[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: end
Target surface form: end
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the <t>end</t> of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=end%1:15:00:: | definition=either extremity of something that has length | synonyms=terminal | examples=the end of the pier; she knotted the end of the thread
2. sense_key=end%1:28:00:: | definition=the point in time at which something ends | synonyms=ending | examples=the end of the year; the ending of warranty period
3. sense_key=end%1:11:00:: | definition=the concluding parts of an event or occurrence | synonyms=last, final stage | examples=the end was exciting; I had to miss the last of the movie
4. sense_key=end%1:09:02:: | definition=the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it | synonyms=goal | examples=the ends justify the means
5. sense_key=end%1:09:00:: | definition=a final part or section | examples=we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus; Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end
6. sense_key=end%1:26:00:: | definition=a final state | synonyms=destruction, death | examples=he came to a bad end; the so-called glorious experiment came to an inglorious end
7. sense_key=end%1:15:02:: | definition=the surface at either extremity of a three-dimensional object | examples=one end of the box was marked `This side up'
8. sense_key=end%1:18:00:: | definition=(football) the person who plays at one end of the line of scrimmage | examples=the end managed to hold onto the pass
9. sense_key=end%1:15:01:: | definition=a boundary marking the extremities of something | examples=the end of town
10. sense_key=end%1:15:03:: | definition=one of two places from which people are communicating to each other | examples=the phone rang at the other end; both ends wrote at the same time
11. sense_key=end%1:04:00:: | definition=the part you are expected to play | examples=he held up his end
12. sense_key=end%1:10:00:: | definition=the last section of a communication | synonyms=conclusion, close, closing, ending | examples=in conclusion I want to say...
13. sense_key=end%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of cloth that is left over after the rest has been used or sold | synonyms=remainder, remnant, oddment
14. sense_key=end%1:04:02:: | definition=(American football) a position on the line of scrimmage | examples=no one wanted to play end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Form**: The target is "end" (noun), used as "the end of the year" in the sentence "...until the end of the year."

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The sentence is: "It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year."
    *   The phrase "end of the year" refers to the temporal boundary, specifically the point in time when the year concludes.
    *   The preposition "until" indicates duration leading up to a specific point in time.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:
    *   *Sense 1 (end%1:15:00::)*: "either extremity of something that has length" (spatial). Examples: "end of the pier". Not temporal. Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 2 (end%1:28:00::)*: "the point in time at which something ends". Synonyms: "ending". Examples: "the end of the year". This matches perfectly. The context "until the end of the year" refers to a point in time. The example provided in the dictionary entry is literally "the end of the year".
    *   *Sense 3 (end%1:11:00::)*: "the concluding parts of an event or occurrence". Synonyms: "last". Examples: "the end was exciting". This refers to the final segment of an event (like a movie or a war), not necessarily the abstract temporal boundary of a calendar unit in this specific phrasing, though close. However, Sense 2 is more precise for "point in time".
    *   *Sense 4 (end%1:09:02::)*: "the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve". Synonyms: "goal". Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 5 (end%1:09:00::)*: "a final part or section". Examples: "end of the section". More structural/textual or spatial. Less precise for temporal "point in time".
    *   *Sense 6 (end%1:26:00::)*: "a final state" (death/destruction). Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 7 (end%1:15:02::)*: "surface at either extremity". Spatial. Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 8 (end%1:18:00::)*: Football player. Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 9 (end%1:15:01::)*: "boundary marking the extremities". Spatial (end of town). Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 10 (end%1:15:03::)*: Communication point. Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 11 (end%1:04:00::)*: Role/part to play. Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 12 (end%1:10:00::)*: "last section of a communication". Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 13 (end%1:06:02::)*: "piece of cloth". Mismatch.
    *   *Sense 14 (end%1:04:02::)*: Football position. Mismatch.

4.  **Compare Sense 2 vs Sense 3**:
    *   Sense 2 definition: "the point in time at which something ends".
    *   Sense 3 definition: "the concluding parts of an event or occurrence".
    *   Context: "until the end of the year". The year is a period of time. "End of the year" marks the temporal boundary (a point in time).
    *   The example for Sense 2 is "the end of the year". This is a direct match.
    *   The example for Sense 3 is "the end was exciting" (referring to an event like a movie).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice. It captures the temporal aspect perfectly.

5.  **Final Selection**: Sense index 2.

6.  **Formatting**: Return JSON `{"sense_index": 2}`.

provider: Parasail


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the <t>year</t>. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "year" in the context: "I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year."

Let me analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: - "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - This is the basic calendar year definition. Examples: "she is 4 years old; in the year 1920"

2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: - "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity" - Examples: "a school year"

3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: - "the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun" - Examples: "a Martian year takes 687 of our days"

4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: - "a body of students who graduate together" - Examples: "the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High"

In the context, the speaker is talking about "the end of the year" referring to the calendar year - the standard 12-month period that ends on December 31st. This is clearly about the standard calendar year, not a school year, not a planetary orbital period, and not a graduating class.

