[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%3:00:01:: | definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
2. sense_key=present%3:00:02:: | definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "present" in the context: "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is discussing a damaged p53 gene that exists/found in tissue from lung and breast cancers.
- The word "present" here means that this gene exists or can be found in that tissue.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=present%3:00:01:: - temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration. Examples: "the present leader"; "articles for present use"
   - This is the temporal "present" meaning "now" or "current."

2. sense_key=present%3:00:02:: - being or existing in a specified place. Examples: "the murderer is present in this room"; "present at the wedding"
   - This means existing or being located in a particular place.

In the context "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers," the word "present" clearly means that the gene exists or is found in the tissue. This is not a temporal usage - it's not about "now" vs. "past" or "future." Instead, it's about the gene being located in/existing in a specific place (the tissue from lung and breast cancers).

The second sense (sense_index 2) fits perfectly: "being or existing in a specified place." The example "the murderer is present in this room" is analogous to "the gene is present in tissue."

So the answer is sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: tissue
    *   Target surface form: tissue
    *   Context: Scientific/medical text discussing cancer research, genes (p53), and "tissue from lung and breast cancers".
    *   Candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: Biological tissue (aggregate of cells).
        *   Sense 2: Tissue paper (soft thin paper).
    *   Goal: Choose the single best indexed sense.
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text talks about "tumor", "cancer", "cells", "colon", "lung", "breast".
    *   Specific sentence: "...uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in **tissue** from lung and breast cancers."
    *   The word refers to biological material derived from organs (lungs, breasts) affected by disease.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function". This fits perfectly with the biological/medical context. Lung and breast tissue are aggregates of cells.
    *   Sense 2: "a soft thin (usually translucent) paper" (synonyms=tissue paper). This does not fit the context at all. One does not find damaged genes in tissue paper from lung cancers.

4.  **Determine the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the clear choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants JSON only: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

6.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Does "tissue from lung and breast cancers" refer to biological tissue? Yes.
    *   Does it refer to paper? No.
    *   Is Sense 1 the correct index? Yes.

7.  **Construct Final JSON:** `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "most"
    *   Target surface form: "most"
    *   Context snippet: "...Colon, lung and breast cancers are the **most** common and lethal forms of the disease..."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   Definition: used to form the superlative
        *   Synonyms: to the highest degree
        *   Examples: the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
        *   Analysis: "most common" is a standard superlative construction. It compares the commonness of colon, lung, and breast cancers to other forms of the disease. It fits the syntactic pattern "the + most + adjective".

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   Definition: very
        *   Examples: a most welcome relief
        *   Analysis: This sense is often used with a singular noun phrase or indefinite article (e.g., "a most interesting book"). In the context "the most common", it could *theoretically* mean "very common", but the structure "the most [adjective]" usually signals the superlative degree (Sense 1). If it were Sense 2, it usually implies a high degree but not necessarily the highest, often without direct comparison to a set. However, "the most common" clearly implies ranking these cancers against others in terms of frequency. Sense 1 is the primary definition for this grammatical function.

    *   **Sense 3:**
        *   Definition: (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but
        *   Synonyms: about, almost, nearly
        *   Examples: the job is (just) about done
        *   Analysis: This is the "almost" sense (e.g., "most everyone agreed"). The context here is "most common". It does not mean "almost common". That would be semantically nonsensical in this context (something is not "almost common and lethal" in the structure "the most common"). The word modifies "common", an adjective.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The phrase is "the most common".
    *   "Common" is an adjective.
    *   "Most" modifies "common" to indicate the superlative degree (highest degree of commonness).
    *   This matches Sense 1 exactly (used to form the superlative).

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Does it mean "almost"? No.
    *   Does it mean "very" (as in "a most unique situation")? While "the most common" can sometimes be hyperbolic for "very common", the context establishes a comparison ("forms of the disease") and refers to specific statistics (killing 200,000 Americans), suggesting a factual ranking (superlative). Even if it were Sense 2, Sense 1 is the standard grammatical definition for superlative adjectives.
    *   Standard superlative usage = Sense 1.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: "common".
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most **common** and lethal forms of the disease..."
3.  **Analyze the meaning in context**: Here, "common" means frequent, widespread, or prevalent. It refers to how often these types of cancers occur in the population. They are the most widespread/frequent forms of the disease.
4.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1 (community/whole)**: "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public". (e.g., common lands). This doesn't fit. These cancers aren't "public" in the sense of shared property.
    *   **Sense 2 (ordinary/average)**: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" (e.g., the common man). This is close because of "commonly encountered", but usually, when talking about diseases and frequency, we are looking for a sense specifically about prevalence or frequency. Let's look further. This sense often implies "generic" or "low status" or "typical of a group".
    *   **Sense 3 (shared)**: "common to or shared by two or more parties". (e.g., mutual interests). Not fitting. Colon, lung, and breast cancers aren't "shared" by parties.
    *   **Sense 4 (familiar/usual)**: "commonly encountered" (synonyms: usual). (e.g., a common complaint). This looks very promising. The definition "commonly encountered" fits the epidemiology context perfectly. The synonym "usual" applies, though "prevalent" would be a better synonym not listed. The examples "a common (or familiar) complaint" aligns well with medical/health contexts.
    *   **Sense 5 (vernacular)**: "being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 6 (lowborn)**: "of or associated with the great masses of people". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 7 (inferior)**: "of low or inferior quality or value". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 8 (unrefined)**: "lacking refinement...". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 9 (standard/expected)**: "to be expected; standard". (e.g., common decency). This refers more to social norms or behavior standards.

