[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: moment
Target surface form: moment
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a <t>moment</t>, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=moment%1:28:00:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=minute, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
2. sense_key=moment%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=mo, minute, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=moment%1:28:02:: | definition=at this time | synonyms=here and now, present moment | examples=the disappointments of the here and now; she is studying at the moment
4. sense_key=moment%1:07:00:: | definition=having important effects or influence | synonyms=consequence, import | examples=decisions of great consequence are made by the president himself; virtue is of more moment than security
5. sense_key=moment%1:19:00:: | definition=a turning force produced by an object acting at a distance (or a measure of that force)
6. sense_key=moment%1:09:00:: | definition=the n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed value

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "moment"
    *   Target surface form: "moment"
    *   Context sentence: "The three of us stopped breathing for a <t>moment</t>, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway."
    *   Situation: An earthquake is happening. The narrator and clients are in a shaking building. They stop breathing for a specific, short duration out of shock/fear, before reacting (lunging for the doorway).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (sense_key=moment%1:28:00::):**
        *   Definition: a particular point in time
        *   Synonyms: minute, second, instant
        *   Examples: "the moment he arrived the party began"
        *   Analysis: This usually refers to a specific temporal milestone or a precise instant often used as a reference point (e.g., "at that moment"). While an "instant" is short, the usage here ("for a moment") suggests duration rather than just a point marker. However, sometimes "moment" as a point in time can overlap with short duration, but usually, this sense focuses on the *occurrence* at a specific time.

    *   **Sense 2 (sense_key=moment%1:28:01::):**
        *   Definition: an indefinitely short time
        *   Synonyms: mo, minute, bit
        *   Examples: "wait just a moment"; "in a mo"
        *   Analysis: This fits the construction "for a [noun]". "For a moment" implies a short duration of time. The context describes a physiological reaction (stopped breathing) that lasted a very short time before they reacted. This aligns perfectly with the definition "an indefinitely short time" and the example "wait just a moment".

    *   **Sense 3 (sense_key=moment%1:28:02::):**
        *   Definition: at this time
        *   Synonyms: here and now, present moment
        *   Examples: "she is studying at the moment"
        *   Analysis: This refers to the present time frame, often used with "at the moment". The text says "for a moment", which indicates duration, not the state of the present.

    *   **Sense 4 (sense_key=moment%1:07:00::):**
        *   Definition: having important effects or influence
        *   Synonyms: consequence, import
        *   Examples: " abstract meaning of moment (importance/significance). Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 5 (sense_key=moment%1:19:00::):**
        *   Definition: a turning force... (physics).
        *   Analysis: Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6 (sense_key=moment%1:09:00::):**
        *   Definition: statistics definition.
        *   Analysis: Not applicable.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is "a particular point in time". Example: "The moment he arrived..." (Time index).
    *   Sense 2 is "an indefinitely short time". Example: "Wait just a moment." (Duration).
    *   The phrase in the text is "stopped breathing *for a* moment".
    *   "For a moment" indicates a measurement of duration, however short. It answers "how long?" rather than "when?".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice. It refers to a brief period of time they spent not breathing.

4.  **Formatting the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The sense key is `moment%1:28:01::`.
    *   The candidate senses are indexed 1 through 6 in the list provided.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   ...
    *   Sense 2 is the target. So `{"sense_index": 2}`.

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Text: "stopped breathing for a moment".
    *   Definition 2: "an indefinitely short time".
    *   Synonyms: "mo, minute, second, bit".
    *   Fit

provider: Amazon Bedrock


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: kept
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it <t>kept</t> on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "kept" in the context: "The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway."

Let me analyze the context:
- This is about an earthquake (building shaking, rocking around)
- "it kept on coming" - the shaking/earthquake continued
- The phrase "kept on coming" indicates continuation of an action or state

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: - "keep in a certain state, position, or activity" - this is about maintaining something in a state
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: - "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" with synonyms "continue, go on, proceed, go along" and examples "Keep on working!" - This seems to match! The phrase "kept on coming" means the earthquake continued.
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: - "retain possession of" - doesn't fit
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: - "stop (someone or something) from doing something" - doesn't fit
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: - "conform one's action or practice to" - doesn't fit
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: - "stick to correctly or closely" - doesn't fit
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: - "look after; be the keeper of" - doesn't fit
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: - "maintain by writing regular records" - doesn't fit
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: - "supply with room and board" - doesn't fit
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: - "allow to remain in a place or position" - doesn't fit
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: - "supply with necessities and support" - doesn't fit
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: - "fail to spoil or rot" - doesn't fit
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: - "behave as expected during of holidays or rites" - doesn't fit
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: - "keep under control; keep in check" - doesn't fit
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: - "maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger" - doesn't fit
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: - "raise" - doesn't fit
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: - "retain rights to" - doesn't fit
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: - "store or keep customarily" - doesn't fit
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: - "have as a supply" - doesn't fit
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: - "maintain for use and service" - doesn't fit
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: - "hold and prevent from leaving" - doesn't fit
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: - "prevent (food) from rotting" - doesn't fit

The clear answer is sense 2 (keep%2:42:07::) - "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" with the example "Keep on working!" which matches the structure "kept on coming" in the context.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: coming
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on <t>coming</t> we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on **coming** we lunged for the doorway."
    *   Scenario: An earthquake is happening. The building is shaking. The shaking "kept on coming".
    *   Subject: "it" (referring to the earthquake, the shaking, the movement).
    *   Action: Continuing to approach, occur, or move towards them in a sustained way. It implies the intensity or the waves of the earthquake continuing.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: move toward, travel toward something or somebody...* -> Matches the physical movement of the earthquake waves towards the location or the intensity increasing/approaching.
    *   *Sense 2: reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress* -> "It kept on arriving" doesn't fit well with "kept on". Earthquakes don't "arrive" repeatedly in that sense, they hit or continue.
    *   *Sense 3: come to pass; arrive, as in due course* -> Abstract event occurrence. "It kept on happening"? Plausible, but usually used for events starting, not necessarily the physical sensation of a quake "coming" at you. "It kept on coming" suggests physical movement or force.
    *   *Sense 4: reach or enter a state...* -> Not fitting.
    *   *Sense 7: come forth* -> "A scream came..." Not fitting the earthquake context.
    *   *Sense 13: happen as a result* -> Not fitting.

