[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sort
Target surface form: sort
Context:
It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same <t>sort</t> of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sort%1:09:00:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, form, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
2. sense_key=sort%1:07:00:: | definition=an approximate definition or example | examples=she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing
3. sense_key=sort%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a particular character or nature | examples=what sort of person is he?; he's a good sort
4. sense_key=sort%1:22:00:: | definition=an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion | synonyms=sorting | examples=the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "sort" (noun) in the phrase "the same sort of verbal fireworks".
2.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week."
    *   "Verbal fireworks" refers to arguments, heated exchanges, or dramatic speech.
    *   "The same sort of" implies a category or type of event/behavior.
    *   The phrase is "sort of [noun phrase]".
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" | synonyms: kind, form, variety | examples: "sculpture is a form of art", "what kinds of desserts are there?"
        *   *Fit:* "the same [category/kind] of verbal fireworks". This fits perfectly. It classifies the "verbal fireworks" as belonging to a specific category (the same one as before). "Kind" is a strong synonym here.
    *   **Sense 2:** "an approximate definition or example" | examples: "she wore a sort of magenta dress", "she served a creamy sort of dessert thing"
        *   *Fit:* This sense usually implies vagueness or approximation (like "sort of" meaning "somewhat" or "resembling"). The context here is "the *same* sort", implying specific identity/categorization rather than vague approximation. The speaker isn't saying "it was sort of verbal fireworks" (approximation); they are saying it is the *same category* of verbal fireworks.
    *   **Sense 3:** "a person of a particular character or nature" | examples: "what sort of person is he?", "he's a good sort"
        *   *Fit:* The context is discussing an event ("verbal fireworks"), not a person. Incorrect.
    *   **Sense 4:** "an operation that segregates items into groups..." | synonyms: sorting
        *   *Fit:* This refers to the action of sorting (noun derived from verb). The context uses "sort" as a classifier/category noun. Incorrect.
4.  **Select the Best Sense:** Sense 1 matches the meaning of "category", "type", or "kind". The phrase "the same sort of X" means "the same kind/type of X". This aligns with Sense 1.
5.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is the index of the chosen sense.
    *   Index 1 corresponds to Sense 1.

Final check: "The same [category/kind] of verbal fireworks." -> Sense 1.

provider: Baidu


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target lemma is "week" and the surface form is "week".
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>."
    *   Context clues: "the past week" refers to a duration of time.
    *   The text discusses climate talks/negotiations ("talks", "negotiation text").
    *   "Friday" is mentioned as a specific day.
    *   The phrase "for the past week" indicates a span of seven days preceding "Friday".
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `week%1:28:00::` | Definition: "any period of seven consecutive days" | Synonyms: "hebdomad" | Examples: "it rained for a week". This fits the general usage of "a week" as a duration measure without specific reference to the work cycle or a specific calendar start day (Sunday vs Monday). The context talks about the duration of the talks ("dominated the talks for the past week").
    *   **Sense 2**: `week%1:28:01::` | Definition: "hours or days of work in a calendar week" | Synonyms: "workweek" | Examples: "they worked a 40-hour week". This refers specifically to labor hours/days. The context is about political negotiations, not a standard workweek employment contract context. This is unlikely.
    *   **Sense 3**: `week%1:28:02::` | Definition: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" | Synonyms: "calendar week". This refers to a specific calendar week. While "the past week" implies a calendar period, usually "calendar week" implies the unit on a calendar starting on Sunday. However, in general discourse, "the past week" usually refers to the rolling 7-day period leading up to the present moment (Sense 1), rather than the specific calendar unit starting on Sunday. Sense 1 ("any period of seven consecutive days") is the broader definition that covers "a week ago from now". Sense 3 is specific to the calendar grid. In news reports about events happening over a duration, Sense 1 is the standard mapping.
4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3**:
    *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days". "For the past week" implies a duration of approximately 7 days prior to Friday.
    *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".
    *   "The past week" usually functions as a general time duration (Sense 1). It doesn't necessarily matter if it started on a Sunday. The focus is on the length of time (7 days) and the continuity of the "verbal fireworks".
    *   WordNet usually distinguishes between the general duration (Sense 1) and the specific calendar definition (Sense 3).
    *   Let's check the example for Sense 1: "it rained for a week". This matches "dominated the talks for the past week".
    *   Let's check Sense 3. If the text said "the first week of December" or "next week on the calendar", Sense 3 might be stronger if the calendar start day was relevant, but often Sense 1 covers generic durations. "Any period of seven consecutive days" is the definition most suited for "the past week" (a rolling window).
5.  **Conclusion**: Sense 1 is the best fit. It describes the duration of the event (the talks/fireworks) over a period of seven days. Sense 2 is incorrect (labor). Sense 3 is too specific regarding the start day (Sunday) and implies a calendar grid structure rather than a relative duration.
6.  **Format the output**: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special <t>climate</t> envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "climate" in the given context.

