[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit <t>well</t> with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `well` (adverb).
    *   Context sentence: "This does not sit **well** with some clerics."
    *   Surrounding context: Ringers (bell ringers) treat the church as an appendage to the belfry, skip off to the pub, and leave worship for others. This behavior annoys or displeases the clerics.
    *   Phrase: "sit well with". This is an idiom/collocation.

2.  **Analyze the meaning of the phrase "sit well with":**
    *   To "sit well with" someone means to be accepted favorably, to be agreeable, or to meet with approval.
    *   In the negative ("does not sit well"), it means something is annoying, unacceptable, or viewed with disapproval.
    *   Therefore, the sense of "well" here relates to favorability, approval, or acceptability.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner". (General "good" sense).
        *   Example: "behaved well".
        *   Analysis: While related to "good", this specific collocation "sit well" usually targets approval/reception rather than just manner of action.

    *   **Sense 2:** "thoroughly or completely".
        *   Example: "well understood".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. "Sit completely with"? No.

    *   **Sense 3:** "indicating high probability".
        *   Example: "might well do it".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** "used for emphasis... entirely or fully".
        *   Example: "well aware".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** "to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree".
        *   Example: "well underway".
        *   Analysis: "Sit suitably with"? Plausible, but usually "sit well" is about reception/favor.

    *   **Sense 6:** "favorably; with approval".
        *   Examples: "spoke well of them"; "thought well of the book".
        *   Analysis: This fits the idiom "sit well with" perfectly. If something sits well with someone, it is received favorably. If it doesn't sit well, it meets with disapproval. The context describes clerics disapproving of the ringers' behavior. This matches the definition and the semantic field of approval/favor.

    *   **Sense 7:** "to a great extent or degree".
        *   Example: "well over budget".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 8:** "with great or especially intimate knowledge".
        *   Example: "knew them well".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 9:** "with prudence or propriety".
        *   Example: "would do well to say nothing".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 10:** "with skill or in a pleasing manner".
        *   Example: "dances well".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 11:** "in a manner affording benefit or advantage".
        *   Example: "married well".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 12:** "in financial comfort".
        *   Example: "live well".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 13:** "without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor".
        *   Example: "took the joke well".
        *   Analysis: This is about the reaction to news/events. "Sit well" is about the *compatibility* or *acceptability* of the situation to the person, which aligns closer to "favorably/approval" (Sense 6) than "taking news well" (which is about stoicism/good humor).

4.  **Compare Sense 1 vs Sense 6:**
    *   Sense 1 is the general 'good/satisfactory' sense.
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "favorably; with approval".
    *   The phrase "sit well with" is a fixed expression meaning "to be acceptable or pleasing to".
    *   If something "sits well," it is received favorably.
    *   The example in Sense 6 is "thought well of". This involves opinion/approval.
    *   The definition of Sense 6 is "favorably; with approval". This captures the specific nuance of the idiom "sit well with" better than the generic Sense 1.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 6 is the correct choice. It captures the aspect of reception and approval inherent in the phrase "sit well with".

    *   Target phrase: "This does not sit **well** with some clerics."
    *   Meaning: This is not received favorably/approved of by some clerics.
    *   Sense 6 Definition: "favorably; with approval".

    Matches perfectly.

    Sense index: 6.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: membership
Target surface form: membership
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With <t>membership</t> of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=membership%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of members of an organization or group | synonyms=rank | examples=they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks
2. sense_key=membership%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being a member

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `membership`
    *   Context: A text about church bell ringers and their relationship with the church. Specifically, "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `membership%1:14:00::`: "the body of members of an organization or group" (synonyms: rank). Example: "they polled their membership".
        2.  `membership%1:26:00::`: "the state of being a member".
    *   Goal: Choose the single best indexed sense (1 or 2).
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling..."
    *   What is "dwindling" (decreasing/shrinking)?
    *   If "membership" refers to the *body of members* (Sense 1), the group of people is getting smaller.
    *   If "membership" refers to the *state of being a member* (Sense 2), can a state "dwindle"?
    *   Usually, numbers or groups "dwindle". "Membership numbers" dwindle. The "body of members" dwindles.
    *   Sense 1 (body of members) treats membership as a collective noun referring to the people.
    *   Sense 2 (state/abstract status) is abstract. While one could argue that the *extent* of membership is dwindling, standard usage usually implies the count of members when talking about "membership dwindling".

