[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: draft
Target surface form: draft
Context:
With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page <t>draft</t> treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=draft%1:21:00:: | definition=a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another | synonyms=bill of exchange, order of payment
2. sense_key=draft%1:19:00:: | definition=a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle) | synonyms=draught
3. sense_key=draft%1:06:01:: | definition=a preliminary sketch of a design or picture | synonyms=rough drawing
4. sense_key=draft%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg | synonyms=draught, potation, tipple | examples=they served beer on draft
5. sense_key=draft%1:10:00:: | definition=any of the various versions in the development of a written work | synonyms=draft copy | examples=a preliminary draft; the final draft of the constitution
6. sense_key=draft%1:07:00:: | definition=the depth of a vessel's keel below the surface (especially when loaded) | synonyms=draught
7. sense_key=draft%1:06:02:: | definition=a regulator for controlling the flow of air in a fireplace
8. sense_key=draft%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of liquid medicine | synonyms=draught | examples=he took a sleeping draft
9. sense_key=draft%1:04:03:: | definition=compulsory military service | synonyms=conscription, muster, selective service
10. sense_key=draft%1:04:02:: | definition=a large and hurried swallow | synonyms=gulp, draught, swig | examples=he finished it at a single gulp
11. sense_key=draft%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling | synonyms=draught, drawing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The target word is "draft" used as a noun.
    *   The specific sentence is: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning."
    *   The surrounding context talks about climate change negotiations, treaties, proposals, and written documents being produced for a meeting (Copenhagen).
    *   Key phrase: "draft treaty proposal". This implies a preliminary version of a written agreement.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   1. `draft%1:21:00::`: a document ordering the payment of money... (Financial bill of exchange). Incorrect context.
    *   2. `draft%1:19:00::`: a current of air... (Wind). Incorrect context.
    *   3. `draft%1:06:01::`: a preliminary sketch of a design or picture... (Visual art/design). Too specific to visual arts, though "preliminary" is the right concept.
    *   4. `draft%1:10:00::`: a serving of drink... (Beer). Incorrect context.
    *   5. `draft%1:10:00::`: any of the various versions in the development of a written work. Synonyms: draft copy. Examples: "a preliminary draft", "the final draft of the constitution". This fits perfectly with "draft treaty proposal". It refers to a version of a document that is likely subject to revision or negotiation.
    *   6. `draft%1:07:00::`: the depth of a vessel's keel... (Nautical). Incorrect context.
    *   7. `draft%1:06:02::`: a regulator for controlling the flow of air... (Fireplace). Incorrect context.
    *   8. `draft%1:06:00::`: a dose of liquid medicine... Incorrect context.
    *   9. `draft%1:04:03::`: compulsory military service... Incorrect context.
    *   10. `draft%1:04:02::`: a large and hurried swallow... Incorrect context.
    *   11. `draft%1:04:00::`: the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling... Incorrect context.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 5 describes "any of the various versions in the development of a written work".
    *   The text discusses a "draft treaty proposal". A treaty is a written work. A draft is a version of that work produced during the development/negotiation phase.
    *   Sense 3 ("preliminary sketch of a design or picture") is related but Sense 5 is explicitly about *written work*, which matches "treaty".

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 5 is index 5.

    Let's double check the indexing.
    1 -> bill of exchange
    2 -> air current
    3 -> sketch
    4 -> drink
    5 -> written work version
    ...
    Yes, Sense 5 corresponds to index 5.

