[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: view
Target surface form: view
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=view%1:09:02:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
2. sense_key=view%1:09:01:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
3. sense_key=view%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=survey, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited
4. sense_key=view%1:15:00:: | definition=the range of the eye | synonyms=eyeshot | examples=they were soon out of view
5. sense_key=view%1:09:04:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
6. sense_key=view%1:10:00:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=opinion | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
7. sense_key=view%1:09:00:: | definition=purpose; the phrase `with a view to' means `with the intention of' or `for the purpose of' | examples=he took the computer with a view to pawning it
8. sense_key=view%1:06:00:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept | synonyms=scene | examples=he painted scenes from everyday life; figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment
9. sense_key=view%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated | synonyms=horizon, purview | examples=It is beyond the horizon of present knowledge
10. sense_key=view%1:07:01:: | definition=outward appearance | examples=they look the same in outward view

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "view" in the context:

"But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Wait, let me re-read. The target is in this sentence:

"But some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."

So the context is talking about a "view" held by someone - specifically, a "Luddite view" meaning a perspective or belief that instant news is more incendiary than slower reports.

Let me analyze the senses:

1. sense_key=view%1:09:02:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
   - This refers to a perspective or way of looking at things.

2. sense_key=view%1:09:01:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama
   - This is about seeing a physical scene/landscape.

3. sense_key=view%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=survey, sight
   - This is the act of seeing.

4. sense_key=view%1:15:00:: | definition=the range of the eye | synonyms=eyeshot
   - Physical viewing range.

5. sense_key=view%1:09:04:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
   - This refers to an opinion or belief.

6. sense_key=view%1:10:00:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something | synonyms=opinion
   - Expression of an opinion.

7. sense_key=view%1:09:00:: | definition=purpose
   - Not relevant here.

8. sense_key=view%1:06:00:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation
   - Not relevant.

9. sense_key=view%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of interest or activity
   - Not relevant.

10. sense_key=view%1:07:01:: | definition=outward appearance
    - Not relevant.

The context is about a "Luddite view" - a perspective or belief about technology. The phrase is describing a particular way of looking at instant news vs. slower news.

The main contenders are:
- Sense 1: "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." (position, perspective)
- Sense 5: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" (opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought)

The context talks about a "Luddite view" - meaning a perspective/belief that instant news is more dangerous/incendiary. This is more about an opinion or belief than just a way of regarding something.

However, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1 (view%1:09:02) is about "a way of regarding situations or topics" with synonyms "position, perspective"
- Sense 5 (view%1:09:04) is about "a personal belief or judgment" with synonyms "opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought"

The phrase "Luddite view" suggests a perspective or way of thinking about something. The context is about journalists criticizing a certain perspective as being "Luddite" - meaning backward or anti-technology.

I think sense 1 fits well - "a way of regarding situations or topics" - as it describes a perspective. However, sense 5 also fits as it describes a "personal belief or judgment."

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "consider what follows from the positivist view" - this is about a theoretical/philosophical perspective
- Sense 5: "my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion" - this is more about personal opinions

The context here is about a belief/perspective held by some (implied to be lawyers or critics). A "Luddite view" is a perspective on technology.

I think sense 1 is the best fit - "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." The term "view" here is about a perspective on how instant news compares to slower news.

Actually, looking again at sense 5 - "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - the article mentions this view is "controversial" and journalists are criticizing it. The example "my opinion differs from yours" also fits the idea of a belief someone holds.

Let me reconsider. The key distinction seems to be:
- Sense 1 is more about a perspective/way of looking at something
- Sense 5 is more about an opinion/belief held by someone

Both could work, but I lean toward sense 5 because:
1. The view is described as "Luddite" - indicating it's a particular belief stance
2. The context involves debate/controversy about the validity of this view
3. The comparison "my opinion differs from yours" in sense 5 fits the journalistic disagreement context

However, sense 1 with "perspective" and "way of regarding situations" also fits well.

Let me look at the sentence again: "...was a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy..."

This is saying: this belief/perspective is a "Luddite" one. The view is about whether instant news is more incendiary.

I think sense 5 is the best choice - it's about a belief/judgment that may not be well-founded (which fits the "Luddite" criticism). The synonym "opinion" and example "my opinion differs from yours" align with the context of journalists disagreeing with this view.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 5 again:

Sense 1: "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." - synonyms: position, perspective
Sense 5: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - synonyms: opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought

The word "Luddite" modifies "view" - indicating a perspective/belief that is anti-technology or backward-looking. This could be either sense.

Looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- Sense 1 (view%1:09:02) is under "cognition" -> "interpretation"
- Sense 5 (view%1:09:04) is under "cognition" -> "judgment" -> "opinion"

The context involves a claim/belief being characterized as "Luddite" - it's an opinion or belief that the journalists disagree with. The phrase "would make poor court policy" suggests this view has practical implications.

I think sense 5 is slightly better because:
1. It's about beliefs/judgments held with some conviction but not necessarily proven
2. The context involves debate and disagreement about validity
3. The example "my opinion differs from yours" matches the journalistic disagreement context

Let me finalize: sense 5.

Wait, let me re-examine the senses more carefully:

Sense 1 (index 1): view%1:09:02:: - "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." - position, perspective
Sense 5 (index 5): view%1:09:04:: - "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought

Actually, I realize I need to be careful about which sense index corresponds to which sense_key. The instructions say to return the indexed sense.

Index 1 = sense_key=view%1:09:02:: (a way of regarding situations or topics)
Index 5 = sense_key=view%1:09:04:: (a personal belief or judgment)

Given the context "a Luddite view" - meaning a backward/anti-technology perspective/belief, and the context of disagreement about whether this view makes sense:

I believe sense 5 (index 5) is the best fit because:
- It describes a belief/judgment that may not be well-founded
- The "Luddite" characterization implies the view is backward or misguided
- The journalists disagree with this view
- The synonyms include "opinion" which fits the context of expressing disagreement with a position

Therefore, my answer is {"sense_index": 5}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: court
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor <t>court</t> policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "court"
    *   Target surface form: "court"
    *   Context sentence: "...make poor <t>court</t> policy governing coverage of future trials."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses a trial, verdict challenges, media coverage (tweets, cameras, reporters), and the need for rules or policies regarding how courts handle media coverage in future trials.

2.  **Analyze the specific usage:**
    *   The phrase is "court policy".
    *   This is a noun adjunct usage (noun acting as an adjective).
    *   The phrase means "policy of the court" or "policy established by the court".
    *   Who establishes this policy? The judicial entity, the system of judges and administration that conducts judicial business.

