[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were <t>compared</t> with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *compare*
    *   Target surface form: *compared*
    *   Context: "The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone."
    *   Domain: Medical/Scientific study.
    *   Meaning in context: The study looked at two groups (Alimta+cisplatin vs cisplatin alone) to see which worked better or how they differed. It implies an examination or analysis to find differences or similarities in efficacy (effects).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `compare%2:31:00::` | Definition: "examine and note the similarities or differences of" | Examples: "John compared his haircut to his friend's"; "We compared notes..."
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on the act of examining two things to see how they relate (similarities/differences). In the context of a clinical trial, the "effects" are being examined to note differences in efficacy. This fits the scientific method of comparison.

    *   **Sense 2:** `compare%2:42:00::` | Definition: "be comparable" | Examples: "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes"
        *   *Analysis:* This is a stative sense, often used with negation or to claim equivalence/bearing comparison. "This doesn't compare to that." The context is not saying "Alimta bears comparison with cisplatin"; it's saying the researchers performed a comparison. The passive voice "were compared" indicates an action done by the researchers, not a state of the drugs themselves.

    *   **Sense 3:** `compare%2:31:01::` | Definition: "consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous" | Synonyms: liken, equate | Examples: "We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans"
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies asserting a similarity or analogy. "Comparing X to Y" in the sense of saying X is like Y. In the context, the study isn't asserting that Alimta is *like* cisplatin (analogy); it is measuring the effects of both to see the difference (superiority/non-inferiority). It is an examination, not a metaphorical equation.

    *   **Sense 4:** `compare%2:32:00::` | Definition: "to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb"
        *   *Analysis:* Grammatical/linguistic sense. Irrelevant here.

3.  **Distinguish Sense 1 vs. Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is about *examining* (looking at similarities/differences).
    *   Sense 3 is about *describing as similar* (likening).
    *   The medical context ("The effects... were compared") describes a methodology of analysis. The researchers analyzed the data from both groups. They weren't saying "Alimta is analogous to cisplatin." They were determining the differential effects. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct fit.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

5.  **Formatting:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the <t>treatment</t> of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** `treatment`
    *   **Target surface form:** `treatment`
    *   **Context:** The text describes a medical drug named "Alimta" (pemetrexed). It explains its mechanism (cytotoxic, antimetabolites) and then discusses clinical studies. Specifically, it mentions "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma" and "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer".
    *   **Usage:** The word "treatment" is used to describe the medical intervention applied to patients with specific diseases (mesothelioma and lung cancer).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   *Definition:* care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)
        *   *Synonyms:* intervention
        *   *Fit:* This definition explicitly mentions "medical procedures" and "relieve illness or injury". The context is entirely about a medicine used to treat cancer. This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   *Definition:* the management of someone or something
        *   *Synonyms:* handling
        *   *Examples:* the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
        *   *Fit:* This sense usually refers to processing something (like water) or managing people (like prisoners). While cancer treatment manages a disease, the specific phrase "treatment of [disease]" is usually Sense 1 (medical intervention). Sense 2 is more about administrative handling or processing. Medical "treatment" falls under Sense 1.

    *   **Sense 3:**
        *   *Definition:* a manner of dealing with something artistically
        *   *Examples:* his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
        *   *Fit:* This is about art, style, or aesthetic interpretation. The context is clinical/medical, not artistic.

