[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each <t>national</t> report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine the best sense for "national" in this passage.

The context is talking about reports for different countries: "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives..." The text mentions that "For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study."

So "national report" refers to a report that is specific to a particular nation/country. The reports are prepared for or about individual nations (each country has its own report).

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
   - This is a general sense meaning "pertaining to a nation or country"

2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
   - This sense is about being limited to a particular nation's interests

3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
   - This is about something covering or applicable to the whole nation

4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
   - This is specifically about government ownership/maintenance

5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
   - This is about domestic/internal matters

6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
   - This is about characteristics of a people

7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin
   - This is about nationality specifically

In this context, "national report" means a report that belongs to or relates to a particular nation. Each country has its own report. The report is "national" in the sense that it pertains to that specific nation - it's "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country."

Sense 1 (sense_key=national%3:01:00::) with definition "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" seems to fit best. The report is specific to each nation - it belongs to that nation, it's about that nation.

Sense 3 about being "applicable to or belonging to an entire nation" could also work, but it's more about things that span a whole nation (like national government, national elections) rather than something specific to a particular nation.

Sense 2 about being "limited to" a nation isn't quite right - the report isn't limited to the nation, it belongs to/relates to the nation.

So I believe sense 1 is the best choice: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country"

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase is "national report" - this could mean:
- A report that belongs to/relates to a specific nation (sense 1)
- A report that covers an entire nation (sense 3)

Given the context where they're discussing reports for multiple countries (each country has its own report), I think sense 1 is still the most appropriate. The report is "national" in that it pertains to a particular nation.

Let me double-check against sense 3: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country". The examples are "the national government; national elections" - these are institutions or events that span the whole nation. A "national report" in this context is more like it belongs to a particular nation rather than spanning a whole nation.

So I'll go with sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national <t>report</t> contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `report`.
    *   Target surface form: `report`.
    *   Context sentence: "Each national <t>report</t> contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses a European conference on social exclusion, a comparative study published by the Foundation (EPOC project), personal interviews, and then zooms in on "Case Studies". It mentions that "Each national report contains a portfolio...". This implies a document, likely a substantial one, detailing findings or initiatives.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   1. `report%1:10:03::`: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group". Synonyms: study, written report. Examples: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale".
    *   2. `report%1:10:01::`: "the act of informing by verbal report". Synonyms: account. Examples: "he heard reports that they were causing trouble". (Abstract act/noun of action).
    *   3. `report%1:10:00::`: "a short account of the news". Synonyms: news report, story, account, write up. Examples: "the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news".
    *   4. `report%1:11:00::`: "a sharp explosive sound". Examples: "they heard a violent report". (Clearly wrong).
    *   5. `report%1:10:04::`: "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment". Synonyms: report card. (School context, wrong).
    *   6. `report%1:10:02::`: "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)". Synonyms: composition, paper, theme. (Academic assignment context, unlikely for a European conference/national level document).
    *   7. `report%1:09:00::`: "the general estimation that the public has for a person". Synonyms: reputation. (Wrong meaning).

3.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   The context refers to "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives...". This is clearly referring to a physical or digital *document*. It is written. It contains specific content (initiatives, policies, practices). It is produced at a national level (likely for the conference/study mentioned earlier).
    *   Sense 1 refers to "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group". The text mentions a "comparative study" earlier, and now refers to a national report containing initiatives/findings. This fits perfectly with a "written document" describing findings/initiatives.
    *   Sense 3 is "a short account of the news". This national report contains 25-30 initiatives. This is too substantial and detailed to be a mere "news report" or "short account". It is a formal document.
    *   Sense 6 is an academic essay. While serious, the context is policy analysis (European conference, social exclusion), not a student assignment. Sense 1 ("written document describing findings") is a better fit for a professional/policy report than Sense 6.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 seems the best fit. It describes a formal written document. The context explicitly mentions a "comparative study" right before, and Sense 1 has "study" as a synonym. The national report is a written document containing findings/initiatives.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instruction requires returning a JSON object like `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 is the target.

    *Let's double check the numbering in the prompt list.*
    1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: (a written document...)
    2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: (the act of informing...)
    3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: (a short account of the news...)
    4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: (a sharp explosive sound...)
    5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: (a written evaluation of a student...)
    6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: (an essay...)
    7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: (reputation...)

    The match is clearly Sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contain
Target surface form: contains
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report <t>contains</t> a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contain%2:42:00:: | definition=include or contain; have as a component | synonyms=incorporate, comprise | examples=A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's
2. sense_key=contain%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, carry | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
3. sense_key=contain%2:41:00:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
4. sense_key=contain%2:42:06:: | definition=be divisible by | examples=24 contains 6
5. sense_key=contain%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=take, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
6. sense_key=contain%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "contains" in this sentence:

"Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community."

