) or people playing a specific role in a situation or field (social policy/service provision), not people performing on a stage.
    *   Sense 1 refers to a profession (performer). This does not fit "public authorities" or "voluntary ... organisations" being listed as examples of these "actors". While a person can be an actor, "public authorities" are institutions. However, in social science and political contexts, "actor" is often used metaphorically to mean an agent or participant in a process. WordNet Sense 2 defines an actor as "a person who acts and gets things done" with synonyms like "doer".
    *   Let's look closer at Sense 2. The example "he's a principal actor in this affair" aligns well with the usage here (an actor in a social/political affair).
    *   Is there a better sense? Usually, WordNet might have a sense for "participant" or "agent". Let's check standard WordNet entries for 'actor'.
        *   WN 3.0/3.1 usually has:
            1.  theatrical performer.
            2.  a person who acts and gets things done ("he's a principal actor in this affair").
        *   Sometimes there's a specialized sense in specific domains, but based on the provided candidates:
            *   Sense 1 is clearly wrong (theatrical).
            *   Sense 2 is "a person who acts and gets things done". In this context, "public authorities" and "organisations" act and get things done within the scope of the "critical challenge" and service provision. Even though the definition says "person", the example "affair" and the usage in the text (where organizations are actors) strongly points to this functional/agentive definition rather than the theatrical one.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 vs Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: Theatrical. Context is a conference about social policy. No.
    *   Sense 2: Agent/Doer in an affair. Context involves "public authorities" and "organisations" playing roles in a social challenge. Yes.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the correct choice. The word is used to mean a participant or agent in a situation (the social challenge/service provision), synonymous with "doer" or "player" in a non-theatrical sense.

6.  **Formatting:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: authority
Target surface form: authorities
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public <t>authorities</t>, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=authority%1:07:00:: | definition=the power or right to give orders or make decisions | synonyms=authorization, authorisation, potency, dominance, say-so | examples=he has the authority to issue warrants; deputies are given authorization to make arrests
2. sense_key=authority%1:18:01:: | definition=(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others | examples=the authorities have issued a curfew
3. sense_key=authority%1:18:00:: | definition=an expert whose views are taken as definitive | examples=he is an authority on corporate law
4. sense_key=authority%1:09:00:: | definition=freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities | synonyms=assurance, self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, sureness | examples=his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular; after that failure he lost his confidence
5. sense_key=authority%1:14:00:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, office | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
6. sense_key=authority%1:07:02:: | definition=official permission or approval | synonyms=authorization, authorisation, sanction | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
7. sense_key=authority%1:10:00:: | definition=an authoritative written work | examples=this book is the final authority on the life of Milton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `authority`
    *   Target surface form: `authorities` (plural)
    *   Context sentence: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public <t>authorities</t>, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."
    *   Key phrases: "key actors", "public authorities", "social partners", "organisations", "service users".
    *   The context lists different types of people or groups involved in a conference/debate. It places "public authorities" alongside "social partners" and "organisations". This implies "authorities" refers to entities/organizations/people holding office, not an abstract concept like "power" or a single "expert".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `authority%1:07:00::` - Definition: "the power or right to give orders or make decisions". Synonyms: authorization, potency, dominance.
        *   Analysis: This is an abstract concept. The context lists "authorities" as a type of "actor" alongside organizations. "Public power" doesn't fit well as a list item of actors in this specific way (though they exercise power). Also, the surface form is plural ("authorities"). While abstract nouns can be pluralized in rare cases, it's usually to denote types of authority. Here, it refers to groups of people.

    *   **Sense 2:** `authority%1:18:01::` - Definition: "(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others". Examples: "the authorities have issued a curfew".
        *   Analysis: This sense explicitly notes "usually plural". The context shows "public authorities". These are the bodies/groups of people in charge of administration (government bodies, local councils, etc.). They fit the category of "key actors". This matches the usage perfectly. "Public authorities" refers to the police, government departments, councils, etc.

    *   **Sense 3:** `authority%1:18:00::` - Definition: "an expert whose views are taken as definitive".
        *   Analysis: Usually singular ("he is an authority"). While plural "authorities" could theoretically mean "multiple experts", the modifier "public" strongly suggests government/official bodies, not necessarily academic experts. "Public experts" isn't the standard collocation here.

    *   **Sense 4:** `authority%1:09:00::` - Definition: "freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities". Synonyms: confidence, assurance.
        *   Analysis: Abstract psychological state. Does not fit the context of "key actors".