    Let's look closer at Sense 1 ("move toward").
    *   Example: "He came singing down the road."
    *   Context: The earthquake (it) kept on moving towards or approaching the location. Or simply, the physical shaking continued to approach/move.
    *   "Coming" in "kept on coming" often implies forward motion or approach.
    *   Let's check Sense 11 ("cover a certain distance"). "She came a long way." Not quite right.
    *   Let's check Sense 1 again. "Move toward, travel toward... approach".
    *   In earthquake descriptions, we often hear "the shockwaves came" or "the wave was coming". Here, the shaking "kept on coming" suggests it didn't stop moving towards or through the area. It implies movement and progression.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    *   Sense 3: "come to pass". "The first success came three days later."
    *   Context: "when it kept on coming". This construction ("kept on -ing") strongly implies a continuous action or movement.
    *   If it were Sense 3, it would likely be "when it kept on happening". "Coming" is more dynamic/physical.
    *   The earthquake is a physical force moving through the ground. It is approaching or moving through.
    *   "It kept on coming" is an idiom often used for something approaching physically (like a train, a wave, or a threat).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (movement toward/approach) captures the physical nature of the seismic waves or the sensation of the building rocking.

    Let's reconsider Sense 2 ("reach a destination").
    *   "It kept on arriving". No.
    *   Sense 1 ("move toward... approach"). "It kept on approaching". This fits better.

    Let's look at Sense 7 ("come forth"). "His breath came hard." This refers to emission or production. Not an earthquake shaking.

    Let's look at Sense 17 ("come to one's mind"). Irrelevant.

    Let's consider the phrase "kept on coming".
    *   Usage example: "The truck kept on coming." (Sense 1).
    *   Usage example: "The pressure kept on coming." (Sense 1 metaphorically or Sense 3 abstractly).
    *   In the context of an earthquake, it is physical movement. The seismic waves are moving.
    *   Sense 1 is the most physical sense of movement towards the observer.

    Let's check if there's a specific "endure/continue" sense. No.
    Let's check if Sense 1 fits "kept on coming". Yes, "He came singing down the road" implies a process of moving. "Kept on coming" means continued to move toward/approach.
    The building was rocking. The shaking was approaching/moving through. The physical motion aspect is paramount.

    Is there a sense for "move through"? No, but "move toward" is the closest.

    Let's evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2 again.
    Gloss 1: move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody.
    Gloss 2: reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress.

    "It kept on coming."
    If it were "It came", it might mean it arrived (Sense 2).
    But "kept on coming" suggests the process of movement (Sense 1). You don't "keep on arriving" (reaching a destination implies the end of the movement to that point). You "keep on moving towards" (Sense 1) or "traveling toward" (Sense 1).
    The earthquake's intensity or waves were continuing to move/approach.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit. It describes the physical motion of the earthquake approaching or moving through the location.

    Final check:
    Context: Earthquake shaking.
    Phrase: "kept on coming".
    Meaning: Continued to move towards us / continued its approach / continued the motion.
    Sense 1 definition: move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody.
    This matches the physical perception of an earthquake rolling in.

    Result: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to <t>say</t>, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `say`
    *   Context snippet: "Needless to <t>say</t>, it was an interesting first session!"
    *   The phrase is "Needless to say". This is a fixed expression or idiom.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `express in words` (synonyms: state, tell). General communication of information.
    *   **Sense 2:** `report or maintain` (synonyms: allege, aver). Usually implies a claim that might be disputed or formal reporting. "He alleged that..."
    *   **Sense 3:** `express a supposition` (synonyms: suppose). "Let us say that..." or "Let's say...".
    *   **Sense 4:** `have or contain a certain wording or form` (synonyms: read). Inanimate objects (texts, laws).
    *   **Sense 5:** `give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority` (synonyms: order, tell, enjoin). Imperative usage.
    *   **Sense 6:** `speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way` (synonyms: pronounce). Focus on phonetics/articulation.
    *   **Sense 7:** `communicate or express nonverbally`. "What does this painting say?"
    *   **Sense 8:** `utter aloud`. Simple utterance of specific words. "She said 'Hello'..."
    *   **Sense 9:** `state as one's opinion or judgement; declare`. "I say let's forget..."
    *   **Sense 10:** `recite or repeat a fixed text`. "Say grace."
    *   **Sense 11:** `indicate`. Inanimate objects showing data. "The clock says noon".

3.  **Evaluate the fit of senses against the context "Needless to say":**

    *   The phrase "Needless to say" introduces a statement that is obvious or expected.
    *   It functions as a sentential adverbial or discourse marker.
    *   Does it mean "express in words"? Yes, in the broadest sense. The speaker is saying something.
    *   Does it mean "allege"? No.
    *   Does it mean "suppose"? No, it's not hypothetical.
    *   Does it mean "read"? No.
    *   Does it mean "order"? No.
    *   Does it mean "pronounce"? No.
    *   Does it mean "nonverbally"? No.
    *   Does it mean "utter aloud"? It involves uttering, but "Needless to say" acts as a connector/commentary on the act of stating.
    *   Does it mean "opinion/judgement"? Not really in the declarative sense of "I say we go."
    *   Does it mean "recite"? No.

