[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "...with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>."
    *   Phrase of interest: "in the near term".
    *   Meaning: This refers to a period of time in the immediate future.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a word or expression used for some particular thing" (e.g., medical terms). Incorrect. This is vocabulary-related.
    *   Sense 2: "a limited period of time" (e.g., a prison term, school term). Correct. "In the near term" means "in the near future" or "for a limited period close to now".
    *   Sense 3: "a statement of what is required as part of an agreement" (e.g., terms of the treaty). Incorrect. While the context discusses treaties/agreements, the specific usage "in the near term" refers to time, not conditions of a contract.
    *   Sense 4: "any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial". Incorrect. Mathematical context.
    *   Sense 5: "one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition". Incorrect. Logic context.
    *   Sense 6: "the end of gestation". Incorrect. Pregnancy context.
    *   Sense 7: "a statue or a human bust...". Incorrect. Architectural context.

3.  **Compare context with Sense 2:**
    *   The phrase "in the near term" is a common idiom meaning "in the near future" or "shortly".
    *   Definition Sense 2: "a limited period of time".
    *   Example Sense 2: "he left school before the end of term".
    *   The usage aligns perfectly. The text discusses reductions over the next 40 years, but specifically mentions the burden in the "near term" (the immediate period).

4.  **Select the best index:**
    *   Sense 2 is the correct definition.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles..."
    *   Context description: A document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions was released at a U.N. conference. The "text" refers to this document or the specific written content within it.
    *   Target word: "text" (noun).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `text%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: "the words of something written".
        *   Synonyms: "textual matter".
        *   Examples: "there were more than a thousand words of text", "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech".
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to the actual wording/content of a document, often distinct from illustrations or other elements, or just referring to the written work itself. It fits well with a formal document drafted at a conference (a draft plan/agreement). It encompasses the specific wording of the proposed deal.

    *   **Sense 2:** `text%1:10:03::`
        *   Definition: "a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon".
        *   Analysis: The context is a U.N. climate conference, not a religious sermon. This is clearly incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `text%1:10:02::`
        *   Definition: "a book prepared for use in schools or colleges".
        *   Synonyms: "textbook", "schoolbook".
        *   Analysis: The context is a political conference document, not an educational book. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `text%1:10:01::`
        *   Definition: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)".
        *   Examples: "pictures made the text easier to understand".
        *   Analysis: While the document has a "main body", this sense specifically contrasts text with images/footnotes. In the context of "The text ... could provide the basis for a final political deal", the reference is to the document or the wording of the agreement as a whole entity, not specifically distinguishing it from pictures (though Sense 1 and 4 can be close, Sense 1 is broader regarding the words of something written). Sense 1 is generally used for the actual wording/content of a document (like a legal text or the text of a speech). Sense 1 examples ("printed text of the mayor's speech") align well with "The text... outlining ambitious reductions".

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 4 is specifically about the *main body* contrasted with *paratext* (images, footnotes).
    *   Sense 1 is "the words of something written". It is often used for official documents, scripts, or the wording itself.
    *   In the phrase "The text... could provide the basis for a final political deal", "text" refers to the document's wording/content as the substance of the agreement. It is synonymous with the draft wording.
    *   Sense 1's example "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" is structurally similar to "released a document... The text...".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "basis" appears in the phrase: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases..."

Let me analyze the context:
- A U.N. climate conference is discussing a document
- This document could provide the "basis" for a final political deal
- The document outlines greenhouse-gas reductions and highlights obstacles

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis

2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture

3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

In this context, the "basis" refers to the foundational document or framework from which a final political deal would be developed. The text provides the starting point or foundation for negotiations.

Looking at sense 2: "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained" - this fits well. The text/document serves as the groundwork from which the political deal will be developed. The synonyms "base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone" all fit this context well. The example "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture" shows a similar usage where something is built upon a foundation.

Sense 1 with examples like "he worked on an interim basis" doesn't quite fit - this is more about the conditions or terms under which something operates, not a foundational document.

Sense 3 with examples like "the basis of this drink is orange juice" refers to the main ingredient or essential component, which doesn't fit this context.

The best sense is sense 2, as the document provides the groundwork/foundation from which the political deal will be developed.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   **Target word**: "deal" (noun).
    *   **Context**: A U.N. climate conference is discussed. There's a document outlining reductions. This document could provide the basis for a final political "deal" to regulate greenhouse gases. World leaders are arriving. There are negotiations involved.
    *   **Key phrases**: "final political deal", "regulate greenhouse gases", "agreement", "negotiation", "parties" (nations).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `deal%1:04:02::` - "a particular instance of buying or selling". Synonyms: trade, business deal. Examples: package deal.
        *   *Fit*: While there might be economic implications, this is a political agreement/treaty, not a specific commercial transaction or trade instance.
    *   **Sense 2**: `deal%1:10:00::` - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each". Synonyms: bargain. Examples: bargain with the devil, shady deals.
        *   *Fit*: This matches perfectly. The context describes a negotiation between nations (parties) to fix obligations regarding emissions (greenhouse gases). It is a "political deal".
    *   **Sense 3**: `deal%1:23:00::` - "(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent". Synonyms: batch, flock, good deal. Examples: a deal of trouble.
        *   *Fit*: Grammatically incorrect ("a final political deal" vs "a deal of"). Meaning is wrong.
    *   **Sense 4**: `deal%1:27:00::` - "a plank of softwood".
        *   *Fit*: Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 5**: `deal%1:27:01::` - "wood that is easy to saw".
        *   *Fit*: Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 6**: `deal%1:14:00::` - "the cards held in a card game".
        *   *Fit*: Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 7**: `deal%1:11:00::` - "the type of treatment received".
        *   *Fit*: Irrelevant context.
    *   **Sense 8**: `deal%1:04:00::` - "the act of distributing playing cards".
        *   *Fit*: Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 9**: `deal%1:04:01::` - "the act of apportioning or distributing something".
        *   *Fit*: Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare the best candidates**:
    *   Sense 1 (Business/Trade) vs Sense 2 (Agreement).
    *   The text mentions "political deal", "negotiation", "obligations", "parties" (industrialized nations). This aligns perfectly with the definition of Sense 2: "an agreement between parties... fixing obligations of each".

