[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:**
    *   Lemma: yet
    *   Surface form: yet
    *   Context snippet: "There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The phrase is "as yet unpublished".
    *   "Unpublished" acts as a negative state (or a state of not having happened/been completed).
    *   The meaning is "up to this point in time, the reports are unpublished".
    *   It implies a duration from the past up to the present moment where a certain condition (being unpublished) holds true.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `definition=up to the present time`
        *   Examples: "I have yet to see the results", "details are yet to be worked out".
        *   Analysis: This is close. "I have yet to see" means I haven't seen them up to now. However, WordNet often distinguishes between the construction "have yet to" (sense 1) and the usage with negative adjectives or "not" (sense 2). Let's look at sense 2.

    *   **Sense 2:** `definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time`
        *   Synonyms: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, *as yet*.
        *   Examples: "So far he hasn't called", "the sun isn't up yet".
        *   Analysis: The synonym list explicitly includes "as yet". The definition mentions "used in negative statement". "Unpublished" is a negative concept (not published). The phrase "as yet" functions as a temporal marker equivalent to "up to now". The context "as yet unpublished" fits perfectly here. It describes a situation (unpublished) that has existed up to the present time.

    *   **Sense 3:** `definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons`
        *   Synonyms: even, still.
        *   Examples: "looked sick and felt even worse".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. No comparison is being made.

    *   **Sense 4:** `definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time`
        *   Synonyms: in time.
        *   Examples: "flowers that were yet to show themselves".
        *   Analysis: This refers to the future. "Unpublished" is a current state, not a future event expectation in the same way "yet to show themselves" implies. While "yet to be published" might lean here, "as yet unpublished" emphasizes the duration of the negative state up to now.

    *   **Sense 5:** `definition=used after a superlative`
        *   Synonyms: so far.
        *   Examples: "largest drug bust yet".
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. No superlative is present.

    *   **Sense 6:** `definition=despite anything to the contrary...`
        *   Synonyms: however, nevertheless.
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. This would be a conjunctive adverb (e.g., "It was raining, yet he went out"). Here it is part of an adverbial phrase modifying an adjective.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 examples: "I have yet to see the results". This usually follows "have".
    *   Sense 2 examples: "So far he hasn't called", "sun isn't up yet".
    *   The target phrase is "as yet". In WordNet (and standard usage), "as yet" is an idiom synonymous with "so far" or "up to now" and is typically used with negative polarity items (like "unpublished").
    *   The list of synonyms for Sense 2 explicitly includes "as yet".
    *   The definition for Sense 2 specifically mentions "negative statement" (or negative context, which "unpublished" provides).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the precise match.

5.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Sense 2 matches the definition, synonyms (explicitly lists "as yet"), and the negative context ("unpublished").

6.  **Construct Output:**
    *   JSON format: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DigitalOcean


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form**: The target lemma is "tissue" and the surface form is "tissue".
2.  **Analyze the context**: The context talks about cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin), tumors, genes (p53 suppressor gene), and cells. Specifically, the target word "tissue" appears in the phrase "...missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `tissue%1:08:00::` | Definition: "part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function". This refers to biological tissue (muscle tissue, nervous tissue, etc.).
    *   **Sense 2**: `tissue%1:27:02::` | Definition: "a soft thin (usually translucent) paper" | Synonyms: "tissue paper". This refers to the material used for wrapping gifts or blowing noses (though usually called Kleenex/facial tissue in the latter case).
4.  **Compare context to senses**:
    *   The context discusses medical/biological topics: "cancer tissue", "kidney, brain and skin cancers", "cells taken from lung cancer tissue".
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly. Cancer affects biological tissue. Researchers examine biological tissue. Tissue is made of cells (mentioned earlier in the text: "cells taken from lung cancer tissue").
    *   Sense 2 refers to paper. This is clearly not the meaning in a medical research context regarding cancer.
5.  **Select the best sense**: Sense 1 is the correct biological meaning.
6.  **Format the output**: The user requests a JSON object with the format `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   Therefore, the output should be `{"sense_index": 1}`.

Let's double-check the numbering.
Candidate sense 1: biological tissue.
Candidate sense 2: tissue paper.
Context: "tissue taken from kidney... cancers".
Result: Sense 1.

Final JSON construction: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "...of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   The target word is "taken" (past participle of "take").
    *   The structure is "tissue [taken] from [source]".
    *   The meaning here is about obtaining a sample (tissue) from a larger source (kidney, brain, skin cancers) for examination. It implies removal or extraction.

