[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported <t>finding</t> a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "finding" in this sentence.

The context is:
"Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

The target word is "finding" which is the gerund form of "find".

Let me look at the meaning in context:
- Researchers are doing scientific research
- They "reported finding a gene called p53"
- This is about scientific discovery
- The finding is the result of research/investigation

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. find%2:40:02:: - come upon, as if by accident; meet with - This doesn't fit because the researchers weren't finding the gene by accident; it was through deliberate scientific study.

2. find%2:39:02:: - discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of - This could work - discovering a gene is determining its existence.

3. find%2:40:00:: - come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost - Doesn't fit; the gene wasn't lost.

4. find%2:32:00:: - establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study - This fits well! The researchers found the gene through investigation and study. The example about the physicist finding the elusive particle is similar to researchers finding a gene.

5. find%2:31:10:: - come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions - Doesn't fit; this is about scientific discovery.

6. find%2:39:01:: - perceive or be contemporaneous with - Doesn't fit.

7. find%2:40:01:: - get something or somebody for a specific purpose - Doesn't fit.

8. find%2:36:00:: - make a discovery, make a new finding - This also fits! The gloss mentions "make a discovery, make a new finding" and the synonym is "discover". The examples include "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" which is very similar to researchers finding a gene.

9. find%2:31:09:: - make a discovery - Also about making a discovery, but the examples are different: "She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover" - these seem more about discovering facts/information rather than physical/scientific discoveries.

10. find%2:40:03:: - obtain through effort or management - Doesn't fit well.

11. find%2:32:01:: - decide on and make a declaration about - Doesn't fit.

12. find%2:30:00:: - receive a specified treatment - Doesn't fit.

13. find%2:39:05:: - perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place - Doesn't fit.

14. find%2:40:15:: - get or find back; recover - Doesn't fit.

15. find%2:38:10:: - succeed in reaching - Doesn't fit.

16. find%2:30:13:: - accept and make use of one's personality - Doesn't fit.

Now let me compare senses 2, 4, and 8:

Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of"
- synonyms: detect, observe, discover, notice
- examples: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint"

Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
- synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain
- examples: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
- synonyms: discover
- examples: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"

Looking at this more carefully:
- Sense 2 is more about detecting/noticing something that exists
- Sense 4 is about establishing something through investigation/study
- Sense 8 is specifically about making a scientific discovery (new finding)

The context says "researchers reported finding a gene called p53" - this is a scientific discovery, finding a new gene that wasn't known before. The example in sense 8 about "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" is very similar to researchers finding a new gene.

Sense 8 seems to be the best fit because:
1. It explicitly mentions "make a discovery, make a new finding"
2. The synonym is "discover" which matches the context of discovering a gene
3. The examples are about scientific discoveries (X-rays, elementary particles)

Let me double-check sense 4: The example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" is also about scientific discovery. But the definition emphasizes "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - this is more about determining/establishing facts through study.

Actually, both senses 4 and 8 seem relevant. Let me look more carefully:

Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - The key word is "establish" - determining something exists.
Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" - The key is "make a discovery" - finding something new.

The context is about discovering a new gene (p53) - this is a scientific breakthrough/discovery. The earlier part mentions "discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth" and then "finding a gene called p53" - these are parallel scientific discoveries.

I think sense 8 is the best fit because:
1. It explicitly mentions "make a new finding" which matches the form "finding" in the text
2. It's about scientific discovery
3. The examples are highly relevant (discovering X-rays, finding a new elementary particle)

The answer should be sense 8.

provider: AtlasCloud


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene <t>called</t> p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *call*
    *   Target surface form: *called*
    *   Context snippet: "...researchers reported finding a gene <t>called</t> p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
    *   Syntactic structure: "a gene [Subject/Object] called [Verb - past participle] p53 [Object/Complement]". This is a reduced relative clause: "a gene [which is] called p53".
    *   Meaning: The researchers found a gene and gave it the name "p53". "p53" is a specific name/identifier for that gene.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: call%2:32:02::* | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader.
        *   Analysis: This fits perfectly. "p53" acts as a proper name for the gene. The structure "called p53" is synonymous with "named p53".

    *   *Sense 2: call%2:32:00::* | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful.
        *   Analysis: This is about calling someone an insult or describing them (predicative adjectives or common nouns). "p53" is not a quality or an insult; it's a specific label/identifier. Not a fit.

    *   *Sense 3: call%2:32:01::* | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone...
        *   Analysis: Telephone communication. Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 27: call%2:31:05::* | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful.
        *   Analysis: This is often close to Sense 2 (calling someone an adjective). "Call a gene p53" isn't regarding it *as* p53 in the sense of an opinion (like "I call that art"); it's the assignment of a label. Sense 1 is more specific to naming/designating.