5.  **Differentiating Sense 2 and Sense 4**:
    *   Sense 2 definition: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". Examples: "the common man", "a common sailor".
    *   Sense 4 definition: "commonly encountered". Synonyms: "usual". Examples: "a common (or familiar) complaint".

    The usage here is "the most common ... forms of the disease".
    Is it Sense 2? Sense 2 often has a nuance of "ordinary" or "undistinguished" (e.g., distinguishing a common sailor from an officer).
    Is it Sense 4? Sense 4 focuses purely on frequency/encounter rate. "A common complaint" is the key example. Cancers are "common" in the sense that they are frequently encountered cases.
    In medical or statistical contexts, "common" usually maps to the concept of high frequency or prevalence.
    Sense 4's definition "commonly encountered" is the exact meaning of "frequent" or "prevalent" in this context. The example "a common complaint" (medical context) strengthens this alignment.
    Sense 2 is often used for people (common man) or things that are standard/generic, sometimes with a slight connotation of being undistinguished. While Sense 2 includes "widely known or commonly encountered", Sense 4 seems more specialized for the adjective functioning as a frequency marker (synonymous with "usual" or "familiar"). In WordNet hierarchies, adjectives are often organized by "pertaining to frequency".
    Let's check the relationships.
    Sense 2 is often "ordinary".
    Sense 4 is "familiar" (in the sense of often seen).
    The phrase "most common forms" implies frequency.
    WordNet 3.0 structure:
    `common%5:00:00:familiar:02` -> "commonly encountered".
    `common%3:00:01::` -> "having no special distinction... average or ordinary".
    The phrase "most common" creates a superlative of frequency. "These are the forms we encounter most often." This fits Sense 4 best. Sense 2 implies a lack of distinction (the common people vs the nobility, or a common mistake vs a unique one). While "common cold" or "common illness" fits Sense 4, Sense 2 feels slightly more "mundane".
    Let's look at the gloss for Sense 4 again: "commonly encountered". The target sentence says "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common...". This means they are the most commonly encountered.
    Let's check the examples for Sense 4: "a common (or familiar) complaint". This is a very strong match for the context of diseases/ailments.
    Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.

6.  **Final Verification**:
    Target: common.
    Context: types of cancer.
    Meaning: frequent/prevalent.
    Sense 4 definition: commonly encountered.
    Sense 4 example: a common complaint.
    Match: Excellent.

    Sense 2? Definition includes "commonly encountered" but examples are "common man", "common sailor". The primary nuance there is status or ordinariness vs specialness. Sense 4's primary nuance is frequency of encounter. Frequency is the relevant dimension for cancer statistics.

    Result: Sense 4.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "forms" (plural noun). The sentence is "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."
2.  **Analyze the meaning:** Here, "forms" refers to types, kinds, or varieties of cancer (the disease). It groups different cancers (colon, lung, breast) under the category of "the disease" (cancer). They are distinct varieties of the same general disease.
3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: Phonological/orthographic appearance of a word. (Incorrect - not about words).
    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". Synonyms: "kind, sort, variety". Examples: "sculpture is a form of art". This fits very well. "Colon cancer is a form of the disease" is analogous to "Sculpture is a form of art".
    *   Sense 3: Perceptual structure/pattern. (Incorrect - not about visual patterns).
    *   Sense 4: Spatial attributes/outline. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Human body. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: Spatial arrangement vs substance. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 7: Visual appearance. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 8: Printed document. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 9: Biology - group within species (variant/strain). While cancer is biological, "forms" here is used more generally to mean "types" or "variations" rather than a specific taxonomic rank like strain or var. (often used for microorganisms). Sense 2 is broader and fits "types of disease" better than Sense 9 (taxonomic variant).
    *   Sense 10: Arrangement of elements in composition. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 11: Particular mode of manifestation. (Close, but usually abstract like "form of hostility").
    *   Sense 12: Phase (matter). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 13: Body of students. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 14: Ability to perform. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 15: Mannequin. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 16: Mold for concrete. (Incorrect).

4.  **Comparison:**
    *   Sense 2: "kind, sort, variety". "most common and lethal kinds/varieties of the disease". This aligns perfectly with the context.
    *   Sense 9: "variant, strain". While cancer types are variants, Sense 2 captures the general categorization usage better. "Forms of the disease" maps to "forms of art" (Sense 2).

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the best fit.

