[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *problem*
    *   Context sentence: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a **problem**, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses immigration in France. It mentions the perception of immigrants as a "burden" and the need to "solve" the immigration problem. The phrase "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" implies a negative condition or source of difficulty affecting society/economy.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `problem%1:26:00::`
        *   Definition: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved
        *   Synonyms: job
        *   Examples: "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"
        *   Analysis: This sense refers to a general state of affairs or a specific situation that is difficult and requires a solution. In the text, it says "our immigration problem to be solved". This aligns well with "needs to be resolved". The phrase "having problems" in the example is about personal/relational difficulty. The context here is societal difficulty.

    *   **Sense 2:** `problem%1:10:00::`
        *   Definition: a question raised for consideration or solution
        *   Examples: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve"
        *   Analysis: This sense is usually academic or technical (like a math problem). While the text mentions "solved", immigration isn't a "question" or a "puzzle" in the abstract academic sense; it's a social issue. This seems too narrow and specific to academic/exercise contexts.

    *   **Sense 3:** `problem%1:09:00::`
        *   Definition: a source of difficulty
        *   Synonyms: trouble
        *   Examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?"
        *   Analysis: This sense treats the problem as a *source* or cause of difficulty. Synonyms include "trouble". The text says immigration is a "burden and a problem". Being a burden is being a source of difficulty/trouble for the economy.
        *   *Comparison with Sense 1:* Sense 1 is "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". Sense 3 is "a source of difficulty".
        *   Let's look at the specific phrasing: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a **problem**..."
        *   In the previous sentence, "allow our immigration problem to be solved" suggests Sense 1 (state of difficulty needing resolution).
        *   In the target sentence, "being a burden and a problem", it equates the problem with the burden. A burden is something that causes trouble or is a source of difficulty.
        *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy (indicated by the sense keys).
            *   `problem%1:26:00::` -> `state` -> `attribute`.
            *   `problem%1:09:00::` -> `difficulty` -> `condition` -> `state`. Wait, let me check standard WordNet definitions associated with these offsets.
            *   Offset `09` usually corresponds to "difficulty".
            *   Offset `26` usually corresponds to "situation" / "state".
        *   Let's re-read the provided definitions carefully.
            *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". Examples: "having problems". This fits a complex situation.
            *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty". Synonyms: "trouble".
        *   Which fits better?
        *   "Immigration being a burden and a problem."
        *   If I say "Immigration is a problem," does it mean it is a source of difficulty (Sense 3) or a state of difficulty (Sense 1)?
        *   Usually, "The immigration problem" (noun phrase) refers to the situation (Sense 1).
        *   "Immigration is a problem" (predicative) often means it causes trouble (Sense 3).
        *   However, look at the previous sentence: "allow our immigration problem to be solved." This usage strongly supports the concept of a "problem" as an entity/issue to be solved.
        *   In the target sentence: "This notion of immigration being... a problem". This reinforces the view of immigration as the issue itself.
        *   Sense 1 ("state of difficulty") encompasses the whole situation. Sense 3 ("source of difficulty") treats it as the cause.
        *   WordNet often distinguishes these.
        *   Let's check synonyms. Sense 1 synonym is "job" (informal). Sense 3 synonym is "trouble".
        *   "Immigration is trouble" vs "Immigration is a job". Neither fits perfectly colloquially, but "Immigration is trouble" makes sense (Sense 3).
        *   However, "The immigration problem" is the core concept. Is the problem the *source* of the difficulty, or the *state* of difficulty? Usually, "The problem" is the situation needing fixing.
        *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems". This is a situation.
        *   Sense 3 example: "what's the problem?". This can mean "what is the source of the difficulty?".
        *   Let's look at the definition text provided again.
        *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". The text says "our immigration problem to be solved". This is a very strong match for the "needs to be resolved" part of Sense 1.
        *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
        *   In the phrase "being a burden and a problem", "burden" is a source of difficulty. "Problem" is coordinated with it.
        *   However, the overall context discusses "the immigration problem" as a solvable state.
        *   Often, Sense 1 is the primary sense for "a difficult situation". Sense 3 is often used for specific obstacles ("trouble").
        *   Let's compare the definition of Sense 1 and Sense 3 more closely.
        *   Sense 1: "state of difficulty".
        *   Sense 3: "source of difficulty".
        *   If X is a problem, is X a state or a source?
        *   "The math problem" (Sense 2).
        *   "The economic problem" (Sense 1 - a situation).
        *   "Drinking is a problem." (Sense 1 - a state of difficulty for the person). Or Sense 3 (source of trouble)?
        *   Let's check the examples again. Sense 1: "having problems" (relationship issues). This is a state.
        *   Sense 3: "one trouble after another" (individual instances of difficulty sources).
        *   In the text: "immigration being a burden and a problem".
        *   Immigration is viewed as a situation (state) that is difficult.
        *   If I select Sense 3, I am saying immigration is the *source* of difficulty.
        *   If I select Sense 1, I am saying immigration is a *state of difficulty*.
        *   The text says "This notion of immigration being... a problem... is economically very costly."
        *   The "problem" *is* the immigration situation.
        *   Let's look at the previous sentence: "immigration problem to be solved."
        *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions "needs to be resolved" in the definition. This aligns perfectly with "problem to be solved" in the text.
        *   Sense 3 defines it as a source. While a problem is a source of difficulty, the defining characteristic mentioned in the text (solution) maps better to Sense 1's definition (needs to be resolved).