    *   Let's look closer at the structure. "Needless to say" = "It is unnecessary to state [the fact that follows]."
    *   Sense 1 (`express in words`, `state`) is the most general verb of speaking used for transferring information. The sentence effectively means "It is needless to state that it was an interesting session."
    *   Is there a specific idiomatic sense? Usually, fixed phrases map to the most basic sense if the words retain their literal meaning within that phrase. "Say" here means "to state" or "express in words".

    Let's reconsider Sense 1 vs Sense 8 vs Sense 9.
    *   Sense 8 (`utter aloud`) focuses on the physical act or the specific exclamation. "She said 'Hello'". Here, the content is a proposition ("it was an interesting session"), not just a vocalization.
    *   Sense 9 (`state as one's opinion`) is close, but "Needless to say" frames the information as obvious fact, not just opinion.
    *   Sense 1 (`express in words` / `state`) is the standard default for `say` when introducing a clause (that it was...).

    Let's look at WordNet mapping practices for fixed phrases.
    "Needless to say" functions as a comment on the proposition.
    The action is: The speaker is expressing the fact that the session was interesting.
    Sense 1 covers "He said that he wanted to marry her". This structure (say + that-clause) aligns with "Needless to say [that] it was..." (where 'that' is omitted).
    Even though "Needless to say" is a fixed phrase, the semantic core of 'say' within it is "to state/express in words".

    Let's check if any other sense fits better.
    Could it be Sense 3 (`express a supposition`)? No, it's not "Let's say".
    Could it be Sense 10 (`recite`)? No.

    It seems Sense 1 is the standard "communication verb" sense.
    Definition: `express in words`.
    Examples: `He said that he wanted to marry her`.
    Context: `Needless to <t>say</t>, it was an interesting first session!`
    Paraphrase: It is needless to express in words/state that it was an interesting session.

    Sense 1 is the "catch-all" for verbal communication of propositions. This fits best.

4.  **Final Selection:**
    Sense 1: `express in words` (synonyms: state, tell). This captures the basic communicative act involved in the idiom "Needless to say".

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: session
Target surface form: session
Context:
6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first <t>session</t>! 7:13 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=session%1:10:00:: | definition=a meeting for execution of a group's functions | examples=it was the opening session of the legislature
2. sense_key=session%1:28:00:: | definition=the time during which a school holds classes | synonyms=school term, academic term, academic session | examples=they had to shorten the school term
3. sense_key=session%1:04:00:: | definition=a meeting devoted to a particular activity | examples=a filming session; a gossip session
4. sense_key=session%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of spiritualists | synonyms=seance, sitting | examples=the seance was held in the medium's parlor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 3}

content: sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The word is "session" (noun). The context describes a therapist ("therapy clients") meeting with a couple. The earthquake interrupted this meeting.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "meet with some new therapy clients"
    *   "building started shaking"
    *   "interesting first session"
    *   It refers to a specific appointment or meeting time between a professional (therapist) and clients.

3.  **Evaluate the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "a meeting for execution of a group's functions" (e.g., legislative session *Analysis:* This usually refers to formal bodies like legislatures, courts, or boards. A therapy session is not typically described as executing a "group's functions" in the administrative/legislative sense implied by the example ("opening session of the legislature").

    *   **Sense 2:** "the time during which a school holds classes" (school term, academic term).
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a semester or term (months). A single therapy appointment is not a "school term". Clearly incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** "a meeting devoted to a particular activity" (filming session, gossip session).
        *   *Analysis:* This sense covers meetings centered around a specific purpose or activity. Therapy is a specific activity. The example "filming session" or "gossip session" aligns well with "therapy session". It captures the idea of a singular event dedicated to a purpose (therapy).

    *   **Sense 4:** "a meeting of spiritualists" (seance, sitting).
        *   *Analysis:* The context involves a therapist, not a medium or spiritualist (unless specified otherwise, but "therapy clients" implies psychological therapy). While "sitting" is a synonym here, the definition is too specific to spiritualism.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Sense 1 is too formal/administrative (legislature).
    *   Sense 2 is too long duration (school term).
    *   Sense 4 is the wrong domain (spiritualism).
    *   Sense 3 fits perfectly: a meeting devoted to a particular activity (therapy).

5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 3 is the correct choice.

6.  **Format Output:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 3}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: session
Target surface form: session
Context:
6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first <t>session</t>! 7:13 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=session%1:10:00:: | definition=a meeting for execution of a group's functions | examples=it was the opening session of the legislature
2. sense_key=session%1:28:00:: | definition=the time during which a school holds classes | synonyms=school term, academic term, academic session | examples=they had to shorten the school term
3. sense_key=session%1:04:00:: | definition=a meeting devoted to a particular activity | examples=a filming session; a gossip session
4. sense_key=session%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of spiritualists | synonyms=seance, sitting | examples=the seance was held in the medium's parlor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 3}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 4. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "session" in the context:
"Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!"

The context describes a therapy session (a meeting devoted to a particular activity, i.e., therapy).
Candidate senses:
1. a meeting for execution of a group's functions (e.g., legislature)
2. the time during which a school holds classes (school term)
3. a meeting devoted to a particular activity (e.g., a filming session; a gossip session)
4. a meeting of spiritualists (seance)

A therapy session is a meeting devoted to a particular activity. Sense 3 is the best fit.
Index: 3

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trouble
Target surface form: trouble
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest <t>trouble</t> was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trouble%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=problem | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=trouble%1:11:01:: | definition=an angry disturbance | synonyms=fuss, bother, hassle | examples=he didn't want to make a fuss; they had labor trouble
3. sense_key=trouble%1:11:00:: | definition=an event causing distress or pain | examples=what is the trouble?; heart trouble
4. sense_key=trouble%1:04:02:: | definition=an effort that is inconvenient | synonyms=difficulty | examples=I went to a lot of trouble; he won without any trouble
5. sense_key=trouble%1:12:03:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=worry | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills
6. sense_key=trouble%1:26:02:: | definition=an unwanted pregnancy | examples=he got several girls in trouble

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: trouble
    *   Target surface form: trouble
    *   Context: "Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing."
    *   The context describes a situation where Albany (presumably a location or person) escaped a disaster (suggested by "stopped breathing", "lunged for the doorway", "unscathed"). The "Biggest trouble" refers to a specific issue or source of difficulty arising from the event: the scared family couldn't get through on the phone.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `trouble%1:09:00::` | Definition: "a source of difficulty" | Synonyms: problem | Examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job", "what's the problem?"
        *   *Fit:* The "trouble" mentioned is the issue of the scared family not getting through. It is a source of difficulty/a problem in the aftermath of the event. This seems like a strong fit.