    *   **Sense 4:**
        *   *Definition:* an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic
        *   *Synonyms:* discussion, discourse
        *   *Examples:* ...his treatment of the race question...
        *   *Fit:* This is about discussing a topic in writing or speech. The context refers to administering a drug, not writing an essay or discussion.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for medical care/intervention.
    *   The context explicitly discusses medical studies, chemotherapy, and the effects of the medicine on patients.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   Return JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: `cell`
    *   Surface form: `cell`
    *   Context snippet: "...non-small cell lung cancer..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses "Alimta", "pemetrexed", "cytotoxic medicine", "cancer cells", "DNA and RNA", "genetic material of cells".
    *   The specific phrase containing the target is: "non-small cell lung cancer".
    *   This is a medical/biological context referring to biological cells in the body, specifically cancerous or lung cells.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   1. `cell%1:06:03::` - "any small compartment" (e.g., honeycomb). Too general. While biological cells are compartments, this sense usually refers to non-living structural compartments.
    *   2. `cell%1:03:00::` - "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms..." This is the biological definition. The context talks about "cancer cells", "genetic material of cells", and "lung cancer". The phrase "non-small cell lung cancer" refers to the morphology of the biological cells (specifically lung carcinoma cells).
    *   3. `cell%1:06:00::` - "device that delivers an electric current" (battery). Irrelevant.
    *   4. `cell%1:14:00::` - "small unit serving as part of... a political movement". Irrelevant.
    *   5. `cell%1:06:04::` - "hand-held mobile radiotelephone" (mobile phone). Irrelevant.
    *   6. `cell%1:06:02::` - "small room in which a monk or nun lives". Irrelevant.
    *   7. `cell%1:06:01::` - "room where a prisoner is kept". Irrelevant.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context is clearly biological. The phrase "non-small cell lung cancer" describes a type of cancer based on the appearance of the biological cells under a microscope.
    *   Sense 2 defines the biological cell.
    *   Sense 1 is a hypernym of Sense 2 in some ontologies, but WordNet distinguishes them specifically. Sense 1 is usually for non-biological compartments or structural voids. Sense 2 is explicitly marked as "(biology)".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen index is 2.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effect
Target surface form: effects
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the <t>effects</t> of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: | definition=an outward appearance | synonyms=impression | examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success
3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: | definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived) | examples=he just did it for effect
4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist
5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a law) having legal validity | synonyms=force | examples=the law is still in effect
6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug | examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   Lemma: effect
    *   Surface form: effects (plural noun)
    *   Context: The text discusses a medicine called Alimta (pemetrexed). It mentions how it works (mechanism of action), but specifically focuses on clinical studies comparing Alimta with other drugs (cisplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine).
    *   Specific sentence: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel..."
    *   Meaning in context: Here, "effects" refers to the results or outcomes of the treatment. Specifically, in clinical trials, "effects" usually refers to efficacy (how well it works) and/or side effects (adverse reactions), but in the context of comparing treatments, it generally points to the observable outcomes/results of the drug's action. The text compares "effects" to see which drug works better or has different outcomes.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (effect%1:19:00::):* Definition: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon". Synonyms: consequence, outcome, result. Examples: "the magnetic effect...", "his decision had depressing consequences".
        *   Evaluation: This fits very well. The "effects of Alimta" are the results or outcomes of the treatment (tumor shrinkage, survival rates, etc.). These are phenomena following". Synonyms: impression.
        *   Evaluation: Doesn't fit. This is about aesthetic appearance (e.g., special effects, visual effects).

    *   *Sense 3 (effect%1:09:00::):* Definition: "an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived)". Example: "he just did it for effect".
        *   Evaluation: Doesn't fit. This is about dramatic effect or style.

    *   *Sense 4 (effect%1:10:00::):* Definition: "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work". Synonyms: essence, burden.
        *   Evaluation: Doesn't fit. This refers to the "gist" of a communication.

    *   *Sense 5 (effect%1:07:01::):* Definition: "(of a law) having legal validity". Synonyms: force. Example: "the law fit. This refers to being "in effect" (active/enforced), not the plural noun "effects" as outcomes.

    *   *Sense 6 (effect%1:26:00::):* Definition: "a symptom caused by an illness or a drug". Examples: "the effects of sleep loss", "the effect of the anesthetic".
        *   Evaluation: This is a strong contender because the context is pharmaceuticals/drugs. Often "effects" in a medical context refers to side effects or pharmacological effects.
        *   However, let's look closely at the distinction between Sense 1 (Outcome/Result) and Sense 6 (Symptom caused by drug).
        *   In clinical trials (the context here), comparing "effects" usually implies comparing efficacy (the desired outcome/result) as well as safety.
        *   Sense 1 synonyms: consequence, outcome, result. In a trial, the primary endpoint is a result (survival, progression-free survival). The "effects of Alimta" encompasses the overall result of the treatment on the disease process.
        *   Sense 6 is defined specifically as "a symptom caused by an illness or a drug". While "side effects" are symptoms, the "effects" of a cancer drug in a comparative study usually refer to the therapeutic outcomes (did the tumor shrink? did the patient live longer?).
        *   Let's look at the specific example for Sense 6: "the effect of the anesthetic" (numbing). "The effects of sleep loss" (symptoms like tiredness).
        *   Let's look at the context sentence: "the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel...". In cancer trials, this comparison involves efficacy (Response Rate, Survival) primarily, which fits "outcome/result" (Sense 1) better than just "symptom" (Sense 6). While side effects are part of the profile, the primary comparison is usually efficacy (the result of the drug action).
        *   Sense 1 ("phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon") is the hypernym/superordinate. The effect of a drug is a phenomenon caused by the drug. Is there a specific "symptom" sense distinction that makes Sense 6 better?
        *   If the text said "side effects", Sense 6 would be perfect.
        *   If the text says "the effects were compared", example, "The effect of the treatment was significant tumor reduction." This fits Sense 1 (Result/Outcome).
        *   Let's check if WordNet or standard usage distinguishes "therapeutic effect" under Sense 1 or Sense 6. Usually, WordNet Sense 6 ("a symptom caused by an illness or a drug") leans towards physiological changes or side effects. Sense 1 ("consequence, outcome, result") captures the broader result or efficacy.
        *   In the context of "the effects of Alimta... compared with...", the text is evaluating the performance of the drug. The "effect" is the outcome of the intervention. "Result" is a synonym for Sense 1.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit. The therapeutic action (killing cells) leads to the result (treatment success).

    *   Let's double check Sense 6 again. "A symptom caused by an illness or a drug". Is tumor shrinkage a symptom? No, it's a clinical outcome. Is survival a symptom? No. Therefore, Sense 6 is too narrow (focused on symptoms/physiological sensations). Sense 1 ("outcome, result") covers the clinical outcomes being compared in the study.

