[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building <t>started</t> shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `start`
    *   Target surface form: `started`
    *   Context sentence: "This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed."
    *   Syntactic role: The target word "started" is followed by a present participle "shaking". This structure ("start" + V-ing) usually means "begin doing something" or "begin to happen".
    *   Subject: "the building".
    *   Action: "shaking violently".

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `take the first step or steps in carrying out an action` (intransitive, agentive usually). Examples: "We began working at dawn."
        *   Does "the building started shaking" fit? It implies the building began the action of shaking. The structure matches (start + V-ing). However, buildings aren't typically "agents" taking steps in an action in the same way humans are. It usually denotes the *onset* of an event/state.

    *   **Sense 2:** `set in motion, cause to start` (transitive, causative). Examples: "The U.S. started a war".
        *   The context is "the building started shaking". "Shaking" is the event starting, not an object being set in motion by the building. The building is the subject undergoing the process. This is not causative here.

    *   **Sense 3:** `leave`. Examples: "The family took off".
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 4:** `have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense` (intransitive, eventive). Examples: "The DMZ begins right over the hill".
        *   This sense often applies to things like geographical features or abstract entities beginning. "The movie starts at 8."

    *   **Sense 5:** `bring into being` (transitive). Examples: "Start a foundation".
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 6:** `get off the ground` (transitive/intransitive depending on usage, usually setting up a venture). Examples: "Who started this company?".
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 7:** `move or jump suddenly`. Examples: "She startled".
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 8:** `get going or set in motion` (transitive usually). Examples: "start the engine".
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 9:** `begin or set in motion`. Examples: "I start at eight".
        *   Similar to 1 and 4.

    *   **Sense 10:** `begin work or acting in a certain capacity`.
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 11:** `play in the starting lineup`.
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 12:** `have a beginning characterized in some specified way`.
        *   Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 13:** `begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object`.
        *   Irrelevant (transitive).

    *   **Sense 14:** `bulge outward`.
        *   Irrelevant.

3.  **Refine the choice between Sense 1, Sense 4, and potentially Sense 9:**

    *   The sentence is: "the building started shaking".
    *   Syntactically: `start` + `V-ing`.
    *   Let's look closer at Sense 1 and Sense 4.

    *   **Sense 1:** "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
        *   Examples: "We began working at dawn."
        *   Usage: Usually applies to animate agents performing an action.
        *   Does a building "take steps" to shake? Not really.

    *   **Sense 4:** "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense".
        *   Examples: "The DMZ begins right over the hill", "The second movement begins after the Allegro".
        *   Usage: This sense often applies to events or states coming into existence. "The show starts in 5 minutes."
        *   In "the building started shaking", "shaking" is an event/state. The event "shaking" had a beginning.
        *   WordNet distinguishes between "begin to act" (Sense 1) and "have a beginning" (Sense 4).
        *   "Started shaking" means the shaking began.
        *   Let's check if WordNet treats "start V-ing" under sense 1 or 4 in practice or if there's a nuance I'm missing.
        *   Sense 4 synonyms: `begin`.
        *   Sense 1 synonyms: `begin`.
        *   Usually, "start shaking" or "start raining" falls under the "have a beginning" aspect (Sense 4) because "shaking" and "raining" are events/processes beginning, rather than an agent initiating a course of action. Sense 1 implies agency or a deliberate action sequence ("We began working").
        *   However, WordNet entries can be tricky.
        *   Let's look at Sense 4 again. "have a beginning...".
        *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "take the first step...".
        *   Often, `start` + `participle` is mapped to the general inchoative sense (starting to happen). Sense 4 seems the best fit for the *subject* being the event or the entity undergoing the event. "The building started shaking" is equivalent to "The shaking of the building began".
        *   Let's compare with Sense 9: "begin or set in motion". Examples: "I start at eight".
        *   Sense 1 vs Sense 4 is the main dilemma for intransitive usage.
        *   Sense 1 is "We began working". (Agentive).
        *   Sense 4 is "The second movement begins..." (Non-agentive/Eventive).
        *   The building is inanimate. The shaking is an involuntary physical process. Therefore, Sense 4 ("have a beginning") fits the semantics of an event starting better than Sense 1 ("take the first step...").

    *   Let's check if there's a specific sense for "start V-ing" or if it's lumped in.
        *   Often, `start` in "start V-ing" is treated as "begin".
        *   If I look at how WordNet distinguishes 1 and 4:
            *   1: Agent takes first step.
            *   4: Entity/Event has a beginning.
        *   "The building started shaking" -> The event of shaking had a beginning. The building is the locus of the event, but semantically the *shaking* began.
        *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the most appropriate.

    *   Let's double check Sense 13: "begin an event that is implied...". Example: "She started the soup".
        *   This is transitive.

    *   Let's double check Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized...". Example: "The novel begins with a murder".
        *   Specific characterization.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. Is "start V-ing" exclusively agentive?
        *   "It started raining." -> Sense 4 (The event had a beginning).
        *   "I started working." -> Sense 1 (Agentive action).
        *   "The building started shaking." -> The building is not an agent taking steps. It is undergoing a process. The process began. This aligns with Sense 4.

    *   Wait, let me look at the definitions again carefully.
        *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
        *   Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense".
        *   "The temblor begin [sic]... building started shaking".
        *   The context mentions "temblor begin". The text uses "begin" for the earthquake and "started" for the shaking. This parallel supports the "have a beginning" interpretation (Sense 4).
        *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the correct choice.

    *   Let's verify Sense 9 again: "begin or set in motion". Synonyms: "go, get going". Examples: "I start at eight". This refers to a schedule or a specific moment of departure/commencement of activity.
    *   Sense 4 covers the general concept of an event beginning.

    *   Let's check the provided synonyms for Sense 4: `begin`.
    *   Let's check the provided synonyms for Sense 1: `get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out`.
    *   "Set about" and "set out" imply intent/agency.
    *   Sense 4 implies the onset of a state/event.

    *   Conclusion: "The building started shaking" describes the onset of an event (shaking) involving an inanimate object (building). This fits the definition "have a beginning" (Sense 4) better than "take the first step... in carrying out an action" (Sense 1).

    *   One slight complication: Some dictionaries map "start V-ing" to a specific aspectual sense. WordNet doesn't have a separate "aspectual verb" sense listed here. It splits between Agentive (Sense 1) and Eventive/Temporal (Sense 4).
    *   Since "building" is inanimate, it cannot "take the first step".
    *   Thus, it must be Sense 4.

