[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: observer
Target surface form: observers
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside <t>observers</t>. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=observer%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | synonyms=perceiver, percipient, beholder
2. sense_key=observer%1:18:01:: | definition=an expert who observes and comments on something | synonyms=commentator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "observers" in the given context:

Context: "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."

The two candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=observer%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | synonyms=perceiver, percipient, beholder
2. sense_key=observer%1:18:01:: | definition=an expert who observes and comments on something | synonyms=commentator

In this context, "observers" refers to people/organizations that would verify whether emissions cuts are being made as promised. These would be external monitors or experts who observe and potentially report on whether countries are meeting their commitments. They are not just people who perceive things through their senses, but rather experts who have a role in monitoring and potentially commenting on compliance.

This context is about climate change negotiations and verification of emissions cuts. The "outside observers" would be experts or organizations whose job is to monitor and report on compliance - this matches well with the second sense of "an expert who observes and comments on something."

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:
{"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: comment
Target surface form: comments
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his <t>comments</t> an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comment%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information | synonyms=remark, input | examples=from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account
2. sense_key=comment%1:10:01:: | definition=a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material | synonyms=commentary | examples=he wrote an extended comment on the proposal
3. sense_key=comment%1:10:02:: | definition=a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people | synonyms=gossip, scuttlebutt | examples=the divorce caused much gossip

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "comments" in the context provided.

The context is about international climate talks. Stern (U.S. special climate envoy) "made his comments" an hour after a Chinese official made remarks about him. The comments appear to be statements that Stern made - specifically, his remarks about the text and climate negotiations.

Let me examine the three candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information" with synonyms like "remark, input"
2. Sense 2: "a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material" with synonym "commentary"
3. Sense 3: "a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people" with synonyms like "gossip, scuttlebutt"

Looking at the context:
- Stern "made his comments" - these are spoken statements expressing his views
- The comments are about the text and climate negotiations
- The Chinese official is responding to what Stern said
- This is about statements expressing opinions/positions in a diplomatic context

Sense 2 doesn't fit because this isn't about written explanations added to a book or text. These are spoken remarks made at a press conference or similar setting.

Sense 3 doesn't fit because this isn't gossip about someone's personal behavior. These are official diplomatic statements about policy positions.

Sense 1 fits best - Stern made statements expressing his personal opinion/position on the climate negotiations. The synonym "remark" aligns well with how comments are used in this diplomatic/journalistic context.

The Chinese vice foreign minister's response ("either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible'") shows that Stern's comments were indeed statements expressing opinions/positions that elicited a reaction.

Therefore, sense 1 is thebest match.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hour
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "Stern made his comments an **hour** after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said..."
    *   Meaning: The text describes a specific duration of time between two events (Stern making comments and He Yafei speaking). Specifically, it refers to a unit of time measurement.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `hour%1:28:00::` - Definition: "a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day". Synonyms: hr, 60 minutes. Example: "the job will take more than an hour".
        *   *Fit:* This fits perfectly. "An hour after" refers to a specific duration of 60 minutes. It is the standard unit of time measurement.
    *   **Sense 2:** `hour%1:28:01::` - Definition: "clock time". Synonyms: time of day. Example: "the hour is getting late".
        *   *Fit:* This refers to the position on a clock (e.g., "the hour is 5 PM"). The context is not about the time of day, but a duration/interval. "An hour after" doesn't mean "a clock time after".
    *   **Sense 3:** `hour%1:28:02::` - Definition: "a special and memorable period". Example: "it was their finest hour".
        *   *Fit:* This is metaphorical or refers to a historical moment of significance. The context is a mundane measurement of time between two statements.
    *   **Sense 4:** `hour%1:07:00::` - Definition: "distance measured by the time taken to cover it". Synonyms: minute. Example: "we live an hour from the airport".
        *   *Fit:* This refers to spatial distance expressed in time units. The context "an hour after" refers to temporal distance (duration), not spatial distance.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The context "an hour after" clearly indicates a period of time (duration) elapsed between two events.
    *   Sense 1 defines "hour" as a period of time equal to 60 minutes.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instructions require a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: america
Target surface form: America
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=america%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=america%1:17:00:: | definition=North America and South America and Central America

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target lemma:** america
    *   **Target surface form:** America
    *   **Context:** A text about climate change talks involving the European Union, the U.S., China, and other countries. Specific focus is on political negotiations, financial aid, and emission cuts.
    *   **Candidate senses:**
        *   Sense 1: North American republic containing 50 states (synonyms: United States, United States of America, the States, US, USA).
        *   Sense 2: North America and South America and Central America (synonyms: the Americas).
    *   **Task:** Choose the single best indexed sense (1 or 2). Return JSON `{"sense_index": x}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence containing the target is: "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said **America**'s top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense'..."
    *   Who is "America's top climate negotiator"?
    *   Looking at the preceding sentences: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language..." and "Stern made his comments..."
    *   So, "America's top climate negotiator" refers to Todd Stern, who is the "U.S. special climate envoy".
    *   Therefore, "America" in this context is used as a synonym for the United States (the political entity/country).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (america%1:15:00::):** Defined as the "North American republic containing 50 states". Synonyms include "United States", "US", "USA". This matches perfectly. The "U.S. special climate envoy" represents the government of the United States.
    *   **Sense 2 (america%1:17:00::):** Defined as the continents of North and South America (the Americas). This does not fit. A continent does not have a single "top climate negotiator" in the context of international political agreements involving the EU and China. The entity negotiating is the sovereign state.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The target word "America" refers to the country United States of America.
    *   This corresponds to Sense 1.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about climate change negotiations, where "climate" refers to the physical phenomenon of global warming and weather patterns, not a psychological state. The phrase is "climate negotiator" which refers to someone negotiating about climate change (the weather/environmental phenomenon).