    Therefore, the output should be `{"sense_index": 5}`.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proposal
Target surface form: proposal
Context:
With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty <t>proposal</t> early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:02:: | definition=an offer of marriage | synonyms=marriage proposal, proposal of marriage, marriage offer
3. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a proposal | synonyms=proposition | examples=they listened to her proposal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "proposal" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the Context:** The text discusses international climate change negotiations (Copenhagen).
    *   Sentence: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning."
    *   Key phrases: "draft treaty proposal", "produced a... proposal", "climate change negotiations", "draft treaty".
    *   Meaning: A formal document or plan put forward for consideration by the Alliance of Small Island States. It is a substantive thing (a document/plan), not an action or a marriage offer.
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `proposal%1:10:00::` | definition="something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)". This fits perfectly. The "24-page draft treaty proposal" is a document containing a plan for a treaty.
    *   **Sense 2:** `proposal%1:10:02::` | definition="an offer of marriage". Incorrect context.
    *   **Sense 3:** `proposal%1:10:01::` | definition="the act of making a proposal". Example: "they listened to her proposal" (which can be ambiguous, but the definition focuses on the *act*).
        *   *Evaluation:* Is it the act or the thing? The text says they "produced a ... proposal". You produce a document/plan, not usually the abstract act of proposing (though you can "make a proposal" which is the act). "Produced a draft treaty proposal" strongly implies the physical or conceptual object/document containing the plan. Sense 1 covers "something proposed (such as a plan)". This matches "draft treaty proposal".
4.  **Compare Sense 1 vs Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is the object/plan.
    *   Sense 3 is the act.
    *   Context: "produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal".
    *   "Produced" takes an object. The object is a "proposal".
    *   While "making a proposal" involves the act, the "proposal" itself in this context refers to the *document/plan* (the thing proposed), not the speech act itself.
    *   WordNet distinctions: Sense 1 is "something proposed". Sense 3 is "the act of making a proposal".
    *   The context emphasizes the content and existence of the document ("24-page"), which aligns with "something proposed".
5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct choice. It refers to the plan/document submitted for consideration.
6.  **Format Output:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: morning
Target surface form: morning
Context:
With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday <t>morning</t>. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=morning%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period between dawn and noon | synonyms=morn, morning time, forenoon | examples=I spent the morning running errands
2. sense_key=morning%1:10:00:: | definition=a conventional expression of greeting or farewell | synonyms=good morning
3. sense_key=morning%1:28:01:: | definition=the first light of day | synonyms=dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day | examples=we got up before dawn; they talked until morning
4. sense_key=morning%1:11:00:: | definition=the earliest period | synonyms=dawn | examples=the dawn of civilization; the morning of the world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: morning
    *   Target surface form: morning
    *   Context snippet: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday <t>morning</t>."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "the time period between dawn and noon". Synonyms: morn, morning time, forenoon. Example: "I spent the morning running errands".
    *   Sense 2: "a conventional expression of greeting or farewell". Synonyms: good morning.
    *   Sense 3: "the first light of day". Synonyms: dawn, dawning, etc. Example: "we got up before dawn".
    *   Sense 4: "the earliest period". Synonyms: dawn. Example: "the morning of the world".

3.  **Evaluate the context vs. senses:**
    *   The phrase is "early Friday morning".
    *   Does it refer to a greeting? No, it's a time reference, not a dialogue. (Eliminate Sense 2).
    *   Does it refer to the "earliest period" metaphorically (like "morning of civilization")? No, it refers to a specific time on a specific day. (Eliminate Sense 4).
    *   Does it refer specifically to the "first light of day" (synonyms: dawn, daybreak)?
        *   The phrase "early Friday morning" usually refers to the early part of the *period* of the morning (e.g., 8 AM, 9 AM), not necessarily the exact moment of sunrise/dawn. While "morning" includes dawn, the sense "the first light of day" (Sense 3) is usually distinguished as "dawn" or "break of day". "Early morning" suggests a span of time after dawn but before noon.
    *   Does it refer to "the time period between dawn and noon"?
        *   "Friday morning" is the standard label for the period of the day on Friday before noon. "Early Friday morning" specifies a sub-section of that period.
        *   Sense 1 fits the standard usage of "Friday morning" as a time block.

4.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 3 (dawn/first light): This is often used in contexts like "they talked until morning" (meaning until daylight broke) or "we got up before morning".
    *   Sense 1 (time period between dawn and noon): This is the standard temporal reference. "Friday morning" is a calendrical/clock-time reference.
    *   In the context of a proposal being produced "early Friday morning", it refers to the time of day (likely between, say, 6 AM and 11 AM), not the phenomenon of the sun rising. The proposal wasn't produced *at* the crack of dawn specifically, but during the morning period.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

6.  **Formatting:** JSON object {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international <t>climate</t> negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "climate" used in the context of "international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission". The context is about climate change, greenhouse gases, etc.

Sense 1: "the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time" - This is the literal, meteorological sense of climate.
Sense 2: "the prevailing psychological state" - This is the figurative sense (climate of opinion).

In the phrase "international climate negotiations", "climate" refers to climate change in the meteorological sense, which corresponds to sense 1.