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "the body of members". Example: "they polled their membership". This refers to the group of people. In the context of the Church of England, "membership dwindling" means the number of people in the congregation is shrinking. This fits well. The "body" is shrinking.
    *   *Sense 2:* "the state of being a member". Example: "he supported the campaign for membership of the EU". This refers to the status or relationship. Can a "state" dwindle? You could say "enthusiasm dwindled", but "membership" usually implies the statistic or the collective body when paired with "dwindling".

4.  **Compare Context vs. Senses:**
    *   Phrase: "membership ... dwindling".
    *   Sense 1 (The group of people): The group is shrinking. This is a very common collocation. "Our membership has declined" = We have fewer members now.
    *   Sense 2 (The state): The state of being a member is dwindling? This sounds slightly off. One usually says "membership numbers" are dwindling, or "the membership" (the count/crowd) is dwindling.

    Let's look at WordNet (or similar dictionary) definitions more closely if needed.
    *   WordNet 3.1:
        *   1. the body of members of an organization or group. "they polled their membership".
        *   2. the state of being a member.

    In the sentence "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling", the author is talking about the number of people belonging to the church decreasing.
    Is "membership" here the abstract state or the collective body?
    If I say "Membership is down," I am referring to the aggregate body or the count. This aligns with Sense 1 ("the body of members").
    However, some dictionaries define membership primarily as "the state of being a member" and "the number of members" as a secondary definition.
    Let's check the specific WordNet synset assignments.
    Sense 1 (`membership%1:14:00::`) maps to `Group` -> `Body` (the collection).
    Sense 2 (`membership%1:26:00::`) maps to `State` (the attribute).

    "Membership dwindling" implies the *quantity* or the *group* is shrinking.
    Does Sense 1 cover the quantity/number? "The body of members" implies a collection. If the collection dwindles, the body shrinks.
    Does Sense 2 cover it? The state of being a member. If the state dwindles? That seems metaphorical or incorrect usage for "dwindling". You don't dwindle a state. You dwindle a supply, a crowd, or a number.

    Therefore, "membership" here acts as a metonymy for the "body of members" or the "number of members". In WordNet, the "body of members" sense (Sense 1) captures the collective nature better than the abstract "state" sense (Sense 2).
    Let's check the examples provided in the prompt again.
    Sense 1 example: "they polled their membership". (Referring to the people).
    Context: "membership... dwindling". (Referring to the people leaving/reducing in number).
    This fits Sense 1.

    Let's consider the alternative interpretation. Could it be Sense 2? If membership is the status, is the status dwindling? No, the *rate* of membership (status holding) is dropping. But the noun phrase "membership ... dwindling" strongly points to the entity (the group) or the quantity.
    WordNet Sense 1 is "the body of members". This is a collective entity. Entities can dwindle.
    WordNet Sense 2 is "the state". States do not typically dwindle.

    Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice. It refers to the aggregate of people constituting the church, which is shrinking.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    Context: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling..."
    Meaning: The number of people belonging to the church is decreasing.
    Sense 1: "the body of members".
    Sense 2: "the state of being a member".
    "Body of members" is semantically closer to the quantitative concept of "dwindling numbers" than the abstract "state". The "membership" acts as the subject of "dwindling", implying a countable entity or group.

    Decision: Sense 1.

    Note on indexing: The prompt asks for "indexed sense".
    Candidate 1 is `membership%1:14:00::`.
    Candidate 2 is `membership%1:26:00::`.
    Index 1 corresponds to "the body of members".
    Index 2 corresponds to "the state of being a member".

    I will select index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: steadily
Target surface form: steadily
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England <t>steadily</t> dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "steadily".

Context: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

In this context, "steadily" is describing how the membership of the Church of England is dwindling. It's modifying the verb "dwindling," which means decreasing or diminishing.

Let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

The first sense emphasizes "at a steady rate or pace," with the example showing something eroding steadily (similar to dwindling). This seems to align well with membership dwindling steadily over time.

The second sense is more general, meaning "in a steady manner," with an example about walking steadily. This sense seems more focused on physical stability or firmness rather than a consistent rate of change.

In the context, "steadily dwindling" suggests a continuous, consistent decrease over time - the membership is decreasing at a steady rate or pace. This aligns more closely with sense 1, which specifically mentions "at a steady rate or pace" and has an example ("his interest eroded steadily") that parallels the context of something decreasing consistently over time.

Sense 2 is more about physical steadiness (like walking steadily), which doesn't seem to apply as well to the context of membership numbers dwindling.

