[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about <t>once</t> every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "once" in the context: "an eye cancer that occurs about <t>once</t> every 20,000 births."

Let me analyze the meaning in context:
- The sentence is describing the frequency of occurrence of retinoblastoma, an eye cancer
- "occurs about once every 20,000 births" means the cancer happens one time per 20,000 births
- This is about frequency/rate of occurrence - one time per 20,000 instances

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
- This means "one time" or "on one occasion"
- The example "once I ran into her" shows a single occurrence
- This fits well with "occurs about once every 20,000 births" = one time every 20,000 births

2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
- This is a temporal conjunction meaning "as soon as" or "from the moment when"
- Example: "once we are home" = "as soon as we are home"
- This doesn't fit the context at all

3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing
- This means "formerly" or "in the past"
- This doesn't fit the context

The correct sense is clearly sense 1. The phrase "once every 20,000 births" expresses frequency - one occurrence per 20,000 births, which aligns with "on one occasion" / "one time".


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: birth
Target surface form: births
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 <t>births</t>. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=birth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time when something begins (especially life) | examples=they divorced after the birth of the child; his election signaled the birth of a new age
2. sense_key=birth%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of being born | synonyms=nativity, nascency, nascence | examples=they celebrated the birth of their first child
3. sense_key=birth%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of giving birth | synonyms=parturition, giving birth, birthing
4. sense_key=birth%1:24:00:: | definition=the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents | synonyms=parentage
5. sense_key=birth%1:18:00:: | definition=a baby born; an offspring | examples=the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "births" in this passage.

The context is about retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. This is describing the incidence rate of the disease in terms of how frequently it occurs relative to the number of babies born.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=birth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time when something begins (especially life)
This sense refers to the timing or moment of birth, not to the event itself or to the individual born.

2. sense_key=birth%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of being born
This refers to the event of birth happening.

3. sense_key=birth%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of giving birth
This refers to the process from the mother's perspective.

4. sense_key=birth%1:24:00:: | definition=the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents
This refers to the familial relationship aspect.

5. sense_key=birth%1:18:00:: | definition=a baby born; an offspring
This refers to the individual born, with the example "the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births" being remarkably similar to our context.

In the sentence "retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births", the word "births" is being used to count the number of babies born, not the events or processes of birth. This is about the frequency of cancer among newborns/babies.

The example given in sense 5 is almost identical in structure: "the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births"

This clearly indicates that sense 5 is the correct match for this context.

The answer is sense_index: 5.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knew
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, <t>knew</t> he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: know
    *   Target surface form: knew
    *   Context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, <t>knew</t> he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information. (Synonyms: cognize, cognise). Examples: "I know that the President lied..."
    *   Sense 2: know how to do or perform something.
    *   Sense 3: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. Examples: "I know that I left the key on the table..."
    *   Sense 4: be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object.
    *   Sense 5: have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations. (Synonyms: experience, live).
    *   Sense 6: accept (someone) to be what is claimed...
    *   Sense 7: have fixed in the mind (e.g., memorized facts).
    *   Sense 8: sexual intercourse.
    *   Sense 9: know the nature or character of.
    *   Sense 10: distinguish.
    *   Sense 11: perceive as familiar.

3.  **Evaluate the context against the senses**:
    *   The sentence is: "Mr. Quinlan ... <t>knew</t> he carried a damaged gene..."
    *   Mr. Quinlan possesses information about a specific fact: that he carries a damaged gene.
    *   This fits the structure "know [that-clause]".

    *   *Sense 1 vs Sense 3*: These are often the closest candidates for "know + that-clause".
        *   Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about". This is the general definition of propositional knowledge (knowing *that* something is the case). Mr. Quinlan is aware of a medical fact about himself.
        *   Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt". This often implies a stronger conviction or certainty about a truth, perhaps one that isn't just a piece of acquired information but a fundamental belief or deduction. The examples "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun" or "I know that I left the key on the table" show certainty about a specific event or scientific fact.
        *   Let's look closely at the nuance. In Sense 1, the focus is on possessing information ("The President lied", "who is winning"). In Sense 3, the focus is on the *truth* or *certainty* of a proposition, often contrasting with belief or doubt ("regard as true beyond any doubt").
        *   Mr. Quinlan "knew he carried a damaged gene". How did he know? "having lost an eye to the rare tumor...". He had empirical evidence. He possessed this specific piece of information.
        *   Let's compare examples. "I know that the President lied" (Sense 1) is very similar to "Mr. Quinlan knew he carried a damaged gene". It is a fact he is aware of.
        *   Sense 3 examples: "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun" (scientific truth/fighting dogma), "I know that I left the key on the table" (certainty about a past action/memory).
        *   Usually, Sense 1 (know%2:31:01::) is the standard dictionary definition for propositional knowledge (knowledge-that). Sense 3 is sometimes used when the emphasis is on the *truth* value or conviction, or "finding out".
        *   Let's check the WordNet hierarchy/definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: "possess knowledge or information about". This fits perfectly. He possesses the information that he has the gene.
        *   Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something". While he is aware of the truth, Sense 1 is the broader, standard category for "knowing a fact". "He carried a damaged gene" is a specific piece of information/fact.
        *   Often, Sense 1 covers "I know X" (where X is a fact). Sense 3 seems to overlap heavily but adds the nuance of "regard as true beyond any doubt".
        *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people." This is a fact. Mr. Quinlan knows a fact about his genetics.
        *   Let's look at Sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table." (Certainty about memory).
        *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1, `know%2:31:01` is "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information...". This is the most generic and appropriate fit for knowing a medical fact about oneself based on evidence (losing an eye).
        *   Sense 3 (`know%2:31:02` - note: the numbering in the prompt might be specific to the version, usually 2:31:01 vs 2:31:02. In the prompt, Sense 3 is `know%2:31:02::`). Wait, let me re-read the prompt numbering.
        *   Prompt Sense 1: `know%2:31:01::` (cognizant/aware of fact).
        *   Prompt Sense 3: `know%2:31:02::` (aware of truth/regard as true).

    *   Which is better?
        *   The sentence says "he knew he carried a damaged gene". This is a "fact or a specific piece of information".
        *   Does it imply "regard as true beyond any doubt"? He had lost an eye, so he was certain. However, the primary meaning in standard WSD datasets (like Senseval/SEMCOR) for "know + that-clause" representing possession of factual information is Sense 1 (`know%2:31:01::`).
        *   Sense 3 often applies to contexts where the truth is emphasized or where there is a background of potential doubt, or "intimate" knowledge of a truth. But Sense 1 is the "catch-all" for factual knowledge.
        *   Let's consider the difference between "I know Paris is in France" (Sense 1) vs "I know I left the keys here" (Sense 3 - maybe?). Actually, usually both map to Sense 1 in many annotation schemes if it's just possession of knowledge.
        *   However, let's look at the definition of Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something". The distinction is subtle.
        *   Let's look at the "Synonyms" for Sense 1: cognize, cognise. This fits the cognitive state of holding a proposition to be true.
        *   Let's try to find a reason to prefer Sense 3. Sense 3 includes "have a belief or faith in something". Mr. Quinlan isn't having faith; he has medical history.
        *   Sense 1 definition: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information". "He carries a damaged gene" is a specific piece of information.
        *   Conclusion: Sense 1 is the standard, correct choice for knowing a fact/information.