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. climate%1:26:00:: - the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time
2. climate%1:26:01:: - the prevailing psychological state

The context is clearly about environmental/climate change issues - global warming, greenhouse gases, floods, droughts, deforestation. The "climate negotiator" is negotiating about climate change, which relates to weather patterns over time.

Sense 1 is the correct choice here.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "week". The target surface form is "week".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence containing the target is: "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible' for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   The broader context describes a set of talks (climate change talks) occurring over a period of time. "Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week."
    *   The specific instance refers to a point in time "earlier in the week". This implies a temporal unit of seven days relative to the current moment (Friday).
    *   The reference is to a period of time during which the talks are happening. It refers to a generic span of seven days (the current week of the talks).

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `week%1:28:00::` | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week.
        *   This sense covers any block of seven days, not necessarily tied to a specific calendar definition (like Sunday to Saturday). It fits "earlier in the week" (meaning a few days ago within the current 7-day cycle).
    *   **Sense 2:** `week%1:28:01::` | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week.
        *   This is about labor/work hours. The context is about diplomatic talks and negotiations, not specifically the work schedule or hours worked in a payroll sense. This is unlikely.
    *   **Sense 3:** `week%1:28:02::` | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week.
        *   This sense specifically denotes the calendar week (Sunday-Saturday, or sometimes Monday-Sunday depending on locale, but the gloss specifies Sunday).
        *   While the text refers to a calendar week in a general sense ("earlier in the week"), usually, WordNet distinguishes "any period of seven consecutive days" (Sense 1) from the specific "calendar week" unit (Sense 3).
        *   Let's look at the usage "earlier in the week". If today is Friday, "earlier in the week" refers to Monday-Thursday. This is part of the *calendar week*.
        *   However, looking at Sense 1's definition "any period of seven consecutive days", it is often used for durations ("for a week"). Sense 3 is the specific unit on the calendar.
        *   Let's check the distinction.
        *   Sense 1: "it rained for a week". Focus is on duration.
        *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday". Focus is on the specific slot in the calendar.
        *   In the phrase "earlier in the week", the speaker is referring to the specific calendar unit containing the current day (Friday).
        *   However, WordNet sense inventory often treats the general time unit (Sense 1) as the primary sense for "week" when referring to the passage of time or a specific span, whereas Sense 3 is strictly the defined calendar period.
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 in WordNet 3.1/3.0.
        *   Sense 1: `week%1:28:00::` is "any period of seven consecutive days".
        *   Sense 3: `week%1:28:02::` is "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".
        *   The phrase "past week" (dominated the talks for the past week) and "earlier in the week" are standard references to a calendar week in progress.
        *   Usually, sense 1 is the most generic. If I say "I'll see you in a week", it's sense 1 (duration). If I say "next week", it's sense 3 (calendar unit).
        *   Here, "earlier in the week" acts like a calendar unit. "The past week" acts like a duration/calender mix.
        *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "it rained for a week". This emphasizes the length/duration.
        *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 3: "starting on Sunday". This is a very specific definition.
        *   Does "earlier in the week" imply a calendar week starting on Sunday? In English, "the week" usually implies the calendar week (Mon-Sun or Sun-Sat).
        *   However, Sense 1 "any period of seven consecutive days" is the hypernym.
        *   Many WSD systems map "last week", "this week", "next week" to the **calendar week** sense (Sense 3 or similar specific sense depending on the version). In this specific WordNet snapshot provided:
            *   Sense 1: generic 7 days.
            *   Sense 3: calendar week (Sunday start).
        *   The phrase "earlier in the week" refers to the specific time slot (Monday-Thursday) of the current calendar week. It contrasts with "Friday" (the current day).
        *   Therefore, Sense 3 seems appropriate because it refers to a specific bounded unit in the calendar system (the one containing the talks), rather than a generic duration of 7 days measured from an arbitrary point.
        *   *Self-Correction/Refinement:* Often, Sense 1 is the catch-all "time unit" sense. If the text said "a week of talks", it would be Sense 1 (duration). If it says "earlier in the week", it is referencing a partition of time on the calendar.
        *   Let's look at the gloss for Sense 1 again: "any period of seven consecutive days". This is very broad.
        *   Let's look at the gloss for Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".
        *   Standard WSD practice on SemCor/ONTONotes:
            *   "Next week" -> Calendar week.
            *   "A week later" -> Duration (Sense 1).
        *   Here: "saying earlier in the week".
        *   This refers to a specific point in the calendar cycle.
        *   Is Sense 3 the best fit? The definition includes "starting on Sunday". This is a strong constraint. If the week starts on Monday (common in international contexts, like the EU mentioned in the text), Sense 3 might be technically incorrect if strictly interpreted by the "Sunday" constraint in WordNet. WordNet is US-centric, so Sunday start is standard for WordNet definitions.
        *   However, "earlier in the week" definitely refers to the **calendar week** concept (a named unit of time), not just a duration block.
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 broadly. Sense 1 is "hebdomad" (synonym). Sense 3 is "calendar week" (synonym).
        *   Synonyms:
            *   Sense 1: hebdomad (often archaic/formal or medical).
            *   Sense 3: calendar week.
        *   The text says "earlier in the <t>week</t>". It acts as a deictic reference to the current calendar period.
        *   Therefore, Sense 3 (calendar week) is the standard mapping for "this week", "last week", "in the week".
        *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. Does it cover calendar weeks? "Any period of seven consecutive days" includes calendar weeks. But Sense 3 exists to specifically denote the calendar unit.
        *   In standard WordNet-based WSD tasks, "in the week" usually maps to the Calendar Week sense (Sense 3 in this list).
        *   Let's verify the "past week" instance in the text: "dominated the talks for the past week". This could be Sense 1 (duration). But the target is "earlier in the week".
        *   Target: "...earlier in the <t>week</t>..."
        *   This implies the temporal container (Calendar Week).
        *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the best choice.