2.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (carry out):* "take action". Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 2 (require time/space):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 3 (take somebody somewhere):* Movement of people. Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 4 (get into one's hands, take physically):* "Take a cookie". Close, but usually implies grabbing an object, not a medical sample extraction.
    *   *Sense 5 (take on a form):* "voice took on a sad tone". Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 6 (interpret):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 7 (bring/convey):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 8 (take into possession):* "take an orphan". Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 9 (travel):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 10 (select/choose):* "Take any one of these cards". Plausible, as in selecting a sample, but usually "taken from" in a medical context implies physical removal/extraction more than just choice.
    *   *Sense 11 (receive willingly):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 12 (assume roles):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 13 (consider):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 14 (require):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 15 (experience/submit):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 16 (film/shoot):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 17 (remove something concrete/abstract):* "remove a threat; remove a wrapper". This fits very well. Taking tissue from a body is removing it. The synonym "remove" is strong here.
    *   *Sense 18 (consume):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 19 (accept unwillingly):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 20 (make use of/accept):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 21 (take by force):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 22 (occupy position):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 23 (admit to group):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 24 (ascertain by measuring):* "take a pulse". This is close semantically (medical procedure), but "take a pulse" is checking a vital sign, whereas "tissue taken from" is removal/extraction.
    *   *Sense 25 (study):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 26 (undesirable consequence):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 27 (head into direction):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 28 (aim):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 29 (be seized/affected):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 30 (carry on person):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 31 (rent/hire):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 32 (subscribe):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 33 (buy):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 34 (safety/comfort):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 35 (sex):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 36 (claim idea):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 37 (designed to hold):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 38 (capable of holding):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 39 (develop habit):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 40 (proceed in vehicle):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 41 (obtain by winning):* Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 42 (contract illness):* Doesn't fit.

3.  **Refine selection:**
    *   Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract". Synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw.
    *   Context: "tissue taken from kidney...". This describes the extraction or removal of tissue from the body.
    *   Comparison with Sense 4 ("get into one's hands"): Sense 4 is about grabbing. Sense 17 is specifically about removal ("take away", "withdraw"). In medical contexts ("biopsy taken", "tissue taken"), the sense is removal/extraction.
    *   Comparison with Sense 24 ("take a pulse"): This is a specific fixed phrase for measurement, not removal.

    Sense 17 is the best fit. The act of taking a tissue sample is an act of removing it from the body.

    Let's double check if there is a sense for "collecting" or "extracting" specifically.
    WordNet 3.0 (often the basis for these tasks) has `take%2:30:00::` (Sense 17 in this list) defined as "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract".
    Synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw.
    Example: "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper".

    Does "tissue taken from..." map to "remove"?
    Yes. If you take tissue from a kidney, you remove tissue from the kidney.

    Let's look at Sense 10: "pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives".
    Is the text emphasizing the *selection* of specific tissue? Or the *act of obtaining/removing* it?
    The sentence discusses the presence of missing genes in tissue taken from cancers. The act is the extraction. "Biopsies taken" is a standard collocation.
    If I say "I took a cookie from the jar", I removed it.
    If I say "tissue taken from a patient", I removed it.

    Let's look at Sense 24: "ascertain or determine by measuring...". Example: "take a pulse".
    This is for measurements/observations, not physical removal of matter.

    Therefore, Sense 17 is the most accurate representation of the physical removal of the tissue sample.

    Let's re-read Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off".
    "Tissue" is concrete. "Taken from" implies the source is the location it was removed from.
    This matches perfectly.

    Sense 4 "get into one's hands" is also possible in a general sense, but Sense 17 captures the "from" aspect (removal/taking away) better. The examples for Sense 4 are "Take a cookie" and "Can you take this bag". These imply transfer of possession or holding. The example for Sense 17 is "remove a wrapper". Taking tissue involves removal.

    Final decision: Sense 17.

    Index: 17.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein
5. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Key phrase: "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   The target word "brain" refers to an anatomical organ from which tissue is taken to find cancer.
    *   Context involves biology, anatomy, and medical research (cancer, tumors, genes, tissue).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord" | Synonyms: encephalon. This refers to the physical organ.
    *   Sense 2: "mental ability" | Synonyms: brainpower, wit. Abstract concept.
    *   Sense 3: "that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason" | Synonyms: mind, psyche. Abstract concept/metaphorical usage.
    *   Sense 4: "someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality" | Synonyms: genius, Einstein. Refers to a person.
    *   Sense 5: "the brain of certain animals used as meat". Food context.

3.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The context talks about "tissue taken from... brain... cancers".
    *   "Brain" here is a body part, an organ, parallel to "kidney" and "skin".
    *   Sense 1 describes the physical organ (encephalon).
    *   Sense 2 describes ability/intelligence (not applicable).
    *   Sense 3 describes the mind/seat of reason (not applicable).
    *   Sense 4 describes a smart person (not applicable).
    *   Sense 5 describes food (not applicable).