    *   *Other senses:* Senses involving shouting (4), ordering/requesting (5), visiting (6), meetings (7), reading aloud (8), radio (9), animal cries (10), weather (11), greeting (12), harbor stops (13), loans (14), bidding (15), square dance (16), umpiring (17), predicting (18), bonds (19), censure (20), declaring (21), luring (22), ordering/strike (23), summoning (24), announcing (25), challenging (26), waking up (28).
        *   Analysis: None of these fit the context of naming a gene.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 vs Sense 2 vs Sense 27:**
    *   Sense 1: Assign a specified name. "p53" is the name. Example: "named their son David". Context: "a gene called p53". This is the standard usage for naming entities.
    *   Sense 2: Ascribe a quality (often negative or descriptive). Example: "called me a bastard". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 27: Regard as being. Example: "call her beautiful". Not applicable.

    Sense 1 is the clear match. The researchers assigned the name "p53" to the gene.

4.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The best sense index is 1.

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Target: "gene called p53".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
    *   Matches.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impair
Target surface form: impaired
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impair%2:30:00:: | definition=make worse or less effective | examples=His vision was impaired
2. sense_key=impair%2:30:01:: | definition=make imperfect | synonyms=mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate | examples=nothing marred her beauty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** "impaired" (past participle form of "impair").
2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
    *   The subject is a gene (p53).
    *   The action is "impaired".
    *   The result is that healthy cells turn cancerous.
    *   Later context mentions "the same damaged p53 gene".
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `impair%2:30:00::` | Definition: "make worse or less effective" | Example: "His vision was impaired".
    *   Sense 2: `impair%2:30:01::` | Definition: "make imperfect" | Synonyms: mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate | Example: "nothing marred her beauty".
4.  **Compare senses to context:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on functionality. If a gene is "impaired", it doesn't work correctly. It becomes "less effective" at its job (which, based on the text, is suppressing cancer). The text later refers to it as "damaged", which aligns with something being made worse or less functional. The example "His vision was impaired" deals with biological function, similar to a gene's function.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on aesthetic perfection or purity ("make imperfect", "mar", "spoil"). While a damaged gene is technically "imperfect", the context is about biological function and pathology, not aesthetics or abstract spoilage. The synonyms "mar", "spoil", "deflower" strongly suggest physical appearance or abstract quality, not necessarily functional loss in a mechanical/biological sense. A gene isn't "deflowered". It might be "spoiled", but "make worse or less effective" captures the functional consequence (failure to suppress cancer) much better than "make imperfect".
5.  **Determine the best fit:**
    *   The context describes a loss of function (the gene stops suppressing cancer).
    *   Sense 1 defines this as "make worse or less effective". A gene that doesn't stop cancer is less effective/worse.
    *   Sense 2 defines this as "make imperfect". While true, the functional aspect is dominant. The example for Sense 2 ("nothing marred her beauty") is aesthetic. The example for Sense 1 ("His vision was impaired") is physiological/functional.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.
6.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The chosen sense is Sense 1.
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turns
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a gene called p53 which, if impaired, "turns" healthy colon cells cancerous.

Let me analyze this:
- The subject is "the same damaged p53 gene" (or the gene)
- The object is "healthy colon cells"
- The result/state is "cancerous"

So we have: gene turns healthy cells cancerous.

This is a causative construction where something causes something else to become/become transformed into a different state.

Let me look at the candidates:

1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense - This is about changing direction, not applicable.

2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action - This is intransitive (the subject undergoes change), not causative.

3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become - This is intransitive (become), like "water turned into ice"

4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate - Not about transformation.

5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary - Not quite fitting.

6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of - Not applicable.

7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow - This is intransitive.

8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container - Not applicable.

9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center - Not applicable.

10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of - Not applicable.

11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go - Not applicable.

12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow - Not applicable.

13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel - Not applicable.

14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color - Not applicable.

15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain - Not applicable.

16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold

This looks promising! It's causative - "cause to change or turn into something different". The examples show "turned the frog into a prince" and "turn lead into gold" - these are causative transformations, similar to "turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating - Not applicable.

18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling - Not applicable.

19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction - Not about transformation.

20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something - Not applicable.

21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form - Not applicable.

22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of - Not applicable.

23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone - Not applicable.

24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to - Not applicable.

25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil - Not applicable.

26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older - Not applicable.