6.  **Formatting:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kill
Target surface form: killing
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
2. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: | definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: | definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: | definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
5. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: | definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: | definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: | definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: | definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: | definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night
12. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: | definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: | definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: | definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "killing" in the context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."
Here, "killing" means causing the death of people (Americans) by disease. It is not an intentional act, but rather the effect of the disease.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. kill%2:35:00:: - cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly. (Intentionally, not suitable for disease)
2. kill%2:41:01:: - thwart the passage of
3. kill%2:30:08:: - end or extinguish by forceful means
4. kill%2:42:00:: - be fatal. Examples: cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills. (This is for inanimate subjects without an intentional agent, like "cigarettes kill", but here it says "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans", which means it causes the death of 200,000 Americans.)
9. kill%2:35:02:: - deprive of life. Example: AIDS has killed thousands in Africa.
10. kill%2:35:01:: - cause the death of, without intention. Example: She was killed in the collision of three cars.

Let's compare 4, 9, and 10.
Sense 4: "be fatal". "cigarettes kill". This usually means they are capable of killing. "killing almost 200,000 Americans" is an active verb with a specific direct object, expressing the actual occurrence of deaths.
Sense 9: "deprive of life". Example: "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa". This matches perfectly with diseases killing people.
Sense 10: "cause the death of, without intention". Example: "She was killed in the collision of three cars". This usually applies to accidents.

Let's look at Sense 9: definition=deprive of life; examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa. The context is about cancer killing Americans. "AIDS has killed thousands" is very similar to "cancers... killing almost 200,000 Americans".
Sense 4 is "be fatal", which is more of an inherent property ("cigarettes kill") rather than the actual act of depriving people of life.
Sense 9 is "deprive of life" with the example "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa", which matches the context of a disease causing deaths.
Wait, let me double-check Sense 10: "cause the death of, without intention". Usually used for accidents.
So Sense 9 seems to be the best fit. Let me review the sense keys and indices.
1 = kill%2:35:00:: (intentional)
9 = kill%2:35:02:: (deprive of life, e.g., AIDS)
10 = kill%2:35:01:: (cause death without intention, e.g., car collision)

The example for 9 is "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa". The context is "cancers ... collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year". This is an exact match in domain (disease killing people).

Therefore, the index is 9.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: Americans
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "american"
    *   Target surface form: "Americans"
    *   Context snippet: "...Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain..."
    *   Key phrases: "killing almost 200,000 Americans a year", "laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `american%1:18:00::` | definition="a native or inhabitant of the United States".
    *   Sense 2: `american%1:10:00::` | definition="the English language as used in the United States".
    *   Sense 3: `american%1:18:01::` | definition="a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country".

3.  **Evaluate Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: Language.
    *   Context: "killing almost 200,000 [Language] a year".
    *   Fit: Diseases kill people, not languages. This sense is semantically incompatible with the verb "killing" in this context.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 3:**
    *   Definition: Native/inhabitant of the Americas (North, Central, South).
    *   Context: The text mentions labs in the "U.S., Canada and Britain". While the disease kills people in the Americas generally, the specific statistic "200,000 Americans a year" in an article written in English (likely US-based given the focus on Dr. Dryja and specific US-centric medical reporting style) usually refers to the specific country of the United States when quoting specific mortality statistics like this. In US English, "Americans" almost exclusively refers to US citizens/residents. If the text meant the continent, it would likely specify "people in the Americas". The distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 3 is often the hardest in WSD for this lemma, but the usage in US media (implied by the context) aligns with Sense 1.

5.  **Evaluate Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: A native or inhabitant of the United States.
    *   Context: The statistic "200,000 Americans" is a standard demographic statistic found in US health reporting. The mention of "U.S., Canada and Britain" distinguishes the US from other countries. The phrase "Americans" is used here to denote the population of the United States specifically, which is the standard usage in American English texts. The number 200,000 aligns with annual cancer mortality statistics for the US population for that era (late 80s/early 90s context implied by "1986").

6.  **Comparison:**
    *   Sense 2 is impossible (wrong part of speech/semantic type).
    *   Sense 3 is the broader "pan-American" sense. While technically people in Canada are also North Americans, the specific statistic "200,000" and the usage in the sentence ("killing almost 200,000 Americans") refers to the standard national demonym for the United States. If it included Canada and South America, the number would be much higher or the text would need to clarify. In standard US English usage (which the text represents), "Americans" = Sense 1.

7.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct sense for "Americans" in this context.

8.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** year
    *   **Context:** A text about cancer research and statistics ( "...collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>." ).
    *   **Candidate Senses:**
        1.  Period of 365/366 days (calendar year/twelvemonth).
        2.  Part of a calendar year used for particular activity (school year).
        3.  Astronomical period (planet revolution).
        4.  Body of students (graduating class).

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."
    *   The phrase "a year" here refers to a frequency or a rate per unit of time.
    *   This unit of time is the standard calendar year (365 days).
    *   It means "annually" or "per year".