        Let's evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3 again.
        Context: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
        The author is describing the *perception* of immigration.
        Perception = Immigration = Problem.
        Does Immigration = Source of Difficulty? Yes.
        Does Immigration = State of Difficulty? Yes.
        Which is the default?
        WordNet 3.1 or 3.0:
        1. problem (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved) -- `problem%1:26:00::` (Wait, usually sense 1 is `problem%1:09:00::` in older versions, let me stick to the prompt's indexing).

        Prompt Indexing:
        1. `problem%1:26:00::`: "state of difficulty..."
        3. `problem%1:09:00::`: "source of difficulty..."

        The definition of Sense 1 includes "needs to be resolved". The context mentions "solved".
        "allow our immigration problem to be solved".
        This specific link (Problem <-> Solved) points to Sense 1.
        Sense 3's definition does not mention resolution/solution explicitly in the gloss provided, just "source of difficulty".
        Also, Sense 1 examples ("having problems") fits the complex, abstract nature of a societal issue better than Sense 3 examples ("one trouble after another"), which feels more like a count noun for obstacles.
        "Immigration being a problem" is like "They are having problems". It describes a state of affairs.

        Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit because:
        1. Definition includes "needs to be resolved" which matches the context "solved".
        2. "State of difficulty" fits the "burden" aspect (being in a difficult state).
        3. Sense 3 (source of difficulty) is often synonymous with "trouble" in the sense of specific instances of bother. "Immigration" is a broad issue/state, fitting Sense 1.

        Wait, let me double-check the offsets provided in the prompt vs standard WordNet.
        Standard WordNet 3.0:
        S: (n) problem (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved) "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion"
        S: (n) trouble, problem (a source of difficulty) "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?"

        The prompt maps:
        Sense 1 -> `problem%1:26:00::` (State of difficulty) -> Note: In standard WN, this might be the 2nd sense or specific offset. But the prompt assigns it to index 1.
        Sense 3 -> `problem%1:09:00::` (Source of difficulty).

        I must follow the prompt's mapping.
        Index 1 = State of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
        Index 3 = Source of difficulty (trouble).

        Context: "immigration problem to be solved".
        The phrase "problem to be solved" strongly correlates with the definition "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".

        Target sentence: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a **problem**..."
        Here, "problem" is predicative. "Immigration is a problem."
        Is it a state or a source?
        "Immigration is a problem" = Immigration is a difficult situation.
        Sense 1 seems the intended meaning. It encompasses the "issue" that requires a solution.
        Sense 3 ("source of difficulty") is very close, but often implies a more active agent of trouble or a specific point of difficulty. "What's the problem?" asks for the source of the trouble. But "The immigration problem" is a specific entity/situation.

        Also, the coordination "burden and a problem".
        A burden is something carried (metaphorically a source of trouble/difficulty).
        If I choose Sense 3 (source of difficulty), "burden" and "problem" become synonymous.
        If I choose Sense 1 (state of difficulty), "burden" describes the weight/impact, and "problem" describes the existential state requiring resolution.

        However, the most decisive factor is the phrase "problem to be solved" appearing immediately before. The text creates a cohesive discourse about the "immigration problem" being an issue that needs a solution.
        Sense 1 definition: "...needs to be resolved".
        Context: "...problem to be solved".
        This is a direct lexical semantic match.

        Therefore, Index 1 is the correct choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: book
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** book
    *   **Target Surface Form:** book
    *   **Context Sentence:** "...remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future...)"
    *   **Key phrases:** "a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge", title provided, authors provided, publisher provided. The book is the vehicle for information/arguments. It is a "written work or composition".

2.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `book%1:10:00::` | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics.
        *   *Analysis:* The context mentions a title ("Exceptional People..."), authors (economists), and a publisher (Princeton University Press). It talks about the content ("summarising the most recent knowledge"). This fits perfectly with the concept of a written work published as a book.

    *   **Sense 2:** `book%1:06:00::` | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the physical artifact. While the book in context is a physical object, the sentence focuses on the *content* ("summarising... knowledge") and the act of authorship/publication, not the physical volume itself (like using it as a doorstop). Sense 1 is more appropriate for a "written work".

    *   **Sense 3:** `book%1:10:02::` | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book.
        *   *Analysis:* This usually refers to statistical records or "record books" (like the Guinness Book of World Records or sports stats). While the mentioned book compiles knowledge, it is a monograph/study, not a "record book" in the typical sense of tracking feats or statistics. The example "Al Smith... record" confirms this is about track records/history, not a published non-fiction book.

    *   **Sense 4:** `book%1:10:01::` | definition=a written version of a play...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Not a play.

    *   **Sense 5:** `book%1:21:00::` | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. Not accounting books.

    *   **Sense 6:** `book%1:14:01::` | definition=a collection of playing cards...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 7:** `book%1:14:00::` | definition=a collection of rules...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 8 & 9:** Religious texts.
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. The title is "Exceptional People...".