Therefore, I believe sense 1 is the best fit for this context.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the best match.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicars
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed <t>vicars</t> are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses bell ringers in churches.
    *   Specific phrases: "St. Mary Abbot", "Church of England", "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon".
    *   The key phrase is "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars...".
    *   It explicitly mentions the "Church of England" right before the target word "vicars".
    *   It mentions a specific individual, "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington", which is a parish in Devon.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman". This refers to the Roman Catholic usage (often a vicar general or similar role, or a specific type of priest). The context explicitly mentions the "Church of England", making this sense incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: "(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel". This refers to the American Episcopal Church usage. Again, the context is explicitly "Church of England" and set in England (Devon). While related, it's not the primary definition for an English parish priest.
    *   Sense 3: "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish". This definition explicitly matches the context markers: "Church of England" and the role of a parish priest (implied by "vicar of Great Torrington", which is a parish).

3.  **Match Context to Sense:**
    *   Context says "Church of England".
    *   Sense 3 definition says "(Church of England)...".
    *   Context implies a parish setting (Great Torrington).
    *   Sense 3 definition says "...priest of a parish".

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the correct match. The text is explicitly about the Church of England, and the role described is that of a parish priest.

5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": 3}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: press
Target surface form: pressing
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are <t>pressing</t> equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=press%2:35:00:: | definition=exert pressure or force to or upon | examples=He pressed down on the boards; press your thumb on this spot
2. sense_key=press%2:32:00:: | definition=force or impel in an indicated direction | synonyms=urge, urge on, exhort | examples=I urged him to finish his studies
3. sense_key=press%2:42:01:: | definition=to be oppressive or burdensome; , | synonyms=weigh | examples=weigh heavily on the mind; Something pressed on his mind
4. sense_key=press%2:35:01:: | definition=place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure | examples=pressed flowers
5. sense_key=press%2:35:02:: | definition=squeeze or press together | synonyms=compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract | examples=she compressed her lips; the spasm contracted the muscle
6. sense_key=press%2:38:00:: | definition=crowd closely | examples=The crowds pressed along the street
7. sense_key=press%2:36:01:: | definition=create by pressing | examples=Press little holes into the soft clay
8. sense_key=press%2:42:00:: | definition=be urgent | examples=This is a pressing problem
9. sense_key=press%2:41:12:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights
10. sense_key=press%2:36:00:: | definition=press from a plastic | synonyms=press out | examples=press a record
11. sense_key=press%2:35:06:: | definition=make strenuous pushing movements during birth to expel the baby | synonyms=push | examples=`Now push hard,' said the doctor to the woman
12. sense_key=press%2:35:03:: | definition=press and smooth with a heated iron | synonyms=iron, iron out | examples=press your shirts; she stood there ironing
13. sense_key=press%2:33:00:: | definition=lift weights | synonyms=weight-lift | examples=This guy can press 300 pounds
14. sense_key=press%2:32:01:: | definition=ask for or request earnestly | synonyms=bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, conjure | examples=The prophet bid all people to become good persons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `press`
    *   Target surface form: `pressing` (participle form here, used in the progressive aspect "are pressing").
    *   Context Sentence: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are **pressing** equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses conflict between vicars (clergy) and bell ringers. The ringers often treat the church as just a tower for their hobby and go to the pub instead of services. Vicars are unhappy about this. The specific action described is vicars trying to get ringers to attend services.