    *   *Alternative argument for Sense 1:* If one argues that "week" is just a measure of time here, Sense 1 applies. But "earlier in the [measure of time]" sounds odd compared to "earlier in the [calendar unit]". You don't say "earlier in the 7-days". You say "earlier in the week" referring to the specific work week or calendar week currently active.
    *   The distinction is usually:
        *   Duration/Quantity -> Sense 1.
        *   Named unit/Calendar position -> Sense 3.
    *   The phrase "in the week" locates an event within a specific named unit of time.
    *   Thus, Sense 3.

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Target: "earlier in the week".
    *   Meaning: A specific calendar period (Mon-Fri usually, within the Sun-Sat cycle).
    *   Sense 3 definition: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday". This matches the concept of a "calendar week" (synonym provided).
    *   Sense 1 definition: "any period of seven consecutive days". This is the hypernym but lacks the specific calendar reference inherent in the definite article "the week" (which implies 'this specific week').
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is more precise and accurate for the usage "in the week".

    Wait, let's double check WordNet examples for Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    WordNet 3.0:
    1. week, hebdomad -- (any period of seven consecutive days; "it rained for a week")
    2. workweek, week -- (hours or days of work in a calendar week; "they worked a 40-hour week")
    3. week, calendar week -- (a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday)

    Usage "earlier in the week": This is a temporal location within a calendar week.
    If I say "I saw him earlier in the week", I refer to the calendar week.
    Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct specific sense.

    Let's check if there's any ambiguity.
    If the sentence was "The talks lasted a week", Sense 1 would be correct.
    If the sentence was "He works a 60-hour week", Sense 2 would be correct.
    Since the sentence refers to a point in time within a specific week ("the week"), Sense 3 is the appropriate selection.

    Wait, is it possible Sense 1 is preferred in some WSD frameworks?
    Let's look at the OntoNotes sense inventory or SemCor.
    In SemCor, "in the week" often maps to the calendar week sense.
    Example: "early in the week" -> Calendar week.
    Example: "for a week" -> Duration (Sense 1).
    Example: "next week" -> Calendar week.

    Conclusion: The context "earlier in the week" refers to the specific calendar unit.
    Index: 3.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `united_states`
    *   Target surface form: `United States`
    *   Context: A paragraph about international climate talks involving the EU, the US, and China.
    *   Task: Choose the best indexed sense from two candidates.
    *   Constraint: Return JSON format `{"sense_index": N}`. Do not hedge.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence containing the target is: "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible' for saying earlier in the week that the **United States** would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   The entity performing the action ("would not help China") is the **United States**.
    *   In this context, the "United States" refers to the country/nation/state actor acting on the international stage. It acts through its representatives (Todd Stern, the negotiator), but the entity pledging or refusing aid is the country itself.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `united_states%1:15:00::`
        *   Definition: "North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776"
        *   Synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA.
        *   Interpretation: This refers to the geopolitical entity, the nation, the country. When we say "The United States will not help China," we refer to the country as an actor in international relations.

    *   **Sense 2:** `united_states%1:14:00::`
        *   Definition: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States"
        *   Synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
        *   Interpretation: This refers specifically to the governmental apparatus/administration. Sometimes used interchangeably with the country in casual speech ("The US released a statement"), but WordNet distinguishes between the nation (1:15:00) and the specific government branches (1:14:00).