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (year%1:28:01::)*: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days". Synonyms: twelvemonth, yr. Examples: "she is 4 years old", "in the year 1920".
        *   *Fit:* This matches the usage. "200,000 Americans a year" means "200,000 Americans per period of 365 days". It fits the standard measurement of time.

    *   *Sense 2 (year%1:28:02::)*: "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity".
        *   *Fit:* No. The context is mortality statistics, not a school year or tax year.

    *   *Sense 3 (year%1:28:00::)*: "the period of time that it takes for a planet... to make a complete revolution around the sun".
        *   *Fit:* While technically true that an Earth year is a revolution, WordNet distinguishes between the *calendar/civil* definition (Sense 1) and the *astronomical* definition (Sense 3). The context is social statistics (American deaths), not astronomy or planetary orbits. Sense 1 is the standard civil time sense used for counting statistics. Sense 3 examples involve Mars or distinct planetary contexts.

    *   *Sense 4 (year%1:14:00::)*: "a body of students who graduate together".
        *   *Fit:* No. This refers to a cohort of people, not a time period.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition for the standard unit of time used in frequency rates ("a year" = "per annum"). It is the general time period sense.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen sense is index 1.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the mapping of sense indices.
    *   Sense 1: year%1:28:01:: (period of 365 days).
    *   Sense 2: year%1:28:02:: (part of a year for activity).
    *   Sense 3: year%1:28:00:: (astronomical year).
    *   Sense 4: year%1:14:00:: (body of students).

    The phrase "a year" in "200,000 Americans a year" refers to the standard time unit (365 days).
    Does this fall under Sense 1 or Sense 3?
    WordNet 3.0 (or similar versions) usually split "year" into:
    1. *year* (a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days); "she is 4 years old"; "in the year 1920") -> This is the civil/calendar sense.
    2. *year, twelvemonth, yr* -> usually synonymous with sense 1 in some versions, but let's look at the provided definitions carefully.

    Provided Definition 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days". Synonyms: twelvemonth, yr. Examples: "she is 4 years old", "in the year 1920".
    Provided Definition 3: "the period of time that it takes for a planet... to make a complete revolution...". Examples: "a Martian year...".

    "200,000 Americans a year" refers to the civil calendar year concept (or just the duration of a year). Sense 1 is the closest match for general usage involving dates or durations in human contexts. Sense 3 is specifically astronomical.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Sense Index: 1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. <t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and form:** The target lemma is "right". The surface form is "Right", appearing at the beginning of a sentence ("Right now...").

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "<t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Phrase usage: "Right now".
    *   Meaning in context: The phrase "Right now" indicates the present moment, immediately, or currently. It serves as a temporal marker.

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   1. `sense_key=right%4:02:04::` | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
        *   *Analysis:* "Right now" could be analyzed as "exactly now", but the idiomatic meaning is usually "immediately" or "at this moment". "Stand right here" emphasizes location precision. Let's compare with other options.

    *   2. `sense_key=right%4:02:08::` | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
        *   *Analysis:* "Right after dinner" means immediately after dinner. "Right now" means immediately (at this moment). This seems very close. It indicates temporal proximity or immediacy.

    *   3. `sense_key=right%4:02:09::` | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
        *   *Analysis:* This seems to focus on the manner (like "flop"). Not relevant here.

    *   4. `sense_key=right%4:02:03::` | definition=toward or on the right...
        *   *Analysis:* Directional. Irrelevant.

    *   5. `sense_key=right%4:02:01::` | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly...
        *   *Analysis:* Means "correctly". Not relevant here.

    *   6. `sense_key=right%4:02:00::` | definition=an interjection expressing agreement
        *   *Analysis:* Discourse marker. Not relevant here (it's part of a temporal adverbial phrase).

    *   7. `sense_key=right%4:02:07::` | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
        *   *Analysis:* Used for emphasis or completion. "Right now" could be seen as "completely now"? No, usually temporal.

    *   8. `sense_key=right%4:02:06::` | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very...
        *   *Analysis:* Regional intensifier. Not relevant.

    *   9. `sense_key=right%4:02:05::` | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards
        *   *Analysis:* Moral correctness. Irrelevant.

    *   10. `sense_key=right%4:02:02::` | definition=in an accurate manner
        *   *Analysis:* Means "correctly". Irrelevant.

4.  **Deep Dive into the best candidates (1 vs 2):**

    *   Sense 1: definition="precisely, exactly". Example: "stand right here".
    *   Sense 2: definition="immediately". Example: "she called right after dinner".

    *   *Context:* "Right now".
    *   *Interpretation:* Does it mean "precisely at this moment" or "immediately"?
    *   In many dictionaries, "right now" is defined as "at this exact moment" or "immediately".
    *   Let's look at WordNet 3.0 structure (which these indices usually map to).
    *   Sense 1 (right%4:02:04) usually covers "right here", "right there" (spatial/temporal exactness).
    *   Sense 2 (right%4:02:08) covers "right after", "right away".