The context is about climate change negotiations, specifically about:
1. A UN document focusing on emissions cuts by industrial and developing nations
2. The European Union pledging money to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change
3. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern's position on binding cuts vs. voluntary ones

The target word appears in the phrase "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern" where "climate" is describing the type of envoy Todd Stern is - he's a special envoy dealing with climate issues.

Let's look at the two candidate senses:

Sense 1: "the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time"
- Synonyms: clime
- Examples: "the dank climate of southern Wales"; "plants from a cold clime travel best in winter"

Sense 2: "the prevailing psychological state"
- Synonyms: mood
- Examples: "the climate of opinion"; "the national mood had changed radically since the last election"

In this context, "climate" is being used to describe the type of envoy. Todd Stern is a U.S. special envoy who deals with climate issues - specifically climate change, emissions, and related international negotiations. This is referring to the physical/natural phenomenon of climate (weather patterns over time) rather than a psychological state or mood.

The context is clearly about climate change as an environmental issue - discussing emissions, greenhouse gases, floods, droughts, etc. These are all related to Sense 1, which refers to the weather/climate as a natural phenomenon.

Sense 2 refers to "climate" in a metaphorical sense, like "climate of opinion" which relates to psychological states or social moods. This is not what's being discussed here.

Therefore, the best sense for "climate" in this context is Sense 1 - "the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time." While the term is being used in a compound noun phrase "climate envoy" and specifically in the context of "climate change," it still fundamentally refers to the physical climate (Sense 1) rather than a psychological state (Sense 2).

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: envoy
Target surface form: envoy
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=envoy%1:18:00:: | definition=a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador | synonyms=envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary
2. sense_key=envoy%1:18:01:: | definition=someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else | synonyms=emissary
3. sense_key=envoy%1:10:00:: | definition=a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry | synonyms=envoi

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: envoy
    *   Target surface form: envoy
    *   Context snippet: "U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts..."
    *   Context summary: The text discusses international climate negotiations. Michael Zammit Cutajar drafted a document. Yvo de Boer is a U.N. official. The EU pledged money. Todd Stern is identified as a "U.S. special climate envoy" who rejected specific language regarding emissions cuts. He represents the U.S. administration (Obama administration) in these talks.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador". Synonyms: envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary.
    *   Sense 2: "someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else". Synonyms: emissary.
    *   Sense 3: "a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry". Synonyms: envoi.

3.  **Evaluate Sense 3:**
    *   Definition: poetic stanza.
    *   Context match: Todd Stern is a person involved in political negotiations, not a stanza in a poem.
    *   Result: Incorrect.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: diplomat with less authority than an ambassador (often a specific diplomatic rank like Minister Plenipotentiary).
    *   Context match: Todd Stern is a diplomat representing the U.S. However, the title "Special Envoy" usually refers to a specific appointment for a specific issue (climate), often direct to the President or Secretary of State, rather than the specific diplomatic rank of "Minister" or "Envoy Extraordinary" defined in traditional diplomatic hierarchy (which ranks below Ambassador). While he is a diplomat, the specific gloss here ("having less authority than an ambassador") refers to a rank, whereas the context focuses on the *role* of being sent to represent the US on a specific topic (climate).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2.

5.  **Evaluate Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else. Synonyms: emissary.
    *   Context match: Todd Stern is sent by the U.S. (specifically the Obama administration mentioned later) to the climate talks to represent U.S. interests. The phrase "special climate envoy" fits perfectly with "someone sent on a mission". He is an emissary for the U.S. government on climate issues.
    *   Comparison with Sense 1: Sense 1 is a technical diplomatic rank definition. While Stern was a diplomat, the usage here emphasizes his role as a messenger/representative on a specific mission (special envoy). Sense 2 captures the general function of the role described: "U.S. special climate envoy" = a representative sent on a mission regarding climate.
    *   Common usage: In modern journalism and political contexts, "envoy" is often used synonymously with "emissary" or "representative" (Sense 2), especially with modifiers like "special envoy". Sense 1 is the technical WordNet definition for the specific diplomatic rank "Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary". The text calls him "U.S. special climate envoy". This implies a functional role (Sense 2) rather than necessarily the specific rank described in Sense 1 (though he may hold a rank, the text focuses on the function of representing the US in the talks).
    *   Let's re-read the gloss for Sense 1: "a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador".
    *   Let's re-read the gloss for Sense 2: "someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else".
    *   Todd Stern was the United States Special Envoy for Climate Change. He acted as the chief negotiator. He represented the interests of the US.
    *   Is he an "envoy" in the sense of a diplomatic rank below ambassador? In the Vienna Convention, "Envoy" is a rank. However, "Special Envoy" is a functional title. In WordNet, Sense 1 is usually the "diplomatic rank" sense. Sense 2 is the "emissary/messenger" sense. Given the phrase "special envoy", the semantic fit is stronger with Sense 2 (emissary/representative) because "special envoy" usually implies a specific mission rather than a fixed rank at a resident embassy. He was sent to the talks (mission) to represent the US.