Therefore, the correct sense index is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiations
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the two candidate senses for the word "negotiations" (plural form of "negotiation").

The context is about climate change talks/negotiations, specifically:
- Countries are feuding over obligations
- Major powers fighting over costs for curbing greenhouse gases
- Pushing for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen
- The talks producing a political deal
- A draft treaty proposal
- Heads of government arriving to strike a deal

The target phrase is: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission..."

Let me look at the two senses:

1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue

2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Analyzing:

Sense 1 emphasizes "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" with synonyms like "dialogue, talks" and examples like "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" - this seems to refer to a specific discussion/meeting/event.

Sense 2 emphasizes "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms" - this seems more like a process, an ongoing activity or function.

In the context, Artur Runge-Metzger "heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission" - this suggests he leads/oversees an ongoing process, an official function or activity. It's not just a single discussion but an ongoing diplomatic process/business of negotiating climate agreements.

The context also mentions "The talks" multiple times, and refers to the ongoing process of trying to reach agreements. The fact that someone "heads" these negotiations suggests it's an institutionalized process/activity rather than a single discussion event.

However, looking more carefully:
- The synonyms in Sense 1 are "dialogue, talks"
- The context repeatedly refers to "the talks" (e.g., "the talks will produce a political deal")
- This matches with Sense 1's synonyms

But let me reconsider. The phrase "heads international climate negotiations" could be interpreted as:
- He leads the discussions (Sense 1 - specific event/process)
- He is in charge of the activity/business of negotiating (Sense 2 - more abstract, professional role)

Looking at the WordNet structure:
- Sense 1:10:00 (noun.communication domain) - discussion
- Sense 1:04:00 (noun.act domain) - activity/business

The context uses "negotiations" plural, and talks about the ongoing process. The fact that he "heads" these negotiations suggests it's an official role overseeing the activity/business of negotiating climate agreements.

But the synonyms "dialogue, talks" in Sense 1 match well with the context's use of "talks" throughout.

Let me think about this more carefully:

The context talks about:
- "the talks will produce a political deal"
- "The talks took on new urgency"

These "talks" are clearly synonymous with the "negotiations" being referred to. Sense 1 has "talks" as a synonym, which aligns well.

Sense 1 is about "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" - the climate negotiations are discussions intended to produce an agreement (a treaty or political deal).

Sense 2 is about "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement" - this is more about the professional/official function.

Given that:
1. The context uses "talks" which is a synonym for Sense 1
2. The negotiations are clearly discussions intended to produce an agreement (treaty/political deal)
3. Sense 1's example "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" parallels the ongoing climate negotiation process

I think Sense 1 is the better fit. The fact that someone "heads" these negotiations doesn't necessarily make it Sense 2 - you can head a discussion process as well.

Sense 1: sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00::

This captures the essence of the climate negotiations as discussions/dialogues/talks intended to produce an agreement (treaty or politicaldeal).

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: behalf
Target surface form: behalf
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=behalf%1:04:00:: | definition=as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as  rather than ) | examples=on behalf of; in behalf of
2. sense_key=behalf%1:07:00:: | definition=for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a possessive) | examples=in your behalf; campaigning in his own behalf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "behalf" in this sentence:

"Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has 'put political pressure on the entire political process,'..."

The phrase is "on behalf of the European Commission". Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=behalf%1:04:00::
   Definition: as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as "on behalf of" rather than "in behalf of")
   Examples: on behalf of; in behalf of

2. sense_key=behalf%1:07:00::
   Definition: for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a possessive)
   Examples: in your behalf; campaigning in his own behalf

In this context, Artur Runge-Metzger is heading international climate negotiations as a representative or agent of the European Commission. He is acting on their behalf, representing their interests and positions.

The context uses "on behalf of", which aligns with sense 1's note that this sense is "usually expressed as 'on behalf of' rather than 'in behalf of'". The examples for sense 1 include "on behalf of" which matches the exact phrase used in the context.

Sense 2 is described as being for someone's benefit, and the examples show "in your behalf" and "campaigning in his own behalf", which don't match the context here. Additionally, sense 2 notes that it's "usually expressed as 'in behalf' rather than 'on behalf'".

Given the usage of "on behalf of" in the context, and the meaning being that of representation/agency rather than benefit, sense 1 is clearly the correct choice here.

My answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1. ge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has 'put political **pressure** on the entire political process,' in part because they are now unified and demanding action..."
    *   The phrase is "put political pressure on the entire political process".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `pressure%1:19:00::` | Physical physics definition (force per unit area, pascals, dynes).
        *   *Fit:* No. The context is political negotiation, not physical force on a surface area.

    *   **Sense 2:** `pressure%1:07:00::` | Definition: "a force that compels" | Examples: "the public brought pressure to bear on the government".
        *   *Fit:* Very strong. The context involves small island nations trying to "compel" or influence the political process and major emitters. The example "the public brought pressure to bear on the government" aligns perfectly with "put political pressure on the entire political process". It represents influence or coercion.

    *   **Sense 3:** `pressure%1:04:00::` | Definition: "the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure" | Synonyms: press, pressing.
        *   *Fit:* No. This refers to a physical action (pressing a button, stopping bleeding).

    *   **Sense 4:** `pressure%1:26:00::` | Definition: "the state of demanding notice or attention" | Synonyms: imperativeness, insistence.
        *   *Fit:* Weak. While there is a demand, "political pressure" usually refers to the coercive force applied to achieve an outcome, rather than just the state of demanding attention. Sense 2 captures the "force" aspect better. However, it's worth noting if Sense 2 fits better as an abstract "compelling force".

    *   **Sense 5:** `pressure%1:09:00::` | Definition: somatic sensation (feeling on skin).
        *   *Fit:* No. Not physical sensation.

    *   **Sense 6:** `pressure%1:26:01::` | Definition: "an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress".
        *   *Fit:* No. While negotiations can be stressful, the phrase "put political pressure *on*" implies an active application of influence/coercion, not just a state of distress.

    *   **Sense 7:** `pressure%1:19:01::` | Definition: atmospheric pressure.
        *   *Fit:* No. Weather/climate change is the topic, but "pressure" here refers to negotiation tactics, not barometric pressure.

3.  **Compare Sense 2 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels". Example: "the public brought pressure to bear on the government".
    *   Sense 4: "the state of demanding notice or attention". Example: "the press of business matters".
    *   Context: "put political pressure on the entire political process".
    *   The context describes an action of applying influence to force a result (compelling action). The construction "put pressure on" or "bring pressure to bear" is idiomatic for exerting a compelling force. The specific usage "political pressure" maps most strongly to the abstract force that compels action (Sense 2). Sense 4 is more about urgency or importunity (like "the pressure of time"), whereas Sense 2 is about coercion/influence applied by one agent on another. The example provided for Sense 2 is remarkably similar to the context sentence.

4.  **Select the best match:**
    *   Sense 2 is the clear winner. The definition "a force that compels" and the example "the public brought pressure to bear on the government" perfectly match the context of political negotiations where nations are trying to force action.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object with the sense index.
    *   The index corresponds to the numbered list provided in the prompt.
    *   Sense 2 is the second item in the list.

:00:: (physics)
    2. pressure%1:07:00:: (force that compels) -> This is the one.
    3. pressure%1:04:00:: (act of pressing)
    ...

    The index is 2.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: process
Target surface form: process
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=process%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
2. sense_key=process%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
3. sense_key=process%1:10:00:: | definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons
4. sense_key=process%1:09:01:: | definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
5. sense_key=process%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
6. sense_key=process%1:03:00:: | definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "process".
    *   Context snippet: "...put political pressure on the entire political **process**," in part because they are now unified and demanding action..."
    *   Domain: Climate change negotiations (Copenhagen), politics, international relations.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (process%1:04:00::):** "a particular course of action intended to achieve a result" (synonyms: procedure). Examples: driver's license, trial and error.
        *   *Fit:* This fits the idea of a negotiation process. Negotiations are a course of action intended to achieve a result (a treaty/deal).
    *   **Sense 2 (process%1:09:00::):** "the performance of some composite cognitive activity" (synonyms: cognitive process, mental process).
        *   *Fit:* Not psychological/cognitive in the individual sense. It's a social/political activity.
    *   **Sense 3 (process%1:10:00::):** "a writ issued by authority of law..." (synonyms: summons).
        *   *Fit:* Legal term, but refers to a court summons, not a negotiation framework.
    *   **Sense 4 (process%1:09:01::):** "a mental process that you are not directly aware of" (synonyms: unconscious process).
        *   *Fit:* Not psychological.
    *   **Sense 5 (process%1:08:00::):** "a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism" (synonyms: outgrowth, appendage).
        *   *Fit:* Biological term. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 6 (process%1:03:00::):** "a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states" (synonyms: physical process).
        *   *Fit:* Could arguably apply to a long-term historical process, but usually physical/scientific (e.g., calcification). While the negotiations are a series of states, Sense 1 is much more specific to a *course of action* undertaken by agents to achieve a goal.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 vs. Sense 6:**
    *   Sense 1 emphasizes a "course of action intended to achieve a result". The context describes a political negotiation aimed at getting a treaty or deal. This is a procedure/series of steps taken by agents (delegates, nations).
    *   Sense 6 emphasizes "gradual changes through a series of states" (often natural/physical).
    *   In political contexts, "process" usually refers to the method/mechanism of negotiation (Sense 1), not just a phenomenon occurring (Sense 6). The "political process" is a standard collocation referring to the established methods of governance and negotiation (procedures).

