[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate <t>share</t> of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=portion, part, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
2. sense_key=share%1:21:01:: | definition=any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate | examples=he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price
3. sense_key=share%1:04:00:: | definition=the allotment of some amount by dividing something | synonyms=parcel, portion | examples=death gets more than its share of attention from theologians
4. sense_key=share%1:04:01:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, part | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
5. sense_key=share%1:06:00:: | definition=a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil | synonyms=plowshare, ploughshare

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: `share` (noun).
    *   Context sentence: "To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate <t>share</t> of power in Congress since 1932..."
    *   Key phrase: "disproportionate share of power".
    *   Meaning in context: This refers to a portion, part, or amount of something abstract ("power"). It implies a quantitative or qualitative allotment.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (share%1:21:00::):**
        *   Definition: "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group"
        *   Synonyms: portion, part, percentage
        *   Examples: "he wanted his share in cash"
        *   Analysis: This usually refers to financial assets or material goods due to someone. While synonyms like "portion" or "part" fit the general idea, the specific definition mentions "assets". "Power" isn't exactly a financial asset, though it is a resource. Let's look closer. The definition focuses on *belonging* or *due*. The context is about holding a portion of power.

    *   **Sense 2 (share%1:21:01::):**
        *   Definition: "any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided..."
        *   Examples: "he bought 100 shares of IBM..."
        *   Analysis: Clearly financial stock market sense. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3 (share%1:04:00::):**
        *   Definition: "the allotment of some amount by dividing something"
        *   Synonyms: parcel, portion
        *   Examples: "death gets more than its share of attention from theologians"
        *   Analysis: The example "death gets more than its share of attention" involves an abstract concept (attention). The definition talks about an "allotment of some amount". "Held a disproportionate share of power" aligns well with the idea of an allotment or portion of an abstract whole. The synset 1:21:00 (assets) is often a hyponym of this broader concept, but 1:04:00 is the general noun for "portion" or "allotment". Let's check the WordNet hierarchy.
        *   In WordNet, `share` (n) often branches into the "assets" sense and the "allotment" sense.
        *   Context: "disproportionate share of power".
        *   Sense 1 (1:21:00) is defined specifically around *assets*.
        *   Sense 3 (1:04:00) is defined as "the allotment of some amount". This is more abstract and fits "power" better than the "assets" definition.

    *   **Sense 4 (share%1:04:01::):**
        *   Definition: "the part played by a person in bringing about a result"
        *   Synonyms: contribution, part
        *   Examples: "I am proud of my contribution..."
        *   Analysis: This is the "doing one's share" sense. It refers to action/contribution, not possession of a resource/power. The context says "held a disproportionate share of power", which implies possession/amount, not contribution/action.

    *   **Sense 5 (share%1:06:00::):**
        *   Definition: "a sharp steel wedge..."
        *   Analysis: Plowshare. Incorrect.

3.  **Disambiguation between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Context: "held a disproportionate share of power".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "assets belonging to or due to...".
    *   Sense 3 definition: "the allotment of some amount by dividing something". Synonyms: parcel, portion.
    *   WordNet 3.0/3.1 structure:
        *   1:21:00 (`assets`) is a specific type of possession.
        *   1:04:00 (`allotment`) is the general act or result of allotting (a portion).
    *   Usage of "share of power": Power is an abstract resource, not a financial asset. The phrase "share of power" is analogous to "share of the market" or "share of attention".
    *   The example for Sense 3 is "death gets more than its share of attention". This is very similar structurally to "held a disproportionate share of power". Both treat abstract nouns (attention, power) as divisible wholes.
    *   Sense 1 usually implies a right to possess or a tangible division of property (e.g., inheritance, profits). While synonyms for Sense 1 include "portion", the definition restricts it to "assets".
    *   Sense 3 (1:04:00) is the general noun for "portion" or "allotment". "Power" fits "allotment of some amount" better than "assets".

    Let's double check WordNet mappings.
    *   In WordNet 3.0:
        *   `share%1:21:00` is the "assets belonging to..." sense.
        *   `share%1:04:00` is the "the allotment of some amount..." sense.
    *   Is "power" an asset? In political science, yes, metaphorically. But is it an "asset" in the WordNet sense? Usually, WordNet separates financial/property senses (1:21:00) from general portion/allotment senses (1:04:00).
    *   "Disproportionate share" suggests an allotment or portion.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 synonyms: parcel, portion.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 synonyms: portion, part, percentage.
    *   The crucial differentiator is the definition. "Assets" vs "Allotment of some amount".
    *   "Held a disproportionate share of power" refers to the amount of power allotted to or possessed by them.
    *   However, Sense 3's definition is "the allotment of some amount by dividing something".
    *   Sense 3 example: "death gets more than its share of attention". Here, "share" refers to the *portion* received.
    *   Context: "held a disproportionate share of power". Here, "share" refers to the *portion* held.
    *   The concept is "portion". Sense 1 defines it as "assets ... contributed by an individual". Sense 3 defines it as "allotment of some amount".
    *   Since "power" is not a financial asset or property in the strict sense (though metaphorically similar), Sense 3 seems more appropriate for abstract concepts like "attention" or "power".

    Wait, let's look closer at Sense 1. Synonyms: portion, part, percentage. Definition: assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group.
    Example: "he wanted his share in cash".
    If we look at `share%1:04:00`, synonyms: parcel, portion. Definition: the allotment of some amount by dividing something.
    The word "portion" appears in both. This is a classic WordNet proximity issue.
    Usually, Sense 1 (1:21:00) is used for "share of the profits", "share of the estate", etc.
    Sense 3 (1:04:00) is used for "share of the work", "share of the blame", "share of attention", "share of power".
    Why? Because "work", "blame", "attention", and "power" are not "assets". They are divisible amounts/quantities.
    Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice for abstract nouns.

    Let's verify Sense 3 indexing.
    Sense 1: assets (profit, inheritance).
    Sense 3: allotment (work, blame, attention, power).
    Context: "disproportionate share of power".
    Conclusion: Sense 3 is the correct match.

4.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "held a disproportionate share of power".
    *   Sense 3 definition: "the allotment of some amount by dividing something".
    *   Sense 3 example: "death gets more than its share of attention".
    *   The structural and semantic analogy between "share of attention" and "share of power" confirms Sense 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: power
Target surface form: power
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of <t>power</t> in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=power%1:07:00:: | definition=possession of controlling influence | synonyms=powerfulness | examples=the deterrent power of nuclear weapons; the power of his love saved her
2. sense_key=power%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second)
3. sense_key=power%1:09:01:: | definition=possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done | synonyms=ability | examples=danger heightened his powers of discrimination
4. sense_key=power%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=office | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=power%1:18:00:: | definition=one possessing or exercising power or influence or authority | synonyms=force | examples=the mysterious presence of an evil power; may the force be with you
6. sense_key=power%1:10:00:: | definition=a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself | synonyms=exponent, index
7. sense_key=power%1:07:02:: | definition=physical strength | synonyms=might, mightiness
8. sense_key=power%1:14:00:: | definition=a state powerful enough to influence events throughout the world | synonyms=world power, major power, great power, superpower
9. sense_key=power%1:18:01:: | definition=a very wealthy or powerful businessman | synonyms=baron, big businessman, business leader, king, magnate, mogul | examples=an oil baron

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *power*
    *   Target surface form: *power*
    *   Context sentence: "To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of **power** in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies..."
    *   Key phrases: "Democratic legislators", "held a disproportionate share of power in Congress", "translate such clout". The context is clearly about political influence, authority, and the ability to control legislative outcomes.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   1. `power%1:07:00::` | definition=possession of controlling influence | synonyms=powerfulness | examples="the deterrent power of nuclear weapons".
        *   This is close. It's about controlling influence. However, the context specifically mentions legislators holding a share of power within a political body (Congress).