    *   Let's check WordNet usage patterns.
        *   envoy%1:18:00:: corresponds to the diplomat rank.
        *   envoy%1:18:01:: corresponds to the emissary/representative.
    *   Context: "U.S. special climate envoy". He is sent to the talks. He is a representative.
    *   Does the text imply he has less authority than an ambassador? Not explicitly. It implies he represents the Obama administration.
    *   Does the text imply he is sent on a mission to represent interests? Yes. He is negotiating the text, rejecting language, representing the US line.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 seems the broader and more appropriate fit for "special envoy" in a functional context.

    *   *Self-Correction/Refinement*: Sometimes WordNet is tricky.
    *   Sense 1 Synonyms: envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary. These are specific ranks.
    *   Sense 2 Synonyms: emissary. An emissary is a person sent on a special mission, often as a diplomatic representative. "Special envoy" matches "emissary" very closely.
    *   Todd Stern held the title "Special Envoy". This is functionally an emissary (Sense 2). While he likely held the personal rank of ambassador (he was an ambassador later, or acting as one), the word "envoy" here is used to describe his capacity as a representative sent to these specific talks.
    *   Decision: Sense 2 fits the context of "special climate envoy" acting as a representative on a mission better than the technical rank definition of Sense 1.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 2.

    *   Target: envoy
    *   Context: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern"
    *   Sense 1: Rank below ambassador.
    *   Sense 2: Someone sent on a mission to represent interests (emissary).
    *   Todd Stern is sent to the climate talks to represent US interests. Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cut
Target surface form: cuts
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding <t>cuts</t> of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cut%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
2. sense_key=cut%1:10:00:: | definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
3. sense_key=cut%1:06:00:: | definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
4. sense_key=cut%1:26:01:: | definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
5. sense_key=cut%1:26:00:: | definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
6. sense_key=cut%1:13:00:: | definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
7. sense_key=cut%1:10:02:: | definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
8. sense_key=cut%1:10:04:: | definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
9. sense_key=cut%1:10:01:: | definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
10. sense_key=cut%1:09:00:: | definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
11. sense_key=cut%1:06:01:: | definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation
12. sense_key=cut%1:04:03:: | definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
13. sense_key=cut%1:04:07:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
14. sense_key=cut%1:04:08:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
15. sense_key=cut%1:04:09:: | definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
16. sense_key=cut%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
17. sense_key=cut%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
18. sense_key=cut%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
20. sense_key=cut%1:04:06:: | definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** cut (noun, plural "cuts").
    *   **Context:** The text discusses climate change negotiations (Copenhagen era, implied). It mentions "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions". Specifically, industrial nations need to cut emissions by percentages. The phrase in question is "...requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions..."
    *   **Meaning:** The word "cuts" here refers to a reduction or decrease in the amount of emissions. It is an act or instance of reducing something.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   1. Share of profits. (Incorrect context).
    *   2. Film transition. (Incorrect context).
    *   3. Trench/furrow. (Incorrect context).
    *   4. Step on a scale (level). (Incorrect context).
    *   5. Wound. (Incorrect context).
    *   6. Piece of meat. (Incorrect context).
    *   7. Wounding remark. (Incorrect context).
    *   8. Music selection. (Incorrect context).
    *   9. Editorial omission. (Close in terms of "removal", but specific to written passages).
    *   10. Garment style. (Incorrect context).
    *   11. Canal. (Incorrect context).
    *   12. Refusal to recognize. (Incorrect context).
    *   13. Baseball swing. (Incorrect context).
    *   14. Sports spin. (Incorrect context).
    *   15. Deck of cards. (Incorrect context).
    *   16. Penetrating/opening with sharp edge. (Incorrect context).
    *   17. Cutting into parts. (Incorrect context).
    *   18. Shortening by chopping ends. (Close in terms of "reduction", but physical).
    *   19. **sense_key=cut%1:04:05::** | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget.
        *   This matches the context perfectly. The context talks about reducing emissions (amounts/numbers). The example "cuts in the city budget" parallels "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions".
    *   20. Absence from class. (Incorrect context).

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 19 defines "cut" as "the act of reducing the amount or number".
    *   The context is about reducing emissions.
    *   This is the correct sense.

4.  **Format the Output:**
    *   JSON object: {"sense_index": 19}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas <t>emissions</t> for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context**: The text discusses climate change negotiations. It talks about cutting "emissions" by percentages. Specifically, it mentions "industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions" and "greenhouse-gas emissions". The context is about gases (greenhouse gases) being released into the atmosphere. The text treats "emissions" as things (substances) that can be cut or reduced.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:
    *   Sense 1: "the act of emitting; causing to flow forth". This refers to the *process* or *action* of emitting.
    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released". This refers to the *material* or *entity* that is emitted.
    *   Sense 3: "the release of electrons from parent atoms". This is a physics definition, not relevant to climate change.
    *   Sense 4: "any of several bodily processes...". This is biological/medical, not relevant.
    *   Sense 5: "the occurrence of a flow of water...". This is hydraulic, not relevant.