4.  **Refine the choice:**
    *   The phrase "political process" refers to the procedural aspects of how agreements are made.
    *   The definition "a particular course of action intended to achieve a result" aligns perfectly with the goal of the talks (a treaty/deal).
    *   Synonyms for Sense 1 include "procedure". The negotiations follow a procedure.

5.  **Final decision:** Sense 1 is the best fit. It captures the intentional, action-oriented nature of the negotiations aimed at a result.

6.  **Formatting:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: action
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "action" in the context: "...demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."

Let me analyze the context:
- This is about climate change negotiations
- Small island nations are demanding "action" from emerging economies like China and India
- The action being demanded refers to concrete steps/measures to address climate change
- It's about governments/nations doing something (not just talking)

Now let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: - "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" - This is a general sense of action as doing something. Could fit since they want these economies to do something.

2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: - "the state of being active" - This doesn't fit well. They're not asking for a state of activity.

3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: - "a military engagement" - Doesn't fit, not military.

4. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: - "an act by a government body or supranational organization" - This seems relevant! The example mentions "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues". The context is about nations and governments taking action on climate change.

5. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: - "a process existing in or produced by nature" - Doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: - "the trait of being active and energetic and forceful" - Doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: - "the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism" - Doesn't fit.

8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: - "a judicial proceeding" - Doesn't fit.

9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: - "an act by a government body or supranational organization" - Wait, I see this is listed as 9 in my list above, but it corresponds to sense_key=action%1:04:04::. This matches well because the context is about governments/nations taking action.

10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: - "the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field" - Doesn't fit.

So the best match seems to be sense 9 (action%1:04:04::) - "an act by a government body or supranational organization"

The context is specifically about nations (China, India, emerging economies) and international organizations dealing with climate change. The small island nations are demanding action from these government bodies.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 ("something done as opposed to something said") is more general and could also fit. The context mentions "the scientific imperative to take bolder action" and "demanding action from emerging economies."

However, sense 9 is more specific to government/supranational action, which is exactly what this context is about - climate change action by nations.

Sense 9 with the example "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues" fits perfectly with the context of international climate negotiations.

So my answer is sense_index: 9


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as <t>China</t> and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "china", and the target surface form is "China" (capitalized).
2.  **Analyze the context:** The text discusses international climate negotiations. It mentions "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations", "major powers", "big emitters", "emerging economies such as China and India". The context clearly refers to a nation-state, a geopolitical entity, and an economy.
3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1 (`china%1:15:00::`): Definition: "a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world". Synonyms: People's Republic of China, mainland China, etc. This fits the context perfectly. China is mentioned alongside the US as a major power and emitter.
    *   Sense 2 (`china%1:06:00::`): Definition: "high quality porcelain originally made only in China". This refers to a material. The context is geopolitical, not material.
    *   Sense 3 (`china%1:15:01::`): Definition: "a government on the island of Taiwan...". Synonyms: Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China. The context mentions "China and United States" feuding and "emerging economies such as China". This refers to the People's Republic of China (mainland), not Taiwan (Republic of China). While "China" can be ambiguous in some diplomatic contexts, here it is paired with the US as a major emitter and an emerging economy, distinct from Taiwan.
    *   Sense 4 (`china%1:06:01::`): Definition: "dishware made of high quality porcelain". Again, refers to objects, not a country.

