[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "developing" in the sentence: "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
    *   The subject is "other children" (people/patients).
    *   The object is "the rare cancer" (a disease).
    *   The structure is "risk of developing [disease]".
    *   The meaning implies the onset or acquisition of a disease/pathology through biological processes or experience.

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1:* "make something new..." (creating a product/art). Incorrect. You don't "make" cancer in the productive sense.
    *   *Sense 2:* "work out" (theories). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 3:* "gain through experience" (aversion, sense of right/wrong). Close in the "acquire" sense, but usually refers to mental states or skills. Disease isn't exactly "gained through experience" in the standard sense of learning or habituation.
    *   *Sense 4:* "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". Examples: "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains".
        *   The example "The patient developed abdominal pains" is a medical context.
        *   "Developing cancer" fits the pattern of acquiring a physical condition or disease. The definition "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" covers pathological conditions like diseases or symptoms.
    *   *Sense 5:* "come into existence; take on form or shape" (movement, love). Intransitive usage mostly ("A new religious movement originated..."). The target is transitive here ("developing... cancer"). Although "develop" can be used intransitively for diseases ("The cancer developed quickly"), here the child is the agent/experiencer "developing [the cancer]". Sense 4 fits the transitive usage better.
    *   *Sense 10:* "grow, progress, unfold... through evolution...". Examples: "A flower developed...". Intransitive. The target is transitive.
    *   *Sense 20:* "happen" (intransitive). "Report the news as it develops". Incorrect.

3.  **Compare Sense 3 and Sense 4 closely:**
    *   Sense 3: "gain through experience". Synonyms: acquire, evolve. Examples: "I acquired a strong aversion...", "develop a sense of right and wrong". This is about mental/psychological acquisition.
    *   Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". Synonyms: grow, produce, get, acquire. Examples: "He grew a beard", "The patient developed abdominal pains".
    *   Cancer is a physical condition/pathology. The example "The patient developed abdominal pains" aligns perfectly with "children... developing the rare cancer". It falls under the medical sense of acquiring a disease or symptom.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 4 is the standard WordNet sense for the onset or acquisition of a disease or physical symptom by a patient.

5.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "risk of developing the rare cancer".
    *   Sense 4 Definition: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)".
    *   Sense 4 Example: "The patient developed abdominal pains".
    *   Match: Excellent.

6.  **Format Output:** JSON object with the index. The index corresponds to the list provided. Sense 4 is index 4.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer" used in the context of "rare cancer" referring to retinoblastoma, a type of malignant tumor.
Sense 1 defines cancer as "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." which perfectly matches the context of retinoblastoma, an eye cancer.
Sense 2 is astrology person.
Sense 3 is constellation.
Sense 4 is zodiac sign.
Sense 5 is genus of crabs.

The correct sense is sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target retinoblastoma (an eye cancer).
- Mr. Quinlan says this test result "made our New Year" - meaning it made their New Year celebration/holiday special, joyful, or wonderful.

So "made" here means something like "caused to be special/enjoyable" or "made (our New Year) great/special."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
- Not really about engaging in something.

2. make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
- This could potentially work - giving certain properties to "our New Year" (making it special).

3. make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
- This could work - causing their New Year to become special.

4. make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR
- Not about causing someone to act.

5. make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
- Not quite about causing something to happen.

6. make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create
- Not relevant.

7. make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw
- Not relevant.

8. make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
- Not about compelling.

9. make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means
- Not relevant.

10. make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction
- Not relevant.

11. make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way
- Not relevant.

12. make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent
- Not relevant.

13. make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g.
- Not relevant.

14. make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
- This is similar! "He makes a great host" is analogous to "It made our New Year" in the sense of being/becoming something.

Let me look more carefully at sense 14:
"be or be capable of being changed or made into" - examples: "He makes a great host; He will make a fine father"

The phrase "made our New Year" is idiomatic - it means "made our New Year (special/wonderful/great)". This is similar to "He makes a great host" in that something becomes something else.

But let me also check:
45. make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
- This seems very relevant! "make my day" is similar to "made our New Year" - both are about causing a period of time to be enjoyable/special.

Sense 45 with "make my day" as an example seems like the best match. "It made our New Year" is essentially saying "It made our New Year special/joyful/enjoyable" which aligns with "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable."

