[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: law
Target surface form: law
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the <t>law</t> fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=law%1:14:00:: | definition=the collection of rules imposed by authority | synonyms=jurisprudence | examples=civilization presupposes respect for the law; the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order
2. sense_key=law%1:10:00:: | definition=legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity | examples=there is a law against kidnapping
3. sense_key=law%1:09:00:: | definition=a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society | synonyms=natural law
4. sense_key=law%1:09:01:: | definition=a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature | synonyms=law of nature | examples=the laws of thermodynamics
5. sense_key=law%1:09:02:: | definition=the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do | synonyms=jurisprudence, legal philosophy
6. sense_key=law%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system | synonyms=practice of law | examples=he studied law at Yale
7. sense_key=law%1:14:01:: | definition=the force of policemen and officers | synonyms=police, police force, constabulary | examples=the law came looking for him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 7. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `law`
    *   Target surface form: `law`
    *   Context: A paragraph discussing sports strategy, specifically players getting sanctioned (cards) strategically. The key phrase is "law fraud" (or "legal fraud" mentioned earlier, but the target word is in "law fraud").
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense from the provided list (1-7).
    *   Constraint: Return only JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the **law** fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness."
    *   Earlier sentence: "The players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it."
    *   The phrase "law fraud" (or "legal fraud") refers to fraud against the law or abuse of law. In legal theory (often translated from Civil Law concepts like *fraude a la ley*), this refers to an act that adheres to the letter of the law but violates the spirit of the law to achieve a prohibited result.
    *   The text contrasts "wittiness" (strategic cleverness within the rules) with "law fraud" (trying to bypass the intent of the rules).
    *   The word "law" here refers to the system of rules/regulations imposed by an authority (the sporting body). The players are exploiting the *rules*.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `law%1:14:00::` | definition=the collection of rules imposed by authority | synonyms=jurisprudence | examples=civilization presupposes respect for the law...
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to the body of rules imposed by authority. The context talks about rules, sanctions, and "sporting spirit" which is part of the "strategic decisions... allowed by the rules." The phrase "law fraud" (fraud against the law) implies the "law" is the body of rules that is being technically followed but spiritually violated. This fits the general concept of the "law" of the game or the regulations.

    *   **Sense 2:** `law%1:10:00::` | definition=legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity | examples=there is a law against kidnapping
        *   Analysis: This usually refers to a specific statute or act. While sports regulations are documents, "law fraud" usually refers to the concept of law (the system/body of rules) rather than a specific document. Sense 1 feels broader and more appropriate for the abstract concept being discussed.

    *   **Sense 3:** `law%1:09:00::` | definition=a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature... | synonyms=natural law
        *   Analysis: This refers to natural law/moral law. The context is sports regulations, not inherent human nature or divine law.

    *   **Sense 4:** `law%1:09:01::` | definition=a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature | synonyms=law of nature | examples=the laws of thermodynamics
        *   Analysis: Scientific law. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 5:** `law%1:09:02::` | definition=the branch of philosophy concerned with the law... | synonyms=jurisprudence, legal philosophy
        *   Analysis: This refers to the field of study. "Philosophy fraud" doesn't make sense.

    *   **Sense 6:** `law%1:04:00::` | definition=the learned profession... | synonyms=practice of law | examples=he studied law at Yale
        *   Analysis: Refers to the job of being a lawyer. Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 7:** `law%1:14:01::` | definition=the force of policemen and officers | synonyms=police, police force... | examples=the law came looking for him
        *   Analysis: Refers to law enforcement agents. Irrelevant.

4.  **Re-evaluating the Phrase "law fraud" vs "legal fraud":**
    *   The text actually uses "legal fraud" first: "...clear case of legal fraud".
    *   Then it uses "law fraud": "...border between the wittiness and the law fraud...".
    *   Note: The phrase is likely a translation artifact (e.g., from Spanish "fraude a la ley").
    *   In "law fraud", "law" acts as a noun adjunct or modifier, but what is the sense of "law" itself? It refers to the *body of rules* against which the fraud is committed.
    *   Does Sense 1 fit? "The collection of rules imposed by authority". Yes. The authority (UEFA/sports federation) imposes rules. The fraud is against this collection of rules.
    *   Does Sense 2 fit? "Legal document". One could argue the "law" is the document. But "fraud against the document" is less idiomatic than "fraud against the body of rules". Sense 1 captures the abstract system of rules better.
    *   Comparison: "Civilization presupposes respect for the law" (Sense 1). Here, "law fraud" is the opposite: disrespect or circumvention of the law (body of rules).

5.  **Decision:**
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit. It defines "law" as the collection of rules imposed by authority. The context is entirely about players navigating the rules/sanctions imposed by the sporting authority. The concept of "fraud against the law" relies on the definition of law as the binding system of rules.

    *   *Self-Correction/Refinement:* Is "law" here referring to the *concept* of law (Sense 1) or a specific rule (Sense 2)? The definition of Sense 2 ("legal document") is very specific. Sense 1 is "the collection of rules". The text discusses "rules" plural (sanctions, cards, cycles). Therefore, the collective sense (Sense 1) is better than the specific document sense (Sense 2).

    *   Final check: The text talks about "sporting spirit", "strategic decisions", "rules". The "law" here represents the authority's regulatory framework. Sense 1: "collection of rules imposed by authority". This matches perfectly.

    *   Why not Sense 3 (Natural law)? No, this is positive law (rules made by people/organizations), not natural law.

    *   Result: Sense 1.

6.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON format required: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Friendli


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fraud
Target surface form: fraud
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law <t>fraud</t> is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fraud%1:04:00:: | definition=intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
2. sense_key=fraud%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes deceitful pretenses | synonyms=imposter, impostor, pretender, fake, faker, sham
3. sense_key=fraud%1:04:01:: | definition=something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage | synonyms=fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context here is discussing sports strategy where players deliberately get cards/sanctions in a way that's strategically advantageous but technically within the rules. The text discusses whether this constitutes "legal fraud" - specifically distinguishing between clever strategy ("wittiness") and law fraud.

The phrase is "legal fraud" - referring to an abstract concept of trying to evade or manipulate the application of rules/punishments. The text says the players "did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud)" - meaning if they had tried to avoid the punishment entirely through trickery, that would be fraud.