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 is the physical anatomical structure. The text discusses tissue samples from this organ to study cancer.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   Request requires JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: at_the_same_time
Target surface form: At the same time
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03:: | definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously
2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: | definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma:** "at_the_same_time".
    *   Target surface form: "At the same time".
    *   Part of speech: Adverb.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses scientific research into the p53 gene and its relation to various cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin).
    *   The specific sentence containing the target is: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Preceding sentences discuss findings regarding the p53 gene in different cancer tissues (lung, kidney, brain, skin).
    *   The target sentence introduces a *new* but related activity: the Johns Hopkins team looking for *other* tumor-suppressor genes.
    *   This "At the same time" is acting as a discourse connector. It signals that while the previous findings were being reported/discovered, this other activity was also happening. It doesn't necessarily mean "at the exact same second" (sense 1), but rather "during the same general period" or "concurrently" while these other events were unfolding.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   Definition: "at the same instant".
        *   Synonyms: "simultaneously".
        *   Examples: "they spoke simultaneously".
        *   Analysis: This usually implies precise temporal coincidence (e.g., two people speaking at once, or two lights flashing at the exact same moment). Does the Johns Hopkins team rush to pinpoint genes *at the exact same instant* that reports about p53 came out? No. It implies a duration or a period where these research efforts are overlapping.

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   Definition: "overlapping in duration".
        *   Synonyms: "concurrently".
        *   Examples: "concurrently with the conference an exhibition... was held", "going to school and holding a job at the same time".
        *   Analysis: This sense fits much better. The research on p53 (described in previous sentences) and the rush to pinpoint other genes (current sentence) are activities that overlap in duration. They are happening during the same period of scientific activity. The phrase is used to introduce a parallel line of inquiry occurring alongside the discoveries just mentioned.

4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   Sense 1 is too precise/instantaneous.
    *   Sense 2 captures the extended duration aspect of "At the same time" used in narrative or expository texts to link parallel processes. The context describes ongoing research and discoveries. The phrase links the discovery of p53's role to the concurrent search for other genes.

    *   Let's check if there is a metaphorical/discourse marker sense often associated with "at the same time" (e.g., "nevertheless"). WordNet usually treats "at the same time" as an adverb.
    *   Let's look at WordNet structure (mental check).
        *   WN 3.0/3.1 often has:
            *   `at_the_same_time%4:02:00::` (simultaneously) -> "at the same instant".
            *   `at_the_same_time%4:02:01::` (concurrently) -> "overlapping in duration".
            *   Sometimes there is a sense for "nevertheless" (contrast). Let me check the provided candidates carefully.
            *   Candidate 1: `at_the_same_time%4:02:03::` | "at the same instant" | synonyms=simultaneously. (Index 1 in list)
            *   Candidate 2: `at_the_same_time%4:02:05::` | "overlapping in duration" | synonyms=concurrently. (Index 2 in list)

    *   Wait, usually WordNet has a sense for "nevertheless" (contrast). Why isn't it listed?
        *   Let's re-read the context. Is it contrastive?
        *   "Reports... of missing p53 genes... At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team... are rushing to pinpoint other..."
        *   It is not contrastive (not "however"). It is additive/temporal. It means "While that was happening, this was also happening."
    *   Therefore, we are choosing between "simultaneous instant" (1) and "concurrent duration" (2).
    *   Scientific research "rushing to pinpoint" takes place over a duration. The reports coming out take place over a duration. The activities overlap.
    *   Sense 2 ("overlapping in duration") is the correct choice. Sense 1 ("at the same instant") is physically impossible for these macro-events (research programs).

5.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Candidate Sense 2 (Index 2 in the provided list).
    *   Definition: overlapping in duration.
    *   Synonym: concurrently.
    *   Context match: High. Research activities happen over time and overlap.

6.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "team" in the provided context.

**Context Analysis:**
- The text describes scientific research regarding cancer genetics (p53 gene, chromosome 17, lung cancer, colon cancer).
- The specific sentence mentions: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
- "Johns Hopkins" refers to Johns Hopkins University/Hospital, a research institution.
- The group referred to as a "team" consists of researchers/scientists working together on a scientific problem.

**Candidate Sense Analysis:**

- **Sense 1:** `team%1:14:00::` | Definition: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" | Synonyms: `squad`
    - While the core definition is "a cooperative unit." This is the general sense of a group of people working together towards a common goal. In this context, the researchers at Johns Hopkins form a cooperative unit working on genetics. The "especially in sports" part is a typical usage note in WordNet but does not preclude other types of cooperative units (like research teams).

- **Sense 2:** `team%1:14:01::` | Definition: "two or more draft animals that work together to pull something"
    - This refers to horses, oxen, etc., pulling a plow or wagon. This is clearly incorrect for a group of human cancer researchers.

