[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "involving" in the context: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."

Let me analyze the meaning of "involving" in this context:
- The study involved 1,725 patients
- This means the study included/contained 1,725 patients as participants

Let me check each sense:

1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | This doesn't fit - nothing incriminating here.

2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | This could work - the patients are participants in the study.

3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | This could also work - having patients as a necessary feature of the study.

4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | This doesn't quite fit - the study doesn't "require" patients in that sense.

5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | Examples: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" - This seems to fit well. The study "contains" or "includes" 1,725 patients as part of it.

6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | This doesn't fit - not about engaging interest.

7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | This doesn't fit - not about making things complicated.

Now I need to decide between sense 2, 3, and 5.

Sense 2: "engage as a participant" with example "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" - This is about getting someone actively engaged/entangled in something.

Sense 3: "have as a necessary feature" with synonym "imply" and example "This decision involves many changes" - This is about something being a necessary part/consequence.

Sense 5: "contain as a part" with example "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" - This is about including something as a component.

In the context "a study involving 1,725 patients", the meaning is that the study includes/contains these patients as participants. This is most closely aligned with sense 5 ("contain as a part") - the study contains/includes these patients.

Actually, let me reconsider. The example for sense 5 is "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" - this is about the dinner containing courses as a part. Similarly, the study contains/includes patients as part of it.

Sense 2's example "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" has a different connotation - it's about getting someone caught up in something, not just having them as a participant in a study.

Sense 3's example "This decision involves many changes" means the decision entails/requires changes as a consequence, which is slightly different.

The phrase "a study involving 1,725 patients" means the study includes or has those patients as part of it. This aligns best with sense 5 "contain as a part."

So the answer should be sense_index:5.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**: The text describes clinical trials for a drug called Alimta (pemetrexed) for treating malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The target word is "patients". The context mentions "456 patients who had not received chemotherapy", "571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease", "1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer", and "how long the patients survived". These are people receiving medical treatment or participating in a medical study.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: `patient%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a person who requires medical care" | Examples: "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly". This fits the context perfectly. The people mentioned are receiving chemotherapy, are subjects of medical studies, and are suffering from diseases like mesothelioma and lung cancer.
    *   Sense 2: `patient%1:10:00::` | Definition: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" | Synonyms: affected role, patient role. This is a linguistic/grammatical sense (noun acting as a semantic role). While the people in the text are semantically "patients" (undergoers) of the treatment, the word usage "patients" in the text refers to the *people* themselves, not the grammatical role. The text talks about counting them (456 patients, 571 patients), describing their condition, and their survival. It does not discuss the semantic role structure of the sentence.

3.  **Compare and Decide**:
    *   The context is about medical treatment and clinical trials.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the medical definition of a person under medical care.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a linguistic semantic role.
    *   In "456 patients", "patients" refers to the individuals, not a linguistic concept.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format Output**: The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   Selected index: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *past*
    *   Target surface form: *past*
    *   Context: "...patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the *past*."
    *   The phrase is "in the past". This refers to a time period preceding the current moment.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `past%1:28:00::` | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past.
        *   This sense refers to time that has passed. The phrase "in the past" fits perfectly here. It refers to a time prior to the present.
    *   **Sense 2:** `past%1:28:01::` | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past.
        *   This sense is specific to a person's history, often with a connotation of secrets or specific life events. The context is about medical history (receiving chemotherapy), but the phrase "in the past" is a general temporal reference, not specifically digging into a "skeleton in the closet" type of past. It's more about the timeframe than the specific biography in the sense of the example provided. However, the definition "earlier period in someone's life" is technically true, but usually, sense 1 is the general temporal sense. Let's look at Sense 1 again. Sense 1 is "the time that has elapsed". "In the past" is a standard idiomatic phrase referring to elapsed time. Sense 2 implies a possessive usually ("*his* past", "*the candidate's past*"). Here it is "in the *past*" (general time). Sense 1 is a better fit for the general temporal noun usage seen here.
    *   **Sense 3:** `past%1:10:00::` | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense.
        *   This refers to grammar. The word "past" in the text is not referring to a grammatical tense. It is referring to a time period.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: "forget the past", "past times", "yesteryear". Focus: Elapsed time.
    *   Sense 2: "reporters dug into the candidate's past". Focus: Personal history/background (often sensitive).
    *   In the text: "...received chemotherapy... in the past."
    *   Does this mean "in the general time that has elapsed"? Yes. It means "previously".
    *   Does this mean "in a secret earlier period of their life"? Not necessarily. It's a clinical statement about prior medical intervention.
    *   Standard WordSense Disambiguation (WSD) usually maps the general temporal usage "in the past" to Sense 1 (the time that has elapsed). Sense 2 is usually reserved for specific personal histories (e.g., "a checkered past").

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The usage here is the general temporal noun. "In the past" = "in the time that has elapsed".
    *   This matches Sense 1.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The target lemma is "study", the surface form is "studies". The context mentions "In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."