Let me also consider sense 41:
41. make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
- This could also work - the test result assured the success of their New Year.

Actually, sense 41 "assure the success of" with the example "A good review by this critic will make your play!" is very similar to our context. "It made our New Year" is like saying "It made our New Year a success."

Let me compare senses but sense 45 example "make my day" is much closer to "made our New Year" - both are about a specific time period being made enjoyable/special.

However, sense 41 is also compelling because "made our New Year" essentially means "made it a success" or "made it wonderful."

Let me think about this more carefully. Thecause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" with example "make my day" seems like the closest match.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 2:
2. make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly

This could work too - giving the New Year certain properties (making it special/wonderful).

But sense 45 is more specific to causing enjoyment/pleasure, which is what "made our New Year" means - the news caused their New Year to be enjoyable.

Let me also check sense 46:
46. make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
- Not quite right.

I think sense 45 is the best match:
45. makeasurable | examples=make my day

The example "make my day" is very similar in structure and meaning to "made our New Year" - both are about causing a time period to be enjoyable/special.

Wait, let me also consider:
 examples=He will make a splendid father!
- This is about developing into something, which isn't quite right.

I'm going with sense 45. The definition "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" with the example "make my day" perfectly matches the context where "It made our New Year" means the good news caused their New Year celebration to be joyful and special.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 41 once more:
41.2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by make your play" is saying it will make the play a success. Similarly, "made our New Year" could mean it made their New Year celebration a success. This is also a strong candidate.

But I think sense 45 is more precisely matching because:
1. "make my day" is a very common idiom, similar to "made our New Year"
2. The definition "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" directly captures what the news did to their New Year

So my final answer is sense 45.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "says" (lemma: "say").
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan."
    *   Context details: Mr. Quinlan is speaking directly, quoting his reaction to the test results. This is a direct speech attribution verb. He is expressing something in words.
    *   Preceding clause: "It made our New Year," (a quote).
    *   Subject: Mr. Quinlan.
    *   Function: Introducing a quote.

3.  **Evaluate candidate senses**:

    *   **1. say%2:32:00::**: Definition: express in words. Synonyms: state, tell. Examples: He said that he wanted to marry her.
        *   *Fit*: This is the most general sense of "say" used for speech acts. Mr. Quinlan is expressing words. He is stating a fact or opinion. This fits perfectly as a standard speech verb.

    *   **2. say%2:32:01::**: Definition: report or maintain. Synonyms: allege, aver. Examples: He alleged that he was the victim of a crime.
        *   *Fit*: This implies reporting something that might be disputed or is a formal claim (alleging). While Mr. Quinlan is stating something, the context isn't about a legal or disputatious claim ("alleging"). It's a simple reaction quote. This sense is usually for indirect speech or reporting claims, not necessarily direct quotations like this, though related. Sense 1 is a better fit for simple direct speech.

    *   **3. say%2:32:03::**: Definition: express a supposition. Synonyms: suppose.
        *   *Fit*: "Let's say..." usage. Not applicable here.

    *   **4. say%2:42:00::**: Definition: have or contain a certain wording or form. Synonyms: read.
        *   *Fit*: Used for texts/documents. "The law says...". Not applicable here.

    *   **5. say%2:32:04::**: Definition: give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority. Synonyms: order, tell, enjoin.
        *   *Fit*: Imperative usage. "I said to him to go home." Not applicable here.

    *   **6. say%2:32:02::**: Definition: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way. Synonyms: pronounce, articulate.
        *   *Fit*: Focuses on *how* a word is pronounced. Not applicable.

    *   **7. say%2:32:07::**: Definition: communicate or express nonverbally.
        *   *Fit*: "What does this painting say?". Not applicable.

    *   **8. say%2:32:15::**: Definition: utter aloud. Examples: She said `Hello' to everyone.
        *   *Fit*: This is very similar to sense 1. However, sense 1 ("express in words") usually covers the broader communicative content, while sense 8 ("utter aloud") might imply just the physical act or short interjections. The quote "It made our New Year" is a full statement expressing a sentiment. Sense 1 is the standard default for "say" introducing a clause or a full meaningful statement. Sense 8 often feels like it might be used for the physical act, but sense 1 is the primary communicative sense. Let's look closer at the distinction. Sense 1 examples: "He said that he wanted to marry her". Sense 8 examples: "She said 'Hello'". The quote here is a meaningful statement about the situation. Sense 1 is the general "express in words" sense used for reporting speech.