Let me look at the senses:

1. "intentional deception resulting in injury to another person" - This is about deception causing harm
2. "a person who makes deceitful pretenses" - This refers to a person (imposter, fake) - doesn't fit
3. "something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage" - This refers to an action/scheme

The context is discussing whether a strategic action is fraudulent/illegal or just clever within the rules. The target word appears in "the border between the wittiness and the law fraud" - comparing cleverness/wittiness to legal fraud.

This seems to be about the concept of fraud as a deceptive action/scheme, not about a person. Sense 2 is clearly wrong as it refers to a person (imposter).

Between senses 1 and 3:
- Sense 1 emphasizes "injury to another person"
- Sense 3 emphasizes "deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage"

The context is about players gaining a strategic advantage through actions that might be seen as against "sporting spirit" but are technically allowed by rules. The discussion is about whether this constitutes fraud or just clever strategy ("wittiness"). The key issue is whether they were trying to gain an unfair advantage through trickery vs. just making strategic decisions.

Sense 3 seems to fit better because:
- The context discusses gaining advantage ("taking advantages allowed by the rules")
- It's about the action/scheme itself, not necessarily about injury to others
- The synonyms like "fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug" fit the abstract concept being discussed

Actually, looking more carefully, the context says "this would have been a clear case of legal fraud" if they had tried to avoid the application of the sanction. The term "legal fraud" (fraud of law) is a legal concept about manipulating rules to achieve something improper while technically following the rules. This is indeed about deliberate trickery/scheme to gain advantage.

Sense 3 fits best: "something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage"

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Together

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occasion
Target surface form: occasion
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this <t>occasion</t> I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occasion%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs at a critical time | synonyms=juncture | examples=at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions
2. sense_key=occasion%1:11:01:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, social occasion, function, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
3. sense_key=occasion%1:16:00:: | definition=reason | examples=there was no occasion for complaint
4. sense_key=occasion%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of a particular event | examples=on the occasion of his 60th birthday
5. sense_key=occasion%1:26:00:: | definition=an opportunity to do something | examples=there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "occasion" in the context: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this <t>occasion</t> I believe it was a clear case of wittiness."

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is discussing a strategic decision made by players in a sports context
- The author is making a judgment about whether the players' actions were "wittiness" (cleverness) or "law fraud"
- "in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness" - the author is referring to this specific instance/situation

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=occasion%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs at a critical time | synonyms=juncture | examples=at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions
   - This refers to a critical moment or juncture

2. sense_key=occasion%1:11:01:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, social occasion, function, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
   - This is about social events, which doesn't fit here

3. sense_key=occasion%1:16:00:: | definition=reason | examples=there was no occasion for complaint
   - This is about having reason/cause for something, not what we have here

4. sense_key=occasion%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of a particular event | examples=on the occasion of his 60th birthday
   - This refers to the time when something happened, like "on the occasion of..."

5. sense_key=occasion%1:26:00:: | definition=an opportunity to do something | examples=there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill
   - This is about opportunity

In this context, "in this occasion" refers to this specific instance/situation/time when evaluating whether the action was wittiness or fraud. The phrase "in this occasion" is similar to "on this occasion" - referring to the time/instance of this particular event or situation.

Sense 4 (the time of a particular event) seems closest. The author is saying "in this particular instance/situation" when making their judgment. The phrase "on the occasion of" or "in this occasion" refers to the time of a particular event.

Sense 1 (an event that occurs at a critical time) could also be considered, as this might be seen as a critical juncture. However, the examples for sense 1 seem more about critical moments or special occasions, whereas sense 4 is specifically about "the time of a particular event."

Looking more carefully:
- "in this occasion" is being used to refer to this specific instance/situation
- The author is making a judgment about this particular situation
- This is about the time/instance of this event/case

I think sense 4 (occasion%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of a particular event) is the best fit. The phrase "in this occasion" refers to this particular time/instance when evaluating the situation.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 as well. The definition is "an event that occurs at a critical time" with synonym "juncture." The example "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave" suggests it's about critical moments.

However, in this context, "in this occasion" is more about "in this instance/situation" - referring to the time of this particular event/case being discussed. Sense 4 seems more appropriate because:
- It refers to "the time of a particular event"
- The example "on the occasion of his 60th birthday" shows usage similar to "in this occasion"

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "case" is being used.

The sentence in question is: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness."

In this context, "case" is referring to a specific instance or example of something (in this case, of "wittiness"). The author is saying that this situation can be characterized as an instance of wittiness rather than law fraud.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled

These two seem most relevant. Let's consider the others briefly:

3. Legal proceeding - not relevant here
4. The actual state of things - not relevant here
5. A container - not relevant here
6. A person requiring professional services - not relevant here
7. Subject of investigation - not relevant here
8. Problem requiring investigation - not relevant here
9. Statement of facts for an argument - not relevant here
10. Quantity in a case - not relevant here
11. Grammatical case - not relevant here
12. Temporary state of mind - not relevant here
13. Person of specified kind - not relevant here
14. Font type - not relevant here
15. Animal/plant covering - not relevant here
16. Housing or outer covering - not relevant here
17. Frame around door/window - not relevant here
18. Printing case - not relevant here
19. Pillowcase - not relevant here
20. Display case - not relevant here

Between senses 1 and 2, I need to determine which better fits the usage.

Sense 1 is defined as "an occurrence of something" with synonyms "instance, example" and examples like "it was a case of bad judgment."

Sense 2 is defined as "a special set of circumstances" with synonym "event" and examples like "in that event, the first possibility is excluded."

In the context "it was a clear case of wittiness," the author is saying this is an instance or example of wittiness. This aligns more closely with sense 1, where "case" means an occurrence or instance of something. The structure "a case of [something]" in the example "it was a case of bad judgment" is similar to the usage in the text "it was a clear case of wittiness."

Sense 2 refers more to a set of circumstances or an event, which is slightly different from an instance or example of a quality or characteristic (wittiness).

Therefore, sense 1 is the most appropriate for this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: factor
Target surface form: factors
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two <t>factors</t>: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The target lemma is "factor" and the surface form is "factors". The context is a discussion about sports strategy, rules, sanctions, and controversy.