    *   **Sense 5:** `authority%1:14:00::` - Definition: "an administrative unit of government". Synonyms: agency, bureau.
        *   Analysis: This is very close. "Public authorities" are often administrative units. However, Sense 2 defines it as "persons who exercise control". Let's look closely at WordNet (Princeton).
        *   WordNet 3.1 distinction:
            *   Sense 1:18:01 (n) authority (usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others.
            *   Sense 1:14:00 (n) authority, agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, office (an administrative unit of government).
        *   In the context: "key actors including public authorities". "Actors" suggests agents/people or bodies acting. While Sense 5 (administrative unit) is semantically close to the *institution*, Sense 2 specifically addresses the *plural form* referring to the *people/bodies* in power.
        *   Let's check standard usage. "The authorities" usually refers to the police or government powers that be. "Public authorities" refers to specific public bodies (Local Authorities, Health Authorities). These are institutions (Sense 5) but the usage "the authorities" often leans towards Sense 2 in WordNet mapping conventions (e.g., "the authorities" -> police/government controllers).
        *   However, "public authorities" is a specific term for public sector organizations. Sense 5 lists "agency, federal agency...". Sense 2 lists "persons".
        *   Let's look at the examples again.
            *   Sense 2 example: "the authorities have issued a curfew". This treats "authorities" as the collective body/persons in charge.
            *   Sense 5 definition: "an administrative unit of government".
        *   In the sentence "public authorities... social partners... organisations", "public authorities" are organizational entities. Are they "persons" (Sense 2) or "administrative units" (Sense 5)?
        *   WordNet Sense 2 specifically mentions "(usually plural) persons". This is a bit anthropomorphic for an organization, but often "the authorities" is treated as a group of people.
        *   However, looking at how WordNet disambiguation tasks usually resolve "authorities" (plural):
            *   "The authorities are looking for him" -> Sense 2.
            *   "Health authorities" -> often Sense 5 (administrative unit) or Sense 2.
        *   Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 2 has no specific synonyms listed in the prompt other than what's implied. Sense 5 has "agency, bureau".
        *   Let's reconsider Sense 2 vs Sense 5.
            *   Sense 2: "persons who exercise control".
            *   Sense 5: "administrative unit".
        *   The text says "key actors including public authorities". Actors can be institutions. "Public authorities" in the EU context (Foundation, social partners suggests EU or industrial relations context) usually refers to governmental bodies (administrative units).
        *   However, WordNet's specific sense 1:18:01 is the standard mapping for the plural noun "authorities" when referring to the government/police/power structure. Sense 1:14:00 usually applies to "the Housing Authority" (singular specific) or definitions of agency.
        *   Let's check the "usually plural" tag in Sense 2. It is a strong indicator. The target is "authorities" (plural). Sense 5 is "an administrative unit" (singular definition, though plural instances exist).
        *   The definition of Sense 2: "persons who exercise (administrative) control over others". In the phrase "public authorities", it refers to the government bodies that have control.
        *   Most WSD datasets (like SemCor) tag plural "authorities" (meaning government/police) as Sense 1:18:01. They tag "Tennessee Valley Authority" as Sense 1:14:00 (administrative unit).
        *   Therefore, since the form is plural and it refers to the governing bodies, Sense 2 is the standard WordNet choice for the plural form "authorities".

3.  **Refine selection:**
    *   Context: "public authorities" (plural).
    *   Sense 2 definition: "(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others".
    *   Sense 5 definition: "an administrative unit of government".
    *   While "public authorities" *are* administrative units, WordNet explicitly creates a separate sense for the plural usage meaning the people/forces in control. The text lists them as "key actors". Actors act. Sense 2 focuses on the "persons" exercising control. This fits the specific WordNet granular distinction for the plural form.

4.  **Final check:**
    *   Is it an expert? No (Sense 3).
    *   Is it a book? No (Sense 7).
    *   Is it permission? No (Sense 6).
    *   Is it confidence? No (Sense 4).
    *   Is it the abstract power? No (Sense 1).
    *   Is it "the authorities" (police/government)? Yes. This maps to Sense 2.
    *   Is it a specific agency (like the Port Authority)? No, it's a general reference to public bodies.
    *   Choice: Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me double check the Sense 2 vs Sense 5 distinction again.
    *   Sense 2: "the authorities" (idiomatic plural).
    *   Sense 5: specific organizations (e.g., "the Port Authority").
    *   Here "public authorities" is a generic reference to government bodies.
    *   If I say "The local authorities", WordNet often maps this to Sense 2.
    *   If I say "The Transit Authority", it maps to Sense 5.
    *   The text says "public authorities" (generic plural).
    *   Sense 2 definition includes "(usually plural)".
    *   Sense 2 example: "the authorities have issued a curfew".
    *   This usage aligns with Sense 2.