The key is to understand what "contains" means in this context. The subject is "Each national report" and the object is "a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives."

Let's analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=contain%2:42:00:: | definition=include or contain; have as a component | synonyms=incorporate, comprise | examples=A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's

This sense is about inclusion - having something as a component or part. In our context, the national report includes/has within it a portfolio of initiatives. This seems relevant.

2. sense_key=contain%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, carry | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water

This sense is about physically holding something within. Reports don't physically hold things like containers do, so this doesn't seem to apply.

3. sense_key=contain%2:41:00:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue

This sense is about restraining or controlling. Not applicable to our context.

4. sense_key=contain%2:42:06:: | definition=be divisible by | examples=24 contains 6

This is a mathematical sense. Not applicable.

5. sense_key=contain%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=take, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon

This is about capacity. Not applicable.

6. sense_key=contain%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia

This is about containing something negative. Not applicable.

The most appropriate sense seems to be sense 1, where "contains" means "include or have as a component." The national report includes a portfolio of initiatives as part of its content. The synonyms "incorporate" and "comprise" fit well with this context.

So the answer is:
{"sense_index":1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best <t>present</t> policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%2:39:00:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=present%2:32:00:: | definition=bring forward and present to the mind | synonyms=represent, lay out | examples=We presented the arguments to him; We cannot represent this knowledge to our formal reason
3. sense_key=present%2:36:00:: | definition=perform (a play), especially on a stage | synonyms=stage, represent | examples=we are going to stage `Othello'
4. sense_key=present%2:40:01:: | definition=hand over formally | synonyms=submit
5. sense_key=present%2:42:00:: | definition=introduce | synonyms=pose | examples=This poses an interesting question
6. sense_key=present%2:40:02:: | definition=give, especially as an honor or reward | synonyms=award | examples=bestow honors and prizes at graduation
7. sense_key=present%2:40:00:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=give, gift | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
8. sense_key=present%2:32:02:: | definition=deliver (a speech, oration, or idea) | synonyms=deliver | examples=The commencement speaker presented a forceful speech that impressed the students
9. sense_key=present%2:32:01:: | definition=cause to come to know personally | synonyms=introduce, acquaint | examples=permit me to acquaint you with my son; introduce the new neighbors to the community
10. sense_key=present%2:36:08:: | definition=represent abstractly, for example in a painting, drawing, or sculpture | synonyms=portray | examples=The father is portrayed as a good-looking man in this painting
11. sense_key=present%2:32:06:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, face | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
12. sense_key=present%2:32:04:: | definition=formally present a debutante, a representative of a country, etc.
13. sense_key=present%2:32:03:: | definition=recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position | synonyms=salute | examples=When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a report that contains a portfolio of initiatives which "best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers."

Let me analyze the senses:

1. "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" - This is about showing something physically, like demoing software or showing dogs. Not quite right here.

2. "bring forward and present to the mind" - This is about presenting arguments, ideas, or knowledge to someone's mind. The examples are "We presented the arguments to him" and "We cannot represent this knowledge to our formal reason." This could work - the initiatives "present" policies and practices, meaning they bring them forward or represent them.

3. "perform (a play), especially on a stage" - This is about theatrical performances. Not applicable.

4. "hand over formally" / "submit" - This is about formally submitting something. The initiatives don't "submit" policies; they display/exhibit/represent them.

5. "introduce" / "pose" - This is about posing questions or introducing topics. Not quite right.

6. "give, especially as an honor or reward" / "award" - Not applicable.

7. "give as a present; make a gift of" - Not applicable.

8. "deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)" / "deliver" - This is about delivering speeches. Not quite right.

9. "cause to come to know personally" / "introduce, acquaint" - This is about introducing people. Not applicable.

10. "represent abstractly, for example in a painting, drawing, or sculpture" / "portray" - This is about artistic representation. Not applicable.

11. "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize" / "confront, face" - Not applicable.

12. "formally present a debutante, a representative of a country, etc." - Not applicable.

13. "recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position" / "salute" - Not applicable.

Looking at the context again: "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices..."

The initiatives are showcasing, exhibiting, or making visible the policies and practices. They're not "submitting" them (sense 4) or giving them as gifts (sense 7). They're not introducing people (sense 9).

Sense 2 "bring forward and present to the mind" with synonyms "represent, lay out" seems closest. The initiatives represent/lay out policies and practices for consideration.