So sense 16 is the best match. It's about causing something to change into something different, assuming new characteristics. The gene causes healthy cells to become cancerous - a transformation.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
I need to determine the sense of "healthy" in this context. Let me analyze the passage.

The sentence is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

The context is about cancer research, specifically about a gene (p53) that when damaged causes normal, non-cancerous colon cells to become cancerous. The word "healthy" is describing colon cells - cells that are not cancerous, not diseased.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
   - This is about being free from disease. In the context, "healthy colon cells" means cells that are not cancerous, not diseased. This seems to fit well.

2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
   - This is about financial/economic health, not applicable here.

3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
   - This is about something that promotes health, like a healthy diet. But "healthy colon cells" are cells that themselves are healthy (not diseased), not cells that promote health.

4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
   - This is metaphorical, about good judgment. Not applicable.

5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount
   - This is about size/amount. Not applicable.

The best fit is sense 1: "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease." The "healthy colon cells" are cells that are free from disease (cancer), which is exactly what this sense describes.

So my answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colon
Target surface form: colon
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "colon"
    *   Target surface form: "colon"
    *   Context sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses cancer research, genes (retinoblastoma, p53), tumors, and cancer-suppressors. It mentions lung and breast cancers as well.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `colon%1:08:00::` - Definition: "the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum..." (Anatomy).
    *   Sense 2: `colon%1:23:01::` - Definition: "the basic unit of money in El Salvador..." (Currency).
    *   Sense 3: `colon%1:23:00::` - Definition: "the basic unit of money in Costa Rica..." (Currency).
    *   Sense 4: `colon%1:15:00::` - Definition: "a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal..." (Geography/City).
    *   Sense 5: `colon%1:10:00::` - Definition: "a punctuation mark (:)..." (Orthography).

3.  **Disambiguate based on context:**
    *   The context talks about "healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous."
    *   It mentions "tumor," "cancer," "lung and breast cancers."
    *   "Colon cells" refers to the biological tissue in the body where cancer can develop.
    *   This clearly matches Sense 1 (anatomy).
    *   Senses 2 and 3 (money) do not fit with "cells" or "cancerous."
    *   Sense 4 (city) does not fit with "cells" or "cancerous."
    *   Sense 5 (punctuation) does not fit with "cells" or "cancerous."

4.  **Select the best indexed sense:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to the anatomical organ. This is the correct sense in the phrase "colon cells."

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The request asks for a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`.
    *   My chosen sense is index 1.

6.  **Final check:**
    *   Does "colon" refer to the large intestine part? Yes.
    *   Does the context support this? Yes, discussing biological cancer.
    *   Index 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word**: The target lemma is "cell" (surface form "cells"). The context mentions "colon cells", "cancerous", "tissue", "retinal cell growth", "organisms" (implied by biology context).

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon **cells** cancerous."
    *   The sentence discusses biological processes, genes, tissues (lung, breast, colon), and organisms (humans).
    *   The context explicitly mentions "tissue", "retinal cell growth", "healthy colon cells", "cancerous".
    *   This is clearly a biological context.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: "any small compartment". Example: "the cells of a honeycomb". This is a general sense, not specific to biology.
    *   **Sense 2**: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals". This matches perfectly. The text talks about colon cells turning cancerous, tissues, and genes controlling cell growth.
    *   **Sense 3**: "a device that delivers an electric current...". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 4**: "a small unit serving as part of... a larger political movement". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 5**: "a hand-held mobile radiotelephone...". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 6**: "small room in which a monk or nun lives". Not relevant.
    *   **Sense 7**: "a room where a prisoner is kept". Not relevant.

4.  **Select the Best Sense**: Sense 2 is the standard biological definition of a cell. The context is about cancer biology, genes, tissues, and organs (colon, lung, breast, retina). Therefore, "colon cells" refers to the biological units that make up the colon tissue.

5.  **Format the Output**: The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2 (since the list is numbered 1 through 7).

    *   Wait, let me double check the indices provided in the prompt list.
    *   1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: (compartment)
    *   2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: (biology unit) -> **Target**
    *   3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: (electric)
    *   4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: (political)
    *   5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: (phone)
    *   6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: (monk room)
    *   7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: (prison room)

    The index is 2.