**Comparison:**
Sense 1 is the correct general sense. Even though the gloss highlights sports, the synonym "squad" and the general definition "cooperative unit" fit the context of a group of scientists. The WordNet hierarchy usually treats "team" in the general sense of a group organized for a purpose as the primary sense, often contrasting with the specific "draft animals" sense. The "especially in sports" tag is a specialization of the gloss, not a restriction of the sense to *only* sports. A research team is a cooperative unit.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request**:
    *   Target lemma: "team".
    *   Target surface form: "team".
    *   Context: A text about scientific research on cancer genes (p53), specifically mentioning researchers in Edinburgh, John Minna, the National Cancer Institute, and the "Johns Hopkins <t>team</t>".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `team%1:14:00::`: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" | synonyms=squad.
        2.  `team%1:14:01::`: "two or more draft animals that work together to pull something".
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense (1 or 2) based on the context.
    *   Output Format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The sentence is: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   The word "team" refers to a group of researchers/scientists working at Johns Hopkins (likely the Vogelstein group mentioned in the previous sentence, or associated with Dr. Vogelstein).
    *   This is a group of people working together towards a common goal (scientific research).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)".
        *   The gloss mentions "especially in sports", which is a specific domain narrowing often found in WordNet, but the core definition "cooperative unit" applies broadly to any group working together.
        *   The context involves a research group. This fits the "cooperative unit" aspect.
        *   WordNet often uses this sense for non-sports teams as well (e.g., "a team of researchers", "a team of doctors"). The "especially in sports" is a usage note/prototypical example, not a restriction excluding scientific teams. This sense is the general "group of people working together" sense.
    *   **Sense 2**: "two or more draft animals that work together to pull something".
        *   This refers to horses, oxen, etc. pulling a wagon or plow.
        *   The context involves human researchers.
        *   This sense is clearly incorrect.

4.  **Select the Best Sense**:
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice, despite the "especially in sports" gloss. In WordNet hierarchies, this is the generic sense for a group of people working together. Sense 2 is specific to animals.

5.  **Formulate Output**:
    *   The chosen index is 1.
    *   The format must be strictly JSON.

    *Self-Correction/Refinement*: In the previous turn, the model output `sense_index": 1}` which is invalid JSON because it missed the opening brace `{`. The user pointed this out. I need to ensure the JSON is valid: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

    *Check*: Is there any ambiguity?
    WordNet 3.0/3.1 usually has these two senses for "team".
    1. A cooperative unit (especially in sports)
    2. Two or more draft animals...

    The Johns Hopkins team is a group of humans. Sense 2 is animals. Sense 1 applies to groups of humans acting as a unit. The "especially in sports" is a gloss heuristic. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct match.

    Output: `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rush
Target surface form: rushing
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rush%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. sense_key=rush%2:33:00:: | definition=attack suddenly
3. sense_key=rush%2:30:01:: | definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
4. sense_key=rush%2:30:00:: | definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
5. sense_key=rush%2:38:01:: | definition=run with the ball, in football
6. sense_key=rush%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
7. sense_key=rush%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `rush`
    *   Target surface form: `rushing`
    *   Context sentence: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are **rushing** to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Full context: A scientific text about cancer research. Researchers are competing or working quickly to find specific genes.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `rush%2:38:00::` | Definition: "move fast" | Examples: "He rushed down the hall...", "The cars raced..."
        *   *Analysis:* This implies physical motion from point A to point B. The context here is not physical motion down a hall; it's an activity (research) being done quickly.

    *   **Sense 2:** `rush%2:33:00::` | Definition: "attack suddenly"
        *   *Analysis:* Doesn't fit. The researchers aren't attacking anyone.

    *   **Sense 3:** `rush%2:30:01::` | Definition: "urge to an unnatural speed" | Examples: "Don't rush me, please!"
        *   *Analysis:* This is a transitive usage (rushing someone else). Here, the subject ("Johns Hopkins team") is rushing themselves (intransitive) or simply acting fast. It's not "urging someone else".

    *   **Sense 4:** `rush%2:30:00::` | Definition: "act or move at high speed" | Synonyms: "hasten, hurry" | Examples: "We have to rush!"
        *   *Analysis:* This fits the general idea of doing something quickly. "Rushing to pinpoint" implies acting quickly to achieve a goal. It captures the urgency and speed of action, not necessarily physical running, but "acting" at high speed.

    *   **Sense 5:** `rush%2:38:01::` | Definition: "run with the ball, in football"
        *   *Analysis:* Specific sports domain. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 6:** `rush%2:38:10::` | Definition: "cause to move fast or to rush or race"
        *   *Analysis:* Causative. The researchers are not causing something else to move fast in this sense; they are the agents rushing.

    *   **Sense 7:** `rush%2:36:00::` | Definition: "cause to occur rapidly"
        *   *Analysis:* Causative ("precipitated"). Not applicable.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "move fast" (spatial movement).
    *   Sense 4 focuses on "act or move at high speed" (often used for hurrying with a task).
    *   The phrase is "rushing to pinpoint". This is a purposeful activity done with speed.
    *   Let's look closer at the WordNet hierarchy.
    *   Sense 1 (`rush%2:38:00::`) usually implies locomotion ("rushed down the hall").
    *   Sense 4 (`rush%2:30:00::`) is defined as "act or move at high speed". The synonyms "hasten, hurry" align well with "rushing to pinpoint". The example "We have to rush!" implies hurrying to get something done or be somewhere.
    *   In the context "rushing to pinpoint", the researchers are hurrying to achieve a result. This aligns best with the "hurry/hasten" meaning found in Sense 4.
    *   However, sometimes "rushing to [verb]" is treated as moving fast to do something.
    *   Let's check the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: move fast. Synonyms: hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along.
        *   Sense 4: act or move at high speed. Synonyms: hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate.
    *   Is there a significant difference? Sense 1 seems more kinetic (running). Sense 4 includes "act".
    *   The sentence: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint..."
    *   This is about the speed of their research actions. They are "hurrying".
    *   Sense 4 is the standard sense for "hurrying" in a general sense to get something done. "We have to rush" (Sense 4 example) vs "He rushed down the hall" (Sense 1 example).
    *   "Rushing to pinpoint" is closer to "We have to rush [to get this done]" than "He rushed down the hall".
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the better fit.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the sense indexing.
    *   Sense 1: `rush%2:38:00::` (move fast)
    *   Sense 4: `rush%2:30:00::` (act or move at high speed)