    *   Let's check if there are any other possibilities.
        *   Sense 13: "begin an event that is implied...". Transitive. "started shaking" -> Is "shaking" the object? "The building started [the event of] shaking"? No, "shaking" is a participle complement here. The structure is "start" + V-ing. While one could argue "start" is transitive with a gerund object, the gloss "begin an event that is implied..." usually applies to things like "start the car" (start the engine), "start the soup" (start cooking/eating the soup). "Started shaking" is more about the inception of the action itself.
        *   If "shaking" is treated as the object, Sense 13 *might* be considered ("start [doing something]").
        *   However, Sense 13 examples are "begin a cigar", "started the soup". These are distinctively idiomatic usages where the verb is omitted. "Start shaking" is not idiomatic in that way; "shaking" is explicit.
        *   The standard intransitive/eventive sense is Sense 4.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 examples again: "We began working at dawn". This is V-ing.
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 examples: "The DMZ begins right over the hill" (Spatial). "The second movement begins after the Allegro" (Temporal).
    *   Does Sense 4 accept V-ing complements?
        *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1, Sense 4 `begin` (verb) examples are mostly spatial or temporal start points.
        *   Sense 1 `begin` (verb) examples include "We began working".
    *   Is WordNet rigid about the "agentive" definition for Sense 1?
    *   "The car started moving." -> Did the car take the first step? No. Did the event of moving begin? Yes.
    *   However, lexicographers sometimes group "start V-ing" under Sense 1 if they treat it as "begin to do something".
    *   Let's look at the gloss for Sense 1 again: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    *   Gloss for Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal... sense".
    *   "The building started shaking." The "shaking" is the action. Did the building carry out the action of shaking? Yes, but "take the first step" is metaphorically "begin".
    *   Let's check a reliable mapping or usage note.
    *   If the subject is an event ("The game started"), it's Sense 4.
    *   If the subject is an entity, and the verb implies a new state/action:
        *   Animate + intentional action: Sense 1.
        *   Inanimate/Event + process: Sense 4?
    *   Let's look at the synonym list for Sense 1: `set about`, `set out`, `get down`. These all imply volition/purpose.
    *   Synonym list for Sense 4: `begin`.
    *   The gloss for Sense 4 "have a beginning" is the most neutral way to describe "start shaking". "The shaking had a beginning."
    *   Contrast with Sense 1: "The building took the first step in carrying out the action of shaking." This sounds wrong. Buildings don't take steps.
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the better fit for inanimate subjects.

    *   Let's confirm index numbers.
    *   Sense 4: `start%2:42:00::`.

    *   Let's double check Sense 13: `start%2:41:04::`. Gloss: "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object".
    *   The direct object here is "shaking"? Or is "shaking" the event?
    *   If "shaking" is the event, does the building have an inherent function to shake? No. Buildings are not meant to shake. So Sense 13 is unlikely.

    *   Decision: Sense 4.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shaking
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started <t>shaking</t> violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** shake
    *   **Target surface form:** shaking
    *   **Context:** "This time, it just got stronger and then the building started <t>shaking</t> violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed."
    *   **Key elements:** The subject is "the building". The cause is an earthquake (temblor). The motion is "violently up and down". It is compared to a "child's toy block".

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `shake%2:38:00::` | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking.
        *   *Analysis:* This is a general sense. "Move back and forth" fits, but it's often a hypernym (parent term). "My hands were shaking" implies a physiological tremor. The chemist shaking a flask is an agentive action. Here, the building is moving because of an earthquake, not agentive in the same way, though "move back and forth" is technically correct. Let's look for a more specific sense.

    *   **Sense 2:** `shake%2:29:00::` | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook.
        *   *Analysis:* "Didder" is an archaic or dialect word for shiver/tremble. The example "his hands shook" suggests physiological shaking or fear. Buildings in earthquakes don't usually "tremble" in the sense of a small vibration; they often sway or vibrate violently. This sense seems too specific to physiological/organic trembling (like from cold or fear).

    *   **Sense 3:** `shake%2:38:01::` | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering.
        *   *Analysis:* "Judder" implies a rough, vibrating motion. The context mentions the building shaking "violently up and down". "Rapidly and intensively" aligns well with "violently". "Judder" fits the description of an object (like an engine or a building in a quake) vibrating intensely. This looks promising.

    *   **Sense 4:** `shake%2:38:02::` | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed.
        *   *Analysis:* The example "the tall building swayed" is extremely relevant. The context is about a building in an earthquake. The synonyms "rock" and "sway" are standard descriptions for building movement during seismic activity. However, the specific context says the building was shaking "violently up and down". Swaying often implies a lateral (side-to-side) motion. Rocking can be back and forth. "Up and down" motion is specifically mentioned. Does "sway" cover "up and down"? Usually, sway is side-to-side. But Sense 4 covers general building movement.
        *   *Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 4:* Sense 3 emphasizes "rapidly and intensively" (violent). Sense 4 emphasizes "back and forth or sideways" (sway/rock).
        *   The context emphasizes "violently". Sense 3 includes "intensively".
        *   Let's check the definition of Sense 3 again: "shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively". The context says "violently up and down".
        *   Let's check Sense 4 again: "move back and forth or sideways". Synonyms: rock, sway.
        *   The text says "shaking violently up and down". Swaying is usually lateral. "Shaking" in an earthquake often covers both lateral and vertical, but "judder" (Sense 3) captures the violent vibration/intensity better than just "sway".
        *   However, WordNet sense inventories often distinguish between general physical shaking (objects) and structural swaying.
        *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 4 again: "the tall building swayed". This is the closest domain match (buildings).
        *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "The old engine was juddering".
        *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 1: "move or cause to move back and forth".
        *   Let's look at Sense 4's synonyms: rock, sway. Does a building shake "up and down"? That's a P-wave typically, or a violent jolt. "Judder" (Sense 3) fits "rapidly and intensively" and "violently".
        *   Let's consider the specific WordNet grouping. Sense 2:38:01 (judder) vs Sense 2:38:02 (rock/sway).
        *   If a building moves "up and down", is it swaying? No, swaying is lateral.
        *   Is it juddering? Juddering implies vibration.
        *   The text describes the motion: "violently up and down... like a child's toy block... tossed". Tossed up and down is a very violent, rapid movement.
        *   Sense 3 ("shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively") seems to capture the "violent" aspect better than Sense 4.
        *   However, Sense 1 ("move or cause to move back and forth") is the hypernym. Is there a more specific one?
        *   Sense 4 is "move back and forth or sideways". Synonyms: rock, sway. Example: building swayed. This is the specific sense often used for buildings in WordNet. But the "up and down" qualifier makes "sway" awkward.
        *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "Judder". Does a building judder? Yes, during a violent quake.
        *   Let's re-read the examples. Sense 3 example: "The old engine was juddering". Sense 4 example: "the tall building swayed".
        *   Context: "building started shaking violently up and down".
        *   "Up and down" contradicts "sideways" (in Sense 4 definition). It fits "vibrate rapidly" (Sense 3). Or it fits the general "move back and forth" (Sense 1).
        *   Let's consider Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
            *   Sense 1: "move or cause to move back and forth". Examples: "The chemist shook the flask", "My hands were shaking".
            *   Sense 3: "shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively". Synonyms: judder.
        *   The "violently" modifier suggests intensity. Sense 3 includes "intensively" in the definition.
        *   Sense 4 is strongly associated with buildings, but the specific motion (up and down) conflicts with "sway" or "sideways".
        *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "Shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively".
        *   Actually, Sense 1 is often the default for physical shaking when others don't fit perfectly.
        *   But Sense 3 "rapidly and intensively" matches "violently".
        *   Let's check the relations.
        *   Sense 4 is distinct. "Sway" is a specific type of shaking (oscillation).
        *   "Judder" (Sense 3) is distinct.
        *   The text says "shaking... as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed". This implies a chaotic, violent motion.
        *   If I have to choose between "move back and forth" (Sense 1) and "shake/vibrate rapidly and intensively" (Sense 3).
        *   Sense 3 seems better because of the intensity ("violently").
        *   However, looking at WordNet usage in datasets (like SemCor/ONTONotes):
            *   Sense 1 is very common for general movement.
            *   Sense 4 is specific to swaying/rocking.
            *   Sense 3 is specific to juddering (often mechanical).
        *   Is a building mechanical? No.
        *   Is a building "swaying"? That's the typical word for buildings. But here it moves "up and down". Sway is side-to-side. Therefore, Sense 4 (synonyms: rock, sway) is likely incorrect or less correct than a general shaking or juddering sense.
        *   Sense 3 implies rapid vibration. Violent up and down movement fits "vibrate rapidly" or "shake rapidly".
        *   Sense 1 is the general causative/inchoative movement.
        *   Let's check Sense 2: "move with or as if with a tremor". Synonyms: didder. Example: "his hands shook". This is usually involuntary but often associated with living things or fear. Buildings "tremble" metaphorically, but "violently" pushes against the "tremor" scale (which implies small amplitude).
        *   Sense 3 "rapidly and intensively" fits "violently" best.
        *   Sense 1 is the hypernym.
        *   WordNet sense distinctions can be tricky. Sometimes sense 1 is "cause to move" and sense 2 is "move". Here the form is "shaking" (intransitive). "The building started shaking".
        *   Sense 1 examples: "The chemist shook the flask" (Transitive), "My hands were shaking" (Intransitive).
        *   Sense 2 examples: "his hands shook" (Intransitive).
        *   Sense 3 examples: "The old engine was juddering" (Intransitive).
        *   Sense 4 examples: "the ship was rocking" (Intransitive).
        *   So, Senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 all allow intransitive usage.
        *   Sense 2 (tremor/didder) feels too weak/small for "violently".
        *   Sense 4 (sway/rock) feels directionally wrong (sideways vs up and down). Although "rock" can be up and down, the synonym list prioritizes sway.
        *   This leaves Sense 1 and Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1 is "move or cause to move back and forth".
        *   Sense 3 is "shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively".
        *   The context emphasizes "violently". "Intensively" in Sense 3 captures this better than the generic definition of Sense 1. The "up and down" motion fits "vibrate" or general shaking better than "sway".
        *   The specific lexical choice "violently" pushes it towards Sense 3. "Judder" is the synonym provided. Judder implies a strong, shaking vibration.
        *   Let's verify Sense 1 again. Is it the catch-all for motion? Yes. But Sense 3 is a "specific" sense for rapid/intensive shaking.
        *   Is there any reason to pick Sense 1 over 3? Sense 1 is often the default. However, "rapidly and intensively" matches "violently".
        *   Let's check if Sense 4 applies. "Rock" can mean move up and down (a boat rocks). A building "rocks"? Yes, in an earthquake. But "rock/sway" are paired. "Sway" is the dominant example for buildings. "Sway" is lateral. The text specifies "up and down". Therefore Sense 4 is less appropriate than Sense 3 or 1.
        *   Between Sense 1 and Sense 3:
            *   Sense 1: "move... back and forth".
            *   Sense 3: "shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively".
        *   The text "shaking violently up and down" describes a rapid, intensive shaking.
        *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.