2.  **Analyze the Context**: The text describes clinical trials for a drug named Alimta. It mentions "one main study in 456 patients", "one study involving 571 patients", "a study involving 1,725 patients". These are scientific investigations or clinical trials designed to test the efficacy of a drug. The sentence containing the target word refers to these previous investigations.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   *Sense 1: study%1:04:00::* "a detailed critical inspection" (synonym: survey). This fits the idea of a scientific investigation. Clinical trials are detailed inspections of effects.
    *   *Sense 2: study%1:09:03::* "applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject...". This refers to the act of studying (studying for a test), not the organized research project itself.
    *   *Sense 3: study%1:10:00::* "a written document describing the findings...". While a clinical trial results in a paper, the word here refers to the trial itself (the process involving patients), not just the document. The text says "studied in one main study... involving 571 patients". A document doesn't involve patients in the active sense; the research process does. However, often "study" refers to the report. Let's look closer. Context: "In all three studies, the main measure...". Does this refer to the reports or the investigations? Usually, in medical contexts, "the study" refers to the investigation/trial. Sense 1 ("detailed critical inspection") covers the activity/process. Sense 3 covers the artifact (the report).
    *   *Sense 4: study%1:09:04::* "a state of deep mental absorption". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 5: study%1:06:00::* "a room used for reading...". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 6: study%1:09:02::* "a branch of knowledge" (discipline). Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 7: study%1:06:01::* "preliminary drawing". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 8: study%1:09:01::* "attentive consideration". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 9: study%1:18:00::* "someone who memorizes quickly". Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 10: study%1:10:01::* "a composition... for performer's technique". Irrelevant.

4.  **Differentiate Sense 1 vs Sense 3**:
    *   Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection". Gloss: inspection. Synonyms: survey. This is the event/process of conducting the research.
    *   Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings". Gloss: document. Synonyms: report. Example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale".
    *   The context says: "Alimta has been studied in one main study... involving 571 patients". The study is the venue/process where the patients were treated and observed. It isn't just the paper written afterward. The measure of effectiveness was calculated *during* the study (process). You don't measure how long patients survive *in a written document*. You measure it *during the investigation*. Therefore, the sense refers to the investigation itself, not the report.
    *   Sense 1 ("detailed critical inspection") is the closest fit for a scientific investigation or clinical trial. It captures the activity.

5.  **Final Decision**: Sense 1 is the best fit. It corresponds to "research project" or "investigation". The other senses are clearly wrong (room, act of learning, branch of knowledge, report). While Sense 3 is a plausible distractor because studies result in reports, the context emphasizes the participation of patients and the measurement of survival, which happens during the inspection/trial (Sense 1).

    Index mapping:
    1 -> sense_key=study%1:04:00::
    2 -> sense_key=study%1:09:03::
    3 -> sense_key=study%1:10:00::
    ...

    Result: Sense 1.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the <t>main</t> measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "main", and the surface form is "main". It functions as an adjective in the context ("the main measure of effectiveness").

2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." The word "main" modifies "measure of effectiveness". It means the *primary* or *most important* measure.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   Gloss: "most important element"
        *   Synonyms: "chief, primary, principal, master"
        *   Examples: "the chief aim of living", "the main doors..."
        *   Fit: This fits perfectly. The "main measure" is the "most important measure" or the "primary measure". This aligns with the definition and synonyms.

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   Gloss: "(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence"
        *   Synonyms: "independent"
        *   Examples: "the main (or independent) clause..."
        *   Fit: This is a linguistic term referring to grammar (syntax). The context is about clinical studies and effectiveness measures, not grammar. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:**
        *   Gloss: "of force; of the greatest possible intensity"
        *   Examples: "by main strength"
        *   Fit: This refers to physical force or intensity (archaic or specific usage). The context is about a measure of effectiveness in a study, not physical force. This is incorrect.

4.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1 is the clear winner. It denotes importance or primacy, which is exactly how "main" is used in "the main measure of effectiveness".

5.  **Format the output:** The user requested a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`. Since I chose Sense 1, the index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main <t>measure</t> of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence is: "In all three studies, the main *measure* of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   Context domain: Medical/Pharmaceutical research study.
    *   Meaning: The study looked at a specific metric ("how long the patients survived") to judge if the drug worked.
    *   The word "measure" here refers to a standard or a way to judge effectiveness. It functions as a criterion or a yardstick for evaluation.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" (synonyms: step). Example: "strong measures".
        *   *Analysis:* This usually implies an action taken (like a political measure or a safety measure). Here, "measure" is a metric, not an action or maneuver. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 2:** "how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify" (synonyms: quantity, amount).
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the amount itself. While survival time is a quantity, "measure of effectiveness" isn't referring to the amount of effectiveness directly, but rather the *standard* or *method* used to evaluate it. It's a bit close, but usually, "measure of effectiveness" points to a criterion (Sense 5).

    *   **Sense 3:** "a statute in draft before it becomes law" (synonyms: bill).
        *   *Analysis:* Legal context. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** "the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule" (synonyms: measurement, measuring).
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the *process* or *act* of measuring. The context says "the main measure... was how long the patients survived." "How long patients survived" is the variable/criterion, not the act of measuring it. While related, this sense focuses on the *activity*, whereas the context focuses on the *indicator*.

    *   **Sense 5:** "a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated" (synonyms: standard, criterion, touchstone).
        *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. In a clinical trial, a "measure of effectiveness" is a criterion (like survival rate) used to judge the drug's success. "The main measure... was how long the patients survived" matches the example "they set the measure for all subsequent work."

    *   **Sense 6:** "the accent in a metrical foot of verse" (synonyms: meter).
        *   *Analysis:* Poetry context. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 7:** "musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats" (synonyms: bar).
        *   *Analysis:* Music context. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 8:** "measuring instrument..." (synonyms: measuring stick).
        *   *Analysis:* Physical tool. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 9:** "a container of some standard capacity..."
        *   *Analysis:* Physical object. Incorrect.

3.  **Confirm the best fit:**
    *   Context: Clinical trials need a way to determine success. This is called the "measure of effectiveness" or "endpoint".
    *   Sense 5 defines this as a "basis for comparison" or "reference point".
    *   Synonyms like "criterion" and "standard" fit "measure of effectiveness" perfectly.
    *   Sense 4 (the act of measuring) is often confused with Sense 5, but "measure" in "measure of effectiveness" is a noun referring to the specific metric/criterion (survival time), not the action of measuring it. Therefore, Sense 5 is the precise definition.