4.  **Select the indexed sense**:
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2 in the provided list (assuming the list is 1-indexed as per the standard output format of "Sense 1", "Sense 2", etc., or simply mapping the item number).
    *   Let's check the mapping.
        *   Item 1 -> Sense 1
        *   Item 2 -> Sense 2
    *   The definition for Item 2 is: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".
    *   The context is about a "final political deal" resulting from a "negotiation".

5.  **Final Output Generation**:
    *   The correct index is 2.

    Let's double check sense indexing.
    1. deal%1:04:02:: (buying/selling)
    2. deal%1:10:00:: (agreement) -> Matches "political deal", "negotiation", "obligations".
    ...

    Therefore, the index is 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "The text ... highlighted the remaining *obstacles* as much as it illuminated a path forward."
    *   Context description: A U.N. climate conference drafting a plan to reduce emissions. There is unruly posturing and mutual recriminations.
    *   Target: "obstacles" refers to things blocking the path to a political deal or agreement.
    *   Nature of the obstacles: In a negotiation context, "obstacles" are usually disagreements, political hurdles, unresolved issues, or conflicting interests. These are intangible, abstract problems, not physical objects.

2.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   Sense key: `obstacle%1:09:00::`
    *   Definition: "something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted"
    *   Synonyms: obstruction
    *   Examples: "lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement"; "the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education".
    *   Fit: The obstacles in the text (political disagreements, negotiation hurdles) are "immaterial" or abstract. They stand in the way of a deal. This fits perfectly with the negotiation context where the "obstacles" are points of contention, not physical roadblocks.

3.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   Sense key: `obstacle%1:06:00::`
    *   Definition: "an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)"
    *   Context in WordNet hierarchy (Lexicographer File 1:06 usually refers to artifacts/objects, while 1:09 refers to attributes/abstractions, though sometimes hierarchies are tricky). Let's look at the definition closely.
    *   Sense 2 generally implies a physical object (e.g., a hurdle on a race track, a fallen tree on a road, a barrier).
    *   Fit: While the definition allows for a broad interpretation, the distinction between "immaterial" (Sense 1) and the default physical interpretation (often associated with the general "obstruction" sense in 1:06) is the key discriminator here.
    *   Wait, let's check standard WordNet hierarchies.
        *   `obstacle%1:09:00::` falls under `hindrance, impediment, impedimenta` (often abstract or abstract hindrance).
        *   `obstacle%1:06:00::` (often referred to as the physical obstruction sense). Actually, checking the definition "an obstruction that stands in the way...", this is often the Artifact sense.
    *   The context is a "negotiation". The obstacles are "unruly posturing", "mutual recriminations", and issues "highlighted" in a text. These are abstract issues. They are not physical barriers.

4.  **Comparison:**
    *   Context: "remaining obstacles" in a negotiation text.
    *   Are these obstacles physical? No.
    *   Are they immaterial? Yes (political disagreements, lack of consensus).
    *   Sense 1 definition explicitly says "something *immaterial*".
    *   Sense 2 is the general sense, often implying physical objects, or is defined more broadly but lacks the specific marker of immateriality that distinguishes it in fine-grained WSD tasks. In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
        *   Sense 1: `obstacle%1:09:00::` ("something immaterial...")
        *   Sense 2: `obstacle%1:06:00::` ("an obstruction...") -> This is usually the physical sense (artifact).
    *   The examples for Sense 1 ("lack of imagination", "poverty") align perfectly with the context of negotiation problems (abstract hurdles).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The obstacles are issues in a negotiation (abstract/immaterial).
    *   Sense 1 defines "something immaterial".
    *   Index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: path
Target surface form: path
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "path" in this sentence.

The context sentence is:
"The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward."

The phrase "illuminated a path forward" is being used in a metaphorical sense, referring to a way forward or a course of action that could be taken to address climate change negotiations. It's talking about a plan or direction for moving forward with political negotiations and greenhouse gas regulations.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
   - This sense is about a course of conduct or way of life, which seems to apply to moral or life choices. The examples "path of virtue" and "separate ways" suggest personal or moral conduct.

2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
   - This sense seems to refer to a physical path or way designed for a specific purpose, like a walking path.

3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
   - This sense refers to a route or itinerary, which could be either physical travel or a more abstract path of progress.

4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal
   - This sense is about the trajectory of something moving, like a hurricane's path or an animal's track.

In this context, "illuminated a path forward" is being used metaphorically to describe a course of action or direction for the negotiations. It's not about physical movement (senses 2, 3, or 4), but rather about a course of conduct or a way forward in a more abstract sense.

Looking at sense 1, "a course of conduct" seems to fit well with the context of political negotiations and plans. The metaphor is about illuminating a way forward or a course of action for dealing with climate change issues.

Sense 3 could potentially fit if we interpret "path" as a route forward in negotiations, but the definition "an established line of travel or access" seems more physical than the metaphorical use here.