The phrase "end of the year" refers to the conclusion of the calendar year, which is sense 1 - the standard period of 365 (or 366) days.

Sense 3 is about planetary orbital periods, which is not relevant here.
Sense 2 is about a specialized portion of a year like a school year, which doesn't fit.
Sense 4 is about a graduating class, which doesn't fit at all.

The best fit is sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trend
Target surface form: trend
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The <t>trend</t> was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trend%1:15:02:: | definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | synonyms=tendency | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current; the trend of the stock market
2. sense_key=trend%1:15:01:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=course | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast
3. sense_key=trend%1:09:00:: | definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | synonyms=drift, movement | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right
4. sense_key=trend%1:09:02:: | definition=the popular taste at a given time | synonyms=vogue, style | examples=leather is the latest vogue; he followed current trends

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "trend" in a specific financial news context.

**Context Analysis:**
Sentence: "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators..."
Context details:
- The text discusses the stock market (NYSE, Dow Jones, NASDAQ).
- It mentions market movement (gained, dropped, risen, fell, advanced).
- It discusses "better than expected indicators" contributing to market opinion and economic recovery.
- The "trend" refers to the general movement or direction of the market described in the previous sentences (Dow Jones up, NASDAQ slightly down, S&P up, market calm, narrow margin).

**Candidate Sense Analysis:**

1.  **sense_key=trend%1:15:02::**
    *   Definition: a general direction in which something tends to move.
    *   Synonyms: tendency.
    *   Examples: "the shoreward tendency of the current"; "the trend of the stock market".
    *   Fit: This sense explicitly mentions "the trend of the stock market" as an example. The context is about the stock market's movement (Dow Jones rising, etc.). This seems like a very strong candidate.

2.  **sense_key=trend%1:15:01::**
    *   Definition: general line of orientation.
    *   Synonyms: course.
    *   Examples: "the river takes a southern course"; "the northeastern trend of the coast".
    *   Fit: This sense is often used for geographical features (rivers, coasts). While metaphorical use is possible, Sense 1 is more specific to markets and movements of entities/values rather than spatial orientation.

3.  **sense_key=trend%1:09:00::**
    *   Definition: a general tendency to change (as of opinion).
    *   Synonyms: drift, movement.
    *   Examples: "not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book"; "a broad movement of the electorate to the right".
    *   Fit: This sense focuses on opinion change or political/social movements. While the text mentions "improving market opinion," the "trend" itself refers to the market behavior (prices rising/falling) supported by indicators, rather than the shift in opinion itself. The indicators supported the market trend.

4.  **sense_key=trend%1:09:02::**
    *   Definition: the popular taste at a given time.
    *   Synonyms: vogue, style.
    *   Examples: "leather is the latest vogue"; "he followed current trends".
    *   Fit: This is clearly about fashion or pop culture trends, not financial markets.

**Comparison:**
Sense 1 (trend%1:15:02::) has the example "the trend of the stock market". The context is explicitly about stock market movements (closing figures, points gained/lost). The sentence says "The trend was supported by... indicators," meaning the market's direction (mostly upward, described as "better than expected") was supported. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

Sense 3 (trend%1:09:00::) is about opinion change ("tendency to change (as of opinion)"). The text mentions opinion improving, but the "trend" usually refers to the market trend (price movement) in financial reporting. However, if one argues that the trend refers to the "market opinion," this might be plausible. But usually, in financial news, "the trend" refers to the price direction or market direction. Sense 1's example "trend of the stock market" confirms it is the standard sense for financial contexts.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

**Final Decision:**
Sense 1 matches the financial context best, specifically citing "trend of the stock market" as an example.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: publication
Target surface form: publication
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the <t>publication</t> of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=publication%1:10:00:: | definition=a copy of a printed work offered for distribution
2. sense_key=publication%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=issue
3. sense_key=publication%1:04:02:: | definition=the communication of something to the public; making information generally known
4. sense_key=publication%1:04:00:: | definition=the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution | synonyms=publishing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `publication`
    *   Context sentence: "The trend was supported by the **publication** of better than expected economic indicators, which 'have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery', summarised Charles Schwab's analysts."
    *   Surrounding context: Discussion about stock market trends, economic indicators, and how information is released to affect the market.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (publication%1:10:00::):** "a copy of a printed work offered for distribution".
        *   *Focus:* A physical object (a copy of a book, magazine, journal, etc.).
        *   *Fit:* The text talks about the *publication of indicators*. Indicators are data/numbers, not a physical book or copy. This sense refers to the product (the item on the shelf).

    *   **Sense 2 (publication%1:04:01::):** "the act of issuing printed materials".
        *   *Focus:* The act of releasing something specific (printed materials).
        *   *Synonyms:* issue.
        *   *Fit:* The text refers to the "publication of ... indicators". While indicators might be printed, the core concept here is the act of making the data known or the event of releasing the data.