    JSON output: `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancerous
Target surface form: cancerous
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target word is "cancerous", used as an adjective.
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>."
    *   The broader context discusses "cancer study," "National Cancer Institute," "tumor," "cancer-suppressors," "retinoblastoma," "lung and breast cancers."
    *   The specific action is: impaired p53 gene -> turns healthy colon cells -> cancerous.
    *   This describes a biological transformation where healthy cells become diseased cells (malignant/cancer).
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "relating to or affected with cancer" (e.g., "a cancerous growth"). This is the literal, medical definition.
    *   **Sense 2:** "like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads" (e.g., "remorse was cancerous within him", "pornography is cancerous..."). This is the metaphorical/figurative definition.
4.  **Compare Context to Senses:**
    *   The context talks about actual biological cells (colon cells) becoming actual cancer. It is a medical text discussing genes and tumors.
    *   Therefore, the meaning is literal, biological, medical.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: cells affected with cancer.
    *   Sense 2 is figurative/metaphorical. The text is not saying the colon cells are "an evil that grows and spreads" in a moral sense; it is describing the medical condition.
5.  **Determine the Best Index:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.
    *   The index corresponds to the number in the list provided.
    *   Sense 1 is index 1.
6.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   Target Lemma: `report`
    *   Target Surface Form: `report`
    *   Context Sentence: "Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses scientific findings regarding cancer-suppressor genes. Dr. Dryja made a discovery. Researchers reported finding a gene called p53. The word "report" refers back to the event or the findings described in the previous sentence ("researchers reported finding a gene called p53...").

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `report%1:10:03::` | Definition: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | Synonyms: study, written report | Examples: this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to a formal document (like a scientific paper). The context mentions "researchers reported finding a gene... Soon after that report...". In scientific contexts, a "report" often refers to the published finding or paper. This seems like a strong candidate.

    *   **Sense 2:** `report%1:10:01::` | Definition: the act of informing by verbal report | Synonyms: account | Examples: he heard reports that they were causing trouble...
        *   *Fit:* While the researchers "reported" (verb), the noun usage "Soon after that report" implies a specific entity or event. Is it the *act* of informing? Or the *document* containing the information? In science, "that report" usually refers to the published result or the news of the finding. Sense 2 focuses on the act/verbal aspect. Scientific findings are usually written (papers, journals), even if announced.

    *   **Sense 3:** `report%1:10:00::` | Definition: a short account of the news | Synonyms: news report, story, account, write up | Examples: the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news.
        *   *Fit:* This sense is often used in journalism (news report). The context is an article (likely from a news source like WSJ or similar given the style), discussing scientific news. The "report" refers to the finding of the p53 gene. Was it a "news report" or a "scientific report"? The sentence says "researchers reported finding...". "Soon after that report..." refers to the publicized finding. It could fit here as a "news account", but Sense 1 (written document/findings) fits the scientific nature better. Scientific "reports" are documents. However, if this text is from a newspaper, "report" could mean the news story *about* the finding. Let's look closer at the antecedent: "researchers reported finding a gene...". The "report" is the finding itself or the publication of it.

    *   **Sense 4:** `report%1:11:00::` | Definition: a sharp explosive sound...
        *   *Fit:* No. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5:** `report%1:10:04::` | Definition: a written evaluation of a student's scholarship...
        *   *Fit:* No. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `report%1:10:02::` | Definition: an essay (especially one written as an assignment)...
        *   *Fit:* No. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 7:** `report%1:09:00::` | Definition: the general estimation that the public has for a person...
        *   *Fit:* No. Irrelevant.

3.  **Differentiate between Sense 1 and Sense 3 (and maybe 2):**

    *   Context: "researchers reported finding a gene... Soon after that report..."
    *   Sense 1 is "a written document describing the findings...". Synonyms include "study". In science, when researchers "report" a finding, they usually publish it. The noun "report" referring to scientific findings usually aligns with the document/study sense (Sense 1).
    *   Sense 3 is "a short account of the news". This is often the journalist's report.
    *   The text says: "researchers reported finding a gene... Soon after that report..."
    *   The "report" is the content of what the researchers said/found. Is it a "written document" (Sense 1) or a "news account" (Sense 3)?
    *   In WordNet, Sense 1 (`report%1:10:03::`) is specifically for "findings of some individual or group". The example is "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". This matches the scientific context perfectly. "Researchers... reported finding a gene". The resulting entity is a report of findings.
    *   Sense 3 (`report%1:10:00::`) is "news report, story". The example is "the story was on the 11 o'clock news". While this text might be from a news article, the *referent* of "that report" is the researchers' findings/publication. Scientific findings published by researchers constitute Sense 1 (a report/study).
    *   Let's check Sense 2 (`report%1:10:01::`) "the act of informing". "Soon after the act of informing..." - possible, but usually "that report" implies a tangible or specific informational entity (the finding/paper). Sense 1 is more concrete and fits "findings".