    *   Let's check the VerbNet or FrameNet intuition.
    *   FrameNet: "Self_motion" vs "Activity".
    *   Here, it's an activity. They are conducting research quickly.
    *   Sense 4 is "act or move at high speed". This covers acting.
    *   Sense 1 is "move fast". While one *can* say they moved fast to do something, Sense 4 specifically lists "act" and "hurry". "Rushing to pinpoint" is essentially "hurrying to pinpoint".

    *   Let's verify if Sense 1 is sometimes used for "rush to do something".
    *   WN examples for Sense 1: "He rushed down the hall to receive his guests".
    *   WN examples for Sense 4: "We have to rush!"; "hurry--it's late!".
    *   The context involves a team working against time or competition to find genes. This is "hurrying" (Sense 4). They are acting quickly.

    *   Is there any chance it's Sense 3? "Don't rush me"? No, that's transitive causative.
    *   Is there any chance it's Sense 1? "Move fast". Sometimes "rush to judgment" or "rush to help" implies physical movement to the location, but often just general speed of action. However, WordNet distinguishes 2:38:00 (move fast) and 2:30:00 (act or move at high speed).
    *   Sense 4 (hasten/hurry) seems the designated sense for "acting quickly" when not necessarily traversing a path. "Rushing to pinpoint" is a metaphorical "hurry".

    *   Let's check if there is a specific sense for "rush" meaning "do something quickly".
    *   Sense 4 definition: "act or move at high speed". This is the most comprehensive definition for "hurrying" actions.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "move fast".

    *   Context: "Johns Hopkins team ... are rushing to pinpoint".
    *   The team is likely sitting in labs, running experiments. They aren't running down a hall. They are acting fast. Sense 4 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Confirmation:**
    *   Target: "rushing to pinpoint".
    *   Meaning: Hurrying, acting quickly.
    *   Sense 4 definition: "act or move at high speed".
    *   Sense 4 synonyms: "hasten, hurry".
    *   Sense 4 examples: "We have to rush!".
    *   This matches perfectly. Sense 1 is too physical (locomotion focused).

    *   Wait, let me check the numbering in the prompt again.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1. rush%2:38:00:: | move fast
        2. rush%2:33:00:: | attack suddenly
        3. rush%2:30:01:: | urge to an unnatural speed
        4. rush%2:30:00:: | act or move at high speed
        5. rush%2:38:01:: | run with the ball
        6. rush%2:38:10:: | cause to move fast
        7. rush%2:36:00:: | cause to occur rapidly

    *   Choice: Sense 4.

    *   Why not Sense 1? "He rushed down the hall to receive his guests". The infinitive phrase implies purpose. "Rushing to pinpoint" also has an infinitive phrase. However, "pinpoint" is an intellectual/scientific activity, not receiving guests at a door. You physically move to the door. You "act" to pinpoint. The distinction in WN between the specific "move fast" (locomotion) and "act/move at high speed" (general hurry) usually puts "hurrying to complete a task" under the latter (Sense 4). The synonym "hurry" is explicitly in Sense 4.

    *   Therefore, the answer is Sense 4.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "other" in the context: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."

Here, "other" refers to tumor-suppressor genes that are not the same as the p53 gene already mentioned or implied. It distinguishes additional genes from the one already discussed.

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. recently past | examples=the other evening
3. belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Sense 1 perfectly matches the context. "Other tumor-suppressor genes" means tumor-suppressor genes that are not the same one already mentioned (p53).

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hope
Target surface form: hopes
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 3}

content: sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "hopes" (verb, 3rd person singular present tense).
2.  **Analyze the context**: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18..."
    *   The subject is Dr. Vogelstein.
    *   The action is "to isolate [a gene] on chromosome 18".
    *   The timeframe is "soon".
    *   This is a scientific context. Researchers are actively working to find a gene.
    *   "Hopes" here expresses an intention or expectation regarding a specific future outcome based on ongoing work. It's not just a general wish for something vague; it's a specific professional goal they are striving towards.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `hope%2:37:01::` | definition="expect and wish" | synonyms="trust, desire" | examples="I trust you will behave better...", "I hope she understands...".
        *   *Fit*: This usually implies an expectation about someone else's behavior or a situation, often with a nuance of "trust" or "desire". While Dr. Vogelstein does "wish" to isolate the gene, the usage "hopes soon here (behavior, understanding) are about interpersonal expectations or cognitive states, not necessarily active endeavors.