    *   2. `power%1:19:00::` | definition=(physics) the rate of doing work...
        *   Incorrect. Not physics.

    *   3. `power%1:09:01::` | definition=possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something... | synonyms=ability.
        *   Incorrect. This refers to personal ability/capacity, not political authority.

    *   4. `power%1:26:00::` | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=office | examples="being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage".
        *   This definition talks about "being in power" as holding an office. The context says they "held a disproportionate share of **power**". The example "being in office" aligns with the context of legislators in Congress. This sense refers to the *status* or *authority* associated with holding a political position. The synonym "office" is relevant here. While usually phrased as "in power", "holding power" is a very common collocation for this sense (the authority vested in the office). Let's look at sense 1 again.

    *   5. `power%1:18:00::` | definition=one possessing or exercising power or influence or authority | synonyms=force | examples="mysterious presence of an evil power".
        *   Incorrect. This refers to a *person* or *entity* (noun count). "a share of power" uses power as a mass noun here, referring to the abstract concept, not the people themselves.

    *   6. `power%1:10:00::` | definition=a mathematical notation...
        *   Incorrect.

    *   7. `power%1:07:02::` | definition=physical strength...
        *   Incorrect.

    *   8. `power%1:14:00::` | definition=a state powerful enough to influence events throughout the world...
        *   Incorrect. This refers to a nation-state (e.g., "a superpower").

    *   9. `power%1:18:01::` | definition=a very wealthy or powerful businessman...
        *   Incorrect.

3.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 4.**

    *   Sense 1: "possession of controlling influence".
    *   Sense 4: "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power".

    The context is: "held a disproportionate share of **power** in Congress".
    "Clout" is used as a synonym in the subsequent clause ("translate such clout").
    Sense 1 examples: "deterrent power of nuclear weapons", "power of his love". These suggest a more general influence or capability.
    Sense 4 examples: "being in office", "during his first year in office". This specifically links "power" to political office/authority.

    Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy.
    Sense 1 (01:07:00) is a very general top-level concept (possession of controlling influence).
    Sense 4 (01:26:00) is often hyponymic or related to specific political contexts. However, looking at standard WordNet entries (3.0 or 3.1), let's check the definitions provided in the prompt again.

    Definition 4: "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power".
    Synonyms: office.

    Definition 1: "possession of controlling influence".
    Synonyms: powerfulness.

    Context: "Democratic legislators... held a disproportionate share of power in Congress".
    This refers to political authority/control. The usage "share of power" refers to the influence derived from their position.

    Does "power" here mean "office" (Sense 4)? Usually, we say "The party in power". Here, it says "held a share of power". While "office" is a synonym for Sense 4, "held a share of office" sounds slightly odd compared to "held a share of power" (influence).
    However, Sense 1 ("possession of controlling influence") fits the general meaning of "political clout" or "authority".

    Let's look at the mapping of "political power".
    If I check WordNet for "power" in a political context (often `power%1:07:00::` is the general "influence" sense).
    Is there a specific "political power" sense in this list?
    Let's re-read the senses.
    Sense 1: "possession of controlling influence". This fits "clout" perfectly.
    Sense 4: "holding an office means being in power". This definition is phrased as a usage note ("being in power"). It defines the *state* of holding power. "Held a share of power" refers to the *quantity* of influence they possess, not just the state of being in office.

    Actually, let's look closer at Sense 1. The examples are "deterrent power" and "power of his love". These are general.
    The phrase "held a disproportionate share of power" refers to political control.

    Let's consider if Sense 4 is the intended target. The definition says "holding an office means being in power". Synonyms: "office".
    If the text said "The Democrats held power", Sense 4 might be applicable.
    But the text says "held a share of power". This quantifies the influence. You don't usually say "held a share of office" in this sense. You say "held a share of the influence".
    Therefore, Sense 1 (possession of controlling influence) is the core meaning.

    Let's double check if WordNet distinguishes "political power" specifically.
    In WordNet 3.0:
    `power` (n) 1: possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done... (ability) -> This is Sense 3 in the prompt.
    `power` (n) 2: ability: the quality of having the means or skill to do something... (NOT in prompt, or merged)
    `power` (n) ... `power` (n) 5: (of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power... (Sense 4 in prompt).
    `power` (n) possession of controlling influence; "the deterrent power of nuclear weapons" (Sense 1 in prompt).

    "Political power" often falls under the "controlling influence" definition.
    Example: "They held the power" -> often Sense 4 (state of being in power).
    Example: "They held a lot of power" -> usually Sense 1 (the influence itself).

    The text: "held a disproportionate share of power ... and have been able to translate such clout..."
    "Clout" means influence/pull. This aligns with Sense 1 ("possession of controlling influence").
    Sense 4 defines the state ("being in power"). The text describes the *amount* or *extent* of influence they held ("disproportionate share"). This quantification suggests the mass noun concept of influence (Sense 1) rather than the state of being in office (Sense 4).

    However, sometimes Sense 4 is broadened in annotation tasks to cover political power. But the synonym "office" for Sense 4 strongly suggests it refers to the position itself ("The presidency is a high office").
    "Held a share of power" -> "Held a share of influence". This maps to Sense 1.

    Let's look at Sense 5. "One possessing...". No, it's a mass noun here.

    Let's reconsider Sense 4. "holding an office means being in power". If I hold power, I have influence. But the synonym "office" is distinct from "influence". Sense 4 is about the status/position. The text is about the ability to deliver benefits ("translate such clout"). This requires influence (Sense 1).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    Let's verify Sense 1 again.
    Definition: "possession of controlling influence".
    Context: "held a disproportionate share of power". "Translate such clout".
    "Clout" = "controlling influence".
    The text talks about their influence in Congress.
    This fits Sense 1 perfectly.

    Let's check if Sense 4 is a trap.
    Context: "Democratic legislators... held a ... share of power in Congress".
    If it meant "office", it would be "held a disproportionate share of *offices*".
    Since it is singular "power" and modified by "disproportionate share", it refers to the abstract concept of influence/strength/authority.

    Therefore:
    Sense 1: possession of controlling influence. Correct.
    Sense 4: holding an office / state of being in power. Incorrect (grammatically and semantically distinct here).