    *   *Decision:* The antecedent is "researchers reported finding a gene". The noun "report" refers to the specific set of findings. WordNet Sense 1 defines it as a document describing findings. Synonyms include "study". This aligns best with scientific discourse where a "report" is a presentation of findings.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3. If the context were "The news published a report on the gene," Sense 3 would be strong. But here, "researchers reported finding... that report". The researchers produced the report. Researchers produce "studies" or "written reports" (Sense 1), whereas news agencies produce "news reports" (Sense 3). Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit for the researchers' output.

    *   Final check: Sense 1 definition: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group". The "individual or group" here is the "researchers" mentioned in the previous sentence. They reported findings. The noun refers to that output. Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

    *   Index 1 corresponds to Sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "other" in this passage.

The target sentence is: "Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

In this context, "other" is being used to refer to" that also made discoveries.

Let's look at each sense:

1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

This sense describes "other" as meaning "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." This fits well with the context where "two other research teams" means two additional/different research teams beyond those already mentioned.

2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening

This refers to "other" in a temporal sense meaning "recently past" (like "the other evening"). This doesn't fit the context.

3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations

This refers to "other" meaning "belonging to the distant past," similar to "early" or "former." This doesn't fit the context.

4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

This refers to "other" meaning "strange" or "very unusual." This doesn't fit the context.

Based on the context, the correct sense is sense_index 1, which defines "other" as "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." In the passage, "two other research teams" refers to two additional research teams beyond those already mentioned in the previous sentences.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: team
    *   Target surface form: teams
    *   Context: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses scientists, researchers, Dr. Dryja, the National Cancer Institute, and genetic research (retinoblastoma, p53 gene).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" | synonyms: squad.
    *   Sense 2: "two or more draft animals that work together to pull something".

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1 (Cooperative unit):**
    *   The context refers to "research teams".
    *   In academic and scientific contexts, a "team" is a group of people working together towards a common goal (uncovering evidence, finding genes).
    *   The definition says "especially in sports", which is a schematic restriction often found in WordNet to distinguish it from other types of teams, but the core definition is "a cooperative unit".
    *   "Research teams" fits the definition of a cooperative unit perfectly. They are groups of scientists working together.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 2 (Draft animals):**
    *   The context talks about human researchers (scientists, Dr. Dryja).
    *   There is no mention of horses, oxen, or pulling carts/plows.
    *   This sense is clearly incorrect for the context.

5.  **Compare and Refine:**
    *   While Sense 1's definition mentions sports, the broad application of "team" (cooperative unit) covers business teams, research teams, project teams, etc.
    *   WordNet often has specific senses for specific domains, but here the general sense of a group of people working together aligns with Sense 1. Sense 2 is specifically for animals.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice, despite the "especially in sports" qualifier in the gloss, which serves as a prototypical example rather than an exclusive restriction in general usage, or at least it is the closest available sense among the candidates.

6.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The "research teams" are groups of people cooperating.
    *   Sense 1 defines a team as a cooperative unit.
    *   Sense 2 defines a team as draft animals.
    *   Choice: Sense 1.

7.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**: The sentence is "...two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   The "evidence" here refers to scientific findings or data that support a specific hypothesis (that the p53 gene is present in other cancers).
    *   It is something that was "uncovered" (found/discovered).
    *   It serves as proof or indication of a scientific fact.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `evidence%1:09:00::` | definition: "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" | synonyms: grounds | examples: "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling".
        *   This sense emphasizes the *basis for belief*. The context involves scientific research establishing a fact. The "evidence" is the basis for believing the gene is present. The example "evidence that smoking causes lung cancer" is structurally very similar to the context "evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present...".
    *   **Sense 2**: `evidence%1:10:01::` | definition: "an indication that makes something evident" | examples: "his trembling was evidence of his fear".
        *   This sense often refers to a physical sign or symptom (like trembling) that points to a state or condition. While the scientific findings are indications, Sense 1 seems more specific to the *body of knowledge* or basis for a conclusion in a formal/investigative context (like research). Sense 2 is often used for more immediate, physical signs (e.g., "snow was evidence of winter").
    *   **Sense 3**: `evidence%1:10:00::` | definition: "(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved".
        *   This is strictly a legal sense (judicial trial). The context is scientific research, not a courtroom.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   Sense 1 is defined as "basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief". The context describes research teams finding something that supports a scientific conclusion. The "evidence" is the grounds for the conclusion that p53 is involved in other cancers.
    *   Sense 2 is "an indication that makes something evident".
    *   WordNet sense divisions can be subtle. Sense 1 (often labeled `grounds`) is about the justification for a proposition. Sense 2 is often about a sign. In scientific contexts, "uncovering evidence" usually refers to data/findings (grounds/basis) rather than just a sign. The example for Sense 1 ("the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer") aligns perfectly with the scientific/medical context of the target sentence.