4.  **Evaluate Distinction:**
    *   Is the text referring to the geographic/political nation or the specific government administration?
    *   The sentence says: "the United States would not help China financially".
    *   Earlier in the text: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line..."
    *   While the administration implements the policy, the entity represented in the international talks is the nation-state.
    *   Let's look at the hierarchy in WordNet. `united_states%1:15:00::` is under `country`. `united_states%1:14:00::` is under `government`.
    *   Often, when a country acts internationally, it is the *country* (Sense 1) acting through its government. However, if the text explicitly meant "the Obama administration" or "the federal government" as opposed to the state governments or the nation as a people, Sense 2 might apply.
    *   Let's look at the specific phrasing: "...said that the United States would not help China..."
    *   Usually, "United States" in international diplomacy refers to the nation (Sense 1). If the text said "The US Government," Sense 2 would be clear. If it said "The White House," it would be the administration.
    *   WordNet sense 1:15:00 is the standard definition of the United States as a country.
    *   WordNet sense 1:14:00 defines it as "the executive and legislative and judicial branches...".
    *   In standard WSD tasks involving country names in news text, the "country" sense is the default unless there is a strong local context distinguishing the government apparatus from the land/people.
    *   Example: "The United States has a population of 300 million." -> Sense 1.
    *   Example: "The United States sued the state of Arizona." -> Sense 2 (Government acting as a legal entity).
    *   Example: "The United States promised aid." -> Sense 1 (Nation acting).
    *   Let's check the specific sentence again. "the United States would not help China financially".
    *   This is a nation-to-nation interaction.
    *   If I select Sense 2, I am claiming the text specifically refers to the *machinery of government* rather than the *nation*.
    *   While the government implements the policy, the standard metonymy "Country acts" maps to the Country sense (1:15:00) in most WSD datasets (like SemCor or OntoNotes) unless "Government" is explicitly the focus.
    *   Let's look at the synonym list for Sense 2: "United States government, U.S. government". The text does not use "government". It uses "United States".
    *   The previous sentence mentions "Obama administration". This might suggest Sense 2 (Government). However, the quote says "The United States is not going to do a deal...". This is a statement by the nation's representative.
    *   Usually, WSD guidelines for named entities map "Country Name" acting as a geopolitical entity to the Nation/Country sense (Sense 1).
    *   Let's consider the gloss for Sense 1 again: "North American republic...". A republic implies the state structure, but it is defined as a location/country.
    *   Sense 2 is strictly the *government*.
    *   The distinction is subtle. In "The United States will not help China", is it the government or the country?
    *   Common usage: "The United States" usually refers to the country (Sense 1).
    *   If the context was "The United States passed a bill," it would lean towards Sense 2 (Government acting).
    *   If the context is international diplomacy ("United States vs China"), it is usually Sense 1 (Nation vs Nation).
    *   Let's verify with similar WordNet usages. `country` (1:15) vs `government` (1:14).
    *   Most WSD systems default to the Country sense for "United States" in general news text about international relations.
    *   Let's compare the coverage. Sense 1 is the "North American republic". Sense 2 is the "branches of the federal government".
    *   The United States (the nation) is the actor. The government is the instrument.
    *   I will select Sense 1. It is the most standard hypernym for the entity "United States". Sense 2 is a specific hyponym (the government). When the text says "The United States said...", it is generally interpreted as the country, even if metonymously standing in for the administration. However, without specific cues like "The US government," the country sense is the primary reading.

    *   *Self-Correction/Refinement*: In WordNet, `United_States` (noun) has two main senses.
        1. The country (North American republic).
        2. The government.
    *   Context: "The United States would not help China."
    *   Who provides financial help? The government? Or the nation? Official Development Assistance (ODA) is attributed to countries.
    *   If the text read "The US government said...", it would be Sense 2. It reads "The United States said...".
    *   In SemCor (a standard annotated corpus for WordNet), "The United States" is overwhelmingly annotated as the Country sense (Sense 1). For instance, "The United States declared war" -> Country.
    *   Therefore, I will stick with Sense 1.

5.  **Final Decision:**
    The target refers to the geopolitical entity acting in international relations. This aligns with Sense 1 (North American republic/Country). Sense 2 is specific to the government apparatus, often distinguished by modifiers like "government" or specific internal political contexts. Here, the context is international diplomacy between nations.

    Sense Index: 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help <t>China</t> financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "China" in the context. Let me analyze the context:

The passage is about climate change talks, specifically negotiations between countries. The context mentions:
- U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern
- Obama administration taking a harder line with China
- Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei
- Talks about binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions
- The United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming
- References to "major developing countries" and "emerging economies"

This is clearly referring to the nation/country China - the People's Republic of China - which is a major developing country and emerging economy involved in climate change negotiations.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: - "a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world" - This refers to the People's Republic of China (mainland China, Communist China, PRC)

2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: - "high quality porcelain originally made only in China" - This is about porcelain/material, not a country

3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: - "a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949..." - This refers to Taiwan/Republic of China

4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: - "dishware made of high quality porcelain" - Again about porcelain dishware

The context clearly refers to the nation of China (People's Republic of China), which is a major developing country and emerging economy. The text mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei" and discusses the Obama administration's stance toward China in climate negotiations.

Sense 1 is the correct choice - the communist nation in eastern Asia, the People's Republic of China.

The answer should be sense_index: 1

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "world" in the context: "With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake..."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is talking about "the world's major powers"
- It's discussing economic trajectory, developing world, industrial world, emerging economies
- The context is about countries and their economic/political relationships

Now let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm
- This refers to the entire universe, not just Earth. Not quite fitting here.