4.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   Selected index: 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: long
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how <t>long</t> the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%4:02:00:: | definition=for an extended time or at a distant time | examples=a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for
2. sense_key=long%4:02:03:: | definition=for an extended distance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `long`
    *   Target surface form: `long`
    *   Context: A medical text describing clinical studies of a drug (Alimta). The specific sentence is: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how *long* the patients survived."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `long%4:02:00::`: Definition="for an extended time or at a distant time", Examples="a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for".
        2.  `long%4:02:03::`: Definition="for an extended distance".
    *   Task: Disambiguate the word sense and return the index as a JSON object.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The key phrase is "how long the patients survived".
    *   "Survived" is a verb relating to existence over a period of *time*.
    *   "How long" refers to the duration of survival (time).
    *   It does not refer to distance (spatial length).

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "for an extended time". This fits the context of survival duration. The examples ("promotion long overdue", "something long hoped for") relate to time, though the specific grammatical structure in the text ("how long") is an adverbial modifier of duration. The definition "for an extended time" captures the semantic domain of duration. Note: In WordNet, `long%4:02:00::` is often the general adverbial sense for duration.
    *   **Sense 2:** "for an extended distance". This refers to spatial length (e.g., "he threw the ball long"). This is incorrect for "survived".

4.  **Evaluate Sense 1 vs Context:**
    *   Context: "...how long the patients survived."
    *   Question: How long? Answer: For X months/years.
    *   This is a measurement of time.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "for an extended time".
    *   While the specific construction "how long" asks about the extent of time rather than asserting it is "extended" (though survival time is being measured as a duration), this is the correct sense node for time-related adverbial usage of "long". Sense 2 is strictly spatial.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The target word refers to duration/time.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to time.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to distance.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON format required: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the <t>patients</t> survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: patient
    *   Target surface form: patients
    *   Context: A medical text describing clinical studies for a drug called Alimta. It mentions "malignant pleural mesothelioma," "chemotherapy," "treatment," "medical care," "survived," etc. The target word refers to people participating in these studies (456 patients, 571 patients, 1725 patients) who are receiving or have received treatment.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `patient%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a person who requires medical care" | Example: "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly". This refers to a person under medical supervision or treatment.
    *   Sense 2: `patient%1:10:00::` | Definition: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" | Synonyms: "affected role, patient role". This is a linguistic/grammatical definition regarding semantic roles (thematic roles), not a noun referring to a specific person in a medical context.

3.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   The context describes medical trials involving people who are sick and being treated.
    *   "456 patients who had not received chemotherapy..." -> These are people receiving medical care.
    *   "...how long the patients survived." -> These are people.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly. It defines a person requiring/receiving medical care.
    *   Sense 2 is a linguistic abstraction. While it is true that in a sentence like "The doctor treated the patient," the patient holds the semantic role of 'patient', the *word* "patient" in this text is not being used to define the grammatical concept of a semantic role. It is being used to denote the specific category of people (the subjects of the medical study). The text is about medicine, not linguistics.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct lexical choice for the noun "patient" in a medical context.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients <t>survived</t>. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The target lemma is "survive" (past tense: "survived"). The context is a medical study report about the effectiveness of a drug (Alimta) in treating cancer. The specific sentence is: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The domain is clinical trials/medical research.
    *   The subject is "patients" (people with cancer).
    *   The phrase is "how long the patients survived".
    *   The concept being measured is survival time (duration of life).
    *   The implication is staying alive despite the disease (adversity) or simply continuing to live.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `survive%2:42:01::` | Definition: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" | Examples: "We went without water...", "These superstitions survive...".
        *   This sense emphasizes *enduring* hardship. While cancer is a hardship, the context focuses on the *duration* ("how long"). The examples for Sense 1 often imply struggling through a specific event or lasting a long time generally. However, Sense 2 is usually more specific to medical contexts where someone survives a specific threat (illness).

    *   **Sense 2**: `survive%2:42:02::` | Definition: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" | Examples: "He survived the cancer against all odds".
        *   This sense focuses on getting past a specific threat (like cancer). The example "He survived the cancer" is highly relevant to the context (cancer patients).
        *   However, let's look closer at the sentence: "how long the patients survived." It doesn't say "survived the cancer" directly, though it's implied. It measures the duration of their life.
        *   Is this about "surviving an event" or "remaining alive"?
        *   Sense 1 examples: "We went without water...". "These superstitions survive...".
        *   Sense 2 examples: "He survived the cancer".
        *   In medical statistics (Overall Survival), "survival" is often defined as "continuing to live". The distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 2 in WordNet is subtle.
        *   Sense 1 ("continue to live through hardship") vs Sense 2 ("continue in existence after an adversity").
        *   Sense 2 usually takes a direct object (survived *the cancer*, survived *the accident*). Sense 1 can be intransitive ("We went without water...", "superstitions survive").
        *   In the context sentence, "survived" is intransitive here ("the patients survived"). It doesn't have a direct object like "survived the disease". It's measuring the duration of life.
        *   Sense 3 ("support oneself") is clearly wrong (financial survival).
        *   Sense 4 ("live longer than") is clearly wrong (outliving someone).