    *   **Sense 2**: `hope%2:37:00::` | definition="be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes" | examples="I am structure) usually maps to a sense involving intent or expectation of doing something. Sense 2 is usually "hoping *that* [proposition]" (e.g., hoping for a good outcome). Here, the syntax is "hopes to isolate".

    *   **Sense 3**: `hope%2:31:00::` | definition="intend with some possibility of fulfilment" | synonyms="go for" | examples="I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening".
        *   *Fit*: This sense specifically addresses the structure "hope to [do something]". The definition "intend with some possibility of fulfilment" fits perfectly with a researcher planning/trying to isolate a gene soon. The example "I hope to have finished this work..." matches the syntax "hopes soon to isolate...".
        *   *Comparison*: Sense 1 ("expect and wish") is close, but often carries a modal flavor of "trust". Sense 3 ("intend with some possibility of fulfilment") captures the active nature of a scientist "hoping to isolate" something—they are working towards it (intent) with a specific goal in mind, though and semantically the closest to "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate...".

4.  **Evaluate nuances**:
    *   "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate..." implies he is 3: "intend with some possibility of fulfilment". This acknowledges the agency and the specific future action.
    *   WordNet 3.0/3.1 often distinguishes between "hoping for something" (stative/optimistic) vs "hoping to do something" (intent/plan).
    *   Let's look at the specific WN mapping.
        *   2:37:00 is the general state of hoping.
        *   2:37:01 is "expect and wish".
        *   2:31:00 is "intend with some possibility of fulfilment".
    *   Context: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate..."
    *   Example for Sense 3: "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening."
    *   This matches almost perfectly. It describes a plan/intention with a timeframe.

5.  **Conclusion**: Sense 3 is the best fit. It captures the catenative verb usage "hope to X" where X is an action the subject intends to perform, as opposed to a wish for an external event.

    *   Sense 1 is often "I hope (that) she understands".
    *   Sense 2 is "I am hoping (that) all will turn out well".
    *   Sense 3 is "I hope to finish". -> "He hopes to isolate".

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.

    Index: 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hope
Target surface form: hopes
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 3}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "hopes" in the context: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18..."
This is followed by an infinitive phrase "to isolate one on chromosome 18".

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise (usually takes a that-clause, means expect and wish)
2. hope%2:37:00:: definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well (usually takes a that-clause)
3. hope%2:31:00:: definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening (takes an infinitive)

The context uses "hopes soon to isolate", which perfectly matches the structure of sense 3 ("I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening"). The infinitive construction "hope to [verb]" maps to sense 3.

So the correct index is 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *involved*
    *   Context segment: "...another gene involved with some types of colon cancer..."
    *   Full context: Discusses genes (specifically p53 and others) and their relationship to cancers (lung, kidney, brain, skin, colon).
    *   Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer..."
    *   Usage: The gene is *participating* or *associated* with the disease process (colon cancer). It plays a role in it.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `connected by participation or association or use`.
        *   Examples: "we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved"; "the problems involved".
        *   Fit: This describes a relationship of participation or association. A gene "involved" in cancer is a gene associated with or participating in the cancer process. This fits perfectly.

    *   **Sense 2:** `entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire`.
        *   Synonyms: `mired`.
        *   Examples: "the difficulties in which the question is involved"; "brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion".
        *   Fit: This implies being stuck or trapped. The gene is not "stuck" in cancer; it is a functional component or cause. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `emotionally involved`.
        *   Fit: This applies to human emotions. A gene cannot be emotionally involved. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious`.
        *   Synonyms: `Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous`.
        *   Examples: "the Byzantine tax structure"; "Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship".
        *   Fit: This refers to complexity or intricacy of a situation or structure. While biology is complex, "involved with some types of colon cancer" refers to association/causation, not the complexity of the gene itself (though it might be complex, the adjective here defines its relationship to the cancer). Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** `enveloped`.
        *   Examples: "a castle involved in mist"; "the difficulties in which the question is involved".
        *   Fit: This implies being covered or surrounded. A gene is not enveloped by cancer in a mist-like way. Incorrect.

3.  **Compare the best fits:**
    *   Sense 1 is the only definition that captures the relationship of association or participation. The gene plays a role in (is involved in) the cancer.
    *   "Involved in/with" usually maps to Sense 1 (participation/association) in contexts of actors, factors, or components within a process or problem.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

5.  **Output Formatting:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   I must use the index number. The options are numbered 1 through 5.
    *   The correct choice corresponds to the first option.

    *   Let's double-check the indexing.
        *   1. `involved%3:00:00::` -> connected by participation...
        *   2. `involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00` -> entangled...
        *   3. `involved%5:00:00:attached:01` -> emotionally involved
        *   4. `involved%5:00:00:complex:00` -> highly complex...
        *   5. `involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00` -> enveloped

    *   The target is "gene involved with some types of colon cancer". This is clearly Sense 1.