    *   **Sense 3 (publication%1:04:02::):** "the communication of something to the public; making information generally known".
        *   *Focus:* The act or process of revealing information.
        *   *Fit:* The context says "publication of better than expected economic indicators". Indicators are abstract data points (retail sales increased by 1.3%). The "publication" here refers to the event where these numbers were released/made public. The market reacted to this *release* of information. This aligns well with "making information generally known".

    *   **Sense 4 (publication%1:04:00::):** "the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution".
        *   *Synonyms:* publishing.
        *   *Focus:* The industry or business sector (e.g., "She works in publication").
        *   *Fit:* The text is not discussing an industry or a business line.

3.  **Compare Sense 2 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 2 ("act of issuing printed materials") often implies a physical object or a specific edition of a journal/newspaper.
    *   Sense 3 ("communication of something to the public; making information generally known") is broader and focuses on the information transfer.
    *   In the context of "economic indicators", we are talking about data being released/reported. While it might happen via a printed report or a news wire, the primary meaning is the act of making the data public. The "indicators" themselves are not "printed materials" in the sense of a book or magazine, though they are contained in reports. The act is the release of information.
    *   WordNet definitions can be tricky. Let's look at the specific glosses again.
        *   Sense 2: "the act of issuing printed materials" (synonym: issue). This feels slightly too constrained to "printed materials" (like issuing a stamp or a magazine).
        *   Sense 3: "the communication of something to the public; making information generally known". This fits the release of economic data perfectly. The market is reacting to the data becoming known.

    Let's double-check the usage.
    "The publication of the results..."
    If I say "The publication of the book", it might be Sense 1 (the object) or Sense 2 (the act).
    If I say "The publication of the findings/indicators", it is the act of making them known. Findings/indicators are information.
    Therefore, Sense 3 is the strongest fit. It captures the abstract nature of the object being released (indicators/data) and the communicative function (supporting the trend/market opinion).

4.  **Final Decision:**
    The "publication of ... indicators" refers to the event/act of the data being released to the public.
    Sense 3 defines this as "the communication of something to the public; making information generally known".
    Sense 1 is a physical copy.
    Sense 2 is issuing printed materials (slightly less accurate for abstract indicators, though close).
    Sense 4 is the business.

    Sense 3 is the best match.

5.  **Format Output:**
    JSON object `{"sense_index": 3}`.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicator
Target surface form: indicators
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic <t>indicators</t>, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicator%1:10:00:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index, index number, indicant
2. sense_key=indicator%1:10:01:: | definition=a signal for attracting attention
3. sense_key=indicator%1:06:00:: | definition=a device for showing the operating condition of some system
4. sense_key=indicator%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** indicator
    *   **Target surface form:** indicators
    *   **Context:** The text discusses the New York Stock Exchange, market trends, economic recovery, retail sales, etc.
    *   **Key phrase:** "...better than expected indicators in the United States..." and "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators..."
    *   **Specific details:** Mentions "retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November...". This is a statistic used to gauge economic health.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time" | synonyms: index, index number, indicant.
        *   *Evaluation:* This fits perfectly. Economic indicators (like retail sales figures, unemployment rates, GDP, etc.) are numbers/indices derived from observed facts (sales data). They reveal changes in the economy over time. The context explicitly mentions "retail sales have increased by 1.3%", which is a specific example of an economic indicator.

    *   **Sense 2:** "a signal for attracting attention"
        *   *Evaluation:* This is usually a physical signal (like a flag or a light). While economic data signals the state of the economy, the primary definition here is more about a specific device or action meant to grab attention, rather than a statistical measure. It's too general and lacks the quantitative aspect crucial to the context (financial markets).

    *   **Sense 3:** "a device for showing the operating condition of some system"
        *   *Evaluation:* This refers to a mechanical device (like a gauge on a dashboard or a pointer on a scale). While metaphors like "dashboard indicators" exist, the context is about published statistics ("publication of better than expected economic indicators"), not a mechanical device.

    *   **Sense 4:** "(chemistry) a substance that changes color..."
        *   *Evaluation:* Clearly wrong context. This is a financial/economic text.

3.  **Synthesize and Select:**
    *   The context talks about "economic indicators" like retail sales figures.
    *   Sense 1 defines "indicator" as a number or ratio derived from observed facts (like sales data) used to show relative changes (economic trends).
    *   The synonym "index" (Sense 1) is strongly associated with financial markets (Dow Jones Index is mentioned in the text, though the target word refers to broader economic data).
    *   Sense 1 is the precise technical term used in economics.