    *   Let's check the specific mapping for "right now".
    *   If I say "Right now, I am working", it means "At this exact moment" (Sense 1 - precisely/exactly).
    *   If I say "I want it right now!", it implies "immediately" (Sense 2 - immediately).
    *   The context here: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..." describes the current state of affairs. "At this moment".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "precisely, exactly". "Right now" = "Precisely at this moment".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "immediately". "Right now" = "Immediately". While "right now" implies immediacy relative to the time of speaking, the function is often locative in time (exact time) rather than sequential (like "right after").

    *   Let's look at the examples provided in the prompt again.
    *   Sense 1 example: "stand right here!" (Spatial precision).
    *   Sense 2 example: "she called right after dinner" (Sequential immediacy).

    *   Usage of "Right now": It acts as a temporal location adverb.
    *   "Right here" (Sense 1) parallels "Right now" (Sense 1). "Right now" locates the time precisely. "Right after" (Sense 2) locates the event sequence.
    *   Is "Right now" closer to "Stand right here" (exact location) or "Called right after" (sequence)?
    *   Usually, "right now" is treated as "at this exact moment". This aligns with "precisely, exactly" (Sense 1).
    *   Let's verify if there is a specific "right now" sense. No, we must choose from the list.
    *   Between Sense 1 ("precisely, exactly") and Sense 2 ("immediately").
    *   In the context "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing...", the author is setting the temporal scene. "At this precise moment".
    *   If the sentence were "Do it right now!", Sense 2 ("immediately") would be strong.
    *   However, "Right now" as a temporal discourse marker often stresses the *current* nature of the fact, fitting "precisely/exactly" (Sense 1).
    *   Let's check WordNet 3.0 data for `right%4:02:04` (precisely, exactly).
        *   WN 3.0 definition: "precisely, exactly".
        *   WN 3.0 examples: "stand right here!"; "I waited right until the last minute".
    *   Let's check WordNet 3.0 data for `right%4:02:08` (immediately).
        *   WN 3.0 definition: "immediately".
        *   WN 3.0 examples: "she called right after dinner".

    *   Which one fits "Right now" better?
    *   "Right now" -> "Exactly now". This makes sense.
    *   "Right now" -> "Immediately now". This is tautological ("immediately" often implies "now"). But "right after" is a clear sequence.
    *   Most lexicographers assign "right" in "right now" to the sense meaning "exactly" or "just" (restrictive/precise focus). "It's right here", "It's right now".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 ("precisely, exactly") is the better fit for the locative temporal phrase "Right now" describing the current state, distinct from the sequential urgency of Sense 2 ("immediately" usually used with verbs of action or sequence).

    *   Let's double check Sense 7 ("completely"). "She felt right at home". This is an intensifier. "Right now" is not typically an intensifier of "now" (it doesn't make "now" more complete).

    *   Decision: Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sentence: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..."
    *   Meaning: "At this precise moment".
    *   This aligns with Sense 1 (precisely, exactly). The example "stand right here" confirms usage with deictic locatives (here, now). Sense 2 is used with temporal prepositions/conjunctions ("right after", "right away").
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *   Wait, let me check if Sense 2 covers "right now".
    *   Cambridge Dictionary: "right now: at this exact moment".
    *   "Right" modifies "now". "Now" is the reference point. "Right" means "exactly".
    *   Compare: "Right after". "After" establishes a sequence. "Right" means "immediately" (no gap).
    *   "Right now". "Now" establishes the time. "Right" means "exactly" (no deviation).
    *   So, Sense 1.

    Let's check Sense 1's index number.
    1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!

    Yes, this is the standard assignment for "right" modifying "here", "there", "now".

    Final check:
    Target: "Right" in "Right now".
    Definition: Precisely, exactly.
    Example matches: "Stand right here" parallels "Right now".
    Sense 2 "Immediately" fits "Right after dinner" or "Right away". While "Right now" implies urgency in imperatives ("Do it right now!"), here it is a declarative statement about the current state. "At this exact moment".
    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    Result: Sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target lemma is "now" (adverb). The surface form is "now".
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors." (Past to present timeline).
    *   "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986." (Past event).
    *   "Then last spring..." (Past event).
    *   "Soon after that report..." (Past event).
    *   "Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories... are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   The phrase is "Right now".
    *   The sentence describes the current state of affairs regarding scientific research. "About a dozen laboratories... are racing...".
    *   The timeframe is the present moment relative to the time of writing.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (now%4:02:05::):** "in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events".
        *   Examples: "President Kennedy now calls in..."
        *   Context: The text is not narrating a historical event in the "historical present" tense. It is describing the current status of scientific research. This doesn't fit.

    *   **Sense 2 (now%4:02:00::):** "in these times; - Nancy Mitford".
        *   Synonyms: nowadays, today.
        *   Examples: "upper classes nowadays are distinguished..."
        *   Context: While the text talks about "these times" generally, the specific phrase "Right now" combined with "are racing" emphasizes the immediate present activity rather than a general era. "Right now" usually points to the specific moment. Let's compare with Sense 4.