        Let's double check Sense 1. "My hands were shaking". Hands shaking can be violent. But Sense 3 specifically encodes "intensively".
        Let's double check Sense 2. "Tremor". Small scale.
        Let's double check Sense 4. "Sway". Lateral.
        Let's double check Sense 3. "Judder". Mechanical vibration.
        Does "judder" apply to a building? WordNet definition: "shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively". It doesn't restrict to engines, though the example uses an engine. The definition applies to the building's action: it was shaking rapidly and intensively.
        Compare to Sense 1: "move or cause to move back and forth". This is true, but Sense 3 is more specific to the intensity described.
        Often, the most specific sense that fits the context is the correct one.
        Sense 3 fits "rapidly and intensively" (matching "violently").
        Sense 1 fits "move back and forth" (matching "shaking").
        In WordNet WSD tasks, if there is a specific sense for intensity/vibration (Sense 3), and the context is intense ("violently"), that usually trumps the general sense (Sense 1).

        Let's try to find counter-arguments.
        Could "rock" (Sense 4) cover "up and down"? "The ship was rocking". Ships rock up and down on waves. If a building moves up and down, it rocks. "Rock" is a synonym for Sense 4.
        However, "sway" is also a synonym. Sway is lateral.
        Sense 4 example: "the tall building swayed".
        Context: "shaking... up and down".
        If the author meant "rocking", they might have used "rocking". They used "shaking".
        "Shaking violently" maps better to "shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively" (Sense 3).

        Let's look at the gloss for Sense 3 again: "shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively".
        Gloss for Sense 1: "move or cause to move back and forth".
        "Violently" is an intensifier. "Up and down" is a direction.
        The motion of a tossed toy block is chaotic and rapid.
        Sense 3 seems to capture the *manner* (intensive/rapid) described in the text.
        Sense 4 captures the *domain* (building movement), but the direction contradicts the main synonym (sway).
        Sense 1 is the general physical movement.
        Sense 3 is the intensive movement.
        I will bet on Sense 3 because of the word "violently" and the definition "intensively". The match between "violently" and "intensively" is a strong semantic link.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Venice

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: child
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a <t>child</t>'s toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "child" in a specific sentence context.

**Context Analysis:**
The sentence is: "...as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed."
- The context describes a building shaking violently like a toy block.
- The phrase is "a child's toy block".
- This refers to a toy belonging to a young person. Toys are typically associated with young people, not offspring of any age (adult offspring), immature adults, or members of a tribe.

**Candidate Sense Analysis:**

*   **Sense 1:** `child%1:18:00::` | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor...
    *   *Analysis:* This fits perfectly. A "child's toy" implies a young person's toy. The context emphasizes the small scale and playfulness associated with toys, which links to the concept of a young person.

*   **Sense 2:** `child%1:18:01::` | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age...
    *   *Analysis:* While a child is an offspring, the phrase "child's toy" specifically evokes the image of a young individual playing, rather than the familial relationship aspect. A 40-year-old "child" (offspring) wouldn't typically have "toy blocks" in the conventional sense implied here (building toys are for the young). The emphasis is on age/maturity level relative to toys, not lineage.

*   **Sense 3:** `child%1:18:06::` | definition=an immature childish person...
    *   *Analysis:* This is metaphorical. While the shaking is described metaphorically, the specific reference is to the *toy* belonging to a child. We are talking about the category of person who plays with blocks, which is a young person (Sense 1), not necessarily someone acting immaturely (though children are immature, this sense usually refers to adults acting childishly).

*   **Sense 4:** `child%1:18:07::` | definition=a member of a clan or tribe...
    *   *Analysis:* Irrelevant to the context.

**Decision:**
The phrase "child's toy block" refers to a toy for a young person. This aligns with Sense 1 (a young person of either sex).