    Final decision: Sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: able
Target surface form: able
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been <t>able</t> to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=able%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim; she was able to program her computer
2. sense_key=able%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=capable | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
3. sense_key=able%5:00:00:capable:00 | definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet
4. sense_key=able%5:00:00:fit:01 | definition=having a strong healthy body | synonyms=able-bodied | examples=an able seaman; every able-bodied young man served in the army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *able*
    *   Context sentence: "To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been <t>able</t> to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies..."
    *   Syntactic structure: "have been <t>able</t> to translate". This is the construction "be able to [verb]".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `able%3:00:00::` | Definition: "(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something" | Examples: "able to swim", "able to program her computer".
        *   *Key features:* This sense specifically mentions the construction "usually followed by `to`" and focuses on having the means, skill, or authority to perform an action. It matches the syntactic environment "able to translate".

    *   **Sense 2:** `able%5:00:00:competent:00` | Definition: "have the skills and qualifications to do things well" | Synonyms: capable | Examples: "able teachers", "a capable administrator".
        *   *Key features:* This is an adjective used attributively (before a noun) to describe a person's general competence. It doesn't fit the "able to [verb]" construction as well as Sense 1, which explicitly calls out that syntax. Sense 2 is more about general competence (an able teacher) rather than the specific capacity to perform a specific act at a specific time.

    *   **Sense 3:** `able%5:00:00:capable:00` | Definition: "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity" | Examples: "able to learn", "human beings are able to walk on two feet".
        *   *Key features:* This focuses on inherent capacity. While it does use the "able to [verb]" construction in examples, the context here is about politicians using power ("clout") to achieve a specific outcome ("translate... into benefits"). This is about the *means* or *opportunity* provided by their power, rather than an inherent physical/mental trait like walking or learning.

    *   **Sense 4:** `able%5:00:00:fit:01` | Definition: "having a strong healthy body" | Synonyms: able-bodied | Examples: "an able seaman".
        *   *Key features:* Physical fitness. Clearly irrelevant here.

3.  **Compare Context with Best Candidates:**
    *   The sentence says legislators "have been able to translate such clout into... benefits."
    *   They had the power (means/authority) to do it.
    *   Sense 1 definition explicitly mentions "having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something". The "authority" or "means" part fits perfectly with having "clout" or power.
    *   Sense 1 definition explicitly notes "usually followed by `to`", which matches the text.
    *   Sense 2 is attributive (able teachers).
    *   Sense 3 is inherent capacity (able to walk). While "able to translate" fits the syntax, the semantics are better captured by "having the means/authority" (Sense 1) rather than "inherent physical/mental ability" (Sense 3). The ability to translate clout into benefits comes from their position/power, not just inherent capability.

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Sense 1 captures the specific "able to [verb]" construction and the meaning of having the means/authority (clout) to perform the action.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: translate
Target surface form: translate
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to <t>translate</t> such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=translate%2:32:00:: | definition=restate (words) from one language into another language | synonyms=interpret, render | examples=I have to translate when my in-laws from Austria visit the U.S.; Can you interpret the speech of the visiting dignitaries?
2. sense_key=translate%2:30:01:: | definition=change from one form or medium into another | synonyms=transform | examples=Braque translated collage into oil
3. sense_key=translate%2:31:00:: | definition=make sense of a language | synonyms=understand, read, interpret | examples=She understands French; Can you read Greek?
4. sense_key=translate%2:35:00:: | definition=bring to a certain spiritual state
5. sense_key=translate%2:30:00:: | definition=change the position of (figures or bodies) in space without rotation
6. sense_key=translate%2:42:03:: | definition=be equivalent in effect | examples=the growth in income translates into greater purchasing power
7. sense_key=translate%2:42:00:: | definition=be translatable, or be translatable in a certain way | examples=poetry often does not translate; Tolstoy's novels translate well into English
8. sense_key=translate%2:38:04:: | definition=subject to movement in which every part of the body moves parallel to and the same distance as every other point on the body
9. sense_key=translate%2:32:06:: | definition=express, as in simple and less technical language | examples=Can you translate the instructions in this manual for a layman?; Is there a need to translate the psychiatrist's remarks?
10. sense_key=translate%2:32:05:: | definition=determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis by using information on the messenger RNA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to <t>translate</t> such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies..."
    *   Subject: "Democratic legislators" (specifically their power/clout).
    *   Object: "such clout".
    *   Result/Goal: "into relatively more local benefits".
    *   Meaning: The legislators are converting their abstract power ("clout") into concrete results ("local benefits").

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1:* "restate (words) from one language into another language". (Linguistic translation). No language change involved here.
    *   *Sense 2:* "change from one form or medium into another". Synonyms: transform. Example: "Braque translated collage into oil". This looks promising. It involves converting one thing (clout) into another (benefits), similar to transforming a medium.
    *   *Sense 3:* "make sense of a language". Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 4:* "bring to a certain spiritual state". Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 5:* "change the position of (figures or bodies) in space without rotation". Physics/geometry meaning. Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 6:* "be equivalent in effect". Example: "the growth in income translates into greater purchasing power". This is very close. It describes a relationship where one thing leads to or results in another. However, in the target sentence, the subject is an agent ("Democratic legislators") performing an action ("have been able to translate"). Sense 6 usually implies an automatic equivalence or intransitive/inherent property ("X translates into Y"), whereas the context implies an active conversion ("translating clout into benefits"). Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 6.
        *   Sense 2 (change from one form/medium into another/transform) is transitive and implies an active process. The legislators actively transformed their power into benefits.
        *   Sense 6 (be equivalent in effect) is often used intransitively or passively ("poetry translates well", "growth translates into..."). The context "have been able to translate such clout into..." implies an active agent performing a transformation.
    *   *Sense 7:* "be translatable". Intransitive. Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 8:* "subject to movement...". Physics. Not relevant.
    *   *Sense 9:* "express, as in simple and less technical language". Explanation. Not the primary meaning here; it's about converting power to benefits, not simplifying language.
    *   *Sense 10:* Biology (protein synthesis). Not relevant.

3.  **Refine Choice between Sense 2 and Sense 6:**
    *   Context: "...able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits..."
    *   Sense 2: "change from one form or medium into another". Synonym: transform. This fits the structure "translate X into Y" where X is a resource/medium (clout) and Y is a result (benefits).
    *   Sense 6: "be equivalent in effect". Example: "the growth in income translates into greater purchasing power". The example is intransitive usage (no direct object). The target sentence has a direct object ("such clout"). "He translated his clout into benefits" fits the "transform/change" definition (Sense 2) better than the "be equivalent in effect" definition (Sense 6), which usually describes a state of affairs rather than an agent's action.

    Wait, let me check the WordNet hierarchy or definitions more carefully if possible (mentally).
    WordNet 3.0 or 3.1.
    Sense 2: "change from one form or medium into another".
    Sense 6: "be equivalent in effect".