3.  **Compare Context to Senses**:
    *   In the phrase "cut their emissions", "emissions" functions as a noun referring to the amount of greenhouse gases being put into the air.
    *   Is it the *act* of emitting (Sense 1) or the *substance* emitted (Sense 2)?
    *   "Greenhouse-gas emissions" suggests the emissions *are* the gases (substance). One cuts the amount of the substance released.
    *   While "emission" can mean the act, in the context of "greenhouse-gas emissions" and "cut emissions", it refers to the pollutants themselves (the gases). The phrase "cut their emissions" means "reduce the amount of substances they emit".
    *   WordNet sense 2 defines it as "a substance that is emitted or released". This fits "greenhouse-gas emissions" perfectly (greenhouse gases are the substances).
    *   Sense 1 ("the act of emitting") is abstract. While related, the quantification ("25 to 45 percent") and modification by "greenhouse-gas" strongly point to the substance interpretation. You cut the *amount* of the substance, not usually the "act" itself (though one could argue you stop the act, standard usage in climate discourse treats 'emissions' as the countable pollutants).

4.  **Select the Best Sense**: Sense 2 is the correct one. It matches the definition "a substance that is emitted or released" and the synonym "discharge" fits the context of pollutants.

5.  **Format Output**: The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. The index for Sense 2 is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *one*
    *   Target surface form: *ones*
    *   Context sentence: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary **ones** by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world."

2.  **Analyze the function of the target word in context:**
    *   The word "ones" acts as a prop-word or a substitute for a noun phrase previously mentioned to avoid repetition.
    *   Specifically, "voluntary ones" refers back to "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions" (or more specifically, just "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions"). The sentence contrasts "binding cuts... for industrialized countries" with "voluntary [cuts]... by major emerging economies".
    *   It is a pronoun usage standing in for countable entities (cuts/emissions cuts).

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   definition: "the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number"
        *   synonyms: 1, I, ace, single, unity
        *   examples: "he has the one but will need a two and three..."
        *   Analysis: This refers to the number 1. The target word in the text is plural ("ones") and is not referring to the digit or number 1. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   definition: "a single person or thing"
        *   examples: "he is the best one"; "this is the one I ordered"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to a single individual item or person. However, the target form is "ones" (plural).
        *   *Crucial Linguistic Check:* In WordNet, "one" usually has entries for the number and for the pronoun/noun meaning "a single person/thing". How does WordNet handle the pronoun usage (prop-word)?
        *   Usually, dictionaries/WordNet treat the "prop-word" usage (e.g., "the red ones", "I want that one") under the definition of a single person or thing, or specifically as a pronoun usage.
        *   Let's look at the definition again: "a single person or thing". Does this cover the plural "ones"? Strictly speaking, WordNet definitions can be rigid. However, sense 2 is the only one that captures the *nominal* nature of the word referring to objects/entities rather than the number.
        *   Is there a specific sense for "indefinite pronoun" or "prop-word"? Usually, "one" as a pronoun falls under the general category of being a stand-in for a count noun.
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 vs Sense 2 again.
        *   Sense 1 is strictly the number (1).
        *   Sense 2 is an indefinite pronoun or noun stand-in ("a single person or thing").
        *   Even though the text says "ones" (plural), the core semantic concept is Sense 2 (entities/things), not Sense 1 (the number).
        *   Is there a mismatch in number? The definition says "a single person or thing", but the example "he is the best one" implies a selection among a set. WordNet often lists base forms. The lemma is "one". The usage here is the plural of the lemma in its function as a noun/pronoun substitute.
        *   Context: "voluntary ones" = "voluntary [cuts]". "Cuts" are things. Therefore, "ones" refers to things.
        *   Sense 1 refers to the concept of Unity/Number.
        *   Sense 2 refers to a Person/Thing.
        *   Since the text refers to "cuts" (things), Sense 2 is the correct semantic category, despite the singular wording of the definition in WordNet (which is common). The specific instance is plural, derived from the singular concept.

4.  **Select the best index:**
    *   Sense 1 is the number.
    *   Sense 2 is the thing/person.
    *   The text refers to things (emission cuts).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

    *   *Self-Correction/Refinement:* Some WordNet versions might have a specific sense for the prop-word usage. Looking at standard WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
        *   One (n) 1: the smallest whole number...
        *   One (n) 2: a single person or thing.
    *   There isn't a separate entry for "ones" or a specific sense just for the prop-word plural usually; it falls under the semantic concept of the entity.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the standard choice for "one" acting as a pronoun/stand-in for a noun, even if pluralized in the text.

5.  **Final Decision:** Index 2.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: move
Target surface form: move
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The <t>move</t> signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=move%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deciding to do something | examples=he didn't make a move to help; his first move was to hire a lawyer
2. sense_key=move%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of changing your residence or place of business | synonyms=relocation | examples=they say that three moves equal one fire
3. sense_key=move%1:04:03:: | definition=a change of position that does not entail a change of location | synonyms=motion, movement, motility | examples=the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise; movement is a sign of life
4. sense_key=move%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of changing location from one place to another | synonyms=motion, movement | examples=police controlled the motion of the crowd; the movement of people from the farms to the cities
5. sense_key=move%1:04:02:: | definition=(game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is discussing climate negotiations. The sentence is: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."