    *   Let's consider the phrase "the effects of Alimta".
        *   "The effects of sleep loss" (Sense 6) -> symptoms like grogginess.
        *   "The effects of the anesthetic" (Sense 6) -> numbness (symptom/sensation).
        *   "The effects of Alimta" in a clinical trial -> survival rates, tumor response. These are *results* or *outcomes*.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

3.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

    *   Sense Key: effect%1:19:00::
    *   Index: 1

    Wait, let me check the indices.
    1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: ... -> Index 1.
    2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: ... -> Index 2.
    ...
    6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: ... -> Index 6.

    So I choose Index 1.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were <t>compared</t> with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** compare
    *   **Target surface form:** compared
    *   **Context:** The text describes clinical trials for a medicine called Alimta (pemetrexed).
    *   **Specific sentence:** "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were <t>compared</t> with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine)..."
    *   **Usage:** The phrase "the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel" implies a systematic evaluation to determine similarities or differences in efficacy (effects) between two treatments. It's a scientific/medical context.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `compare%2:31:00::` | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense involves the active process of examination to find similarities/differences. In a clinical trial context, researchers "compare" treatments A and B to see which works better or if they are equivalent. The example "We compared notes" fits the idea of looking for differences/similarities. The context "effects were compared with those of docetaxel" fits this definition perfectly. The researchers are examining the data to note differences in efficacy.

    *   **Sense 2:** `compare%2:42:00::` | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense usually implies a state of being comparable or a negative comparison ("cannot compare"). It's often intransitive or reflexive in usage regarding quality (e.g., "This doesn't compare to that"). In the text, it's a passive construction "were compared with", which describes an action of comparison performed by researchers, not a state of being comparable in a qualitative judgment sense like "Alimta doesn't compare to docetaxel" (which isn't what the text says; it says effects were compared scientifically).

    *   **Sense 3:** `compare%2:31:01::` | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is about making an analogy or equating two things conceptually. "He compared the economy to a rollercoaster." In the text, the researchers are *not* saying Alimta *is* analogous to docetaxel in a metaphorical way. They are conducting a study to measure differences/similarities in outcome. They are examining results, not making an analogy.

    *   **Sense 4:** `compare%2:32:00::` | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb.
        *   *Analysis:* This is a grammatical sense (linguistics). "Bigger" is the comparative form of "big". This is clearly not the meaning here.

3.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   The context is a clinical study where researchers are evaluating the relative effects of two drugs.
    *   Sense 1 ("examine and note the similarities or differences of") fits the scientific method of comparing treatment effects.
    *   Sense 3 is about likening/equating (analogy).
    *   Sense 2 is about being worthy of comparison (often negative).

    The specific usage "The effects of A were compared with those of B" is a standard expression for conducting a comparative analysis (Sense 1). The researchers performed an action to determine the relationship between the two sets of effects.

    Let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Sense 1: "examine and note...". Example: "compared his haircut".
    Sense 3: "consider or describe as similar...". Example: "compare the Han dynasty to the Romans".

    In the text, they are not equating Alimta to docetaxel (Sense 3). They are performing a comparative study to see which is better or how they differ. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: medicine
    *   Target surface form: medicine
    *   Context: A medical/pharmaceutical description of a drug (Alimta/pemetrexed), discussing its mechanism, clinical trials, and comparisons with other drugs like docetaxel and gemcitabine. The specific target instance is marked as `<t>medicine</t>` in the sentence: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>)..."
    *   Candidate senses provided (4 senses).
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense. Output only JSON: {"sense_index": N}.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>)..."
    *   The context is talking about "docetaxel", which is a drug (a specific chemical compound used to treat cancer).
    *   The word "medicine" refers to a substance used to treat disease.
    *   Synonyms in this context would be "drug", "medication", "pharmaceutical".

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `medicine%1:09:00::` | Definition: "the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques" | Synonyms: medical specialty.
        *   *Evaluation:* Does the context refer to a branch of science? No. It refers to a specific substance (docetaxel).

    *   **Sense 2:** `medicine%1:06:00::` | Definition: "(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" | Synonyms: medication, medicament, medicinal drug.
        *   *Evaluation:* Does the context refer to a substance that treats disease? Yes. Docetaxel is an anticancer *drug*. "Medication" or "medicinal drug" are perfect synonyms here. This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 3:** `medicine%1:04:00::` | Definition: "the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school..." | Synonyms: practice of medicine | Example: "he studied medicine at Harvard".
        *   *Evaluation:* Does the context refer to the profession? No. It's not talking about someone practicing medicine, but a chemical substance.

    *   **Sense 4:** `medicine%1:04:02::` | Definition: "punishment for one's actions" | Synonyms: music | Example: "take your medicine".
        *   *Evaluation:* This is an idiomatic sense ("face the music"). The context is clinical/medical, not idiomatic/punitive.

4.  **Select Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 2 matches the definition "something that treats... disease" and synonyms "medication, medicinal drug". The context explicitly calls it an "anticancer medicine", referring to a pharmacological substance.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The request asks for a JSON object `{"sense_index": N}`.
    *   The chosen sense is index 2.