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The text discusses players making strategic decisions to accept punishments (expulsions) for strategic advantage.
    *   The sentence containing the target is: "The controversy seems to arise from two <t>factors</t>: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
    *   The "factors" are the causes or elements contributing to the controversy.
    *   Specifically, the text lists these factors: 1) it being about two auto expulsions, and 2) the way the directive was transmitted.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   *Sense 1: factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome.*
        *   Fit: This fits perfectly. The controversy "arises from" these factors. They are causes contributing to a result (the controversy). The example "a number of factors determined the outcome" is structurally very similar to "The controversy seems to arise from two factors".

    *   *Sense 2: factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character...*
        *   Fit: This is about being a constituent part. While "factors" can be abstract parts of a situation, Sense 1 emphasizes the *causal* relationship ("arise from", "contribute to a result"). The context explicitly links the factors to the *cause* of the controversy. Sense 1 captures the causal aspect better than Sense 2, which focuses more on composition (parts making up a whole).

    *   *Sense 3: factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer...*
        *   Fit: Mathematical context. Not applicable.

    *   *Sense 4: factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another...*
        *   Fit: Business/Commercial agent. Not applicable.

    *   *Sense 5: factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together.*
        *   Fit: Mathematical context. Not applicable.

    *   *Sense 6: factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics.*
        *   Fit: Statistical context. Not applicable.

    *   *Sense 7: factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA...*
        *   Fit: Biological context. Not applicable.

4.  **Distinguish Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   Sense 1 definition: "anything that contributes causally to a result".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "an abstract part of something".
    *   Context phrase: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors..."
    *   "Arise from" implies causality. The factors are the *causes* of the controversy.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "a number of factors determined the outcome".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "jealousy was a component of his character". Here, jealousy is an element of the character, not necessarily the *cause* of the character (though it might cause actions).
    *   In the target text, the two elements (auto expulsions and transmission of directive) are reasons *why* the controversy exists. Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit because it highlights the causal contribution to the result (the controversy).

5.  **Final Decision**: Sense 1 is the correct choice. It maps to the "cause/contributing element" meaning most appropriate for non-mathematical, non-genetic, non-commercial contexts involving events and outcomes.

6.  **Format Output**: JSON object {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expulsion
Target surface form: expulsions
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto <t>expulsions</t> and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of forcing out someone or something | synonyms=ejection, exclusion, riddance | examples=the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school
2. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:02:: | definition=squeezing out by applying pressure | synonyms=extrusion | examples=an unexpected extrusion of toothpaste from the bottom of the tube; the expulsion of pus from the pimple
3. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting | synonyms=projection, ejection, forcing out

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: expulsion
    *   Target surface form: expulsions
    *   Context: The text discusses "sporting spirit", "strategic decisions", "sanction", "punishment", "auto expulsions", and "principles of the sport".
    *   Key phrase: "two auto expulsions". This implies players getting sent off or removed from the game deliberately (or strategically) to serve a suspension at a convenient time.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `expulsion%1:04:01::`
        *   Definition: "the act of forcing out someone or something"
        *   Synonyms: ejection, exclusion, riddance
        *   Examples: "the ejection of troublemakers by the police", "the child's expulsion from school"
        *   Fit: This sense refers to removing someone from a place or institution. In a sports context, being sent off is often called an expulsion or ejection.

    *   **Sense 2**: `expulsion%2:35:00::` (Note: The prompt lists it as `1:04:02`, but let's look at the definition provided).
        *   Definition: "squeezing out by applying pressure"
        *   Synonyms: extrusion
        *   Examples: "toothpaste", "pus"
        *   Fit: This is physical/medical/mechanical. Definitely not fitting the sports context.

    *   **Sense 3**: `expulsion%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting"
        *   Synonyms: projection, ejection, forcing out
        *   Fit: This is a hypernym or a more general physical sense of throwing something out or projecting it. While "ejection" is a synonym, the examples usually associated with this sense (based on general WordNet knowledge, though not listed here specifically other than the synonyms) often involve physical projection. However, looking at the structure, Sense 1 usually captures the institutional/social removal (school, organization, game), whereas Sense 3 is often the physical act of ejecting or projecting matter.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3**:
    *   Sense 1 has examples of "troublemakers" and "child's expulsion from school". This aligns with the sports context where a player is removed from the game (sent off). The text mentions "sanction" and "punishment". The players orchestrated "auto expulsions" (getting themselves sent off/red carded).
    *   Sense 3 is defined as "the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting". The synonym "projection" suggests physical movement (like a projectile). Sense 1 specifically mentions "forcing out someone". The context is about *people* (players) being removed.
    *   WordNet hierarchies often distinguish between the social act of excluding someone (Sense 1) and the physical act of ejecting something (Sense 3).
    *   In sports, a "red card" results in an "expulsion" or "sending off". This fits the "forcing out someone" definition of Sense 1.

4.  **Determine the best match**:
    *   The context is about players being removed from a game (a sport sanction).
    *   Sense 1: "forcing out someone". Examples: troublemakers, school expulsion. This matches the "sanction" and "punishment" aspect of the text.
    *   Sense 2: Physical squeezing (toothpaste). Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3: Projecting/ejecting. While "ejection" is a synonym, "projection" suggests physics/ballistics. The specific "forcing out someone" (Sense 1) is the standard WordNet sense for institutional/social removal (including sports).

5.  **Final Selection**: Sense 1 is the correct sense. It refers to the removal of a person (player) from a group or activity (the match) as a sanction.

    *   Wait, I need to check the indices provided in the prompt.
    *   Candidate 1: `expulsion%1:04:01::` (forcing out someone/something)
    *   Candidate 2: `expulsion%1:04:02::` (squeezing out)
    *   Candidate 3: `expulsion%1:04:00::` (expelling/projecting/ejecting)

    *   Standard WordNet 3.0/3.1 mappings:
        *   Expulsion usually has senses:
            *   1: the act of forcing out someone or something (ejection, exclusion, riddance). (This corresponds to Sense 1 in the prompt).
            *   2: squeezing out by applying pressure. (This corresponds to Sense 2 in the prompt).