    *   **Refining Sense 1 vs Sense 2**:
        *   WordNet (or Princeton WordNet) definitions need careful handling.
        *   Sense 1: "continue to live through hardship or adversity". This fits "how long the patients survived" because cancer is the hardship, and they are continuing to live through it. The duration is the metric.
        *   Sense 2: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)". This usually implies the adversity is over or the specific threat was passed. "He survived the cancer" implies recovery or remission.
        *   In the sentence "how long the patients survived", we are talking about the duration of their life (often until death). This aligns more with Sense 1 (enduring/lasting) or just basic existence.
        *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 1 examples: "We went without water...", "superstitions survive". These imply persistence.
        *   Sense 2 example: "He survived the cancer". This implies a successful outcome against a specific threat.
        *   Context sentence: "how long the patients survived". This is a measure of time.
        *   If I look at how "survive" is used in clinical trials: "Overall Survival" (OS) is the time from treatment start to death. It is the duration of living.
        *   Let's check if Sense 1 or Sense 2 handles the intransitive "how long they survived" better.
        *   Sense 1 allows intransitive usage ("The superstitions survive").
        *   Sense 2 usually expects a direct object ("survived [something]"). While WordNet glosses don't strictly enforce transitivity constraints, the usage "survived the cancer" is transitive. The usage "how long the patients survived" is intransitive.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 seems syntactically and semantically closer. It describes the state of continuing to live (through the hardship of cancer).

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2. Is it possible to use it intransitively? "He survived." Yes, common usage. "He survived the crash" -> "He survived."
    *   However, Sense 1 is defined as "continue to live through hardship". Cancer is a hardship. The patients are living through it. The measure is time.
    *   Sense 2 is "continue in existence after...". If a patient "survives" (Sense 2), they are past the immediate threat. But in a terminal cancer study, "survived" often means "stayed alive for X months" before eventually dying. This fits "continue to live through hardship" (Sense 1) better than the "aftermath" implication of Sense 2 (though Sense 2 covers "survived the cancer" which implies they beat it).
    *   Wait, if the patient eventually dies, did they "survive"? In medical terms, yes, "survival time" is the time they lived.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "We went without water...". "These superstitions survive...". (Enduring/Persisting).
        *   Sense 2: "He survived the cancer". (Coming through a specific crisis).
    *   The context "how long the patients survived" focuses on the duration of life *during* the study, living with the disease.
    *   Sense 1's "continue to live through hardship" fits the "living with cancer" scenario. The hardship is ongoing or defining the state of living.
    *   Sense 2's definition "continue in existence after" is slightly awkward for a duration measurement of life within a terminal disease context where the outcome might be death. One doesn't "survive after" in a duration sense usually; one survives the event and then lives. But "how long they survived" is the duration of life.
    *   Most dictionaries map "survive" (intransitive, remaining alive) to the definition "to remain alive or in existence".
    *   WordNet Sense 1: "continue to live through hardship or adversity". This is the closest to "remain alive" in the face of the disease (adversity).
    *   WordNet Sense 2: "continue in existence after". This implies the adversity is the object. "Survived the cancer".
    *   Syntactically: "The patients survived." (Intransitive).
    *   Sense 2 Example: "He survived the cancer" (Transitive).
    *   Sense 1 Example: "We went without water..." (Intransitive context of enduring). "Superstitions survive" (Intransitive).
    *   Given the intransitive usage "how long the patients survived", Sense 1 is the stronger candidate structurally. It defines the state of persisting through the condition.

    *   Let's double check the mapping.
        *   survive%2:42:01:: -> "continue to live through hardship..."
        *   survive%2:42:02:: -> "continue in existence after..."
    *   The sentence measures *duration*. "How long...". This implies a process of living. Sense 1 captures "continue to live".
    *   Sense 2 captures "coming through".
    *   If a patient survives 6 months, they lived for 6 months. They continued to live (Sense 1).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    Let's double check Sense 3. "Support oneself". "He could barely exist on such a low wage". No, this is financial/subsistence.
    Sense 4. "Live longer than". No.

    Decision is between 1 and 2.
    Context: "how long the patients survived".
    This is intransitive.
    Sense 1: Intransitive examples provided ("We went without water...", "superstitions survive").
    Sense 2: Transitive example provided ("survived the cancer").
    Although "survive" can be used intransitively for Sense 2 meaning (e.g., "Did he survive?"), the definition "continue in existence *after*" implies a specific event object.
    Sense 1 definition "continue to live *through*" allows for the duration focus and the state of living despite the disease.
    Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended choice.

    Let's verify with standard WSD practices for "survive" in medical text.
    In "The patient survived 5 years", it's usually mapped to the "remain alive" sense.
    WordNet 3.0:
    1. survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out -- (continue to live through hardship or adversity; "We went without water and food for 3 days"; "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America"; "The race car driver lived through several very bad accidents"; "how long can a person last without food and water?")
    2. survive, pull through, pull round, come through, make it -- (continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.); "He survived the cancer against all odds")

    Note the example in Sense 1 added above: "The race car driver lived through several very bad accidents". This is actually closer to the "getting through accidents" but it is grouped under Sense 1. Wait, "lived through" is Sense 1. "Survived the cancer" is Sense 2.
    The distinction is subtle.
    Sense 1 emphasizes the *duration* or the *process* of living through. Note the synonym "last".
    Sense 2 emphasizes the *outcome* of getting past the threat. Synonyms "pull through", "make it".

    The context asks: "how long the patients survived".
    The query is about duration ("how long").
    Synonyms for Sense 1 include "last" and "live on".
    This fits the measurement of duration perfectly.
    Sense 2 ("pull through") is binary (did they make it or not?). "How long did they pull through?" sounds awkward. "How long did they last?" or "How long did they live?" sounds natural.

    Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What <t>benefit</t> has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   **Sentence**: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
    *   **Surrounding text**: The text discusses clinical trials of a drug (Alimta) for mesothelioma and lung cancer. It compares survival times and effectiveness of treatments. The question asks about the specific "benefit" (result, positive outcome) observed.
    *   **Meaning**: In this context, "benefit" refers to a positive outcome, a therapeutic advantage, or something that promotes the well-being (specifically survival) of the patients. It is not about money or a performance.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `benefit%1:21:00::` | definition="financial assistance in time of need".
        *   *Evaluation*: Does not fit. The context is medical treatment, not financial aid.
    *   **Sense 2**: `benefit%1:07:00::` | definition="something that aids or promotes well-being" | synonyms="welfare".
        *   *Evaluation*: Fits well. The drug Alimta promotes the well-being of patients by increasing survival time. The synonym "welfare" aligns with the health context.
    *   **Sense 3**: `benefit%1:10:00::` | definition="a performance to raise money for a charitable cause".
        *   *Evaluation*: Does not fit. No performance is mentioned.

3.  **Select the Best Match**:
    *   Sense 2 is the clear winner. The text explicitly mentions "effectiveness was how long the patients survived" and "Alimta increased the survival time". Increasing survival time is "something that aids or promotes well-being".

4.  **Format the Output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Since I selected the second sense listed, the index is 2.

5.  **Final Check**:
    *   Target: benefit.
    *   Context: Medical study results.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "something that aids or promotes well-being".
    *   Match: Yes. The benefit is the therapeutic advantage (survival).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** show
    *   **Target surface form:** shown (past participle)
    *   **Context:** "What benefit has Alimta **shown** during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients..."
    *   **Meaning in context:** The question asks about the "benefit" (effectiveness, positive outcome) that was revealed or demonstrated by the drug Alimta during clinical studies. The text discusses the results of medical trials (survival time increase).

2.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (show%2:39:02::):** "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" (synonyms: demo, exhibit). This is for physical demonstrations or exhibitions. A drug study doesn't "give an exhibition". *Incorrect.*

    *   **Sense 2 (show%2:31:00::):** "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish).
        *   *Analysis:* Clinical studies are designed to establish the validity of a treatment. The context mentions comparing effects and measuring effectiveness. "Alimta showed benefit" means the studies established/proved its benefit.
        *   *Fit:* This is a strong contender. The definition mentions "experiment". The result "increased the survival time" establishes the validity of the drug.

    *   **Sense 3 (show%2:32:00::):** "provide evidence for" (synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).
        *   *Analysis:* This is very similar to Sense 2. "Provide evidence for" fits well. The study results (survival time) provide evidence for the benefit.
        *   *Comparison Sense 2 vs 3:* Sense 2 emphasizes *establishing validity* (often a logical or scientific proof process). Sense 3 emphasizes *providing evidence* (bearing witness).
        *   *Examples:* Sense 2 examples are "The experiment demonstrated...", "mathematician showed...". Sense 3 examples are "blood test showed...", "behavior testified...".
        *   *Context match:* "What benefit has Alimta shown?" The benefit is the outcome. The study results (the evidence) *show* the benefit. This aligns with Sense 3's example "The blood test showed that he was the father" (a test result showing a fact/benefit/outcome).
        *   However, Sense 2's "establish the validity of something" via "experiment" fits the specific context of clinical trials extremely well.
        *   Let's look at the object. The object is "benefit". Can one "establish the validity of a benefit"? Or does one "provide evidence for a benefit"?
        *   Sense 2 examples: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." -> The experiment showed X (a quality/fact).
        *   Sense 3 examples: "The blood test showed that he was the father." -> The test showed Y (a fact).
        *   Sense 10 (show%2:32:03::): "give evidence of, as of records". Example: "The diary shows his distress".
        *   Let's re-read Sense 2 definition: "establish the validity of something...". In the context of a drug study, the goal is to establish the validity of the treatment (efficacy).
        *   Let's re-read Sense 3 definition: "provide evidence for".
        *   Let's look at Sense 4 (show%2:39:00::): "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent". This is plausible in a general way (the benefit became visible), but usually medical contexts rely on the specific "demonstrate/prove/evidence" senses.
        *   Let's look at Sense 10 again. "give evidence of, as of records". "The diary shows his distress". This is often used for inanimate objects acting as evidence. The "studies" (records) show the benefit.
        *   Let's distinguish Sense 3 and Sense 10.
            *   Sense 3: synonyms: testify, prove, evidence. Examples: blood test showed...
            *   Sense 10: synonyms: none listed other than internal. Example: diary shows...
        *   Usually, WordNet distinguishes "prove/establish" (Sense 2/3) from "indicate/reveal data" (Sense 10).
        *   Let's look closer at Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The context is an experiment. "What benefit has Alimta shown?" -> "What benefit has Alimta proven/demonstrated?"
        *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that...".
        *   Sense 10: "give evidence of". "The diary shows..."

    *   *Refining the choice:*
        *   The phrase "show benefit" or "show effectiveness" in a scientific/medical trial context usually maps to the sense of proving, demonstrating, or evidencing the existence/effect.
        *   Sense 2 includes "experiment" in the definition. The context is full of "studies" and "experiments". The definition "establish the validity of something" is exactly what clinical trials aim to do.
        *   Sense 3 is "provide evidence for". This is also correct. The line between 2 and 3 is thin in WordNet.
        *   Sense 2 examples: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." (Scientific experiment showing a property).
        *   Sense 3 examples: "The blood test showed that he was the father." (A test showing a result). "Her behavior testified to her incompetence."
        *   Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent". This is more about display than evidence.
        *   Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". "The diary shows his distress". This often implies the record *contains* the evidence.