    *   Wait, let me double-check indexing.
        *   Sense 1 is index 1.
        *   Sense 2 is index 2.
        *   Sense 3 is index 3.
        *   Sense 4 is index 4.
    *   Index 2 corresponds to `medicine%1:06:00::`.

    *   Note: Usually sense indices in these tasks might be 0-based or 1-based. The prompt implies 1-based numbering based on the list format ("1. ...", "2. ..."). However, the JSON output example `{"sense_index": 3}` suggests I should output the number matching the list position.
    *   List item 2 is the correct one. So `{"sense_index": 2}`.

    *   Let's re-read the prompt examples just to be sure.
    *   Candidate senses list starts with "1. sense_key...".
    *   Instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}".
    *   If the correct answer is the second item in the list, the index should be 2.

    *   Let's verify the text alignment.
        *   Text: "...docetaxel (another anticancer medicine)..."
        *   Definition 2: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease".
        *   Synonyms: medication, medicament, medicinal drug.
        *   Match: Strong.

    *   Definition 1 (medical science/nonsurgical techniques): Incorrect.
    *   Definition 3 (profession): Incorrect.
    *   Definition 4 (punishment): Incorrect.

    *   Conclusion: Index 2.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one <t>study</t> involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "study" used as a noun in the sentence "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one **study** involving 571 patients..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text is from a medical document (likely an EPAR - European Medicines Agency assessment report) discussing clinical trials of a drug named Alimta.
    *   Phrases like "in one main study", "involving 571 patients", "compared with", "effects of Alimta" clearly indicate a scientific investigation or clinical trial.
    *   The "study" mentioned here refers to the process of investigation, the trial itself where patients are observed and data is collected to evaluate the drug's efficacy.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey*
        *   This fits well. A clinical trial is a detailed critical inspection of a drug's effects. The synonym "survey" is often used for population studies, but the definition "detailed critical inspection" covers scientific investigations like clinical trials.

    *   *Sense 2: study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language...*
        *   This refers to the act of learning (studying for an exam). Not the case here.

    *   *Sense 3: study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale*
        *   This refers to the *product* of the study (the paper/report).
        *   Context check: "in one study involving 571 patients". The preposition "in" suggests the process or the event, not necessarily the physical document. However, often "a study" is conflated with the report in common parlance.
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3. Sense 1 is "a detailed critical inspection" (the act/process/event). Sense 3 is "a written document" (the result).
        *   The text says "Alimta has been studied in one main study". You participate *in* an investigation (Sense 1). You publish a report (Sense 3). The context emphasizes the *activity* involving patients ("involving 571 patients", "effects... were compared"). The study is the event of the trial. Sense 1 is generally the standard WordNet sense for "clinical study" or "scientific study" as an activity/phenomenon.

    *   *Sense 4: study%1:10:00:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption...*
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 5: study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing...*
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 6: study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge...*
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 7: study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing...*
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 8: study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation...*
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 9: study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly...*
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 10: study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique...*
        *   Irrelevant.

4.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   The phrase "in one main study" refers to the clinical trial setup. The patients were involved in the *investigation*, not the document.
    *   "The effects ... were compared ... in one study".
    *   WordNet mapping for "clinical study" usually points to Sense 1 (detailed critical inspection). The "study" is the investigation itself.
    *   While the results are eventually a document, the context here highlights the methodology and the population involved in the inspection process.
    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate definition for "clinical study/trial" as an event/process of inspection.

    Let's double-check the definition of Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection". This encompasses scientific studies and clinical trials.
    Let's double-check Sense 3: "a written document". While related, the primary reference in medical contexts ("in a study involving patients") is the act of studying/investigating the patients, fitting Sense 1 better.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Output Generation:**
    *   Selected sense: 1.
    *   Format: JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study <t>involving</t> 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: involve
    *   Target surface form: involving
    *   Context sentence segment: "...in a study <t>involving</t> 571 patients..."
    *   Full context analysis: The text describes medical studies for a drug named Alimta. The specific phrase is "a study involving 571 patients". This describes the composition or participants of the study. The study *includes* or *contains* these patients as participants.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (involve%2:42:01::):** Definition: "connect closely and often incriminatingly". Synonyms: affect, regard. Examples: "This new ruling affects your business".
        *   *Fit:* This is about implication or effect, often negative (incriminatingly). The context is about a clinical trial including patients. This doesn't fit well.

    *   **Sense 2 (involve%2:42:04::):** Definition: "engage as a participant". Examples: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"
        *   *Fit:* This is close. A study *involves* patients in the sense that patients participate. However, the example "Don't involve me" is about action/interaction or getting someone into a situation. The context "a study involving 571 patients" is more about the scope or membership of the study group. While patients are participants, the verb phrase here ("study involving 571 patients") is standard academic/medical language for describing the sample size or inclusion. It feels slightly more static than "engaging" someone.