4.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1 is the correct geopolitical entity referenced in the text. It is the populous nation in eastern Asia often contrasted with the US in economic and political discussions.

5.  **Format the output:** The instructions require a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is the integer index of the chosen sense. Sense 1 is index 1.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the indexing.
    *   Candidate senses list:
        1. `china%1:15:00::` (Communist nation/PRC)
        2. `china%1:06:00::` (Porcelain material)
        3. `china%1:15:01::` (Taiwan/ROC)
        4. `china%1:06:01::` (Dishware)

    The context refers to the country "China" (PRC). This matches Sense 1.

    Result: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: urgency
Target surface form: urgency
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=urgency%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
2. sense_key=urgency%1:07:00:: | definition=pressing importance requiring speedy action | examples=the urgency of his need
3. sense_key=urgency%1:26:01:: | definition=an urgent situation calling for prompt action | examples=I'll be there, barring any urgencies; they departed hurriedly because of some great urgency in their affairs
4. sense_key=urgency%1:10:00:: | definition=insistent solicitation and entreaty | synonyms=importunity, urging | examples=his importunity left me no alternative but to agree

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   Sentence: "The talks took on new **urgency** as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."
    *   Surrounding context: The passage discusses climate change negotiations in Copenhagen. There is pressure, deadlines (heads of government arriving), and a need to resolve issues quickly. The "urgency" refers to the atmosphere or the quality of the situation—the need for speed and importance because time is running out.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `urgency%1:26:00::` | Definition: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity".
        *   This is a very general definition. It fits, but let's see if others are more specific.
    *   **Sense 2**: `urgency%1:07:00::` | Definition: "pressing importance requiring speedy action" | Example: "the urgency of his need".
        *   This emphasizes the *pressing importance* and the *need for speedy action*. In the text, the talks "took on new urgency" because delegates "must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive". There is a deadline and a need for speed. This fits the "pressing importance requiring speedy action" definition very well.
    *   **Sense 3**: `urgency%1:26:01::` | Definition: "an urgent situation calling for prompt action" | Examples: "I'll be there, barring any urgencies; they departed hurriedly because of some great urgency in their affairs".
        *   This sense usually refers to a specific event or concrete situation (countable noun usage often, though "an urgency" sounds awkward, the examples imply specific instances causing disruption). The context says the talks "took on new urgency". "Urgency" here is an abstract quality/attribute of the talks, not a specific event like "an urgency arose".
    *   **Sense 4**: `urgency%1:10:00::` | Definition: "insistent solicitation and entreaty" | Synonyms: importunity, urging.
        *   This refers to the act of begging or pleading. The context is about the atmosphere of the negotiations, not someone begging.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   Sense 1 ("state of being urgent") is hypernyms/general. Sense 2 ("pressing importance requiring speedy action") describes the specific nuance of the word in this context. The talks didn't just become "a state of urgency" in a static sense; they gained a quality of "pressing importance" due to the looming deadline of the heads of state arriving. The phrase "took on new urgency" is a classic collocation describing the atmosphere intensifying, requiring speed. Sense 2 captures the "pressing importance" and "speedy action" aspect which is exactly what the text describes (resolving issues *before* the heads arrive).
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy (indicated by the sense numbers/types).
        *   Sense 1 (1:26:00) -> `state`. (Very broad).
        *   Sense 2 (1:07:00) -> `importance`. (Semantic domain: importance).
    *   Context: "The talks took on new urgency... must resolve... before... arrive." This implies that the *importance* of the talks has increased and requires speed. This aligns perfectly with Sense 2 ("pressing importance requiring speedy action").
    *   Sense 1 is often used for things like "a sense of urgency". However, Sense 2 specifically links urgency to "importance". The delegates are focusing on the need to finish. The talks becoming more urgent means they have become more important/pressing.
    *   Let's check Sense 3 again. "An urgent situation". Can "The talks took on new urgency" mean "The talks became a new urgent situation"? Not quite. It means the quality of urgency increased. Sense 3 is usually countable (though the definition says "an urgent situation", the examples "barring any urgencies" show it acts as a count noun). In the text, urgency is an abstract mass noun here.
    *   Sense 2 fits the mass noun usage "took on new [abstract quality]". The definition "pressing importance" is an abstract quality.