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: court%1:14:00:: (an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business)*
        *   Synonyms: tribunal, judicature.
        *   This refers to the body of people/institution that makes decisions. Does a "court" make policy? Yes, courts set precedents and procedural rules. "Court policy" fits well here as the policy of the judicial body.

    *   *Sense 2: court%1:06:02:: (a room in which a lawcourt sits)*
        *   Synonyms: courtroom.
        *   Can a room have a policy? Usually not. A room is a physical location. While policies exist *about* the courtroom, the phrase "court policy" implies the institutional policy, not the room's policy.

    *   *Sense 3: court%1:14:01:: (the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state)*
        *   Synonyms: royal court.
        *   Not relevant here. The context is legal/judicial, not monarchical.

    *   *Sense 4: court%1:06:01:: (a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played)*
        *   Sports context. Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 5: court%1:18:00:: (Margaret Court)*
        *   Person name. Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 6: court%1:14:02:: (the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince)*
        *   Royal context. Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 7: court%1:06:03:: (a hotel for motorists)*
        *   Hotel context. Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 8: court%1:06:05:: (a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws)*
        *   Synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
        *   This is very similar to Sense 1. Let's distinguish Sense 1 and Sense 8.
        *   Sense 1 definition: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
        *   Sense 8 definition: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws".
        *   Often, WordNet distinguishes between the *body* (Sense 1) and the *institution/specific tribunal* (Sense 8), or sometimes they are hierarchical. Let's look at the hypernyms usually involved in WordNet.
        *   Sense 1 (court%1:14:00) usually maps to `group.n.01` or `assembly.n.01`.
        *   Sense 8 (court%1:06:05) usually maps to `tribunal.n.01` (often `artifact` or `location` branch in some versions, but here the gloss says "a tribunal..."). Wait, checking standard WordNet 3.1/3.0 structure.
        *   Usually, Sense 1 (`court%1:14:00`) is defined as "an assembly...". The SS number `1:14:00` indicates the semantic file is `group`.
        *   Sense 8 (`court%1:06:05`) has the SS number `1:06:05` (Wait, checking the indexing provided in the prompt).
        *   Let's check the indices provided in the prompt carefully.
        *   Index 1: sense_key=court%1:14:00:: (file: group).
        *   Index 2: sense_key=court%1:06:02:: (file: artifact - location).
        *   Index 8: sense_key=court%1:06:05:: (file: artifact - usually). Wait, `1:06` usually implies the "artifact" or "location" lexicographer file in WordNet.
        *   Let's re-read the definitions provided.
        *   Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" -> Focus on the *people* (judges + assembly).
        *   Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges..." -> Focus on the *institution* or the abstract entity.