4.  **Final Check:**
    *   Sentence: "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators..."
    *   Definition Sense 1: "...a number or ratio... derived from a series of observed facts..."
    *   Match: Excellent match.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: market
Target surface form: market
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving <t>market</t> opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: `market`
    *   Target surface form: `market`
    *   Context snippet: "...have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery..."
    *   Full context summary: The text describes financial markets (NYSE, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, S&P 500), stock trading, and economic indicators. The specific instance is within the phrase "improving market opinion".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: "the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold" (synonyms: marketplace). This is a general sense of commercial trade.
    *   **Sense 2**: "the customers for a particular product or service". Example: "size of the market". This refers to a potential consumer base.
    *   **Sense 3**: "a marketplace where groceries are sold" (synonyms: grocery store). This is clearly wrong for a financial context.
    *   **Sense 4**: "the securities markets in the aggregate" (synonyms: securities industry). Example: "the market always frustrates the small investor".
    *   **Sense 5**: "an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up". This refers to a physical location like a town square or bazaar.

3.  **Disambiguate based on context**:
    *   The context explicitly mentions the New York Stock Exchange, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, and "securities markets".
    *   The phrase "market opinion" refers to the sentiment within the stock market or financial market domain.
    *   Sense 4 specifically defines "market" as "the securities markets in the aggregate". This matches the financial context perfectly. The synonym "securities industry" is relevant here.
    *   Sense 1 is too broad (general commercial activity) compared to Sense 4, which is domain-specific (securities).
    *   Sense 2 is about customers, not the trading environment/system.
    *   Sense 3 and 5 are physical locations for food or goods, irrelevant to stocks.

4.  **Verification**:
    *   Does "market opinion" fit with "the securities markets"? Yes, it refers to the sentiment of investors/participants in the securities markets.
    *   The text is a financial report. The domain is finance. Sense 4 is the financial sense of "market".

5.  **Select the sense index**:
    *   Sense 4 corresponds to `market%1:14:00::`.

6.  **Format the output**:
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 4}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relation
Target surface form: relation
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in <t>relation</t> to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relation%1:03:00:: | definition=an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together
2. sense_key=relation%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the man's penis is inserted into the woman's vagina and excited until orgasm and ejaculation occur | synonyms=sexual intercourse, intercourse, sex act, copulation, coitus, coition
3. sense_key=relation%1:18:00:: | definition=a person related by blood or marriage | synonyms=relative | examples=police are searching for relatives of the deceased; he has distant relations back in New Jersey
4. sense_key=relation%1:10:01:: | definition=an act of narration | synonyms=telling, recounting | examples=he was the hero according to his own relation; his endless recounting of the incident eventually became unbearable
5. sense_key=relation%1:09:00:: | definition=(law) the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier time | synonyms=relation back | examples=his attorney argued for the relation back of the amended complaint to the time the initial complaint was filed
6. sense_key=relation%1:04:00:: | definition=(usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups | examples=international relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: relation
    *   Target surface form: relation
    *   Context sentence: "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which 'have contributed to improving market opinion in <t>relation</t> to the robustness of the economic recovery', summarised Charles Schwab's analysts."
    *   Phrase: "in relation to".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together". This is a very broad, abstract definition. It covers concepts like "relation" in math or logic, or general connections between things.
    *   Sense 2: "sexual intercourse". Clearly incorrect given the financial context.
    *   Sense 3: "a person related by blood or marriage". Clearly incorrect. No people are being discussed in this sense.
    *   Sense 4: "an act of narration". Incorrect. The context is not about telling a story.
    *   Sense 5: "(law) the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier time". Incorrect. This is a specific legal technicality.
    *   Sense 6: "(usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups". Examples: "international relations". While this involves connections, the context uses the specific prepositional phrase "in relation to".

3.  **Evaluate the context fit:**
    *   The phrase "in relation to" is a fixed idiom or prepositional phrase functioning as a compound preposition meaning "regarding," "concerning," or "with reference to."
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. Sense 1 defines relation as an abstraction characteristic of two entities. "Market opinion in relation to the robustness..." implies a connection or standing of the opinion relative to the robustness. The phrase "in relation to" expresses a connection or link between two concepts (market opinion and robustness).
    *   Let's look at Sense 6. This deals with "dealings or connections among persons or groups" (usually plural). The context is about abstract concepts (market opinion and economic recovery), not diplomatic or social dealings between groups.
    *   Sense 1 is the hypernym or the general sense of "relation" meaning a connection or link. The phrase "in relation to" uses this general sense of a connection/relationship between A and B. It fits the "abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities" definition. The "opinion" exists in a specific connection (relation) "to" the "robustness".