    *   **Sense 3 (involve%2:42:00::):** Definition: "have as a necessary feature". Synonyms: imply. Examples: "This decision involves many changes".
        *   *Fit:* "This decision involves many changes" implies the changes are part of the decision. A study involving patients means the patients are part of the study. However, "necessary feature" usually implies entailment or consequence (e.g., "Buying a house involves paying taxes"). A study doesn't necessarily *require* patients as a logical consequence in the same way, though you can't have a study without them. Let's look at Sense 5.

    *   **Sense 4 (involve%2:42:07::):** Definition: "require as useful, just, or proper". Synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take. Examples: "It takes nerve to do what she did".
        *   *Fit:* This is about necessity. "A study requiring 571 patients"? Maybe, but usually "involving" in this context means "including" or "comprising", not necessarily emphasizing the requirement aspect. It describes the actual group size.

    *   **Sense 5 (involve%2:42:02::):** Definition: "contain as a part". Examples: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses".
        *   *Fit:* "A study involving 571 patients" = "A study containing 571 patients as part of its structure". This fits the semantic relationship "whole-part". The study is the whole entity; the patients are the parts. The example "Dinner... involves six courses" is very similar structurally to "Study... involves 571 patients". This seems like the strongest fit.

    *   **Sense 6 (involve%2:31:00::):** Definition: "occupy or engage the interest of". Examples: "His story completely involved me..."
        *   *Fit:* This is about mental engagement/absorption. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 7 (involve%2:30:00::):** Definition: "make complex or intricate or complicated". Examples: "The situation was rather involved".
        *   *Fit:* This is usually an adjective usage or refers to complexity. Not applicable.

3.  **Compare Sense 2 ("engage as a participant") vs. Sense 5 ("contain as a part"):**

    *   *Sense 2:* Focuses on the role of the object (patients) as active participants. "The study involved patients" (made them participants).
    *   *Sense 5:* Focuses on the composition of the subject (study). "The study involved patients" (included them).

    Let's look at the phrasing: "a study involving 571 patients".
    If I say "The study involved John", John is a participant.
    If I say "The study involved 571 patients", it describes the *extent* or *composition* of the study.
    Sense 5 examples: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses."
    Sense 2 examples: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"

    The context is describing the *scope* of the study: "a study involving 571 patients". This is a quantitative description of the group. The relationship is Whole (Study) -> Part (Patients).
    Sense 5 ("contain as a part") captures the structural/compositional aspect.
    Sense 2 ("engage as a participant") is active.
    While patients are participants, "involving" in corpus linguistics regarding study descriptions usually maps to "include" or "comprise" (Sense 5).
    WordNet Sense 5 (involve%2:42:02::) definition "contain as a part".
    Is a patient a "part" of a study? Yes, they make up the study population.
    Let's check the mapping in similar WSD tasks. "A study involving X patients" is the classic example for "contain as a part" or "include". Sense 5 is "contain as a part". Sense 3 is "have as a necessary feature".
    Sense 5 example: "Dinner involves six courses".
    Context: "Study involving 571 patients".
    The parallel is strong.

    Let's reconsider Sense 3: "have as a necessary feature".
    Example: "This decision involves many changes."
    Here, changes result from the decision. Or are inherent to it.
    In the medical context, the study *includes* the patients. They are the components.
    "Contain as a part" (Sense 5) feels most accurate for "X involves Y number of Zs".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again. "Engage as a participant".
    "I don't want to get involved." (Participation).
    "The study involved patients." (The study had patients).
    While the patients participate, the sentence "a study involving 571 patients" is describing the study's demographics/inclusion, synonymous with "including".
    Synonym for Sense 5 is often listed as "include" (though not explicitly in the provided definition list for Sense 5, the definition "contain as a part" covers "include").
    Wait, the definition for Sense 5 provided is: "contain as a part".
    The definition for Sense 3 is: "have as a necessary feature".
    The definition for Sense 2 is: "engage as a participant".

    If I use the synonym "include":
    "a study including 571 patients". This works perfectly.
    "a study engaging 571 patients". This sounds slightly odd in English.
    "a study necessitating 571 patients". Also not the primary meaning here (which is simply descriptive of who is in it).

    Therefore, Sense 5 is the best fit. It denotes composition/inclusion.

    Let's check the indices provided in the prompt.
    Sense 1: involve%2:42:01:: (incriminatingly)
    Sense 2: involve%2:42:04:: (engage as participant)
    Sense 3: involve%2:42:00:: (necessary feature)
    Sense 4: involve%2:42:07:: (require)
    Sense 5: involve%2:42:02:: (contain as a part)
    Sense 6: involve%2:31:00:: (interest)
    Sense 7: involve%2:30:00:: (complex)

    Target: Sense 5.

    Let me double check Sense 3 vs Sense 5.
    Sense 3: "have as a necessary feature".
    Sense 5: "contain as a part".
    Example for Sense 3: "This decision involves many changes."
    Example for Sense 5: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses."

    The distinction is subtle.
    "This decision involves many changes" -> The changes are consequences/entailments.
    "Dinner involves six courses" -> The courses are components of the dinner.
    "Study involving patients" -> Patients are components of the study.
    Therefore, Sense 5 is better than Sense 3.