In this context, "move" refers to the action taken by the U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern - specifically, his rejection of certain language about binding emissions cuts. This was a diplomatic action or decision.

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=move%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deciding to do something | examples=he didn't make a move to help; his first move was to hire a lawyer

This sense refers to "the act of deciding to do something" - a strategic action or decision. In the context, Stern's rejection of certain language in the climate talks is exactly this - a strategic diplomatic move/decision that signals the administration's position.

2. sense_key=move%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of changing your residence or place of business | synonyms=relocation

This is about physical relocation - not relevant here.

3. sense_key=move%1:04:03:: | definition=a change of position that does not entail a change of location | synonyms=motion, movement, motility

This is about physical motion without changing location (like eyebrow movement) - not relevant.

4. sense_key=move%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of changing location from one place to another | synonyms=motion, movement

This is about physical movement from one place to another - not relevant.

5. sense_key=move%1:04:02:: | definition=(game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game

This is specifically about games - while negotiations can be metaphorically like a game, this is too narrow and specific.

The best fit is sense 1 - "the act of deciding to do something." The "move" in question is Stern's rejection of certain language, which is a strategic diplomatic action/decision. The examples given ("he didn't make a move to help; his first move was to hire a lawyer") show exactly this kind of usage - a strategic action or decision, not physical movement.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: "China" (capitalized, singular noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text discusses international climate talks (emissions cuts, greenhouse-gas emissions).
    *   It mentions "industrial nations", "major developing countries", "European Union", "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "Obama administration", "Bush administration".
    *   The specific sentence with the target is: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."
    *   The following sentence mentions "major developing countries".
    *   Context clues clearly point to a geopolitical entity, a nation-state involved in negotiations.
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: "a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world". Synonyms: People's Republic of China, PRC, etc. This refers to the mainland state.
    *   Sense 2: "high quality porcelain originally made only in China". This is the material. The context is political, not material/artisanal.
    *   Sense 3: "a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949...". Synonyms: Taiwan, Republic of China. This refers to Taiwan. The context discusses "major developing countries" and negotiations where the US is taking a harder line. In climate talks, "China" usually refers to the PRC (Mainland China), which is a major developing country and a major emitter. The contrast with the US and the mention of "major developing countries" confirms this is the PRC.
    *   Sense 4: "dishware made of high quality porcelain". Again, refers to objects, not a country.
4.  **Disambiguate**:
    *   The context involves the Obama administration, Todd Stern, and climate negotiations.
    *   "China" here is a country negotiating emissions cuts.
    *   It refers to the major emerging economy/developing country.
    *   Sense 1 defines the communist nation (PRC). Sense 3 defines Taiwan (ROC).
    *   Given the political context of "major developing countries" and the hard line taken by the US (often regarding the Kyoto Protocol distinctions or verification), this refers to the People's Republic of China.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
5.  **Format the output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object with "sense_index".
    *   The index is based on the order provided (1, 2, 3, 4).
    *   Selected sense: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bush_administration
Target surface form: Bush administration
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than <t>Bush administration</t> officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bush_administration%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive under President George H. W. Bush
2. sense_key=bush_administration%1:14:01:: | definition=the executive under President George W. Bush

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:** The target is "Bush administration". This refers to the executive branch of the US government during the presidency of a man named Bush. There are two main candidates: George H. W. Bush (41st president, 1989–1993) and George W. Bush (43rd president, 2001–2009).

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   **Topic:** Climate change talks, emissions cuts, the European Union pledging money, Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy).
    *   **Temporal Reference:** "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."
    *   **Key Sentence:** "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."
    *   **Time calculation:**
        *   The context mentions the "Obama administration". Barack Obama took office in January 2009.
        *   The text says "just two years ago" relative to the time of the article.
        *   Todd Stern was the Special Envoy for Climate Change under Obama (appointed 2009).
        *   The specific phrase "just two years ago" relative to an Obama-era text points back to approximately 2007-2008 (or late 2008, early 2009 transition).
        *   George W. Bush was president from 2001 to 2009. George H. W. Bush was president from 1989 to 1993.
    *   **Conclusion on Identity:** The "Bush administration" mentioned here immediately precedes the Obama administration (or overlaps with the timeframe "two years ago" relative to the start of Obama's term). It is clearly referring to the presidency of George W. Bush (son), not George H. W. Bush (father). The context discusses the Copenhagen/Cancun era of climate talks (referencing 2020 goals and 2050 goals, pledges of billions for adaptation), which fits the late 2000s timeline of George W. Bush's later years or the immediate transition to Obama.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "the executive under President George H. W. Bush" (1989-1993). This is the father. The context "two years ago" relative to Obama (2009) is 2007. This falls squarely in the George W. Bush era.
    *   **Sense 2:** "the executive under President George W. Bush" (2001-2009). This is the son. The context fits this timeframe perfectly (the administration immediately preceding Obama).