    *   **Sense 10:** `book%1:10:03::` | definition=a major division of a long written composition.
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect. It's a whole work, not a chapter/section.

    *   **Sense 11:** `book%1:06:02::` | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.)...
        *   *Analysis:* Incorrect.

3.  **Refine the Choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   WordNet distinguishes between the informational content/work (Sense 1) and the physical object (Sense 2).
    *   The context describes the "book" as "summarising the most recent knowledge". This is an attribute of the *work*, not the *object*. We cite the authors and the title. It corresponds to the example "I am reading a good book on economics".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Output Formatting:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The selected index is 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the lemma "immigration" in a specific context.

**Context Analysis:**
The target word is "immigration" in the sentence: "...summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t>...".
However, looking at the broader context:
- The text discusses the movement of people (Polish plumbers, immigrants) into France.
- It mentions "immigration problem", "migration flows", "admit immigrants".
- The specific sentence with the target lemma mentions "summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration".
- The book title mentions "Migration".

**Candidate Senses:**
1. `sense_key=immigration%1:04:00::`: "migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)" | synonyms=in-migration
2. `sense_key=immigration%1:14:00::`: "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval" | examples="the increased immigration strengthened the colony"

**Sense Comparison:**
*   **Sense 1** refers to the *process* or *act* of migrating into a place (the abstract concept or the phenomenon). Synonyms like "in-migration" support this.
*   **Sense 2** refers to the *group* of people (the body of immigrants) arriving. The example "the increased immigration strengthened the colony" implies the people themselves strengthened it.

**Application to Context:**
The context talks about "knowledge of immigration" and the "positive impact of migration flows". It also mentions "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth".
- Is "knowledge of immigration" knowledge about the *process* of moving, or knowledge about the *group of people*?
- "Restraining immigration" usually refers to restricting the process or the flow of people, not the body of people already there (though it affects the number).
- The phrase "positive impact of migration flows" equates "immigration" with "migration flows".
- Sense 1 (the process/migration into a place) seems to fit the general usage throughout the paragraph. When discussing "the immigration problem" or "knowledge of immigration", one is usually referring to the phenomenon/process.
- Sense 2 is a collective noun usage ("an immigration of birds"). While "immigration" can refer to the people arriving, the context here emphasizes the *phenomenon* and the *flows* (process).
- Let's look closer at the specific target sentence: "summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration".
- Does "knowledge of immigration" refer to knowledge about the people (Sense 2) or knowledge about the phenomenon/process (Sense 1)? Usually, we study the phenomenon/process.
- The definition of Sense 1 is "migration into a place". This fits "migration flows".
- The definition of Sense 2 is "the body of immigrants".
- The phrase "Restraining immigration" strongly suggests the process/flow. You restrain an activity or flow, not usually a specific body of people (though you can restrict the number).
- Let's check if there are other senses. WordNet usually has these two. Sometimes "immigration" is treated as a process.
- Sense 1 is the general concept.
- Sense 2 is specific to a group arriving.

Let's re-read the target sentence:
"...summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t>..."
Context mentions: "positive impact of migration flows". "Migration flows" is a synonym/related concept to Sense 1 (the process).
If I say "knowledge of immigration", I am talking about the subject matter/phenomenon.
Definition 1: "migration into a place". This is the phenomenon.
Definition 2: "the body of immigrants". This refers to the people.

Consider the phrase "Restraining immigration". You restrain the flow/process.
Consider "immigration problem". It's a problem associated with the process/phenomenon.
Therefore, Sense 1 (the process/phenomenon) is the correct choice.

Sense 2 is for cases like "There was a large immigration last year" meaning a large group arrived. Here the text uses "immigrants" to refer to the people ("...grant to immigrants") and "immigration" to refer to the issue/phenomenon/process.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: People
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "People" in the given context:

The context is about a book titled "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future". The word "People" here refers to humans or human beings in a collective sense, particularly in the context of migration.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience

This sense refers to any group of human beings collectively, which seems most general and would fit well with the book title "Exceptional People".

2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people

This sense specifically refers to citizens of a country or state. The book isn't specifically about citizens of a particular country but about people in general in the context of migration.

3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?

This sense refers to family lineage, which doesn't fit the context of the book about migration.

4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

This sense refers to "the common people" or masses in a more specific sociopolitical sense. While the book does discuss migration's impact on society, it's not specifically about "the common people" as opposed to elites or other social groups.

Based on the context, sense 1 (any group of human beings collectively) seems most appropriate. The book title "Exceptional People" is referring to humans as a collective group in the context of migration, not specifically to citizens of a country (sense 2), family lines (sense 3), or the common people vs. elites (sense 4).

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: Migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   **Target Lemma:** `migration` (noun).
    *   **Target Surface Form:** `Migration` (capitalized, title of a book, but referring to the concept).
    *   **Context:** The text discusses Polish plumbers, immigrants, French economy, Francois Hollande's program, "immigration problem", economic growth, wages, and employment in countries admitting immigrants. The specific sentence is: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future...". The broader paragraph discusses the movement of people across borders (Polish plumbers to France, immigrants in general).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `migration%1:04:00::` | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another.
    *   **Sense 2:** `migration%1:14:00::` | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period).
    *   **Sense 3:** `migration%1:11:01::` | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule.
    *   **Sense 4:** `migration%1:11:00::` | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding.