    *   **Sense 2:** `trouble%1:11:01::` | Definition: "an angry disturbance" | Synonyms: fuss, bother, hassle | Examples: "he didn't want to make a fuss", "labor trouble"
        *   *Fit:* The context doesn't describe an angry disturbance or a fuss. It describes a genuine logistical/emotional issue (communication failure). "Labor trouble" refers to strikes/unrest, which isn't the case here. "Fuss" implies triviality or unnecessary commotion, whereas the family's fear was genuine distress.

    *   **Sense 3:** `trouble%1:11:00::` | Definition: "an event causing distress or pain" | Examples: "what is the trouble?; heart trouble"
        *   *Fit:* This sense often relates to medical issues ("heart trouble") or specific distressing events. While the family was distressed, the phrase "Biggest trouble" here functions more like "Biggest problem" or "Biggest issue" regarding the consequences. "Heart trouble" is a specific condition. The context here is enumerating the negative outcomes of the incident. While related to distress, the usage "Biggest trouble was..." parallels "Biggest problem was...". Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3. Sense 3 examples ("heart trouble") suggest a condition or specific distressing event. Sense 1 examples ("one trouble after another") suggest obstacles or difficulties to be overcome. The situation described (family unable to call) is a difficulty/obstacle/consequence.

    *   **Sense 4:** `trouble%1:04:02::` | Definition: "an effort that is inconvenient" | Synonyms: difficulty | Examples: "I went to a lot of trouble", "he won without any trouble"
        *   *Fit:* This refers to exertion or inconvenience involved in doing something. Not fitting here. The context isn't about the "effort" of the trouble.

    *   **Sense 5:** `trouble%1:12:03::` | Definition: "a strong feeling of anxiety" | Synonyms: worry | Examples: "his worry over the prospect of being fired"
        *   *Fit:* The context mentions "scared family", so anxiety is present. However, the syntactic structure "Biggest trouble was scared family" treats "trouble" as the *situation* or *issue*, not the emotion itself. The family *had* worry, but the *trouble* (the thing causing the trouble/pain) was the situation of the family being scared and unable to call. It acts as a "source of difficulty" or a "problem" in the scenario.

    *   **Sense 6:** `trouble%1:26:02::` | Definition: "an unwanted pregnancy"
        *   *Fit:* Completely irrelevant.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The sentence structure "Biggest trouble was [X]" is synonymous with "Biggest problem was [X]" or "Biggest source of difficulty was [X]".
    *   Sense 1 definition "a source of difficulty" fits perfectly. The inability to communicate and the resulting fear were the primary difficulties/problems encountered during the event.
    *   Sense 3 ("an event causing distress or pain") is the closest competitor. However, the examples for Sense 3 ("heart trouble") suggest a state or condition, often medical. The example "what is the trouble?" is generic. Sense 1 examples ("one trouble after another") align better with counting difficulties in a narrative ("Biggest trouble..."). The context lists specific negative outcomes. The "scared family" represents a complication or problem in the aftermath.
    *   Let's look at the synonym "problem" for Sense 1. You can replace "trouble" with "problem" in the text: "Biggest *problem* was scared family..." This works perfectly.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 definition again. "An event causing distress or pain". Is the scared family an event? The event was the earthquake/shaking. The trouble is the resultant issue.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

4.  **Final Check:**
    *   Target: "Biggest trouble was scared family..."
    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty". The family's situation was the source of difficulty/concern.
    *   Matches synonyms and examples well.

5.  **Construct JSON:**
    *   {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spend
Target surface form: spent
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and <t>spent</t> a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spend%2:42:00:: | definition=pass time in a specific way | synonyms=pass | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
2. sense_key=spend%2:40:00:: | definition=pay out | synonyms=expend, drop | examples=spend money
3. sense_key=spend%2:40:01:: | definition=spend completely | examples=I spend my pocket money in two days

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The lemma is "spend", and the surface form is "spent".
2.  **Analyze the context**: "The three of us stopped breathing for a moment... Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and **spent** a really horrible hour not knowing."
    *   Subject: "scared family" (people).
    *   Object: "a really horrible hour" (a duration of time).
    *   Modifiers/Complements: "not knowing" (state of being).
    *   Meaning: The family experienced/endured the passage of an hour in a state of not knowing (what happened). They were occupied by this time duration.
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `spend%2:42:00::` | definition="pass time in a specific way" | synonyms=pass | examples="how are you spending your summer vacation?"
        *   *Analysis*: This sense relates to passing or using time. The object in the context is "an hour". The phrase "spend time" fits perfectly here. The family passed a horrible hour in a specific way (not knowing).
    *   **Sense 2**: `spend%2:40:00::` | definition="pay out" | synonyms=expend, drop | examples="spend money"
        *   *Analysis*: This sense relates to using money or resources. The context does not mention money, paying, or financial resources. It mentions time.
    *   **Sense 3**: `spend%2:40:01::` | definition="spend completely" | examples="I spend my pocket money in two days"
        *   *Analysis*: This sense implies exhausting a resource (usually money) completely. Again, the context is about time, not exhausting a resource.
4.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   Sense 2 and 3 are about money/resources/expense.
    *   Sense 1 is about time.
    *   The context ("spent a really horrible hour") is explicitly about the passage of time.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.
5.  **Format the output**: The user wants a JSON object with the index number.
    *   Sense 1 is index 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hour
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible <t>hour</t> not knowing. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target: "hour" (noun).
    *   Context sentence: "Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible <t>hour</t> not knowing."
    *   Surrounding context: The text describes an earthquake aftermath (implied by "stopped breathing", "lunged for the doorway", "Albany escaped", "scared family"). The timestamps "7:13 a.m." and "8:01 a.m." are present, but the target phrase refers to a duration of time experienced by the family.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `hour%1:28:00::` | Definition: a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | Synonyms: hr, 60 minutes | Example: the job will take more than an hour.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to a specific duration of time. The context says "spent a really horrible hour". This implies a duration of roughly 60 minutes (or used hyperbolically/loosely for a period of time). This fits the concept of measuring the passage of time.