    Let's look at the specific phrasing: "translate clout into benefits".
    This is a metaphorical application of the linguistic sense (Sense 1) or the transformation sense (Sense 2).
    Often, "translate X into Y" where X is an abstract concept and Y is a concrete outcome is defined under Sense 2 (transform) or Sense 6.
    However, Sense 6 ("be equivalent in effect") often appears as "X translates into Y" (intransitive).
    Sense 2 ("change from one form...") is transitive. "He translated the idea into action."
    The text says "have been able to translate such clout...". This is transitive.
    Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit for the grammatical structure and semantic meaning of active transformation.

    Let's re-read Sense 6's definition: "be equivalent in effect".
    Let's re-read Sense 2's definition: "change from one form or medium into another".
    The example for Sense 2 is "Braque translated collage into oil". This is an agent changing one medium to another.
    The context involves agents (legislators) changing a resource (clout) into a result (benefits).
    This aligns perfectly with Sense 2.

    Let's consider if Sense 6 covers transitive usage.
    Usually, WordNet separates transitive "change/transform" senses from intransitive "result in/equivalence" senses.
    The specific gloss for Sense 6 "be equivalent in effect" suggests a stative or intransitive reading ("A translates to B").
    The specific gloss for Sense 2 "change from one form..." suggests an active, transitive reading ("Someone translates A into B").
    The context is active and transitive: "legislators... translate... clout into... benefits".

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

    Let's double check Sense 9: "express, as in simple and less technical language".
    This is "translating" in the sense of "interpreting/explaining".
    "Translate clout into benefits" is not explaining clout; it is converting it. So Sense 9 is out.

    Result: Sense 2.

    Index calculation:
    1 -> translate%2:32:00::
    2 -> translate%2:30:01::  <-- This is the one.
    3 -> translate%2:31:00::
    ...
    6 -> translate%2:42:03::

    The list provided in the prompt is numbered 1 through 10.
    Sense 2 corresponds to "translate%2:30:01::".
    Definition: "change from one form or medium into another".
    Synonyms: "transform".
    Example: "Braque translated collage into oil".

    Target context: "translate such clout into relatively more local benefits".
    Clout (power) -> Benefits.
    Transformation/Conversion.
    Matches Sense 2.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more <t>local</t> benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: local
    *   Target surface form: local
    *   Context snippet: "...have been able to translate such clout into relatively more <t>local</t> benefits for their respective constituencies..."
    *   Full context summary: The text discusses political dynamics in the US, specifically regarding the Republican and Democratic parties, congressional roles, and the South. The specific sentence talks about Southern Democratic legislators using their power in Congress to secure benefits for their constituencies. The phrase is "local benefits".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `local%3:00:01::` - Definition: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area". Examples: "local taxes", "local authorities". This sense contrasts local vs. national/federal.
    *   Sense 2: `local%3:01:01::` - Definition: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood". Examples: "local customs", "local schools". This sense emphasizes characteristics specific to a place.
    *   Sense 3: `local%3:00:02::` - Definition: "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body". Examples: "local anesthesia". This is a medical sense.

3.  **Evaluate senses against context:**
    *   Sense 3 is clearly incorrect as the context is political science, not medicine.
    *   The phrase is "local benefits for their respective constituencies".
    *   Context: The legislators have power in Congress (national level) and translate that clout into benefits for their constituencies (districts/states).
    *   Contrast: The broader text contrasts "national policy making" with the interests of specific constituencies. The "prisoner's dilemma" and "partisan role" discussions revolve around the tension between national party goals and local/district interests.
    *   "Local benefits" here means benefits directed specifically to the district or town or area the legislator represents, as opposed to national benefits or policy achievements that affect the whole country. It refers to the administration or jurisdiction of a specific district (constituency).
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area". This fits the concept of "pork-barrel" politics or specific funding/projects for a district. The contrast in the text is between "national policy making" (larger area) and benefits for the constituency (district). This aligns perfectly with Sense 1's definition of "district rather than a larger area".
    *   Sense 2 focuses on "characteristic of a particular locality". While the benefits might be characteristic, the primary meaning here is spatial/political jurisdiction (the district level vs the national level). "Local benefits" usually implies benefits restricted to a specific administrative area.
    *   Let's check the examples. Sense 1 examples: "local taxes", "local authorities". Sense 2 examples: "local customs". "Local benefits" in a political context is closer to "local taxes/authorities" (administrative/political unit) than "local customs" (cultural attribute). The benefits are government appropriations for a specific district.
    *   The definition of Sense 1 ("concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area") captures the political science usage of "local" benefits (pork) brought back from the national legislature to the specific district.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 captures the "district vs. national" distinction crucial to the political context.
    *   Sense 3 is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 is about characteristics or neighborhood feel, less about political administration/jurisdiction.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefits
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local <t>benefits</t> for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: benefit
    *   Surface form: benefits (plural noun)

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "...Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local <t>benefits</t> for their respective constituencies..."
    *   Key elements:
        *   "Democratic legislators"
        *   "power in Congress"
        *   "clout"
        *   "local [benefits]"
        *   "constituencies" (voters/districts)
    *   Meaning: The legislators use their political power to bring good things (resources, projects, favorable policies) back to their home districts.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `benefit%1:21:00::` | definition="financial assistance in time of need"
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to something like unemployment benefits or welfare payments specifically to help in a crisis or need. While "financial assistance" is involved in some government benefits, the context speaks broadly about "local benefits" derived from "clout" and "power" for constituencies. This is usually called "pork-barrel" spending or constituent services. It's broader than just "time of need" assistance. It's often about "bringing home the bacon."

    *   **Sense 2:** `benefit%1:07:00::` | definition="something that aids or promotes well-being" | synonyms=welfare | examples="for the benefit of all"
        *   *Analysis:* This is the general sense of "advantage," "good," or "well-being." In political science contexts (which this text clearly is), "local benefits" refers to tangible goods, services, projects, or advantageous policies (promoting well-being/interest) secured for a specific district. The definition "something that aids or promotes well-being" fits the general concept of politicians delivering advantages to their voters. The synonym "welfare" here is used in the broad sense of "general good/well-being" rather than just "welfare checks." The phrase "local benefits" implies advantages or improvements for the local area. This sense captures the broad idea of an advantage or positive outcome provided to the constituencies.

    *   **Sense 3:** `benefit%1:10:00::` | definition="a performance to raise money for a charitable cause"
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to a specific event (a "benefit concert"). This is clearly incorrect for "local benefits" provided by legislators to constituencies.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is specific to financial assistance in times of need (like social security benefits).
    *   Sense 2 is the general concept of something good/advantageous that promotes well-being.
    *   Context: "translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies." This refers to the general concept of constituent service or "pork." These "benefits" aid the well-being of the constituency. Sense 1 is too narrow (specifically about financial assistance during hardship). Sense 2 captures the idea of "advantage" or "something good" provided to the group.

5.  **Select the Best Fit:**
    *   Sense 2 describes the abstract concept of "benefits" as things that promote well-being or advantage. In the context of political clout and constituencies, this refers to the advantages gained.

6.  **Final Output Formulation:**
    *   The prompt requires a JSON object with the sense index.
    *   Sense 2 is the correct choice.

    {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: had
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have <t>had</t> an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
2. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
4. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
5. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
6. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
10. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
15. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
16. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
17. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
18. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "had" in the context: "voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office."