Sense index mapping:
1 -> sense_key=child%1:18:00::
2 -> sense_key=child%1:18:01::
3 -> sense_key=child%1:18:06::
4 -> sense_key=child%1:18:07::

Selected Sense: 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: toy
Target surface form: toy
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's <t>toy</t> block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=toy%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact designed to be played with | synonyms=plaything
2. sense_key=toy%1:06:02:: | definition=a nonfunctional replica of something else (frequently used as a modifier) | examples=a toy stove
3. sense_key=toy%1:06:03:: | definition=a device regarded as providing amusement | examples=private airplanes are a rich man's toy
4. sense_key=toy%1:06:01:: | definition=a copy that reproduces a person or thing in greatly reduced size | synonyms=miniature
5. sense_key=toy%1:05:00:: | definition=any of several breeds of very small dogs kept purely as pets | synonyms=toy dog

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's <t>toy</t> block that was being tossed."
    *   Target word: "toy"
    *   Phrase: "child's toy block"
    *   Meaning: The simile compares the shaking building to a "toy block" being tossed by a child. This implies an object used for play (blocks) which is small/manipulable compared to the building. The focus is on the nature of the object as something a child plays with.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "an artifact designed to be played with" | synonyms=plaything.
        *   Fit: "Child's toy block" fits perfectly. A block is a classic artifact designed to be played with.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a nonfunctional replica of something else (frequently used as a modifier)" | examples=a toy stove.
        *   Fit: "Toy block" *is* a modifier here grammatically ("toy block"), but a block isn't a replica of a "real" functional block in the same way a "toy stove" is a replica of a real stove. "Toy block" doesn't usually imply a replica of a "real block." It's just a block. However, the definition specifies "nonfunctional replica". A toy block *is* the object itself, not a replica of a block. This sense is usually for things like "toy gun," "toy car," etc., where the real version has a function the toy lacks. A block is just a toy.
    *   **Sense 3:** "a device regarded as providing amusement" | examples=private airplanes are a rich man's toy.
        *   Fit: No, this refers to functional items used for amusement (like a plane or a boat). A block isn't a "device" in this sense.
    *   **Sense 4:** "a copy that reproduces a person or thing in greatly reduced size" | synonyms=miniature.
        *   Fit: While a toy block is small, the word "toy" here isn't primarily defined as just "miniature" (though it implies smallness relative to the building). The core meaning is "plaything." Sense 1 covers the "plaything" aspect better. Sense 4 usually applies to things like "a toy poodle" (historically) or a miniature model. But "toy block" is a specific artifact.
    *   **Sense 5:** "any of several breeds of very small dogs kept purely as pets" | synonyms=toy dog.
        *   Fit: Incorrect. Context is about a building/shaking, not a dog.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition of a toy. The context mentions a "child's toy block." A block is a plaything.
    *   Is it Sense 2? Sense 2 says "nonfunctional replica". A "toy block" is not a replica of a "real block." A "toy stove" is a replica of a real stove. A "toy car" is a replica of a real car. But a block is inherently a toy. Therefore, Sense 2 is not appropriate.
    *   Is it Sense 4? "Toy" as "miniature"? In "toy block," does it mean "miniature block"? A block is a toy. The smallness is inherent to the object being a toy, but the definition of Sense 1 ("artifact designed to be played with") is the fundamental definition of a toy block.
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1: artifact -> plaything -> toy.
        *   Sense 2: artifact -> replica -> toy.
    *   Is a "toy block" a replica of a block? No. It *is* a block (a shape). It is used for play. It fits Sense 1.
    *   Also, consider the phrase "child's toy block". This suggests belonging to the category of things children play with.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *Re-evaluating Sense 2 vs Sense 1:*
    Sometimes WordNet uses Sense 2 for "toy [noun]". For example, "toy soldier" or "toy car".
    Let's check the gloss for Sense 2 again: "a nonfunctional replica of something else (frequently used as a modifier)".
    A block (a geometric shape) doesn't have a "functional" adult counterpart that the toy is replicating in the same way a stove or car does. You don't buy "adult blocks" for construction work (usually). You buy bricks. "Toy bricks" might be Sense 2. "Toy block"? A block is a unit of play. It is a plaything.
    The key differentiator: Is it a replica? No. It's a plaything.
    Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *Refining the choice:*
    Context: "...as though it were a child's toy block..."
    The word "toy" modifies "block".
    If "toy block" implies a miniature version of a real building block? Building blocks (concrete blocks) exist. If the text said "toy brick", it might be Sense 2 (replica/miniature).
    However, standard "blocks" (alphabet blocks, wooden blocks) are primarily defined as artifacts designed to be played with. They aren't replicas of "real blocks". They are toys.
    Therefore, Sense 1 is the primary definition.

    Let's check Sense 4 again. "a copy that reproduces a person or thing in greatly reduced size".
    While the building is compared to a small block, the word "toy" in "toy block" describes the object type, not just the size. "Toy block" is a lexicalized item. A "toy block" is a block used as a toy.
    Sense 1 fits "plaything".
    Sense 4 synonyms are "miniature". "Toy block" isn't usually synonymous with "miniature block" in the way "toy poodle" is "miniature poodle". "Toy block" is a block that is a toy.

    Conclusion: Sense 1 is the intended meaning.

    Let's double check Sense 2 modifier usage.
    Example: "a toy stove".
    Example: "a toy car".
    Example: "a toy train".
    Does "toy block" fit this pattern?
    A toy stove is a non-functional replica of a stove.
    A toy car is a non-functional replica of a car.
    A toy block? Is there a "real block"? Cinder block? Concrete block?
    Usually, "blocks" refers to the toy itself (e.g., a set of blocks). You don't usually say "toy block" to distinguish from a real block unless you are distinguishing it from, say, a cinder block. In that specific contrast, it might be Sense 2.
    However, the phrase "child's toy block" emphasizes the relationship between the child and the object (playing). "Child's plaything block".
    Also, the shaking is like a child tossing it. This highlights the *play* aspect.
    Thus, Sense 1 ("an artifact designed to be played with") captures the essence of the simile: the building is being treated like a plaything by the seismic forces.

    Final decision: Sense 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: block
Target surface form: block
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy <t>block</t> that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=block%1:06:00:: | definition=a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides) | examples=the pyramids were built with large stone blocks
2. sense_key=block%1:15:00:: | definition=a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings | synonyms=city block | examples=he lives in the next block
3. sense_key=block%1:25:01:: | definition=a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides | synonyms=cube
4. sense_key=block%1:14:00:: | definition=a number or quantity of related things dealt with as a unit | examples=he reserved a large block of seats; he held a large block of the company's stock
5. sense_key=block%1:06:06:: | definition=housing in a large building that is divided into separate units | examples=there is a block of classrooms in the west wing
6. sense_key=block%1:23:00:: | definition=(computer science) a sector or group of sectors that function as the smallest data unit permitted | examples=since blocks are often defined as a single sector, the terms `block' and `sector' are sometimes used interchangeably
7. sense_key=block%1:09:00:: | definition=an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension | synonyms=mental block | examples=I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block
8. sense_key=block%1:06:02:: | definition=a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a groove in which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the rope | synonyms=pulley, pulley-block
9. sense_key=block%1:06:04:: | definition=a metal casting containing the cylinders and cooling ducts of an engine | synonyms=engine block, cylinder block | examples=the engine had to be replaced because the block was cracked
10. sense_key=block%1:06:01:: | definition=an obstruction in a pipe or tube | synonyms=blockage, closure, occlusion, stop, stoppage | examples=we had to call a plumber to clear out the blockage in the drainpipe
11. sense_key=block%1:06:05:: | definition=a platform from which an auctioneer sells | synonyms=auction block | examples=they put their paintings on the block
12. sense_key=block%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of obstructing or deflecting someone's movements | synonyms=blocking