    Let's check Sense 2 again.
    "Engage as a participant".
    In "Don't involve me", "me" is the object. "Me" becomes a participant.
    In "A study involving patients", "patients" is the object. Patients become participants?
    Actually, standard WSD mappings for "involve" in the context of "a study involving [participants]" often point to the "include" sense (Sense 5 in this list).
    Sense 5 is the most standard interpretation for "X involves Y [quantity] [components/parts]".
    Example: "The process involves three steps." (Sense 5).
    Example: "The study involves 571 patients." (Sense 5).

    Conclusion: Sense 5.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 <t>patients</t> with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: patient
    *   Target surface form: patients
    *   Context: A medical text about the drug Alimta (pemetrexed), specifically discussing clinical studies for malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The target word appears in phrases like "571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `patient%1:18:00::`: "a person who requires medical care" (noun, person).
        2.  `patient%1:10:00::`: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent..." (noun, communication/linguistics).
    *   Constraints: Choose the single best indexed sense, do not hedge, return only JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 **patients** with locally advanced or metastatic disease..."
    *   The surrounding text talks about chemotherapy, diseases (mesothelioma, lung cancer), and medical studies.
    *   The word "patients" refers to people suffering from a disease (lung cancer) who are receiving or being studied for medical treatment.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a person who requires medical care". This fits perfectly. The "patients" in the text are people with cancer undergoing or awaiting treatment in a clinical trial. The example provided ("the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly") aligns well with the usage in the text.
    *   **Sense 2:** "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent...". This is a linguistic/grammatical term (thematic role). It defines "patient" as a grammatical function (like "subject" or "object" in semantic analysis), not as a human being receiving medical care. While the word "patient" historically relates to suffering/passivity, in this specific text, we are talking about the human subjects of the study, not the grammatical role.

4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The text is a medical report/summary.
    *   It refers to people (456 patients, 571 patients, 1,725 patients).
    *   Sense 1 describes a person under medical care.
    *   Sense 2 describes a linguistic concept.
    *   Clearly, Sense 1 is the intended meaning.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The request asks for a JSON object with "sense_index". Since Sense 1 is the correct one, the index is 1.

    *   Wait, usually indices are 1-based in these prompts unless specified otherwise. Let me check the numbering in the prompt.
    *   Candidate senses list:
        1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: ...
        2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: ...
    *   The correct sense is the first one listed.
    *   Output: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: locally
Target surface form: locally
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with <t>locally</t> advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=locally%4:02:00:: | definition=by a particular locality | examples=it was locally decided
2. sense_key=locally%4:02:01:: | definition=to a restricted area of the body | synonyms=topically | examples=apply this medicine topically

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target lemma:** `locally`
    *   **Context:** A medical text about the drug Alimta (pemetrexed) and its studies for treating mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The specific sentence is: "...involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease..."
    *   **Candidate senses:**
        1.  `locally%4:02:00::` | Definition: "by a particular locality" | Example: "it was locally decided"
        2.  `locally%4:02:01::` | Definition: "to a restricted area of the body" | Synonyms: "topically" | Example: "apply this medicine topically"
    *   **Task:** Choose the single best indexed sense (1 or 2) and output a specific JSON format.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The phrase is "locally advanced or metastatic disease".
    *   In oncology/medicine:
        *   "Locally advanced" means the cancer has grown outside the organ of origin into surrounding tissues or lymph nodes, but has *not* spread to distant sites (metastasized) yet.
        *   "Metastatic" means the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.
    *   The contrast here is between cancer that is confined to a specific region (local area) versus cancer that has spread widely.

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "by a particular locality"
    *   Example: "it was locally decided"
    *   Analysis: This sense usually refers to administrative or geographic scope of action/decision making (e.g., locally grown produce, locally decided policy). It doesn't fit the medical context of a disease's progression within a body. While "locality" is related to "local", the usage "locally advanced" refers to the physical extent of the disease *within the patient's body*, not a decision made by a local authority.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "to a restricted area of the body"
    *   Synonyms: "topically"
    *   Example: "apply this medicine topically"
    *   Analysis: This sense relates to anatomy and the physical restriction of something to a specific part of the body.
    *   In the phrase "locally advanced", the word "locally" describes the extent of the cancer. Is it advanced "to a restricted area of the body"? Yes. It distinguishes the stage of cancer: locally advanced (restricted to a specific region) vs. metastatic (spread far).
    *   The synonym "topically" usually refers to medication application (on the skin/surface). While the context "locally advanced" isn't about applying a cream, the definition "to a restricted area of the body" captures the semantic core of the medical usage here. It refers to the *location* of the disease being restricted/defined, as opposed to systemic or distant.

    *Wait, let's look closer at the definitions.*
    WordNet (and dictionaries in general) can be tricky with adverbs.
    Sense 1 is often used for things like "locally sourced" or "locally elected".
    Sense 2 is specifically medical/anatomical ("restricted area of the body").