    *   **Sense 2:** `hour%1:28:01::` | Definition: clock time | Synonyms: time of day | Example: the hour is getting late.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to a specific point in time (e.g., "the 11th hour", "what is the hour?"). The context refers to a *span* of time ("spent a... hour"), not a specific time on the clock (like 7:00).

    *   **Sense 3:** `hour%1:28:02::` | Definition: a special and memorable period | Example: it was their finest hour.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to a significant moment in history or one's life, often with a positive connotation ("finest hour") or a specific epoch. While the family's experience was memorable (horrible), this sense usually refers to a figurative "hour" of glory or crisis defining a group, not just a random scary hour spent waiting for a phone call.

    *   **Sense 4:** `hour%1:07:00::` | Definition: distance measured by the time taken to cover it | Synonyms: minute | Example: we live an hour from the airport.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to spatial distance expressed in time units. The context is about waiting/experiencing time, not traveling a distance.

3.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   The sentence says they "spent a really horrible hour".
    *   Sense 1 is the standard unit of time. "Spending an hour" means spending 60 minutes.
    *   Sense 3 is a potential contender if we interpret "horrible hour" as a memorable period, but WordNet's definition "a special and memorable period" usually implies a specific rhetorical or historical sense (like Churchill's "finest hour"). The context here is literal (or near-literal) duration—waiting for a phone line. They spent a specific block of time not knowing.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day) is the closest match for "spent a... hour". It functions as a measure of duration.

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knowing
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not <t>knowing</t>. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   **Sentence:** "Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not <t>knowing</t>."
    *   **Situation:** There was an event (likely an earthquake based on "lunged for the doorway" and the mention of "Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed"). Family members couldn't get through on the phone.
    *   **Target:** "not knowing".
    *   **Meaning:** The family didn't know the status of the person writing/speaking. They lacked information about whether the person was safe or injured. The state of "not knowing" implies a lack of specific information about a fact or situation.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `know%2:31:01::` | Definition: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" | Examples: "I know that the President lied...", "I want to know who is winning the game!"
        *   *Match:* This fits perfectly. The family lacked specific information (a piece of information) about the safety of their relative. They were "not knowing" the outcome.

    *   **Sense 2:** `know%2:31:03::` | Definition: "know how to do or perform something"
        *   *Mismatch:* It's not about a skill.

    *   **Sense 3:** `know%2:31:02::` | Definition: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"
        *   *Mismatch:* This usually implies a deep conviction or truth (e.g., "I know that I left the key"). While related to awareness, Sense 1 is the generic "possession of information about a fact/situation" which fits the uncertainty of "not knowing [if someone is okay]". Sense 3 is more about certainty/conviction regarding a truth, whereas Sense 1 covers the general state of having information.

    *   **Sense 4:** `know%2:31:00::` | Definition: "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object"
        *   *Mismatch:* They know the person, but the "not knowing" refers to the state of affairs, not acquaintance.

    *   **Sense 5:** `know%2:31:04::` | Definition: "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" | Synonyms: experience, live
        *   *Mismatch:* This is about experiencing something (e.g., "knowing hunger"). "Not knowing" here doesn't mean "not experiencing."

    *   **Sense 6:** `know%2:31:06::` | Definition: "accept (someone) to be what is claimed..."
        *   *Mismatch:* Wrong meaning entirely.

    *   **Sense 7:** `know%2:31:15::` | Definition: "have fixed in the mind" (e.g., facts, languages).
        *   *Mismatch:* Not about rote memorization.

    *   **Sense 8:** `know%2:31:00::` | Definition: "have sexual intercourse with"
        *   *Mismatch:* Clearly not.

    *   **Sense 9:** `know%2:31:11::` | Definition: "know the nature or character of"
        *   *Mismatch:* Not about character traits.

    *   **Sense 10:** `know%2:31:12::` | Definition: "be able to distinguish, recognize as being different"
        *   *Mismatch:* Not about distinguishing right from wrong.

    *   **Sense 11:** `know%2:31:14::` | Definition: "perceive as familiar"
        *   *Mismatch:* Not about recognition.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context describes a state of lacking information about a specific situation (the safety of the family member after a quake).
    *   Sense 1 ("be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about") is the standard, general definition for knowing facts or situations.
    *   The phrase "not knowing" refers to the absence of information. The family did not possess knowledge/information about the status of their loved one.
    *   Example from Sense 1: "I want to know who is winning the game!" implies wanting information. Here, the family wants information about the safety.
    *   Sense 3 ("be aware of the truth of something") is close but usually implies a stronger epistemic stance ("I know X is true"). Sense 1 covers the general cognitive state of having information about a fact. In "not knowing", the object is the information regarding the safety. "I don't know if he is safe" falls under Sense 1 (possession of information).