Let me analyze this:
- The phrase is "have had an especially strong incentive"
- "Incentive" is an abstract concept - it's a reason or motivation to do something
- This is about possessing/holding an incentive (a reason/motivation)

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" - Examples: "She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters" - This could work for having an incentive abstractly

2. "have as a feature" - This doesn't fit. An incentive isn't a feature of voters.

3. "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" - Examples: "get an idea; experience vertigo" - This doesn't quite fit. Having an incentive isn't exactly an experience.

4. "have ownership or possession of" - Examples: "He owns three houses in Florida" - This is more concrete ownership. An incentive isn't something you own.

5. "cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition" - Doesn't fit.

6. "serve oneself to, or consume regularly" - Doesn't fit.

7. "have a personal or business relationship with someone" - Doesn't fit.

8. "organize or be responsible for" - Doesn't fit.

9. "have left" - Examples: "I have two years left" - This is about remaining amounts, doesn't fit.

10. "be confronted with" - Doesn't fit.

11. "undergo" - Examples: "The stocks had a fast run-up" - This is about experiencing something, doesn't quite fit.

12. "suffer from; be ill with" - Doesn't fit.

13. "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" - Doesn't fit.

14. "receive willingly something given or offered" - Doesn't fit.

15. "get something; come into possession of" - Doesn't fit well.

16. "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" - Doesn't fit.

17. "achieve a point or goal" - Doesn't fit.

18. "cause to be born" - Doesn't fit.

19. "have sex with" - Doesn't fit.

The best fit seems to be sense 1: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense". Having an incentive is having/possessing something in an abstract sense. The voters possess or hold an incentive - they have a reason/motivation to keep Democrats in office.

Sense 1 explicitly mentions "either in a concrete or an abstract sense" and having an incentive is an abstract possession - you have a reason, a motivation, an incentive.

So the answer should be sense_index: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: strong
Target surface form: strong
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially <t>strong</t> incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=strong%3:00:00:: | definition=having strength or power greater than average or expected | examples=a strong radio signal; strong medicine
2. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=not faint or feeble | examples=a strong odor of burning rubber
3. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:powerful:00 | definition=having or wielding force or authority | synonyms=potent | examples=providing the ground soldier with increasingly potent weapons
4. sense_key=strong%3:00:04:: | definition=having a strong physiological or chemical effect; ; ; , | synonyms=potent, stiff | examples=a potent toxin; potent liquor
5. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:invulnerable:00 | definition=immune to attack; incapable of being tampered with | synonyms=impregnable, inviolable, secure, unassailable, unattackable | examples=an impregnable fortress; fortifications that made the frontier inviolable
6. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:sound:01 | definition=of good quality and condition; solidly built | synonyms=solid, substantial | examples=a solid foundation; several substantial timber buildings
7. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:irregular:00 | definition=of verbs not having standard (or regular) inflection | examples=`sing' is a strong verb
8. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:alcoholic:00 | definition=being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content | synonyms=hard | examples=hard liquor
9. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=freshly made or left | synonyms=warm | examples=a warm trail; the scent is warm
10. sense_key=strong%5:00:00:forceful:00 | definition=strong and sure | synonyms=firm | examples=a firm grasp; gave a strong pull on the rope

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "strong"
    *   Target surface form: "strong"
    *   Context sentence: "voters in the South have had an especially <t>strong</t> incentive to keep such Democrats in office."
    *   Phrase: "strong incentive".
    *   Meaning in context: The incentive is powerful, compelling, significant, intense. It motivates the action effectively.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `strong%3:00:00::` | "having strength or power greater than average or expected".
        *   Examples: "a strong radio signal", "strong medicine".
        *   Relevance: This is a very general sense. It could apply to "strong incentive" as having power, but let's see if there's a more specific sense regarding intensity or impact.

    *   **Sense 2:** `strong%5:00:00:intense:00` | "not faint or feeble".
        *   Examples: "a strong odor of burning rubber".
        *   Relevance: Usually used for sensory inputs (odors, light, etc.), but "not faint or feeble" could describe an incentive that is significant. However, "intense" is often linked to physical sensation in WordNet examples. Let's check the definition again. "Not faint or feeble" fits well with the idea of a compelling incentive. Is it better than Sense 1?

    *   **Sense 3:** `strong%5:00:00:powerful:00` | "having or wielding force or authority".
        *   Synonyms: "potent".
        *   Examples: "providing the ground soldier with increasingly potent weapons".
        *   Relevance: "Incentive" isn't usually described as "wielding authority". "Potent" is a synonym here, and "potent" is often used with "incentive" (potent incentive), but the definition emphasizes "force or authority".

    *   **Sense 4:** `strong%3:00:04::` | "having a strong physiological or chemical effect".
        *   Synonyms: "potent", "stiff".
        *   Examples: "a potent toxin", "potent liquor".
        *   Relevance: This is specific to physiological or chemical effects. An incentive is abstract/psychological, not chemical (though metaphors exist, this sense is usually literal chemicals/medicine).

    *   **Sense 5:** `strong%5:00:00:invulnerable:00` | "immune to attack".
        *   Relevance: Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `strong%5:00:00:sound:01` | "of good quality and condition; solidly built".
        *   Relevance: Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 7:** `strong%5:00:00:irregular:00` | "of verbs not having standard (or regular) inflection".
        *   Relevance: Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 8:** `strong%5:00:00:alcoholic:00` | "being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content".
        *   Relevance: Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 9:** `strong%5:00:00:fresh:01` | "freshly made or left".
        *   Relevance: Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 10:** `strong%5:00:00:forceful:00` | "strong and sure".
        *   Synonyms: "firm".
        *   Examples: "a firm grasp", "gave a strong pull on the rope".
        *   Relevance: Physical force.

3.  **Re-evaluating the top contenders (Sense 1, Sense 2, Sense 3):**

    *   Context: "strong incentive".
    *   The incentive is compelling, significant, or intense.
    *   Sense 1: "having strength or power greater than average or expected". This is the most generic core sense. If an incentive has "power" over the voter, it fits.
    *   Sense 2: "not faint or feeble". Example: "strong odor". While this definition fits semantically (the incentive is not weak), WordNet examples often steer this towards sensory experience.
    *   Sense 3: "having or wielding force or authority". Example: "potent weapons". Incentives don't wield authority. However, they can be "potent".

    Let's look closer at how WordNet (3.0/3.1) structures "strong".
    Usually, the first sense (or early senses) captures the general "powerful/intense" meaning.
    Sense 1 ("having strength or power greater than average or expected") is the most encompassing.
    Sense 2 ("not faint or feeble") is defined as `intense` in the sense key.
    Is an incentive "intense"? Yes.
    Is an incentive "powerful"? Yes.

    Let's look at synonyms for Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    Sense 1 is the root adjective. It applies to anything having power/strength.
    Sense 2 (intense) is often used for feelings, light, smell, etc. "A strong desire", "a strong emotion". "Incentive" is a motivator, often related to desire or drive.
    However, "strong incentive" often collocates with the meaning of "significant" or "compelling".