    *   *Distinguishing Sense 1 vs Sense 8 for "court policy":*
        *   "Court policy" refers to the rules set by the judicial institution.
        *   Is "court" here the group of people (judges) or the institution (tribunal)?
        *   In the phrase "the courts" (plural) appearing later in the text ("required adaptation by the courts"), it refers to the institutions.
        *   In the specific instance "court policy", does it refer to the judges as a collective group (Sense 1) or the legal entity/institution (Sense 8)?
        *   WordNet Sense 1 (group) emphasizes the judges as a body.
        *   WordNet Sense 8 (usually artifact/location in WN structure, though the gloss here emphasizes "tribunal") emphasizes the legal entity.
        *   Let's look at the Sense 1 gloss again: "an assembly... to conduct judicial business".
        *   Let's look at Sense 8 gloss again: "a tribunal...".
        *   If we look at how WN structures these:
            *   `court%1:14:00` is a hyponym of `assembly`.
            *   `court%1:06:05` is often treated as a synonym for "court of law".
        *   Usually, when talking about policy creation, we refer to the "court" as the institution or the body of judges.
        *   Let's look at the phrase "appeals courts" later in the text. "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments..." This refers to the institutions.
        *   Which sense is better for the singular "court" in "court policy"?
        *   If I say "The court decided...", I usually mean the judges (Sense 1).
        *   If I say "The court is in session", I might mean Sense 2 or Sense 8.
        *   If I say "court policy", it's the policy of the judicial body.
        *   Let's look at the specific synsets in WordNet 3.0/3.1.
            *   `court%1:14:00`: Synset: {court, tribunal, judicature}. Gloss: an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business. This is the "Group" sense.
            *   `court%1:06:05` (Note: the prompt lists index 8 for this): Synset: {court, tribunal, judicature}. Wait, often these are synonyms in the *same* synset in some versions, but WordNet often splits them.
            *   Actually, in WordNet 3.0:
                *   Sense 1: `court%1:14:00` (Group).
                *   Sense 2: `court%1:06:02` (Artifact - room).
                *   Sense 3: `court%1:14:01` (Group - royal court).
                *   Sense 4: `court%1:06:01` (Artifact - sports).
                *   ...
                *   Sense X: `court%1:06:05` corresponds to {lawcourt, court_of_law, court_of_justice, court, tribunal}.
                *   Sense Y: `court%1:04:00` (State - respectful deference).
        *   The provided list has:
            *   Index 1: `court%1:14:00::` -> Group (judges). Definition: "an assembly..."
            *   Index 8: `court%1:06:05::` -> Artifact/Institution? Definition: "a tribunal that is presided over by..." Synonyms: lawcourt.
        *   Key distinction:
            *   Sense 1 (Index 1) emphasizes the *group of people* (judges).
            *   Sense 8 (Index 8) emphasizes the *institution* or *legal entity* (lawcourt, tribunal).
        *   Context: "make poor court policy".
        *   Does the "group of judges" make policy, or does the "institution" make policy?
        *   In many legal contexts, "the court" acts as an agent. When an agent acts, it is usually Sense 1 (the assembly of judges).
        *   However, "policy" is an institutional thing.
        *   Let's look at the examples/synonyms.
        *   Sense 1 Synonyms: tribunal, judicature.
        *   Sense 8 Synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
        *   "Lawcourt" or "court of law" feels more like the physical or abstract institution.
        *   "Tribunal" (in Sense 1) feels like the judging body.
        *   "Court policy" suggests the administrative rules.
        *   Let's look at the broader text: "required adaptation by the courts." This refers to the institutions (Sense 8? or Sense 1 plural?).
        *   Standard WSD practice for "court" when it acts as an agent (e.g. "The court ruled..."): usually mapped to the "group/judges" sense (Sense 1).
        *   Standard WSD practice for "court" when referring to the entity/institution often leans toward Sense 1 if it involves agency, or Sense 8 if referring to the abstract body of law or the physical location (though location is Sense 2).
        *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 8's definition: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate...". This defines a type of tribunal.
        *   Sense 1's definition: "an assembly...".
        *   Let's consider the phrase "court policy".
        *   Is it the policy *of* the judges (Sense 1) or the policy *of* the institution (Sense 8)?
        *   Often, the "group" sense is preferred for metonymic usage where the court acts. "The court decided..." -> Sense 1.
        *   Here, "make poor court policy". Who makes it? The court (the judges). The adjective "court" here is a possessive/subjective noun adjunct. "Policy made by the court".
        *   Therefore, the sense of "court" refers to the entity that creates the policy. The creator is the body of judges (Sense 1).
        *   Sense 8 (lawcourt) is often distinguished as the place or the abstract institution in a more static sense, but WordNet hierarchies are tricky. `1:14:00` (Group) is for agents. `1:06:05` (Artifact/Tribunal) is often for the structure.
        *   However, WordNet Sense 8 definition ("a tribunal...") uses the word "tribunal" which is also a synonym for Sense 1.
        *   Let's check a corpus or standard practice.
        *   WordNet 3.0:
            *   `court` (n) 1: an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business [syn: {court}, {tribunal}, {judicature}] -> This is Sense 1 (Index 1).
            *   `court` (n) ... [syn: {court}, {lawcourt}, {court_of_law}, ...] -> This is usually Sense 8 (Index 8) in the provided list.
        *   The distinction is often Agent vs Institution/Location.
        *   "Court policy" -> Policy established by the Agent. The Agent is the body of judges.
        *   If I look at the later sentence: "appeals courts". Plural. Groups of judges.
        *   If I look at "courthouse" (mentioned earlier: "outside the courthouse"). That's a building.
        *   The target is "court" in "court policy".
        *   Context: "make poor court policy".
        *   This is a compound noun. The "court" is the modifier.
        *   Is it the "policy of the institution" (Sense 8) or "policy of the judges" (Sense 1)?
        *   Usually, "policy" is an attribute of an institution.
        *   However, Sense 1 (Group) is defined as "an assembly... to conduct judicial business".
        *   Sense 8 (Index 8) "lawcourt" suggests the venue or the legal framework.
        *   Let's look at the gloss of Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business". This implies the active body.
        *   Let's look at Sense 8: "a tribunal...".
        *   Which one is "court policy"?
        *   If I say "Supreme Court policy", I am talking about the rules set by the justices (Sense 1) or the administration of the institution (Sense 8).
        *   Usually, WSD systems tag "court" in "court rules" or "court policy" as the **body of judges** (Sense 1) because they are the ones who generate the policy/precedent.
        *   Let's double check if Sense 8 is strictly for location. The definition "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate..." implies it's not just a room (Sense 2 is "a room in which a lawcourt sits"). Sense 8 is the institution.
        *   However, Sense 1 is "an assembly". Assemblies make decisions. Assemblies make policies.
        *   WordNet's "Group" category (Sense 1) is intended for entities that act. The "Artifact" or "Location" categories (Sense 2, Sense 8) are intended for things that exist or places.
        *   Since "court" here is the *source* of the policy (acting agent or origin), Sense 1 is the stronger candidate. The policy comes from the collective judgment/administration of the judges (the assembly).
        *   Let's compare with Sense 2: "a room". No.
        *   Let's compare with Sense 8: "lawcourt". This often carries the connotation of the legal entity as a place or static institution.
        *   Consider the synonym "tribunal" for Sense 1. A tribunal makes decisions.
        *   Consider the synonym "lawcourt" for Sense 8.
        *   Phrase: "court policy".
        *   If I replace "court" with synonyms:
            *   "make poor tribunal policy" (Sense 1 synonym) - Plausible.
            *   "make poor lawcourt policy" (Sense 8 synonym) - Less idiomatic. "Courtroom policy" (Sense 2 synonym) - Possible, but usually refers to decorum in the room, whereas the text discusses "coverage of future trials" which is a broader procedural/judicial policy.
            *   The text mentions "arguments... required adaptation by the courts." Plural. "The courts" generally refers to the judiciary (Sense 1 - groups of judges).
        *   If "the courts" (later in text) is Sense 1, then "court" in "court policy" is likely the singular form of the same concept.
        *   Sense 1 represents the judiciary as a collective agent.
        *   Sense 8 represents the court as a legal entity/venue.
        *   Decision: Sense 1 (Index 1) is the best fit because it refers to the acting body (judges/assembly) responsible for creating the policy.

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Index 1: `court%1:14:00::` -> Definition: an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business.
    *   Context: "...make poor court policy..."
    *   Reasoning: The "court" creates the policy. Policy is a decision/rule made by the judicial assembly. Sense 1 defines "court" as the assembly that conducts business (making policy is part of conducting business/administering justice). Sense 8 is more static/institutional (lawcourt). While related, Sense 1 captures the agency required for "making policy".
    *   Also, Sense 1 is the primary sense in WordNet for the judicial body.
    *   Wait, I should check if Sense 1 is strictly for the *session* or the *people*.
    *   Gloss: "an assembly (including one or more judges)". This implies people.
    *   Gloss Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by...". This implies the organized structure.
    *   However, Sense 1 is widely used for "The court ruled...".
    *   "Court policy" is the policy established by the court.
    *   I will stick with Index 1.

    *   Let's double check Index 8.
    *   Sense 8 synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
    *   Would "court of law policy" fit? It's awkward.
    *   "Judicial policy" would be a good paraphrase.
    *   Sense 1 synonym "judicature" -> "judicature policy"? A bit archaic.
    *   Sense 1 synonym "tribunal" -> "tribunal policy".
    *   Let's look at the structure of the text again. "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments..."
    *   "Appeals courts" refers to the bodies of judges.
    *   In WordNet, does "appeals court" map to Sense 1 or 8? Usually, specific courts (Supreme Court, Appeals Court) are instances of the general concept.
    *   Sense 1 is defined as "an assembly...".
    *   Sense 8 is "a tribunal...".
    *   Let's check the hierarchical parents in standard WN.
    *   Sense 1 (14:00) -> assembly -> group -> entity.
    *   Sense 8 (06:05) -> tribunal -> ...
        *   In WN 3.0: `court%1:06:05` (Artifact) is a `tribunal`. `tribunal` is an `artifact`.
        *   In WN 3.0: `court%1:14:00` (Group) is an `assembly`. `assembly` is a `group`.
    *   An artifact (Sense 8) does not "make" policy in the active sense; the group (Sense 1) does.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct selection for an agentive context or a context implying agency/authority. "Court policy" implies the authority of the court.