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn <t>started</t> rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "start", and the surface form is "started" (past tense).
2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn <t>started</t> rolling like ocean waves."
    *   Subject: "the lawn"
    *   Verb: "started"
    *   Complement/Object: "rolling like ocean waves"
    *   Meaning: The lawn began the action of rolling. It initiated a motion.
3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (start%2:30:00::):** Definition: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". Examples: "We began working at dawn".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense often implies an agent taking an action ("We began..."). The subject here is "the lawn" (an inanimate object, specifically the ground moving during an earthquake). It fits the idea of "beginning an action" (rolling). This is a strong candidate. It denotes the start of an activity/state.

    *   **Sense 2 (start%2:30:01::):** Definition: "set in motion, cause to start". Examples: "The U.S. started a war".
        *   *Analysis:* This is a transitive causative sense ("cause to start"). The lawn didn't cause something else to roll; the lawn itself rolled. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3 (start%2:38:02::):** Definition: "leave". Examples: "The family took off".
        *   *Analysis:* The lawn isn't leaving/departing. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4 (start%2:42:00::):** Definition: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense". Examples: "The DMZ begins right over the hill".
        *   *Analysis:* This usually refers to existence or location (where something starts). "The lawn started rolling" refers to an action, not just the spatial beginning of an object. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5 (start%2:36:00::):** Definition: "bring into being". Examples: "Start a foundation".
        *   *Analysis:* Transitive sense. "Started rolling" is not bringing "rolling" into being as an entity. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 6 (start%2:36:01::):** Definition: "get off the ground". Examples: "Who started this company?".
        *   *Analysis:* Transitive sense regarding enterprises. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 7 (start%2:38:04::):** Definition: "move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm". Examples: "She startled".
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to an involuntary physical reaction (startle reflex). While the lawn moved during an earthquake, "started rolling" implies the commencement of a continuous motion (rolling), not a sudden jump/startle reflex. The grammar is "started rolling" (aspectual), not just "started" (intransitive sudden movement). The presence of the gerund "rolling" strongly points towards aspectual "begin doing something".

    *   **Sense 8 (start%2:38:01::):** Definition: "get going or set in motion". Examples: "start the engine".
        *   *Analysis:* Transitive. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 9 (start%2:38:00::):** Definition: "begin or set in motion". Examples: "I start at eight".
        *   *Analysis:* Intransitive. "The lawn started" could mean this, but "rolling" follows. This sense is generally about the subject entering a state of activity ("I start at eight"). Sense 1 is more specific to "taking the first step in carrying out an action". "Started rolling" fits Sense 1's pattern of "begin [doing something]".

    *   **Sense 10 (start%2:41:00::):** Definition: "begin work or acting in a certain capacity". Examples: "start a new job".
        *   *Analysis:* Specific to jobs/roles. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 11 (start%2:33:00::):** Definition: "play in the starting lineup".
        *   *Analysis:* Sports context. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 12 (start%2:42:03::):** Definition: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way". Examples: "The novel begins with a murder".
        *   *Analysis:* Abstract beginning of a narrative or event. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 13 (start%2:41:04::):** Definition: "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object". Examples: "start the soup".
        *   *Analysis:* Transitive. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 14 (start%2:38:03::):** Definition: "bulge outward".
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

4.  **Refine the choice between Sense 1 and others:**
    *   The construction is "start [verb-ing]".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    *   Sense 1 examples: "We began working at dawn".
    *   The context: "the lawn started rolling".
    *   This fits Sense 1 perfectly. It denotes the inception of the action described by the gerund. The lawn began the action of rolling.

    Let's check if there's any ambiguity with Sense 7 ("move or jump suddenly").
    "The lawn started" (intransitive) *could* mean moved suddenly if the text was just "The lawn started." But the text is "The lawn started rolling."
    When "start" is followed by a gerund (-ing form), it almost always corresponds to the aspectual meaning of "begin". Sense 1 covers "begin working".
    Sense 7 examples: "She startled when I walked into the room". This sense usually does not take a gerund complement. It describes the sudden movement itself.
    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Let's double-check Sense 1 vs Sense 9.
    Sense 9 examples: "I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!". This implies a transition into a state of activity. While similar, Sense 1 ("take the first step... in carrying out an action") specifically handles the "start V-ing" construction (like "We began working"). The "rolling" is the action being carried out.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: roll
Target surface form: rolling
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started <t>rolling</t> like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=roll%2:38:00:: | definition=move by turning over or rotating | synonyms=turn over | examples=The child rolled down the hill; turn over on your left side
2. sense_key=roll%2:38:01:: | definition=move along on or as if on wheels or a wheeled vehicle | synonyms=wheel | examples=The President's convoy rolled past the crowds
3. sense_key=roll%2:42:00:: | definition=occur in soft rounded shapes | synonyms=undulate | examples=The hills rolled past
4. sense_key=roll%2:35:05:: | definition=flatten or spread with a roller | synonyms=roll out | examples=roll out the paper
5. sense_key=roll%2:39:00:: | definition=emit, produce, or utter with a deep prolonged reverberating sound | examples=The thunder rolled; rolling drums
6. sense_key=roll%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange or or coil around | synonyms=wind, wrap, twine | examples=roll your hair around your finger; Twine the thread around the spool
7. sense_key=roll%2:35:01:: | definition=begin operating or running | examples=The cameras were rolling; The presses are already rolling
8. sense_key=roll%2:30:10:: | definition=shape by rolling | examples=roll a cigarette
9. sense_key=roll%2:29:06:: | definition=execute a roll, in tumbling | examples=The gymnasts rolled and jumped
10. sense_key=roll%2:40:00:: | definition=sell something to or obtain something from by energetic and especially underhanded activity | synonyms=hustle, pluck
11. sense_key=roll%2:38:10:: | definition=move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion | synonyms=undulate, flap, wave | examples=The curtains undulated; the waves rolled towards the beach
12. sense_key=roll%2:38:09:: | definition=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment | synonyms=wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam, cast | examples=The gypsies roamed the woods; roving vagabonds
13. sense_key=roll%2:38:12:: | definition=move, rock, or sway from side to side | examples=The ship rolled on the heavy seas
14. sense_key=roll%2:38:11:: | definition=cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner of as if on an axis | synonyms=revolve | examples=She rolled the ball; They rolled their eyes at his words
15. sense_key=roll%2:32:00:: | definition=pronounce with a roll, of the phoneme /r/ | examples=She rolls her r's
16. sense_key=roll%2:30:08:: | definition=boil vigorously | synonyms=seethe | examples=The liquid was seething; The water rolled
17. sense_key=roll%2:30:06:: | definition=take the shape of a roll or cylinder | examples=the carpet rolled out; Yarn rolls well
18. sense_key=roll%2:30:07:: | definition=show certain properties when being rolled | synonyms=roll up | examples=The carpet rolls unevenly; dried-out tobacco rolls badly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is describing an earthquake scene. The sentence is: "Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves."