3.  **Evaluate Sense Fit:**
    *   *Sense 3:* Chemistry context? No. The text is about sociology, economics, and politics. Discard.
    *   *Sense 4:* Animal migration? No. The text explicitly talks about "Polish plumbers", "immigrants", and the "French economy". Discard.
    *   *Sense 2:* A group of people? The text mentions "migration flows", but the specific target instance in the book title ("How Migration Shaped Our World") refers to the *phenomenon* or *process* of movement, not a specific countable group (e.g., "a migration of 500 people"). The broader context discusses "immigration problem" and "impact of migration flows". While flows involve groups, the core concept being defined here is the abstract movement of people. Sense 2 usually implies a collective noun for a specific group (e.g., "the migration of the Pilgrims"). The context discusses migration as a general phenomenon shaping the world.
    *   *Sense 1:* The movement of persons from one country or locality to another. This fits perfectly. The text is about people moving from Poland to France, and generally, immigrants moving to host countries. The book title refers to the historical phenomenon of human migration. The paragraph discusses the economic impact of this movement.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is the mass noun/process definition.
    *   Sense 2 is the collective noun definition.
    *   The sentence "How Migration Shaped Our World" treats "Migration" as an abstract force or process, fitting Sense 1. The surrounding text discusses "immigration" (the process) and "migration flows". Sense 1 is the hypernym and the standard definition for the movement of people in this context.

5.  **Select Best Sense:** Sense 1.

6.  **Format Output:** The user requested a specific JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

    *   Wait, the user said "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." implying I should put the number I chose.
    *   The correct index is 1.

    Let's double check the indices provided in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: (human movement)
    2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: (group)
    3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: (chemistry)
    4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: (animal)

    The context is clearly about human movement (Polish plumbers, immigrants, economy). Therefore, index 1 is correct.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: Future
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma:** "future" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the Target Surface Form:** "Future" (capitalized, likely part of a book title in this specific context).
3.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "...(Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our **Future**, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)..."
    *   The book title is "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The phrase "Will Define Our Future" refers to what will happen to "us" (the world/society) in the time yet to come as a result of migration.
    *   It contrasts "Shaped Our World" (past/present) with "Define Our Future" (what is to come).
4.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `future%1:28:00::` | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come.
        *   Does this fit? Yes. The book title implies that migration will determine the destiny or nature of the time that is yet to come. It is a general reference to the future timeline.
    *   Sense 2: `future%1:10:00::` | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense.
        *   Does this fit? No. This is a grammatical term. The context is not discussing grammar.
    *   Sense 3: `future%1:06:00::` | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date.
        *   Does this fit? No. This refers to financial futures markets. The context is a book about migration and society.
5.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 matches the definition "the time yet to come".
    *   The phrase "Define Our Future" means shaping the destiny or events of the time that has not yet happened.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.
6.  **Format Output:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: specialist
Target surface form: specialists
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=specialist%1:18:00:: | definition=an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning | synonyms=specializer, specialiser
2. sense_key=specialist%1:18:01:: | definition=practices one branch of medicine | synonyms=medical specialist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "specialists" in the context: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

Let me analyze the context:
- The specialists mentioned are discussing the economic impact of migration flows
- They are referenced as "economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron"
- They are summarizing knowledge about immigration
- The topic is about economics, not medicine

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning" - This is a general sense of specialist, referring to experts in a particular field
2. "practices one branch of medicine" - This is specifically about medical specialists

The context clearly refers to economists and experts on immigration, not medical professionals. The specialists being referenced are experts in economics and migration studies, not medical doctors.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice - specialists as experts devoted to a particular branch of learning (economics/migration studies in this case).

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries..."
    *   Subject: "impact of migration flows".
    *   Object/Effect: "on economic growth, wages and employment".
    *   Sentiment: "positive".
    *   Domain: Economics, social science.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "the striking of one body against another". Physical collision. Not appropriate here.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a forceful consequence; a strong effect". Synonyms: "wallop". Examples: "the book had an important impact on my thinking". This refers to an abstract effect or influence. The context talks about the effect of migration on the economy. This fits well.
    *   **Sense 3:** "influencing strongly". Synonyms: "impingement, encroachment". Examples: "impingement of American values on European culture". This is similar to sense 2 but seems to carry a connotation of intrusion or encroachment (implied by the synonym "encroachment"). While migration can be viewed as encroachment in some contexts (as seen earlier in the text: "invasion..."), the specific phrase here is "positive impact... on economic growth". "Encroachment" is rarely "positive". The example "impingement" is slightly different from a general "effect". However, WordNet sense definitions can be tricky. Let's look closer.
        *   Sense 2 (impact%1:19:00) is often defined as "a strong effect".
        *   Sense 3 (impact%1:04:00) is defined as "influencing strongly". Synonyms include "impingement, encroachment".
        *   Let's check WordNet 3.1 or 3.0 distinctions.
        *   Sense 2 (noun.act? No, noun.event usually. 1:19 is noun.attribute? No, usually noun.act or noun.event).
        *   Let's look at the hierarchy or standard usage.
        *   Usage in context: "positive impact".
        *   "Encroachment" has a negative connotation. The context explicitly says "positive impact".
        *   Sense 2's example: "the book had an important impact". This is a standard, neutral-to-positive abstract usage.
    *   **Sense 4:** "the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat". Synonyms: "shock". Not appropriate here.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 2 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 2 definition: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect".
    *   Sense 3 definition: "influencing strongly" with synonyms "impingement, encroachment".
    *   Context: "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth".
    *   This is a causal/effect relationship. Migration affects the economy.
    *   The synonym "encroachment" in Sense 3 strongly suggests a specific type of impact (intrusion), often negative or invasive. The text discusses the "positive" aspect.
    *   Sense 2 allows for a general "strong effect" (forceful consequence). The example "impact on my thinking" parallels "impact on economic growth".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct general sense for "influence/effect".