    *   Let's check Sense 5 again. Synonyms: agency, bureau. "Public authorities" are synonymous with agencies. However, the "usually plural" marker in Sense 2 is the tie-breaker provided by WordNet linguists to handle the government/police meaning.

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct indexed sense.

    *   Sense Index mapping:
        *   Sense 1 -> 1
        *   Sense 2 -> 2
        *   ...
        *   Wait, the prompt asks for the indexed sense based on the list provided.
        *   Sense 2 is: `sense_key=authority%1:18:01::`.

    *   Result: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, <t>social</t> partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "social" in this passage.

The context is about a conference dealing with challenges in society, involving various interest groups including "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The phrase "social partners" is the specific usage we need to disambiguate. In this context, "social partners" refers to organizations or groups that are stakeholders in society, particularly in the context of labor relations, public policy, and societal organization.

Let's look at each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
   This sense refers to things related to human society at large. "Social partners" in this context does seem to refer to organizations that are partners in society, which would align with this definition.

2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
   This sense is more about the behavior of living in groups or communities. This doesn't seem to match the usage of "social partners" in the context.

3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
   This sense refers to "high society" or elite social circles. This doesn't match the usage in the context, which is about societal stakeholders, not elite social circles.

4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
   This sense is about sociability and social gatherings, which doesn't match the usage of "social partners" in this context.

5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
   This sense refers to biological/social behavior in animals, which doesn't match the usage in this context.

6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee
   This sense refers to friendly interaction, which doesn't match the usage of "social partners" in this context.

The best match is sense 1, which refers to things relating to human society and its members. In the context, "social partners" refers to organizations or groups that are partners or stakeholders in society, particularly in the context of public policy, labor relations, and societal organization. This aligns with sense 1's definition of "relating to human society and its members."

The synonym "societal" also fits well here, as we could substitute "societal partners" for "social partners" and retain the meaning.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for the target word "social" in this context is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: voluntary
Target surface form: voluntary
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, <t>voluntary</t> and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:01:: | definition=of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled | examples=man is a voluntary agent; participation was voluntary
2. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:02:: | definition=controlled by individual volition | examples=voluntary motions; voluntary muscles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "...issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, *voluntary* and community organisations as well as service users."
    *   Target word: "voluntary" (adjective).
    *   Modifier: It modifies "organisations".
    *   Domain: Social policy, conference report, role of actors in society.
    *   Meaning in context: "Voluntary organisations" usually refers to non-profit organizations, charities, or groups formed by people acting on their own free will to help others, rather than government bodies (public authorities) or commercial enterprises. It contrasts with "public authorities" (government) and "social partners" (often unions/employers).

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `voluntary%3:00:01::`
        *   Definition: "of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled"
        *   Examples: "man is a voluntary agent", "participation was voluntary"
        *   Fit: This sense captures the essence of "voluntary organizations" being formed by choice, not by force or government mandate. People choose to participate or set them up. This is the standard collocation "voluntary sector" or "voluntary organization".
    *   **Sense 2:** `voluntary%3:00:02::`
        *   Definition: "controlled by individual volition"
        *   Examples: "voluntary motions", "voluntary muscles"
        *   Fit: This sense is physiological/biological, referring to muscles (striated muscles) or movements that are consciously controlled (like moving your arm), as opposed to involuntary muscles (like the heart or digestion). "Voluntary organizations" has nothing to do with physiology.

3.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context is about social structures/organizations.
    *   Sense 2 is biological (muscles/motion).
    *   Sense 1 is the general sense of "doing something by choice" or "non-compulsory".
    *   "Voluntary organisations" implies organizations set up by choice, often non-profit/charitable, fitting the definition "of your own free will or design".

    Sense 1 is clearly the correct fit. Sense 2 is irrelevant in this context.

4.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The index corresponds to the order provided.
    *   Sense 1 is index 1.
    *   Sense 2 is index 2.

    Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`.