    *   **Sense 3 (now%4:02:02::):** "used to preface a command or reproof or request".
        *   Examples: "now hear this!"
        *   Context: Not a command. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4 (now%4:02:04::):** "at the present moment".
        *   Synonyms: at present.
        *   Examples: "goods now on sale"; "the now-aging dictator".
        *   Context: The phrase "Right now" acts as a temporal adverb modifying the verb phrase "about a dozen laboratories... are racing". It pinpoints the specific present moment. It distinguishes the current activity from the past discoveries mentioned earlier in the paragraph. "At the present moment" is a very strong fit for "Right now".

    *   **Sense 5 (now%4:02:01::):** "without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening".
        *   Synonyms: immediately, instantly.
        *   Context: Is it saying laboratories are racing *immediately*? Or is it saying *at this moment* laboratories are racing? The context is descriptive of the current state, not emphasizing the speed of initiation after a trigger (though "racing" implies speed, "now" locates the time of the race, not the immediacy of the start). The phrase "Right now" strongly leans towards "at this very moment" (Sense 4) rather than "immediately" (Sense 5). "Right now" implies "at this instant".
        *   Let's look at the distinction between Sense 4 and Sense 5 in WordNet.
        *   Sense 4: "at the present moment".
        *   Sense 5: "without delay... immediately".
        *   Example for Sense 5: "he answered immediately".
        *   Context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing". This is a statement of fact about the current situation. It isn't saying "Start racing now!". It is saying "Currently, labs are racing".
        *   There is some overlap between Sense 2 ("in these times") and Sense 4 ("at the present moment"). Sense 2 usually collocates with general states over a period (nowadays). Sense 4 is more specific to the moment. "Right now" is a standard collocation for Sense 4.

    *   **Sense 6 (now%4:02:07::):** "indicates a change of subject".
        *   Context: No, the subject is continuous (cancer research).

    *   **Sense 7 (now%4:02:06::):** "in the immediate past".
        *   Context: No, refers to the present.

4.  **Refine the choice between Sense 2 and Sense 4.**
    *   Sense 2: "in these times" (nowadays). Example: "We now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles". This implies a general trend over the current era.
    *   Sense 4: "at the present moment". Example: "goods now on sale".
    *   The context: "Right **now** about a dozen laboratories... are racing".
    *   The modifier "Right" intensifies the temporal focus. "Right now" equates to "at this very moment" or "at present". It is more specific than "nowadays". It contrasts with the past events listed before (1986, last spring). The contrast is: Past Event -> Past Event -> Current Moment. This aligns perfectly with Sense 4 "at the present moment".

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Sentence: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..."
    *   Definition: "at the present moment".
    *   Does it fit? Yes.
    *   Does Sense 2 fit? "Right nowadays..."? No. "In these times... about a dozen laboratories... are racing". It's grammatically possible but "Right now" strongly selects for the specific moment sense (Sense 4).
    *   Does Sense 5 fit? "Right immediately..."? No. The usage is stative/temporal location, not manner/immediacy of action trigger. "Right now" = "Currently".

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
1. >about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence discusses a specific number of laboratories: "a dozen". The phrase "about a dozen" modifies the noun phrase "a dozen laboratories". It indicates an approximation of the count.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct". Synonyms: approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less. Examples: "lasted approximately an hour".
        *   *Match:* This fits perfectly. The context involves a quantity ("a dozen laboratories"), and "about" is used to indicate an approximation.

    *   **Sense 2:** "all around or on all sides". Synonyms: around. Examples: "dirty clothes lying around".
        *   *Match:* No. This refers to spatial location surrounding something.

    *   3:** "in the area or vicinity". Synonyms: around. Examples: "a few spectators standing about".
        *   *Match:* No. This refers to location.

    *   **Sense 4:** "used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction". Synonyms: around. Examples: "wandering about".
        *   *Match:* No. This refers to movement.

    *   **Sense 5:** "in or to a reversed position or direction". Synonyms: around. Examples: "about face".
        *   *Match:* No. This refers to direction/orientation.

    *   **Sense 6:** "in rotation or succession". Examples: "turn about is fair play".
        *   *Match:* No. This is idiomatic.

    *   **Sense 7:** "(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but". Synonyms: almost, most, nearly. Examples: "the job is (just) about done".
        *   *Match:* No. This refers to the degree of completion of an action (e.g., "about to leave", "about done"), not a numerical quantity.

4.  ** correct choice because "about" is modifying the numerical quantity "a dozen", meaning "approximately".

5.  **Format the output:** The user requested a JSON object with the key "sense_index". Since sense 1 is the first item in the list, the index is 1.

    Note: The prompt asks to choose the "single best indexed sense". Usually, lists are 1-indexed in natural language instructions unless specified otherwise. The candidate senses are numbered 1 through 7.

    Result: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 7. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `about`
    *   Context sentence: "Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense from the provided list (1-7).
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": N}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The phrase is "about a dozen laboratories".
    *   Grammatical function: Adverb modifying the numeral/quantifier phrase "a dozen".
    *   Meaning: The number of laboratories is not exactly twelve, but close to it. It's an estimation of quantity.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `about%4:02:00::`
        *   Definition: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct"
        *   Synonyms: approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less
        *   Examples: "lasted approximately an hour", "in just about a minute"
        *   *Analysis:* This matches perfectly. The context involves a quantity ("a dozen") and the meaning is "approximately".