But wait, sense 1 says "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" with synonyms like "show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate." This could also work - the initiatives show/exhibit policies and practices.

Let me think more carefully. The sentence says initiatives "best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers."

This seems to mean that the initiatives display, showcase, or make visible these policies and practices. It's about showing what policies and practices exist or how they work.

Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" - The audience here would be readers of the report. The initiatives show/exhibit the policies.

Sense 2: "bring forward and present to the mind" - This also could work, as the initiatives bring these policies forward for consideration.

I think sense 1 is more appropriate because it's about showing/exhibiting something, which is what the initiatives do - they show/exhibit/illustrate policies and practices in action. The context is about case studies and portfolios that showcase examples.

Actually, let me reconsider. The initiatives "present policies and practices" - this seems to be about showing/displaying/exhibiting them. The synonyms for sense 1 (show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate) fit well here. The initiatives are examples that show/exhibit/demonstrate policies and practices in action.

Sense 2's examples are more about presenting arguments or knowledge to someone's mind in a debate/discussion context.

I'll go with sense 1.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policies
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present <t>policies</t> and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "policy" (plural "policies").
    *   Context snippet: "...a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present <t>policies</t> and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses a European conference on social exclusion, welfare services, a study on direct participation in work, and reports on initiatives for ageing workers.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `policy%1:09:00::` - Definition: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". Examples: "it was a policy of retribution", "a politician keeps changing his policies".
        *   This refers to general plans of action, strategies, or courses of action adopted by organizations or individuals.
    *   **Sense 2:** `policy%1:10:00::` - Definition: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". Examples: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation".
        *   This is more abstract, referring to the reasoning or argument behind a government's action (policy vs. impolicy). It's often used in contexts of political science or debate regarding the wisdom of an action.
    *   **Sense 3:** `policy%1:10:02::` - Definition: "written contract or certificate of insurance". Synonyms: "insurance policy", "insurance". Examples: "you should have read the small print on your policy".
        *   This is specific to the insurance domain.

3.  **Evaluate the fit of each sense in context:**
    *   The sentence says: "...initiatives which best present <t>policies</t> and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."
    *   The context talks about "initiatives", "practices", "recruitment", "training", "development". This refers to organized plans or strategies implemented by organizations (like the Foundation, European Commission, or national bodies) to address social issues and labour market challenges.
    *   **Sense 3 (Insurance):** Clearly wrong. There is no mention of insurance contracts or premiums.
    *   **Sense 2 (Government rationale):** While "policy" is often associated with government (and the context involves government bodies), Sense 2 is specifically about the "line of argument rationalizing" the action. The context here is about concrete "initiatives", "plans", or "courses of action" (doing things to improve recruitment/training). It's about the *plan of action* itself, not just the abstract argument for it. The pairing with "practices" reinforces the idea of concrete actions and procedures.
    *   **Sense 1 (Plan of action):** The text describes a portfolio of initiatives presenting plans of action ("policies") and practices. The entities involved (Foundation, Commission, Ministry) are social groups/organizations adopting these plans to achieve specific goals (improving recruitment of ageing workers). This matches the definition "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". The example "a politician keeps changing his policies" aligns with the general administrative usage found here.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 closely:**
    *   WordNet distinguishes Sense 1 (general plan of action) and Sense 2 (specific line of argument for government action).
    *   In many general contexts, "public policy" or government "policies" are usually mapped to Sense 1 because they are seen as the "plans of action" themselves. Sense 2 is often reserved for the intellectual justification or the "wisdom" of the course of action (policy/impolicy).
    *   The context here: "policies and practices to improve..." This refers to the actual measures and strategies. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct classification.

5.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The target word "policies" refers to plans of action adopted by social groups/organizations to improve conditions.
    *   Matches Sense 1.

    JSON format required: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: practice
Target surface form: practices
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and <t>practices</t> to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context**:
    *   Target lemma: "practice"
    *   Target surface form: "practices"
    *   Context snippet: "...portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and <t>practices</t> to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."
    *   Key phrases nearby: "policies and practices", "initiatives", "improve recruitment, training and development".