    *   Let's check Sense 5: "have firsthand knowledge of...". He *has* firsthand knowledge of the tumor (he lost an eye), but the target verb governs the clause "he carried a damaged gene". He knows *that* he has the gene. Sense 5 is usually "to know hunger", "to know poverty", "to know the feeling". It doesn't take a clausal complement in the same way usually. You don't say "I knew hunger that I was poor". You say "I know hunger". Here the syntax is "knew [that] he carried...". Sense 5 doesn't fit the syntax well.

    *   Let's check Sense 9: "know the nature or character of". "We all knew her as a big show-off". Syntax: know [object] as [complement]. Not the case here.

    *   So it's definitely between Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: aware of a fact.
    *   Sense 3: aware of the truth of something.
    *   In WordNet, `know%2:31:01::` is the hypernym for the state of knowing. `know%2:31:02::` (Sense 3 here) is often defined specifically regarding truth/certainty.
    *   However, usually "knowing a fact" maps to Sense 1. The example "I know that the President lied" (Sense 1) is structurally identical to "Mr. Quinlan knew that he carried...".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Double check the mapping in the prompt list provided.
    *   Sense 1 key: `know%2:31:01::`. Definition: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information..."
    *   This matches the context perfectly. He is aware of the specific information that he has the gene.

    *   Why not Sense 3? Sense 3 emphasizes "regard as true beyond any doubt". While he is certain, the act of knowing here is the possession of the knowledge derived from his medical history. It's information possession. Sense 1 is the most direct mapping for "knowing a fact".

    *   Let's confirm the Sense 1 vs Sense 3 distinction in WordNet.
        *   WN 3.0:
            *   01757138-v: know (be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about). (Sense 1 in prompt).
            *   01757347-v: know (be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt). (Sense 3 in prompt).
        *   The "fact" definition (Sense 1) is the primary sense for declarative knowledge.
        *   Example "I know that the President lied" is under Sense 1.
        *   Example "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun" is under Sense 3.
        *   What is the difference? "The President lied" is a specific fact/event. "Earth moves around the sun" is a fundamental truth/law.
        *   "He carried a damaged gene" is a specific fact about his biology. It aligns better with "The President lied" (a specific fact) than with the scientific truth/fundamental truth nuance often associated with the Galileo example (though one could argue either way, Sense 1 is the default for factual information).
        *   Furthermore, the definition of Sense 1 includes "possess knowledge or information about". This covers the informational aspect of genetic testing/history mentioned in the broader context.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the robust choice.

    *   Decision: Sense 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carry
Target surface form: carried
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he <t>carried</t> a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carry%2:35:02:: | definition=move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body | synonyms=transport | examples=You must carry your camping gear; carry the suitcases to the car
2. sense_key=carry%2:42:01:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=pack, take | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
3. sense_key=carry%2:38:03:: | definition=transmit or serve as the medium for transmission | synonyms=impart, conduct, transmit, convey, channel | examples=Sound carries well over water; The airwaves carry the sound
4. sense_key=carry%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a means for expressing something | synonyms=convey, express | examples=The painting of Mary carries motherly love; His voice carried a lot of anger
5. sense_key=carry%2:35:09:: | definition=bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of | examples=His efforts carried the entire project; How many credits is this student carrying?
6. sense_key=carry%2:35:01:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=hold, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
7. sense_key=carry%2:42:03:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
8. sense_key=carry%2:41:00:: | definition=extend to a certain degree | examples=carry too far; She carries her ideas to the extreme
9. sense_key=carry%2:30:05:: | definition=continue or extend | synonyms=extend | examples=The civil war carried into the neighboring province; The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces
10. sense_key=carry%2:42:02:: | definition=be necessarily associated with or result in or involve | examples=This crime carries a penalty of five years in prison
11. sense_key=carry%2:33:01:: | definition=win in an election | examples=The senator carried his home state
12. sense_key=carry%2:31:12:: | definition=include, as on a list | examples=How many people are carried on the payroll?
13. sense_key=carry%2:41:01:: | definition=behave in a certain manner | synonyms=behave, acquit, bear, deport, conduct, comport | examples=She carried herself well; he bore himself with dignity
14. sense_key=carry%2:40:00:: | definition=have on hand | synonyms=stock, stockpile | examples=Do you carry kerosene heaters?
15. sense_key=carry%2:36:00:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=run | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
16. sense_key=carry%2:35:08:: | definition=propel, | synonyms=dribble | examples=Carry the ball; dribble the ball
17. sense_key=carry%2:32:07:: | definition=pass on a communication | examples=The news was carried to every village in the province
18. sense_key=carry%2:42:13:: | definition=have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence | examples=This new washer carries a two year guarantee; The loan carries a high interest rate
19. sense_key=carry%2:42:15:: | definition=be conveyed over a certain distance | examples=Her voice carries very well in this big opera house
20. sense_key=carry%2:42:14:: | definition=keep up with financial support | examples=The Federal Government carried the province for many years
21. sense_key=carry%2:42:12:: | definition=have or possess something abstract | examples=I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave
22. sense_key=carry%2:42:08:: | definition=be equipped with (a mast or sail) | examples=This boat can only carry a small sail
23. sense_key=carry%2:41:02:: | definition=win approval or support for | synonyms=persuade, sway | examples=Carry all before one; His speech did not sway the voters
24. sense_key=carry%2:41:06:: | definition=compensate for a weaker partner or member by one's own performance | examples=I resent having to carry her all the time
25. sense_key=carry%2:41:12:: | definition=take further or advance | examples=carry a cause
26. sense_key=carry%2:40:10:: | definition=have on the surface or on the skin | examples=carry scars
27. sense_key=carry%2:40:04:: | definition=capture after a fight | examples=The troops carried the town after a brief fight
28. sense_key=carry%2:40:13:: | definition=transfer (entries) from one account book to another | synonyms=post
29. sense_key=carry%2:38:10:: | definition=transfer (a number, cipher, or remainder) to the next column or unit's place before or after, in addition or multiplication | examples=put down 5 and carry 2
30. sense_key=carry%2:38:07:: | definition=pursue a line of scent or be a bearer | examples=the dog was taught to fetch and carry
31. sense_key=carry%2:36:08:: | definition=bear (a crop) | examples=this land does not carry olives
32. sense_key=carry%2:35:12:: | definition=propel or give impetus to | examples=The sudden gust of air propelled the ball to the other side of the fence
33. sense_key=carry%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=hold | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
34. sense_key=carry%2:34:01:: | definition=be able to feed | examples=This land will carry ten cows to the acre
35. sense_key=carry%2:33:04:: | definition=have a certain range | examples=This rifle carries for 3,000 feet
36. sense_key=carry%2:33:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance or advance beyond | examples=The drive carried to the green
37. sense_key=carry%2:33:02:: | definition=secure the passage or adoption (of bills and motions) | examples=The motion carried easily
38. sense_key=carry%2:33:12:: | definition=be successful in | examples=She lost the game but carried the match
39. sense_key=carry%2:32:00:: | definition=sing or play against other voices or parts | examples=He cannot carry a tune
40. sense_key=carry%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, gestate, expect | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "carried" in the context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."