I think sense 1 is the best match here. The phrase "path forward" is a common metaphorical expression meaning a course of action or way to proceed, which aligns well with "a course of conduct" in sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advance
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `advance`
    *   Target surface form: `advance`
    *   Context: "But it was seen as an important **advance** in a negotiation that is running out of time..."
    *   The sentence describes a document released during a U.N. climate conference. This document is seen as a positive step forward in the negotiation process, though it highlights obstacles. It's a movement towards a goal (a political deal).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `advance%1:11:00::`
        *   Definition: a movement forward
        *   Synonyms: progress, progression
        *   Examples: he listened for the progress of the troops
        *   Analysis: This seems to refer to physical movement or general forward motion. "Movement forward" is close, but the example ("troops") suggests physical spatial movement. The context is abstract (negotiation).

    *   **Sense 2:** `advance%2:30:02::` (Wait, the input list has specific indices).
        *   Let's look at the provided indices (1 through 6).
        *   **Sense 2:** `advance%1:11:01::`
            *   Definition: a change for the better; progress in development
            *   Synonyms: improvement, betterment
            *   Analysis: This captures the *nature* of the advance well. The document represents progress in the development of the negotiation. It is a positive change.

    *   **Sense 3:** `advance%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others
        *   Synonyms: overture, approach, feeler
        *   Examples: she rejected his advances
        *   Analysis: This refers to social or romantic overtures. Not relevant here.

    *   **Sense 4:** `advance%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)
        *   Synonyms: progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
        *   Analysis: This definition includes "(as toward a goal)". The context is a negotiation aiming for a "final political deal". Therefore, this document represents a step toward that goal. This is a strong contender. It distinguishes itself from Sense 1 by explicitly mentioning "toward a goal". The difference between Sense 2 (change for the better/development) and Sense 4 (moving toward a goal) needs fine-tuning. In negotiations, an "advance" is usually a step toward the final agreement (the goal), which constitutes progress.

    *   **Sense 5:** `advance%1:21:00::`
        *   Definition: an amount paid before it is earned
        *   Synonyms: cash advance
        *   Analysis: Financial context. Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `advance%1:04:01::`
        *   Definition: increase in price or value
        *   Synonyms: rise
        *   Analysis: Financial/Market context. Not relevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 2 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development". Synonyms: improvement, betterment.
    *   Sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)". Synonyms: progress, progression, advancement.

    *   Contextual clues: "...important **advance** in a negotiation...".
    *   Is it an "improvement/betterment" (Sense 2) or a "movement toward a goal" (Sense 4)?
    *   Negotiations are processes defined by moving toward a goal (an agreement). While it is a positive step (improvement), the structural aspect of "advance" in a procedural context (like a negotiation or war) fits Sense 4 better. Sense 2 usually applies to conditions or states (e.g., "an advance in medical science"). Sense 4 applies to processes and actions directed at an objective (e.g., "an advance in the negotiation," "an advance on the enemy position").
    *   WordNet hierarchy:
        *   Sense 1 is often physical motion (troops).
        *   Sense 4 is often abstract motion toward a goal.
        *   However, looking closely at WordNet 3.0/3.1 data:
            *   Sense 1 (1:11:00) is "a movement forward".
            *   Sense 4 (1:04:00) is "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)".
            *   Sense 2 (1:11:01) is "a change for the better; progress in development".
    *   The text says "important advance in a negotiation".
    *   Is a negotiation "development"? Yes. Is it a "goal-oriented action"? Yes.
    *   Let's check synonyms.
        *   Sense 2 synonyms: improvement, betterment.
        *   Sense 4 synonyms: progress, progression, advancement.
    *   "It was seen as an important **progress/advancement** in a negotiation" flows well.
    *   "It was seen as an important **improvement** in a negotiation" sounds slightly off. An improvement *in* a negotiation might mean the negotiation became more efficient or polite. An advance *in* a negotiation usually means the parties have moved closer to the deal (the goal).
    *   Therefore, the "movement toward a goal" aspect of Sense 4 fits the context of "negotiation running out of time" and seeking a "deal" better than the "improvement" aspect of Sense 2.

    *   Let's double check the distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 4.
        *   Sense 1: "he listened for the progress of the troops". This is physical.
        *   Sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)".
    *   In a negotiation, you don't move physically, you move abstractly toward the goal. Sense 4 covers the "toward a goal" aspect explicitly.

    *   Wait, let me check if WordNet actually has a specific sense for "progress in a process".
    *   Sense 1 (1:11:00) is defined as "a movement forward".
    *   Sense 4 (1:04:00) is defined as "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)".
    *   Often, these are mapped in different ways depending on the version.
    *   However, in standard WordNet (3.0), `advance%1:04:00::` corresponds to the noun "advance" defined as "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)".
    *   `advance%1:11:01::` corresponds to "a change for the better; progress in development".
    *   Consider the phrase "advance in a negotiation". Does it mean the negotiation got better (Sense 2)? Or does it mean the negotiation proceeded toward its conclusion (Sense 4)?
    *   The context says: "gained renewed focus... outlining ambitious... reductions... illuminated a path forward... important advance in a negotiation". It marks a step in the *process*.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 4 include "advancement". "An important advancement in a negotiation" is a valid collocation.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 2 include "improvement". "An important improvement in a negotiation" usually implies fixing a flaw in the negotiation process, not necessarily moving closer to a deal. But here, they released a text that illuminates a path forward. It is a step *forward*.
    *   "Forward motion" (Sense 4 synonym) is the key metaphor. The text illuminated a path forward.
    *   Sense 4 seems the most accurate because it captures the "moving toward a goal" (the deal) aspect of a negotiation.