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: "a customary way of operation or behavior". Synonyms: pattern. Examples: annual raises, dietary pattern.
        *   This fits the idea of established ways of doing things within an organization or sector. "Policies and practices" is a very common collocation in business/government contexts, referring to the rules (policies) and the actual implementation or customary actions (practices).
    *   **Sense 2**: "systematic training by multiple repetitions". Synonyms: exercise, drill.
        *   This relates to skill acquisition (e.g., piano practice, soccer practice). The context is about organizational initiatives and human resources, not training via repetition in that specific sense.
    *   **Sense 3**: "translating an idea into action". Synonyms: praxis.
        *   This is often contrasted with theory ("theory and practice"). While related, the context "policies and practices" suggests distinct established methods or behaviors rather than the abstract concept of implementation vs. theory.
    *   **Sense 4**: "the exercise of a profession".
        *   This refers to a professional business (law practice, medical practice) or the act of working in a profession. The context discusses organizational initiatives/behaviors, not a specific doctor's office or the act of practicing law.
    *   **Sense 5**: "knowledge of how something is usually done".
        *   This is more about cultural norms or knowledge (e.g., "it is not the local practice"). The target word is plural "practices" referring to specific initiatives/methods, not general knowledge of custom.

3.  **Evaluate Fit**:
    *   The phrase "policies and practices" appears in a text about organizational management, social affairs, and the workplace.
    *   "Practices" here refers to established methods, procedures, or customary behaviors employed by organizations to achieve goals (recruiting ageing workers).
    *   Sense 1 captures "customary way of operation or behavior".
    *   Sense 3 ("translating an idea into action") is close, but "policies and practices" usually denotes specific sets of actions/methods (Sense 1/patterns of behavior) rather than the abstract concept of praxis. The plural form "practices" strongly suggests multiple distinct methods or behavioral patterns, which aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

4.  **Refine Decision**:
    *   Context: "...initiatives which best present policies and practices..."
    *   These are specific ways of operating (recruitment methods, etc.).
    *   Sense 1 definition: "a customary way of operation or behavior".
    *   This matches the meaning of "business practices" or "workplace practices".

5.  **Final Selection**: Sense 1.

6.  **Formatting**: Output JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: improve
Target surface form: improve
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to <t>improve</t> the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=improve%2:30:01:: | definition=to make better | synonyms=better, amend, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The editor improved the manuscript with his changes
2. sense_key=improve%2:30:00:: | definition=get better | synonyms=better, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The weather improved toward evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "improve" in the context: "...policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=improve%2:30:01:: | definition=to make better | synonyms=better, amend, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The editor improved the manuscript with his changes

This is a transitive use - "to make better" - where something is being improved by an agent.

2. sense_key=improve%2:30:00:: | definition=get better | synonyms=better, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The weather improved toward evening

This is an intransitive use - "get better" - where something becomes better on its own.

Looking at the context: "policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers"

Here, "improve" is being used transitively - the policies and practices are meant to make better the recruitment, training and development. The subject (policies and practices) is acting on the object (recruitment, training and development).

This matches sense 1 (improve%2:30:01::) which is the transitive sense "to make better."

The example given for sense 1 is "The editor improved the manuscript with his changes" - similarly, this shows an agent making something better.

Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: training
Target surface form: training
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, <t>training</t> and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming
2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "training" in this passage.

The sentence is:
"Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community."

In this context, "training" refers to the activity of developing skills in ageing workers. It's about preparing workers for their jobs and developing their professional capabilities. This aligns well with the first sense:

1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming

The second sense:
2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples="a woman of breeding and refinement"

This second sense is about social manners and refinement, which doesn't fit with the context of developing workplace skills for ageing workers.

The context clearly refers to professional development and skill-building for workers, which matches sense 1. This is about the process of teaching workers new skills or improving existing ones to enhance their professional capabilities in the workplace.

So the answer is sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: development
Target surface form: development
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and <t>development</t> of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=development%1:04:01:: | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
2. sense_key=development%1:22:02:: | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization
3. sense_key=development%1:22:01:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. sense_key=development%1:11:01:: | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
5. sense_key=development%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
6. sense_key=development%1:15:00:: | definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. sense_key=development%1:26:00:: | definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen
8. sense_key=development%1:22:00:: | definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. sense_key=development%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "development" (noun). The specific context is "...improve the recruitment, training and <t>development</t> of ageing workers...".

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence discusses "initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers".
    *   The context is human resources (HR), specifically concerning "ageing workers".
    *   The word is coordinated with "recruitment" and "training".
    *   "Recruitment" = getting people hired.
    *   "Training" = teaching them skills.
    *   "Development" in an HR context refers to professional growth, skill enhancement, career progression, or expanding the capabilities of the employees. It implies improving the worker's capabilities or status within the company.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1: `development%1:04:01::` | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan...**
        *   This fits the idea of "improving" workers. "Professional development" involves refining skills and expanding capabilities. It is an act/process of improvement.
        *   Coordination with "training" supports this. Training is a specific act of improving; development is a broader act of improving/refining the worker's career path or skills.