    *   **9. say%2:32:13::**: Definition: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare.
        *   *Fit*: "I say let's forget this whole business". This is often used to introduce an opinion or decision strongly. Mr. Quinlan is expressing an opinion/reaction. However, this sense often has a specific syntactic frame ("I say...") or implies a strong declaration. Standard speech attribution usually falls under sense 1.

    *   **10. say%2:32:08::**: Definition: recite or repeat a fixed text.
        *   *Fit*: "Say grace". Not applicable.

    *   **11. say%2:32:09::**: Definition: indicate.
        *   *Fit*: "The clock says noon". Not applicable.

4.  **Refine choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2 (and 8)**:

    *   Context: `"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.`
    *   Sense 1: "express in words". This is the most neutral, default sense for "say" used to attribute a quote or statement to a speaker.
    *   Sense 2: "report or maintain" (allege). This is usually used when the content is a claim about reality, often in the face of doubt or in a reportive context. "He says he is innocent." Mr. Quinlan isn't alleging something controversial; he is reacting to a test result. He is expressing his happiness.
    *   Sense 8: "utter aloud". This is often used for very short utterances or the physical act. "It made our New Year" is a sentence expressing a thought. Sense 1 is the standard sense for communicating a message.

    Let's check the WordNet hierarchy or standard WSD practices for "say".
    Most WSD datasets (like SemCor) tag the vast majority of "say" instances (especially those introducing quotes or indirect speech) as Sense 1 (express in words).
    Sense 2 (allege) is usually reserved for contexts like "The report says..." or "He says he saw it" (implying a claim of fact).

    Here, Mr. Quinlan is simply speaking.
    Definition 1: "express in words". Synonyms: state.
    This fits perfectly. He is stating the words "It made our New Year".

    Let's look at Sense 1's definition again: "express in words".
    Let's look at Sense 8's definition: "utter aloud".
    In WordNet 3.0/3.1, the distinction can be subtle. Usually, sense 1 is the "communicate a message" sense. Sense 8 is the physical production sense. In this context, the focus is on the content of the message (the quote).
    However, WordNet examples for Sense 1 include complex sentences ("He said that he wanted to marry her"). The example for Sense 8 is "She said 'Hello'". The quote "It made our New Year" is a sentence.
    But more importantly, Sense 1 is the main entry and "express in words" captures the semantic act of conveying meaning. Sense 8 is "utter aloud" which is more generic regarding the content.
    Actually, checking WordNet structure:
    Sense 1 (say%2:32:00) covers the general communicative act.
    Sense 8 (say%2:32:15) is often a hyponym or closely related. But usually, the general "express in words" is the target for speech attribution verbs in narrative contexts like this.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 again just to be sure.
    "He says he lost an eye..." (earlier in text) might be Sense 2 (allege/report)?
    Actually, in the text: "Mr. Quinlan... knew he carried a damaged gene...". That was knowledge.
    The target sentence: `"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.`
    This is a direct reaction. It is a statement of feeling.
    Sense 1 is "express in words".
    Sense 2 is "report or maintain" (synonyms allege).
    Mr. Quinlan is not alleging. He is expressing a sentiment.
    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Let's check Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare".
    "I say let's forget this whole business".
    This sense typically appears in constructions like "I say..." where the subject is the speaker making a judgement call or directive.
    The target construction is "says Mr. Quinlan" (inversion of "Mr. Quinlan says").
    This is standard narrative attribution. Sense 1 is the standard tag for narrative attribution.

    Conclusion: Sense 1 is the broad, standard sense for "say" meaning to express words/speak. The other senses are specific nuances (alleging, ordering, supposing, pronouncing, etc.). None of those nuances apply here. It is a simple act of speaking.

    Candidate 1:
    Definition: express in words.
    Synonyms: state, tell.
    Examples: He said that he wanted to marry her.
    Context Match: Mr. Quinlan expresses the words "It made our New Year".