    *   Let's check Sense 1 vs Sense 4 again.
    *   Sense 1 (1:11:00) is "a movement forward".
    *   Sense 4 (1:04:00) is "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)".
    *   Often, `advance` in the context of "scientific advance" or "advance in technology" is Sense 2 (improvement/development).
    *   But "advance in a negotiation" or "military advance"?
    *   Military advance is usually Sense 1 or 4 (movement toward enemy/goal).
    *   Negotiation advance? It's metaphorical movement toward a goal.
    *   Sense 4's definition "act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" is the broadest definition for abstract progress toward an objective.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion".
    *   "It was seen as an important **progress** in a negotiation". (Grammatically "a progress" is awkward, but "make progress" is standard). Noun countability: "an advance".
    *   "It was seen as an important **advancement** in a negotiation". This works.
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: "improvement, betterment".
    *   "It was seen as an important **improvement**". While true that the situation improved, the specific word "advance" in negotiation contexts usually refers to the *process* of getting closer to the agreement (the goal).
    *   Thus, Sense 4 is the better fit because of the "toward a goal" specification.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 2. Is "advance" in "negotiation" synonymous with "breakthrough" or "improvement"?
    *   The text says it "illuminated a path forward".
    *   It is a "step" forward.
    *   Steps are movements toward a goal.
    *   Therefore Sense 4.

    *   Wait, I need to be careful about WordNet sense numbering.
    *   Common usage of "advance" often conflates these.
    *   However, looking at WordNet 3.1:
        *   S: (n) advancement, advance (the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)) -> This corresponds to sense 4 in the list provided (`advance%1:04:00::`).
        *   S: (n) advance, improvement, betterment (a change for the better; progress in development) -> This corresponds to sense 2 in the list (`advance%1:11:01::`).
    *   Context: "advance in a negotiation".
    *   Negotiations are goal-oriented processes (goal = deal).
    *   The document marks a movement toward that goal.
    *   Sense 4 is "act of moving forward (as toward a goal)".
    *   Sense 2 is "change for the better; progress in development".
    *   While there is overlap ("progress" is a synonym for both), the specific constraint of "toward a goal" in Sense 4 aligns perfectly with "negotiation".
    *   Is a negotiation a "development"? Not really. It's a process.
    *   "Scientific advance" is definitely Sense 2 (improvement/development of knowledge).
    *   "Military advance" is Sense 1 or 4 (movement toward goal/enemy).
    *   "Negotiation advance" falls under the metaphorical movement toward the goal (Sense 4).

    *   Decision: Sense 4.

    Let's verify the index mapping.
    1: advance%1:11:00:: (movement forward - general/physical)
    2: advance%1:11:01:: (change for the better - development)
    3: advance%1:10:00:: (suggestion - social)
    4: advance%1:04:00:: (moving forward toward a goal)
    5: advance%1:21:00:: (money)
    6: advance%1:04:01:: (price rise)

    Context: "important advance in a negotiation".
    A negotiation is a process aimed at a goal (a deal).
    The document represents a step toward that goal.
    Sense 4 fits best.

    Let's check if Sense 1 is a viable distractor.
    Sense 1 definition: "a movement forward". Example: "he listened for the progress of the troops".
    This is purely spatial.
    Sense 4 definition: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)".
    This is spatial or abstract, but goal-oriented.
    The negotiation is abstract and goal-oriented.
    Sense 4 is superior to Sense 1.

    Let's check Sense 2 again.
    Sense 2 definition: "a change for the better; progress in development".
    Example of Sense 2 usage: "recent advances in medicine".
    In medicine, the "goal" isn't the primary framing; "development" or "betterment" is.
    In a negotiation, the "goal" (deal) is the primary framing.
    The text says "illuminated a path forward".
    "Forward" implies direction toward a goal.
    This reinforces Sense 4.

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the correct choice.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: "negotiation" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text discusses a U.N. climate conference.
    *   It mentions "unruly posturing," "mutual recriminations," and a "document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions."
    *   The sentence with the target word is: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time..."
    *   This refers to the process of delegates/countries trying to reach a deal on climate change.
    *   It involves discussions, drafting texts, trying to agree on terms (burden sharing, money).
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `negotiation%1:10:00::` | Definition: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" | Synonyms: dialogue, talks | Examples: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days", "they disagreed but kept an open dialogue". This focuses on the communicative act/discussion aspect. It fits well with "climate conference" and "posturing" and "recriminations".
    *   **Sense 2**: `negotiation%1:04:00::` | Definition: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms". This is broader and often refers to the abstract process or the act of doing it, sometimes with a slightly more functional or business-oriented tone. However, in WordNet hierarchy, `1:10` is usually "communication" (act) and `1:04` is usually "act/action" (abstract). Let's look closely at the examples provided by WordNet for Sense 1 vs Sense 2. Usually, WordNet distinguishes between the specific instance of discussion (Sense 1) and the process/activity (Sense 2).
    *   Let's look at the provided examples for Sense 1: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days". This matches the usage here: "an important advance in a [long process of discussions]".
    *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 2: "the activity or business of...". This often feels more like the *concept* or *skill* of negotiation, though the definition says "activity". However, Sense 1 explicitly defines it as "a discussion intended to produce an agreement".
    *   In the context "an important advance in a negotiation", the word refers to the specific ongoing series of discussions/talks aimed at a deal.
    *   Comparison:
        *   Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement". Synonyms: "dialogue", "talks". The context mentions a conference, posturing, recriminations, and drafting text. These are elements of "talks" or "dialogue".
        *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms". While valid, Sense 1's definition "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" is the standard definition for diplomatic negotiations in this context. The conference *is* a discussion. The document provides a basis for a deal.
    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 1: "dialogue", "talks". The text refers to a "climate conference". A conference involving discussions to make a deal is essentially "talks".
    *   Let's check the specific phrasing "in a negotiation". Does it mean "in a specific instance of discussion" (Sense 1) or "in the process/activity" (Sense 2)?
        *   Example for Sense 1: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days".
        *   Usage in text: "an important advance in a negotiation".
        *   Sense 1 seems to capture the specific event/series of discussions better. Sense 2 is often defined as the process of negotiation in a more abstract or professional capacity, though the line is thin.
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy mental model. Sense 1 (1:10:00) usually maps to `communication` or `talk`. Sense 2 (1:04:00) maps to `act` or `activity`.
    *   In most WSD datasets (like SemCor), "negotiation" regarding peace talks, buyouts, treaties, etc., maps to the "discussion/talks" sense (Sense 1). The specific communicative event is Sense 1.
    *   The text mentions "posturing and mutual recriminations". This is behavior *during* a discussion/talk. Therefore, the negotiation *is* the discussion.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit. "A negotiation" here is equivalent to "the talks" (synonyms for Sense 1).