        Let's look at the specific phrase "What benefit has Alimta shown".
        Here, "Alimta" (or the study of Alimta) is the subject. "Benefit" is the object.
        Does Alimta "establish the validity of" benefit? Or does Alimta "provide evidence for" benefit? Or does Alimta "demonstrate" benefit?
        Sense 2's synonym "demonstrate" is the standard collocate for "effect" or "benefit" in medicine ("The drug demonstrated efficacy/benefit").
        Sense 2 definition: "establish the validity of something... as by ... experiment".
        Sense 3 definition: "provide evidence for".
        Sense 2 feels slightly stronger because of the word "experiment" in the gloss and the synonym "demonstrate" which fits the register (scientific/medical) better than "testify" (Sense 3 synonym).
        Sense 3's examples involve a blood test and behavior. Sense 2's examples involve an experiment and a mathematician. The medical trial context aligns better with Sense 2.

        Let's check Sense 4 again. "Make visible or noticeable". This is the most general sense. "The study showed an increase." "The thermometer showed heat."
        WordNet often maps "indicate/prove/demonstrate" to specific senses.
        Sense 2: "establish the validity...". The text says "The main measure of effectiveness was...". The study establishes validity.
        "What benefit has Alimta shown?" -> What benefit has been proven/demonstrated.
        Sense 2 Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish.
        Sense 3 Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.

        The distinction often lies in the "establish validity" aspect. Clinical trials are about establishing validity (efficacy).
        Also, Sense 2 examples: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." This is structurally very similar to "Alimta (in the study) showed benefit." (Experiment/Agent shows Property/Result).
        Sense 3 examples: "The blood test showed that he was the father." (Test shows Proposition).
        Here the object is "benefit" (a property/outcome). This matches Sense 2's "instability of the compound" better than Sense 3's "that he was the father" (though both are possible).
        However, Sense 10 "give evidence of, as of records" matches "The diary shows his distress". Is "benefit" an emotion/state like "distress"? Not exactly.

        Let's reconsider Sense 3 vs 2.
        If I say "The drug showed promise", is it Sense 2 (proving it) or Sense 3 (evidencing it)?
        WordNet 3.1 mappings often group "demonstrate" under Sense 2.
        Context: "Alimta increased the survival time...". This is the evidence.
        The question "What benefit has Alimta shown?" asks for the demonstrated outcome.
        Sense 2 seems the most precise fit for a scientific experiment establishing a result.

        Let's look at Sense 1 again just to be sure. "give an exhibition". No.
        Sense 7: "indicate a place". No.
        Sense 9: "indicate a certain reading; of gauges". No.

        It's down to Sense 2, Sense 3, or Sense 10.
        Sense 10: "give evidence of". Example: "The diary shows his distress".
        Sense 2: "establish the validity of". Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability".
        In a clinical trial context, we are validating a hypothesis. The "benefit" is the validity of the treatment.
        Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit due to the scientific/experimental context and the synonym "demonstrate".

        Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again. "The blood test showed that he was the father." A medical test. This is very close to "The study showed benefit."
        Is a clinical trial more like a "blood test" (Sense 3) or an "experiment" (Sense 2)?
        The text says "Alimta has been studied in one main study...". It calls the work a "study".
        Sense 2 gloss explicitly says "as by an example, explanation or **experiment**".
        Sense 2 examples mention "The **experiment** demonstrated...".
        Sense 3 gloss says "provide evidence for".
        Sense 3 examples mention "blood test".
        A clinical trial is a formal experiment. Sense 2 is superior because of the "experiment" keyword in the gloss and the synonym "demonstrate" which is the standard scientific register. "Testify" (Sense 3) is usually for people or things acting like people (behavior), or specific forensic contexts.

        Let's double check Sense 10. "give evidence of". This is often intransitive or used where the subject is a static record. "The diary shows...". "The map shows...". "The thermometer shows...".
        Here the subject is "Alimta" (the drug) or implicitly "The studies of Alimta".
        "What benefit has Alimta shown?" -> Active performance.
        Sense 2 "establish validity" implies an active process of proving.
        Sense 10 implies a state of the record.
        Since the sentence focuses on the drug's performance ("Alimta has shown..."), Sense 2 (demonstrate/prove) fits better than Sense 10 (record contains).

        So, Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
        Sense 2: establish validity, experiment, demonstrate.
        Sense 3: provide evidence, testify, blood test.
        "Demonstrating benefit" is a collocation.
        "Establishing validity" fits the goal of the trials described.
        Therefore, Sense 2 is the winner.

        Let's confirm index numbers.
        1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: (demo)
        2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: (prove, demonstrate) -> Index 2.
        3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: (testify)
        4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: (make visible)
        ...
        10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: (give evidence of records)

        Let's check Sense 4 again. "make visible or noticeable". This is the hypernym for many of these. Often in WSD, if a specific sense exists for the context (scientific demonstration), we take the specific sense over the general "make visible". Sense 2 is specific to "establish validity by experiment".

        Context: "What benefit has Alimta shown...?"
        Synonyms in Sense 2: "prove, demonstrate".
        "What benefit has Alimta demonstrated...?" -> Fits perfectly.
        "What benefit has Alimta evidenced...?" (Sense 3) -> Fits well.
        "What benefit has Alimta made visible...?" (Sense 4) -> Weak.
        "What benefit has Alimta given evidence of...?" (Sense 10) -> A bit clunky.