The context is about a person having a defective gene within their body/DNA. This is about possessing or having a genetic trait.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body" - physical transportation, not applicable
2. "have with oneself; have on one's person" - this could work for carrying something physical like an umbrella or money on your person
3. "transmit or serve as the medium for transmission" - this is about transmitting something, like sound or disease
4. "serve as a means for expressing something" - about expressing emotions, not applicable
5. "bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of" - not applicable
6. "support or hold in a certain manner" - about posture, not applicable
7. "contain or hold; have within" - "The jar carries wine" - this is about containing something
8. "extend to a certain degree" - not applicable
9. "continue or extend" - not applicable
10. "be necessarily associated with or result in or involve" - about consequences, not quite
11. "win in an election" - not applicable
12. "include, as on a list" - not applicable
13. "behave in a certain manner" - not applicable
14. "have on hand" - about stocking items, not applicable
15. "include as the content; broadcast or publicize" - not applicable
16-40: Various other senses

Let me look more carefully:

Sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person" - examples like "She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money" - This is about having something on your person physically.

Sense 7: "contain or hold; have within" - examples "The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water" - This is about containing something within.

Sense 21: "have or possess something abstract" - examples "I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave" - This is about possessing something abstract, typically mental or metaphorical.

Sense 40: "be pregnant with" - not applicable here

In this context, Mr. Quinlan "carried" a damaged gene. This means he had the gene within his body/DNA. It's not really abstract (it's a physical gene), but it's also not "on his person" in the sense of carrying an umbrella.

Looking at sense 3: "transmit or serve as the medium for transmission" - examples "Sound carries well over water; The airwaves carry the sound" - This could potentially apply to carrying/transmitting a gene, but the context suggests he HAD the gene, not that he was transmitting it.

Actually, in medical contexts, "carry a gene" typically means to have a gene (especially a defective one) in one's genetic makeup. This is most similar to sense 2 "have with oneself; have on one's person" but the examples there are about physical objects like umbrellas and money.

Sense 7 "contain or hold; have within" - The examples are "The jar carries wine" - about containers. A person carrying a gene could be seen as a container holding something within their DNA.

Sense 21 "have or possess something abstract" - The examples are about carrying an image in one's mind or carrying a secret. A gene could be seen as abstract in some sense, but it's actually a physical thing.

I think the best fit is either sense 2 or sense 7. Let me consider more carefully:

Sense 2 is "have with oneself; have on one's person" with synonyms "pack, take" - this is about carrying things on your person, like in a pocket or bag.

Sense 7 is "contain or hold; have within" with synonyms "hold, bear, contain" - this is about having something within, like a container.

When someone "carries a gene," they have it within their genetic makeup. This seems more like "containing" it (sense 7) than having it "on their person" (sense 2).

Actually, let me reconsider. In medical terminology, "carry a gene" or "be a carrier" is a specific concept meaning to have a gene (often a defective one) that can be passed to offspring. This doesn't perfectly match any of the examples, but it seems closest to:

- Sense 2: having something with oneself
- Sense 7: containing/holding something within
- Sense 3: serving as a medium for transmission (since carriers can transmit genes)

The context says "knew he carried a damaged gene" - this emphasizes possession, not transmission. He had the gene in his genetic makeup.

I think sense 21 "have or possess something abstract" might be the closest, since a gene, when discussed as something one "carries," is being treated as a somewhat abstract genetic entity rather than a physical object like wine in a jar.

Actually, wait. Let me look at sense 26: "have on the surface or on the skin" with example "carry scars" - this is about having physical marks/features on one's body. A gene is internal, so this doesn't quite fit.

And sense 21: "have or possess something abstract" - the examples are mental things ("image in my mind's eye", "secret"). A gene is physical, not abstract in that sense.

Hmm, I'm not finding a perfect match. Let me reconsider:

When we say someone "carries a gene," what do we mean?
1. They possess the gene in their DNA
2. They have it within their body
3. They can potentially transmit it

The most straightforward interpretation is that they HAVE the gene. Looking at the senses again:

Sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person" - This captures the "have with oneself" aspect. The examples are physical objects, but the definition itself "have with oneself" could apply to having a gene.

Sense 7: "contain or hold; have within" - This captures the "have within" aspect. A person's body contains their genes.

I think sense 2 is slightly better because:
1. "have with oneself" is a good match for "carrying a gene"
2. The synonyms "pack, take" suggest bringing something with you, which aligns with the idea of having a genetic trait that goes with you

But actually, thinking about it more, sense 21 "have or possess something abstract" might be even better. The examples are "I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave" - these are about possessing something intangible. A gene, in the context of "carrying a gene for a disease," is somewhat abstract - it's not the physical DNA molecule we're emphasizing, but the genetic information/predisposition.

Actually no, sense 21's examples are specifically about mental possessions (images in mind, secrets). Carrying a gene is not a mental possession.

Let me reconsider sense 7: "contain or hold; have within" - A person's body contains their genetic material. This seems like a reasonable fit, though the examples (jar with wine, canteen with water) are about vessels.

And sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person" - The "have with oneself" part fits well. The "on one's person" might not perfectly match (genes aren't on you, they're in you), but "have with oneself" captures the idea.

I'm going to go with sense 2 because the definition "have with oneself; have on one's person" - particularly "have with oneself" - matches the idea of someone carrying a gene in their genetic makeup.

Wait, let me reconsider one more time. Sense 3 says "transmit or serve as the medium for transmission" with examples about sound and airwaves. In genetics, a "carrier" IS someone who can transmit a gene to offspring. However, the context here says "knew he carried a damaged gene" - this is about him having/possessing the gene, not actively transmitting it.