    Let's double-check Sense 2. Is it ever used for a specific instance? "The negotiation was difficult." Usually that's Sense 1. Sense 2 is often used for the *concept* or the *act* in general, e.g., "Negotiation is an art," or "He is good at negotiation." However, WordNet glosses for Sense 2 ("activity or business of negotiating...") can be tricky.
    Let's look at the Sense 1 definition again: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement".
    Context: "U.N.-sponsored climate conference... characterized by posturing...". This is a discussion. Goal: "final political deal" (agreement).
    This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

    Sense 1 = a discussion (specific instance/category).
    Sense 2 = the activity/business (often uncountable or abstract).

    The text uses "a negotiation" (singular count noun).
    Sense 1 example: "the buyout negotiation".
    The text: "an important advance in a negotiation".
    This parallel confirms Sense 1. Sense 2 is often "negotiation" (mass noun) or refers to the general activity.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."
    *   Phrase: "running out of time".
    *   Meaning: The negotiation has a limited duration or window of opportunity available to achieve a result before a deadline (the arrival of world leaders). The resource (time) is becoming scarce.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "an instance or single occasion for some event" (examples: "this time he succeeded"). This refers to a specific occurrence. "Running out of an instance" doesn't fit well.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" (examples: "take time to smell the roses", "I didn't have time to finish").
        *   Analysis: The phrase "running out of time" strongly implies that time is a resource being consumed or depleted. The negotiation needs this resource to finish the deal. This aligns perfectly with the definition "a period of time considered as a resource... sufficient to accomplish something".
    *   **Sense 3:** "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" (examples: "he waited a long time"). This refers to a duration generally, but misses the "resource" aspect crucial to "running out of". You run out of a resource, not just a generic period.
    *   **Sense 4:** "a suitable moment" (examples: "it is time to go"). This refers to timing/appropriateness. "Running out of suitable moment" is not the intended meaning.
    *   **Sense 5:** "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past". This is the abstract philosophical concept of Time. You don't "run out of" the continuum itself; you run out of *available* time to do something.
    *   **Sense 6:** "a person's experience on a particular occasion" (examples: "had a good time"). Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 7:** "a reading of a point in time as given by a clock" (examples: "what time is it?"). Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 8:** "the fourth coordinate...". Physics definition. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 9:** "rhythm...". Music. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 10:** "the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned". Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 2 vs. Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 3 is "an indefinite period".
    *   Sense 2 is "a period of time considered as a resource... sufficient to accomplish something".
    *   The context is a negotiation needing to finish before leaders arrive. The time available is a resource they are depleting. "Running out of time" is the classic idiomatic usage for Sense 2 (resource constraint). The examples "I didn't have time to finish" parallels "running out of time [to finish the deal]".

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the best fit because it specifically defines "time" as a limited resource used to accomplish tasks, which is exactly how it is used in "running out of time".

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
    *   Target index is 2.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leader
Target surface form: leaders
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world <t>leaders</t> arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: leader.
    *   Target surface form: leaders.
    *   Context: A news article about a U.N. climate conference. The specific phrase is "...with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."
    *   Candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: "a person who rules or guides or inspires others".
        *   Sense 2: "a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers" (synonyms: drawing card, loss leader).
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. No hedging.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses political figures ("world leaders") arriving in Copenhagen for a conference.
    *   Key phrase: "world leaders". This refers to presidents, prime ministers, heads of state, etc.
    *   These are people in positions of authority who guide or rule their respective nations.

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "a person who rules or guides or inspires others".
    *   Fit: Perfect fit. "World leaders" are individuals who rule or guide nations. They are political figures.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers".
    *   Synonyms: drawing card, loss leader.
    *   Fit: This is a business/marketing term. It refers to products (like milk or bread sold cheaply to get people into a store). It does not apply to people attending a UN conference.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct meaning. The index is 1.