        Comparison of Sense 2 and Sense 3 definitions again.
        Sense 2: "establish the validity of something". The "benefit" is the validity of the drug's use.
        Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
        The examples for Sense 2 ("The experiment demonstrated...") align perfectly with the context ("one main study", "experiment").
        The examples for Sense 3 ("blood test showed...", "behavior testified...") are less aligned with a formal clinical trial proving efficacy.
        Sense 2 is the best choice.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:** The target lemma is "study" and the surface form is "studies" (plural noun).
2.  **Analyze the context:** The text is a medical text discussing clinical trials of a drug named Alimta.
    *   "Alimta has been studied in one main **study**..."
    *   "compared with those of docetaxel... in one **study**..."
    *   "In all three **studies**, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   "What benefit has Alimta shown during the **studies**?"
    *   The context refers to scientific investigations, specifically clinical trials involving patients, control groups, and measures of effectiveness. These are structured processes of inspection and analysis.
3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `study%1:04:00::` | definition="a detailed critical inspection" | synonyms="survey".
        *   This fits the concept of a clinical trial or scientific investigation. A clinical study is indeed a detailed critical inspection of a drug's effects. The synonym "survey" is often used for statistical studies.
    *   **Sense 2:** `study%1:09:03::` | definition="applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading)" | synonyms="work".
        *   This refers to the act of learning (e.g., studying for an exam). It doesn't fit the context of clinical trials.
    *   **Sense 3:** `study%1:10:00::` | definition="a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" | synonyms="report, written report".
        *   While the results of the studies might be written in a report, the context refers to the *conduct* of the studies ("has been studied in one main study", "during the studies"). The word "studies" here refers to the activities/investigations themselves, not just the final papers. However, this sense is a strong contender in some contexts (e.g., "The study was published yesterday"), but usually, when talking about the "duration" or the "conduct" (during the studies), it refers to the *process* (Sense 1). Let's look closer. Sense 1 is "detailed critical inspection" (the act or process). Sense 3 is the "written document" (the product).
        *   Context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the **studies**?" You show benefit *during* the process/investigation. You don't show benefit *during* a written document. You show benefit *in* a written document.
        *   Context: "In all three **studies**, the main measure of effectiveness..." This refers to the trials themselves.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 (process/inspection) is better than Sense 3 (document).
    *   **Sense 4:** `study%1:09:04::` | definition="a state of deep mental absorption".
        *   Not relevant to clinical trials.
    *   **Sense 5:** `study%1:06:00::` | definition="a room used for reading and writing and studying".
        *   Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 6:** `study%1:09:02::` | definition="a branch of knowledge" | synonyms="discipline, subject".
        *   Not relevant (not "the study of biology", but specific instances of investigation).
    *   **Sense 7:** `study%1:06:01::` | definition="preliminary drawing for later elaboration".
        *   Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 8:** `study%1:09:01::` | definition="attentive consideration and meditation".
        *   Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 9:** `study%1:18:00::` | definition="someone who memorizes quickly".
        *   Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 10:** `study%1:10:01::` | definition="a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique".
        *   Not relevant.

4.  **Refine the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection".
    *   Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings...".
    *   Context phrase: "during the studies". An event happens *during* the study (the investigation). It makes less sense to say something happened *during* the written report. The text describes the methodology: "Alimta has been studied in one main study", "involving 571 patients". This describes the activity of investigation.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct mapping for the *activity* or *instance* of investigation (clinical trial).

5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 corresponds to scientific studies/trials/surveys.
    Index 1 maps to `study%1:04:00::`.

    Let's double check the index number.
    The list starts at 1.
    1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: ... (This is the one).

    Output format requires a JSON object.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta <t>increased</t> the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target lemma:** increase
    *   **Target surface form:** increased
    *   **Context:** A medical text discussing the effectiveness of a drug named Alimta. Specifically: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
    *   **Candidate senses:**
        *   Sense 1: `increase%2:30:00::` | Definition: become bigger or greater in amount | Examples: "The amount of work increased" (intransitive/unaccusative usage).
        *   Sense 2: `increase%2:30:02::` | Definition: make bigger or more | Examples: "The boss finally increased her salary" (transitive usage).

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients..."
    *   Syntactic frame: [Subject: Alimta] [Verb: increased] [Object: the survival time...].
    *   Meaning: Alimta caused the survival time to become longer. It acted upon the survival time to enlarge it.
    *   Transitivity: This is a transitive use of the verb. The subject is the agent/cause (the drug), and the object is the entity undergoing the change (survival time).

3.  **Compare with Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "become bigger or greater in amount".
        *   Example: "The amount of work increased."
        *   Analysis: This is usually the intransitive or ergative sense. The subject *itself* undergoes the change. In "The amount of work increased," the work gets bigger. There is no external agent causing it in the syntax.
        *   Does it fit? "Alimta increased..." implies Alimta is the agent. If we used sense 1, it would mean Alimta itself became bigger (which doesn't make sense in this context) or it's an ergative structure where the object moves to subject position (e.g., "Survival time increased"). But here, "survival time" is the direct object. So Sense 1 is incorrect.
    *   **Sense 2:** "make bigger or more".
        *   Example: "The boss finally increased her salary."
        *   Analysis: This is the transitive causative sense. An agent (the boss) acts on an object (salary) to make it bigger.
        *   Does it fit? Yes. Alimta (agent) acts on survival time (object) to make it bigger/longer. This matches the definition and syntactic structure perfectly.

4.  **Determine the Index:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

5.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   The correct sense is Sense 2.
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 2}`.