    This is the correct sense.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: `first`
    *   Target surface form: `first`
    *   Context Sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a medical breakthrough involving a genetic test for retinoblastoma. This test allowed prediction of cancer risk in a fetus (Will Quinlan). The sentence in question emphasizes that this specific test was the *first* one to do this reliably.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `preceding all others in time or space or degree`.
        *   *Examples:* "the first house on the right", "the first day of spring".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies being the earliest in a sequence or the foremost in position. In the context "This test was the first to predict...", it means no other test came before it that could do this. It was the earliest one. This fits the temporal sequence of events (scientific progress).

    *   **Sense 2:** `indicating the beginning unit in a series`.
        *   *Synonyms:* 1st.
        *   *Analysis:* This is often used as an ordinal number (first, second, third...). While "first" is an ordinal, the usage here isn't necessarily counting a series (like "the first of five tests"). It's stating a historical fact about precedence. However, often "first" in "the first to do X" fits the definition of being the beginning unit of the series of tests that *can* do X.

    *   **Sense 3:** `serving to set in motion`.
        *   *Synonyms:* inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden.
        *   *Examples:* "the magazine's inaugural issue".
        *   *Analysis:* This usually applies to events or items starting a process (maiden voyage, inaugural address). The test didn't "set in motion" the prediction; it *was* the prediction. It might have started a new era of testing, but the adjective modifies the test itself as an entity in a timeline, not an "initiative" in the active sense. This seems less fitting than Sense 1 or 2.

    *   **Sense 4:** `serving to begin`.
        *   *Synonyms:* beginning.
        *   *Examples:* "the beginning canto", "the first verse".
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 3, but focuses on the starting part of a whole. "The first verse" begins the poem. "The first test" doesn't begin the test; it is the test. Unless the text implies a specific series of tests where this was test #1 (which it doesn't; it implies this was the breakthrough instance), this specific definition (serving to begin a larger entity) is awkward.

    *   **Sense 5:** `ranking above all others`.
        *   *Synonyms:* foremost, world-class.
        *   *Examples:* "was first in her class".
        *   *Analysis:* This implies quality or rank (best). The sentence says "the first to predict reliably". While it might be the best, the core meaning is temporal precedence (nobody did it before), not necessarily ranking quality, though they overlap. But "first to [verb]" strongly points to time/precedence.

    *   **Sense 6:** `highest in pitch or chief among parts...`
        *   *Examples:* "first soprano".
        *   *Analysis:* Musical context. Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict..."
    *   Sense 1 definition: "preceding all others in time or space or degree".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "indicating the beginning unit in a series".

    Let's look at the specific nuance.
    "The first house on the right" (Sense 1 - Space).
    "The first day of spring" (Sense 1 - Time).
    "The first to predict..." (Sense 1 - Time).

    Sense 2 is usually for ordinals in an enumeration. "Test 1, Test 2". Here, it's a unique event in history. It stands alone as the *earliest* instance of a reliable prediction.
    WordNet 3.0 (which these senses resemble) often distinguishes between the adjective denoting position in time (Sense 1) and the ordinal adjective (Sense 2).
    However, "the first to [do something]" is the classic definition of precedence (Sense 1).
    Sense 2 examples usually look like "April 1st" or "the first chapter".
    Sense 1 examples include "the first time", "the first one".
    "Preceding all others in time" matches "This test was the first to predict..." perfectly. It came before all others.

    Let's check the mapping.
    Sense 1: `first%3:00:00::` -> Adjective.
    Sense 2: `first%5:00:00:ordinal:00` -> Adjective.

    In "the first to predict", "first" acts as a substantive adjective (the first one).
    Does it indicate the beginning unit of a series? One could argue that now there is a series of such tests. But the emphasis is on the historical precedence.
    WordNet sense 1 ("preceding all others in time") captures the superlative nature of the temporal claim. "Nobody did it before; this is the earliest." This is the intended meaning. It signifies uniqueness in history, not just position #1 in a list.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    *Re-evaluation of Sense 2:* "indicating the beginning unit in a series". Is there a series? "This test was the first..." implies subsequent tests might exist or be developed, but the phrase "the first to predict reliably" is the superlative of "early" or "preceding". It means "there were zero tests before this".
    Sense 1: "preceding all others in time". This is the precise definition of "the first to do X".

    Let's check Sense 5 again just in case. "Ranking above all others". "First in her class". This is about status/rank. The test isn't being ranked against others for quality (like "the first prize"); it is being situated in time.

    Let's check Sense 3/4 again. "Serving to begin". No, the test didn't begin the prediction; it performed it.

    Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit. It captures the temporal precedence described in the text ("preceding all others in time").

    Double check sense keys provided in the prompt.
    Sense 1: `first%3:00:00::` | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree
    This is the standard superlative of "early" or "front".

    Sentence: "This test was the first to predict..."
    Meaning: No test predicted it before this one. It preceded all others.
    Matches Sense 1 definition perfectly.

    Sense 2: `first%5:00:00:ordinal:00` | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series.
    While "first" is an ordinal number, this specific sense usually applies to items in a known set (the first floor, the first chapter). Here, the "set" is theoretical (all tests ever). The emphasis is on the *precedence* over all others (Sense 1).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended answer.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    The context discusses a genetic test for retinoblastoma (eye cancer). Specifically, it mentions that this test predicts whether an "individual" could expect to develop cancer.
    The previous sentences discuss the Quinlan family (Mr. Quinlan, his mother, baby Will Quinlan). The test was applied to the fetus/baby Will.
    The sentence in question is: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do.
        *   Focus: Specifically humans.

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a single organism.
        *   Focus: Any single organism (could be animals, plants, etc., in a biological context).

3.  **Evaluate the fit:**
    The text is about humans (the Quinlan family, babies, "children", "Mr. Quinlan").
    The phrase "whether an individual could expect to develop cancer" refers to the application of this genetic testing. While the specific case is human, the word "individual" in a medical/biological context often serves as a technical term for a specific member of a species.
    However, let's look closely at the hierarchy and usage.
    WordNet usually structures "individual" (noun) under "organism" (Sense 2) and also has a specific sense for "human being" (Sense 1).
    In common parlance, "individual" is almost always a synonym for "person".
    Does the context imply a broader biological scope (potentially animals) or just humans? The context is strictly about human medicine ("baby", "couple", "Mr. Quinlan").
    Sense 1 ("a human being") is a specific hyponym of Sense 2 ("a single organism").
    Usually, if the context is clearly human, the human-specific sense is preferred over the generic biological sense, unless the text is contrasting humans with other organisms or making a point about biology in general (e.g., "The behavior of the individual in the hive"). Here, it's a hospital/genetics context regarding people.

    Let's check WordNet hierarchy.
    Sense 1 (individual%1:03:00): a human being. Synonyms: person, someone...
    Sense 2 (individual%1:18:00): a single organism. Synonyms: individual (itself usually).

    Let's look at the specific phrasing: "whether an individual could expect to develop cancer".
    The text is about *people*. Mr. Quinlan, Bonnie, Will.
    If I say "an individual", in this context, does it carry the specific weight of "a single organism" (Sense 2) or "a human being" (Sense 1)?

    Sense 1 is defined as "a human being".
    Sense 2 is defined as "a single organism".

    In WordNet, "individual" (noun) often maps to the "person" concept. However, the biological definition of "individual" is "a single organism".
    Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "there was too much for one person to do".
    Let's look at the hierarchy. Sense 1 is a child of "causal agent" and "person". Sense 2 is a child of "organism".

    Context: Genetic testing.
    Is the text highlighting the biological nature of the subject (organism) or just referring to a person?
    "Predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    The text talks about "other children", "couple", "mother".
    It seems highly specific to humans.

    However, sometimes in scientific texts (like medical reports), "individual" is used to mean "a single organism" (which happens to be human), distinct from the "personhood" aspect. But usually, WordNet annotation practices (like in SemCor) tend to tag "individual" used for people as the "person" sense (Sense 1).

    Let's compare the definitions again.
    Sense 1: "a human being"
    Sense 2: "a single organism"

    If the text were "The individual in the colony...", it would be Sense 2 (likely an ant).
    Here, the text is about a patient.
    Is the distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 2 mutually exclusive in WordNet?
    Sense 1 (human) implies Sense 2 (organism).
    Usually, if the specific sense (Human) is available and fits, it is preferred over the general sense (Organism).
    The context is about Will Quinlan and his father. They are humans.
    Therefore, Sense 1 seems the appropriate "single best sense" for a human subject.