    *   What is Sense 3 in the prompt? `expulsion%1:04:00::`. Usually, `00` senses are "generic" or hypernyms, or sometimes physical ejection.
    *   Let's look closely at the Sense 1 vs Sense 3 distinction in the prompt.
    *   Sense 1: "forcing out someone or something". Synonyms: ejection, exclusion, riddance. Example: troublemakers.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting". Synonyms: projection, ejection, forcing out.
    *   The text discusses "auto expulsions" in a sports context. This is a formal removal from the field of play. It is an exclusion/sanction.
    *   Sense 1's examples ("troublemakers", "school") are clearly about social/institutional removal.
    *   Sense 3's synonyms include "projection". Projection usually refers to physics (throwing a stone, voice projection).
    *   Therefore, the sports sanction (removal of a player) fits Sense 1 best because it involves "exclusion" and "riddance" of a person from a context, similar to the school example.

6.  **Conclusion**: Sense 1 is the best fit. It describes the removal of a person from a situation (the game) as a formal action, fitting the context of sanctions and sporting rules.

    *   Index mapping:
        *   1 -> Sense 1
        *   2 -> Sense 2
        *   3 -> Sense 3

    The correct index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: way
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the <t>way</t> the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a controversy arising from "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."

Looking at the sentence: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."

The word "way" here refers to "how something is done or how it happens" - specifically, the manner/mode in which the transmission of the directive was carried out.

Let me check the senses:

1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking

This fits perfectly - "the way the transmission was carried out" means "the manner/mode in which the transmission was carried out."

2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction

This is more about means to achieve an end, not quite fitting.

3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home

This is about direction, not relevant here.

4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way

This is about general conditions/state of things, not fitting.

5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways

This is about moral/ethical paths, not relevant.

6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out

This is about physical paths/roads, not relevant.

7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way

This is about journeys, not relevant.

8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for

This is about physical space, not relevant.

9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways

This is about distance, not relevant.

10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way

Not relevant.

11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing

Not relevant.

12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Not relevant.

The answer is clearly sense 1 - "how something is done or how it happens" with synonyms like "manner, mode, style, fashion." The phrase "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out" is asking about the manner/method of doingsomething.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: transmission
Target surface form: transmission
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the <t>transmission</t> of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=transmission%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted | synonyms=transmittal, transmitting
2. sense_key=transmission%1:10:00:: | definition=communication by means of transmitted signals
3. sense_key=transmission%1:23:00:: | definition=the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance | synonyms=transmittance
4. sense_key=transmission%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted | synonyms=infection, contagion
5. sense_key=transmission%1:06:01:: | definition=the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle | synonyms=transmission system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma and surface form is "transmission".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses a sporting event, strategy, and rule-breaking (or bending).
    *   It mentions "players," "sporting spirit," "sanction," "auto expulsions" (likely referring to red cards in soccer or a similar sport).
    *   The specific sentence: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
    *   "transmission of the directive": This phrase is key. A "directive" is an instruction or order. The "transmission" refers to the act of communicating or sending this instruction to the players.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1 (`transmission%1:04:01::`): "the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted". Synonyms: transmittal, transmitting. -> This fits well. A directive is a message.
    *   Sense 2 (`transmission%1:10:00::`): "communication by means of transmitted signals". -> This is often used for electronic communication (radio transmission, TV transmission). While technically correct that a directive was communicated, Sense 1 is more specific to the *act* of sending a message rather than the *system* or *medium* of communication.
    *   Sense 3 (`transmission%1:23:00::`): "the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance". -> Physics context. Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4 (`transmission%1:11:00::`): "an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted". -> Medical context. Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 5 (`transmission%1:06:01::`): "the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine...". -> Mechanical/Automotive context. Irrelevant.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "the act of sending a message".
    *   Sense 2 focuses on "communication by means of transmitted signals".
    *   Context: "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out". The "directive" is a message/instruction. The context is about how the instruction was conveyed or sent (likely from a coach or official to players).
    *   WordNet hierarchy:
        *   Sense 1 belongs to the hierarchy under "act" (sending a message).
        *   Sense 2 belongs to the hierarchy under "communication" (often implies the *process* or the *signal* itself, e.g., a radio broadcast).
    *   In common usage regarding a "directive," we are talking about the act of passing on information. "The transmission of the directive" = "The passing on/sending of the order".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "the act of sending a message". This aligns perfectly with "transmission of the directive". It is the specific act of conveying the message.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "communication by means of transmitted signals". While a directive involves communication, Sense 1 is the specific act of sending. If the text said "the radio transmission," Sense 2 would be better. Since it is "transmission of the directive," it refers to the act of conveying the message.

5.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1. It captures the act of sending/conveying the message (directive).

6.  **Format the output:** The user wants a JSON object with the index.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

    *   Wait, let me double-check indexing.
    *   The list provided is:
        1. sense_key=transmission%1:04:01::
        2. sense_key=transmission%1:10:00::
        3. sense_key=transmission%1:23:00::
        4. sense_key=transmission%1:11:00::
        5. sense_key=transmission%1:06:01::
    *   The best sense is the first one listed.

    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damage
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms | examples=the price of gasoline; he got his new car on excellent terms
5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "damage"
    *   Context sentence: "The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses sports strategy, rule-breaking (or rule-bending), legal fraud vs. wittiness, and the consequences (sanctions/punishment) of actions (auto expulsions) during a game. It specifically refers to the negative impact on the "principles of the sport."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `damage%1:11:00::` | definition="the occurrence of a change for the worse" | synonyms=harm, impairment. (Abstract/General negative impact).
    *   Sense 2: `damage%1:11:01::` | definition="loss of military equipment" | synonyms=equipment casualty. (Specific military context).
    *   Sense 3: `damage%1:04:00::` | definition="the act of damaging something or someone" | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe. (Focus on the act/action).
    *   Sense 4: `damage%1:21:00::` | definition="the amount of money needed to purchase something" | synonyms=price, terms. (Cost/Price - archaic or specific usage, usually plural "damages" in legal contexts, but here singular "damage" means price? Unlikely).
    *   Sense 5: `damage%1:04:01::` | definition="any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right" | synonyms=wrong, legal injury. (Legal context).