    *   **Sense 2: `development%1:22:02::` | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage... | examples=the development of his ideas...**
        *   This is more about natural evolution or abstract progression (ideas, civilization). While a worker's career develops, Sense 1 captures the *act* of improving (which HR policies aim to do) better than this abstract process sense. "Professional development" is an activity/intervention, not just a passive passing of degrees.

    *   **Sense 3: `development%1:22:01::` | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically...**
        *   Biological sense. Not applicable to workers in an HR context.

    *   **Sense 4: `development%1:11:01::` | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation...**
        *   News/event sense. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5: `development%1:04:02::` | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable...**
        *   Land/resources sense. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6: `development%1:15:00::` | definition=a district that has been developed...**
        *   Real estate sense. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 7: `development%1:26:00::` | definition=a state in which things are improving... (chess)**
        *   Game state sense. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 8: `development%1:22:00::` | definition=processing a photosensitive material...**
        *   Photography sense. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 9: `development%1:10:00::` | definition=(music) the section of a composition...**
        *   Music sense. Not applicable.

4.  **Refine Choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the "act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining".
    *   Sense 2 focuses on a "process... passing by degrees to a different stage".
    *   In the phrase "recruitment, training and development", "development" refers to *employee development* (or professional development). This is an HR activity (an act). The policies are designed to *improve* the workers' skills or careers.
    *   Example in Sense 1: "development of a plan".
    *   Example in Sense 2: "development of his ideas", "evolution of Greek civilization".
    *   While a career "evolves" (Sense 2), "training and development" usually refers to specific programs or acts designed to enhance the employee (Sense 1). The coordination with "training" (an act of teaching) strongly suggests "development" is also viewed here as an act/intervention/program of improvement (Sense 1).
    *   Sense 1 is the standard WordNet sense for "professional development" or "employee development" (often grouped under the general improvement sense). It is the act of refining/expanding the worker's utility/skills.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best fit. It captures the "act of improving" (human capital) through expanding skills or refining capabilities.

6.  **Formatting:** Return JSON with index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: workers
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing <t>workers</t> in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "worker", and the surface form is "workers".
2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing <t>workers</t> in both the work place and the community."
    *   Keywords: recruitment, training, development, ageing, workplace, community, policies.
    *   Subject matter: Social affairs, employment, industrial relations, European conference on social exclusion, welfare services.
    *   Meaning in context: The text discusses people who are employed or seeking employment, specifically "ageing workers," and how to improve their recruitment, training, and development. These are individuals working in industrial sectors (mentioned earlier: metal industry, banking) or the general workforce.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `worker%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a person who works at a specific occupation" | Example: "he is a good worker".
        *   This fits well. It refers to employed people or people with jobs/occupations. The context mentions "recruitment, training and development of ageing workers".
    *   **Sense 2:** `worker%1:18:01::` | Definition: "a member of the working class (not necessarily employed)" | Synonyms: "proletarian, prole" | Example: "workers of the world--unite!".
        *   This sense is more socio-political/Marxist, referring to class status rather than specific employment status or occupation. While "workers" can mean the working class, the specific context of "recruitment... of ageing workers" implies specific individuals holding or capable of holding jobs, not just a class category.
    *   **Sense 3:** `worker%1:05:01::` | Definition: "sterile member of a colony of social insects..."
        *   Incorrect. This is about insects.
    *   **Sense 4:** `worker%1:18:02::` | Definition: "a person who acts and gets things done" | Synonyms: "actor, doer".
        *   Incorrect. This is a metaphorical usage (e.g., "a miracle worker"). Here it refers to employees/laborers.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   The text talks about "recruitment, training and development". You recruit, train, and develop employees or people in specific occupations. You don't recruit "members of the working class" in that specific administrative sense; you recruit employees.
    *   The phrase "ageing workers" refers to the demographic of the workforce/employees.
    *   Sense 1 ("a person who works at a specific occupation") is the standard definition for employees/laborers in an industrial or corporate context. The mention of "metal industry" and "banking sector" supports the "specific occupation" aspect, even if broadly applied to the general workforce in the target sentence.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct fit. It describes people employed in jobs, which aligns with "recruitment," "work place," and the industrial context.