2.  **Analyze the meaning in context:**
    *   The vicars are doing something to the ringers.
    *   The goal is to make the ringers attend services.
    *   The ringers are "strong-willed" and "non-religious," implying resistance.
    *   Therefore, the vicars are urging, pushing, demanding, or compelling them to do something they might not want to do.
    *   It is a communicative act aimed at influencing behavior.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (press%2:35:00::): "exert pressure or force to or upon"* (e.g., press down on boards). This is physical pressure. Context is social/verbal pressure, not physical touching. Unlikely.
    *   *Sense 2 (press%2:32:00::): "force or impel in an indicated direction". Synonyms: urge, urge on, exhort.* Example: "I urged him to finish his studies."
        *   This fits very well. The vicars are "forcing" or "impelling" (socially) the ringers to attend services. The synonym "urge" fits the context of a vicar speaking to parishioners/ringers. The example "urged him to finish his studies" parallels "pressing ringers to attend services".
    *   *Sense 3 (press%2:42:01::): "to be oppressive or burdensome".* (e.g., weigh heavily on mind). This is intransitive or metaphorical weight. The context is transitive ("pressing ringers"). Unlikely.
    *   *Sense 4 (press%2:35:01::): "place between two surfaces".* Physical action (flowers). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 5 (press%2:35:02::): "squeeze or press together".* Physical compression. Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 6 (press%2:38:00::): "crowd closely".* (e.g., crowds pressed along street). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 7 (press%2:36:01::): "create by pressing".* (e.g., holes in clay). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 8 (press%2:42:00::): "be urgent".* (e.g., pressing problem). Adjectival use usually. Here it's a verb "are pressing". While the situation might be pressing, the vicars are *doing* the pressing. Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 9 (press%2:41:12::): "exert oneself continuously... to gain an end... crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate".*
        *   This sense focuses on a long-term campaign or crusade for a cause (e.g., "push for reforms").
        *   While the vicars have a goal, the specific action "pressing [someone] to attend services" describes an interpersonal interaction or specific demands rather than a broad political campaign. Sense 2 ("urge, exhort") captures the specific interaction better. Sense 9 usually takes a prepositional phrase like "pressing for [something]" or is intransitive regarding the struggle, whereas here it takes a direct object (the ringers) and an infinitive clause. Sense 2 specifically allows "impel [someone] in an indicated direction [to do something]".
    *   *Sense 10 (press%2:36:00::): "press from a plastic".* (vinyl records). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 11 (press%2:35:06::): "make strenuous pushing movements during birth".* Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 12 (press%2:35:03::): "press and smooth with a heated iron".* Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 13 (press%2:33:00::): "lift weights".* Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 14 (press%2:32:01::): "ask for or request earnestly". Synonyms: bid, beseech, entreat, adjure.*
        *   This is also very close. "Beseech" or "entreat" implies asking nicely or earnestly.
        *   However, the context involves "strong-willed vicars" vs "strong-willed... ringers". It suggests a bit of conflict or insistence. Sense 2 ("force or impel", "urge, exhort") seems slightly stronger than just "asking earnestly". "Pressing someone to do something" usually implies applying pressure or insistence, which aligns with "impel" or "urge" (Sense 2).
        *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 14.
            *   Sense 2: "force or impel in an indicated direction". Synonyms: urge, urge on, exhort.
            *   Sense 14: "ask for or request earnestly". Synonyms: bid, beseech, entreat.
        *   "Pressing" in this context often means "insisting" or "putting pressure on". "Impel" fits the "pressure" aspect better than "request". If I say "The boss is pressing me to finish the report," it means they are urging/demanding/pushing, not just asking nicely. Sense 2 captures "force or impel".
        *   Let's check the WordNet 3.0 hierarchy.
            *   Sense 2 (press%2:32:00): "force or impel in an indicated direction". Hypernym: induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make. The definition "impel" suggests causing someone to do something.
            *   Sense 14 (press%2:32:01): "ask for or request earnestly". Hypernym: request, bespeak, call for, quest.
        *   The context says vicars are "pressing... ringers to attend services." This is a push/compulsion/urge, fitting "impel" or "urge". It is distinct from a simple request. The structure "pressing [person] to [action]" is the key.
        *   Looking at standard WordSense mappings for "press someone to do something":
            *   "He pressed her to go." -> This aligns with urging/urging on/exhorting.
            *   Definition 2 fits: "force or impel in an indicated direction". "Urge" is a synonym.
            *   Definition 14 is "ask for or request earnestly". While close, "impel/urge" (Sense 2) is the standard definition for press + object + infinitive when it implies pressure/persuasion/insistence, which fits the "strong-willed" context.

4.  **Refining the choice between 2 and 14:**
    *   Context: "vicars are pressing... ringers to attend services".
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: urge, urge on, exhort.
    *   Sense 14 synonyms: bid, beseech, entreat, adjure.
    *   "Exhort" (Sense 2) fits the relationship between a vicar and a group of people regarding religious duties.
    *   "Impel" (Sense 2 definition) fits the idea of moving someone towards an action.
    *   "Urge" (Sense 2 synonym) is the most natural synonym for "press" in this construction. "The vicars urged the ringers to attend."
    *   Sense 14 "beseech" feels more desperate or humble ("I beseech you"). The vicars here are "strong-willed" and "fed up" (judging by the next sentence about the other vicar sacking the band), so they are likely exerting authority or pressure ("impelling"), not just pleading. Thus, Sense 2 is superior.