    *   One counter-argument: Is "court policy" a fixed phrase where "court" is just a modifier like "court system"?
    *   Even so, the modifier refers to the judiciary.
    *   WordNet Sense 1 covers the judiciary as a body of people.
    *   Sense 8 covers the institution as an artifact.
    *   Usage: "Court officials", "Court system".
    *   Usage: "The court rules". "Court" here is the body.
    *   Selection: Index 1.

    *   Wait, let me check the provided list numbering again.
    *   1: court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly...
    *   2: court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room...
    *   3: court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign...
    *   4: court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked area...
    *   5: court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player...
    *   6: court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue...
    *   7: court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists...
    *   8: court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal...
    *   9: court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign...
    *   10: court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls...
    *   11: court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference...

    *   I am deciding between 1 and 8.
    *   Sentence: "...make poor court policy..."
    *   Definition 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
    *   Definition 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws".
    *   Many annotators distinguish Sense 1 (Group) from Sense 8 (Institution/Artifact).
    *   "Court policy" -> Policy of the institution?
    *   However, Sense 1 is the standard sense for the "court" as the active judicial body.
    *   Example: "The court is in recess" (Sense 1 - the people are on break) vs "The court is large" (Sense 2 - the room).
    *   Example: "The court decides" (Sense 1).
    *   Example: "Court rules" (Sense 1 - rules made by the body).
    *   "Court policy" falls under the "Court rules" category. It is the output of the judicial business conducted by the assembly.
    *   Thus, Sense 1 is appropriate.

    *   Let's check Sense 8 again. Synonyms: "lawcourt".
    *   "Lawcourt policy"? No.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 1: "tribunal", "judicature".
    *   "Tribunal policy"? Possible.
    *   "Judicature policy"? Possible.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best match.

    *   Final check: The target is in the phrase "court policy". The broader context discusses "coverage of future trials" and "adaptation by the courts".
    *   "The courts" (plural) at the end refers to Sense 1 (assemblies/groups of judges).
    *   Consistency suggests the singular "court" in "court policy" is also Sense 1.

    *   Answer formulation:
    *   Choose Index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court <t>policy</t> governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "policy" and the surface form is "policy".
2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts." (precedes the target).
    *   Target sentence: "In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court **policy** governing coverage of future trials."
    *   Key phrase: "court policy governing coverage of future trials".
    *   Meaning: A set of rules or a plan of action established by the court (an institution/social group) regarding how media coverage should be handled.
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
        *   Examples: "it was a policy of retribution", "a politician keeps changing his policies".
        *   Fit: Courts are institutions/social groups. They adopt plans of action (rules, guidelines) for how things operate. The context refers to "court policy governing coverage", which fits "a plan of action adopted by... a social group".
    *   **Sense 2:** "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
        *   Examples: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation".
        *   Fit: This sense usually refers to high-level government direction or the reasoning behind political action. While courts are part of the government, "policy" here refers to specific administrative rules regarding trial coverage, not necessarily a broad "line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" in the political sense usually associated with this definition (which often borders on "politics" or "statecraft"). Sense 1 is broader and covers administrative/institutional rules better than Sense 2's specific focus on government rationalization/political strategy.
    *   **Sense 3:** "written contract or certificate of insurance".
        *   Synonyms: insurance policy.
        *   Fit: Clearly incorrect. No insurance context.
4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   WordNet sense keys often distinguish between general "plan of action" (policy%1:09:00::) and "government line of argument/rationalization" (policy%1:10:00::).
    *   The context mentions "court policy governing coverage". This is a standard operating procedure or a set of rules established by the court system. This aligns well with "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
    *   Sense 2 ("a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government") is often used for broader political strategies (e.g., foreign policy, economic policy).
    *   The phrase "make poor court policy" suggests creating a rule or standard procedure. Sense 1 fits "plan of action" perfectly. Courts are a social group/institution.
5.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1.
6.  **Format output:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing <t>coverage</t> of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The sentence is: "But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest."
    *   Later mentions: "The case dominated the news", "news media", "Twitter coverage", "reports delivered more slowly", "coverage of future trials".
    *   The context clearly talks about news reporting, media presence (tweets, cameras, reporters), and how a trial is presented in the news.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `coverage%1:21:00::` | Definition: "the total amount and type of insurance carried" | Synonyms: "insurance coverage".
        *   This relates to insurance policies. The context is about a trial and news media. This is incorrect.
    *   **Sense 2**: `coverage%1:07:00::` | Definition: "the extent to which something is covered" | Examples: "the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent".
        *   This usually refers to scope or breadth (e.g., how many words a dictionary includes, or the area a signal reaches). While "intense coverage" could theoretically refer to the extent, the context emphasizes the *act* of reporting ("news media", "reporters", "tweets", "cameras"). The example "dictionary's coverage" is abstract/scope-based, whereas the target context is about journalistic activity.
    *   **Sense 3**: `coverage%1:10:00::` | Definition: "the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television" | Synonyms: "reporting, reportage" | Examples: "they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations".
        *   Definition: matches "news presented by reporters".
        *   Synonyms: "reporting" fits perfectly with the lawyers' complaints about how the trial was reported.
        *   Example: "biased coverage of race relations" is structurally and semantically very similar to "intense coverage of the trial".

3.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   The context explicitly mentions "reporters", "news media", "newspapers", "Twitter", and "courts". The target word refers to the journalistic reporting of the trial.
    *   Sense 3 is the exact match for news reporting.

4.  **Format the output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 3 corresponds to index 3 (assuming the list provided is 1-indexed based on the prompt's numbering).
    *   Wait, the prompt lists candidates as "1.", "2.", "3.". So the index is 3.

    Let's double-check the numbering in the prompt.
    "1. sense_key=..."
    "2. sense_key=..."
    "3. sense_key=..."

    Therefore, the correct index is 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trials
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future <t>trials</t>. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**: The text discusses "coverage of the trial", "verdict", "courthouse", "lawyers", "court policy", "appeals courts". The word "trials" appears in the phrase "coverage of future trials". This context is explicitly legal. The previous sentences mention a verdict, lawyers filing a challenge, and a courthouse.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: "the act of testing something" (scientific/experimental context). Not fitting.
    *   Sense 2: "trying something to find out about it" (trial run, tryout). Not fitting.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of undergoing testing" (test of skill/battle). Not fitting.
    *   Sense 4: "(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law". This fits the context perfectly. Examples include "he had a fair trial", "go to trial".
    *   Sense 5: "(sports) a preliminary competition". Not fitting.
    *   Sense 6: "an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event". Not fitting.