6.  **Format output:** The user wants only a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: community
Target surface form: community
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the <t>community</t>. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=community%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people living in a particular local area | examples=the team is drawn from all parts of the community
2. sense_key=community%1:21:00:: | definition=common ownership | examples=they shared a community of possessions
3. sense_key=community%1:14:04:: | definition=a group of nations having common interests | examples=they hoped to join the NATO community
4. sense_key=community%1:26:00:: | definition=agreement as to goals | synonyms=community of interests | examples=the preachers and the bootleggers found they had a community of interests
5. sense_key=community%1:15:00:: | definition=a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences | synonyms=residential district, residential area
6. sense_key=community%1:14:02:: | definition=(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | synonyms=biotic community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "community", and the surface form is "community". The context is about a study regarding ageing workers, recruitment, training, and development. The specific phrase is: "...initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the <t>community</t>."

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The sentence contrasts "the work place" with "the community".
    *   The topic is social policy, ageing workers, and human services.
    *   The context implies a physical or social setting where people live, distinct from where they work. Ageing workers function in two main spheres: their employment site (work place) and their residential/social environment (community).

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1 (community%1:14:00::)**: Definition: "a group of people living in a particular local area". Example: "the team is drawn from all parts of the community".
        *   *Fit*: This fits well. The "community" here refers to the social environment where the ageing workers live and participate when not at work. It contrasts with the workplace. The initiatives are meant to help them in both spheres.

    *   **Sense 2 (community%1:21:00::)**: Definition: "common ownership". Example: "they shared a community of possessions".
        *   *Fit*: No. This is an abstract concept of ownership, not a place or group of people in a location.

    *   **Sense 3 (community%1:14:04::)**: Definition: "a group of nations having common interests". Example: "they hoped to join the NATO community".
        *   *Fit*: No. The context talks about individual workers, not nations or international bodies. While the paragraph mentions the "European Commission", the specific usage "work place and the community" refers to the local sphere of activity.

    *   **Sense 4 (community%1:26:00::)**: Definition: "agreement as to goals". Synonyms: "community of interests".
        *   *Fit*: No. This is an abstract noun phrase usage.

    *   **Sense 5 (community%1:15:00::)**: Definition: "a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences". Synonyms: "residential district, residential area".
        *   *Fit*: This is a close second to Sense 1. However, Sense 5 focuses on the *district* or *area* (geographical/physical), whereas Sense 1 focuses on the *group of people*. In the context of "recruitment, training and development of ageing workers", the focus is often on the people/social environment (e.g., community centers, community engagement, living among neighbors). Sense 1 is usually the default hypernym for "people living together". The distinction between Sense 1 (group of people) and Sense 5 (residential area) can be subtle. Let's look at the contrast again: "work place and the community". "Workplace" implies a location but contains people. "Community" here likely refers to the social unit or the people living in the area, rather than just the geographic district. Often, "community" encompasses the people and the interactions. Sense 1 is the most standard definition for the "social environment" contrasted with "work environment".

    *   **Sense 6 (community%1:14:02::)**: Definition: "(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms...". Synonyms: "biotic community".
        *   *Fit*: No. This is biological/ecological, not sociological.

4.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 5**:
    *   Sense 1: "a group of people living in a particular local area".
    *   Sense 5: "a district where people live".
    *   Context: "...improve the recruitment... in both the work place and the community."
    *   If we say initiatives happen "in the community", are we referring to the district (Sense 5) or the body of people (Sense 1)?
    *   Usually, when discussing social services and ageing workers, "community" refers to the social sphere involving local residents (Sense 1). For instance, "community care", "community work". These refer to the people and the social structure.
    *   However, Sense 5 is specifically "residential district".
    *   Let's check the examples in WordNet for Sense 1: "the team is drawn from all parts of the community". This fits the social aspect.
    *   Sense 5 example (implied by synonyms): usually maps to physical locations.
    *   In the phrase "in the community", it acts as a locative, but the entity "community" is fundamentally the collectivity of people. If I say "he is active in the community," I mean the social group. Sense 1 is the primary sociological sense. Sense 5 is more geographical.
    *   Furthermore, looking at the provided examples for Sense 1 ("the team is drawn from all parts of the community"), it aligns with the human element of the text (ageing workers).
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit for the social setting of the workers.

5.  **Final Check**:
    *   Target: community.
    *   Context: Social exclusion, welfare services, ageing workers, workplace vs community.
    *   Sense 1 definition: a group of people living in a particular local area.
    *   Matches the contrast between the professional environment (workplace) and the local social/residential environment (community).

    The distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 5 is the classic "people vs place". "Community" often conflates them, but Sense 1 (people) is the core definition used in sociology and social policy contexts (like "social exclusion"). Sense 5 is "residential area". While the people live in an area, the entity referenced regarding social integration and initiatives is the body of people (the community). Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Output Generation**: JSON format. Sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each <t>country</t>, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Form:** The target is "country" (noun). The context is a paragraph discussing a comparative study, national reports, and initiatives in European countries.