    *   Decision between Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1 is the generic state.
        *   Sense 2 is specific to "importance" (attribute).
        *   In WordNet, 1:07 usually maps to `attribute` or `state` depending on the specific version, but specifically "pressing importance".
        *   The context highlights the *importance* and the *deadline*.
        *   Standard WSD practice often favors the specific attribute sense over the generic state sense when the context emphasizes the "importance/pressing" nature.
        *   Sentence: "The talks took on new urgency." This means the talks became critically important and time-sensitive. Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action". This is the exact definition of the phrase "took on urgency".

    *   Let's check the mapping.
        *   Sense 1: state.
        *   Sense 2: importance (attribute).
        *   If I say "The urgency of the situation," it is usually Sense 2.
        *   If I say "There was an urgency in his voice," it is Sense 1 (state) or 4 (solicitation).
        *   Here, the talks (the event) took on urgency. The event now has the attribute of pressing importance.

    *   Let's verify Sense 2 index.
        *   Candidate sense list order:
            1. urgency%1:26:00::
            2. urgency%1:07:00::
            3. urgency%1:26:01::
            4. urgency%1:10:00::
        *   I need to return the index.
        *   Sense 2 is index 2.

    *   Wait, let's double check if Sense 1 is actually the superordinate and preferred sense for general "state".
        *   WordNet 3.0/3.1 structure for "urgency":
            *   1. urgency (n) -- an urgent situation calling for prompt action. (This matches candidate sense 3's definition, but let's look at the provided list order).
            *   The provided list has Sense 1 as "the state of being urgent...".
            *   The provided list has Sense 2 as "pressing importance...".
            *   Let's trust the provided list definitions over external memory of WordNet ID numbers.
        *   Provided Sense 1: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity".
        *   Provided Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action".

    *   Context: "The talks took on new urgency."
    *   Meaning: The talks gained a quality of pressing importance.
    *   Sense 1 defines it as a "state".
    *   Sense 2 defines it as "pressing importance".
    *   Sense 2 is semantically richer and fits the "new urgency" construction (which implies an increase in the attribute of importance). "Pressing importance" is the core meaning of the word in this context. The heads of government arriving creates a deadline (speedy action).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   Let's check Sense 3 again. "An urgent situation". "The talks took on new [urgent situation]"? No, that's ungrammatical. It should be "The talks became a new urgent situation". "Urgency" here is a quality/mass noun. Sense 3 examples ("barring any urgencies") treat it as a count noun. Sense 2 treats it as a mass noun/attribute. Sense 1 also treats it as a state/mass noun.
    *   Between 1 and 2: Sense 2 is more descriptive of the context (pressing importance + speedy action). The definition "pressing importance requiring speedy action" maps perfectly to "must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive".

    *   Let's double check Sense 1. "The state of being urgent". This is the hypernym. Often, specific senses are preferred if they fit. Sense 2 is the specific attribute of importance.
    *   Therefore, I choose Sense 2.

    *   Index calculation:
        1. urgency%1:26:00::
        2. urgency%1:07:00:: <--- This one.
        3. urgency%1:26:01::
        4. urgency%1:10:00::

    *   Result: index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "fact" in the sentence: "The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."

Let me analyze the context:
- The delegates are focusing on a fact
- The fact is "that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal"
- This is a piece of information about circumstances (the urgency and necessity of resolving issues)

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
   - This refers to information about existing circumstances or events that have occurred
   - The fact here is about a current circumstance/situation that they must resolve issues

2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
   - This is about a statement or assertion of verified information
   - The fact in question is a proposition/claim that needs to be addressed

3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
   - This is about an actual event that happened or something that existed
   - This seems more about distinguishing reality from fiction

4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts
   - This is about provable truths
   - Not quite fitting here

The key here is understanding what "the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues" means. The word "fact" here is used in the expression "the fact that..." which introduces a clause describing a situation or state of affairs.

The fact is that "they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal" - this is a piece of information about circumstances that exist (the current situation of the negotiations).

Sense 1 seems most appropriate: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred." The delegates are focusing on the information/circumstance that they have a deadline and issues to resolve.