So I'll stick with sense 2 as the best match: "have with oneself; have on one's person"

Actually, let me reconsider sense 7 one more time: "contain or hold; have within" with synonyms "hold, bear, contain" and examples "The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water"

This is about containers holding substances. A human body is like a container that holds genetic information. This might actually be a better fit than sense 2, because:
1. Genes are within the body, not "on" the person
2. The body "contains" genetic material

However, sense 2's "have with oneself" also works well for the general notion of carrying something that goes with you.

I think both sense 2 and sense 7 are plausible, but I'll go with sense 2 because:
1. "have with oneself" is a very natural way to describe carrying a gene
2. The concept of carrying a gene as part of one's makeup is similar to carrying money or an umbrella - it's something you have with you
3. Sense 7's examples are inanimate containers (jar, canteen), while sense 2's examples are about people carrying things

Hmm, but sense 21's "have or possess something abstract" - I initially dismissed this because the examples are mental, but looking again at the definition, it says "have or possess something abstract." A gene, in the context of "carrying a gene," could be considered abstract (it's genetic information, a predisposition, not just the physical DNA).

Let me look at all the options one more time:

Sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person" - about physical things on one's person
Sense 7: "contain or hold; have within" - about containers holding things
Sense 21: "have or possess something abstract" - about possessing abstract things

A gene is:
- Physical (DNA molecule)
- But when we "carry a gene," we're usually referring to the genetic information/predisposition, which is somewhat abstract
- It's within our body, not "on" us
- It's something we possess

I think sense 21 might actually be the best fit because:
1. Carrying a gene is about possessing genetic information (somewhat abstract)
2. The definition doesn't specify that it must be mental - the examples happen to be mental, but the definition is broader
3. "Have or possess" captures the essence of what it means to carry a gene

Actually, looking at sense 21 again, the examples are:
- "I carry her image in my mind's eye"
- "I will carry the secret to my grave"

These are clearly mental possessions. Carrying a gene is not a mental possession - it's a physical/genetic reality.

So I'll go back to sense 2 or sense 7.

Sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person"
- Pro: "have with oneself" matches carrying a gene
- Con: examples are physical objects on one's person

Sense 7: "contain or hold; have within"
- Pro: "have within" matches carrying a gene (genes are within the body)
- Con: examples are inanimate containers

I think sense 2 is slightly better because:
1. People can carry genes, just as they can carry money or umbrellas
2. "Have with oneself" is a good match for the general concept
3. The examples being physical objects doesn't disqualify it - a gene IS physical, just on a microscopic level within the body

Let me also consider if there's any other sense that might work better...

Sense 40: "be pregnant with" - not applicable, not about pregnancy

I don't see any other better matches.

I'll go with sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person"

Actually, wait. Let me reconsider sense 21 one more time. The definition says "have or possess something abstract." The examples are mental possessions, but is a gene "abstract"?

In some contexts, a gene can be considered abstract - it's a unit of heredity, information passed down. But physically, it's DNA molecules.

I think the key question is: when we say "he carried a damaged gene," are we talking about:
a) Possessing physical genetic material (more like sense 2 or 7)
b) Possessing abstract genetic information (more like sense 21)

I think it's more (a) - we're talking about having a physical genetic condition. So sense 2 or 7 would be more appropriate.

Between sense 2 and sense 7:
- Sense 2: "have with oneself" - implies accompaniment, something that goes with you
- Sense 7: "have within" - implies containment

I think "carrying a gene" is more about having it as part of your genetic makeup that goes with you (sense 2) rather than your body being a container that holds it (sense 7).

So I'll go with sense 2.

Final answer: sense 2 (sense_key=carry%2:42:01::)

Wait, I need to check the sense index format. The instructions say to return {"sense_index": 3} format. So I need to identify which numbered sense is the best match.

Looking at the numbered senses:
1. carry%2:35:02:: - move while supporting
2. carry%2:42:01:: - have with oneself; have on one's person
...
7. carry%2:42:03:: - contain or hold; have within
...
21. carry%2:42:12:: - have or possess something abstract

So if I'm choosing sense 2 (carry%2:42:01::), I would return {"sense_index": 2}

Hmm wait, let me reconsider sense 21. The definition says "have or possess something abstract" with examples about mental possessions. But could "carrying a gene" fit under "something abstract"?

A gene as a unit of heredity or genetic information could be considered abstract. The examples given are mental possessions (image in mind, secret), but that doesn't mean the definition is limited to mental things.

Let me think about this more carefully. In common usage, when we say someone "carries a gene," we're talking about:
1. Having a genetic variant in their DNA
2. Being a carrier who can pass it on
3. Having a genetic predisposition

This is more about possession than about the physical location (within vs. on the person).

Sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person" - emphasizes physical presence on/with the person
Sense 7: "contain or hold; have within" - emphasizes containment within
Sense 21: "have or possess something abstract" - emphasizes abstract possession

I think sense 2 is still the best fit because:
1. "Have with oneself" captures the idea of possessing a genetic trait that goes with you
2. Genes are physical entities, not truly abstract in the philosophical sense
3. The examples for sense 21 are clearly mental possessions, which doesn't fit carrying a gene

So my final answer is sense_index: 2

Actually, let me reconsider one more time. The sentence says "knew he carried a damaged gene." This is about him knowing he has a defective gene in his genetic makeup. This is not about physically carrying something around, but about possessing a genetic condition.

Hmm, but the gene IS physical (DNA), so it's not purely abstract.

I'm going to stick with sense 2 because:
1. "Have with oneself" is a good match for "carrying a gene"
2. The gene is a physical entity (even if microscopic)
3. The alternatives (sense 7 with inanimate containers, sense 21 with mental possessions) have less fitting examples

{"sense_index": 2}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a <t>damaged</t> gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a damaged gene - specifically a tumor-suppressor gene thatdamaged gene" that causes retinoblastoma (an eye cancer).

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. "harmed or injured or spoiled" - examples: "I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings"
2. "being unjustly brought into disrepute" - synonyms: discredited - examples: "a discredited politician; her damaged reputation"

The context clearly refers to a physical/biological gene that is defective or impaired - not functioning properly. This aligns with sense 1, which describes something that is harmed, injured, or spoiled physically. The gene has been physically damaged (presumably through some mutation or other biological process), causing it to not function properly in suppressing tumors.

Sense 2 refers to reputation or social standing - things being "discredited" or brought into "disrepute." This doesn't apply to a physical gene.