    Let's double-check if there's a nuance.
    "A test using new 'genetic probes'..."
    "Predict... whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    Does the scientific tone shift this to Sense 2?
    Sense 2 is defined as "a single organism".
    Sense 1 is defined as "a human being".
    The word "individual" acts as a respectful or formal term for "person".
    If the sentence read "whether a person could expect...", Sense 1 is obvious.
    If the sentence read "whether a patient could expect...", Sense 1 is obvious.
    "Individual" covers both, but Sense 1 specifically captures the human aspect present in the text.

    Let's look at the synonyms of Sense 1: person, someone, somebody. These fit perfectly in the sentence: "whether a person could expect to develop cancer."
    Synonyms of Sense 2: (often just "individual" or distinct biological terms).

    In the context of this news article (Wall Street Journal style, reporting on medical advances for humans), "individual" is functioning as a synonym for "person" or "patient". The "organism" sense (Sense 2) is the hypernym. In WSD, if a hyponym sense (human) is available and correct, it is usually selected over the hypernym (organism).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the better choice.

    Let's verify Sense 2's usage.
    Sense 2 usually applies when "individual" contrasts with "group" or "species" in a biological way, or applies to non-humans.
    Example: "The rights of the individual versus the state." (Sense 1 - person).
    Example: "The rights of the individual organism." (Sense 2).

    Here, the text discusses a medical test for a specific family.
    The sentence structure: "whether an individual could expect to develop cancer".
    If replaced with "whether a person could expect...", the meaning holds.
    If replaced with "whether a single organism could expect...", the meaning becomes awkward (organisms don't have expectations, sentient beings do).
    "Could expect" implies a cognitive state or a future-facing perspective associated with humans/personhood.
    "Develop cancer" applies to organisms.
    The combination "expect to develop cancer" strongly points towards a human agent.

    Therefore, Sense 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expect
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "expect" in the sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
The sentence means whether an individual could anticipate or regard it as probable/likely to develop cancer.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require
3. expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait
4. expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due
5. expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child
6. expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with

In the context, it means whether an individual is likely to develop cancer. You don't "look forward to" or "await" developing cancer, which rules out sense 3. Sense 1 fits perfectly: "regard something as probable or likely". "could expect to develop cancer" means "could be likely to develop cancer".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: *develop*
    *   Context: "...predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Key phrase: "develop cancer".
    *   Meaning: The individual acquires the disease; the disease manifests itself in the body. It is a process of acquiring a disease or medical condition.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (create something new):* "Her company developed a new kind of building material". Wrong. This is active creation of a product.
    *   *Sense 2 (work out/evolve):* "We have developed a new theory". Wrong. This is intellectual formulation.
    *   *Sense 3 (gain through experience):* "Children must develop a sense of right and wrong". Wrong. Abstract qualities/morals.
    *   *Sense 4 (come to have or undergo a change of physical features and attributes):* "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains".
        *   This looks promising. "The patient developed abdominal pains" is very close to "develop cancer". It implies the onset or acquisition of a medical condition or symptom.
    *   *Sense 5 (come into existence):* "A new religious movement originated...". Wrong. This refers to the origin of an entity itself, not a subject acquiring a disease.
    *   *Sense 6 (change use of land):* "develop land". Wrong context.
    *   *Sense 7 (elaborate theories):* "develop the ideas". Wrong.
    *   *Sense 8 (create by training):* "train world-class violinists". Wrong.
    *   *Sense 9 (be disclosed/unfolded):* "The plot developed slowly". Wrong.
    *   *Sense 10 (grow/progress/evolve):* "A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower". This refers to natural growth or evolution of an organism/entity. While cancer grows, the phrase "develop cancer" is usually classified under the sense of "contracting" or "acquiring" a condition (Sense 4).
    *   *Sense 11 (technologically advanced):* "Many countries... developing". Wrong.
    *   *Sense 12 (cause to grow):* "The perfect climate here develops the grain". Causative. Wrong. "He developed a new kind of apple". Wrong.
    *   *Sense 13 (generate gradually):* "develop more potential customers". Business context. Wrong.
    *   *Sense 14 (grow emotionally):* "The child developed beautifully". Wrong.
    *   *Sense 15 (photography):* "develop this roll of film". Wrong.
    *   *Sense 16 (geometry):* Wrong.
    *   *Sense 17 (chess):* Wrong.
    *   *Sense 18 (chess):* Wrong.
    *   *Sense 19 (music):* Wrong.
    *   *Sense 20 (happen):* "Report the news as it develops". Event happening. While cancer developing *is* something happening, Sense 4 is more specific to the *patient* acquiring a condition. Sense 20 is usually intransitive regarding events (The news develops). Here we have "develop [Object]" (cancer). Sense 4 is transitive ("develop abdominal pains").
    *   *Sense 21 (math series):* Wrong.