    Let's consider Sense 1 again. Definition: "having strength or power greater than average or expected".
    Does an incentive have strength or power? Yes, the power to motivate.
    Is Sense 1 restricted to physical strength? No, the example is "strong radio signal" (physical/energy) and "strong medicine" (effectiveness).

    Let's check Sense 3 again. "having or wielding force or authority". Synonyms: potent.
    "Potent" is a very good synonym for "strong" in the phrase "strong incentive" (meaning effective/powerful).
    However, the definition "wielding force or authority" is slightly awkward for an abstract noun like "incentive", though "potent weapons" is the example.

    Let's check Sense 2 again. "not faint or feeble".
    If something is not feeble, it is effective.

    Let's look at the mapping in WordNet for "strong incentive".
    Common usage: "strong argument", "strong evidence", "strong incentive".
    Usually, these map to the general sense of "having power/force" or "intense".

    In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "strong" modifying abstract nouns like "influence", "support", "belief" often maps to the general sense (Sense 1) or the "intense" sense (Sense 2).

    Let's look at the definitions strictly.
    Sense 1: "having strength or power greater than average or expected".
    Sense 2: "not faint or feeble". Sense key `intense:00`.

    If I have a "strong incentive", it is a powerful incentive. It provides a powerful reason.
    Sense 1 covers "power".
    Sense 2 covers "intensity" (not faint).

    "Incentive" is an abstract force.
    "Strong argument" -> usually Sense 1 or Sense 3 (persuasive).
    "Strong incentive" -> persuasive/motivating force.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    Sense 3: "having or wielding force or authority" -> synonyms `potent`.
    "Potent" fits "incentive" very well (potent incentive).
    "Potent" means having great power, influence, or effect.
    Sense 1: "having strength or power...".

    The example for Sense 3 is "providing the ground soldier with increasingly potent weapons". This implies physical power/effectiveness.
    The example for Sense 1 includes "strong medicine" (effectiveness).

    Let's look at "strong" in WordNet 3.0.
    1. having strength or power greater than average or expected (strong wind, strong radio signal).
    ...
    (There are many senses).

    Let's check the sense order provided in the prompt.
    Sense 1 is the base "power/strength" sense.
    Sense 3 is "powerful/potent" with definition "having or wielding force or authority".
    Sense 2 is "intense" with definition "not faint or feeble".

    Context: "strong incentive".
    Meaning: The incentive is compelling; it has a powerful effect on the decision-making.

    If we choose Sense 3 (Potent): Does an incentive "wield authority"? No. It exerts influence.
    If we choose Sense 2 (Intense): Is an incentive "not faint"? Yes. Is it "intense"? Somewhat, but "intense" usually describes qualities or sensations.
    If we choose Sense 1 (Power): Does it have power? Yes.

    Let's look for "strong" + abstract noun collocations in WordNet.
    "Strong interest" -> Sense 2 (intense)?
    "Strong support" -> Sense 1 or 3?

    Let's consider the nuance of "especially strong incentive". It emphasizes the magnitude of the motivation.
    Sense 1 definition: "having strength or power greater than average or expected".
    An incentive is a motivating force. Therefore, a "strong incentive" has power/force greater than average. This seems the most robust fit definition-wise, even if "potent" (Sense 3 synonym) is a good synonym. The definition of Sense 3 ("wielding authority") feels slightly off for an inanimate abstract concept like an incentive, whereas Sense 1's "power" is neutral enough.

    However, let's reconsider Sense 2 "not faint or feeble". "A strong odor". This is about the magnitude of a property. An incentive has a magnitude of influence. But usually "strong" as "intense" is Sense 2. In WordNet, Sense 2 is often used for "strong emotion", "strong smell", "strong color".

    Is "incentive" closer to "signal/medicine" (Sense 1) or "odor" (Sense 2)?
    It's a driving force. "Strong wind" (Sense 1). "Strong current" (Sense 1).
    "Strong incentive" functions similarly to a "strong force".
    Therefore, Sense 1 seems the best fit for "having power/force".

    Let's check if there's a specific sense for "persuasive" or "compelling".
    Sense 3 mentions "potent".
    Sense 10 mentions "strong and sure" (physical action).

    Let's refine the choice between 1 and 3.
    Sense 3 synonyms: potent.
    Sense 1 synonyms: (none listed in prompt, but usually associated with powerful).
    Sense 3 definition: "having or wielding force or authority".
    An incentive is a force in the decision-making process. "Wielding" usually implies an agent, but "force" applies.

    However, Sense 1 is the hypernym or the most general sense. "Having strength or power". This covers the abstract power of an incentive.
    "Strong medicine" (Sense 1 example) is something that has a strong effect. An incentive has a strong effect.
    "Strong radio signal" (Sense 1 example) is something that travels far/has power.

    Sense 2 (intense) is usually distinct from Sense 1 (powerful).
    "Strong coffee" -> usually intense or chemical (Sense 4/8/2).
    "Strong character" -> Sense 1 or specific trait.
    "Strong incentive" -> A powerful inducement.

    Let's look at the provided synonyms for Sense 3: "potent".
    "Potent" is defined in WordNet as "having a strong physiological or chemical effect" OR "having or wielding force or authority".
    The Sense 3 in this prompt corresponds to the "force or authority" branch.
    Does an incentive wield authority? No.
    Does it have force? Yes, a driving force.

    But Sense 1 is "having strength or power".
    Most general usage of "strong" + abstract noun maps to Sense 1 in SemCor when referring to magnitude/power.
    For example, "strong support" -> having power.

    Let's consider the "intense" (Sense 2) angle.
    Is the incentive "intense"? "He had an intense incentive". Sounds weird.
    "He had a strong incentive". Sounds natural.
    "He had a powerful incentive". Sounds natural.
    "He had a potent incentive". Sounds natural.

    "Powerful" maps to Sense 1 or Sense 3.
    If Sense 1 is "having strength or power", then "strong incentive" = "incentive having power". This fits perfectly.
    If Sense 3 is "wielding force or authority", the "authority" part is specific. "A strong leader" (Sense 3). "Strong weapons" (Sense 3 example).
    "Incentive" is a tool or factor, not an agent wielding authority. It exerts force, but Sense 1 ("having power") covers the exertion of force/energy/power more broadly without the specific "wielding" connotation found in Sense 3 examples (weapons, people).

    Wait, "strong weapons" is the example for Sense 3.
    "Strong medicine" is the example for Sense 1.
    "Strong radio signal" is the example for Sense 1.

    Is an incentive more like a weapon or a signal/medicine?
    It's a factor in a process.
    "Strong influence" -> usually Sense 1 or 3.
    In WordNet 3.0, Sense 3 of "strong" (potent/powerful) has the gloss: "having or wielding force or authority".
    "Strong leader" -> Sense 3.
    "Strong army" -> Sense 3.
    "Strong argument" -> ?

    Let's try to find "strong incentive" specifically.
    It means "effective", "compelling".
    Sense 1: "having strength or power greater than average".
    An incentive is a power. A strong incentive is a great power.