2.  **Analyze the Context Sentence:** "For each <t>country</t>, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study."
    *   The sentence talks about selecting initiatives *for each country*.
    *   The surrounding context mentions "fifteen European countries," "national level peak organisations," and "national report."
    *   The usage refers to a political/national entity involved in a study, reporting data, and implementing policies.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic).
        *   This refers to the political entity or the state apparatus.
        *   While "country" often implies this, the context focuses on the geographical territory or the nation-state as a unit of analysis for the study (alongside others).

    *   **Sense 2:** "the territory occupied by a nation" (synonyms: state, land).
        *   Example: "he visited several European countries."
        *   The context mentions "fifteen European countries." This aligns perfectly with Sense 2's example.
        *   The study covers specific nations/territories. "For each country" means for each specific national territory or entity being studied.

    *   **Sense 3:** "the people who live in a nation or country" (synonyms: nation, land).
        *   Example: "the news was announced to the nation."
        *   This sense focuses on the population/people. The context is about initiatives selected *in* the country, reported *on* the country. While it affects the people, the word "country" here refers to the unit (the nation-state/territory), not specifically the populace as a collective noun (e.g., "the whole country watched"). The sentence "For each country... initiatives have been selected" implies the geopolitical entity.

    *   **Sense 4:** "an area outside of cities and towns" (synonyms: rural area).
        *   Example: "slower pace of life in the country."
        *   This is the "countryside" meaning. Clearly incorrect here, as the context discusses "European countries" and national reports.

    *   **Sense 5:** "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary... distinguished by its people or culture or geography" (synonyms: area).
        *   Example: "Bible country."
        *   This is a looser sense of region. "European countries" implies defined nation-states, not vague regions.

4.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   WordNet distinguishes between the "political organization" (Sense 1) and the "territory" (Sense 2).
    *   In the phrase "fifteen European countries" and "For each country," the distinction is subtle. However, Sense 2 has the example: "he visited several European countries."
    *   The context says: "The study is based on ... interviews ... in fifteen European countries."
    *   This matches Sense 2's specific example almost word-for-word.
    *   Sense 1 examples: "the state has elected a new president." This focuses on the government/body politic aspect.
    *   The usage "fifteen European countries" and "For each country" is standard usage for the territory occupied by a nation or the state itself. Sense 2 is the most standard mapping for "countries" in a list of nations (e.g., France, Germany, etc.). It encompasses the territory and the concept of the nation.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2's definition again: "the territory occupied by a nation."
    *   Let's look at Sense 1's definition again: "a politically organized body of people..."
    *   When we do a study across "countries," we are usually looking at the entities defined by their borders/territory (Sense 2) or the political units (Sense 1).
    *   However, the example provided under Sense 2 ("he visited several European countries") is the closest parallel to the context's "fifteen European countries."
    *   Sense 1 often implies the *government* aspect (synonyms: res publica, commonwealth).
    *   Sense 2 often implies the *land/geographical entity* (synonyms: land).
    *   The context mentions "national report," "initiatives," "employment patterns." These happen within the territory/borders of the nation.
    *   The example sentence for Sense 2 ("he visited several European countries") is a very strong indicator. The text mentions "fifteen European countries".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "fifteen European countries".
    *   Sense 2 Example: "he visited several European countries".
    *   This is a direct match.
    *   Target sentence: "For each country..." refers back to those specific entities (the territories/nations).

    Result: Sense2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case_study
Target surface form: case study
Context:
The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth <t>case study</t>. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case_study%1:10:00:: | definition=a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
2. sense_key=case_study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine which one best matches the target word "case study" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses a comparative study on direct participation in workplaces, conducted by the Foundation as part of the EPOC project. It mentions that national reports contain portfolios of initiatives related to the recruitment, training, and development of aging workers. Then, it states that for each country, "two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study." These case studies analyzed the background of initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organizations, and assessed benefits and problems.

The target "case study" in this context refers to a detailed examination of specific initiatives related to employment and workplace practices. It's about analyzing specific initiatives or programs, not necessarily about a corporation or a person/group.

Now let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure"
   - This sense focuses on studying social units like corporations to understand success/failure factors.

2. "a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view"
   - This sense focuses on analyzing individuals or groups from social/psychological/medical perspectives.

In the given context, the case studies are examining initiatives related to employment practices, not specifically corporations or individuals/groups from a medical/psychological perspective. The initiatives are workplace programs or practices, and the case studies are analyzing their backgrounds, impacts, and benefits/problems.