2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
- This refers to a group of people with shared interests. "The world's major powers" could fit this, but it's more about nations/countries.

3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality
- This is about personal perception. Not fitting.

4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe
- This refers to Earth as a physical planet. "The world's major powers" - major powers of the Earth/planet.

5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public
- This is about people in general, populace. Not quite fitting.

6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
- This is about a specific realm/domain. Not fitting.

7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife
- This is about worldly vs spiritual concerns. Not fitting.

8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind
- This is about all humans. "The world's major powers" - the major powers of humanity/all humans?

Let me reconsider. The phrase is "the world's major powers" - this is referring to the major powers (countries/nations) of the world.

The question is: what does "world" mean here?

The "world's major powers" refers to the major countries/nations on Earth. When we talk about "world powers" or "the world's major powers," we're referring to the countries that have significant influence globally.

Looking at sense 4: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" - This seems most fitting because "the world's major powers" means the major powers of the Earth/planet.

But let me also consider sense 1: "everything that exists anywhere" - This is the universe, cosmos. Not quite right for "world's major powers."

Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - "The Western world" is an example. This could potentially fit, but "the world's major powers" is more about the planet/Earth and its nations, not about people with shared interests.

Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" - This is about the human population. "The world's major powers" could mean the major powers among humanity, but this is a stretch.

I think sense 4 is the best fit: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" | synonyms=Earth, globe

"The world's major powers" = "Earth's major powers" or "the planet's major powers" - this makes perfect sense. The world here refers to Earth/the planet.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 2 more carefully. "The Western world" is given as an example, which is similar to constructions like "the industrialized world" or "the developing world" mentioned in the text. These use "world" to refer to a group of people/nations with shared characteristics.

However, the specific instance is "the world's major powers" - this is possessive, meaning "the major powers OF the world." Here, "world" refers to the whole Earth/planet, and "major powers" are those that have influence on this world.

So sense 4 seems most appropriate: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" with synonyms "Earth, globe."

"The world's major powers" = "the major powers of the Earth/globe/planet" - this interpretation fits well with sense 4.

Let me double-check by looking at other uses in the context:
- "developing world" - this would be sense 2 or 6 (a part of the earth/a group with shared characteristics)
- "industrial world" - same
- "Western world" (implied in Stern's comments) - sense 2

But for "the world's major powers," sense 4 (Earth/globe) is most fitting.

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battle
Target surface form: battle
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current <t>battle</t> is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battle%1:04:00:: | definition=a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war | synonyms=conflict, fight, engagement | examples=Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga; he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement
2. sense_key=battle%1:04:01:: | definition=an energetic attempt to achieve something | synonyms=struggle | examples=getting through the crowd was a real struggle; he fought a battle for recognition
3. sense_key=battle%1:04:02:: | definition=an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); --Thomas Paine | synonyms=conflict, struggle | examples=the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine which one best fits the usage of "battle" in this passage.

The context describes a diplomatic dispute between nations (particularly the US and China) over climate change obligations, emissions cuts, and financial responsibilities. The sentence containing "battle" is:

"The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."

Let's analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=battle%1:04:00::
   Definition: a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war
   Synonyms: conflict, fight, engagement
   Examples: "Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga; he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement"

   This sense specifically refers to military conflict in war. The context here is about diplomatic negotiations, not military warfare. So this sense doesn't fit well.

2. sense_key=battle%1:04:01::
   Definition: an energetic attempt to achieve something
   Synonyms: struggle
   Examples: "getting through the crowd was a real struggle; he fought a battle for recognition"

   This sense is about efforts to achieve a goal. While there are certainly efforts being made by various countries to achieve their goals in the negotiations, the context seems to be more about the conflict between groups rather than just the effort itself.

3. sense_key=battle%1:04:02::
   Definition: an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)
   Synonyms: conflict, struggle
   Examples: "the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs"

   This sense describes a clash between opposing groups, which fits the context well. The passage describes tensions between the US and China, between industrialized and developing nations, and specifically mentions "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations." This is clearly a diplomatic clash between opposing groups with different positions and interests.

The context shows clear opposition between different groups of countries with different positions. There's mention of "fault lines," "feuding," and "fighting over who should bear the costs." This aligns well with sense 3, which describes an open clash between opposing groups.

The context does not specifically describe an "energetic attempt to achieve something" (sense 2) as the primary meaning, but rather emphasizes the conflict and opposing positions of different groups.

Therefore, sense 3 is the best match for how "battle" is used in this context. It's describing an open clash between opposing groups (different nations with different positions on climate policy).

My answer is {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economies
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "economy", and the surface form is "economies" (plural). The context sentence is: "The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet..."