    *   However, WordNet sense inventory can be tricky with idioms.
    *   Let's check the WordNet structure for "relation".
    *   Sense 1 (abstraction) is the most general.
    *   Sense 6 is "mutual dealings". This usually refers to "relations" (plural) like "US-China relations".
    *   The context uses the singular "relation".
    *   The phrase "in relation to" is a standard usage of Sense 1 (connection/link). It establishes a relationship between the opinion and the recovery.
    *   Let's look at the provided examples for Sense 1: None provided in the prompt, but the definition "abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities" fits "the relation between A and B".
    *   Let's look at Sense 6 examples: "international relations". The prompt definition says "(usually plural)".
    *   The context uses the phrase "in relation to". This means "with regard to" or "concerning".
    *   Does this map to Sense 1?
        *   If I say "The relation of A to B", I am using Sense 1.
        *   "in relation to" is a prepositional phrase derived from this.
    *   Let's verify if there are other senses often associated with "relation". Sometimes there is a specific sense for "relation" as "reference" or "respect", but here we have a limited list.
    *   Sense 1 covers the abstract connection. The opinion is connected to (or positioned relative to) the robustness.
    *   Let's double check Sense 6. "dealings or connections among persons or groups". The context is "market opinion" and "economic recovery". These are not persons or groups. So Sense 6 is less likely than Sense 1.
    *   Sense 1 is the broad "connection/relationship" sense. This fits the usage "in relation to" (meaning regarding, or in connection with).

    *   Let's refine the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 6.
    *   Sense 1: "abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together".
    *   Sense 6: "(usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups".
    *   Context: "improving market opinion in relation to the robustness..."
    *   Here "relation" acts as the connector between "market opinion" and "robustness". It is singular. It does not involve persons or groups in the sense of social/diplomatic dealings.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It encompasses the general concept of a relationship or connection between two entities (opinion and recovery).

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The phrase "in relation to" expresses a connection.
    *   Sense 1 defines a relation as an abstraction characteristic of two entities.
    *   Sense 6 is specific to human interactions and usually plural.
    *   The other senses are irrelevant.
    *   Selection: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recovery
Target surface form: recovery
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic <t>recovery</t>", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recovery%1:11:00:: | definition=return to an original state | examples=the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid
2. sense_key=recovery%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury | synonyms=convalescence, recuperation
3. sense_key=recovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) | synonyms=retrieval

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target word is "recovery" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text is about the New York Stock Exchange and financial markets.
    *   It discusses the Dow Jones, NASDAQ, and S&P 500 indices.
    *   It mentions "better than expected economic indicators".
    *   The specific phrase is: "...robustness of the economic recovery".
    *   The context refers to an economy getting better or improving after a period of difficulty (implied by "better than expected indicators" and the nature of economic cycles).
3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `recovery%1:11:00::` | definition=return to an original state | examples=the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is broad. It implies going back to a previous condition. In economics, an "economic recovery" is the phase of the business cycle following a recession, where the economy returns to a state of growth or normalcy. This fits the "economic recovery" collocation well. The example (forest after fire) is a natural process of returning to a previous state, analogous to an economy returning to growth after a downturn.
    *   **Sense 2:** `recovery%1:22:00::` | definition=gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury | synonyms=convalescence, recuperation.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is specific to medical/health contexts (sickness or injury). The text mentions "economic recovery", not a person recovering from illness. While metaphors of "health" are sometimes used for economies, Sense 1 is the literal definition used in this domain. Sense 2 is too specific to healthcare.
    *   **Sense 3:** `recovery%1:04:00::` | definition=the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) | synonyms=retrieval.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is about getting a specific object back (like retrieving a lost wallet or data recovery). The context is about a macroeconomic state, not retrieving a specific lost item.
4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   The phrase "economic recovery" refers to the economy returning to a stable or growing state (an "original state" of health/growth) after a downturn/recession.
    *   Sense 1 ("return to an original state") captures the essence of an economy bouncing back. It is the standard WordNet sense for non-medical, non-retrieval instances of recovery involving a system or entity returning to a better condition.
    *   Sense 2 is medical.
    *   Sense 3 is retrieval of objects.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It covers the abstract concept of a system (economy) returning to a better/previous state.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "robustness of the economic recovery".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "return to an original state".
    *   Match: High. The economy is returning to a state of growth/health.
    *   Result: Sense index 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyst
Target surface form: analysts
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's <t>analysts</t>. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyst%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is skilled at analyzing data
2. sense_key=analyst%1:18:02:: | definition=an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
3. sense_key=analyst%1:18:01:: | definition=a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis | synonyms=psychoanalyst

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "analyst"
    *   Target surface form: "analysts"
    *   Context snippet: "...summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased..."
    *   The context discusses the New York Stock Exchange, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, Standard & Poor's 500, economic indicators, market trends, and financial figures.
    *   The "analysts" work for "Charles Schwab" (a well-known financial services company) and are commenting on economic indicators and market robustness.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "someone who is skilled at analyzing data". This is a hypernym or general definition. It fits technically (they analyze data), but it's broad.
    *   Sense 2: "an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions". This is specific to finance, securities, and markets.
    *   Sense 3: "a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis". This is clearly wrong for a stock market context.