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy <t>block</t> that was being tossed."
    *   Situation: An earthquake is happening. A building is shaking violently.
    *   Simile: The building is being compared to a "child's toy block" being tossed.
    *   Key attributes: It's a toy, it's a physical object, it's being tossed (implying a solid object with mass and shape, likely rectangular/cubic), it represents a building in a miniature/toy form.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1: a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)* - Example: stone blocks. This fits the physical description of a toy block (like a wooden block or a Lego brick).
    *   *Sense 2: a rectangular area in a city...* - City block. Doesn't fit "child's toy".
    *   *Sense 3: a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides* - Synonym: cube. This is very close. Toy blocks are often cubes or rectangular prisms.
    *   *Sense 4: a number or quantity of related things...* - Abstract grouping. Doesn't fit.
    *   *Sense 5: housing in a large building...* - Not a physical toy.
    *   *Sense 6: computer science sector...* - Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 7: an inability to remember...* - Mental block. Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 8: pulley...* - Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 9: engine block...* - Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 10: obstruction in a pipe...* - Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 11: auction block...* - Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 12: act of obstructing...* - Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Context: "child's toy block".
    *   Sense 1: "a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)". Example: "stone blocks". This captures the material/solid aspect of a toy block (usually wood or plastic).
    *   Sense 3: "a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides". Synonym: "cube". This describes the geometry.
    *   Distinction: Toy blocks are often referred to simply as "blocks" (e.g., "building blocks", "alphabet blocks"). While they are geometric shapes (Sense 3), the primary lexical sense for a toy object made of material is usually the "solid piece" sense (Sense 1).
    *   Let's look at the examples provided in WordNet for Sense 1: "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks". These are construction materials.
    *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 3: "a three-dimensional shape...". This is a geometric shape hypernym.
    *   In common parlance, a "child's toy block" is a specific object, a solid piece of wood/plastic. Sense 1 ("a solid piece of something") feels more semantically appropriate for a tangible object manipulated by a child than Sense 3, which is a definition of a geometric shape (a cube).
    *   However, let's check the hypernym hierarchy or standard usage. "Toy block" usually refers to the object defined by Sense 1. Sense 3 is listed as "cube" in some versions of WordNet.
    *   Actually, Sense 1 is the general sense for physical blocks (stone blocks, wood blocks, toy blocks). Sense 3 is specific to the geometric shape (cube). While a toy block is a cube, it is conceptually a "solid piece of something" used for building or playing.
    *   Consider the phrase "child's toy block". Is it a "solid piece of something" or a "three-dimensional shape"? It's both. But Sense 1 is the primary sense for physical objects called "blocks" (like a block of wood, a chopping block, a toy block). Sense 3 is usually restricted to the geometry (cube). If I say "a block of ice", it's Sense 1. If I say "a toy block", it's a small solid piece of wood. Sense 1 seems to capture the "substance/object" nature better than Sense 3, which is purely geometric.
    *   Let's check the synset offsets/definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: `block%1:06:00::` -> "a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)".
        *   Sense 3: `block%1:25:01::` -> "a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides".
    *   A toy block is a physical artifact. Sense 1 describes a physical artifact (a solid piece). Sense 3 describes a shape. A toy block *has* the shape, but *is* a solid piece of material. The "something" in Sense 1 corresponds to the wood or plastic of the toy.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Target: "child's toy block".
    *   Definition chosen: a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides).
    *   Does it fit? Yes. A toy block is a solid piece of wood/plastic with rectangular sides.

    *   Why not Sense 3? Sense 3 defines a "cube". While a toy block is often a cube, the term "block" in "toy block" refers to the object type (a building unit, a solid piece), aligning with Sense 1 (like stone blocks). Sense 3 is often the specific geometric term.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks". This analogy (toy blocks for building) fits perfectly with the building mentioned in the context shaking like a toy block.

    Conclusion: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: toss
Target surface form: tossed
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being <t>tossed</t>. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=toss%2:35:04:: | definition=throw or toss with a light motion | synonyms=flip, sky, pitch | examples=flip me the beachball; toss me newspaper
2. sense_key=toss%2:38:00:: | definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | synonyms=flip | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin!
3. sense_key=toss%2:35:05:: | definition=throw carelessly | synonyms=chuck | examples=chuck the ball
4. sense_key=toss%2:38:01:: | definition=move or stir about violently | synonyms=convulse, thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash | examples=The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed
5. sense_key=toss%2:40:00:: | definition=throw or cast away | synonyms=discard, fling, toss out, toss away, chuck out, cast aside | examples=Put away your worries
6. sense_key=toss%2:35:00:: | definition=agitate | examples=toss the salad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** toss
    *   **Target surface form:** tossed
    *   **Context:** The building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed.
    *   **Meaning in context:** The sentence describes a building shaking violently during an earthquake. The simile compares the building to a "child's toy block that was being tossed." A child tossing a toy block would imply moving it around, perhaps throwing it up in the air or shaking it. The key aspect here is the violent movement/motion, often associated with being thrown or shaken back and forth or up and down.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `toss%2:35:04::` | definition=throw or toss with a light motion | synonyms=flip, sky, pitch | examples=flip me the beachball...
        *   *Analysis:* This implies a specific action of throwing something with a light motion. While a child might toss a toy block, the context emphasizes the *violent shaking* of the building. "Light motion" seems contradictory to "shaking violently up and down." However, looking at the simile, the *cause* of the block's movement is a child tossing it. But let's look at the other senses to see if there's a better fit for the *manner* of motion or the general movement described.

    *   **Sense 2:** `toss%2:38:00::` | definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | synonyms=flip | examples=I don't know what to do...
        *   *Analysis:* This is specific to coin tossing. Irrelevant here.

    *   **Sense 3:** `toss%2:35:05::` | definition=throw carelessly | synonyms=chuck | examples=chuck the ball
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 1, but emphasizes carelessness. Doesn't quite capture the "shaking violently" aspect or the repetitive/continuous nature implied by the earthquake comparison.

    *   **Sense 4:** `toss%2:38:01::` | definition=move or stir about violently | synonyms=convulse, thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash | examples=The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on the *violent movement* itself. The context says the building was "shaking violently up and down." The definition "move or stir about violently" matches the description of the building's movement perfectly. While the simile structure ("as though it were a toy block that was being tossed") implies an agent (child) throwing it, the *result* of that tossing in this specific context is the violent shaking. The word "tossed" here is being used to describe the violent agitation of the object. The synonyms "convulse," "thresh," "thrash" align well with the earthquake's effect on the building. Even though a toy block is an object and usually gets "thrown" (Sense 1/3), the specific description "shaking violently up and down" pushes the meaning towards the physical agitation/shaking sense. If a block is being tossed about, it is moving violently. This sense captures the *manner of movement* described in the preceding clause ("shaking violently up and down").

    *   **Sense 5:** `toss%2:40:00::` | definition=throw or cast away | synonyms=discard, fling...
        *   *Analysis:* The building isn't being thrown away/discarded.

    *   **Sense 6:** `toss%2:35:00::` | definition=agitate | examples=toss the salad
        *   *Analysis:* This implies mixing ingredients. Not quite right for a building or a toy block.