    *   Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: close
Target surface form: close
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=close%3:00:01:: | definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon; how close are we to town?
2. sense_key=close%3:00:02:: | definition=close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family; we are all...in close sympathy with...
3. sense_key=close%3:00:05:: | definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | synonyms=near, nigh | examples=near neighbors; in the near future
4. sense_key=close%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=rigorously attentive; strict and thorough | examples=close supervision; paid close attention
5. sense_key=close%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=marked by fidelity to an original | synonyms=faithful | examples=a close translation; a faithful copy of the portrait
6. sense_key=close%5:00:00:equal:00 | definition=(of a contest or contestants) evenly matched | synonyms=tight | examples=a close contest; a close election
7. sense_key=close%5:00:00:confined:00 | definition=crowded | synonyms=confining | examples=close quarters
8. sense_key=close%5:00:00:unventilated:00 | definition=lacking fresh air | synonyms=airless, stuffy, unaired | examples=a dusty airless attic; the dreadfully close atmosphere
9. sense_key=close%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=of textiles | synonyms=tight | examples=a close weave; smooth percale with a very tight weave
10. sense_key=close%5:00:00:restrained:00 | definition=strictly confined or guarded | examples=kept under close custody
11. sense_key=close%5:00:00:private:00 | definition=confined to specific persons | examples=a close secret
12. sense_key=close%5:00:00:tight:01 | definition=fitting closely but comfortably | synonyms=snug, close-fitting | examples=a close fit
13. sense_key=close%5:00:00:short:01 | definition=used of hair or haircuts | examples=a close military haircut
14. sense_key=close%5:00:00:stingy:00 | definition=giving or spending with reluctance | synonyms=cheeseparing, near, penny-pinching, skinny | examples=our cheeseparing administration; very close (or near) with his money
15. sense_key=close%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information | synonyms=closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped | examples=although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."
    *   Target word: "close" (adjective, used predicatively: "are close to finding").
    *   Meaning in context: The researchers are near to accomplishing the goal of finding a gene. They are on the verge of discovery. It relates to proximity in terms of progress or time/action, not physical space.

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `close%3:00:01::` | definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon; how close are we to town?
        *   This sense covers "close to [noun/time]". The example "close to noon" suggests temporal proximity. The example "how close are we to town?" suggests spatial proximity. The context here is "close to finding". While "finding" is a verbal noun (gerund), the sense of being "near" an event or state is covered by the general "short distance in time" or abstract distance aspect of this definition. It captures the "nearness" to a goal.

    *   **Sense 2:** `close%3:00:02::` | definition=close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family; we are all...in close sympathy with...
        *   This refers to emotional or relational closeness. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 3:** `close%3:00:05::` | definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | synonyms=near, nigh | examples=near neighbors; in the near future
        *   This is very similar to Sense 1. In WordNet 3.0/3.1, distinctions can be subtle.
        *   Sense 1 focuses on "at or within a short distance". Example: "close to noon".
        *   Sense 3 focuses on "not far distant". Example: "in the near future".
        *   Often, Sense 1 is used for the specific construction "close to [X]".
        *   Let's look at the POS tags. These are all adjectives (indicated by the sense keys starting with close%3 or close%5... wait, let's check the numbering. 3 is usually adjective in WordNet, 5 is also adjective).
        *   Actually, let's re-read the sense keys.
        *   `close%3:00:01::`: This is usually the primary sense for physical or temporal proximity.
        *   `close%3:00:05::` (near/nigh): This is often synonym mapping.
        *   Let's look at the specific construction "close to finding".
        *   Is it Sense 1? "at or within a short distance... in time". The researchers are a short distance away from the event of finding.
        *   Is it Sense 3? "not far distant in... circumstances". This also fits.
        *   Let's distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 3. Sense 1 examples: "close to noon", "how close are we to town?". This specific predicative structure ("close to...") strongly matches Sense 1. Sense 3 examples are often attributive ("near neighbors", "near future") or predicative without the "to" complement construction specified in the examples, though "near" works that way.
        *   However, WordNet often treats "close" (adj) involving spatial/temporal proximity as Sense 1. Sense 3 often involves the synonymy with "near".
        *   Let's check the lexicographer files. `close%3:00:01::` comes from `adj.all`. `close%3:00:05::` also comes from `adj.all`.
        *   Usually, the first sense is the most general one for "proximity". The phrase "close to doing something" fits "close to noon" (temporal/event proximity) better than "near neighbors".
        *   Let's consider Sense 1 vs Sense 3 again.
            *   Sense 1 definition: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other". Examples: "close to noon", "how close are we to town?". The structure matches the text ("close to finding").
            *   Sense 3 definition: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". Examples: "near neighbors", "in the near future".
            *   The text is "are close to finding". This is an abstract/temporal proximity to an event. "Close to noon" is a temporal proximity to an event (noon). This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

    *   **Sense 4:** `close%5:00:00:careful:00` | definition=rigorously attentive... | examples=close supervision.
        *   Not relevant.

    *   **Sense 5-15:** Various other meanings (accurate, equal/competitive, crowded, stuffy, textile weave, guarded, secret, tight-fitting, haircut, stingy, secretive).
        *   None of these fit.