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text discusses climate change negotiations, specifically greenhouse-gas emissions, industrialized countries vs. emerging economies (China, US, poorer nations).
    *   The phrase is "saving individual economies".
    *   The sentence contrasts "saving individual economies" with "saving the planet".
    *   The "economies" here refer to the national systems of countries (China, US, major powers). They are entities that can be "saved" or impacted by climate policies. The text talks about "future economic trajectory of the world's major powers".
    *   This points to the concept of a national or regional economic system (production, distribution, consumption).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `economy%1:14:00::` | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system.
        *   *Fit*: This fits perfectly. "Emerging economies" (mentioned earlier) and "saving individual economies" refers to the economic systems of nations. The context discusses the impact of emission cuts on national financial health and industrial systems.
        *   *Plurality*: The surface form is "economies". Sense 1 represents a countable entity (a system). You can have multiple systems (economies of China, US, etc.).

    *   **Sense 2**: `economy%1:09:01::` | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort.
        *   *Fit*: This usually refers to an abstract quality or principle (e.g., "economy of motion"). You don't usually talk about "saving individual economies" in the sense of "saving individual efficient uses of resources". It doesn't fit the context of national entities.

    *   **Sense 3**: `economy%1:07:00::` | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness.
        *   *Fit*: This is a character trait or habit (like being thrifty). "Saving individual thriftinesses" makes no sense.

    *   **Sense 4**: `economy%1:04:00::` | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving.
        *   *Fit*: This is a specific act (e.g., "it was a small economy to walk to work"). Again, "saving individual acts of economizing" is semantically incoherent in this context. The context is about national financial systems.

4.  **Conclusion**:
    *   The context clearly refers to the economic systems of various countries (major powers, China, United States).
    *   Sense 1 defines "economy" as "the system of production and distribution and consumption" or "economic system".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with <t>China</t> and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Target lemma: china
    *   Target surface form: China (Capitalized, indicating a proper noun).

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "Obama administration", "Bush administration".
    *   It discusses "greenhouse-gas emissions", "industrialized countries", "major emerging economies".
    *   Specific mentions: "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei", "saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially".
    *   The specific target sentence: "...with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   The context clearly refers to a geopolitical entity, a nation-state, a major power involved in international climate negotiations.
    *   It refers to the country with a large population and territory in eastern Asia (implied by "major emerging economies", "major powers", "Chinese vice foreign minister").

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `china%1:15:00::` | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to the People's Republic of China (PRC). The context talks about the "Chinese vice foreign minister", the Obama administration's stance, and the country as a major emitter and emerging economy. This matches the entity often referred to simply as "China" in international news.
    *   **Sense 2:** `china%1:06:00::` | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China.
        *   *Fit:* This is a material (porcelain). The context talks about climate negotiations and nations. This is incorrect.
    *   **Sense 3:** `china%1:15:01::` | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949... | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to Taiwan (ROC). The context mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei" criticizing the US negotiator. He Yafei is a PRC diplomat. The entity is clearly the PRC (Mainland China), not Taiwan. The US is feuding with China over obligations; usually, this refers to the PRC in the context of the Copenhagen/Climate Change summits mentioned here.
    *   **Sense 4:** `china%1:06:01::` | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware.
        *   *Fit:* This refers to plates/dishes. Incorrect.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The context is about international politics, climate change negotiations, and the country "China".
    *   Sense 1 defines the country (PRC).
    *   Sense 3 defines Taiwan.
    *   The context mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei". A quick knowledge check (or inference from the text implying a major emerging economy often contrasted with the US in emissions) confirms this is the People's Republic of China.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct match.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   Instruction: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
    *   Target index: 1.

    JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** `united_states`
    *   **Target Surface Form:** "United States"
    *   **Context:** The text discusses international climate negotiations involving the US, China, and other countries. It mentions specific officials (Todd Stern, Obama administration, Bush administration, He Yafei), policies (binding cuts vs. voluntary ones, financial help), and geopolitical dynamics ("feuding over their respective obligations").

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `united_states%1:15:00::` | Definition: "North American republic containing 50 states..." | Synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA. This refers to the country/nation/state as a geopolitical entity and territory.
    *   **Sense 2:** `united_states%1:14:00::` | Definition: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States" | Synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S. This refers to the government apparatus itself.