The answer is clearly sense 1.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lose
Target surface form: lost
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having <t>lost</t> an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lose%2:40:02:: | definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. sense_key=lose%2:33:00:: | definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. sense_key=lose%2:37:00:: | definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war; The couple that wanted to adopt the child lost her when the biological parents claimed her
4. sense_key=lose%2:35:00:: | definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | synonyms=misplace, mislay | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. sense_key=lose%2:40:01:: | definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. sense_key=lose%2:39:00:: | definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. sense_key=lose%2:40:06:: | definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | synonyms=turn a loss | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!; The company turned a loss after the first year
8. sense_key=lose%2:40:00:: | definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. sense_key=lose%2:33:01:: | definition=retreat | synonyms=fall back, drop off, fall behind, recede
10. sense_key=lose%2:39:01:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=miss | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
11. sense_key=lose%2:30:03:: | definition=be set at a disadvantage | synonyms=suffer | examples=This author really suffers in translation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `lose`
    *   Target surface form: `lost`
    *   Context snippet: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old..."
    *   Sentence meaning: Mr. Quinlan had an eye removed or rendered non-functional due to a tumor. He no longer possesses that eye.

2.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1:* `lose%2:40:02::` - "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". Example: "She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat".
        *   Analysis: This is a very general sense of "ceasing to have" something. Losing a body part (an eye) fits "cease to have, either physically". However, usually specific types of loss (like body parts through death or surgery) might have a more specific mapping if available, or this general sense covers it. Let's look at others.

    *   *Sense 2:* `lose%2:33:00::` - "fail to win".
        *   Analysis: Not relevant. This isn't a competition.

    *   *Sense 3:* `lose%2:37:00::` - "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal". Example: "She lost her husband in the war".
        *   Analysis: This definition specifies "a person". The object here is "an eye" (a body part), not a person. While the sentiment is similar (loss through removal/death), the definition is restricted to persons.

    *   *Sense 4:* `lose%2:35:00::` - "place (something) where one cannot find it again". Synonyms: misplace, mislay.
        *   Analysis: He didn't misplace his eye. It was taken by a tumor.

    *   *Sense 5:* `lose%2:40:01::` - "miss from one's possessions; lose sight of". Example: "I've lost my glasses again!".
        *   Analysis: "Miss from one's possessions" usually implies objects, often temporarily or through misplacement, but the example suggests misplacement. The "lose sight of" part is irrelevant. Losing a body part is not typically framed as a possession in the same way as glasses, but it is a possession in a biological sense.

    *   *Sense 6:* `lose%2:39:00::` - "allow to go out of sight".
        *   Analysis: Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 7:* `lose%2:40:06::` - "fail to make money in a business".
        *   Analysis: Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 8:* `lose%2:40:00::` - "fail to get or obtain". Example: "I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad".
        *   Analysis: Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 9:* `lose%2:33:01::` - "retreat".
        *   Analysis: Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 10:* `lose%2:39:01::` - "fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind".
        *   Analysis: Not relevant.

    *   *Sense 11:* `lose%2:30:03::` - "be set at a disadvantage".
        *   Analysis: Not relevant.

3.  **Re-evaluating Sense 1 vs Sense 3 vs Sense 5:**
    *   The core meaning is "ceasing to have" a body part due to a disease/tumor.
    *   Sense 3 restricts the object to a *person*. The object here is an *eye*. So Sense 3 is ruled out.
    *   Sense 4 and 5 imply misplacement or objects.
    *   Sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". This is the broad definition of losing something physically. Losing a body part fits "cease to have ... physically".
    *   Is there a better fit? Let's check WordNet hierarchy or similar examples in corpora.
    *   Often, WordNet distinguishes between losing a person (death/removal) and losing objects.
    *   Sense 1 (`lose%2:40:02::`) is the most general "cease to have" sense.
    *   Let's look closer at the wording "lost an eye to the rare tumor". This implies the tumor took it, destroyed it, or necessitated its removal.
    *   Is there a specific sense for body parts? WordNet doesn't seem to offer one in this list.
    *   Let's check Sense 5 again: "miss from one's possessions". While an eye is a possession biologically, the example "I've lost my glasses again" strongly suggests misplacement or loss of an owned object. Losing a body part is more intrinsic.
    *   Let's check Sense 1 again. The example is "She lost her purse". This implies she ceased to have it physically.
    *   Does "losing an eye" fit "cease to have, either physically"? Yes.
    *   Is there a sense for "suffer the loss of"? Sense 3 is "suffer the loss of a *person*".
    *   In many WSD tasks, the general "cease to have" sense covers body parts unless there is a specific "death" sense that is generalized. But here Sense 3 specifies "person".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the only candidate that semantically covers "ceasing to have a physical entity" without restricting it to "misplacement" (Sense 4) or "persons" (Sense 3).

    *   Wait, let's look at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 entries for `lose`.
        *   `lose%2:40:02::` (WN 3.0): "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". Direct hypernym: `disinherit` (change of possession)? No, checking online WordNet interface...
        *   Actually, usually `lose` (body part) maps to the same sense as `lose` (limb) or `lose` (hair).
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 5. Sense 5 `lose%2:40:01::` "miss from one's possessions". Often this is used for "I lost my keys".
        *   Sense 1 is the general physical loss. Losing an eye is a physical loss, ceasing to have it.
        *   Let's consider if there's a nuance of "have removed". He "lost an eye to the tumor". The tumor caused the loss. It's not that he misplaced it. It's not that he lost a game. It's not that he lost a person.
        *   So Sense 1 seems the best fit among the options provided.

    *   Let's verify if Sense 3 is strictly persons. The definition says "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal". Examples: "She lost her husband...", "The couple... lost her [child]...". Yes, the examples explicitly feature humans. The target text has "lost an eye". An eye is not a person.
    *   Sense 1 allows for "physically" ceasing to have something. An eye is physical.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *   Let me double-check if any other sense could apply.
    *   Sense 5 ("miss from one's possessions") is the closest runner-up. However, body parts are rarely called "possessions" in the same way glasses or purses are. And the example "I've lost my glasses again" suggests temporary loss or misplacement often associated with that specific sense key in WSD datasets, or at least loss of personal property. Losing an eye is permanent biological loss.
    *   Sense 1 is the super-ordinate term for physical loss. It is the safest and most accurate bucket for "cease to have a body part".

    *   Decision: Sense 1.

    *   Index mapping:
        *   1. sense_key=lose%2:40:02::

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an <t>eye</t> to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target lemma:** eye
    *   **Target surface form:** eye
    *   **Context:** A text about retinoblastoma, a cancer of the eye. Specifically, the sentence: "...having lost an <t>eye</t> to the rare tumor..."
    *   **Candidate Senses:**
        1.  Organ of sight.
        2.  Good discernment.
        3.  Attention to what is seen.
        4.  Central area.
        5.  Small hole or loop.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence segment is: "Mr. Quinlan ... knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an <t>eye</t> to the rare tumor when he was only two months old..."
    *   The "rare tumor" mentioned is "retinoblastoma", defined earlier as "an eye cancer".
    *   Losing an organ to a tumor is the physical reality described here.
    *   The context discusses physical anatomy (losing a body part), medical history, and the specific organ (eye).