    *   **Sense 2:** `about%4:02:06::`
        *   Definition: "all around or on all sides"
        *   Synonyms: around
        *   Examples: "dirty clothes lying around (or about)"
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to spatial location surrounding something. Not applicable to a number.

    *   **Sense 3:** `about%4:02:01::`
        *   Definition: "in the area or vicinity"
        *   Synonyms: around
        *   Examples: "a few spectators standing about"
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to spatial vicinity. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 4:** `about%4:02:04::`
        *   Definition: "used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction"
        *   Synonyms: around
        *   Examples: "wandering about"
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to movement. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 5:** `about%4:02:02::`
        *   Definition: "in or to a reversed position or direction"
        *   Synonyms: around
        *   Examples: "about face"
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to rotation/direction. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 6:** `about%4:02:03::`
        *   Definition: "in rotation or succession"
        *   Examples: "turn about is fair play"
        *   *Analysis:* Refers to sequence/rotation. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 7:** `about%4:02:05::`
        *   Definition: "(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but"
        *   Synonyms: almost, most, nearly
        *   Examples: "the job is (just) about done"
        *   *Analysis:* This means "almost" regarding an action/state (aspectual). While "about a dozen" *could* loosely be interpreted as "almost a dozen" in some contexts, the standard definition for modifying quantities is Sense 1. "About a dozen" usually means roughly 12 (could be 11, 12, 13), whereas Sense 7 implies "nearly" (less than). However, the primary definition of Sense 1 is explicitly "(of quantities)...", which fits the syntactic slot of modifying "a dozen".

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice for quantifying approximations.

5.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   Must be `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: laboratory
Target surface form: laboratories
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=laboratory%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace for the conduct of scientific research | synonyms=lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory
2. sense_key=laboratory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | synonyms=testing ground | examples=the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories; Pakistan is a laboratory for studying the use of American troops to combat terrorism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "laboratory", and the surface form is "laboratories" (plural). The sentence context is: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses scientific research (scientists, Dr. Dryja, researchers, gene p53, tumor-suppressing genes).
    *   The "laboratories" are located in specific countries (U.S., Canada, Britain).
    *   The activity occurring in these places is "racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   This implies physical locations where scientists work to conduct experiments and research.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a workplace for the conduct of scientific research". Synonyms: lab, research lab, etc. This fits the physical location aspect and the scientific research activity described in the text.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation". Synonyms: testing ground. Examples: "the new nation is a testing ground...", "Pakistan is a laboratory...". This sense is usually metaphorical, referring to a country, region, or situation used for testing theories or policies, rather than a specific room or building where scientists work.

4.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   The context mentions "about a dozen laboratories" located in countries. These are entities capable of "racing" (metonymy for the people inside them) to find genes.
    *   The activities are concrete scientific experiments on genetics.
    *   Sense 1 denotes the physical facility for scientific work.
    *   Sense 2 denotes a region used for experimentation (usually social/political or large-scale field testing, often metaphorical).
    *   The text refers to specific research facilities ("about a dozen") involved in high-level genetic research. This matches Sense 1 perfectly. Sense 2 is incorrect because the text is not referring to a region or country as a "testing ground" for theories, but rather actual research labs.

5.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1 is the correct choice. It describes the physical workplace for scientific research, which aligns with scientists racing to unmask genes.

6.  **Format the output:** The user requested a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`. Since the correct sense is the first one listed, the index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: u.s.
Target surface form: U.S.
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the <t>U.S.</t>, Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** `u.s.` (adjective or noun, usually functioning as a noun phrase modifier or noun in this context).
    *   **Target Surface Form:** `U.S.`
    *   **Context:** "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   **Syntactic Role:** It is part of a prepositional phrase "in the U.S., Canada and Britain". It is listing locations/places where laboratories are situated.
    *   **Semantics:** It refers to a geographical entity/country, parallel to "Canada" and "Britain".

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `u.s.%1:14:00::` -> Definition: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States". Synonyms: United States government, United States, U.S. government.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the governing body or the state apparatus. While often used interchangeably in casual speech, usually "in the U.S." refers to the geographical location, not the abstract concept of the government branches. You wouldn't say "laboratories are in the government" usually, though you might say "funded by the government". Here, the list includes Canada and Britain (countries/places).
    *   **Sense 2:** `us%1:15:00::` (Note: the lemma for this sense key is likely "United States" or similar in WordNet, but mapped here for the target). -> Definition: "North American republic containing 50 states...". Synonyms: United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the country/nation/geographical entity. The context lists "U.S., Canada and Britain". Canada and Britain are countries/locations. Therefore, the sense referring to the country fits best.