3.  **Evaluate the fit:**
    *   *Context Clues:* "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport..."
    *   *Sense 2 (Military):* Completely irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 4 (Price):* Irrelevant. "The price brought about to the principles" doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 5 (Legal Injury):* The text mentions "legal fraud" and "legal right" implications, but the specific phrase "damage brought about to the principles of the sport" refers to the abstract harm or negative effect on the sport's image/spirit. While "legal injury" is a specific sense of 'damage', here the "principles of the sport" are the recipient of the damage, not a legal entity in a lawsuit sense (though the text discusses law). It's about the deterioration of the sport's spirit.
    *   *Sense 3 (The Act):* "The act of damaging brought about..."? The sentence says "The damage... is not as much ethical as aesthetic." It refers to the *result* or the *extent* of the negative change, not just the act itself. However, WordNet sense divisions can be tricky. Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3. Sense 3 is defined as the *act* (action). Sense 1 is defined as the *occurrence* of a change for the worse (result/phenomenon).
    *   *Sense 1 vs Sense 3:*
        *   Sentence: "The damage brought about to the principles..."
        *   If it were the act (Sense 3), it would focus on the doing. "The damaging of the principles..."
        *   If it is the result/effect (Sense 1), it focuses on the impairment/harm done. "The [harm/impairment] brought about to the principles..."
    *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 1: "the occurrence of a change for the worse". Synonyms: harm, impairment.
    *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 3: "the act of damaging something or someone". Synonyms: harm, hurt, scathe.
    *   The sentence says "The damage... is not as much ethical as aesthetic." This evaluates the *nature* of the harm/result. "The harm brought about to the principles..."
    *   Usually, when we say "the damage to X", we are referring to the negative result or the state of impairment (Sense 1). For example, "The damage to the car was extensive" refers to the result/extent of the change for the worse, not the act of crashing.
    *   "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport" refers to the harm/impairment affecting those principles.
    *   Sense 5 (Legal Injury) is a specific legal term ("damages" usually refers to money, but "damage" in law can mean loss). However, the context here distinguishes between "legal fraud" and "sporting spirit". The "damage" is to the "principles", which is abstract. This aligns better with Sense 1 ("change for the worse", "impairment").

4.  **Refining the decision:**
    *   Is it the "act"? No, the sentence structure "The damage... is not as much ethical as aesthetic" quantifies or qualifies the *result*. It is an abstract negative impact.
    *   Is it "legal injury" (Sense 5)? The text discusses legal concepts, but the damage is done to "principles of the sport". Principles aren't a legal entity with a legal right in the strict sense of legal damages (tort law). The phrase "damage to the principles" is metaphorical/abstract, fitting "impairment" or "harm" (Sense 1) better than "legal injury".

    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "the occurrence of a change for the worse".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "the act of damaging".
    *   If I say "The damage to the wall was significant," I am using Sense 1 (the result/extent of the change for the worse).
    *   If I say "The damage of the wall took a long time," (implying the act), it's awkward but possible.
    *   Here: "The damage brought about..." (result). "The [harm] brought about..."
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the strongest fit.

    *   Wait, let's check the synonyms for Sense 1: harm, impairment.
    *   Let's check synonyms for Sense 3: harm, hurt, scathe.
    *   Both use "harm".
    *   The distinction often lies in whether it is the *event/occurrence* (Sense 1) or the *action* (Sense 3).
    *   "The damage... is not as much ethical as aesthetic." We are evaluating the damage itself (the state of harm).
    *   Sense 1 seems to capture the "loss of value" or "change for the worse" aspect better than Sense 3's focus on the *act*.

    *   Let's check Sense 5 again. "Any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right". The text discusses "violation of a legal right" (legal fraud) vs "wittiness". But the "damage" is to "principles of the sport". While the context is legalistic, the object of the damage is the "spirit/principles". This feels like general harm (Sense 1) rather than a specific legal injury claim (Sense 5).

    *   Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit. It refers to the harm/impairment caused to the principles (the change for the worse).

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "The damage brought about to the principles..."
    *   Sense 1: "the occurrence of a change for the worse". "The change for the worse brought about to the principles..." - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of damaging". "The act of damaging brought about to the principles... is not as much ethical as aesthetic." - Doesn't fit the evaluation (aesthetic/ethical) as well as the result does.
    *   Sense 5: "injury resulting from violation of legal right". The principles of the sport are not a legal right in the strict sense.

    Result: Sense 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: principle
Target surface form: principles
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the <t>principles</t> of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=principle%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=rule | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
2. sense_key=principle%1:09:01:: | definition=a rule or standard especially of good behavior | examples=a man of principle; he will not violate his principles
3. sense_key=principle%1:09:00:: | definition=a basic truth or law or assumption | examples=the principles of democracy
4. sense_key=principle%1:09:04:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=rule | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
5. sense_key=principle%1:10:00:: | definition=rule of personal conduct | synonyms=precept
6. sense_key=principle%1:09:02:: | definition=(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature) | synonyms=rationale | examples=the rationale for capital punishment; the principles of internal-combustion engines

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
    *   Context clues: "principles of the sport", "sporting spirit", "strategic decisions", "rules", "wittiness", "law fraud".
    *   The sentence discusses the "principles of the sport" being damaged. The damage is described as more "aesthetic" than "ethical". This implies the principles refer to the fundamental nature, the spirit, or the essential truths that define how the sport operates or should look/behave, rather than just a specific written regulation (though "rules" are mentioned earlier, here it's about "principles").
    *   The phrase "principles of the sport" suggests the foundational concepts or the essence of the game.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `principle%1:09:03::` | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=rule | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a generalization or basis for reasoning. The example "principles of composition" is somewhat abstract, similar to "principles of the sport". It fits the idea of the "sporting spirit" or the underlying logic of the game.

    *   **Sense 2:** `principle%1:09:01::` | definition=a rule or standard especially of good behavior | examples=a man of principle; he will not violate his principles.
        *   *Analysis:* This is usually about moral/ethical principles ("man of principle"). The text explicitly contrasts ethical vs aesthetic damage, but "principles of the sport" usually refers to the rules or essence of the game, not necessarily the moral character of a person. It's less likely to be "standards of good behavior" in the moral sense, though sportsmanship is involved. However, "principles of the sport" is a specific construction.

    *   **Sense 3:** `principle%1:09:00::` | definition=a basic truth or law or assumption | examples=the principles of democracy.
        *   *Analysis:* "Basic truth or law or assumption". "Principles of democracy" matches the collocation pattern "principles of [system/institution]". "Principles of the sport" fits this pattern well. It refers to the fundamental laws or truths governing the sport.