    *   **Comparison of Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
        *   Sense 1 specifically includes the example "close to noon". This is a prepositional phrase complement usage. The target text uses "close to finding".
        *   Sense 3 includes "in the near future" (attributive) or "near neighbors".
        *   The syntactic frame "close to [NP/VP]" is explicitly exemplified in Sense 1.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

3.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Target: "are close to finding".
    *   Meaning: Near to achieving/discovering.
    *   Category: Proximity (temporal/abstract).
    *   Best Match: Sense 1.
    *   Reasoning: The definition "at or within a short distance in... time" and the example "close to noon" map directly to the context "close to finding", representing proximity to an event or state.

4.  **Formatting:**
    *   Return JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "finding" in this passage.

The context is about scientific research into cancer genes. The sentence is: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

Here, "finding" refers to the process of discovering or identifying a gene through scientific research. The researchers are trying to locate/identify a specific gene that is involved with colon cancer.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: - "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" - This doesn't fit because the research is intentional, not accidental.

2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: - "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - This is a good fit. The researchers are trying to discover the existence of a gene.

3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: - "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" - This doesn't quite fit. The gene isn't "lost" but rather unknown/unidentified.

4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: - "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - This is also a good fit. The researchers are conducting scientific investigations to establish the existence and location of a gene.

5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: - "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds" - This doesn't fit. This is about scientific discovery, not emotional belief.

6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: - "perceive or be contemporaneous with" - This doesn't fit the context.

7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: - "get something or somebody for a specific purpose" - This doesn't fit the context.

8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: - "make a discovery, make a new finding" - This is also a strong fit. The researchers are trying to make a new discovery about a gene.

9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: - "make a discovery" - Similar to #8, this could fit.

10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: - "obtain through effort or management" - This doesn't quite fit.

11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: - "decide on and make a declaration about" - This doesn't fit the context.

12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: - "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - This doesn't fit.

13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: - "perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place" - This doesn't fit.

14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: - "get or find back; recover the use of" - This doesn't fit.

15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: - "succeed in reaching; arrive at" - This doesn't fit.

16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: - "accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation" - This doesn't fit.

The best candidates seem to be:
- #2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of"
- #4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
- #8: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
- #9: "make a discovery"

Looking more closely at the context, the researchers are engaged in a scientific investigation to identify a gene. This is about discovering something new in science, not just determining the existence of something.

Sense #8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" with synonyms like "discover" and examples like "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" seems most appropriate. This fits with scientific discovery contexts.

Sense #4 also has a good example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" which is very similar to the context of finding a gene.

Between #4 and #8, I think #4 is slightly more specific to scientific research contexts. It mentions "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" which matches the scientific research context perfectly.

So my answer is sense_index: 4


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: involved
    *   Context snippet: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."
    *   Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."
    *   Meaning in context: The gene plays a role in or is associated with the development or presence of colon cancer. It is causally connected or participating in the biological process of the disease.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "connected by participation or association or use"
        *   Examples: "we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved"
        *   Analysis: This sense covers participation and association. A gene being "involved" in a disease means it participates or is associated with the disease mechanism. This fits the scientific context of a gene playing a role in a biological process/disease.

    *   **Sense 2:** "entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire"
        *   Synonyms: mired
        *   Examples: "the difficulties in which the question is involved..."
        *   Analysis: This refers to being stuck or hindered. The gene is not "stuck" in cancer in a hindering way; it is a participant/cause. This doesn't fit.

    *   **Sense 3:** "emotionally involved"
        *   Analysis: This refers to human emotions/relationships. Genes do not have emotions. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** "highly complex or intricate..."
        *   Synonyms: Byzantine, convoluted, knotty...
        *   Analysis: This describes the complexity of a situation or structure (e.g., "involved plot"). While cancer biology is complex, the specific usage "involved with/in [something]" here denotes association/participation, not complexity per se. The gene isn't "complicated"; it's "part of the picture".

    *   **Sense 5:** "enveloped"
        *   Examples: "a castle involved in mist"
        *   Analysis: This means covered or surrounded. The gene is not surrounded by cancer in a mist-like way. Incorrect.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 ("connected by participation or association or use") is the standard meaning for X being involved in/with Y (where X contributes to or is part of Y). The gene is associated with/participating in the etiology of colon cancer.

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instruction asks to return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1} (assuming 1-based indexing based on the list provided, usually WordNet senses are listed 1, 2, 3...).
    *   The prompt asks for "indexed sense".
    *   Candidate sense 1 corresponds to `involved%3:00:00::`.
    *   Therefore, the index is 1.

    *   Double check: Does the context imply complexity (Sense 4)? "Another gene involved with some types of colon cancer". No, it implies causal association. Does it imply hindrance (Sense 2)? No. Emotional attachment (Sense 3)? No. Enveloped (Sense 5)? No.
    *   Sense 1 is clearly the correct choice.

5.  **Final Output Generation:**
    *   JSON: `{"sense_index":1}`