3.  **Select the best sense**: Sense 4 is the legal definition. The context is entirely about legal proceedings (verdict, courthouse, lawyers, court policy). Therefore, Sense 4 is the correct choice.

4.  **Format the output**: The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`. The index for the legal sense (Sense 4) is4.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: argument
Target surface form: arguments
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to <t>arguments</t> that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=argument%1:10:02:: | definition=a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true | synonyms=statement | examples=it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true
2. sense_key=argument%1:10:03:: | definition=a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement | synonyms=controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt | examples=they were involved in a violent argument
3. sense_key=argument%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal | synonyms=argumentation, debate | examples=the argument over foreign aid goes on and on
4. sense_key=argument%1:10:01:: | definition=a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie | synonyms=literary argument | examples=the editor added the argument to the poem
5. sense_key=argument%1:10:04:: | definition=(computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program | synonyms=parameter
6. sense_key=argument%1:09:00:: | definition=a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
7. sense_key=argument%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "arguments" in the context: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Let's analyze the context:
The lawyers are making a claim or offering a reason/evidence to show that social and technological changes require adaptation by the courts. They are offering "arguments" (facts or assertions offered as evidence) to support this claim.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. argument%1:10:02:: - a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true. (e.g., "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true"). In the text, the "arguments" are assertions offered as evidence that "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts". This fits perfectly.
2. argument%1:10:03:: - a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement. Not the primary meaning here. It's not a dispute, it's a legal reasoning/assertion.
3. argument%1:10:00:: - a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition. No, it's not a discussion, it's the assertions themselves.
7. argument%1:09:00:: - a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood. This is close, but the specific instantiation here is a "fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true". Sense 1 emphasizes the assertion itself (as in legal arguments), whereas sense 7 emphasizes the methodical process of logical reasoning. "Attracted to arguments that..." usually points to the substantive claim or assertion made to support a conclusion.

Let's look closely at Sense 1: "a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true". The lawyers make the assertion that "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts". This assertion is the argument.

Sense 7: "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood". This is more about the logical structure or line of reasoning.

In legal contexts, "arguments" usually refers to the claims or assertions made to persuade the court, which fits Sense 1 ("a fact or assertion offered as evidence"). "The claim that instant news was more incendiary... was a Luddite view" -> "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments [assertions/claims offered as evidence] that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Sense 1 fits best. The synonym "statement" also fits the claim made.

Therefore, sense index 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological <t>changes</t> required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "change"
    *   Target surface form: "changes"
    *   Context sentence: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological <t>changes</t> required adaptation by the courts."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses legal appeals, media coverage (Twitter), and how courts handle new situations. The specific phrase is "social and technological changes".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" (synonyms: alteration, modification).
        *   *Evaluation:* This fits well. Technological changes are events where technology moves from one state to another (e.g., no Twitter -> Twitter). Social changes are similar shifts.

    *   **Sense 2:** "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event".
        *   *Evaluation:* This is similar to Sense 1 but focuses on the *difference* rather than the *event/process*. While there is a difference, "social and technological changes" usually refers to the shifts/events themselves that necessitate adaptation. Sense 1 captures the dynamic nature better.

    *   **Sense 3:** "the action of changing something".
        *   *Evaluation:* This implies a specific agent performing an action. "Social and technological changes" are usually abstract forces or processes, not necessarily a specific action taken by an identifiable agent on an object.

    *   **Sense 4:** "the result of alteration or modification".
        *   *Evaluation:* This focuses on the outcome. While the result is part of it, the phrase often refers to the phenomenon of change itself.

    *   **Sense 5:** "the balance of money received...".
        *   *Evaluation:* Irrelevant (monetary context only).

    *   **Sense 6:** "a thing that is different".
        *   *Evaluation:* Too vague. The text talks about processes of adaptation necessitated by shifts, not just "different things".

    *   **Sense 7:** "a different or fresh set of clothes".
        *   *Evaluation:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 8:** "coins of small denomination...".
        *   *Evaluation:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 9:** "money received in return...".
        *   *Evaluation:* Irrelevant.

    *   **Sense 10:** "a difference that is usually pleasant" (variety).
        *   *Evaluation:* Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 (and possibly 4):**
    *   The context is "social and technological changes required adaptation".
    *   Sense 1 (an event/occurrence of passing from one state to another) vs Sense 2 (relational difference).
    *   In standard usage like "technological changes", we are talking about the occurrences of transition. For example, the "event" of social media emerging.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "the change was intended to increase sales" (event/occurrence). "This storm is certainly a change for the worse".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "he attributed the change to their marriage". This focuses on the before/after state difference.
    *   In the text: "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation". Adaptation is required *because* things have moved from one state to another (Sense 1). The *event* of passing from one phase to another necessitates action.
    *   Sense 1 is the most standard definition for "change" in the sense of "social change" or "technological change". It denotes the process/event. Sense 2 is often used for specific comparisons of states. Sense 1 is the hypernym for "alteration" and "modification".

    Let's re-read the definitions carefully.
    Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another". This perfectly describes "technological changes" (technological progress/shifts).
    Sense 2: "a relational difference between states". This is often used when comparing two static points.
    Sense 4: "the result of alteration". This is the outcome.

    The phrase "social and technological changes" refers to the dynamic shifts in society and technology.
    Sense 1 is the best fit. It describes the event/process.

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:*
    Is it Sense 4? "The result of alteration". If I say "Technological changes", am I referring to the result? E.g., "The changes in the landscape were visible." vs "The changes in the political climate." Usually, "social changes" refers to the process or the broad phenomenon of passing from state A to state B. Sense 1 is the definition of "change" as a transition. It is the primary definition for non-monetary, non-clothing abstract nouns.

    Let's check the examples for Sense 1 again. "The change was intended..." (Action/Event). "This storm is a change..." (Event).
    The sentence says "changes... required adaptation". It is the event of shifting that creates the pressure to adapt.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Let's double check Sense 2. Definition: "a relational difference between states". Example: "he attributed the change to their marriage". This implies looking at the state of the person before and after marriage. In the text, "technological changes" isn't just the difference between 1990 tech and 2020 tech, it's the ongoing occurrence of passing from one to the other that drives the legal argument.

    Sense 1 is the broadest and most fitting definition for "social changes" and "technological changes".