    Let's double-check the mapping.
    *   WordNet 3.0/3.1:
        *   impact n 1: the striking of one body against another
        *   impact n 2: a forceful consequence; a strong effect; "the book had a major impact"; "the action produced a wallop" (Sense 2 in this prompt).
        *   impact n 3: influencing strongly; "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture" (Sense 3 in this prompt).

    The context describes the effect on economic growth. It is a standard "cause -> effect" scenario.
    "Positive impact" -> "Positive effect".
    Sense 2 fits "effect". Sense 3 fits "impingement/encroachment".
    "Encroachment" is specifically the act of intruding. "Impact" in the sense of "encroachment" doesn't fit "positive impact on growth".
    "Impact" in the sense of "strong effect" fits "positive impact on growth".

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the best choice.

4.  **Final check:**
    *   Context: "positive impact ... on economic growth".
    *   Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect". Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 1: Physical collision. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Combat. Incorrect.

    Result: Sense2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** migration
    *   **Target surface form:** migration
    *   **Context:** The text discusses the movement of people (specifically Polish plumbers, immigrants) from one country to another (France). It mentions "immigration problem," "impact of migration flows on economic growth," and "Restraining immigration." The key concept is people moving across borders.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `migration%1:04:00::` | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another. This fits perfectly. The context is entirely about human movement (Polish plumbers, immigrants).
    *   **Sense 2:** `migration%1:14:00::` | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period). While the context mentions "flows" and groups of people, the primary focus is on the *process* or *phenomenon* of movement rather than a specific count noun referring to a specific group as a unit (e.g., "a migration of settlers arrived"). The text talks about "migration flows" and the abstract concept of migration. Sense 1 is the general phenomenon/process. Sense 2 is a collective noun for a specific group. The context says "impact of migration flows". "Migration" here represents the abstract concept of movement. Sense 1 is a mass noun/concept, Sense 2 is a count noun (a migration). The context uses it as an abstract noun.
    *   **Sense 3:** `migration%1:11:01::` | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical... Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 4:** `migration%1:11:00::` | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals... Irrelevant (birds/fishes). Although metaphorically sometimes used, the context explicitly talks about humans, immigrants, and economies.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: "the movement of persons". This covers the general concept of immigration/migration discussed in the text.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people migrating together".
    *   The text says: "impact of *migration* flows". Here, "migration" acts as the modifier of "flows" or stands as the abstract concept. It refers to the general phenomenon of people moving. It is not referring to a specific instance of a group moving together in a specific time period (like "The Great Migration"). It is referring to the demographic process.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for the movement of people in the context of immigration.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit. It captures the human element (vs animals/chemistry) and the nature of the action/process (vs a specific group instance).

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The index corresponds to the numbered list provided.
    *   The chosen sense is #1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flow
Target surface form: flows
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flow%1:11:00:: | definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) | synonyms=flowing
2. sense_key=flow%1:28:00:: | definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time | synonyms=flow rate, rate of flow
3. sense_key=flow%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression | synonyms=stream
4. sense_key=flow%1:22:00:: | definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge
5. sense_key=flow%1:26:00:: | definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors
6. sense_key=flow%1:14:00:: | definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | synonyms=stream, current | examples=two streams of development run through American history; stream of consciousness
7. sense_key=flow%1:22:01:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses immigration.
    *   The target word is "flows" (plural noun), appearing in the phrase "migration flows".
    *   Sentence: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth..."
    *   Meaning: The word refers to the movement of people (immigrants) from one place to another. It's used metaphorically or quantitatively to describe groups of people moving continuously over time.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `flow%1:11:00::` - "the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)". Synonyms: flowing.
        *   *Critique:* This is the literal physical sense. Immigration is often metaphorically described using fluid dynamics terms (flows, waves, influx), but "migration flows" refers to the people or the movement of people, not just the physics of a liquid.

    *   **Sense 2:** `flow%1:28:00::` - "the amount of fluid that flows in a given time". Synonyms: flow rate, rate of flow.
        *   *Critique:* This relates to volume/rate. While "migration flows" implies a rate or number, this definition specifically mentions "fluid".