3.  **Re-evaluating Sense 1 vs Sense 4:**

    *   *Argument for Sense 1:* A child tosses a toy block. This is the literal act of throwing. The sentence is a simile: the building *moved like* a toy block that is being tossed. So, the *act* being referred to is the act of throwing a toy.
    *   *Argument for Sense 4:* The context highlights "shaking violently up and down." Sense 4 defines "toss" as "move or stir about violently." If you toss a toy block (specifically, if you are shaking it or tossing it up and down repeatedly, or if the tossing results in it flying around), the definition "move or stir about violently" applies to the state of the object *while* being tossed. The synonym "convulse" is very strong for an earthquake context. The WordNet hierarchy often distinguishes between "throwing" (change of location/possession) and "moving/shaking" (body movement or movement in place).
    *   Let's check the context constraints again. "The building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed."
    *   Is the focus on the projectile motion (Sense 1/3) or the violent agitation (Sense 4)?
    *   If I toss a ball (Sense 1), it goes from A to B.
    *   If a patient is tossing in bed (Sense 4), they are moving violently back and forth/up and down.
    *   The building is moving "violently up and down". This matches the "move or stir about violently" definition perfectly. While the surface syntax involves a child's toy block (which usually implies Sense 1), the *meaning* of the word in this specific context, describing the violent shaking motion, aligns with Sense 4. The building isn't flying across the city; it is trembling/shaking/tossing *in place* (or feeling like it). The "toy block" might be being tossed *in the hand* (shaken) or thrown, but the resulting motion described for the building is the violent agitation.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed."
    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: "throw or toss with a light motion". The context says "shaking violently". "Light motion" is the antithesis of "shaking violently". Therefore, Sense 1 is a poor fit for the modifier "violently".
    *   Sense 3: "throw carelessly". Again, implies projection/distance, not necessarily the violent shaking in place described.
    *   Sense 4: "move or stir about violently". This matches the adverb "violently" and the motion "up and down". This sense is used for things tossing in a storm, or people tossing in bed. It fits the building's motion during an earthquake.

    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the best choice because the context emphasizes the violent, agitated movement (synonyms: convulse, thrash) rather than a light, projectile throw.

4.  **Final decision:** Sense 4.

    *   Sense Key: `toss%2:38:01::` -> Index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: library
Target surface form: library
Context:
I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main <t>library</t> when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=library%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where books are kept | examples=they had brandy in the library
2. sense_key=library%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing
3. sense_key=library%1:06:00:: | definition=a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study | synonyms=depository library
4. sense_key=library%1:14:01:: | definition=(computing) a collection of standard programs and subroutines that are stored and available for immediate use | synonyms=program library, subroutine library
5. sense_key=library%1:06:02:: | definition=a building that houses a collection of books and other materials

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "library" in the sentence: "I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit."

Let me analyze the context:
- The narrator is in the Berkeley Main library when an earthquake hits
- They mention being in a room/building with "huge windows" that might "buckle and shower us with glass"
- The context clearly refers to a physical location where people are present
- "Berkeley Main library" is a proper noun referring to a specific library building

Let me evaluate the senses:

1. sense_key=library%1:06:01:: - "a room where books are kept" - example: "they had brandy in the library"
   - This refers to a room within a house, like a private library room
   - Not quite right for "Berkeley Main library" which seems to be a public building

2. sense_key=library%1:14:00:: - "a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing"
   - This refers to the collection itself, not the physical location
   - Doesn't fit because the narrator is physically "in" the library

3. sense_key=library%1:06:00:: - "a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study"
   - This refers to a building/institution for storing books
   - Could work, as the narrator is in a library building

4. sense_key=library%1:14:01:: - "(computing) a collection of standard programs and subroutines"
   - Computing sense, clearly not relevant here

5. sense_key=library%1:06:02:: - "a building that houses a collection of books and other materials"
   - This specifically refers to a building
   - The context shows someone being physically inside ("I was in the Berkeley Main library")
   - The mention of "huge windows" and the building shaking confirms this is a physical building

Looking at senses 3 and 5 more carefully:
- Sense 3: "a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study" - synonyms: depository library
- Sense 5: "a building that houses a collection of books and other materials"

The key difference seems to be:
- Sense 3 emphasizes it as a "depository" (a place for storing/preserving)
- Sense 5 emphasizes it as a "building"

In this context, the narrator is clearly inside a building (mentions windows, building shaking). "Berkeley Main library" is a public library building. The focus is on the physical structure where people are present during an earthquake.

I think sense 5 is the best fit because:
1. The context clearly establishes this is a building (building shaking, windows)
2. "Berkeley Main library" is a public library building
3. The narrator is physically "in" the library

Let me reconsider sense 3 vs 5:
- Sense 3 has "depository" emphasis and synonym "depository library"
- Sense 5 specifically says "a building"

The context emphasizes being in a building during an earthquake. The building is shaking, there are huge windows. This points to sense 5 being about the physical building.

However, I should note that both senses 1, 3, and 5 could potentially apply to being in a physical space. But:
- Sense 1 is more like a private room in a house (like "they had brandy in the library")
- Sense 3 is about a depository/institution
- Sense 5 is specifically about the building

For "Berkeley Main library" - a named public library - and given the emphasis on the physical building structure (windows, shaking), sense 5 seems most appropriate.

Wait, let me reconsider. Sense 3 says "a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study" - this also describes a building (depository built...). And it specifically mentions "for reading and study" which is what a public library is for.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 3: emphasizes the function as a depository for reading and study
- Sense 5: emphasizes it as a building that houses a collection

Both could work. But sense 5 specifically uses the word "building" in the gloss, which matches the context where the building is shaking.

Let me check if there's any distinction in WordNet between these. Sense 3 is "depository library" which might be a more specific type. Sense 5 is the general building sense.

For "Berkeley Main library" (a public library building), and given the context emphasizing the physical building structure, I believe sense 5 is the best fit.

Actually, I need to be more careful. Let me think about what "Berkeley Main Library" typically refers to - it's a public library, a building that houses books for public use. The context shows someone inside this building during an earthquake.

Sense 5: "a building that houses a collection of books and other materials" - this perfectly captures what the Berkeley Main Library is - a building.

I'll go with sense 5.

{"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hit
Target surface form: hit
Context:
I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it <t>hit</t>. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hit%2:35:03:: | definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. sense_key=hit%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. sense_key=hit%2:35:00:: | definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. sense_key=hit%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. sense_key=hit%2:33:01:: | definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. sense_key=hit%2:40:05:: | definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. sense_key=hit%2:33:02:: | definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. sense_key=hit%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. sense_key=hit%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. sense_key=hit%2:41:00:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. sense_key=hit%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. sense_key=hit%2:38:07:: | definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. sense_key=hit%2:35:02:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. sense_key=hit%2:34:00:: | definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. sense_key=hit%2:33:03:: | definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. sense_key=hit%2:32:12:: | definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine the best sense for "hit" in this passage.

The context describes an earthquake ("temblor") experience. The sentence in question is: "I was in the Berkeley Main library when it <t>hit</t>."

Here, "it" refers to the earthquake/temblor. The earthquake is described as hitting - meaning it arrived or struck the location where the narrator was.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. "cause to move by striking" - This doesn't fit. An earthquake doesn't cause something to move by striking it in this sense.

2. "hit against; come into sudden contact with" - This could work for physical objects colliding, but an earthquake isn't really colliding with the library in a physical sense.

3. "deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument" - This is about physically striking something, which doesn't fit an earthquake.

4. "reach a destination, either real or abstract" - This could work - the earthquake reached the Berkeley Main library. The examples "We hit Detroit by noon" show arrival at a location.

5. "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" - This also fits well. Earthquakes affect/afflict suddenly and adversely. The examples mention being "hit by really bad weather" which is similar to being hit by an earthquake.

6. "hit with a missile from a weapon" - Not applicable.

7. "encounter by chance" - Not applicable.

8. "gain points in a game" - Not applicable.

9. "cause to experience suddenly" - This could also work. The example "Panic struck me" is similar to an earthquake striking/hitting a location.