The lawn is moving in a wavy motion, like ocean waves. This is describing the ground moving during an earthquake in a wave-like, undulating motion.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. roll%2:38:00:: - move by turning over or rotating - This is about something turning over, like a child rolling down a hill. Not quite right for a lawn moving like waves.

2. roll%2:38:01:: - move along on or as if on wheels - About vehicles moving. Not right.

3. roll%2:38:42:00:: - occur in soft rounded shapes - About hills rolling past. Close but not quite - this seems to be about the shape of hills, not movement.

11. roll%2:38:10:: - move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion | synonyms=undulate, flap, wave | examples=The curtains undulated; the waves rolled towards the beach

This one seems to match well. The lawn is moving in a wavy pattern with rising and falling motion, like ocean waves. The synonym "undulate" fits perfectly with "rolling like ocean waves."

13. roll%2:38:12:: - move, rock, or sway from side to side | examples=The ship rolled on the heavy seas

This is also close - it's about swaying motion, but it seems more specific to side-to-side motion (like a ship), whereas sense 11 specifically mentions "wavy pattern" and "rising and falling motion" which better captures the ocean wave comparison.

Sense 11 seems like the best fit because:
- The gloss mentions "move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion"
- The synonym "undulate" perfectly describes wave-like motion
- The example mentions "the waves rolled towards the beach" which directly relates to the context's comparison to "ocean waves"

So the answer should be sense_index: 11


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ocean
Target surface form: ocean
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like <t>ocean</t> waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ocean%1:17:00:: | definition=a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere
2. sense_key=ocean%1:23:00:: | definition=anything apparently limitless in quantity or volume | synonyms=sea

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and context:**
    *   Target: "ocean"
    *   Context: "the lawn started rolling like **ocean** waves."
    *   Sentence meaning: The lawn was moving in a wave-like motion similar to waves found in the sea/ocean. The speaker is describing the motion of the ground during an earthquake.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `ocean%1:17:00::` | definition="a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere".
        *   This refers to the literal geographical body of water (the Atlantic, Pacific, etc.).
    *   Sense 2: `ocean%1:23:00::` | definition="anything apparently limitless in quantity or volume" | synonyms=sea.
        *   This refers to a metaphorical or vast quantity (e.g., "an ocean of sand," "an ocean of trouble").

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1:**
    *   The phrase is "ocean waves".
    *   Does this refer to the geographical body of water? Yes, "ocean waves" are waves found on the ocean. The simile compares the rolling lawn to the waves of the literal ocean.
    *   While "ocean" here modifies "waves", the sense of the word "ocean" refers to the large body of water from which these waves originate or are characteristic of.
    *   Is it metaphorical? No. The comparison is "lawn rolling like ocean waves". The lawn is not *an* ocean (limitless quantity). The lawn is moving *like* waves found in the ocean.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 2:**
    *   This sense usually applies when "ocean" is used metaphorically to describe vastness or quantity of something else (often abstract or granular like sand/grass).
    *   Example: "The desert was an ocean of sand."
    *   In the context "rolling like ocean waves", is "ocean" used to mean "limitless quantity"? No. It describes the *type* of wave. It distinguishes them from, say, "ripples" or small pond waves. "Ocean waves" implies large, powerful waves characteristic of the sea (Sense 1).

5.  **Refining the choice:**
    *   Sometimes collocations like "ocean waves" can be tricky. Is "ocean" acting as an adjective here? Yes, effectively. But the underlying concept is the literal ocean.
    *   Sense 1 is the literal ocean.
    *   Sense 2 is the metaphorical vastness.
    *   The context describes the *motion* of the lawn resembling the motion of the literal sea. Therefore, the word "ocean" refers to the literal body of water (Sense 1).

6.  **Final Selection:**
    *   The usage "ocean waves" modifies waves to specify they are like those of the sea.
    *   Sense 1 fits the literal reference to the sea/body of water.
    *   Sense 2 does not fit because the lawn isn't being described *as* an ocean of limitless volume (though an earthquake might make the ground seem vast and shifting, the phrase "ocean waves" specifically invokes the image of the sea's waves).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Let's check the indices provided in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=ocean%1:17:00:: ...
    2. sense_key=ocean%1:23:00:: ...