    **Decision:** Sense 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adaptation
Target surface form: adaptation
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required <t>adaptation</t> by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adaptation%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=version | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
2. sense_key=adaptation%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) | synonyms=adaption, adjustment
3. sense_key=adaptation%1:04:01:: | definition=(physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "adaptation" in the context of courts responding to social and technological changes. Let me analyze the context:

"But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

The context is talking about courts needing to adapt or adjust to social and technological changes. This is about a process of change/adjustment in response to new conditions.

Let me look at the three senses:

1. adaptation%1:10:00:: - a written work that has been recast in a new form (like a novel adapted into a play)
2. adaptation%1:22:00:: - the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) - synonyms: adaption, adjustment
3. adaptation%1:04:01:: - physiological responsive adjustment of a sense organ

The context is about courts needing to adjust/adapt to social and technological changes. This clearly fits sense 2 - the process of adapting to something. The courts need to go through a process of adjustment/adaptation in response to changing conditions (social and technological changes).

Sense 1 is about a specific written work being recast - not applicable here.
Sense 3 is about physiological adaptation of sense organs - not applicable here.

Sense 2 is clearly the right choice - it's about the process of adjusting/adapting to new conditions, which matches the context of courts adapting to social and technological changes.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: courts
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** court
    *   **Target surface form:** courts (plural noun)
    *   **Context:** The text discusses a legal case, a verdict, lawyers, judges, trials, and appeals. Specifically, the target word appears in the sentence: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>."
    *   **Meaning in context:** Here, "courts" refers to the judicial system or bodies of judges that make legal decisions. It refers to the institutions responsible for administering justice, not the physical room or a royal court.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `court%1:14:00::` | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature. This refers to the body of people (the judges/assembly) doing the work.
    *   **Sense 2:** `court%1:06:02::` | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom. This is the physical location. The context mentions "courthouse" earlier, but the target instance "adaptation by the courts" implies an institution making policy changes, not a physical room adapting.
    *   **Sense 3:** `court%1:14:01::` | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 4:** `court%1:06:01::` | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 5:** `court%1:18:00::` | definition=Australian woman tennis player... Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 6:** `court%1:14:02::` | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 7:** `court%1:06:03::` | definition=a hotel for motorists. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 8:** `court%1:06:05::` | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice. This refers to the institution/tribunal system.
    *   **Sense 9:** `court%1:06:04::` | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 10:** `court%1:06:00::` | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings. Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 11:** `court%1:04:00::` | definition=respectful deference. Irrelevant.

3.  **Differentiate between Sense 1 and Sense 8:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business". Synonyms: tribunal, judicature. Focus is on the *assembly* of people.
    *   **Sense 8:** "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws". Synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice. Focus is on the *tribunal* as an entity/institution administering justice.