    Does "locally advanced" fit Sense 2?
    If something is "locally advanced", it means the advancement (progression of the tumor) is local (restricted to a specific area).
    The WordNet definition "to a restricted area of the body" is slightly syntactically awkward if interpreted strictly as a verb modifier (like "apply locally"), but "locally advanced" acts as a compound adjective. However, the semantic domain is clearly the body.

    Let's check standard medical usage.
    "Locally advanced cancer" = cancer that has spread from where it started to nearby tissue or lymph nodes.
    This aligns with the concept of being "restricted to a specific area of the body" (compared to metastatic).

    Sense 1 ("by a particular locality") implies a municipality or a specific place in a general sense, often involving agency (locally decided). This does not fit "locally advanced".
    Sense 2 ("to a restricted area of the body") fits the domain (medicine/anatomy). Even though the example provided ("apply this medicine topically") is a different medical context (route of administration vs disease staging), the definition regarding "restricted area of the body" is the correct semantic match for distinguishing local vs systemic/metastatic disease.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    The context is medical (oncology).
    "Locally advanced" refers to the disease being confined to a restricted area of the body (the local region of the tumor), as opposed to "metastatic" (spread to distant areas).
    Sense 2 deals with the body.
    Sense 1 deals with general locality/decisions.
    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

6.  **Formatting Output:**
    Return `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advanced
Target surface form: advanced
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally <t>advanced</t> or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:precocious:00 | definition=farther along in physical or mental development | examples=the child's skeletal age was classified as `advanced'; children in the advanced classes in elementary school read far above grade average
2. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:02 | definition=comparatively late in a course of development | examples=the illness had reached an advanced stage; an advanced state of exhaustion
3. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:progressive:01 | definition=ahead of the times | synonyms=forward-looking, innovative, modern | examples=the advanced teaching methods; had advanced views on the subject
4. sense_key=advanced%5:00:02:high:02 | definition=at a higher level in training or knowledge or skill | examples=an advanced degree; an advanced text in physics
5. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:high-tech:00 | definition=ahead in development; complex or intricate | synonyms=sophisticated | examples=advanced technology; a sophisticated electronic control system
6. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:00 | definition=far along in time | synonyms=ripe | examples=a man of advanced age; advanced in years
7. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:civilized:00 | definition=(of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry | examples=advanced societies; an advanced country technologically
8. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:front:00 | definition=situated ahead or going before | synonyms=advance, in advance | examples=an advance party; at that time the most advanced outpost was still east of the Rockies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "advanced" used in the context "locally advanced or metastatic disease".
This refers to the stage of the disease (cancer). "Advanced disease" means the cancer has progressed significantly.
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. farther along in physical or mental development (precocious)
2. comparatively late in a course of development (e.g., advanced stage of illness) -> This perfectly fits "advanced disease".
3. ahead of the times (progressive)
4. at a higher level in training or knowledge or skill (advanced degree)
5. ahead in development; complex or intricate (advanced technology)
6. far along in time (advanced age)
7. (of societies) highly developed (advanced societies)
8. situated ahead or going before (advance party)

Sense 2 definition is "comparatively late in a course of development" with the example "the illness had reached an advanced stage".
In medical contexts, "advanced disease" means the disease has progressed to a late stage.
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Target word: "past" (used as a noun phrase: "in the past").
    *   Sentence: "The effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>."
    *   Meaning: It refers to a time before the present moment. Specifically, the time before the study took place or before the current point in the patient's life.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `past%1:28:00::`
        *   Definition: "the time that has elapsed"
        *   Synonyms: "past times", "yesteryear"
        *   Examples: "forget the past"
        *   Fit: This is the general sense of "past" meaning "the time before now". "In the past" is a standard collocation fitting this definition. The patients received chemotherapy at a time that has elapsed relative to the current reference point.

    *   **Sense 2:** `past%1:28:01::`
        *   Definition: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)"
        *   Examples: "reporters dug into the candidate's past"
        *   Fit: This implies a specific, usually hidden or negative aspect of someone's history. While patients have a medical history, "in the past" here is a temporal reference, not referring to a secret scandalous history. The context is clinical/medical, discussing temporal precedence of treatment, not personal secrets. Sense 1 is a broader and more accurate fit for general temporal reference.

    *   **Sense 3:** `past%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: "a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past"
        *   Synonyms: "past tense"
        *   Fit: This is a grammatical term. The target word is not referring to the grammatical category of tense.

3.  **Evaluate and Select:**
    *   Sense 3 is incorrect (not grammar).
    *   Sense 2 is too specific/nuanced towards secrets/hidden history.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition of "past" as a period of time that has gone by. The phrase "in the past" maps directly to "the time that has elapsed".

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:** Return `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also <t>compared</t> with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target lemma is "compare", surface form "compared". It appears in the context of a medical study description ("Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine...").