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Sense 2: "force or impel in an indicated direction" / "He pressed his luck" (no, that's different) / "He pressed her to stay".
    *   Example provided in Sense 2: "I urged him to finish his studies".
    *   Sentence structure match: [Subject] [pressing] [Object] [to infinitive]. Matches perfectly.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: equally
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing <t>equally</t> strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target is "equally" (adverb).
2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   Sentence: "...strong-willed vicars are pressing **equally** strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."
    *   Syntactic role: It modifies the adjective phrase "strong-willed".
    *   Meaning: The vicars are strong-willed, and the ringers are *just as* strong-willed. It establishes a comparison of degree/intensity between the two groups.
3.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 1**:
    *   Definition: "to the same degree (often followed by `as')"
    *   Synonyms: as, every bit
    *   Examples: "they were equally beautiful"; "birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly"
    *   Match check: The context "pressing equally strong-willed... ringers" fits the pattern of comparing degree. The ringers are strong-willed to the same degree as the vicars. The construction "equally [adjective]" is standard here. The synonym "every bit" fits perfectly (every bit as strong-willed). The definition "to the same degree" aligns with the comparison of the attribute "strong-willed".
4.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 2**:
    *   Definition: "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way"
    *   Synonyms: evenly
    *   Examples: "a class evenly divided between girls and boys"; "they split their winnings equally"
    *   Match check: This sense relates to distribution or sharing (splitting winnings, dividing a class). The context is about the intensity of a trait ("strong-willed"), not about dividing something into parts or being impartial. The ringers aren't being "impartially strong-willed" or "evenly strong-willed" in the sense of distribution.
5.  **Comparison**:
    *   Sense 1 deals with degree/comparison (X is as ADJ as Y).
    *   Sense 2 deals with distribution/impartiality.
    *   The text compares the "strong-willed" nature of vicars to that of ringers. This is a degree comparison.
6.  **Conclusion**: Sense 1 is the correct choice.
7.  **Formatting**: Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "often" in the context: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

Let me analyze the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
This sense refers to frequency of actions/events happening repeatedly at short intervals.

2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
This sense refers to frequency or quantity, typically used with verbs like drink, travel, etc.

3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances
This sense refers to frequency in terms of "in many cases" - it's about the proportion of instances where something is true.

Now let me look at the context: "strong-willed and often non-religious ringers"

Here, "often" is modifying "non-religious." It's not about an action happening at short intervals, but rather about the proportion of instances. It means "in many cases, ringers are non-religious" or "frequently, the ringers are non-religious."

This is about characterizing a state of affairs - how many ringers fit the description of being non-religious. It's not about repeated actions at short intervals (sense 1), and it's not about quantities of consumption (sense 2).

Sense 3 "in many cases or instances" seems to fit best here. It's saying that in many instances/cases, the ringers are non-religious. This is a stative description, not about the frequency of an action.

Let me reconsider sense 1: "many times at short intervals" with example "we often met over a cup of coffee" - this is about frequency of events/actions.

Sense 2: "frequently or in great quantities" with examples "I don't drink much" - this is also about quantity/frequency of actions.

Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" - this is about the proportion of cases where something is true, which fits the context where "often" is modifying an adjective ("non-religious") to indicate that in many cases/instances, the ringers are non-religious.

I believe sense 3 is the correct answer.

{"sense_index":3}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious <t>ringers</t> to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "ringer" (plural "ringers").
    *   Context: A text about people who ring church bells, their relationship with the church, a specific incident with a vicar, etc.
    *   Task: Choose the best indexed sense from the provided list.
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession..." -> Referring to the activity of ringing bells.
    *   "...master of the band at St. Mary Abbot..." -> A "band" in this context refers to a group of bell ringers.
    *   "...one of England's best female ringers." -> Specifically refers to people who ring bells.
    *   "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower..." -> A tower is where a belfry/bells are located.
    *   "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." -> Explicit mention of belfry/bells context.
    *   "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." -> Context of church services vs. the act of ringing bells.
    *   "...got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service..." -> Clear reference to people responsible for ringing bells.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `ringer%1:18:02::` | Definition: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" | Synonyms: "toller, bell ringer".
        *   *Match Analysis:* The text is entirely about people who ring church bells. The synonyms match perfectly.
    *   **Sense 2:** `ringer%1:18:01::` | Definition: "a person who is almost identical to another" | Synonyms: "dead ringer, clone".
        *   *Match Analysis:* This refers to a look-alike (e.g., "He's a dead ringer for his father"). This does not fit the context of bell ringing in a church tower.
    *   **Sense 3:** `ringer%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses".
        *   *Match Analysis:* Often used in sports or games where a skilled player is snuck into a lower-level team. Not relevant here, despite the mention of "pick up line" (which is a labor protest, not a sports line).
    *   **Sense 4:** `ringer%1:04:00::` | Definition: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg".
        *   *Match Analysis:* This is a scoring move in a game. The text is about people, not a scoring throw.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the only definition that describes a person engaging in the activity described in the text (ringing church bells).