    *   **Sense 3:** `flow%1:04:00::` - "the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression". Synonyms: stream.
        *   *Critique:* This is a general definition of the action. It fits the idea of continuous movement.

    *   **Sense 4:** `flow%1:22:00::` - "any uninterrupted stream or discharge".
        *   *Critique:* A bit vague, but applicable.

    *   **Sense 5:** `flow%1:26:00::` - "something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously". Synonyms: stream. Examples: "a stream of people", "flow of visitors".
        *   *Critique:* This looks very promising. The definition specifically mentions "something that resembles a flowing stream" (abstracting away from fluids) and the examples include "a stream of people" and "flow of visitors". "Migration flows" refers to streams/movements of people. This sense captures the metaphorical extension of flow to people/entities.

    *   **Sense 6:** `flow%1:14:00::` - "dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas". Synonyms: stream, current. Examples: "streams of development", "stream of consciousness".
        *   *Critique:* This is usually used for abstract concepts like history, events, or ideas (stream of consciousness). Immigration involves people, not just abstract ideas or events.

    *   **Sense 7:** `flow%1:22:01::` - "the monthly discharge of blood...".
        *   *Critique:* Clearly incorrect context.

3.  **Evaluate the best fit:**
    *   The context is "migration flows".
    *   Sense 5 explicitly covers "something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously" and gives examples of people ("stream of people", "flow of visitors").
    *   Sense 3 ("act of flowing") is the action, but Sense 5 is the entity or phenomenon that resembles the stream. "Migration flows" refers to the stream of migrants.
    *   Sense 1 and 2 are too literal regarding fluids.
    *   Sense 6 is too abstract (ideas/events).
    *   Therefore, Sense 5 is the precise WordNet sense for a flow of people or entities.

4.  **Determine the index:**
    *   The list provided in the prompt has indices 1 through 7.
    *   Sense 5 is: `sense_key=flow%1:26:00:: | definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors`.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 3 vs Sense 5.
        *   Sense 3: "the act of flowing..."
        *   Sense 5: "something that resembles a flowing stream..."
        *   "Migration flows" acts as a noun phrase denoting the groups of people moving. It is a "something" (a stream of people). The example in Sense 5 ("flow of visitors") is semantically very close to "migration flows".

    *   Let's check Sense 2 again. "Amount of fluid". In demographics, "migration flow" often implies a rate or number. However, Sense 5 covers the "stream" aspect which includes the people themselves. Sense 5's examples ("stream of people") align perfectly with the context.

    *   The correct index is 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: employment
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word**: The target word is "employment" in the sentence: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restricting immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The text discusses immigration's impact on the economy.
    *   It lists economic indicators: "economic growth, wages and employment".
    *   It contrasts "burden" vs "positive impact".
    *   "Restricting immigration... harms employment."
    *   This context suggests "employment" refers to the general state of people having jobs or the availability of jobs in the economy. It is an aggregate economic metric here.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1 (employment%1:26:00::)**: "the state of being employed or having a job".
        *   Synonyms: employ.
        *   Examples: "they are looking for employment", "he was in the employ of the city".
        *   Analysis: This refers to the state or condition. In the context of "positive impact on... employment", this fits well as an economic metric (the state of the workforce). It represents the condition of having a job across the population.

    *   **Sense 2 (employment%1:04:00::)**: "the occupation for which you are paid".
        *   Synonyms: work.
        *   Examples: "he is looking for employment", "a lot of people are out of work".
        *   Analysis: This refers to the specific job or task (occupation) itself. While related, the context talks about the *impact* on employment levels/rates alongside growth and wages. It's not talking about specific occupations (like "plumbing employment"), but the phenomenon of having a job. However, looking closely at WordNet sense distinctions, Sense 1 (`1:26:00`) is often the state/condition, while Sense 2 (`1:04:00`) is often the specific work/task. Let's re-evaluate the definition.
        *   WordNet hierarchy: Sense 1 is in the "state" hierarchy (wn30 `state`). Sense 2 is in the "act" or "occupation" hierarchy (wn30 `work`, `occupation`).
        *   Context: "impact on... employment". Economists measure "employment" usually as the state of having a job (employment rate). If you say "employment went up", you mean the state of being employed increased for people.
        *   Does it mean "the occupation"? No. It's not saying immigration impacts *what* job you do, but *that* you have a job.
        *   Comparison between 1 and 2: Sense 1 is the state. Sense 2 is the occupation/work itself.
        *   Sentence: "positive impact on... employment". Does it impact the state of having a job? Yes. Does it impact the specific work tasks? No.
        *   Sentence: "harms employment". Does it harm the state of having a job (meaning fewer people have jobs)? Yes. Does it harm the work itself? Unlikely phrasing.
        *   *Correction/Refinement*: Let's look at the provided specific definitions and examples again.
            *   Sense 1: "state of being employed". Examples: "they are looking for employment". This fits "employment figures" or "employment levels".
            *   Sense 2: "the occupation for which you are paid". Examples: "he is looking for employment" (ambiguous example), "out of work". This sense seems to lean towards the specific job or the concept of "work".
            *   In the phrase "economic growth, wages and employment", "employment" stands as an economic variable. It signifies the extent to which people in the country are employed (the state).
            *   Therefore, Sense 1 ("the state of being employed") is the strongest fit for a macroeconomic context.