10. "make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy" - Not applicable.

11. "kill intentionally and with premeditation" - Not applicable.

12. "drive something violently into a location" - Not applicable.

13. "reach a point in time, or a certain state or level" - Not applicable in this context.

14. "produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments" - Not applicable.

15. "consume to excess" - Not applicable.

16. "hit the intended target or goal" - Could somewhat apply but not the best fit.

17. "pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to" - Not applicable.

The most fitting senses appear to be:
- Sense 4: "reach a destination" - The earthquake reached/arrived at the library
- Sense 5: "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" - The earthquake suddenly affected the library
- Sense 9: "cause to experience suddenly" - The earthquake caused the people to experience it suddenly

Looking at the examples more closely:
- Sense 4 has "We hit Detroit by noon" - arrival
- Sense 5 has "We were hit by really bad weather" - this is very similar to being hit by an earthquake
- Sense 9 has "Panic struck me" - emotional/experiential

The phrase "when it hit" in this context is most similar to "when the storm hit" or "when disaster hit" - it's about the sudden arrival and impact of a natural event.

Sense 5 "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" with synonyms like "strike" and examples like "We were hit by really bad weather" seems most appropriate for an earthquake hitting a location. The earthquake is a natural phenomenon that suddenly affects a place adversely, similar to bad weather hitting.

However, sense 4 "reach a destination" with examples like "We hit Detroit by noon" could also apply - the earthquake reached the library.

Let me think about this more carefully. When we say "the earthquake hit," we're talking about:
1. The earthquake arriving at/reaching the location (sense 4)
2. The earthquake affecting the location suddenly (sense 5)

Both interpretations are valid. But looking at the definition of sense 5: "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" with the synonym "strike" - this seems to capture the essence of what an earthquake does when it "hits" a place. Earthquakes are adverse events that suddenly affect a location.

The example "We were hit by really bad weather" in sense 5 is semantically very close to "I was in the Berkeley Main library when it [the earthquake] hit."

Sense 5 is the most appropriate for this context. The index is 5.

Wait, let me double-check the numbering. The senses are numbered 1-17 in the list. Sense 5 corresponds to:
sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager

Yes, this is index 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: endless
Target surface form: Endless
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. <t>Endless</t> seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:long:02 | definition=tiresomely long; seemingly without end | synonyms=eternal, interminable | examples=endless debates; an endless conversation
2. sense_key=endless%5:00:02:infinite:00 | definition=infinitely great in number | examples=endless waves
3. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:infinite:00 | definition=having no known beginning and presumably no end | synonyms=dateless, sempiternal | examples=the dateless rise and fall of the tides; time is endless
4. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:continuous:01 | definition=having the ends united so as to form a continuous whole | examples=an endless chain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target lemma is "endless". The target surface form is "Endless". The context is describing a moment during an earthquake.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass."
    *   Situation: An earthquake is happening. The narrator is experiencing fear and suspense.
    *   Meaning: The "seconds" of the earthquake felt very long to the narrator because of the stress and danger, even though objectively seconds are a finite, short duration. The subjective experience is one of time stretching out.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `endless%5:00:00:long:02`
        *   Definition: "tiresomely long; seemingly without end"
        *   Synonyms: "eternal, interminable"
        *   Examples: "endless debates", "an endless conversation"
        *   Fit: This matches the subjective feeling of time dragging on during a stressful event. The definition explicitly mentions "seemingly without end," which fits the idea that a few seconds felt like they would never stop. "Tiresomely long" captures the dread/exhaustion of the moment.

    *   **Sense 2:** `endless%5:00:02:infinite:00`
        *   Definition: "infinitely great in number"
        *   Examples: "endless waves"
        *   Fit: This refers to quantity (number), not duration of time or subjective length. "Endless seconds" refers to the duration feeling long, not an infinite number of seconds. This doesn't fit.

    *   **Sense 3:** `endless%5:00:00:infinite:00`
        *   Definition: "having no known beginning and presumably no end"
        *   Synonyms: "dateless, sempiternal"
        *   Examples: "the dateless rise and fall of the tides", "time is endless"
        *   Fit: This refers to metaphysical infinity or geological time scales. The earthquake seconds had a beginning and an end, they just *felt* endless. This is too literal/abstract.

    *   **Sense 4:** `endless%5:00:00:continuous:01`
        *   Definition: "having the ends united so as to form a continuous whole"
        *   Examples: "an endless chain"
        *   Fit: This is a physical/structural definition (like a loop). It does not apply to the concept of time duration here.

4.  **Comparison and Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *subjective experience* of time being long and tiresome ("seemingly without end").
    *   The context describes a terrifying moment where seconds feel like they are dragging on forever.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: second
Target surface form: seconds
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless <t>seconds</t> wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=second%1:28:00:: | definition=1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites | synonyms=sec, s
2. sense_key=second%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, minute, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=second%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the second of the bases in the infield | synonyms=second base
4. sense_key=second%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, minute, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
5. sense_key=second%1:24:00:: | definition=following the first in an ordering or series | examples=he came in a close second
6. sense_key=second%1:23:00:: | definition=a 60th part of a minute of arc | synonyms=arcsecond | examples=the treasure is 2 minutes and 45 seconds south of here
7. sense_key=second%1:18:00:: | definition=the official attendant of a contestant in a duel or boxing match
8. sense_key=second%1:10:00:: | definition=a speech seconding a motion | synonyms=secondment, endorsement, indorsement | examples=do I hear a second?
9. sense_key=second%1:06:00:: | definition=the gear that has the second lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle | synonyms=second gear | examples=he had to shift down into second to make the hill
10. sense_key=second%1:06:01:: | definition=merchandise that has imperfections; usually sold at a reduced price without the brand name | synonyms=irregular