    *   *Contextual Clues:* "adaptation by the courts". This implies the judiciary as an institution or system.
    *   Let's look at the earlier mention: "appeals courts". This suggests the institutional body.
    *   In WordNet hierarchies:
        *   Sense 1 (`court%1:14:00::`) falls under `group, grouping`.
        *   Sense 8 (`court%1:06:05::`) falls under `tribunal`.
    *   Often, the distinction between "the body of judges" and "the tribunal/institution" is subtle. However, the phrase "adaptation by the courts" refers to the institution acting as an agent of change or a body establishing policy. Sense 8 emphasizes "administer justice according to the laws" and lists "court of law" as a synonym.
    *   Let's check the WordNet definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: "an assembly... to conduct judicial business".
    *   Sense 8: "a tribunal... administer justice...".
    *   Usually, when referring to "the courts" in a general sense (like "the courts decided", "policy of the courts"), it refers to the judiciary/institution.
    *   Sense 8 is often the preferred sense for the general concept of a "court of law" or the judicial system in WSD tasks where the distinction between the people (Sense 1) and the institution (Sense 8) exists. The text says "adaptation by the courts". Institutions adapt.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms.
        *   Sense 1: tribunal, judicature. (Judicature can mean the administration of justice or the personnel).
        *   Sense 8: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
    *   In this context ("appeals courts", "adaptation by the courts"), we are talking about the judicial bodies/institutions.
    *   Wait, let's look closer at the structure. Is Sense 8 a hyponym of Sense 1 in some versions? No, they are separate synsets in WordNet 3.0/3.1.
    *   Sense 1 is `court%1:14:00::` (lexicographer file 14: group).
    *   Sense 8 is `court%1:06:05::` (lexicographer file 06: artifact/location? No, act/law?). Actually, `1:06` is usually "artifact". Let me double-check WordNet file numbers.
        *   `1:14` is `group`.
        *   `1:06` is `artifact` or `location`? Actually, usually `noun.location` or `noun.artifact`.
        *   Sense 8 definition: "a tribunal that is presided over by...". A tribunal can be a place or a body.
    *   Let's re-evaluate the context phrase: "adaptation by the courts".
    *   If we look at Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges)". Groups can adapt.
    *   If we look at Sense 8: "a tribunal...". Institutions can adapt.
    *   Usually, Sense 1 (`court%1:14:00::`) is used for the specific session or the gathering of judges. E.g., "The court is in session."
    *   Sense 8 (`court%1:06:05::`) acts more like the established body/organization.
    *   However, Sense 2 is the physical room (also `1:06`).
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 8 again.
        *   Example for Sense 1: not provided in the prompt list, but typically refers to the body of judges.
        *   Example for Sense 8: not provided.
    *   Let's look at the prompt examples provided for other senses to gauge the specificity.
        *   Sense 2 example: "television cameras...". Physical room.
    *   In the sentence "appeals courts", "courts" is plural.
    *   "Appeals courts" = "Appeals tribunals/bodies".
    *   "Adaptation by the courts" = Adaptation by the judicial bodies.
    *   Sense 8 lists "court of law", "court of justice". "Appeals court" fits very well as a type of "court of law".
    *   Sense 1 lists "tribunal".
    *   There is often overlap. Let's look at standard WSD annotations (like SemCor).
    *   In SemCor, "court" referring to the judicial institution is often tagged as Sense 1 (`court%1:14:00::`).
    *   Why? Because Sense 1 is defined as "an assembly... to conduct judicial business". It emphasizes the *people* acting as a group.
    *   Sense 8 emphasizes the tribunal structure.
    *   However, `court%1:06:05::` is defined as "a tribunal...". A tribunal is defined in WordNet as "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business". This makes Sense 8 a circular reference to Sense 1 in a way? No, Sense 1 has "tribunal" as a synonym.
    *   Let's look at the hierarchy.
        *   Sense 1 (group): Hypernym = `gathering`, `assemblage`.
        *   Sense 8 (artifact/location/body?): The definition says "a tribunal that is presided over...". It seems to imply the institution or the entity.
    *   Let's consider the phrase "appeals courts". An appeals court is an institution.
    *   Most WSD systems and manual annotations for "The Supreme Court", "federal courts", etc., often favor Sense 1 if the emphasis is on the judges acting, or Sense 8 if it's the legal entity.
    *   Let's look at the specific gloss for Sense 1 again: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
    *   Let's look at the specific gloss for Sense 8 again: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws".
    *   The word "tribunal" is a synonym of Sense 1.
    *   Sense 8 seems to be the "court of law" sense.
    *   Let's test the substitution.
        *   "But some lawyers said appeals [assemblies of judges] were often attracted..." (Sense 1)
        *   "But some lawyers said appeals [courts of law] were often attracted..." (Sense 8)
    *   Sense 8 feels slightly more appropriate for the established institution "appeals courts". Sense 1 feels more like "The court is now in session".
    *   However, checking SemCor or OntoNotes distributions:
        *   SemCor often uses `court%1:14:00::` (Sense 1) for "Supreme Court" and "The court ruled".
        *   Why? Because the court consists of the judges (the assembly).
        *   Sense 8 is sometimes used, but Sense 1 is very common for the body of judges.
    *   Let's check the synonym "judicature" in Sense 1. "The judicature" refers to the judiciary or the position of a judge.
    *   Let's check the synonyms of Sense 8: "lawcourt". "Appeals lawcourt"? No, we say "Appeals court".
    *   Let's check the surface form "appeals courts". This is a specific type of court.
    *   There is a distinction in WordNet between the *session/assembly* (Sense 1) and the *institution/location* (Sense 8).
    *   However, Sense 2 handles the physical location.
    *   Sense 8 is defined as "a tribunal". In WordNet, `tribunal` (noun) usually maps to Sense 1's synset (`court%1:14:00::`). Let's check the synonym list of Sense 1. Synonyms: `tribunal`, `judicature`.
    *   If Sense 1 *is* the `tribunal` synset, then Sense 8 is a hyponym or a distinct entry? Actually, in WordNet 3.0, Sense 1 (`court%1:14:00::`) *is* the synset containing `tribunal` and `judicature`.
    *   Sense 8 (`court%1:06:05::`) contains `lawcourt`, `court of law`, `court of justice`.
    *   Which one fits "appeals courts"?
    *   An "appeals court" is a specific "court of law" or "court of justice".
    *   Does "appeals court" fit Sense 1? "Appeals assembly"? It's possible.
    *   Let's look at the "adaptation by the courts" part.
    *   If the text refers to the judiciary as a system: "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts".
    *   "Courts" here means the judicial system/institutions.
    *   Sense 8 lists "court of justice". This sounds like the institution.
    *   Sense 1 lists "assembly". "Adaptation by the assemblies"? It sounds slightly less institutional and more event-based, but "assembly" can mean a group of people constituted for a specific purpose.
    *   Let's look at previous instances in the text. "poor court policy". This usage is adjectival ("court policy"). The target is specifically "appeals courts" and "adaptation by the courts".
    *   Let's look at the definition of Sense 1 again. "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business". This covers the *functional* aspect of judges sitting together.
    *   Let's look at Sense 8. "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate...". This defines it as a "tribunal" (which is Sense 1's word) but adds "administer justice according to the laws".
    *   Often, Sense 1 is preferred in WSD datasets for "The court ruled...", "Federal courts".
    *   Example from WordNet browser for Sense 1: "The court is sitting".
    *   Example for Sense 8: "court of law".
    *   The phrase "appeals courts" names a specific kind of court. Is it an assembly or a court of law? It is a court of law.
    *   However, WordNet Sense 1 is the generic concept of a judicial body.
    *   Let's look at the senses provided in the prompt.
    *   Sense 1: `court%1:14:00::` (Group).
    *   Sense 8: `court%1:06:05::` (Artifact/Location/Act?).
    *   Usually, WSD tasks define "The Supreme Court" or "Federal Courts" as Sense 1 because they are groups of people (judges) organized to do business. The "court of law" (Sense 8) is sometimes treated as the location or the abstract legal entity, but Sense 1 is very strong for "the body of judges".
    *   Let's try to find a deciding factor.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 1: `tribunal`, `judicature`. `Judicature` implies the administration of justice. `Tribunal` is a general term for a court.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 8: `lawcourt`, `court of law`. "Lawcourt" sounds more like a place or a specific type. "Appeals court" is a court of law.
    *   But consider the word "assembly" in Sense 1. Is an "appeals court" an assembly? Yes, the panel of judges is an assembly.
    *   Consider "adaptation by the courts". The courts as institutions.
    *   There is a potential trap here. "Courthouse" (Sense 2/10?) is mentioned earlier. But the target is "courts".
    *   Let's assume the standard distinction:
        *   Sense 1: The body of judges (The group).
        *   Sense 8: The institution/court of law (The entity/place in abstract).
    *   However, in WordNet, Sense 1 is often the "main" synset for the judicial court. It is a hypernym of Sense 8? No.
    *   Let's check the definition of Sense 1 again: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
    *   Context: "appeals courts".
    *   If I say "The Supreme Court", it is an assembly of judges.
    *   In many WSD datasets (e.g., SemCor), "Supreme Court" and "federal courts" are tagged as Sense 1.
    *   Why? Because the court consists of the judges (the assembly).
    *   Sense 8 is often reserved for contexts where "court of law" or "lawcourt" would be the preferred synonym, distinguishing it from other courts (like royal courts), or emphasizing the legal machinery rather than the people.
    *   However, "appeals courts" refers to the institution. Institutions are composed of people.
    *   Let's look at the gloss of Sense 1: "conduct judicial business".
    *   Let's look at the gloss of Sense 8: "administer justice".
    *   The context discusses "policy governing coverage of future trials" and "adaptation". This is institutional behavior.
    *   However, "assembly" (Sense 1) is defined as a group of people.
    *   Let's compare the frequency. Sense 1 is usually the most frequent sense (MFS) for "court" in the judicial context. If Sense 1 covers "tribunal" and "judicature", it covers the generic judicial court.
    *   Sense 8 is "lawcourt". Is "Appeals court" a "lawcourt"? Yes.
    *   But Sense 1 is "tribunal". Is "Appeals court" a "tribunal"? Yes.
    *   The distinction is subtle. Sense 1 puts it in the file `noun.group`. Sense 8 puts it in `noun.artifact` (or similar). Courts (the institution) are arguably social groups or artifacts.
    *   Actually, `court%1:14:00::` (Sense 1) is in `noun.group`. `court%1:06:05::` (Sense 8) is in `noun.artifact`.
    *   Is "courts" in "appeals courts" a group of people or an artifact/institution?
    *   "The courts" (the judiciary) are made of people. "The assembly of judges".
    *   However, "appeals courts" are established bodies (institutions/artifacts).
    *   Let's check the OntoNotes sense inventory if possible (mentally). In OntoNotes, "court" usually distinguishes between the `body` (judges) and the `facility` (room). The body sense is dominant.
    *   WordNet Sense 1 is "assembly... of judges". This fits the "body" sense.
    *   WordNet Sense 8 is "lawcourt... tribunal...". This is confusing because tribunal is in Sense 1.
    *   Let's look at the Synonyms in the prompt again.
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: tribunal, judicature.
    *   Sense 8 synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
    *   "Appeals court" fits better as a "court of law" or "court of justice" than as a "tribunal"? No, appeals courts are tribunals.
    *   But "judicature" (Sense 1 synonym) means the administration of justice or the judges collectively.
    *   "Adaptation by the courts" -> "Adaptation by the judicature" (Sense 1). This works.
    *   "Adaptation by the courts" -> "Adaptation by the courts of law" (Sense 8). This also works.
    *   Let's try to find a reason to pick one over the other.
    *   Sense 1 is "an assembly". Sense 8 is "a tribunal that is presided over...".
    *   Wait, if Sense 1 has `tribunal` as a synonym, and Sense 8 uses `tribunal` in the definition ("a tribunal that is..."), then Sense 8 might be seen as a specific type or a restatement?
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet 3.1 data:
        *   Sense 1 (1:14:00::) Synset: {court, tribunal, judicature}. Gloss: an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business.
        *   Sense 8 (1:06:05::) Synset: {court, lawcourt, court_of_justice, court_of_law}. Gloss: a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws.
    *   Wait, Sense 8 uses the word "tribunal" in its gloss. This suggests Sense 8 *is a type of tribunal*. Since Sense 1 *is* the synset for `tribunal`, Sense 8 is effectively a hyponym of Sense 1 in the general taxonomy of meaning, even if WordNet structure doesn't explicitly link them as hyponym/hypernym directly in the pointer structure (sometimes WordNet has parallel hierarchies).
    *   If Sense 8 is a specific kind of tribunal (court of law), and "appeals court" is a specific kind of court of law, then Sense 8 might be more precise?
    *   However, "appeals court" is a generic term for any court that hears appeals.
    *   Let's look at the context "appeals courts".
    *   Is an appeals court a "court of law"? Yes.
    *   Is an appeals court a "tribunal"? Yes.
    *   Which sense is the "best" indexed sense?
    *   Sense 1 is the "Group" sense. Sense 8 is the "Artifact/Institution" sense.
    *   The sentence says: "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."
    *   Adaptation is done by the institution/system.
    *   However, courts consist of judges.
    *   Let's look at the previous sentence: "appeals courts".
    *   If I have to choose between the "assembly of judges" (Sense 1) and the "court of law" (Sense 8).
    *   "Appeals court" is a standard legal term. It refers to the body.
    *   In almost all WSD corpora (SemCor), "Supreme Court", "lower courts", "federal courts" are mapped to Sense 1 (`court%1:14:00::`).
    *   Why? Because the emphasis is on the *entity constituted by judges*. The sense `group` captures the agency of the court. An artifact (Sense 8) doesn't usually "adapt" or "be attracted to arguments" in the active sense, although institutions do. But WordNet categorizes Sense 8 under artifact/location, whereas Sense 1 is under group.
    *   Agents of action are usually Groups or People. "The courts adapted" implies the judges (the group) adapted their stance/policy.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended sense for the judicial body acting as an agent.
    *   Sense 8 ("lawcourt") often leans towards the facility or the abstract legal entity in a static sense.
    *   The synonym "judicature" in Sense 1 strongly supports the systemic/institutional meaning of "the courts" (the judiciary).
    *   Let's confirm the sense index.
    *   Sense 1: `court%1:14:00::`.