3.  **Evaluate the Context against the Senses:**
    *   The specific sentence where the target appears is: "China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   Earlier sentences: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern...", "Obama administration...", "Bush administration officials...", "The United States is not going to do a deal...", "Stern... said... United States would not help China financially..."
    *   While the actors are government officials (Stern, Obama administration), the entity "United States" in the phrase "China and United States feuding" refers to the countries as political entities/nations engaging in a dispute.
    *   Let's look at the distinction between nation (Sense 1) and government (Sense 2).
    *   In WordNet hierarchy:
        *   Sense 1 is under `nation`, `country`, `state`, `land`.
        *   Sense 2 is under `government`, `authorities`, `regime`.
    *   In the phrase "China and the United States feuding", "China" refers to the country/nation (or its regime). The "United States" is parallel. Usually, when nations are discussed in terms of international relations (negotiating deals, feuding), the reference is to the nation-state entity (Sense 1). However, who is doing the feuding? The governments.
    *   Let's check the specific usage: "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations".
    *   If I say "The White House issued a statement", "White House" refers to the government/executive branch.
    *   If I say "The United States invaded Iraq", "United States" usually refers to the country/nation acting through its military (Sense 1).
    *   If I say "The United States passed a law", "United States" refers to the government/legislative body (Sense 2 or Sense 1 acting through its government).
    *   WordNet sense 2 definition explicitly mentions "executive and legislative and judicial branches". The synset includes "U.S. government".
    *   Let's look at the preceding sentence: "The United States is not going to do a deal..." Does "United States" here mean the government or the country? A country "does a deal" (acts as an agent).
    *   In the specific target sentence: "China and United States feuding..."
    *   Is the "United States" here synonymous with "the U.S. government"? Yes, mostly. It is the administration (Obama/Bush mentioned) fighting.
    *   However, Sense 1 (North American republic) is the primary, most common sense. Sense 2 is specifically the government *of* the United States.
    *   Let's look at the test sentence: "The United States is not going to do a deal..." vs "The executive branch..."
    *   Often, usage of "The United States" in international diplomacy acts as a metonym for the government.
    *   But, WordNet sense inventories usually prioritize the geopolitical entity (country) over the specific institution of government unless the context explicitly highlights the machinery of government (e.g., "The United States has three branches").
    *   Let's look at the hypernyms.
        *   Sense 1 -> North American country, North American nation.
        *   Sense 2 -> federal government. Synonyms: "United States government".
    *   The text mentions "Obama administration is taking a harder line...". This confirms the government is the active agent.
    *   However, the sentence "China and United States feuding" treats them as the two major powers/countries.
    *   Standard WSD practice for "United States" in contexts of international relations often defaults to the country (Sense 1) because the government is the representation of the country. Sense 2 is usually reserved for contexts distinguishing the government from the people or the land, or referring to the institution itself (e.g., "The United States is headquartered in Washington").
    *   Let's reconsider. Sense 2 synonyms: "United States government". Does "United States" mean "United States government" here?
        *   Sentence: "China and United States feuding".
        *   Does it mean "China and United States government"? Or "China and United States"?
        *   Usually, WSD datasets (like SemCor) tag "United States" as the country (Sense 1) even when the government acts. Example: "The United States has a trade deficit." (Country). "The United States declared war." (Country). "The United States comprises three branches." (Government).
    *   Let's look at the text again. "saving individual economies". This refers to the country's economy, not just the government's budget.
    *   "China and United States feuding". This is a dispute between nations.
    *   In almost all WSD tasks (like OntoNotes or SemCor), "United States" referring to the geopolitical entity acting on the world stage takes the 'country' sense (Sense 1). The 'government' sense (Sense 2) is used when contrasting with other governments or referring to the structural institution.
    *   Let's check the definition of Sense 2 again: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government".
    *   The context here is about a deal, obligations, and feuding. While the government executes these, the entity "United States" is the nation-state.
    *   Consider the phrase "major powers". "China and United States" are listed as major powers. "Powers" here refers to "countries/nations" (Sense 1), not "governments" (though governments wield the power).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (North American republic/country) is the appropriate level of abstraction.

    *   Let's double check if there's a strong reason for Sense 2.
    *   If the text said "The United States employs thousands of civil servants", that's Sense 2 (Organization/Government).
    *   If the text said "The United States covers a large area", that's Sense 1 (Location).
    *   Here: "China and United States feuding". This is a geopolitical entity acting. The primary sense of "United States" is the geopolitical entity (Sense 1). Sense 2 is a specific hyponym or metonym used less frequently as the default tag.
    *   Most WSD guidelines suggest Sense 1 for "The United States" unless there is explicit linguistic markers pointing to the government structure. The "government" sense (Sense 2) is often mapped to synonyms like "U.S. government" or "Washington".
    *   Furthermore, Sense 1 definition includes "North American republic... achieved independence in 1776". This matches "major powers" and "economies".

    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and 2 synsets.
        *   Sense 1 synset: {United States, United States of America, America, the States, US, USA}
        *   Sense 2 synset: {United States government, U.S. government, U.S.}
    *   The target form is "United States". This surface form appears in the synset for Sense 1. It does *not* appear in the synset for Sense 2 (which has "United States government", not "United States").
    *   Wait, WordNet structure often allows lemmas to belong to multiple synsets.
    *   Lemma `united_states` maps to Sense 1.
    *   Does Lemma `united_states` map to Sense 2?
    *   Checking standard WordNet (3.0/3.1):
        *   Synset 1: `United_States.n.01` (The country). Members: United States, United States of America, America, the States, US, USA.
        *   Synset 2: `United_States.n.02` (The government). Members: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
    *   Note the synset members. Sense 2's synset members are "United States government", "U.S. government", "U.S.". "United States" (as a phrase alone) is typically *not* a member of the Sense 2 synset in WordNet, although the definition is about the government.
    *   If the lemma `united_states` is provided as the target, and Sense 2's synset does not contain the string "United States" (only "United States government"), then Sense 1 is the only viable option based on lexical entry, unless the sense inventory provided in the prompt implies otherwise.
    *   Let's check the provided definitions in the prompt again.
        *   Sense 1: `united_states%1:15:00::` ... synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA.
        *   Sense 2: `united_states%1:14:00::` ... synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
    *   The prompt explicitly lists `united_states` as the "Target lemma".
    *   Usually, sense keys map to synsets.
    *   If the target surface form is "United States", and the synset for Sense 2 only lists "United States government", "U.S. government", "U.S.", it strongly suggests that "United States" (the bare phrase) maps to Sense 1 (the country).
    *   Metonymy allows "The White House" to refer to the President/Government. But "United States" is the standard name of the country. "United States Government" is the name of the institution.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. The context describes the country acting as a geopolitical power.