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key."
    *   The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." (where 3 is the index).
    *   The list is numbered 1 to 4.
    *   The correct choice is index 1.

    *   Wait, let me double check the index numbering in the prompt.
        "Candidate senses:
        1. sense_key=...
        2. sense_key=...
        3. sense_key=...
        4. sense_key=..."

    So the index is 1.

6.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: Bell ringing in a church tower.
    *   Sense 1: Person who rings church bells.
    *   Match: Perfect.

    Output: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attend
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to <t>attend</t> services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine the correct sense of "attend" in this passage.

The context is about church bell ringers who are being pressured by vicars to "attend" services. The sentence says: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

Let me examine each sense:

1. **sense_key=attend%2:42:00::** | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
   - This sense is about being physically present at an event/location like meetings, church services, or university classes.
   - The example even specifically mentions "I rarely attend services at my church" which is very similar to the context.

2. **sense_key=attend%2:41:12::** | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
   - This is about handling/dealing with something - not applicable here.

3. **sense_key=attend%2:42:01::** | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
   - This is about something following as a consequence - not applicable here.

4. **sense_key=attend%2:41:00::** | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
   - This is about serving someone - not applicable here.

5. **sense_key=attend%2:39:00::** | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word
   - This is about paying attention - not applicable here.

The context is clearly about ringers being asked to be physically present at church services. The passage even mentions "leaving worship for others below" and ringers "didn't attend service" - indicating physical presence at a religious service.

Sense 1 is the correct choice. The definition "be present at (meetings, church services, university)" with the example "I rarely attend services at my church" directly matches the context of ringers being pressed to attend church services.

The answer is sense_index:1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: services
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend <t>services</t>. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "services" in the context of church bell ringers who are being pressed by vicars to attend "services". The context mentions "Church of England", "worship for others below", "vicars", and "attend service" (singular). This clearly refers to religious services, i.e., acts of public worship.

Sense 3 is defined as "the act of public worship following prescribed rules" with synonyms "religious service, divine service" and example "the Sunday service". This matches perfectly.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two <t>years</t> ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `years`
    *   Context snippet: "Two **years** ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone..."
    *   Full context: The text discusses bell ringers, church attendance, and a specific incident involving a vicar.
    *   Phrase: "Two years ago".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `year%1:28:01::`
        *   Definition: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.
        *   Synonyms: twelvemonth, yr.
        *   Examples: "she is 4 years old", "in the year 1920".
        *   Analysis: This is the general unit of time measurement. The phrase "Two years ago" refers to a duration or a count of these standard calendar units.

    *   **Sense 2:** `year%1:28:02::`
        *   Definition: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity.
        *   Examples: "a school year".
        *   Analysis: This refers to a specific segment of the year dedicated to an activity (like an academic year or tax year). "Two years ago" does not refer to "two school years ago" specifically, just the general passage of time.

    *   **Sense 3:** `year%1:28:00::`
        *   Definition: the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun.
        *   Examples: "a Martian year takes 687 of our days".
        *   Analysis: While related to Sense 1, this is usually defined in astronomical contexts or specific planetary contexts. The phrase "Two years ago" is a standard temporal expression based on the Earth's revolution, but in common usage, it maps to the standard calendar year unit (Sense 1) rather than the astronomical definition itself, although they are physically related. WordNet distinguishes the "calendar year" / "twelvemonth" (Sense 1) from the "orbital period" (Sense 3) often. However, let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "she is 4 years old". "Two years ago" is a measure of time duration relative to the present.