4.  **Select the Best Index:** Sense 2 matches the context.

5.  **Format Output:** The user requested a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`. Since the correct sense is the second one listed, the index is 2.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "official"
    *   Target surface form: "officials"
    *   Context snippet: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago."
    *   Sentence analysis: The sentence compares the Obama administration's stance with the actions/stance of "Bush administration officials". These are people working within the government administration.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `official%1:18:01::` | Definition: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" | Synonyms: "functionary". This refers to someone holding a position of authority or responsibility in an organization or government.
    *   Sense 2: `official%1:18:00::` | Definition: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport" | Examples: "the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling". This refers to a referee or umpire in sports.

3.  **Map context to senses:**
    *   The context discusses the "Bush administration". This refers to the executive branch of the US government.
    *   "Bush administration officials" are people appointed to positions within that government administration.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly. These individuals hold office within the administration.
    *   Sense 2 is incorrect. There is no sports game mentioned; this is a political/diplomatic context (climate talks, US-China relations).

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the clear choice.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form:** The target lemma is "year" and the surface form is "years" (plural).

2.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago."
    *   Key phrase: "two years ago".
    *   Meaning: A duration of time equivalent to two cycles of the calendar year (730 days roughly). It refers to the passage of time relative to the present or a specific point in time.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `year%1:28:01::`
        *   Definition: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.
        *   Synonyms: twelvemonth, yr.
        *   Examples: "she is 4 years old"; "in the year 1920".
        *   Fit: This fits perfectly with "two years ago". It refers to the standard unit of time measurement based on the calendar.

    *   **Sense 2:** `year%1:28:02::`
        *   Definition: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity.
        *   Examples: "a school year".
        *   Fit: This is specific to a school year or fiscal year. The context ("two years ago") refers to general time duration, not a specific academic or fiscal period. So, this is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `year%1:28:00::`
        *   Definition: the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun.
        *   Examples: "a Martian year takes 687 of our days".
        *   Fit: While scientifically Sense 1 and Sense 3 are related (the calendar year is based on the orbital period), this specific sense in WordNet is usually reserved for astronomical contexts or distinguishing planetary years (e.g., "light years" or "Mars years"). The phrase "two years ago" in a political news context refers to the calendar year/time period, not the orbital mechanics definition specifically. Sense 1 is the standard usage for general time duration.

    *   **Sense 4:** `year%1:14:00::`
        *   Definition: a body of students who graduate together.
        *   Synonyms: class.
        *   Examples: "the class of '97".
        *   Fit: This is clearly wrong. The context refers to time, not a cohort of students.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   WordNet distinguishes between the "calendar year" (Sense 1) and the "orbital period" (Sense 3).
    *   In the phrase "two years ago", we are referring to the calendar unit of time, measuring when an event happened relative to now.
    *   Example "she is 4 years old" (Sense 1) aligns with "two years ago". Both measure age or duration using the standard calendar unit.
    *   Example "a Martian year" (Sense 3) aligns with astronomical contexts.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice for general temporal usage.

5.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 corresponds to the standard definition of a year as a unit of time (365/366 days).

6.  **Format Output:** The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": x}`. The index corresponds to the numbered list provided.
    *   Sense 1 -> index 1.
    *   Sense 2 -> index 2.
    *   Sense 3 -> index 3.
    *   Sense 4 -> index 4.

    The correct sense is number 1.

    Wait, let me double-check the numbering in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: ...
    2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: ...
    3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: ...
    4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: ...

    Yes, the list is numbered 1 to 4. The choice is Sense 1.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: `united_states`
    *   Surface Form: `United States`
    *   Context: A news report about climate talks (Copenhagen era, implied by the date references and figures involved like Todd Stern and He Yafei).

2.  **Analyze the Contextual Usage:**
    *   Sentence: "The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action..."
    *   Agent: Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy).
    *   Action: "doing a deal", requiring action from other countries.
    *   Tone/Domain: International diplomacy, geopolitics, climate negotiations.
    *   Previous context mentions: "U.S. special climate envoy", "Obama administration", "Stern rejected language...", "Stern made his comments".

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `united_states%1:15:00::` (Physical/Geopolitical entity). Definition: "North American republic containing 50 states...". Synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA. This refers to the country as a geopolitical entity or nation-state.
    *   **Sense 2:** `united_states%1:14:00::` (Government). Definition: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States". Synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S. This refers specifically to the governing body/institution.