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "the organ of sight".
        *   Does this fit? Yes. Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye. Losing an eye to a tumor means the physical organ was removed.
        *   Synonyms: oculus, optic.
        *   Examples: None provided in the prompt definition, but "organ of sight" is the primary definition.
    *   **Sense 2:** "good discernment".
        *   Does this fit? No. You don't lose "discernment" to a physical tumor in this context (though metaphorically possible, the context is literal medical history).
    *   **Sense 3:** "attention to what is seen".
        *   Does this fit? No.
    *   **Sense 4:** "an area that is approximately central within some larger region".
        *   Does this fit? No. This refers to the "eye of a storm" or "center of town".
    *   **Sense 5:** "a small hole or loop".
        *   Does this fit? No. This refers to the "eye of a needle".

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the literal anatomical organ. The context is about a cancer (retinoblastoma) affecting this organ and the surgical removal (loss) of this organ.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen index is 1.

6.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "lost an eye" -> physical organ.
    *   Definition 1: "the organ of sight".
    *   Match: Perfect.

    Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was <t>only</t> two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target: "only"
    *   Context sentence: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was <t>only</t> two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
    *   Full context provided: The text discusses genetic predisposition to cancer (specifically retinoblastoma). It mentions Mr. Quinlan lost an eye to the tumor when he was "only" two months old.

2.  **Analyze the meaning in context:**
    *   The phrase "when he was only two months old" implies that two months is a surprisingly young age. It emphasizes the young age. It means "as recently as" or "no more than".
    *   It highlights the smallness or earliness of the age.
    *   Let's look at the candidate senses.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1: `only%4:02:02::`**
        *   Definition: and nothing more.
        *   Synonyms: merely, simply, just, but.
        *   Examples: "I was merely asking", "it is simply a matter of time".
        *   Analysis: This sense often focuses on a limitation (nothing more than X). While "only two months old" does mean "nothing more than two months old," the nuance here is often about the surprising earliness or smallness of the number. However, let's check if other senses fit better. Sense 1 is the general "merely/just" sense. "He was merely two months old" works.

    *   **Sense 2: `only%4:02:01::`**
        *   Definition: without any others being included or involved.
        *   Synonyms: entirely, exclusively, solely, alone.
        *   Examples: "was entirely to blame", "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children".
        *   Analysis: This sense is about exclusivity. "He was exclusively two months old" doesn't make sense. This is not the right sense.

    *   **Sense 3: `only%4:02:00::`**
        *   Definition: with nevertheless the final result.
        *   Examples: "He arrived only to find his wife dead", "We won only to lose again in the next round".
        *   Analysis: This is the "only to [verb]" construction indicating an unfortunate or ironic result. Not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 4: `only%4:02:04::`**
        *   Definition: in the final outcome.
        *   Examples: "These news will only make you more upset".
        *   Analysis: This is about the eventual effect. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5: `only%4:02:05::`**
        *   Definition: except that.
        *   Examples: "It was the same story; only this time she came out better".
        *   Analysis: This is a conjunction use ("but", "however"). Not applicable here (here it's an adverb modifying a temporal phrase).

    *   **Sense 6: `only%4:02:06::`**
        *   Definition: never except when.
        *   Synonyms: only if, only when.
        *   Examples: "call me only if your cold gets worse".
        *   Analysis: Conditional use. Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 7: `only%4:02:06::`** (Wait, checking the input list numbering vs content).
        *   Let's look at the input list carefully.
        *   Sense 7 definition: "as recently as".
        *   Examples: "I spoke to him only an hour ago".
        *   Analysis: This sense specifically targets time/distance/quantity where the amount is small or recent. "when he was only two months old" -> "as recently as two months old" or "no older than two months old". This captures the nuance of "at the young age of". The example "I spoke to him only an hour ago" parallels "he was only two months old". Both use "only" to emphasize the proximity (in time) or the smallness of the measure.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 7:**
    *   Sense 1: "and nothing more" (merely, simply, just). "He was just two months old." This fits well. It's a general limitation.
    *   Sense 7: "as recently as". "He was as recently as two months old."
    *   In WordNet 3.0/3.1 structures (which these sense keys usually map to):
        *   `only%4:02:02::` corresponds to the "merely, just" sense (Limitation).
        *   `only%4:02:05::` (Note: The user's list has "as recently as" at index 7, though usually, WordNet splits specific time nuances).
    *   Let's look closer at Sense 7's example: "I spoke to him only an hour ago". This implies a short time ago.
    *   Let's look at the context: "when he was only two months old". This implies a short age (young).
    *   Is "only two months old" meaning "merely two months old" or "as recently as"?
    *   "Merely two months old" (Sense 1) implies he was no older than that, emphasizing the young age as a limitation or surprising fact.
    *   Sense 7 ("as recently as") is usually used for time elapsed (e.g., "He was here only yesterday").
    *   When talking about age, is it "as recently as"? "He was as recently as two months old" sounds ungrammatical or awkward. You don't say someone is "as recently as [age]". You say "he was merely [age]".
    *   However, let's check the specific WordNet mapping.
    *   WordNet often groups "merely/just" (Sense 1) for things like "it was only a scratch", "he was only a child".
    *   Sense 7 (user index) definition: "as recently as". Example: "I spoke to him only an hour ago".
    *   Does "only two months old" fit "as recently as"? No, it fits "and nothing more" (merely/simply/just). He was *just* two months old. The emphasis is on the young age (small number). Sense 1 covers "just/merely".
    *   Sense 7 is specific to temporal recency relative to the present or a reference point (an hour ago, yesterday). Age is a state of being, not necessarily an event recency, though "when he was..." creates a time frame.
    *   "When he was merely two months old" works perfectly.
    *   "When he was as recently as two months old" does not work well syntactically for age.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 ("and nothing more" / merely / just) is the broader and more appropriate category for age expressions emphasizing youth. The sentence stresses that he was very young (nothing more than two months).

5.  **Double Check Sense Keys:**
    *   Sense 1: `only%4:02:02::` | definition=and nothing more. Synonyms: merely, simply, just.
    *   Sense 7: `only%4:02:05::` (The user input has index 7 mapping to definition "as recently as", though the sense key provided in the list is actually missing for index 7 in the prompt text? Ah, no, looking at the prompt text provided:
        *   7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
        *   Wait, let me look at the input block provided by the user again.
        *   Input:
            *   1. `only%4:02:02::` | definition=and nothing more ...
            *   ...
            *   7. `only%4:02:05::` (Wait, the user listed `only%4:02:05::` as "except that" in index 5? Let me re-read the input list provided in the prompt carefully.)