3.  **Compare context with senses:**
    *   The text is entirely about financial markets (stocks, indices, economic recovery).
    *   The analysts mentioned work for a financial firm (Charles Schwab).
    *   They are analyzing economic indicators and market trends.
    *   Sense 2 explicitly mentions "studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.)".
    *   Sense 1 is too general. While a financial analyst *is* someone skilled at analyzing data, Sense 2 is the specific hyponym that matches the domain perfectly. WSD usually prefers the most specific sense that fits the context.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 2 captures the domain (financial) and the role (studying financial data/patterns) perfectly.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Chosen index: 2.

6.  **Final check:**
    *   Does Sense 1 apply? Yes, but it's too broad.
    *   Does Sense 3 apply? No.
    *   Does Sense 2 apply? Yes, it is the precise definition for someone working for a brokerage/investment firm analyzing market data.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the <t>United States</t>, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "United States" is being used.

Context:
The passage discusses financial markets (Dow Jones, NASDAQ, S&P 500) and economic indicators. The target phrase "United States" appears in this sentence:

"In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted."

Now let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=united_states%1:15:00::** - "North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776"
   - This refers to the country/geographical entity
   - Synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA

2. **sense_key=united_states%1:14:00::** - "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States"
   - This refers specifically to the federal government as an institutional entity
   - Synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

In the context "In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November," the phrase is referring to the country as a geographical and political entity where retail sales are being measured. It's not specifically referring to the federal government branches or the government as an institution.

When we say "In the United States, retail sales have increased," we're talking about economic activity happening within the country's borders, not actions taken by the government itself.

Therefore, sense 1 (the country/republic) is the correct interpretation.

{"sense_index": 1}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: month
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second <t>month</t> in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma**: "month" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "...retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second <t>month</t> in a row...".
    *   The word refers to "November" (a specific named month) or a calendar unit within a sequence ("second month in a row").
    *   The broader context mentions "November", "December", and "end of the year".
    *   The phrase "second month in a row" refers to a specific calendar division (November being the second month of increase after October, likely).
    *   It is referencing a specific slot in the calendar year system.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `month%1:28:01::` | Definition: "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" | Synonyms: "calendar month" | Examples: "he paid the bill last month".
        *   This sense focuses on the named divisions (January, February, etc.) or the position in the calendar. "Last month" or "second month in a row" usually implies this sense, referring to specific calendar periods.
    *   **Sense 2**: `month%1:28:00::` | Definition: "a time unit of approximately 30 days" | Examples: "he was given a month to pay the bill".
        *   This sense focuses on the *duration* or *length* of time, often used when measuring a span of time rather than a specific calendar slot (e.g., "wait a month", "a month's holiday").

4.  **Compare context to senses**:
    *   The context says "for the second month in a row".
    *   Does this mean "a time unit of approximately 30 days in a row" or "the second calendar division (November) in a row"?
    *   It refers to November as a specific named month following another specific named month (October). It fits the concept of a "calendar month" (Sense 1).
    *   If the text said "It took a month to finish", Sense 2 would be better.
    *   If the text said "The project lasted six months", Sense 2 is often used, but Sense 1 is also possible if referring to calendar progression.
    *   However, "in November... for the second month in a row" explicitly links the instance of "month" to the calendar progression (November, then October previously). It counts the specific calendar divisions.
    *   Sense 1 ("one of the twelve divisions") is the standard sense for counting months by name (January, February...) or sequence in a calendar year context.

5.  **Decision**: The usage "second month in a row" refers to the specific calendar months (November and October) where the sales increased. It treats "month" as a division of the calendar year. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Format**: Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: row
Target surface form: row
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a <t>row</t>, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=row%1:14:00:: | definition=an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line | examples=a row of chairs
2. sense_key=row%1:10:00:: | definition=an angry dispute | synonyms=quarrel, wrangle, words, run-in, dustup | examples=they had a quarrel; they had words
3. sense_key=row%1:17:00:: | definition=a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally) | examples=a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds; rows of barbed wire protected the trenches
4. sense_key=row%1:06:00:: | definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | synonyms=course | examples=a course of bricks
5. sense_key=row%1:14:01:: | definition=a linear array of numbers, letters, or symbols side by side
6. sense_key=row%1:07:00:: | definition=a continuous chronological succession without an interruption | examples=they won the championship three years in a row
7. sense_key=row%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of rowing as a sport | synonyms=rowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "row" in the context: "for the second month in a row"

Let me analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=row%1:14:00:: | definition=an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line | examples=a row of chairs
- This refers to physical objects arranged in a line, like chairs. Not relevant here.

2. sense_key=row%1:10:00:: | definition=an angry dispute | synonyms=quarrel, wrangle, words, run-in, dustup | examples=they had a quarrel; they had words
- This refers to a disagreement or argument. Not relevant here.

3. sense_key=row%1:17:00:: | definition=a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally) | examples=a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds; rows of barbed wire protected the trenches
- This refers to a continuous strip, like rows of clouds. Not relevant here.

4. sense_key=row%1:06:00:: | definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | synonyms=course | examples=a course of bricks
- This refers to construction, layers of bricks. Not relevant here.