    Let's double check Sense 8's synonyms. `lawcourt`. "Appeals lawcourt"? Not a common phrase. `court of law`. "Appeals court of law"? No.
    Sense 1 synonyms: `tribunal`, `judicature`. "Appeals tribunal" is common. "The judicature" refers to the system.
    The usage "appeals courts" matches the semantic field of Sense 1 (tribunal/judicature) better than Sense 8 (lawcourt/court of law) stylistically, and the agency argument (courts adapting) fits the "Group" (Sense 1) ontology better than the "Artifact" (Sense 8) ontology.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Let's check if there's any ambiguity with Sense 2 (room).
    Context: "adaptation by the courts". A room cannot adapt to social changes. It must be the body/institution.
    So it's between 1 and 8.
    As argued, Sense 1 (Group) captures the active judicial body. Sense 8 (Artifact/Location) is less suitable for an agent of adaptation.
    Also, Sense 1 is the standard generic sense for judicial courts in WordNet.

    Final check:
    Target: courts
    Context: "appeals courts", "adaptation by the courts".
    Sense 1 definition: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
    Synonyms: tribunal, judicature.
    This fits perfectly. "Judicature" refers to the judges collectively or the administration of justice. "Tribunal" is the general term for such a body.

    Sense 8 definition: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws".
    Synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
    This is also very close. However, the categorization as an artifact (implied by the file ID 1:06 vs 1:14) makes it less suitable for an active agent. Furthermore, Sense 1 is generally the dominant sense for this meaning in annotated datasets.

    I will select Sense 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claim
Context:
They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine which one best fits the target word "claim" in this context.

The context:
"They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules."

The target word "claim" appears in the sentence "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim." In this context, the claim refers to the assertion that "instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly." This is an assertion about a state of affairs in the world - specifically about the relative effects of different media speeds on incendiary potential in court cases.

Let's analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
   - This refers to a legal claim for rights or compensation, which is not what's being discussed here.

2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
   - This matches the context well. The claim here is that "instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly" - an assertion that something is true about the effects of different media speeds.

3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
   - This is about demanding something, not making an assertion.

4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
   - This refers to a right or entitlement, which is not applicable here.

5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
   - This also refers to a right or entitlement, not applicable here.

6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty
   - This doesn't fit the context at all.

Based on this analysis, sense 2 is clearly the best fit. The claim being pressed is an assertion that something is true (that instant news is more incendiary), not a demand for rights or property. The example "his claim that he was innocent" is particularly similar to the context here, where someone is making an assertion about a factual matter.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.