    *   **Sense 4:** `principle%1:09:04::` | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=rule | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion.
        *   *Analysis:* This is scientific or mechanical (natural phenomenon, complex system). A sport isn't a natural phenomenon, though it is a system. However, this sense is usually reserved for physics/engineering.

    *   **Sense 5:** `principle%1:10:00::` | definition=rule of personal conduct | synonyms=precept.
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 2, this is about personal behavior, often moral or religious. Not the best fit for "principles of the sport".

    *   **Sense 6:** `principle%1:09:02::` | definition=(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons... | synonyms=rationale.
        *   *Analysis:* This is about the rationale behind a device or legal concept. Not fitting "principles of the sport".

3.  **Differentiate between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1: "basic generalization... basis for reasoning or conduct". Example: "principles of composition".
    *   Sense 3: "basic truth or law or assumption". Example: "principles of democracy".

    *   The phrase is "principles of the sport".
    *   The context mentions "sporting spirit" and "strategic decisions". The damage is "aesthetic".
    *   If we look at Sense 3's example "principles of democracy", it refers to the foundational laws/tenets of the system.
    *   If we look at Sense 1's example "principles of composition", it refers to the working rules or methods used to create something.
    *   In sports, "principles" usually refer to the fundamental rules or the spirit of the game (the underlying assumptions of how the game works).
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy/definitions closer.
        *   Sense 3 (basic truth or law or assumption) seems to cover the foundational aspects of an abstract system like democracy or a sport.
        *   Sense 1 (basic generalization... basis for reasoning or conduct) is often used for methods or guidelines (like in art or logic).
    *   "Principles of the sport" feels closer to "Principles of democracy" (Sense 3) than "Principles of composition" (Sense 1), although both are close.
    *   However, let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1 has "rule". Sense 3 has no synonym listed in the prompt but the definition includes "law".
    *   The text contrasts these "principles" with specific "rules" (mentioned earlier: "advantages allowed by the rules"). The "principles of the sport" here refers to the *spirit* or the *fundamental truths* of the game, rather than specific regulatory rules. This leans towards "basic truth or law or assumption" (Sense 3) or "basic generalization" (Sense 1).
    *   Sense 3 is defined as "a basic truth or law or assumption". The "principles of democracy" implies the fundamental tenets.
    *   Sense 1 is defined as "a basic generalization that is accepted as true...". The example "principles of composition" refers to rules of thumb or guiding rules.
    *   Context: "sporting spirit". "The damage... to the principles... is not as much ethical as aesthetic." This implies the unwritten laws, the essence, the foundational assumptions of how the sport is played beautifully or correctly.
    *   Comparing examples: "principles of democracy" (Sense 3) vs "principles of composition" (Sense 1). Sports, like democracy, is an institution or a structured activity. "Principles of the sport" aligns well with "principles of democracy".
    *   Let's check if Sense 3 is the top-level hypernym in some WN versions. In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
        *   `principle%1:09:00::` (basic truth or law or assumption) is often the general sense for fundamental laws of a system.
        *   `principle%1:09:03::` (basic generalization...) is often used for guiding rules.
    *   The text says "principles of the sport". Is this "principles of [Subject]"? Yes.
    *   Is the sport treated as a natural phenomenon (Sense 4)? No.
    *   Is it a moral standard (Sense 2)? The text says the damage is *not* ethical, implying the principles themselves might be viewed here through an aesthetic lens, but they are the foundational 'truths' of the sport.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 3: "the principles of democracy". This is the strongest parallel. Democracy is a system/concept; Sport is a system/concept.
        *   Sense 1: "their principles of composition characterized all their works". This is about method/style.
    *   The context talks about "strategic decisions" and "sporting spirit". The "principles" are the foundation of the sport. This fits Sense 3 ("basic truth or law or assumption") best.

    *   *Self-Correction/Refinement*: Sometimes Sense 1 and 3 are very close. Let's check the numbering convention in WordNet. Sense 1:09:00 usually corresponds to the most general or frequent sense.
    *   Let's look at the "rule" synonym in Sense 1. Rules are mentioned separately in the text ("allowed by the rules"). If principles = rules (Sense 1 synonym), it creates a slight redundancy or distinction issue, but Sense 1 definition says "basic generalization... basis for reasoning".
    *   Sense 3 definition: "basic truth or law or assumption". This captures "sporting spirit" well—it's an assumption or basic truth about how the game *should* be (the spirit), rather than the codified rules.
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the most appropriate fit for "principles of the sport".

    *   Let's double check Sense 2 ("rule or standard especially of good behavior"). The text mentions "sporting spirit" and "ethical". The principles of sport *could* be interpreted as the moral code of sport (fair play). The text says the damage is "not as much ethical as aesthetic". If "principles" meant "moral standards" (Sense 2), then damaging them would be ethical damage. The author argues it's *not* ethical damage, implying the principles involved might not be strictly moral ones, or the violation was of the aesthetic/structural nature. However, "principles of the sport" usually refers to the rules/tenets of the game itself (Sense 3) rather than the moral character of the player (Sense 2 examples: "man of principle").

    *   Comparing Sense 1 vs Sense 3 again.
    *   Sense 1: "basic generalization... basis for reasoning or conduct". Example: "principles of composition".
    *   Sense 3: "basic truth or law or assumption". Example: "principles of democracy".
    *   "Principles of the sport" sounds closer to "Principles of democracy" (foundational truths of the institution/system).
    *   Sense 1 seems more appropriate for "principles of [discipline/field]", like "principles of geology" or "principles of composition". Wait. "Principles of geology" is often Sense 1.
    *   However, "Principles of democracy" is definitely Sense 3 in the provided list.
    *   Is "Sport" more like "Democracy" (an institution/system of governance/life) or "Composition" (a method/activity)?
    *   The context mentions "sporting spirit". This implies a fundamental ethos or law.
    *   Let's verify the "principles of [noun]" collocation.
    *   WordNet 3.1 mappings often group "principles of democracy" under Sense 3.
    *   "Principles of the sport" refers to the essential nature or fundamental rules of the game.
    *   I will bet on Sense 3 because "basic truth or law or assumption" covers the "sporting spirit" and the foundational aspects of the game as a system, aligning with the "principles of democracy" example.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again. "basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "basic truth or law or assumption".
    *   The difference is subtle. Sense 1 emphasizes the *utility* (basis for reasoning/conduct). Sense 3 emphasizes the *nature* (truth/law).
    *   "Principles of the sport" are the laws/truths of the sport. The "sporting spirit" is a law/assumption of the sport.
    *   Sense 3 seems slightly better suited for "principles of [Abstract System/Institution]".
    *   Also, the example "principles of democracy" (Sense 3) is a very strong semantic neighbor to "principles of the sport" (both functioning as the foundational 'constitution' of an activity/institution).
    *   Sense 1 example "principles of composition" refers to technical guidelines within a specific artwork practice.
    *   The context deals with "spirit", "law fraud", "sanction", "rules". It treats the sport as a legalistic or structural system. This aligns with "principles of democracy".