3.  **Compare and Disambiguate:**
    *   The context lists locations: "in the U.S., Canada and Britain".
    *   "Canada" and "Britain" are countries.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the "government" (political organization).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the "republic" / country / geographical entity.
    *   Laboratories exist in physical locations (countries).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   I need to index based on the list provided in the prompt.
    *   Sense 1 is index 1.
    *   Sense 2 is index 2.

    Wait, let me double-check the indices in the prompt.
    The prompt lists:
    1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: ...
    2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: ...

    My choice is the second one (the country).

    JSON output: `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: race
Target surface form: racing
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=race%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. sense_key=race%2:33:00:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=run | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
3. sense_key=race%2:41:03:: | definition=to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others | examples=We are racing to find a cure for AIDS
4. sense_key=race%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=rush | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "racing" used in the context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. race%2:38:00:: - move fast (synonyms: rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, pelt along). Examples focus on physical movement.
2. race%2:33:00:: - compete in a race (synonyms: run). Examples are about literal races (Marathon).
3. race%2:41:03:: - to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others. Example: "We are racing to find a cure for AIDS". This matches the context perfectly ("racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes").
4. race%2:38:10:: - cause to move fast.

Sense 3 is the exact match for this context (working as fast as possible towards a goal, specifically finding a cure/gene, and sometimes in competition with others). The example "We are racing to find a cure for AIDS" is extremely similar to "racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes".

So the index is 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "other" and the surface form is "other" in the phrase "...unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses cancer research.
    *   It mentions two cancer-suppressors found so far (retinoblastoma gene by Dr. Dryja, and p53 gene found by researchers).
    *   It mentions that "two *other* research teams" found evidence about p53 (this usage is similar to the target).
    *   The target sentence is: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   This follows a listing of genes already found (retinoblastoma gene, p53). The "other" genes are the ones *not already mentioned or found* in the context of the previous discoveries. They are additional, distinct entities from the ones already discussed.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied`.
        *   Definition matches the context perfectly. The "other" genes are not the ones already identified (retinoblastoma and p53).
        *   Examples: "today isn't any other day" (different days), "highways and other public works" (distinct from highways).
        *   This sense is the standard determiner/adjective usage meaning "additional" or "different from the one(s) mentioned".

    *   **Sense 2:** `recently past`.
        *   Definition: "the other evening".
        *   Context: "unmask other suspected..." -> "other" modifies "suspected tumor-suppressing genes".
        *   Is it referring to time? No. It refers to additional genes.
        *   Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `belonging to the distant past`.
        *   Synonyms: early, former.
        *   Context: Again, the target refers to additional genes, not past genes in a historical sense (though genes are biological, the sense here is about the set of objects currently being discussed).
        *   Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected`.
        *   Definition: "a strange, other dimension".
        *   Context: While the genes might be scientifically interesting, the usage here is not to say they are "strange" or "metaphysical". It is quantifying them relative to the previously mentioned genes.
        *   Incorrect.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the clear choice. It captures the additive/exclusionary relationship between the set of genes already found and the set of genes yet to be found.

5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. Since I selected Sense 1, the index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have <t>about</t> seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `about`
    *   Context sentence: "They have <t>about</t> seven candidates."
    *   Full context: The text discusses cancer research, specifically tumor-suppressing genes. The specific sentence says that researchers have roughly seven candidates (genes) identified.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct`
        *   Synonyms: approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less.
        *   Examples: lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute.
        *   Analysis: This sense deals with numbers/quantities. The context "about seven candidates" involves a number ("seven"). The meaning is clearly that the number is close to seven, perhaps not exactly seven, but roughly seven.

    *   **Sense 2:** `all around or on all sides`
        *   Synonyms: around.
        *   Examples: dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help.
        *   Analysis: This describes position relative to a center. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 3:** `in the area or vicinity`
        *   Synonyms: around.
        *   Examples: a few spectators standing about; hanging around.
        *   Analysis: This describes location. Not applicable to "about seven".

    *   **Sense 4:** `used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction`
        *   Synonyms: around.
        *   Examples: wandering about with no place to go.
        *   Analysis: This describes movement. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5:** `in or to a reversed position or direction`
        *   Synonyms: around.
        *   Examples: about face.
        *   Analysis: This describes direction/reversal. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6:** `in rotation or succession`
        *   Examples: turn about is fair play.
        *   Analysis: Idiomatic usage. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 7:** `(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but`
        *   Synonyms: almost, nearly, virtually.
        *   Examples: the job is (just) about done.
        *   Analysis: This sense indicates degree of completion (e.g., "about finished"). While it involves estimation like Sense 1, Sense 1 is specifically for *quantities* (numbers), whereas Sense 7 is for *actions* or *states*. The context here is a quantity ("seven").

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The phrase is "about seven candidates".
    *   "Seven" is a quantity/number.
    *   Sense 1 is defined as "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct".
    *   This matches perfectly.

4.  **Determine the sense index:**
    *   The list is numbered 1 through 7.
    *   The matching sense is the first one listed.
    *   Therefore, the index is 1.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   Return JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.