6.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user requested JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma**: "week".
2.  **Analyze the context**: "with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>."
    *   The sentence is discussing a timeline relative to the current moment (Friday, as stated in the text "gained renewed focus Friday").
    *   It refers to a specific block of time in the near future ("next week").
    *   This is a standard calendrical usage of "week".
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1 (week%1:28:00::)**: "any period of seven consecutive days". Synonyms: hebdomad. Examples: "it rained for a week".
        *   This is the most general definition of a week (a duration).
    *   **Sense 2 (week%1:28:01::)**: "hours or days of work in a calendar week". Synonyms: workweek. Examples: "they worked a 40-hour week".
        *   This refers specifically to labor/work hours. The context is about a conference and arrival times, not work schedules/payroll.
    *   **Sense 3 (week%1:28:02::)**: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday". Synonyms: calendar week.
        *   This refers to the specific unit on the calendar (Sunday to Saturday).
4.  **Disambiguate**:
    *   The context says leaders are arriving "next week".
    *   While Sense 1 ("any period of seven consecutive days") captures the duration, "next week" specifically refers to the calendar unit following the current one.
    *   Sense 3 ("a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday") is often considered the specific "calendar week".
    *   However, WordNet sense distinctions can be subtle.
    *   Let's look at the distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 3 in WordNet.
        *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days". This is the duration sense (e.g., "a week of silence").
        *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday". This is the specific time slot on the calendar.
    *   The phrase "next week" usually refers to the upcoming calendar week (Sense 3). It refers to a specific slot in the timeline, not just a random 7-day duration starting from whenever.
    *   If I say "I will see you next week", I mean the calendar week starting usually on Monday or Sunday depending on the culture.
    *   Does WordNet treat "calendar week" (Sense 3) as the standard sense for "next week"?
        *   Usually, "next week" implies a specific time unit on the calendar.
        *   Sense 1 is more for durations like "For a week, he stayed there."
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3. "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1. "any period of seven consecutive days".
    *   In the phrase "next week", we are referring to the specific calendar entity.
    *   Let's check the mapping.
        *   Sense 1: Generic duration (hebdomad).
        *   Sense 3: Calendar unit.
    *   "Next week" refers to the specific calendar unit. Therefore, Sense 3 seems appropriate. However, often dictionaries or NLP tasks default to the most generic sense (Sense 1) if the "starting on Sunday" restriction of Sense 3 is considered too specific or culturally biased (since many places start the week on Monday).
    *   WordNet 3.1 (and 3.0) definition for Sense 3 is "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".
    *   If the context implies the standard calendar week (which "next week" does), Sense 3 is the specific definition provided.
    *   However, many WSD systems treat Sense 1 as the default for "week" in most contexts unless "workweek" is explicitly meant (Sense 2) or the specific calendar definition is contrasted.
    *   Let's look at the examples.
        *   Sense 1: "it rained for a week". (Duration).
        *   Sense 3: No example listed in the prompt, but definition is "starting on Sunday".
    *   In standard English usage, "next week" refers to the calendar week.
    *   Is Sense 1 "any period of seven consecutive days"? If I say "next week", does it fit Sense 1? Yes, it is a period of 7 days.
    *   Does it fit Sense 3? Yes, it is a period of 7 days starting on Sunday (or Monday, but WordNet specifies Sunday).
    *   Which is *better*?
        *   "Next week" acts as a specific temporal index marker, which aligns with "calendar week".
        *   "For a week" acts as a duration measurement, which aligns with Sense 1.
    *   Context: "arriving in Copenhagen next week". This refers to the specific upcoming calendar slot.
    *   Sense 3 is defined specifically as the calendar week. Sense 1 is a generic duration.
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the more precise fit for "next week" compared to Sense 1, even though Sense 1 covers the duration aspect.
    *   Wait, let me double check standard WSD mappings for "week".
    *   Often Sense 1 (wn30: week%1:28:00) covers "calendar week" in some annotations, but WordNet separates them.
    *   Let's look at the "starting on Sunday" constraint in Sense 3. This is a specific definition of a calendar week in the US/WordNet context.
    *   If the text were "The conference lasts a week", Sense 1 would be better.
    *   Since the text says "next week", it points to the specific calendar unit.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again. Sense 1 is "any period...". Sense 3 is "a period... starting on Sunday".
    *   "Next week" is a deictic reference to the calendar. It is not just *any* period of 7 days (which could start on a Wednesday), it is the specific next cycle of the calendar.
    *   Thus, Sense 3 is the correct choice for "next week" in a rigorous WordNet disambiguation task, distinguishing the calendar unit from the generic duration unit.

    *   Counter-argument: Does Sense 3 require the week to *actually* start on Sunday? In a general context, "next week" just means the next calendar block. WordNet's definition "starting on Sunday" is the specific definition it assigns to "calendar week" (Sense 3). Since "next week" invokes the calendar, Sense 3 is the intended target for calendar references, distinguishing it from "a week" (duration, Sense 1).
    *   Therefore, Sense 3.

    *   Let's verify Sense 2. "workweek". Not applicable.

    *   Choice remains between 1 and 3.
    *   Sense 1: Duration measure. Example: "a week passed".
    *   Sense 3: Calendar slot. Example: "next week", "last week".
    *   Most lexicographers distinguish between the duration (duration of time) and the timeline unit (calendar week).
    *   "Next week" refers to the timeline unit.
    *   Therefore, Sense 3.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the <t>text</t> is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the lemma "text" in the provided context.

**Target Lemma U.N. climate conference drafting a document.

Let's analyze the context:
"The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases..."
"Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the <t>text</t> is silent on how much money rich countries would give..."

The word "text" here refers to a formal document or written draft produced by a committee (the U.N. working group). It contains the words of the agreement/draft plan.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1.  **sense_key=text%1:10:00::**
    *   Definition: the words of something written
    *   Synonyms: textual matter
    *   Examples: "there were more than a thousand words of text"; "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech"
    *   Analysis: This sense refers to the actual wording or the written content itself. The context mentions a "document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions". The "text" refers to the written content of this document/draft. It fits the general idea of a written work or the words within it.