    *   **Sense 3 (employment%1:04:02::)**: "the act of giving someone a job".
        *   Synonyms: engagement.
        *   Analysis: "Hiring". "Harms hiring"? Possible, but "employment" usually refers to the stock of jobs held, not the act of hiring, especially when paired with "wages" and "growth". "Positive impact on employment" refers to the availability of jobs/state of being employed, not just the act of hiring.

    *   **Sense 4 (employment%1:04:01::)**: "the act of using".
        *   Synonyms: use, usage.
        *   Analysis: "Employment of resources"? No, here it's paired with wages. It's about labor.

4.  **Final Decision between Sense 1 and Sense 2**:
    *   The text discusses "employment" as a collective noun representing a condition of the economy.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "the state of being employed or having a job".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "the occupation for which you are paid".
    *   If I say "Immigration harms employment", I mean it reduces the number of people who have a job (the state). I do not mean it harms the occupation itself.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice. It captures the condition of the labor market.

5.  **Formatting Output**:
    *   Target sense_index: 1.

    Let's double check the indices provided in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: (state)
    2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: (occupation/work)
    3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: (hiring)
    4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: (use)

    The context is about the economic impact on the availability of jobs and the status of workers having jobs.
    "positive impact on migration flows on ... employment". This refers to the level of employment (people having jobs).
    Sense 1: "the state of being employed".
    This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
I need to disambiguate the word "countries" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target sentence is:
"there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants."

Here, "countries" refers to nations/states that accept immigrants. The context is talking about immigration policies and their economic impacts on the nations that receive immigrants.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - This refers to the political entity, the state as a governing body.
2. "the territory occupied by a nation" - This refers to the geographical land area.
3. "the people who live in a nation or country" - This refers to the population/citizenry.
4. "an area outside of cities and towns" - This refers to rural areas.
5. "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary" - This refers to a general area.

In the context "countries, which admit immigrants", we're talking about political entities (nation-states) that have immigration policies and admit immigrants. This is about countries as political entities that can make decisions about immigration.

This aligns best with sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" with synonyms like "state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic". The example "African nations" is also relevant here.

Sense 2 (the territory) is more about the geographical land area itself, not the political entity making immigration decisions.

Sense 3 refers to the people/population of a country, which is not what's being referred to here.

Sense 4 refers to rural areas, which is clearly not relevant.

Sense 5 refers to a general geographical region, which is too broad.

The context discusses countries as political entities with immigration policies, which matches sense 1 best. The phrase "countries, which admit immigrants" implies countries as political entities that can make policy decisions about admitting immigrants.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "immigration" and the surface form is "immigration".
2.  **Analyze the context:** The text discusses the political and economic implications of people moving into France.
    *   "Both sides see immigrants as a burden..."
    *   "...our immigration problem..."
    *   "...positive impact of migration flows..."
    *   "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth..."
    *   "Fears about the impact of immigrants..."
    *   The core topic is the process or phenomenon of people entering the country to settle, and the policies regarding this movement (restraining it, seeing it as a problem).
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)" | Synonyms: in-migration. This refers to the general process or act of immigrating.
    *   **Sense 2:** "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval" | Examples: "the increased immigration strengthened the colony". This refers to a specific group or collective noun denoting the people themselves or the quantity of people arriving within a timeframe.
4.  **Evaluate the fit of Sense 1:**
    *   Context phrases: "immigration problem", "impact of migration flows", "Restraining immigration".
    *   "Restraining immigration" refers to restraining the *process* or the *flow* of people moving into the country. It acts as an abstract noun describing the phenomenon.
    *   "Immigration problem" refers to the issues arising from the *process* of people entering and settling.
    *   This fits the definition "migration into a place... to settle there". It describes the action/process.
5.  **Evaluate the fit of Sense 2:**
    *   Context phrases: "immigration problem", "impact of migration flows", "Restraining immigration".
    *   Could "Restraining immigration" mean restraining the body of immigrants? Usually, we say "restraining the flow of immigration" or "restricting immigration" (the process). While Sense 2 implies a collective group, the text distinguishes between "immigrants" (the people) and "immigration" (the phenomenon).
    *   Example from text: "impact of migration flows on economic growth...". The text explicitly uses "migration flows" as a synonymous concept to the target "immigration".
    *   "Immigration being a burden": Is it the group of people (Sense 2) or the phenomenon (Sense 1)? Usually, "immigrants" are the burden (people), "immigration" is the policy issue/process. However, Sense 2 defines it as "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval". The text talks about "Restraining immigration". You restrain a process or a flow, not typically a "body" in the abstract sense without quantifying it (e.g., "the increased immigration").
    *   Let's look closely at Sense 2's example: "the increased immigration strengthened the colony". Here, "immigration" functions almost like a countable group or a specific influx.
    *   Let's look at the target context: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth". This is a policy context regarding the *phenomenon* of entering the country. It refers to the general concept of movement across borders.
    *   Sense 1 is the abstract noun for the act/process. Sense 2 is a collective noun for the specific influx/group.
    *   The text discusses "immigration problem", "knowledge of immigration", "restraining immigration". These usages align best with the *process* or *phenomenon* definition (Sense 1). For instance, "knowledge of immigration" refers to understanding the phenomenon. "Restraining immigration" refers to controlling the process.
    *   Furthermore, the text mentions "migration flows" in parallel. "Migration into a place" (Sense 1) matches "migration flows" better than "body of immigrants" (Sense 2).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "growth" in the context of economic growth. Let me analyze the context:

"Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

The context is clearly about economic growth - the increase in economic output, GDP, etc. The sentence is discussing how immigration restriction leads to weak ("anaemic") economic growth.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. Biological growth - organism development - NOT relevant
2. Progression from simpler to more complex forms - like cultural growth - NOT relevant
3. A process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important - synonyms include "increase, increment" - examples: "the increase in unemployment; the growth of population" - This could fit as economic growth is about becoming larger/more important
4. Vegetation that has grown - NOT relevant
5. Gradual beginning or coming forth - NOT relevant
6. Pathological tissue proliferation - NOT relevant
7. Something grown or growing - NOT relevant

Sense 3 is the best fit. Economic growth is about the economy becoming larger and more important. The synonyms "increase, increment" align with economic growth. While the examples mention unemployment increase and population growth, the definition itself "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" captures the essence of economic growth.

This is clearly sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: employment
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Task: Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD).
    *   Target lemma: employment.
    *   Target surface form: employment.
    *   Context: A text discussing immigration, economics, growth, wages, and employment in France. Specifically, it mentions "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>." and discusses the impact on "native workers".
    *   Candidate senses: 4 options provided with definitions, synonyms, and examples.
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence containing the target is: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>."
    *   The surrounding context talks about "positive impact ... on economic growth, wages and employment", "native workers", and "unskilled ones".
    *   The word "employment" here refers to the collective state of people having jobs within an economy. If employment is harmed, it means fewer people have jobs, or the job market is suffering.
    *   It functions as an abstract mass noun here representing the condition of the labor market (people having jobs).

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `employment%1:26:00::`
        *   Definition: "the state of being employed or having a job"
        *   Synonyms: `employ`
        *   Examples: "they are looking for employment", "he was in the employ of the city"
        *   Analysis: This refers to the state or condition. In the context of "harms employment", it means it harms the state of people having jobs. This fits the macroeconomic context. "Employment rates", "levels of employment". This is a state/condition sense.

    *   **Sense 2:** `employment%1:04:00::`
        *   Definition: "the occupation for which you are paid"
        *   Synonyms: `work`
        *   Examples: "he is looking for employment", "a lot of people are out of work"
        *   Analysis: This usually refers to a specific job or line of work ("What is your employment?"). However, the example "a lot of people are out of work" suggests it can cover the general concept too. But "occupation" usually implies a count noun or specific type of work. In the phrase "harms employment", we are talking about the *availability* of jobs or the *rate* of employment, not a specific occupation.

    *   **Sense 3:** `employment%1:04:02::`
        *   Definition: "the act of giving someone a job"
        *   Synonyms: `engagement`
        *   Analysis: This refers to the act of hiring. "Harms the act of giving someone a job" doesn't fit as well as "harms the state of having jobs". While restrictive policies might reduce hiring, "employment" usually refers to the resulting state in economic discussions.

    *   **Sense 4:** `employment%1:04:01::`
        *   Definition: "the act of using"
        *   Synonyms: `use, usage...`
        *   Analysis: "employment of resources". Clearly not the meaning here.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1: State of being employed.
    *   Sense 2: Occupation/Work.
    *   Context: "harms employment".
    *   In economics, "employment" is defined as the state of having a job (vs unemployment). "Employment" as a specific "occupation" (e.g., "His employment is that of a teacher") is a different nuance.
    *   The text contrasts employment with "anaemic growth" and "wages". These are economic indicators. "Employment" as an economic indicator refers to the state of people having jobs (Sense 1). It refers to the phenomenon of people working, rather than a specific trade or profession (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 1's definition "the state of being employed or having a job" matches the economic usage where employment is a variable dependent on growth.
    *   Let's check the examples again.
        *   Sense 1 ex: "they are looking for employment". (state/status).
        *   Sense 2 ex: "he is looking for employment" (ambiguous between state and specific work), "a lot of people are out of work" (state).
    *   WordNet distinctions can be subtle.
    *   Sense 1 is under `noun.state` (01:26).
    *   Sense 2 is under `noun.act` (01:04) but defined as "occupation". "Occupation" is usually a specific type. However, the synonym `work` suggests a broader meaning.
    *   Let's look at the specific context sentence again: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>."
    *   Does it harm the *state* of having jobs (unemployment rises)? Yes.
    *   Does it harm the *occupation*? No, it doesn't make the occupation itself bad; it reduces the existence of the state.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (state) is the best fit for the abstract economic concept.

5.  **Double Check WordNet hierarchy:**
    *   Sense 1: `employment%1:26:00::` -> `noun.state`. Definition: "the state of being employed or having a job".
    *   Sense 2: `employment%1:04:00::` -> `noun.act`. Definition: "the occupation for which you are paid".
    *   "Employment" in the context of "growth and wages" is a state/metric.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.