5. sense_key=row%1:14:01:: | definition=a linear array of numbers, letters, or symbols side by side
- This refers to arrays in mathematics or data. Not relevant here.

6. sense_key=row%1:07:00:: | definition=a continuous chronological succession without an interruption | examples=they won the championship three years in a row
- This is exactly what we have here: "for the second month in a row" meaning two consecutive months without interruption. This matches the example "they won the championship three years in a row".

7. sense_key=row%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of rowing as a sport | synonyms=rowing
- This refers to rowing a boat. Not relevant here.

The context "for the second month in a row" clearly means consecutive months, which matches sense 6 with its definition "a continuous chronological succession without an interruption" and example "they won the championship three years in a row".

So the answer is sense_index: 6.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: confidence
Target surface form: confidence
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the <t>confidence</t> of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=confidence%1:09:00:: | definition=freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities | synonyms=assurance, self-assurance, self-confidence, authority, sureness | examples=his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular; after that failure he lost his confidence
2. sense_key=confidence%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of trust (in someone or something) | examples=I have confidence in our team; confidence is always borrowed, never owned
3. sense_key=confidence%1:26:02:: | definition=a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable | examples=public confidence in the economy
4. sense_key=confidence%1:26:03:: | definition=a trustful relationship | synonyms=trust | examples=he took me into his confidence; he betrayed their trust
5. sense_key=confidence%1:10:00:: | definition=a secret that is confided or entrusted to another | examples=everyone trusted him with their confidences; the priest could not reveal her confidences

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "confidence"
    *   Context sentence: "Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses financial markets, economic indicators, retail sales, and consumer sentiment. Key phrases: "market opinion", "robustness of the economic recovery", "confidence of American consumers", "Michigan University's index".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities".
        *   Synonyms: self-assurance, self-confidence.
        *   Examples: "lost his confidence".
        *   Fit: This refers to an individual's internal belief in themselves. While consumers have confidence, in economics, it's usually about the economy, not self-esteem.

    *   **Sense 2:** "a feeling of trust (in someone or something)".
        *   Examples: "I have confidence in our team".
        *   Fit: This is a general feeling of trust. While consumers trust the economy to some degree, there is a more specific sense regarding future outlooks in economics.

    *   **Sense 3:** "a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable".
        *   Examples: "public confidence in the economy".
        *   Fit: This definition perfectly matches the economic context. "Consumer confidence" is a specific economic metric (referenced by the Michigan University index) measuring how optimistic consumers are about the state of the economy and their own financial situation. The phrase "confidence of American consumers" refers to their outlook on the future (events being favorable), which drives spending.

    *   **Sense 4:** "a trustful relationship".
        *   Synonyms: trust.
        *   Examples: "took me into his confidence".
        *   Fit: This implies a close relationship between people. Not applicable to an aggregate economic metric.

    *   **Sense 5:** "a secret that is confided or entrusted to another".
        *   Examples: "reveal her confidences".
        *   Fit: Not relevant.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The context explicitly talks about "American consumers" and "Michigan University's index". This refers to the economic concept of "Consumer Confidence".
    *   Sense 3's definition ("a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable") and example ("public confidence in the economy") align perfectly with the phrase "confidence of American consumers". It is about the outlook for the economy, not self-confidence (Sense 1) or a personal relationship (Sense 4).

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object with the index number.
    *   The best sense is Sense 3.
    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 3}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: month
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous <t>month</t>, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "month" in the context: "...to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates..."

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

In the context, "the previous month" refers to the calendar month preceding December (which would be November). It specifically refers to one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year, rather than just a unit of time equal to 30 days. "November" and "December" are calendar months.
Sense 1 specifies "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year", which perfectly matches the reference to the month before December (i.e., November).
Sense 2 refers to a time unit of 30 days, like a duration, which doesn't fit as well as the specific division of the calendar year.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: estimate
Target surface form: estimates
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary <t>estimates</t> from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=estimate%1:09:00:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimation, approximation, idea | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
2. sense_key=estimate%1:04:01:: | definition=a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody | synonyms=estimation | examples=many factors are involved in any estimate of human life; in my estimation the boy is innocent
3. sense_key=estimate%1:10:00:: | definition=a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation) | synonyms=appraisal, estimation
4. sense_key=estimate%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement indicating the likely cost of some job | examples=he got an estimate from the car repair shop
5. sense_key=estimate%1:09:01:: | definition=the respect with which a person is held | synonyms=estimation | examples=they had a high estimation of his ability

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `estimate`
    *   Target surface form: `estimates`
    *   Context snippet: "...according to preliminary <t>estimates</t> from Michigan University's index."
    *   Full context analysis: The text discusses financial market movements, economic indicators, and consumer confidence. The specific sentence mentions "confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back... according to preliminary [estimates] from Michigan University's index."
    *   Meaning: The word "estimates" here refers to a calculated figure (73.4) derived from the Michigan University index. It's an early, approximate calculation of the consumer confidence level.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `estimate%1:09:00::`
        *   Definition: "an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth"
        *   Synonyms: estimation, approximation, idea
        *   Examples: "an estimate of what it would cost"; "a rough idea how long it would take"
        *   Fit: This fits perfectly. The text refers to a numerical value (73.4) derived from an index, which is an approximate calculation of a quantity (consumer confidence). The modifier "preliminary" supports the idea of it being an approximation or early calculation.