2.  **sense_key=text%1:10:03::**
    *   Definition: a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon
    *   Examples: "the preacher chose a text from Psalms..."
    *   Analysis: This is specific to religious contexts. The current context is political/legal (U.N. document). Incorrect.

3.  **sense_key=text%1:10:02::**
    *   Definition: a book prepared for use in schools or colleges
    *   Synonyms: textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text
    *   Examples: "his economics textbook..."
    *   Analysis: This refers to a textbook. The document in the text is a draft plan/agreement, not a textbook. Incorrect.

4.  **sense_key=text%1:10:01::**
    *   Definition: the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)
    *   Examples: "pictures made the text easier to understand"
    *   Analysis: This sense specifically contrasts the "text" with illustrations or footnotes. While the document is a written work, the usage here refers to the *whole document* or the *specific wording of the draft agreement*, not necessarily just the main body excluding footnotes. However, often sense 1 and sense 4 can be close. Sense 1 ("the words of something written") is broader and fits "the text of the agreement" perfectly. The context doesn't emphasize the distinction between text and images; it emphasizes the existence of the written draft itself.

Let's refine the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 4.
Sense 4 is usually used when distinguishing text from non-text elements (images, graphs, footnotes). E.g., "The text was dense, but the diagrams helped."
Sense 1 is "the words of something written". The example "printed text of the mayor's speech" is very close to "the text of the agreement" or "the text outlining reductions". The context refers to the document's wording ("The text... is silent on...", "The text... highlighted the remaining obstacles"). It refers to the content/word.

Is there a0/3.1 sometimes maps "text" to "textual matter" (sense 1).
Let's look at the specific examples for Sense 1 again: "there were more than a thousand words of text", "printed text of the mayor's speech".
Let's look at the context again: "The text... could provide the basis for a final political deal". Here "text" acts as a metonym for the document or the specific wording of the document.
If I look at the structure: "Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text..."
It refers to, "the text the "wording" aspect best.
Sense 4 is structural (main body vs periphery).
Sense 3 is "textbook".
Sense 2 is "Bible passage".

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It refers to the written words of the draft plan.

Double check indices.
1 -> text%1:10:00:: (%1:10:02:: (textbook)
4 -> text%1:10:01:: (main body vs illustrations)

Wait, usually WordNet orders senses by frequency.
WordNet 3.1 order for 'text' (noun):
1. text, textual matter -- the words of something written...
2. text -- the main body of a written work...
3. text, textbook -- a book prepared for use in schools...
4. text -- a passage from the Bible...

However, the prompt provides a specific list order.
Candidate sense 1: text%1:10:00:: (words of something written)
Candidate sense 2: text%1:10:03:: (Bible passage)
Candidate sense 3: text%1:10:02:: (textbook)
Candidate sense 4: text%1:10:01:: (main body)

The prompt's list order is different from the standard frequency list (which usually puts textbook before

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: money
Target surface form: money
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much <t>money</t> rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
2. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "money" appears in this context: "the text is silent on how much <t>money</t> rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term."

Let me analyze the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
   - This is about money as a medium of exchange, legal tender

2. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
   - This is about money as wealth/assets

3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs
   - This is about money as official currency

In the context, the sentence is talking about "how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming." This is about financial assistance/wealth being transferred from one country to another. The money here refers to funds/resources/wealth that rich nations would provide.

The context is not specifically about a particular currency (like dollars or euros), so sense 3 seems less appropriate.

It's also not just about money as legal tender/medium of exchange in a general sense. The context is about wealth/funds being given as assistance.

Sense 2 (wealth reckoned in terms of money) seems to fit best because the text is discussing financial resources/wealth that rich countries would provide to poor countries. The "how much money" refers to the amount of wealth/funds that would be transferred.

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase "how much money" rich countries would give - this could be interpreted as:
- Sense 1: money as the medium of exchange they would give
- Sense 2: wealth being transferred
- Sense 3: specific currency (less likely since no specific currency is mentioned)

I think this is primarily about money as wealth/funds (sense 2), because the discussion is about the financial resources/wealth being provided by rich countries to poor countries for climate adaptation.

Actually, I need to think more carefully. When we say "give money" in everyday usage, we typically mean the first sense - the medium of exchange. But in this political/economic context about international aid, it's really about wealth/funds being transferred.

Let me look at the examples again:
- Sense 1: "we tried to collect the money he owed us" - this is about money as payment/medium of exchange
- Sense 2: "all his money is in real estate" - this is about wealth/assets
- Sense 3: "he changed his money into francs" - this is about currency

The context is about international financial assistance. Rich countries giving money to poor countries - this is about providing financial resources/wealth. The "how much money" asks about the quantity of financial resources.

I believe sense 2 is the best fit because this is about wealth/funds being allocated as international aid, not just about the medium of exchange function of money.

Hmm, but I could also see an argument for sense 1 - the basic medium of exchange sense. When we talk about "giving money," we often mean the basic concept of money as something that can be given/transferred.

Looking at the context more carefully: "how much money rich countries would give poor ones" - this is asking about the amount of financial assistance. This is fundamentally about wealth/resources.

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich <t>countries</t> would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target lemma is "country", appearing as "countries" (plural) in the text.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term."
    *   Surrounding context: The article discusses a U.N. climate conference, greenhouse-gas reductions, "industrialized nations," "world leaders," "developed and major emerging economies."
    *   Specific usage: "rich countries would give poor ones".
    *   Meaning in context: The text refers to political entities (states, nations) acting on a global stage (giving money, negotiating deals). These are distinct geopolitical units with governments and defined borders.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `country%1:14:00::` | definition: a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on the political entity/government aspect. This fits very well. "Rich countries" refers to the states/governments of those nations acting politically and economically. The synonym "nation" is used earlier in the text ("industrialized nations").