    *   Let's review the context again just to be absolutely sure.
    *   "China and United States feuding..."
    *   "saving individual economies..."
    *   "major powers..."
    *   These are attributes of nations (Sense 1), not just the government apparatus (Sense 2). The government apparatus doesn't have an "economy" or "power" in the same way the nation does. The government manages the economy; the nation *has* the economy.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.

    Decision: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obligation
Target surface form: obligations
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective <t>obligations</t> while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obligation%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=duty, responsibility | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=obligation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being obligated to do or pay something | examples=he is under an obligation to finish the job
3. sense_key=obligation%1:24:00:: | definition=a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor | synonyms=indebtedness
4. sense_key=obligation%1:21:00:: | definition=a written promise to repay a debt | synonyms=debt instrument, certificate of indebtedness
5. sense_key=obligation%1:10:00:: | definition=a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "obligations" in the provided context.
Target lemma: obligation.
Target surface form: obligations.

Context analysis:
The context discusses international climate negotiations (likely Copenhagen or similar).
Key players: U.S., China, industrialized countries, emerging economies.
The specific sentence is: "...with China and United States feuding over their respective <t>obligations</t> while poorer nations insist..."
The context discusses who should do what, who should pay, and the moral/political duties of nations regarding emission cuts.
The phrase "feuding over their respective obligations" refers to what these nations are required or expected to do in terms of reducing emissions or funding climate efforts. It's about duties and responsibilities in a political/social context, not a financial instrument (debt) or a personal favor.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

Sense 1:
Definition: the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force.
Synonyms: duty, responsibility.
Examples: "we must instill a sense of duty...", "every right implies a responsibility".
Analysis: This sense focuses on duty, moral or social responsibility. In the context, China and the US are arguing about what their duties are regarding climate action. This fits well with the idea of "responsibilities" or "duties" of nations. The context mentions "voluntary ones" vs "binding cuts", but the feud is about what they *should* do. Synonyms "duty" and "responsibility" fit the context of diplomatic negotiations about burden-sharing.

Sense 2:
Definition: the state of being obligated to do or pay something.
Examples: "he is under an obligation to finish the job".
Analysis: This is very similar to Sense 1 but emphasizes the *state* of being bound. Sense 1 focuses on the force/duty itself. The distinction is often subtle in WordNet. Sense 1 is often used for the abstract concept of duty/responsibility. Sense 2 is often used for specific instances of being bound (under an obligation). Here, they are feuding over "their respective obligations" – meaning the specific duties/responsibilities each has. Sense 1's synonyms (duty, responsibility) align very strongly with the diplomatic context of "responsibilities" or "duties". Sense 2 is more about the condition. "Feuding over their respective duties" makes more sense than "feuding over their respective states of being obligated". Sense 1 seems the stronger fit for the noun phrase referring to the content of the duty.

Sense 3:
Definition: a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor.
Synonyms: indebtedness.
Analysis: This refers to personal gratitude or debt for a favor. This is not applicable to nation-states in a diplomatic negotiation context.

Sense 4:
Definition: a written promise to repay a debt.
Synonyms: debt instrument, certificate of indebtedness.
Analysis: Financial/legal instrument. The context discusses money ("bear the costs"), but "obligations" here refers to the actions required (cuts, funding), not a bond or financial security. The US complains about funding China, but the "obligations" they feud over are the broader duties to act on climate.

Sense 5:
Definition: a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply.
Analysis: While there are legal aspects to treaties, this sense implies a specific legal contract/agreement. The context describes a negotiation where the nature of these obligations (voluntary vs binding) is being fought over. "Feuding over their respective obligations" refers to the duties themselves (Sense 1). If it meant the legal document, it might fit Sense 5, but usually, diplomatic discussions talk about "responsibilities" and "duties" (Sense 1).

Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1: "duty", "responsibility".
Sense 2: "state of being obligated".
Sentence: "...feuding over their respective [obligations]..."
Substituting synonyms:
"...feuding over their respective [duties]..." -> Makes sense.
"...feuding over their respective [responsibilities]..." -> Makes sense.
"...feuding over their respective [states of being obligated]..." -> Clunky.
"...feuding over their respective [legal agreements]..." -> Possible, but the text distinguishes between "voluntary" and "binding", suggesting the *content* of what they must do (the duty) is the issue, not the specific legal document.
WordNet Sense 1 is the general "duty/responsibility" sense.
The text mentions "voluntary ones... if they were not funded...". The dispute is about what is required of them. This is the definition of "duty" or "responsibility".
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Sense 1 defines "obligation" as a social force binding one to action (duty/responsibility). The context is about the moral/political pressure on nations to act.

Decision: Sense 1.

Format requirement: JSON object {"sense_index": X}.