4.  **Perform Word Sense Disambiguation:**
    *   The sentence says: "The United States is not going to do a deal..."
    *   Who "does a deal"? Countries (as entities) or Governments (as institutions).
    *   In casual or journalistic language, metonymy is common. "The White House announced" (Government). "Washington decided" (Government). "The United States refused" (Could be either).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms.
        *   Sense 1 Synonyms: "United States of America", "America".
        *   Sense 2 Synonyms: "United States government", "U.S. government".
    *   Let's look at the definition.
        *   Sense 1 focuses on the territory/states structure.
        *   Sense 2 focuses on the branches of government.
    *   Let's look at the context again. Todd Stern represents the "Obama administration". He says the "United States" is not going to do a deal.
    *   In diplomatic contexts, "The United States" usually refers to the nation-state as an actor (Sense 1), though it acts through its government. However, the specific distinction in WordNet between the "republic" (country) and the "government" (institution) is crucial.
    *   Often, when "United States" is used to describe the *actor* in international relations, it is viewed as the country itself (Sense 1). For example, "The United States borders Canada" is Sense 1. "The United States invaded Iraq" is Sense 1 (the country acting). "The United States passed a law" would be Sense 2.
    *   Here, "The United States is not going to do a deal". This is a sovereign action.
    *   Let's look closer at Sense 2. "United States government". If we replace the target: "The [United States government] is not going to do a deal..." This makes sense. "The [United States of America] is not going to do a deal..." This also makes sense.
    *   Standard WordNet usage for "United States":
        *   Instance hypernym of "country" (Sense 1).
        *   Instance hypernym of "government" (Sense 2).
    *   When news reports say "The United States said X", they usually refer to the country's stance, represented by the administration.
    *   However, look at the definitions provided again.
        *   Sense 1: "North American republic..." (The country).
        *   Sense 2: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches..." (The government apparatus).
    *   Is the sentence referring to the *country* or the *government*?
    *   The text mentions "The Obama administration is taking a harder line". This is the government.
    *   But the quote says "The United States is not going to do a deal".
    *   In standard WSD tasks using WordNet, the distinction between "Country" (Nation) and "Government" (Regime/Administration) is often drawn based on whether the entity is being discussed as a political actor in a specific administrative capacity or as a geographic/sovereign entity.
    *   However, usually, "United States" acting in diplomacy is assigned the **Country/Nation** sense (Sense 1), unless specific government functions (laws, courts, taxes) are the focus. "Doing a deal" is an international agreement, a sovereign act.
    *   Let's check if WordNet has a specific entry for "United States" as a government.
        *   Sense 2 synonyms: "United States government", "U.S. government".
    *   Let's check Sense 1 synonyms: "United States of America".
    *   If I say "The United States is a large country", it is Sense 1.
    *   If I say "The United States sued Microsoft", it is Sense 2 (The government acting as a legal entity).
    *   If I say "The United States signed the treaty", it is usually Sense 1 (The nation), though the government signs it. The entity entering the treaty is the State (Sense 1).
    *   Context clue: "The Obama administration is taking a harder line... The United States is not going to do a deal..."
    *   Contrast: "The United States government has shut down." (Sense 2). "The United States has a population of 300 million." (Sense 1).
    *   Here, it is a negotiation. Negotiators represent the State. "The United States" is the party to the agreement.
    *   Most WSD systems tag "United States" in diplomatic contexts as the **Country/Nation** (Sense 1). The government sense (Sense 2) is usually reserved for contexts involving internal governance, budgets passed by Congress, or legal actions where the plaintiff is "United States of America" (as a legal person).
    *   Here, it is international relations. "The United States" = The Nation/State.
    *   Let's double check if Sense 2 is "The Government" specifically. Yes, definition: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches..."
    *   While the government does the deal, the *sense* usually falls under the Nation (Sense 1) because it defines the geopolitical entity participating in the international community.
    *   Let's verify against a similar instance.
        *   "The United States imposed sanctions." -> Nation (Sense 1).
        *   "The United States budget." -> Government (Sense 2).
    *   In this text: "The United States is not going to do a deal". This refers to the country's position.
    *   Also, note the semantic class hierarchy. Sense 1 is a `country`. Sense 2 is a `government`. The text is about countries ("major developing countries", "poorer countries"). "The United States" is contrasted with "China" (another country). "China" is a country. Therefore, "United States" is being used in the same semantic category as "China" (Country).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The context contrasts "The United States" with "China" and "major developing countries".
    *   "China" refers to the country.
    *   "The United States" refers to the country.
    *   Sense 1 is "North American republic..." (Country).
    *   Sense 2 is "the executive... branches..." (Government).
    *   While the government performs the action, the entity labeled by the lemma is the geopolitical entity acting as a nation among nations.
    *   Selection: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "deal" in the context: "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action..."

Let me analyze the context:
- This is about international climate negotiations
- Countries are discussing cutting emissions
- There's discussion of binding vs voluntary cuts
- The "deal" refers to an agreement between parties (countries) about climate action
- The context mentions negotiations, agreements, obligations

Now let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: - "a particular instance of buying or selling" - This could somewhat apply since there's financial pledging mentioned ($3.6 billion), but the "deal" in question is more about an agreement on emissions cuts, not primarily a commercial transaction.

2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" with synonym "bargain" - This fits very well. The deal being discussed is an agreement between countries about their obligations regarding emissions cuts. The context is about negotiations and discussions leading to an agreement.