    *   Therefore, index 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these <t>actions</t> is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: action (plural: actions)
    *   Context: The text discusses players committing "auto expulsions" strategically to gain an advantage within the rules. It mentions "strategic decisions," "legal fraud," "obeying" sanctions, and the "damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions." The "actions" refer specifically to the specific acts committed by the players (the auto expulsions/fouls).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" (Examples: murders, unnatural actions). This is the most general sense of a physical act or deed.
    *   *Sense 2:* "the state of being active" (Synonyms: activity, activeness). This refers to a state, not a specific countable act.
    *   *Sense 3:* "a military engagement". Not relevant here.
    *   *Sense 4:* "a process existing in or produced by nature". Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 5:* "the series of events that form a plot". Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 6:* "the trait of being active and energetic and forceful". Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 7:* "the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism". Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 8:* "a judicial proceeding". While "legal fraud" is mentioned, the "actions" discussed are the players' behavior/acts on the field, not a lawsuit.
    *   *Sense 9:* "an act by a government body or supranational organization". Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 10:* "the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field". Not relevant.

3.  **Compare context to senses:**
    *   The sentence says: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these **actions**..."
    *   The "actions" are the specific things the players did (the auto expulsions, the strategic fouling).
    *   Sense 1 defines "action" as "something done". This fits perfectly. The players performed specific deeds.
    *   Sense 8 (legal action) is the only other "act" related sense, but the context is sports strategy and rule-bending, not a lawsuit.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a state of activity, which doesn't fit the plural countable noun "these actions" referring to specific events (the expulsions).

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the general "act/deed" sense. The players performed actions (deeds/acts) that were against the sporting spirit.
    *   The examples for Sense 1 ("murders and other unnatural actions") align with the idea of specific, countable deeds, just like "these actions" in the text (the expulsions).

5.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The index for Sense 1 is 1.
    *   JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possibility
Target surface form: possibility
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises <t>possibility</t> of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03:: | definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00:: | definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01:: | definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `possibility`
    *   Target surface form: `possibility`
    *   Context sentence: "Arsenic-tolerant micro <t>possibility</t> of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."

2.  **Analyze the meaning in context:**
    *   The sentence says the discovery "raises the possibility" of new types of life.
    *   The second sentence clarifies: it "widens the scope for finding new forms of life".
    *   This suggests that before this discovery, finding these new forms of life was less likely or less conceivable. Now, it is more conceivable or more likely.
    *   It's not about a specific hypothesis being tested (Sense 3), though it relates to science. It's not just a "future prospect" in the sense of "this room has possibilities" (Sense 1 - usually This often implies potential for development.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "capability of existing or happening or being true". Example: "there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired". This fits the idea that something *might* be the case or *might* happen. The context "raises the possibility of new types of life" means it increases the chance that new types of life exist or can exist.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3: "a tentative insight... hypothesis". Example: "scientific hypothesis". This is too specific. The "possibility" here is the potential existence of life, not a theory about it (though the discovery supports a theory, the word 'possibility' refers to the potential outcome/existence).
    *   Let's look at Sense 4: "a possible alternative". Example: "bankruptcy is always a possibility". This is usually about a specific event/outcome from a set of choices. "New types of life" isn't exactly a "possible alternative" in the standard sense of choosing a course of action, though it's close.

    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1 (Future prospect/potential): Often used for potential for success or development. "The possibilities are endless."
        *   Sense 2 (Capability of existing/happening): Used for events or states that might occur. "There is a possibility of rain."
        *   Context: "raises the possibility of new types of life". This means it makes it more possible that they exist.
        *   Most dictionaries treat "possibility" as "a thing that may happen or be the case" (Oxford) or "the fact or condition of being possible" (Merriam-Webster).
        *   WordNet splits these.
        *   Sense 1 (`possibility%1:09:03::`) is "a future prospect or potential".
        *   Sense 2 (`possibility%1:26:00::`) is "capability of existing or happening or being true".
        *   The phrase "raises the possibility" is a common collocation. It usually means "makes it more likely to be true" or "suggests it might be the case".
        *   "New types of life" is a state of existence. The discovery makes the existence of these life forms more possible (capability of existing/being true).
        *   Sense 1's example "this room has great possibilities" implies potential for *good things* or development. While "new types of life" is a development in science, the core meaning here is the *likelihood* or *truth value* of the existence of life, rather than the potential of the life itself to develop (though there is overlap). However, usually "raises the possibility" maps to the "capability of being true" or "chance of happening" meaning.
        *   Let's look at the mapping of Sense 2 again. `possibility%1:26:00::` is under the "attribute" hierarchy in WordNet (state -> attribute -> possibility). It refers to the *quality* of being possible. Wait, looking closer at WordNet 3.1/3.0 hierarchy.
        *   Let's re-read the definitions provided in the prompt carefully.
        *   Sense 1 great possibilities". This noun sense usually appears in the plural or refers to potential for improvement/success.
        *   Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true". Example: "there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired". This refers to the state of uncertainty or potential occurrence. This matches "raises the possibility" (increases the capability/likelihood of being true).
        *   Sense 3: "hypothesis". Not fitting.
        *   Sense 4: "possible alternative". "Bankruptcy is a possibility". This is a specific instantiation. "New types of life" could be seen as an alternative outcome of evolution, but "raises the possibility" is an idiom usually aligning with Sense 2 (the state of being possible).