    *   **Prompt List Analysis:**
        *   1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more ...
        *   2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others ...
        *   3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result ...
        *   4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome ...
        *   5. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=except that ...
        *   6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when ...
        *   7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as ... (Wait, index 7 has the same sense key as index 5? Or is it a typo in my reading? Let me check the prompt text characters strictly).
            *   Input item 5: `sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=except that`
            *   Input item 7: `sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as`
            *   There seems to be a duplicate sense key in the prompt list provided by the user, or maybe I misread the key.
            *   Let's re-read the prompt's sense 7 line: `7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago`.
            *   Let's re-read the prompt's sense 5 line: `5. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better`.
            *   Okay, the sense keys are identical in the prompt text (`only%4:02:05::`). This suggests an issue with the provided keys or a copy-paste error in the prompt generation. However, I must choose the **best indexed sense** from the list provided.
            *   I need to choose between definition "and nothing more" (Index 1) and definition "as recently as" (Index 7).

6.  **Final Semantic Decision:**
    *   Context: "when he was only two months old".
    *   Meaning: He was very young. Synonym "just" or "merely". "He was merely two months old."
    *   Comparison with Index 1 ("and nothing more"): Matches "merely". "He was nothing more than two months old."
    *   Comparison with Index 7 ("as recently as"): "He was as recently as two months old." This is semantically awkward for age. "As recently as" fits events: "I saw him only yesterday."
    *   The "merely/just" sense (Index 1) is the standard sense for emphasizing small numbers (age, distance, price). "It costs only five dollars." "He is only a child." "He was only two months old."
    *   Therefore, Index 1 is the correct choice.

    *   Refining the specific WordNet sense correspondence:
        *   WordNet 3.0:
            *   `only%4:02:02::` is "merely, simply, just, but". (Index 1 in prompt).
            *   This matches perfectly.

7.  **Conclusion:** The sense is "and nothing more" (merely/just). The target is modifying the age "two months old" to indicate it is a small amount. This corresponds to Index 1.

    *   Index 1: "and nothing more" -> "merely", "just". Fits "only two months old" (just two months old).
    *   Index 7: "as recently as". Fits "only an hour ago". Does not fit age state well.

    Choice: Index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mother
Target surface form: mother
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his <t>mother</t> had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mother%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children
2. sense_key=mother%1:27:00:: | definition=a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
3. sense_key=mother%1:18:02:: | definition=a term of address for an elderly woman
4. sense_key=mother%1:18:01:: | definition=a term of address for a mother superior
5. sense_key=mother%1:09:00:: | definition=a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation | examples=necessity is the mother of invention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *mother*
    *   Target surface form: *mother*
    *   Context sentence: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his *mother* had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetics cancer (retinoblastoma), and family history. Mr. Quinlan lost an eye to a tumor when he was two months old. His *mother* had the same fate.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `mother%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)" | Synonyms: female parent | Examples: "the mother of three children".
        *   *Fit:* This is the standard biological/parental definition. Mr. Quinlan's mother is his female parent. She passed on the gene or shares the genetic condition. This fits perfectly with the description of family history and heredity.

Sense 2:**mother%1:18:02::` | Definition: "a term of address for an elderly woman".
        *   *Fit:* The text refers to "his mother", indicating a relationship (genitor/parent), not just a polite form of address for an old woman.1:09:00::` | Definition: "a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation" (metaphorical).
        *   *Fit:* No metaphorical usage here (e.g., "necessity is the mother of invention").

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The context describes a familial relationship. Mr. Quinlan is the subject. "His mother" refers to his female parent. This aligns exactly with Sense 1 (female parent).

4.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instructions ask to return only a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`.
    *   The index corresponds to the list number (1-based index usually, unless specified otherwise, but the prompt says "Choose the single best indexed sense... Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}").
    *   Let's verify the index number. The list has 5 items.
    *   Item 1 is the correct definition.
    *   So the index should be 1.

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "after his *mother* had suffered the same fate..."
    *   Meaning: Female parent.
    *   Sense 1: "a woman who has given birth to a child... female parent".
    *   Match: Yes.

    Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mother
Target surface form: mother
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his <t>mother</t> had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mother%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children
2. sense_key=mother%1:27:00:: | definition=a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
3. sense_key=mother%1:18:02:: | definition=a term of address for an elderly woman
4. sense_key=mother%1:18:01:: | definition=a term of address for a mother superior
5. sense_key=mother%1:09:00:: | definition=a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation | examples=necessity is the mother of invention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: `mother`
    *   Target surface form: `mother`
    *   Context: A text describing genetic predisposition to retinoblastoma. Specifically, it mentions Mr. Quinlan losing an eye to the tumor when he was two months old, "after his <t>mother</t> had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense from the provided list.
    *   Output format: JSON `{"sense_index": N}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence refers to "his <t>mother</t>".
    *   "His" refers to Mr. Quinlan.
    *   The text discusses family inheritance of a gene (Mr. Quinlan, his child, his mother).
    *   The relation is clearly a biological parent-child relationship. She is the woman who gave birth to Mr. Quinlan.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `mother%1:18:00::` | Definition: "a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)" | Synonyms: `female parent` | Examples: "the mother of three children". -> This fits perfectly. It describes the female parent of Mr. Quinlan.
    *   **Sense 2:** `mother%1:27:00::` | Definition: "a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria..." -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 3:** `mother%1:18:02::` | Definition: "a term of address for an elderly woman" -> This is used as a reference, not a term of address (like "Hello, mother"). It also doesn't capture the biological/familial relationship central to the context.
    *   **Sense 4:** `mother%1:18:01::` | Definition: "a term of address for a mother superior" -> Irrelevant.
    *   **Sense 5:** `mother%1:09:00::` | Definition: "a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation" -> Metaphorical usage (e.g., "necessity is the mother of invention"). Irrelevant.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition for a female parent.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The previous error was `sense_index": 1}` which is missing the opening brace `{`.
    *   I need to output `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suffer
Target surface form: suffered
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had <t>suffered</t> the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suffer%2:39:01:: | definition=undergo or be subjected to | synonyms=endure | examples=He suffered the penalty; Many saints suffered martyrdom
2. sense_key=suffer%2:29:01:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=sustain, have, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
3. sense_key=suffer%2:37:00:: | definition=experience (emotional) pain | examples=Every time her husband gets drunk, she suffers
4. sense_key=suffer%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
5. sense_key=suffer%2:30:00:: | definition=get worse | examples=His grades suffered
6. sense_key=suffer%2:29:00:: | definition=feel pain or be in pain | synonyms=hurt
7. sense_key=suffer%2:39:00:: | definition=feel physical pain | synonyms=hurt, ache | examples=Were you hurting after the accident?
8. sense_key=suffer%2:29:03:: | definition=feel unwell or uncomfortable | examples=She is suffering from the hot weather
9. sense_key=suffer%2:42:04:: | definition=be given to | examples=She suffers from a tendency to talk too much
10. sense_key=suffer%2:39:02:: | definition=undergo or suffer | synonyms=meet | examples=meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate
11. sense_key=suffer%2:30:02:: | definition=be set at a disadvantage | synonyms=lose | examples=This author really suffers in translation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "...after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
    *   Subject: "his mother" (Mr. Quinlan's mother).
    *   Object: "the same fate".
    *   Referent of "the same fate": The previous sentence mentions Mr. Quinlan "lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old". So, "the same fate" means losing an eye to retinoblastoma (an eye cancer).
    *   Meaning: The mother underwent/experienced the specific event of losing an eye to the tumor.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: undergo or be subjected to (synonyms: endure).* Examples: "He suffered the penalty; Many saints suffered martyrdom."
        *   Fit: This is a strong candidate. It implies undergoing a negative experience or fate. Losing an eye is a penalty/martyrdom-like event in terms of negativity.