    *   **Sense 4:** `year%1:14:00::`
        *   Definition: a body of students who graduate together.
        *   Synonyms: class.
        *   Examples: "the class of '97".
        *   Analysis: This is a collective noun sense. Not applicable here.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 more closely:**
    *   Sense 1 emphasizes the "period of time containing 365... days" and includes the synonym "twelvemonth". The example "in the year 1920" or "she is 4 years old" aligns with the usage in "Two years ago".
    *   Sense 3 emphasizes the "complete revolution around the sun". This is the scientific definition.
    *   When people say "Two years ago", they are referring to two calendar years or two durations of 365 days. This fits Sense 1 best.

4.  **Evaluate the specific usage "Two years ago":**
    *   It denotes a specific point in time measured backwards by units of years.
    *   It corresponds to the count of years (Sense 1).
    *   Sense 1 is the standard, general definition of a year as a unit of time.

5.  **Select the best index:**
    *   Index 1 (Sense 1) is the standard definition of a year as a time unit (365 days). "Two years ago" uses this unit.
    *   Index 2 is for activity-specific years (school year).
    *   Index 3 is the astronomical definition.
    *   Index 4 is the group of students.

    Therefore, Index 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Format the output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, <t>vicar</t> of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence containing the target word: "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, <t>vicar</t> of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band..."
    *   Key contextual clues:
        *   "Church of England": The text explicitly mentions, "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling..."
        *   "Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone": The title "Rev." (Reverend) is standard for Anglican clergy.
        *   "Great Torrington, Devon": A specific location (parish) in England.
        *   Role description: He "sacked the entire band" (bell ringers) and wanted them to attend services. He acts as the priest/head of the parish.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `vicar%1:18:00::` | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman.
        *   *Mismatch:* The context explicitly mentions the "Church of England", not the Roman Catholic Church. While the term originated in Catholicism, the modern usage here is clearly Anglican.
    *   **Sense 2:** `vicar%1:18:02::` | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel.
        *   *Mismatch:* The Episcopal Church is the American branch of the Anglican Communion. The context is set in Devon, England ("Great Torrington, Devon"), and refers to the "Church of England". Furthermore, a vicar in the C of E is usually in charge of a parish, not just a chapel (though definitions can overlap, the geographic marker points away from the American Episcopal sense).
    *   **Sense 3:** `vicar%1:18:01::` | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish.
        *   *Match:* The definition explicitly states "(Church of England)". The context explicitly mentions "Church of England". The location is in England (Devon). The role fits being in charge of a parish (Great Torrington).

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 3 is the perfect fit because of the explicit "Church of England" reference in the text and the definition.

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 3}`.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: got
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, <t>got</t> so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "got" in the context: "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"

Let me analyze this. The vicar "got so fed up" - this is expressing that he became fed up, he entered into a state of being fed up.

Looking at the senses:

1. "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract" - doesn't fit
2. "enter or assume a certain state or condition" with synonyms "become, go" - This fits! "He got fed up" means "He became fed up"
3. "cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition" - doesn't fit
4. "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - doesn't fit
5. "reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress" - doesn't fit
6. "go or come after and bring or take back" - doesn't fit
7. "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" - could potentially fit but not as well as sense 2
8. "take vengeance on or get even" - doesn't fit
... and so on

The key here is "got so fed up" - this is clearly about entering a state or condition of being fed up. The vicar became fed up.

Sense 2 is: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" with synonyms "become, go" and examples "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious"

This perfectly matches "got so fed up" - the vicar entered the state of being fed up.

The answer is sense_index: 2.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got <t>so</t> fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the target word "so" in the given passage.

The context is:
"Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got <t>so</t> fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest."

The key phrase here is "got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band." The word "so" is being used to indicate the extent to which the vicar was fed up - he was fed up to such a degree that he sacked the entire band.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
This sense refers to "so" as an intensifier meaning "to a very great extent or degree." The examples show usage like "so obvious" and "never been so happy" where "so" intensifies the adjective that follows. This could fit here - the vicar was fed up to a very great extent.

2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
This sense refers to "so" meaning "in order to" or "for the purpose of." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
This sense refers to "so" meaning "in such a way" or "in that condition." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
This sense refers to "so" meaning "to a limited extent." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
This sense refers to "so" meaning "also" or "similarly." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
This sense refers to "so" meaning "in this manner." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
This sense refers to "so" used to indicate extent or degree when followed by "that." This could fit here - the vicar was fed up to such a degree that he sacked the entire band. The construction "so [adjective] that [result]" is very similar to what we see in the context.

8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
This sense refers to "so" as a connector meaning "then" or "after that." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
This sense refers to "so" meaning "therefore." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed
This sense refers to "so" meaning "indeed" or "truly." This doesn't seem to fit the context.