    Let's look at Sense 4: "having a strong physiological or chemical effect".
    Sometimes metaphorical uses of "potent" fall here, but the prompt definition restricts it to "physiological or chemical".

    Sense 2: "not faint or feeble".
    Definition: "intense".
    Common for "strong desire", "strong feeling".
    Is "incentive" a feeling? No, it's an external factor that creates a motive.
    Therefore, Sense 2 is less likely than Sense 1 (power).

    Result: Sense 1 is the most general sense for "having power". An incentive is a motivating power.

    Let's double check Sense 3.
    Synonym: Potent.
    Gloss: "having or wielding force or authority".
    Examples: "potent weapons".
    Incentives are tools (like weapons) in a political strategy?
    "To the extent that potential Republican candidates... realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..."
    "...voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive..."
    The incentive is a reason/motivation.
    Does it "wield authority"? No.
    Does it "have force"? Yes.

    Sense 1 gloss: "having strength or power greater than average or expected".
    This fits the magnitude of the incentive. The incentive is powerful (it motivates them effectively).

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 in WordNet 3.0 hierarchy.
    Sense 1 is the top level.
    Sense 3 is a specific type of strong ("powerful").
    Usually, if an object is "strong" meaning "effective/forceful" (like weapons), it is Sense 3.
    If it is "intense" (like feelings/smells), it is Sense 2.
    If it is "sturdy" (like a building), it is Sense 6.

    Is an incentive a "forceful" thing like a weapon?
    It acts as a force.
    However, "strong incentive" is a fixed phrase often meaning "significant" or "compelling reason".
    Compelling = having power to compel.
    Sense 1 covers "having power".

    Let's look at the Sense 2 examples again: "a strong odor of burning rubber".
    This is about the strength of the signal/sensation.
    "Strong incentive" -> strength of the motivation.
    Motivation is an internal drive or external inducement.

    Let's try to rule out Sense 3. The example "potent weapons" suggests physical instruments of power. "Incentive" is abstract. "Strong medicine" (Sense 1) is physical but refers to effect.
    Sense 3 definition "wielding force or authority" is strong on "authority" (people, governments) and "force" (weapons).
    Sense 1 is "having strength or power".
    I lean towards Sense 1 because "power" is the key attribute of an incentive (power to motivate), and Sense 1 is the general sense for "having power". Sense 3 feels more agentive or instrumental in a physical/authoritative way (weapons, leaders).

    Let's check if Sense 2 (intense) is appropriate.
    Intense: "strong emotion", "strong flavor".
    "Strong incentive" isn't usually described as "intense".

    Therefore, Sense 1 seems the correct broad categorization for "strong" meaning "powerful/effective" in an abstract context not covered by the specific "intense" or "chemical" or "alcoholic" senses.

    Let's review Sense 4 ("having a strong physiological or chemical effect").
    Sometimes "strong arguments" or abstract metaphors are mapped here in some ontologies if they use "potent", but the WordNet gloss explicitly says "physiological or chemical". We should respect the gloss constraints. Incentive is not physiological/chemical.

    Let's review Sense 3 ("wielding force or authority").
    Does an incentive wield authority? No.
    Is an incentive a weapon? Metaphorically, maybe, but it's a stretch.

    Let's stick with Sense 1.
    Definition: "having strength or power greater than average or expected".
    A "strong incentive" provides a power/motivation greater than average. It is a significant/powerful reason.
    Examples: "strong radio signal" (powerful signal). "strong medicine" (effective medicine).
    This aligns with "strong incentive" (effective/powerful incentive).

    The choice is between Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    Sense 1 is generic power.
    Sense 3 is specific "potent/powerful" involving force/authority.
    WordNet often puts "strong argument" or "strong influence" under Sense 1 (having power).
    Let's assume Sense 1.

    Reference check (mental simulation of WordNet usage):
    "Strong wind" -> Sense 1.
    "Strong belief" -> Sense 2 (intense) or Sense 1.
    "Strong support" -> Sense 1.
    "Strong leader" -> Sense 3.
    "Strong evidence" -> Sense 1 (having power to prove).
    "Strong incentive" -> Similar to "strong reason/proof". It has power.

    Sense 1 seems the safest and most accurate linguistic fit for "having power" in an abstract context where the specific connotations of Sense 3 (authority/weapons) or Sense 2 (sensory/feeble) or Sense 4 (chemical) don't fully align.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: incentive
Target surface form: incentive
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong <t>incentive</t> to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=incentive%1:16:00:: | definition=a positive motivational influence | synonyms=inducement, motivator
2. sense_key=incentive%1:21:00:: | definition=an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output | synonyms=bonus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "incentive", and the surface form is "incentive".
2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The sentence is: "To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong **incentive** to keep such Democrats in office."
    *   The key phrase is "voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office."
    *   What motivates the voters? The previous clause mentions "translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies".
    *   So, the "incentive" is the reason or motivation for the voters to act (vote for Democrats). It's a positive motivational influence (getting local benefits).
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `incentive%1:16:00::` | definition: "a positive motivational influence" | synonyms: inducement, motivator.
    *   **Sense 2:** `incentive%2:33:00::` (Note: The user prompt says `incentive%1:21:00::` which usually maps to the noun hierarchy, specifically `possession`. Let's check the definition provided in the prompt). The prompt definition is: "an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output" | synonyms: bonus.
4.  **Compare senses to context:**
    *   Sense 2 refers specifically to a financial payment or remuneration to employees to increase output. The context is about voters voting for politicians to get local benefits. This is not a salary or a bonus in the context of employer-employee relations. While "local benefits" might be tangible, the driving force is the *motivation* to vote, not a specific payroll bonus structure.
    *   Sense 1 refers to a "positive motivational influence". The context describes a reason (benefits/clout) that motivates voters to perform an action (keep Democrats in office). This fits perfectly with the general psychological or behavioral definition of an incentive.
5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct choice. It covers the general idea of a motivating factor, whereas Sense 2 is a specific economic/business term regarding employee compensation.
6.  **Formulate the output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is the index number. The index for the first sense provided is 1.

*Self-Correction/Double Check:* Is "local benefits" close enough to "payment"? No. The "incentive" here is the *influence* or *motivation* arising from the benefits. The sentence says "voters... have had an... incentive". This is abstract motivation. Sense 1 is "positive motivational influence". This is the correct match. Sense 2 is too specific (employee bonus).