6.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "Alimta [Subject] increased [Verb] the survival time [Object]."
    *   Sense 1 definition: "become..." (intransitive).
    *   Sense 2 definition: "make..." (transitive).
    *   The context clearly describes a cause-effect relationship where the drug makes the time longer.
    *   Choice: Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the <t>survival</t> time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target word is "survival" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the Context:** The text discusses medical trials for lung cancer and mesothelioma.
    *   "The main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   "Alimta increased the *survival* time of patients..."
    *   "Patients receiving Alimta... survived for an average of 12.1 months..."
    *   The context is about the duration of life for patients undergoing treatment. It quantifies survival in months ("survival time").
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a state of surviving; remaining alive". Synonyms: endurance.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense refers to the state or condition of being alive. "Survival time" fits this as the duration of the state of remaining alive. This seems to match the medical context of living longer.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment". Synonyms: survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection.
        *   *Analysis:* This is biological/evolutionary context. It does not fit a medical clinical trial about drug efficacy on cancer patients.
    *   **Sense 3:** "something that survives".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a specific object or entity that remains (e.g., "He is a survival from a past era"). It is a countable noun usage (a survival). The context here uses "survival" as an abstract noun modifying "time" or referring to the duration/state, not a specific remnant object.
4.  **Compare Senses 1 and 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is the abstract state. "Survival time" = the time of the state of remaining alive.
    *   Sense 3 is a concrete or abstract remnant. "That custom is a survival."
    *   The phrase "survival time" strongly links to the state/duration of living (Sense 1). The definition "a state of surviving; remaining alive" fits perfectly with measuring how long patients remain alive.
5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 is the correct choice. It describes the state of remaining alive, which is what is being measured in time (months) in the medical context.

*Self-Correction/Double Check:*
Does "survival" refer to "natural selection" here? No.
Does "survival" refer to "something that survives" (Sense 3)? No, "survival time" implies the duration of the state, not a specific object.
Does "survival" refer to "a state of surviving"? Yes. "Increased the survival time" = increased the duration of the state of being alive.

Therefore, sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival <t>time</t> of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:**
    *   Target lemma: `time`
    *   Target surface form: `time`
    *   Context snippet: "Alimta increased the survival `<t>time</t>` of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
    *   Phrase: "survival time".

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses clinical studies of Alimta (a cancer drug).
    *   It talks about "how long the patients survived".
    *   It mentions "survival time" as the duration patients lived after treatment.
    *   It quantifies this time: "average of 12.1 months", "9.3 months".
    *   The core meaning here is a duration or period during which an event (survival) occurs.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1: an instance or single occasion for some event.**
        *   Example: "this time he succeeded".
        *   Fit: No. This implies counting occurrences (frequency), not measuring duration.

    *   **Sense 2: a period of time considered as a resource under your control...**
        *   Example: "take time to smell the roses".
        *   Fit: No. This is about time management or availability, not a measured duration of a biological process.

    *   **Sense 3: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities).**
        *   Example: "he waited a long time".
        *   Fit: This is the closest general definition for "a period of time". "Survival time" is a period marked by the attribute of being alive. It fits the concept of a duration defined by an activity or state. While WordNet's definition says "indefinite", the examples often relate to periods (long time). In standard WSD, this sense often covers measurable durations (like "a long time").

    *   **Sense 4: a suitable moment.**
        *   Example: "it is time to go".
        *   Fit: No. This is about opportuneness.

    *   **Sense 5: the continuum of experience... (abstract time).**
        *   Fit: "Survival time" is a specific measurement *within* the continuum, not the continuum itself (e.g., "time flies" or "time is relative"). However, sometimes specific measurements are instances of the continuum. But usually, "survival time" refers to the *duration* specifically.

    *   **Sense 6: a person's experience on a particular occasion.**
        *   Example: "they had a good time".
        *   Fit: No. Idiomatic usage.

    *   **Sense 7: a reading of a point in time...**
        *   Example: "what time is it?".
        *   Fit: No. This is clock time (10:00 AM), not duration.

    *   **Sense 8: the fourth coordinate... (physics).**
        *   Fit: No. Too technical/abstract.

    *   **Sense 9: rhythm... (music).**
        *   Fit: No.

    *   **Sense 10: the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned.**
        *   Fit: No. Specific to prison.

4.  **Refining the choice between Sense 3 and Sense 5:**
    *   Sense 5 defines Time as the abstract continuum. "Survival time" uses the concept of time to measure duration.
    *   Sense 3 defines Time as "an indefinite period...". "Survival time" is a specific period defined by the attribute of survival.
    *   Let's look at how WordNet handles phrases like "reaction time" or "access time". Often these map to specific hyponyms if available, or the general "period".
    *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "time" referring to a duration (like "a long time") maps to Sense 3 (1:28:00). "Survival time" is a specific duration.
    *   Sense 1 is "occasion" (countable instances).
    *   Sense 5 is the abstract concept.
    *   Sense 3 is "a period of time". "Survival time" = "The period of time someone survives". This aligns best with Sense 3. Even though the definition says "indefinite", the usage "he waited a long time" supports the measurement of duration.

    Let's check if there are other senses.
    *   Is it Sense 2? "Resource"? No.
    *   Is it Sense 1? "Instance"? No.

    Comparing Sense 3 ("an indefinite period...") vs Sense 5 ("continuum").
    If I say "The time required to complete the task was 5 hours", is that Sense 3 or 5? Usually Sense 3 is used for durations in SemCor/WordNet mappings unless it's specifically "Time heals all wounds" (Sense 5).
    "Survival time" refers to the *length* or *period*.
    Definition of Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
    "Survival" is the attribute/activity marking the period.
    Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Check:**
    Context: "survival time" -> The period during which one survives.
    Sense 3: "an indefinite period...". Examples: "he waited a long time".
    This sense captures the "duration/period" aspect of time.
    Sense 5 is the abstract physics/philosophy concept.
    Sense 1 is a single instance/occasion (frequency).

    Selection: Sense 3.

6.  **Construct Output:**
    JSON format required. {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Together