Sense 2 is about "a statement or assertion of verified information" - this could also work, but it's more about facts as supporting evidence or assertions made.

I think sense 1 is the best fit. The "fact" here refers to the information about the current circumstances of the negotiations - that there are outstanding issues that must be resolved.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: issue
    *   Target surface form: issues
    *   Context: The text discusses climate change negotiations (Copenhagen talks). Delegates are trying to resolve problems/disputes before heads of government arrive. The specific phrase is "...they must resolve most of the outstanding issues...".
    *   Meaning in context: Here, "issues" refers to topics of disagreement, problems that need solutions, or points of discussion that need to be settled in the negotiation process. They are "outstanding" (meaning unresolved).

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `issue%1:09:01::` | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues.
        *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. The text is about negotiations where parties are fighting over costs and treaties. The "outstanding issues" are points of dispute that must be settled (resolved) to reach a deal. The example "politicians never discuss the real issues" aligns with the political negotiation context here.

    *   **Sense 2:** `issue%1:10:00::` | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number.
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. No magazines or serial publications are mentioned.

    *   **Sense 3:** `issue%1:09:00::` | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter.
        *   *Analysis:* This is close (matters to be discussed), but Sense 1 is more precise. Sense 1 specifies "in dispute and must be settled." The context explicitly mentions "resolve most of the outstanding issues" and "fighting over who should bear the costs." This implies dispute and the need for settlement, which distinguishes Sense 1 from the broader Sense 3 (topic/subject). "Topic" doesn't capture the friction or the need for resolution inherent in a negotiation stalemate. "Outstanding issues" usually refers to unresolved problems/disputes.

    *   **Sense 4:** `issue%1:04:01::` | definition=the act of providing an item for general use...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. This refers to issuance (like stamps).

    *   **Sense 5:** `issue%1:21:01::` | definition=supplies issued by the government...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Refers to military supplies.

    *   **Sense 6:** `issue%1:21:00::` | definition=the income or profit...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Financial definition.

    *   **Sense 7:** `issue%1:19:00::` | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Refers to results/effects.

    *   **Sense 8:** `issue%1:18:00::` | definition=the immediate descendants of a person...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Refers to children/offspring.

    *   **Sense 9:** `issue%1:11:00::` | definition=the becoming visible...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Refers to emergence.

    *   **Sense 10:** `issue%1:06:00::` | definition=an opening that permits escape...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Physical outlet.

    *   **Sense 11:** `issue%1:04:00::` | definition=the act of issuing printed materials...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Refers to publication.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 3 is the generic "topic/matter" sense.
    *   Sense 1 is "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled."
    *   The context is a negotiation ("fighting over," "resolve," "strike a deal").
    *   "Outstanding issues" in a negotiation context specifically refers to points of contention that have not yet been agreed upon.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the specific, correct choice. The collocate "resolve" strongly supports the "must be settled" aspect of Sense 1.

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about climate change negotiations, where countries are trying to reach an agreement. The sentence says "they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. deal%1:04:02:: - buying or selling - not quite right
2. deal%1:10:00:: - an agreement between parties fixing obligations - this fits the context of international negotiations
3. deal%1:23:00:: - a large number or amount - not right
4. deal%1:27:00:: - a plank of softwood - not right
5. deal%1:27:01:: - wood that is easy to saw - not right
6. deal%1:14:00:: - cards held in a card game - not right
7. deal%1:11:00:: - type of treatment received - not right
8. deal%1:04:00:: - act of distributing playing cards - not right
9. deal%1:04:01:: - act of apportioning or distributing something - not right

Sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::) is clearly the best fit - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" with synonyms like "bargain". This matches the context of international climate negotiations where parties are trying to reach an agreement.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level <t>officials</t> such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "officials" in the given context.

The context is about climate change negotiations in Copenhagen. The sentence mentions "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences..."

The officials being referred to are:
- Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh
- Chinese vice minister

These are government officials who hold positions of authority in their respective countries. They are not sports officials or referees.

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Sense 1 clearly applies here - these are government workers who hold offices (minister, vice minister positions). They are functionaries in their respective governments.

Sense 2 refers to sports officials like referees or umpires, which is not applicable here. While the context mentions "a game" metaphorically ("This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed"), it's using game as a metaphor for geopolitical/economic negotiations, not referring to an actual sport.

The correct sense is sense 1.