    *   Let's check the "raises the possibility" collocation against WordNet senses.
        *   "Raises the possibility" = increases the likelihood or makes it conceivable that X is true.
        *   Sense 2 definition: "capability of existing or happening or being true".
        *   This seems the closest fit. The discovery makes the existence of new types of life more capable of being true.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 1: "a future prospect or potential". "The possibility of a cure." Is that Sense 1 or Sense 2? In WordNet, "possibility" is often split.
        *   Sense 1 (`possibility%1:09:03::`) is often used for "potential". "He talked about the possibilities of the new drug." (Potential for success).
        *   Sense 2 (`possibility%1:26:00::`) is "possibleness" or "possibility" as an attribute. "There is a possibility of rain." (It might happen).
        *   "Raises the possibility of new types of life" is essentially saying "There is now a possibility (chance/capability) that new types of life exist." It makes the proposition "new types of life exist" more possible.
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 fits better than Sense 1. Sense 1 is more about potential inherent in a situation/object ("this room has possibilities"). Sense 2 is about the modal nature of an event/state ("there is a possibility that...").

    *   Let's double check Sense 4 ("a possible alternative"). Example: "bankruptcy is always a possibility".
        *   Could "new types of life" be a "possible alternative"? "The possibility of new types of life" implies the existence of them is a possibility.
        *   Is it a specific alternative? Not really a choice.
        *   Sense 2 is the general condition. Sense 4 is a specific instance ("a possible alternative"). "Bankruptcy" is a specific alternative. "New types of life" is a specific phenomenon. However, the phrasing "raises the possibility of" targets the *state* of it being possible, rather than listing it as an option among many.
        *   Let's look at the synset members.
            *   Sense 2 synset: {possibility, possibleness}. This is the abstract noun denoting the quality/state.
            *   Sense 1 synset: {possibility}. This denotes a "prospect".
            *   Sense 4 synset: {possibility, possible_action, opening}. This denotes a specific option/alternative.
        *   "Raises the possibility" refers to changing the state/quality (increasing the possibleness).
        *   If I say "We must consider the possibility of rain", I am considering the abstract chance.
        *   If I say "Running away is a possibility", I am listing a specific alternative (Sense 4).
        *   Here: "raises the possibility of new types of life". It is raising the *potential for it to be true*. This aligns with the capability of being true (Sense 2).

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "A future prospect". "The discovery... raises the future prospect of new types of life". Does that sound right? "Prospect" usually implies looking forward to something expected or potential for success. "New types of life" aren't exactly a "prospect" in the sense of a hope for the future, though finding them is. But the "possibility" here refers to the *fact that they might exist*. The discovery makes their existence more plausible (more capable of being true).
    *   This strongly points to Sense 2. "Capability of existing or happening or being true".

    *   Let's confirm the WordNet 3.0/3.1 structure for `possibility`.
        *   1. possibility -- (a future prospect or potential; "this room has great possibilities")
        *   2. possibility, possibleness -- (capability of existing or happening or being true; "there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired")
        *   3. hypothesis, possibility, theory -- (a tentative insight into the natural world...)
        *   4. possibility, possible action, opening -- (a possible alternative; *   Does it raise a "future prospect" (Sense 1)? Maybe slightly, in the sense of finding them.
        *   Does it raise the "capability of existing... or being true" (Sense 2)? Yes. The discovery suggests it is true or capable of being true that life can exist in this form.
        *   Does it raise a "hypothesis" (Sense 3)? No, the microbe is a discovery, not a hypothesis itself. It supports the possibility.
        *   Does it raise a "possible alternative" (Sense 4)? No.

    *   Choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2.
        *   "Raises the possibility" is the key phrase.
        *   "Raises the potential" (Sense 1 synonym)? "Raises the future prospect"?
        *   "Raises the capability of being true" (Sense 2 definition)?
        *   The sentence continues: "widens the scope for finding...".
        *   "Widens the scope" corresponds to "raises the possibility".
        *   If you widen the scope, you make it more possible.
        *   Sense 2 (capability of existing/happening/being true) captures the epistemic modality here. The truth of the proposition "new types of life exist" is made more possible.
        *   Sense 1 is usually about potential for *development* or *success* in a positive sense. "Great possibilities" implies good things. While finding life is good science, the existence of the life itself isn't a "prospect" in the sense of a career prospect or room prospect. It is a state of affairs.
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

    *   Wait, let me check if Sense 1 covers "potential" in a broader sense.
        *   Gloss: "a future prospect or potential".
        *   Example: "this room has great possibilities".
        *   If the context was "This discovery opens up new possibilities for bio-mining", that might be Sense 1 (prospects/opportunities).
        *   But the object of the preposition is "new types of life". The existence of new types of life.
        *   "The possibility of new types of life" = "The potential existence of new types of life".
        *   Is "potential existence" Sense 1 or Sense 2?
        *   Sense 2: "capability of existing". This is explicit.
        *   Sense 1: "potential". In WordNet, Sense 1 is often "possibilities" (plural) referring to "prospects".
        *   Sense 2 refers to the singular concept of possibility as a modality.
        *   The text uses "possibility" (singular).
        *   "Raises the possibility that..."
        *   If we paraphrase: "Raises the chance that new types of life exist."
        *   Chance/Likelihood/Possibility (modal) -> Sense 2.
        *   "Bankruptcy is a possibility" (Sense 4 - specific alternative).
        *   "There is a possibility that..." (Sense 2 - modal state).
        *   The context is "raises the possibility of...".
        *   This structure is very similar to "There is a possibility that...".
        *   It refers to the state of the world where new types of life exist being a valid state (capability of existing or being true).

    *   Therefore, I select Sense 2.

    *   Let's double check Sense 3 again.
        *   Synonyms: hypothesis, theory.
        *   "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises hypothesis of new types of life".
        *   No, the discovery *suggests* the possibility, it doesn't raise the hypothesis (the hypothesis would be "Life can use arsenic").
        *   The sentence says "raises possibility of new types of life".
        *   This means it makes the existence more plausible. Plausibility/Possibility.
   Sense 3 is specifically for "a scientific hypothesis". "He proposed a fresh theory".
        *   This is not the usage here.

    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.
    *   Definition: "capability of existing or happening or being true".
    *   Context match: The discovery makes the existence of new life forms more capable of being true.

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