4.  **Decision**: Sense 1 is the best fit. It captures the "basis for belief" aspect of scientific discovery. The researchers found data (basis) to support the belief/hypothesis. The example provided in Sense 1 is about cancer and causes, mirroring the medical context.

    *   Target: "...uncovered evidence that..."
    *   Sense 1 Example: "...evidence that smoking causes..."
    *   Structure matches. Domain (medical/scientific) matches.

5.  **Format Output**: JSON object with `sense_index`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is "...two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   The target word is "same".
    *   It modifies "damaged p53 gene".
    *   The previous sentences mention "finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired...".
    *   The "same" gene refers to the specific identity of the gene mentioned earlier (p53). It's not just a similar gene, or a gene of the same quality, but the identical specific entity (the p53 gene) that was found in colon cancer is now found in lung and breast cancers.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `same%3:00:02::` | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice.
        *   This refers to identity. The p53 gene found in colon cancer is the *identical* genetic entity found in lung/breast cancer. It is the same specific gene (p53). This fits well.

    *   **Sense 2:** `same%3:00:00::` | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age.
        *   This refers to similarity/comparability. "The same color", "the same age". While the genes are similar (obviously), the text implies the specific gene type/entity (p53) is present. However, looking at the definition "same in identity" vs "similar in kind", in scientific contexts regarding a specific gene (p53), one usually talks about it being the *same* gene (identity) or just the same *type* of gene? The text says "the same damaged p53 gene". Is it one physical molecule? No, it's the gene sequence/locus. Is that identity or kind?
        *   Let's look at the examples. "The same man" (identity). "The same dress" (identity).
        *   "The same color" (quality).
        *   If I say "I have the same car as you", it usually means same model (Sense 2) or the exact same physical car (Sense 1).
        *   Here, "the same damaged p53 gene". This means the p53 gene, which was damaged in the previous context (colon cancer), is the one found here. It is identifying the gene by name/type.
        *   Let's check if it implies identity of the specific molecule or identity of the type. Since genes are types/instructions rather than single physical objects (like a dress), there's a nuance.
        *   However, WordNet Sense 1 "same in identity" usually covers cases where the referent is identified as the one previously mentioned.
        *   WordNet Sense 2 "closely similar or comparable in kind...".
        *   Let's check the distinctness. "The same man" (Sense 1) vs "Two girls of the same age" (Sense 2).
        *   In the text: "...finding a gene called p53... the same damaged p53 gene is present...". The gene is p53. It's identifying it as that specific gene. It's not saying "a similar gene". It's saying "that gene, p53".
        *   Therefore, "same in identity" (Sense 1) feels strongest. It refers back to the specific gene mentioned (the p53 gene).

    *   **Sense 3:** `same%3:00:04::` | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts.
        *   This doesn't fit. It's not about amount or value equivalence in a numerical sense.

    *   **Sense 4:** `same%5:00:00:unchanged:00` | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same.
        *   This is an adjective describing a state of unchangingness over time. Not applicable here.

3.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: "same in identity".
    *   Sense 2: "closely similar... in kind".
    *   Context: "finding a gene called p53... the same damaged p53 gene..."
    *   If I find a gene in a colon, and then I find the "same gene" in a lung, am I finding a gene identical in identity or kind?
    *   Biologically, every cell has a copy of the p53 gene. Finding the "same gene" usually means finding the same *type* of gene (p53 rather than, say, p21). But in the context of the discourse, it identifies the subject. "I found a cat. Later I found the same cat." (Identity). "I found a cat. Later I found the same species." (Kind).
    *   Here, "gene called p53" is the noun phrase. "The same damaged p53 gene". This emphasizes that it is *that specific one* (p53) that was just discussed. It functions as an identity marker. "The same man I saw yesterday" -> "The same gene I saw in the colon".
    *   Compare with Sense 2 example: "Two girls of the same age". Here, "same" distributes over the quality (age).
    *   In the target sentence, does "same" distribute over a quality? "The same [damaged] gene". It identifies the gene. It is the p53 gene. It is the *same* gene (p53) that was mentioned.
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy/definitions again.
    *   Sense 1 "same in identity" is the standard definition for "the same X" meaning "the X previously mentioned".
    *   Sense 2 "closely similar... in kind". Example: "curtains the same color".
    *   The distinction:
        *   "This is the same car I drove yesterday." (Identity - Sense 1).
        *   "We have the same car." (Meaning same model/kind - often Sense 2, but ambiguous).
        *   "The same gene" in biology usually refers to the locus/name. It is the same *type* of gene (p53), but in discourse analysis, "the same gene" refers back to the entity "gene called p53". It is identical in terms of the identifier.
    *   Sense 1 is generally the default for "the same [noun]" referring to a previously mentioned specific noun phrase, unless the context explicitly forces a "similar quality" reading (like "same size", "same color").
    *   Since "gene" is a noun denoting a specific biological entity type here, and the text is linking the discovery of p53 in colon to p53 in lung/breast, it asserts that the entity identified earlier is found elsewhere. This aligns with Sense 1.