    The correct index is 1.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wave
Target surface form: waves
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean <t>waves</t>. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wave%1:11:01:: | definition=one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water) | synonyms=moving ridge
2. sense_key=wave%1:04:02:: | definition=a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon | examples=a wave of settlers; troops advancing in waves
3. sense_key=wave%1:11:00:: | definition=(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth | synonyms=undulation
4. sense_key=wave%1:11:02:: | definition=something that rises rapidly | examples=a wave of emotion swept over him; there was a sudden wave of buying before the market closed
5. sense_key=wave%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of signaling by a movement of the hand | synonyms=waving, wafture
6. sense_key=wave%1:08:00:: | definition=a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair
7. sense_key=wave%1:25:00:: | definition=an undulating curve | synonyms=undulation
8. sense_key=wave%1:19:00:: | definition=a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition (especially of unusual temperatures) | examples=a heat wave
9. sense_key=wave%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of the women's reserve of the United States Navy; originally organized during World War II but now no longer a separate branch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is "8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves." The target lemma is "wave" (surface form "waves").
    *   Context clues: "lawn started rolling", "ocean waves".
    *   Metaphor: The lawn is moving like waves on the ocean.
    *   Reference: The literal phenomenon of waves on a body of water is being used as a comparison for the movement of the ground (earthquake).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `wave%1:11:01::` | definition: "one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)" | synonyms: "moving ridge".
        *   This matches "ocean waves" perfectly. The text explicitly mentions "ocean waves" as the thing the lawn is rolling like. The primary referent here is the physical wave on water.

    *   **Sense 2:** `wave%1:04:02::` | definition: "a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon" | examples: "a wave of settlers; troops advancing in waves".
        *   This is metaphorical/abstract. While the lawn movement is a metaphor, the specific phrase "ocean waves" refers to the literal water phenomenon, not a "wave of settlers" or similar metaphorical increase.

    *   **Sense 3:** `wave%1:11:00::` | definition: "(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth" | synonyms: "undulation".
        *   This is a more general physics definition. While ocean waves are physics phenomena, Sense 1 is much more specific to the surface of a liquid, which fits "ocean waves" better.

    *   **Sense 4:** `wave%1:11:02::` | definition: "something that rises rapidly" | examples: "a wave of emotion...".
        *   This refers to abstract surges.

    *   **Sense 5:** `wave%1:10:01::` | definition: "the act of signaling by a movement of the hand".
        *   Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `wave%1:08:00::` | definition: "a hairdo...".
        *   Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 7:** `wave%1:25:00::` | definition: "an undulating curve" | synonyms: "undulation".
        *   This is a geometric shape. Less fitting than the dynamic motion of liquid in Sense 1.

    *   **Sense 8:** `wave%1:19:00::` | definition: "a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition...".
        *   Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 9:** `wave%1:18:00::` | definition: "a member of the women's reserve...".
        *   Not relevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1: "one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)"
    *   Sense 3: "(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth"

    The text explicitly says "ocean waves". An ocean wave is a ridge moving across the surface of water. Sense 1 is the specific lexical definition for water waves. Sense 3 is the physics definition (wave propagation). In general language usage (non-physics jargon), "ocean waves" refers to Sense 1. The context is a narrative about an earthquake, describing the motion of the ground *as* ocean waves. Therefore, the target word "waves" denotes the literal ocean phenomenon to create the simile.

    Choice: Sense 1 is the best fit.

4.  **Formatting Output:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: run
Target surface form: ran
Context:
Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We <t>ran</t> into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet. We are all fine here, although Mame was extremely freaked.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. sense_key=run%2:41:01:: | definition=make without a miss
25. sense_key=run%2:40:06:: | definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. sense_key=run%2:38:10:: | definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. sense_key=run%2:38:08:: | definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. sense_key=run%2:38:03:: | definition=sail before the wind
29. sense_key=run%2:38:05:: | definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. sense_key=run%2:42:05:: | definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. sense_key=run%2:41:04:: | definition=set animals loose to graze
32. sense_key=run%2:38:02:: | definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. sense_key=run%2:38:06:: | definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. sense_key=run%2:38:13:: | definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. sense_key=run%2:38:09:: | definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. sense_key=run%2:33:02:: | definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. sense_key=run%2:33:01:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. sense_key=run%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. sense_key=run%2:30:00:: | definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. sense_key=run%2:30:01:: | definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. sense_key=run%2:30:04:: | definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "ran" in this passage.

The context is:
"Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet. We are all fine here, although Mame was extremely freak during an earthquake. The speakers are in their backyard when the lawn starts rolling (indicating an earthquake), and they run into the house to get someone named Mame.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time
This seems to match the context. The speakers are physically running on foot from the backyard into the house during an earthquake.

2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it
This is related to fleeing from something, which could apply here since they're running due to an earthquake, but the primary focus seems to be on their movement to get Mame rather than purely fleeing.

3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point
This doesn't apply here - they're not describing something extending or stretching.

4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.
Not applicable - they're not managing anything.

5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form
Not applicable - they're not describing something having a particular form.

6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids
Not applicable - they're not describing liquid movement.

7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied
Not applicable - nothing is functioning or operating.

8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits
Not applicable - nothing is ranging or varying.

9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position
Not applicable - no political campaign.

10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video
Not applicable - no audio or video playback.

11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way
This could partially apply, but it's more about moving around in an uncontrolled way rather than the specific action of running from one point to another.

12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined
Not applicable - no tendency being described.

13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning
Not applicable - nothing is being described as functioning.

14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another
Not applicable - no state change is being described.

15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform
Not applicable - no one is causing something to perform.

16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to
Not applicable - not about being subjected to something.

17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist
Not applicable - nothing is continuing to exist.

18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently
Not applicable - nothing is persisting.

19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine
Not applicable - no process or program is being executed.

20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize
Not applicable - no broadcasting or including content.

21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out
Not applicable - no errand or task is being carried out.

22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through
Not applicable - nothing is being passed over or through.

23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere
Not applicable - nothing is being caused to pass or lead somewhere.

The remaining senses (24-41) don't seem to apply either, as they deal with specialized meanings like making without a miss, dealing illegally, causing animals to move, sailing, etc.

Looking at the most relevant senses again:

1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time
This fits the context perfectly. The speakers are physically running from the backyard into the house during an earthquake. It's a straightforward physical action of moving quickly on foot.

2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run
This is somewhat related, as they are an earthquake - which matches the definition of moving fast using one's feet.