Final Output: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: keep
Context:
Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to <t>keep</t> such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   **Sentence:** "...voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to <t>keep</t> such Democrats in office."
    *   **Contextual clues:** The sentence discusses voters re-electing politicians ("Democrats") so they stay in their position ("in office"). The object is "such Democrats" and the result is "in office". The action is causing them to remain in a specific role/place (office).
    *   **Semantic nuance:** The voters aren't "possessing" the Democrats (sense 3). They aren't "continuing" an activity in the sense of "keep on working" (sense 2). They are causing someone else to remain in a position.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: keep in a certain state, position, or activity (e.g., keep clean; hold in place).* -> This fits well. "Office" is a position. "Keep [Democrats] in office" matches "keep [object] in [position]".
    *   *Sense 2: continue a certain state... (e.g., Keep on working).* -> This is intransitive or reflexive usually, meaning the subject continues. Here, the subject (voters) causes the object (Democrats) to stay. Not a match.
    *   *Sense 3: retain possession of.* -> Voters don't "possess" Democrats in this sense.
    *   *Sense 4: stop (someone) from doing something.* -> No, they want them *in* office, doing the job.
    *   *Sense 5/6: conform/observe (rules/time).* -> No.
    *   *Sense 7: look after/be keeper.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 8: maintain records.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 9: supply room and board.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 10: allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature (synonyms: retain, continue, keep on).* -> This is a strong contender. The definition "allow to remain in a place or position" fits "keep such Democrats in office". The examples ("We cannot continue several servants", "She retains a lawyer") show maintaining someone in a role/service.
    *   *Sense 11: supply with necessities.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 12/22: spoil/rot.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 13: holidays/rites.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 14: control/check.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 15: safety from danger.* -> Not the primary meaning here; it's about political position.
    *   *Sense 16: raise animals.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 17: retain rights to.* -> No.
    *   *Sense 18/19/20: store/have supply/maintain for use.* -> These refer to objects/tools/locations, not people in office.
    *   *Sense 21: hold and prevent from leaving.* -> This usually implies detention (kept after school).

3.  **Refine between Sense 1 and Sense 10:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "keep in a certain state, position, or activity". Examples: "keep clean", "hold in place". Synonyms: maintain, hold. This is very general.
    *   *Sense 10:* "allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature". Synonyms: retain, continue, keep on. Examples: "We cannot continue several servants any longer".

    Let's look closely at the construction: "keep [person] in [position/role]".
    Sense 1 covers "keep in a certain... position". "Keep him in office" fits this.
    Sense 10 covers "allow to remain in a place or position". "We cannot continue several servants" (keep them employed/in service).

    In WordNet 3.0/3.1 hierarchy:
    Sense 1 (keep%2:42:00::) is a general "maintain" sense.
    Sense 10 (keep%2:41:02::) is specifically "allow to remain...".

    "Keep [person] in office" implies ensuring they stay there (re-electing them).
    Sense 10's example "We cannot continue several servants" implies keeping them employed/in a role. This seems closer to the semantic specificity of "keeping someone in office" than Sense 1's "keep clean" or "hold in place". "Keep clean" is changing/maintaining state. "Keep in office" is allowing/ensuring they remain.

    However, Sense 1 ("keep in a certain state, position, or activity") is often used for causative maintenance of position. "Keep him in power", "Keep him in office".
    Let's check the examples for Sense 10 again: "We cannot continue several servants any longer". Here "continue" is used transitively (meaning keep on the payroll/employment). "She retains a lawyer" (keeps the service of).
    The context "keep such Democrats in office" means ensuring they remain in that political position.

    Is there a distinction between maintaining a state (Sense 1) vs allowing to remain (Sense 10)?
    Sense 1 examples are "keep clean", "hold in place".
    Sense 10 examples are "continue servants", "retain a lawyer".

    "Retain a lawyer" is slightly different (hiring/keeping the service).
    "Keep Democrats in office" is about the politicians' status/position.
    Often, WordNet maps "keep in office/power" to the "maintain in a state/position" sense.
    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity". "Position" is explicitly mentioned.
    Let's look at Sense 10: "allow to remain in a place or position". "Place or position" is also mentioned.

    Let's compare Synonyms:
    Sense 1: maintain, hold.
    Sense 10: retain, continue, keep on.

    If I say "The voters kept the Democrats in office":
    "Hold in place" (Sense 1) seems physically metaphorical but applicable.
    "Retain" (Sense 10) usually applies to the agent keeping the object for themselves (retain a lawyer). Voters don't "retain" Democrats for themselves in the same way one retains a lawyer or servant, though they vote for them.
    "Continue" (Sense 10) fits "We cannot continue several servants" (keep them employed).

    However, Sense 1 is the hypernym or the broad "stative/maintenance" verb. "Keep [X] [Adjective/PrepPhrase]" usually falls under Sense 1.
    Example: "Keep him happy", "Keep the door closed", "Keep him in power".
    WordNet often groups "Keep [X] [Adjective/Location]" under the "maintain/hold" sense (Sense 1).
    The Sense 10 definition includes "maintain a property or feature". The example is "She retains a lawyer".

    Let's look at the FrameNet or OntoNotes style labeling (mentally).
    "Keep" as a causative state maintenance.
    Target: Democrats. Resulting state: in office.
    Sense 1: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity".
    Sense 10: "allow to remain...".

    "Allow to remain" implies passivity (just not removing them). Voters act (vote) to cause the state. "Keep in a certain state... position" implies active maintenance or causation.
    "Keep him in the loop" -> Sense 1.
    "Keep him in office" -> Sense 1.

    Let's verify Sense 10 usage. "The accident kept me from going" (Sense 4).
    "Keep the change" (Sense 3).
    "Keep the room clean" (Sense 1).
    "Keep the servants" (Sense 10 - meaning keep them employed/retain services).

    Does "keep Democrats in office" align more with "keep the room clean" or "keep the servants"?
    "Keep Democrats in office" = Ensure they have the office.
    "Keep servants" = Retain their services.
    "Keep the room clean" = Cause the room to be clean.

    Context: "...incentive to keep such Democrats in office."
    The voters are maintaining the Democrats *in* a position.
    Sense 1 explicitly lists "position" in the definition gloss. Example: "hold in place".
    Sense 10 lists "place or position" in the gloss. Example: "She retains a lawyer".

    "Retain" is the synonym for Sense 10. "Voters retain Democrats in office" sounds slightly odd (usually you retain a right, a possession, or a service provider). You don't usually say "I retained the president". You say "I kept the president in office".
    "Maintain" is the synonym for Sense 1. "Voters maintain Democrats in office". This works. "Maintain in a position".

    Also, Sense 10 often implies "keeping something that you already have" (allowing it to remain rather than getting rid of it). "Cannot continue several servants" (getting rid of them). "Retain a lawyer" (hiring and keeping).
    "Keep such Democrats in office" refers to re-election. The voters (as a collective) are putting them back/keeping them there.

    Sense 1 ("keep in a certain state, position, or activity") seems the standard classification for the construction "Keep + NP + Loc/State".
    Example: "Keep your hands off", "Keep him in suspense", "Keep the engine running".
    All these fall under Sense 1.

    Sense 10 seems more specific to "retaining" things/people you have possession/charge of. The voters don't have "charge" of the Democrats (Sense 7/10 overlap) in that way. They are external agents influencing the state.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the broader and more accurate fit for the syntax "Keep [Object] [Prepositional Phrase of Position/State]".

    Let's double check Sense 10's "allow to remain".
    "Allow" suggests permission. Voters don't "allow" Democrats to remain in office in the sense of granting permission not to leave; they actively facilitate their stay.
    "Keep in a certain state/position" (Sense 1) covers both active maintenance and causation.

    Decision: Sense 1.