    *   Let's double check the examples for Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: "the same man I saw yesterday". Identity of the individual.
    *   Sense 2: "two girls of the same age". Identity of the attribute.
    *   In the text: "the same damaged p53 gene".
    *   Is it "the same [gene] as the one mentioned"? Yes.
    *   Is it "a gene with the same [attribute]"? No.
    *   Therefore, it is Sense 1. The gene is identified as the one previously introduced.

    *   Let's check if there is a subtle interpretation where it is Sense 2. "The same gene" usually means "the same type of gene". If I say "Humans and chimps have the same gene for cytochrome c", is it Sense 1 or 2? It's identical in sequence (mostly). But "same in identity" in WordNet usually applies to unique referents or identifying the object of discussion.
    *   However, in WordNet, Sense 1 "same in identity" covers "the same man". "Same gene" acts like "same man". It's the specific gene (p53). Even if there are copies, in the discourse, it is the identical referent.
    *   Sense 2 is "similar in kind". Example: "Curtains the same color".
    *   The text doesn't say "tissue with the same gene mutations" (similarity). It says "the same ... gene". It identifies the gene. It points back to "a gene called p53".
    *   This pointing back function is the core of "same in identity" (Sense 1).

    *   Let's look at Sense 3. "equal in amount or value". Synonyms: like. Examples: "like amounts". Not relevant.
    *   Let's look at Sense 4. "unchanged". Not relevant.

    *   Decision: Sense 1.
    *   Justification: The phrase "the same damaged p53 gene" refers to the specific gene mentioned in the previous sentence ("finding a gene called p53"). It identifies the entity in the current context as being identical to the entity mentioned previously. This matches the definition "same in identity" and the example "the same man I saw yesterday".

    *   Why not Sense 2? Sense 2 implies comparison of attributes (same color, same age). While genes are biological types, the structure "the same X" where X is the head noun referring to a previously mentioned X usually falls under identity (Sense 1). If the sentence were "they found a gene of the same type," that might be Sense 2. But "the same gene" takes Sense 1. Note that even if "gene" implies a type, in the discourse flow, it treats "p53" as the identity.

    *   Let's verify with the example "never wore the same dress twice". A dress is a physical object. "Gene" is an abstract object/molecular sequence. Is it the "same dress" (identity) or "same kind of dress"? The example "never wore the same dress twice" implies the physical object is identical.
    *   However, consider "the same word". "He used the same word." (Identity of the lexeme). WordNet usually puts this under Sense 1 (same in identity).
    *   Consider "the same mistake". (Sense 1).
    *   Consider "the same situation". (Sense 2? Or 1?). Usually Sense 1 for identity/anaphora.
    *   Let's look at the Sense 2 definition again: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree".
    *   If the text meant "a gene of the same type (p53)", does that fit "same in identity"?
    *   Let's assume the standard WSD distinction.
        *   Sense 1: Identity. $x = y$.
        *   Sense 2: Similarity/Equivalence of attributes. $Attribute(x) \approx Attribute(y)$.
    *   Here: Gene(found in colon) = p53. Gene(found in lung) = p53.
    *   Are they the *same* gene?
        *   Strictly biologically, they are copies. But conceptually, "p53" is the identity.
        *   If I say "I have the same book as you", I usually mean same title (Sense 2 - kind). But if I point to a book and say "I want the same book", I mean that physical one (Sense 1).
        *   In the snippet: "...finding a gene called p53... the same damaged p53 gene...".
        *   This is anaphoric reference. "The same [noun phrase]" is the construction. "The same man", "the same dress".
        *   If it were Sense 2, it would typically involve a dimension: "same color", "same age".
        *   The absence of a dimension noun (color, age, size) strongly points to Sense 1. The dimension is implied to be the entity itself.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *   Let's check the indices provided in the prompt.
    *   Sense 1: `same%3:00:02::` -> index 1.
    *   Sense 2: `same%3:00:00::` -> index 2.
    *   Sense 3: `same%3:00:04::` -> index 3.
    *   Sense 4: `same%5:00:00:unchanged:00` -> index 4.