While neither definition perfectly captures this context, sense 1 seems closer as it mentions studying social units and determining factors of success/failure, which is somewhat analogous to analyzing workplace initiatives to understand their impacts and benefits/problems.

Since I need to choose the single best indexed sense and these are my only options, I would select sense 1 as it more closely aligns with the context of analyzing workplace initiatives to understand their effectiveness.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case_study
Target surface form: case studies
Context:
The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These <t>case studies</t> analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case_study%1:10:00:: | definition=a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
2. sense_key=case_study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the appropriate sense of "case studies" in this passage.

The context discusses:
- Personal interviews with senior officials in European countries
- Industrial sectors (metal industry, banking sector)
- A conference on social exclusion
- National reports containing portfolios of initiatives
- Policies and practices for recruitment, training, and development of ageing workers
- Case studies that analyze initiatives, their impact on employment patterns, and work organizations
- Visits and interviews with key personnel

The target phrase is "case studies" which is referring to in-depth analyses of specific initiatives related to employment practices for ageing workers. These case studies analyze backgrounds of initiatives, impacts on employment patterns and work organizations, and assess benefits and problems.

Let me compare this with the candidate senses:

Sense 1: "a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure"
This sense focuses on studying a social unit like a corporation to determine success or failure factors.

Sense 2: "a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view"
This sense focuses on analyzing a person or group from specific perspectives.

In the given context, the case studies are focused on analyzing initiatives (policies and practices) rather than directly studying a social unit or a person/group. The case studies are analyzing initiatives aimed at improving recruitment, training, and development of ageing workers.

Neither sense is a perfect match, but I need to determine which is closer.

Sense 1 is about studying social units (like corporations) to determine success/failure factors. The case studies in the context are analyzing initiatives rather than social units, but they do assess benefits and problems (somewhat akin to success/failure factors).

Sense 2 is about analyzing a person or group from social, psychological, or medical perspectives. The context doesn't suggest this kind of individual-focused or psychological/medical analysis.

Given the options, Sense 1 seems more applicable because:
1. The case studies are analyzing initiatives within organizations/workplaces, which could be considered "social units"
2. They're assessing benefits and problems, which relates to determining success/failure factors
3. The context mentions employment patterns and work organizations, which aligns with studying organizational or corporate aspects

Sense 2 seems less applicable because:
1. The focus isn't on individuals or groups from psychological/medical perspectives
2. The analysis is more about organizational/employment initiatives rather than personal characteristics

Based on this analysis, Sense 1 appears to be the better match for the use of "case studies" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyse
Target surface form: analysed
Context:
The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies <t>analysed</t> the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyse%2:31:00:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=analyse%2:31:04:: | definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyze | examples=analyze today's financial market
3. sense_key=analyse%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyze, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
4. sense_key=analyse%2:31:02:: | definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyze, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the target lemma "analyse" (past participle form "analysed").

The context sentence is:
"These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=analyse%2:31:00::
   - Definition: consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning
   - Synonyms: analyze, study, examine, canvass, canvas
   - Examples: analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial

2. sense_key=analyse%2:31:04::
   - Definition: break down into components or essential features
   - Synonyms: analyze
   - Examples: analyze today's financial market

3. sense_key=analyse%2:31:01::
   - Definition: make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features
   - Synonyms: analyze, break down, dissect, take apart
   - Examples: analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence

4. sense_key=analyse%2:31:02::
   - Definition: subject to psychoanalytic treatment
   - Synonyms: analyze, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse
   - Examples: I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

In the given context, the case studies "analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations". This is referring to examining and considering these topics in detail to understand them better. The case studies looked at various aspects of initiatives (background, impact, benefits, problems).

Sense 4 is clearly not applicable here, as it specifically refers to psychoanalytic treatment.

Sense 3 involves breaking down into components in a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical way, which doesn't quite fit the context of analyzing initiatives and their impacts.

Between senses 1 and 2, sense 1 ("consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning") seems to match best with the context. The case studies examined the background, impact, benefits, and problems of initiatives in detail to understand their meaning and essential features. The examples for sense 1 (analyzing a sonnet or evidence in a trial) also align well with the type of detailed examination described in the context.

Sense 2's definition is "break down into components or essential features" which is somewhat similar, but the example "analyze today's financial market" suggests a more structural or component-based analysis rather than the detailed examination described in the context.

Therefore, sense 1 (analyse%2:31:00::) is the best match for the target word in this context.