    *   **Sense 2:** `country%1:15:00::` | definition: the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms: state, land.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on the physical territory. While countries do occupy territory, in the phrase "rich countries would give money," the agency lies with the political entity/government, not the dirt or the land mass itself. Sense 1 is a stronger fit because of the political organization aspect involved in a UN conference.

    *   **Sense 3:** `country%1:14:01::` | definition: the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms: nation, land.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the population as a collective noun (e.g., "the whole country was shocked"). Here, "rich countries" are acting agents negotiating treaties and dispensing aid. While the people pay taxes, the entity acting is the state/government. Sense 1 captures the "politically organized body" better than just "the people." Often, "country" can be metonymic (government for country), but Sense 1 specifically defines it as the "politically organized body," which aligns with the government's role in the UN context.

    *   **Sense 4:** `country%1:15:01::` | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area.
        *   *Analysis:* This is the "countryside" sense. Completely wrong context.

    *   **Sense 5:** `country%1:15:02::` | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary... | synonyms=area.
        *   *Analysis:* This is like "mining country" or "Bible country." Not applicable to sovereign states in a UN conference.

4.  **Differentiating Sense 1 and Sense 2 (and 3):**
    *   Sense 1 defines "country" as a "politically organized body of people under a single government."
    *   Sense 2 defines it as "the territory occupied by a nation."
    *   Sense 3 defines it as "the people who live in a nation."

    In the context of the UN, climate deals, and transferring money, the entity involved is the *state* or *government*. The text mentions "industrialized nations" earlier. "Rich countries" are political entities engaging in policy.
    *   Is it the territory? No, the land isn't giving money; the government/state is.
    *   Is it the people? No, it's the political body representing them.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 ("politically organized body... under a single government") is the most precise definition for a country acting on an international political stage. Synonyms like "state" and "nation" fit perfectly.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

    *   Index 1 corresponds to `country%1:14:00::`.

    Double-checking the definitions against standard WSD practices:
    *   Context: "industrialized nations", "world leaders", "developed... economies".
    *   "Country" here is synonymous with "state" or "nation".
    *   Sense 1 encompasses the political organization.
    *   Sense 2 is strictly territory.
    *   Sense 3 is strictly population/demographic mood.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for "country" in international relations contexts.

    Result: Sense 1.

    JSON format required: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor <t>ones</t> to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: one
    *   Target surface form: ones
    *   Context: A news article about a U.N. climate conference. The specific sentence is: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor **ones** to cope with global warming over the short and long term."
    *   Candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: The numeral/number (1, I, ace, single, unity).
        *   Sense 2: A single person or thing (indefinite pronoun usage).
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense. Return only JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The phrase is "rich countries would give poor **ones**".
    *   "Ones" is a pronoun here, standing in for a noun mentioned previously or understood from context.
    *   The antecedent is "countries".
    *   "Rich countries" contrasts with "poor ones".
    *   Syntactically, "ones" functions as a plural substitute for the noun "countries". It refers to entities (countries) rather than the number 1.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (one%1:23:00::):** Definition: "the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number".
        *   This refers to the mathematical concept of 1 or the numeral.
        *   Examples: "he has the one but will need a two...", "lunch at one".
        *   Does it fit? No. "Poor ones" does not mean "poor number 1s". It doesn't refer to the integer.

    *   **Sense 2 (one%1:09:00::):** Definition: "a single person or thing".
        *   Examples: "he is the best one", "this is the one I ordered".
        *   WordNet structure note: In WordNet, the lemma `one` often groups the indefinite pronoun usages (like "the big one", "the red ones") under the concept of a single entity or thing. Although the definition says "a single person or thing", this node usually covers the pronominal use where "one" substitutes for a count noun.
        *   Wait, WordNet 3.0/3.1 structure for `one` can be tricky. Let's look closely at the provided candidates.
        *   Sense 2 definition: "a single person or thing".
        *   Does it fit? Yes. Here, "ones" refers to "things" (specifically countries). It is the anaphoric pronoun usage. Even though the text uses the plural "ones" and the definition says "a single person or thing", this sense node is the standard WordNet location for the pronoun "one" referring to an entity, distinct from the numeral. The definition provided is slightly singular-centric, but the examples ("this is the one") and the synonym/sense hierarchy distinguish it from the numeral sense.
        *   Let's check if there's a specific "pronoun" sense in standard WordNet not listed here?
        *   Standard WordNet 3.0:
            *   1: one, 1, I, ace, single, unity (the smallest whole number...)
            *   2: one (a single person or thing) -> "he is the best one".
        *   There isn't usually a separate sense for "plural ones" in the main WordNet hierarchy for the noun/adjective/pronoun `one`. It falls under the sense representing the entity.
        *   Context: "poor ones" = "poor countries". This fits the concept of "a thing" (or things) much better than the concept of "the number 1".

4.  **Comparison:**
    *   Sense 1 is the numeral (mathematical).
    *   Sense 2 is the entity/pronoun (referential).
    *   The context requires the referential pronoun usage.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Sentence: "...rich countries would give poor [ones]..."
    *   Substitution: "...rich countries would give poor [countries]..."
    *   Sense 2 definition says "a single person or thing". While the definition uses singular phrasing, this is the standard WordNet entry for the pronoun "one". Sense 1 is strictly the number. Using the number sense here is impossible. Using the "person or thing" sense is the intended disambiguation.

6.  **Construct Output:**
    *   Selected Index: 2.