    *   **Sense 2:** `estimate%1:04:01::`
        *   Definition: "a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody"
        *   Synonyms: estimation
        *   Examples: "many factors are involved in any estimate of human life"; "in my estimation the boy is innocent"
        *   Fit: This refers to a qualitative judgment or opinion about someone's character or nature. While the index measures "confidence" (a quality), the word "estimates" here refers to the numerical output/statistic, not the judgment of character itself.

    *   **Sense 3:** `estimate%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: "a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)"
        *   Synonyms: appraisal, estimation
        *   Fit: This refers to a formal document. The context does not imply a document for insurance or taxation.

    *   **Sense 4:** `estimate%1:10:01::`
        *   Definition: "a statement indicating the likely cost of some job"
        *   Examples: "he got an estimate from the car repair shop"
        *   Fit: This refers to a cost estimate for services. The context is about economic indices, not a bill for work.

    *   **Sense 5:** `estimate%1:09:01::`
        *   Definition: "the respect with which a person is held"
        *   Synonyms: estimation
        *   Examples: "they had a high estimation of his ability"
        *   Fit: This refers to esteem or respect. The context is about data/economic figures.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 describes an "approximate calculation of quantity or degree". The text provides a specific number (73.4) resulting from a calculation (the index). This is the standard usage of "estimate" in economic and statistical reporting.

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct one.
    *   Index is 1.

    *   Wait, let me double check the indexing. Usually, the list provided is 1-indexed in the prompt's presentation, but sometimes these tasks expect the 1-based index from the list provided.
    *   The prompt lists:
        1. sense_key=estimate%1:09:00:: ...
        2. sense_key=estimate%1:04:01:: ...
        ...
    *   So the index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: index
Target surface form: index
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's <t>index</t>. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=index%1:24:00:: | definition=a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number
2. sense_key=index%1:10:01:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index number, indicant, indicator
3. sense_key=index%1:10:02:: | definition=a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself | synonyms=exponent, power
4. sense_key=index%1:10:00:: | definition=an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
5. sense_key=index%1:08:00:: | definition=the finger next to the thumb | synonyms=index finger, forefinger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: *index*
    *   Target surface form: *index*
    *   Context snippet: "...according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's <t>index</t>."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses financial markets (S&P 500, trading volumes), economic indicators (retail sales, consumer confidence), and university estimates. Specifically, the sentence mentions "Michigan University's index".
    *   Real-world knowledge connection: The "University of Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment" is a very famous economic indicator. The context mentions "confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back... according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index."

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `index%1:24:00::` | Definition: a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number.
        *   This is a general definition. It applies to things like a price index or an index in a database. It's a broad category. While accurate in a general sense, is it the most specific and accurate definition for an *economic* index derived from observed facts?

    *   **Sense 2:** `index%1:10:01::` | Definition: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a functionlike consumer confidence). The text explicitly mentions "better than expected economic indicators" earlier. The Michigan Index is exactly this: a number derived from surveying consumers (observed facts) to track changes in confidence over time. The synonym "indicator" links directly to the text's usage ("economic indicators").

    *   **Sense 3:** `index%1:10:02::` | Definition: a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself | Synonyms: exponent, power.
        *   This is a mathematical sense. No math equations are present.

    *   **Sense 4:** `index%1:10:00::` | Definition: an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed.
        *   This is a book index. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5:** `index%1:08:00::` | Definition: the finger next to the thumb | Synonyms: index finger, forefinger.
        *   Anatomical sense. Not applicable.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is very broad ("numerical scale").
    *   Sense 2 is specific to statistics/economics ("derived from a series of observed facts", "reveal relative changes as a function of time").
    *   The context is an economic report regarding consumer confidence. The Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index is a statistical measurement.
    *   Sense 2 captures the "indicator" aspect mentioned in the text ("economic indicators"). It captures the derivation from surveys) and the tracking of changes over time (bouncing back from 67.4 to 73.4).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the precise fit for an economic index/indicator. Sense 1 is descriptive of the specific nature of a statistical index compared to the detailed gloss of Sense 2.

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The text refers to an economic index (University of Michigan's index).
    *   Sense 2 defines an economic index (number derived from observed facts revealing changes over time).
    *   Sense 1 is too generic. Sense 3 is math. Sense 4 is a book list. Sense 5 is a finger.
    *   Selected sense index: 2.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 2}`.

provider: Amazon Bedrock