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   **Target lemma**: second
    *   **Target surface form**: seconds (plural noun)
    *   **Context**: "Endless <t>seconds</t> wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." The context describes an earthquake. The speaker is describing the duration of the event ("Endless seconds") and the feeling of time passing during a crisis.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: "1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time..." (specific unit of measurement).
    *   **Sense 2**: "an indefinitely short time" (synonyms: moment, mo, minute, bit).
    *   **Sense 3**: Baseball position (second base). - Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 4**: "a particular point in time" (synonyms: moment, minute, instant). - This refers to a point, not a duration.
    *   **Sense 5**: Ordinal number/position (he came in a close second). - Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 6**: Arc second (geometry/astronomy). - Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 7**: Attendant in a duel/boxing. - Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 8**: Speech seconding a motion. - Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 9**: Second gear. - Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 10**: Merchandise with imperfections (seconds). - Irrelevant.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   The context says "Endless seconds wondering...".
    *   **Sense 1** refers to the precise unit of time (60 seconds = 1 minute). While earthquakes are measured in seconds, the phrase "Endless seconds" implies a subjective experience of duration rather than a precise count of SI units. However, "seconds" is the plural of the specific unit. If I say "it took 10 seconds", I use sense 1.
    *   **Sense 2** defines "an indefinitely short time" with synonyms like "moment, mo, minute, bit". The example is "wait just a moment".
    *   Let's look at the nuance. Is "seconds" here referring to the specific scientific unit (Sense 1) or is it used as a synonym for "moments" (Sense 2)?
    *   In the phrase "Endless seconds", "seconds" is being used to quantify the duration. The adjective "Endless" modifies it.
    *   If the author meant "moments", they might have written "Endless moments".
    *   However, "seconds" is most fundamentally the unit of time (Sense 1). Does Sense 2 actually cover the plural noun "seconds"? The definition says "an indefinitely short time". Synonyms: "moment, mo, minute, bit". Usually, "second" in the sense of "moment" is singular (e.g., "Just a second"). "Wait a second" is often Sense 2.
    *   But here we have "Endless seconds". This implies a duration made up of multiple units of time.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "1/60 of a minute". This is the primary definition. When we count time passing (1 second, 2 seconds, 30 seconds), we are using Sense 1.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "an indefinitely short time". If I say "it happened in a second", it could be Sense 2 (metaphorical short time). If I say "it happened in 30 seconds", it's Sense 1.
    *   The context says "Endless seconds". Even though "endless" is hyperbolic, the use of "seconds" refers to the standard units of time during which the earthquake occurred. It refers to the duration measured in seconds.
    *   Is there a distinction in WordNet?
        *   Sense 1 (second%1:28:00::) is the unit.
        *   Sense 2 (second%1:28:01::) is "moment, mo, minute, bit".
    *   In common usage, "seconds" (plural) usually refers to the specific units (Sense 1). "Wait a second" (singular) often overlaps with Sense 2. "Endless seconds" treats the seconds as discrete (or continuous aggregate) units of time passing.
    *   The text emphasizes the duration ("Endless"). This implies the counting or passage of specific time units. Therefore, Sense 1 is the core meaning. Sense 2 is usually reserved for the singular form indicating an indeterminate short instant (like "moment"). "Endless moments" would fit Sense 2 synonyms better. "Endless seconds" relies on the concept of the unit of time (Sense 1).
    *   Let's double-check if "seconds" can be Sense 2. "Wait a second" -> Sense 2. "Wait a few seconds" -> Sense 1. "Endless seconds" -> plural, referring to the accumulation of time units. It feels like Sense 1.
    *   Sense 4 ("a particular point in time") is distinct (instant). Here we have duration.

    *   Comparison:
        *   Sense 1: The precise unit. "It took 5 seconds."
        *   Sense 2: An indefinite short time. "Just a second!"
    *   Context: "Endless seconds".
    *   Logic: The author is describing the passage of time during an earthquake. Earthquakes are measured in seconds. The duration is composed of seconds. This refers to the unit of time (Sense 1). The use of "Endless" modifies the perceived length of these units.
    *   Sense 2 is defined as "an indefinitely short time" (synonyms: moment, minute, bit). The word "Endless" contradicts "short", though "Endless moments" is a common phrase. However, "seconds" is the physical unit.
    *   Crucially, WordNet distinguishes the "unit of time" (Sense 1) from the vague "short time" (Sense 2). When someone refers to specific counts or durations, it is Sense 1. "Endless seconds" is a figurative description of the duration (Sense 1), rather than the word "second" meaning "moment" (Sense 2). If the text said "Endless moments", I would pick the equivalent sense for moment. But "seconds" refers to the seconds on the clock (conceptually). Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct selection.

    Let's verify.
    Target: seconds.
    Context: "Endless seconds".
    Sense 1: Unit of time.
    Sense 2: Indefinitely short time.
    Usually, the plural "seconds" refers to the unit (Sense 1). "I'll be there in seconds" -> Sense 1 (short duration made of units). "Wait a second" -> Sense 2 (moment).
    The "Endless" modifier suggests the duration feels long, but the noun "seconds" refers to the units of time that are ticking by.
    Most WSD systems would tag "seconds" (plural) as the unit (Sense 1).

    Sense 4: "particular point in time". The text mentions duration ("Endless"), not a specific point (e.g., "At that second, the window broke"). The wondering happened *during* the seconds. This is duration. Sense 1 covers duration (as a sum of units).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wonder
Target surface form: wondering
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds <t>wondering</t> if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wonder%2:31:00:: | definition=have a wish or desire to know something | synonyms=inquire, enquire | examples=He wondered who had built this beautiful church
2. sense_key=wonder%2:32:01:: | definition=place in doubt or express doubtful speculation | synonyms=question | examples=I wonder whether this was the right thing to do; she wondered whether it would snow tonight
3. sense_key=wonder%2:32:12:: | definition=be amazed at | synonyms=marvel | examples=We marvelled at the child's linguistic abilities

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:**
    *   Lemma: *wonder*
    *   Surface form: *wondering*
    *   Part of speech: Verb (participle form).

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The context describes an earthquake ("temblors", "shaking violently").
    *   The narrator is in the Berkeley Main library.
    *   The specific sentence is: "Endless seconds <t>wondering</t> if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass."
    *   The subject is experiencing uncertainty and fear during the event. They are thinking about a specific outcome (windows buckling).

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `wonder%2:31:00::`
        *   Definition: "have a wish or desire to know something"
        *   Synonyms: *inquire, enquire*
        *   Examples: "He wondered who had built this beautiful church"
        *   Fit: This sense usually implies curiosity or a desire for information. While the narrator does want to know if the windows will break, the nuance of "inquire/enquire" feels too active or academic for a life-or-death moment of panic. It's not just wanting to know a fact; it's speculation about an outcome.

    *   **Sense 2:** `wonder%2:32:01::`
        *   Definition: "place in doubt or express doubtful speculation"
        *   Synonyms: *question*
        *   Examples: "I wonder whether this was the right thing to do; she wondered whether it would snow tonight"
        *   Fit: This sense involves speculating about possibilities, often framed as "wondering if" or "wondering whether." The context "wondering if those huge windows would buckle" fits this perfectly. The narrator is speculating about a potential future event (the windows breaking). There is doubt and uncertainty involved. The structure "wondering if [clause]" aligns well with the examples provided for this sense.

    *   **Sense 3:** `wonder%2:32:12::`
        *   Definition: "be amazed at"
        *   Synonyms: *marvel*
        *   Examples: "We marvelled at the child's linguistic abilities"
        *   Fit: This is about awe or admiration. The context is an earthquake where the narrator is fearing for safety. They are not admiring the windows; they are terrified they will break. This sense is clearly incorrect.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "desire to know." One could argue the narrator wants to know the outcome.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on "doubtful speculation."
    *   The phrase "wondering if" is the key here. In WordNet and general usage, "wondering if/whether" regarding an outcome is distinct from "wondering [question word]" (who, what, where). "Wondering who built the church" (Sense 1) seeks specific information. "Wondering whether it would snow" (Sense 2) speculates on a condition. The earthquake context involves speculating on a condition (will the windows break?). The definition "place in doubt or express doubtful speculation" captures the anxiety and the conditional nature of the thought process better than the simple "desire to know."

    *   Let's check the hypernyms/hierarchy logic usually applied in WSD.
        *   Sense 1 (desire to know) -> cognition.
        *   Sense 2 (speculate/doubt) -> cognition (thinking).
    *   The examples for Sense 2 ("she wondered whether it would snow tonight") are structurally identical to the context ("wondering if those huge windows would buckle").
    *   The examples for Sense 1 ("wondered who had built this beautiful church") involve seeking specific factual information.
    *   In the context of the earthquake, the narrator isn't trying to learn a fact; they are anxiously speculating on a future possibility. This aligns with Sense 2.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 3 is out (no amazement/marveling).
    *   Sense 1 is weak (not inquiring/seeking information in the standard sense).
    *   Sense 2 is the best fit (speculating on a doubtful outcome).

6.  **Final Output Generation:**
    *   Selected index: 2.
    *   Format: JSON.

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