Now, comparing senses 1 and 7, both relate to degree or extent. The difference is that sense 7 specifically refers to the construction "so [adjective] that [result]," which is what we see in the context: "got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band." The "that" is implied rather than stated, but it's the same construction.

So, the best sense for the target word "so" in this context is sense 7: "to an extent or degree as expressed" (usually followed by `that`).

Let's verify:
- Context: "got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"
- Sense 7: "to an extent or degree as expressed" (usually followed by `that`)
- Examples: "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells"

The construction "so fed up ... he sacked the entire band" matches the pattern "so [adjective] that [result]" (with "that" omitted), which is exactly what sense 7 describes.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for the target word "so" in this context is sense 7.

My answer is {"sense_index": 7}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with <t>ringers</t> who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The lemma is "ringer" and the surface form is "ringers" (plural noun).

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower..." (implies a bell tower).
    *   "...ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." (Direct reference to a belfry/bell tower).
    *   "When their changes are completed..." ("Changes" refers to change ringing, a specific style of ringing church bells).
    *   "...ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
    *   "...strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."
    *   "...vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service..."
    *   The context is explicitly about people who ring church bells, specifically within the context of the Church of England, vicars, services, and belfries.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `ringer%1:18:02::` | definition: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" | synonyms: "toller, bell ringer".
        *   *Match:* This fits perfectly. The text discusses people in a belfry, doing "changes" (bell ringing term), and the tension with the church/vicar.
    *   Sense 2: `ringer%1:18:01::` | definition: "a person who is almost identical to another" | synonyms: "dead ringer, clone".
        *   *Match:* Incorrect. No mention of look-alikes or imposters in that sense.
    *   Sense 3: `ringer%1:18:00::` | definition: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses".
        *   *Match:* Incorrect. While they might be considered a "club", the text is about ringing bells, not a rigged competition (unless metaphorical, but the literal sense is clearly Sense 1).
    *   Sense 4: `ringer%1:04:00::` | definition: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg".
        *   *Match:* Incorrect. The context mentions a "tower" and "belfry", not a game of horseshoes.

4.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1 is the only definition that aligns with the context of church bells, towers, vicars, and services.

5.  **Format the output:** The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is the index number. The index corresponding to "a person who rings church bells" is 1.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attend
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't <t>attend</t> service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and context:**
    *   **Lemma:** attend
    *   **Surface form:** attend
    *   **Context:** The text discusses church bell ringers who often skip worship services to go to the pub. Clerics want them to "attend services". A vicar sacked ringers who didn't "attend service".
    *   **Target sentence:** "...strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."
    *   **Later occurrence:** "...got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band..."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `attend%2:42:00::` | Definition: "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." | Synonyms: go to | Examples: "She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church".
        *   *Match:* The context explicitly mentions "attend services". The definition explicitly lists "church services". The example explicitly says "attend services at my church". This is a very strong match.

    *   **Sense 2:** `attend%2:41:12::` | Definition: "take charge of or deal with" | Synonyms: take care, look, see | Examples: "Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter".
        *   *Mismatch:* This usually involves "attend to" or dealing with a task/problem. The context is about physical presence at a religious event.

    *   **Sense 3:** `attend%2:42:01::` | Definition: "to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result" | Examples: "Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation".
        *   *Mismatch:* This is a more formal, somewhat archaic or literary usage implying a causal or correlative relationship (A is attended by B). It doesn't fit "attend services" in the sense of going to church.

    *   **Sense 4:** `attend%2:41:00::` | Definition: "work for or be a servant to" | Synonyms: serve, attend to, wait on, assist | Examples: "May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair".
        *   *Mismatch:* This implies service or waiting on someone. Ringing bells is a service to the church, but "attend services" refers to participation in worship, not serving the church officials in a servile way during the service.

    *   **Sense 5:** `attend%2:39:00::` | Definition: "give heed (to)" | Synonyms: hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | Examples: "The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word".
        *   *Mismatch:* While ringers *should* pay attention, the phrase "attend services" is a standard colocation for being present at the event. Sense 1 captures the specific activity of going to/being at the service.

3.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Sense 1 is the specific sense denoting presence at an event, specifically citing "church services" in the definition and examples. The context is about ringers not being present at the worship service.
    *   The phrase "attend services" matches the example "I rarely attend services at my church" almost perfectly.

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.