    *   Wait, I need to make sure the indices in the output correspond to the list order in the prompt.
    *   The list has:
        1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: ...
        2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: ...
        3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: ...
        4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 ...

    *   Wait, looking at the prompt list again:
        Candidate senses:
        1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: ... (definition=same in identity)
        2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: ... (definition=closely similar...)
        3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: ... (definition=equal in amount...)
        4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 ... (definition=unchanged...)

    *   Okay, let's re-read the definitions and examples carefully to ensure the mappings are correct with the list provided.
    *   List item 1: `same%3:00:02::` | def: same in identity. Ex: same man, same dress.
    *   List item 2: `same%3:00:00::` | def: closely similar... in kind... Ex: same color, same age.
    *   List item 3: `same%3:00:04::` | def: equal in amount... Syn: like. Ex: like amounts.
    *   List item 4: `same%5:00:00:unchanged:00` | def: unchanged... Ex: village stayed the same.

    *   My analysis stands:
    *   The text "the same damaged p53 gene" refers to the identity of the gene mentioned previously (p53).
    *   It functions as an anaphora pointing to the identical entity (type/token issue aside, WSD usually treats "the same X" referring to a previous "X" as identity).
    *   It matches the definition "same in identity".
    *   It matches the example "the same man" (anaphoric identity).
    *   It does not match "closely similar in kind" (which usually involves an attribute "same age", "same color").
    *   It is not "equal in amount".
    *   It is not "unchanged".

    *   Therefore, the correct index is 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
1.  **An target word**: The target word is "damaged" (adjective, past participle functioning as an adjective).
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers." The text discusses cancer research, specifically genes (p53) that suppress cancer but, when impaired or changed, lead to cancer.
3.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 1**: `damaged%3:00:00::` | definition="harmed or injured or spoiled" | examples="I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings". This refers to physical harm or impairment. In a biological context, a "damaged gene" implies a mutation, structural alteration, or functional impairment of the DNA sequence.
4.  **Analyze Candidate Sense 2**: `damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00` | definition="being unjustly brought into disrepute" | synonyms="discredited" | examples="a discredited politician; her damaged reputation". This refers to reputation or social standing. A gene cannot have a "reputation" in the human sense.
5.  **Compare with Context**: The context describes a biological entity (the p53 gene) that is physically/functionally impaired ("turns healthy colon cells cancerous"). This fits the definition of physical harm or spoilage (sense 1), not disrepute (sense 2).
6. ": 3}`. I need to map the chosen sense to the index number provided in the prompt.
    - Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    - Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
8.  **Final Selection**: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `damaged`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: A scientific/medical text discussing the p53 gene. Specifically, "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: harmed or injured or spoiled (physical damage). Examples: damaged goods, damaged buildings.
        *   Sense 2: being unjustly brought into disrepute (abstract/reputational damage). Synonyms: discredited. Examples: discredited politician, damaged reputation.
    *   Constraint: Return JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is an integer. No hedging.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The phrase is "damaged p53 gene".
    *   The subject is a gene (p53).
    *   The text discusses biology, cancer, and genes.
    *   The context says if p53 is "impaired", it turns cells cancerous. The text uses "damaged" to describe the physical/functional state of the gene that leads to cancer.
    *   A gene is a biological/physical entity. It can be mutated, impaired, or physically altered (damaged).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1 (harmed or injured or spoiled):* This sense fits physical objects or biological entities. A gene that is "damaged" is one that has undergone mutation or structural harm that prevents it from functioning correctly (suppressing cancer). The synonym "impaired" is used earlier in the text. This aligns with "injured" or "spoiled" in a biological context. The examples are physical objects (goods, buildings), but the definition is broad enough to cover biological structures.
    *   *Sense 2 (being unjustly brought into disrepute):* This sense applies to reputations or abstract standing. Synonyms include "discredited". Examples are "politician" and "reputation". A gene cannot have a reputation. It cannot be "discredited" in the social sense. This sense is clearly wrong for a biological molecule.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Sense 1 applies to the physical/functional impairment of the gene.
    *   Sense 2 applies to reputation.
    *   The context is biological/physical.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user requires `{"sense_index": 1}` or `{"sense_index": 2}`.
    *   My choice is 1.

6.  **Final Check:**
    *   Did I use the context? Yes (p53 gene, cancer, impaired).
    *   Did I use the definition? Yes (harmed/injured/spoiled vs disrepute).
    *   Did I check examples? Yes (physical objects vs reputation).
    *   Is the JSON valid? Yes.