3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: - "a large number or amount or extent" - This doesn't fit at all. The sentence is not about quantity.

4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: - "a plank of softwood" - Irrelevant.

5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: - "wood that is easy to saw" - Irrelevant.

6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: - "the cards held in a card game" - Irrelevant.

7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: - "the type of treatment received" - This doesn't fit the context of international negotiations.

8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: - "the act of distributing playing cards" - Irrelevant.

9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: - "the act of apportioning or distributing something" - This doesn't fit well; the context is about reaching an agreement, not distributing something.

Sense 2 is clearly the best fit. The "deal" in this context refers to an agreement between parties (countries) arrived at after discussion (negotiations) that fixes obligations of each (emissions cuts, financial commitments, verification measures, etc.).

The synonym "bargain" also works here - international deals are often described as bargains struck between parties.

So the answer is sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** text
    *   **Target surface form:** text
    *   **Context sentence:** "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the *text* did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."
    *   **Broader context:** The text discusses international climate change talks (likely Copenhagen or similar). There are negotiations, pledges, and written agreements or proposals being discussed. Stern is criticizing the content of a specific written proposal or agreement document.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `text%1:10:00::`
        *   *Definition:* the words of something written.
        *   *Synonyms:* textual matter.
        *   *Examples:* "there were more than a thousand words of text"; "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech".
        *   *Fit:* This sense refers to the actual wording of a document. In diplomatic negotiations, the "text" often refers to the specific wording of a draft agreement, treaty, or communiqué. Stern complains about what the "text" says (or doesn't say) regarding verification. This fits perfectly with "verbal fireworks" over language.

    *   **Sense 2:** `text%1:10:03::`
        *   *Definition:* a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon.
        *   *Fit:* The context is climate politics, not religion. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `text%1:10:02::`
        *   *Definition:* a book prepared for use in schools or colleges.
        *   *Synonyms:* textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text.
        *   *Fit:* The context is a political negotiation, not a classroom. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `text%1:10:01::`
        *   *Definition:* the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.).
        *   *Examples:* "pictures made the text easier to understand".
        *   *Fit:* This refers to the layout or structure of a physical document (text vs. images). While the agreement is a document, the complaint is about the content/rules (verification), not the distinction between text and images. Sense 1 is a broader definition for "the words of something written," which applies to legal or diplomatic documents.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 1 ("the words of something written") is the most appropriate here. It refers to the specific wording of the draft agreement or treaty being negotiated. When diplomats refer to "the text," they mean the specific collection of words and clauses constituting the agreement.
    *   Sense 4 is about the physical division of a book (text vs. plates/illustrations).
    *   Sense 3 is a textbook.
    *   Sense 2 is biblical.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. The "text" is the collection of words defining the agreement.

4.  **Formulate the output:**
    *   The correct index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cut
Target surface form: cuts
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the <t>cuts</t> could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cut%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
2. sense_key=cut%1:10:00:: | definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
3. sense_key=cut%1:06:00:: | definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
4. sense_key=cut%1:26:01:: | definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
5. sense_key=cut%1:26:00:: | definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
6. sense_key=cut%1:13:00:: | definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
7. sense_key=cut%1:10:02:: | definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
8. sense_key=cut%1:10:04:: | definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
9. sense_key=cut%1:10:01:: | definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
10. sense_key=cut%1:09:00:: | definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
11. sense_key=cut%1:06:01:: | definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation
12. sense_key=cut%1:04:03:: | definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
13. sense_key=cut%1:04:07:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
14. sense_key=cut%1:04:08:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
15. sense_key=cut%1:04:09:: | definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
16. sense_key=cut%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
17. sense_key=cut%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
18. sense_key=cut%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
20. sense_key=cut%1:04:06:: | definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cuts" in the context of climate change negotiations. Let me analyze the context:

The text discusses:
- "cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent"
- "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions"
- "the cuts could be verified by outside observers"

The word "cuts" here refers to reductions in emissions - specifically the act of reducing the amount of greenhouse-gas emissions.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. A share of the profits - No, not related to profits
2. Film transition - No
3. A trench resembling a furrow - No
4. A step on some scale - No
5. A wound made by cutting - No
6. A piece of meat - No
7. A remark capable of wounding mentally - No
8. A selection of music - No
9. The omission made when shortening a written passage - Close conceptually (reduction), but specific to editorial changes
10. The style in which a garment is cut - No
11. A canal made by erosion - No
12. A refusal to recognize someone - No
13. Baseball swing - No
14. Sports stroke - No
15. Division of deck of cards - No
16. Act of penetrating with sharp edge - No
17. Act of cutting something into parts - No
18. Act of shortening by chopping off ends - No
19. "the act of reducing the amount or number" with example "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget" - This matches perfectly! The context is about reducing emissions, which fits "the act of reducing the amount or number."
20. An unexcused absence from class - No

Sense 19 is the clear winner. The example "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget" parallels "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions" - both refer to reductions in amounts/numbers of something.

The answer is sense_index: 19.