    *   *Sense 2: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) (synonyms: sustain, have, get).* Examples: "She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock..."
        *   Fit: This sense is specific to injuries and illnesses. Losing an eye due to a tumor is an injury/medical event. However, the object here is "the same fate". "Suffered a fate" usually fits the more general "undergo/be subjected to" sense, whereas sense 2 is typically "suffered a fracture," "suffered a heart attack." "Suffering a fate" feels slightly more aligned with sense 1 or 10, but let's keep this in mind.

    *   *Sense 3: experience (emotional) pain.* Examples: "Every time her husband gets drunk, she suffers."
        *   Fit: No, this is intransitive usage (mostly) or refers to emotional pain. Here it is transitive ("suffered the same fate").

    *   *Sense 4: put up with something or somebody unpleasant.* Examples: "I cannot bear his constant criticism."
        *   Fit: No, this means "tolerate".

    *   *Sense 5: get worse.* Examples: "His grades suffered."
        *   Fit: No.

    *   *Sense 6: feel pain or be in pain.* Examples: "hurt".
        *   Fit: No, this is the general intransitive state.

    *   *Sense 7: feel physical pain.*
        *   Fit: No, context is specific to the event/fate.

    *   *Sense 8: feel unwell or uncomfortable.*
        *   Fit: No.

    *   *Sense 9: be given to.*
        *   Fit: No.

    *   *Sense 10: undergo or suffer (synonyms: meet).* Examples: "meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate."
        *   Fit: This is very specific to the construction "suffer a [adjective] fate". The text says "suffered the same fate". This matches the example almost perfectly. Sense 1 ("undergo or be subjected to") is very close, but Sense 10 specifically cites "suffer a terrible fate". The text says "suffered the same fate". This seems like the most precise match. Let's distinguish Sense 1 and Sense 10.
        *   Sense 1 Examples: "suffered the penalty", "suffered martyrdom".
        *   Sense 10 Examples: "meet a violent death", "suffer a terrible fate".
        *   The construction "suffer a fate" links strongly to Sense 10. The object "the same fate" refers to "losing an eye to a tumor", which is a "fate" (destiny/outcome). Sense 10 captures the idiom "suffer a fate".

    *   *Sense 11: be set at a disadvantage.*
        *   Fit: No.

3.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 10:**
    *   WordNet 3.0 distinctions (or similar versions):
        *   Sense 1 (suffer%2:39:01): "undergo or be subjected to". Examples: "He suffered the penalty". This is general.
        *   Sense 10 (suffer%2:39:02): "undergo or suffer". Examples: "suffer a terrible fate".
    *   The phrase "suffered the same fate" is the key. The object is "fate".
    *   Let's check the examples again.
    *   Sense 10 example: "suffer a terrible fate".
    *   Context: "suffered the same fate".
    *   This is a nearly identical collocation.
    *   Sense 2 deals with injuries ("suffered a fracture"). While losing an eye is an injury, the text frames it as a "fate". One suffers a fracture (Sense 2), but one suffers a fate (Sense 10).
    *   Therefore, Sense 10 is the most fine-grained and appropriate choice for the object "fate".

4.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "...his mother had suffered the same fate..."
    *   Sense 10 Definition: "undergo or suffer"
    *   Sense 10 Examples: "suffer a terrible fate"
    *   This matches the specific lexical usage in the text perfectly.

    Let's double check Sense 2 ("undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)").
    The outcome was "losing an eye". Is "losing an eye" an injury? Yes.
    Did she "suffer losing an eye"? The text says she "suffered the same fate".
    If the text said "she suffered the loss of an eye", Sense 2 might be competitive.
    But "suffer a fate" is a distinct idiomatic construction often mapped to the "meet/undergo" sense regarding destiny/outcomes (often negative).
    In WordNet, sense keys often distinguish these specific usages.
    Sense 10 (`suffer%2:39:02`) corresponds to the "fate" usage.

    Let's look at the hierarchy or numbering in standard WordNet.
    Often `suffer%2:39:00` or similar is "endure".
    `suffer%2:39:01` is often the general "undergo".
    `suffer%2:39:02` is the "fate" sense.
    (Note: The numbering provided in the prompt is specific to the prompt's list).

    List check:
    1. `suffer%2:39:01::` -> undergo or be subjected to. Ex: "suffered the penalty".
    10. `suffer%2:39:02::` -> undergo or suffer. Ex: "suffer a terrible fate".

    The text has "suffered the same fate".
    This matches Sense 10's example "suffer a terrible fate".
    It matches the definition "undergo or suffer".

    Sense 2 is "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)". Ex: "suffered a fracture".
    "The same fate" acts as a noun phrase summarizing the event. It is not a specific medical term like "fracture" or "shock" (Sense 2 examples). It is an existential outcome. Thus Sense 10 is better than Sense 2.

    Between Sense 1 and Sense 10:
    Sense 1 examples: "suffered the penalty", "suffered martyrdom". These are punishments or trials.
    Sense 10 examples: "meet a violent death", "suffer a terrible fate". These are existential outcomes.
    "Losing an eye" is a fate/outcome. The word "fate" is explicitly used.
    Therefore, Sense 10 is the best fit.

    Let's re-read the prompt instructions. "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."
    Example match is crucial here.
    Text: "suffered the same fate"
    Sense 10 Example: "suffer a terrible fate"

    This is a direct match.

    The sense index is 10.