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients..."
    *   Domain: Medical/Scientific research (Clinical trials).
    *   Meaning: The study is setting up two groups (Alimta vs. gemcitabine) to evaluate their relative effectiveness (how long patients survived). They are examining the differences or similarities in outcomes between the two drugs.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `compare%2:31:00::` | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie.
        *   Analysis: This fits well. In a clinical trial, researchers *examine and note* the similarities or differences between treatments. The structure "compared with" suggests an evaluation or juxtaposition for analysis. The previous sentence ("The effects of Alimta... were compared with those of docetaxel") reinforces this analytical comparison.

    *   **Sense 2:** `compare%2:42:00::` | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes.
        *   Analysis: This usually implies a stative quality (bearing comparison) or is used negatively to say something isn't as good. "Alimta was compared with gemcitabine" is an action (passive voice), not a state of being "comparable". It doesn't mean Alimta "bore comparison" with gemcitabine in a general sense; it means the researchers performed a comparison.

    *   **Sense 3:** `compare%2:31:01::` | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans...
        *   Analysis: This sense implies asserting a similarity or analogy (metaphorical comparison). "Likening" Alimta to gemcitabine is not the goal; the goal is to see which works better or if they are different. The researchers are not saying "Alimta is like gemcitabine"; they are testing them against each other to find differences in survival time.

    *   **Sense 4:** `compare%2:32:00::` | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb.
        *   Analysis: This is a grammatical sense (linguistics). Irrelevant to the context of clinical trials.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard transitive verb sense used in scientific contexts when comparing treatment A to treatment B. It involves examining and noting differences/similarities.
    *   Sense 3 is about declaring them similar (likening), which is incorrect here.
    *   Sense 2 is about the inherent quality of being comparable, not the act of comparing.

    The phrase "The effects of Alimta... were compared with..." clearly indicates the action of examining and noting differences/similarities in effectiveness.

5.  **Format Output:** Return JSON with index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "medicine" in the context is referring to "another anticancer medicine" (pemetrexed/Alimta), which is a drug used to treat cancer. This clearly matches sense 2: "(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" with synonyms "medication, medicament, medicinal drug".

Let me confirm:
- Sense 1 is about the branches of medical science (nonsurgical techniques) - not applicable here
- Sense 2 is about a substance that treats/prevents disease - this fits perfectly as Alimta is a medication/drug
- Sense 3 is about the profession of medicine - not applicable
- Sense 4 is about punishment - not applicable

The answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "study". The sentence is "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients..." The broader context discusses clinical trials (main study, 456 patients, 571 patients, comparison of treatments, measure of effectiveness). This is clearly referring to a scientific investigation, specifically a clinical trial.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `study%1:04:00::` | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey. This fits the general idea of a clinical trial or research project. It refers to the act or process of inspecting/investigating.
    *   Sense 2: `study%1:09:03::` | definition=applying the mind to learning... | synonyms=work. This refers to the act of studying (learning a subject). Not a match.
    *   Sense 3: `study%1:10:00::` | definition=a written document describing the findings... | synonyms=report, written report. While a clinical trial results in a report, the context says "in a study involving 1,725 patients". This refers to the *event/process* of the trial, not the physical document or report itself.
    *   Sense 4: `study%1:09:04::` | definition=a state of deep mental absorption. Not a match.
    *   Sense 5: `study%1:06:00::` | definition=a room used for reading... Not a match.
    *   Sense 6: `study%1:09:02::` | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline... Not a match.
    *   Sense 7: `study%1:06:01::` | definition=preliminary drawing... Not a match.
    *   Sense 8: `study%1:09:01::` | definition=attentive consideration... Not a match.
    *   Sense 9: `study%1:18:00::` | definition=someone who memorizes... Not a match.
    *   Sense 10: `study%1:10:01::` | definition=a composition... (music). Not a match.

3.  **Differentiate Sense 1 vs Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 3 is a "written document". The sentence talks about the "main study" and a study "involving 1,725 patients". While the *results* are written down, the study itself is the investigation/trial.
    *   Sense 1 is a "detailed critical inspection". Synonym: "survey". In a medical/scientific context, a "clinical study" or "clinical trial" fits under the definition of a detailed critical inspection or investigation.
    *   Let's look at WordNet hierarchy or usage. Sense 1 (detailed critical inspection) is the act/event. Sense 3 (written report) is the result/artifact.
    *   Context: "In the body, pemetrexed... How has Alimta been studied? ... in one main study... in a study involving 1,725 patients". This describes the methodology and the process of experimentation on patients. It is the investigation itself.
    *   Often, WordNet distinguishes between the act (Sense 1) and the report (Sense 3). The phrase "in a study involving patients" refers to the research process. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct categorization for the act of research/investigation, whereas Sense 3 is the paper published afterwards.
    *   However, looking closely at Sense 1's synonym "survey". While "survey" can be a type of study, the definition "detailed critical inspection" covers clinical trials.
    *   Let's check the definition of Sense 1 again: "a detailed critical inspection".
    *   Let's check the definition of Sense 3 again: "a written document describing the findings".
    *   Is a clinical trial a "detailed critical inspection"? Yes. Is it a "written document"? The trial itself is an event; the paper is the document. The sentence says "in a study...". You participate in a study (event), you don't participate in a written document. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice for the event/process of the research.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

5.  **Formatting:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.