3.  **Compare Sense 4 and Sense 10:**
    *   Sense 4 definition: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)".
    *   Sense 4 examples: "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains".
    *   Sense 10 definition: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve...".
    *   Sense 10 examples: "A flower developed on the branch".
    *   Context: "individual could expect to develop cancer".
    *   Analysis: Developing a disease is a standard medical collocate. It fits the pattern "patient developed [symptom/condition]". The definition "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" covers medical conditions in WordNet usage (often encoded as attributes or states). The example "The patient developed abdominal pains" in Sense 4 is the strongest predictor. "Cancer" is a disease/pathology, similar to "abdominal pains".

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 4 is the correct choice. It captures the aspect of a living being acquiring a physical condition or disease.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
1.  best indexed sense from the provided list.
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}` where X is the integer index (1-5).

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses: "retinoblastoma, an eye cancer", "rare tumor", "tumor-suppressor gene", "developing the rare cancer", "predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer", "cancer study".
    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, referring to diseases characterized by malignant growth and tumors.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `cancer%1:26:00::` | definition="any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." | synonyms="malignant neoplastic disease". This refers to the medical disease.
    *   **Sense 2:** `cancer%1:18:00::` | definition="(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer". This refers to a person (an astrological sign personality).
    *   **Sense 3:** `cancer%1:17:00::` | definition="a small zodiacal constellation...". This refers to astronomy/constellation.
    *   **Sense 4:** `cancer%1:15:00::` | definition="the fourth sign of the zodiac...". This refers to astrology/zodiac sign.
    *   **Sense 5:** `cancer%1:05:00::` | definition="type genus of the family Cancridae". This refers to a biological genus (crabs/crustaceans).

4.  **Matching Context to Senses:**
    *   The text talks about "retinoblastoma, an eye *cancer*", "developing the rare *cancer*", and "predict... develop *cancer*".
    *   This clearly aligns with Sense 1 (malignant neoplastic disease).
    *   Senses 2, 3, and 4 relate to astrology/astronomy. There is no mention of zodiac signs or constellations.
    *   Sense 5 relates to crabs (the animal genus). There is no mention of marine biology or crustaceans.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition for the medical condition discussed in the text.

6.  **Formatting Output:**
    *   The user requested a specific JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "cancer"
    *   Context: A detailed passage about retinoblastoma, genetic testing, tumors, and disease prediction.
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense from the provided list (1-5).
    *   Constraint: Return *only* a JSON object like `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses "retinoblastoma, an eye cancer".
    *   It mentions "malignant growth", "tumor", "cell division".
    *   Phrases like "developing the rare cancer" and "predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer".
    *   This clearly refers to the medical disease/pathology, specifically a malignant growth.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." (Medical pathology). This matches the context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer". (Astrology/Person). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "a small zodiacal constellation...". (Astronomy). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "the fourth sign of the zodiac...". (Astrology/Sign). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: "type genus of the family Cancridae". (Biology/Taxonomy). Incorrect.

4.  **Determine the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the definition of the disease cancer. The context is entirely about the disease, tumors, and genetics.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user requires valid JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.
    *   My previous attempt was malformed (`sense_index": 1}`). I need to make sure the JSON is complete.

6.  **Final Check:**
    *   Target: cancer (disease).
    *   Sense 1: malignant neoplastic disease.
    *   Selection: Index 1.
    *   Output format: JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: Equally
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target**: The word is "Equally" (adverb). The specific instance is "Equally important".

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   Sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Preceding text: The text discusses a specific medical breakthrough (test for retinoblastoma) which was very significant for the Quinlan family ("It made our New Year") and was the first to predict cancer reliably.
    *   Current sentence function: The author is introducing *another* significant aspect or consequence of the discovery (opening a new field of study).
    *   The phrase "Equally important" acts as a sentential adverbial phrase comparing the significance of two things:
        *   Thing A: The test being the first to predict cancer reliably (clinical significance).
        *   Thing B: The discovery opening a new field of cancer study (scientific significance).
    *   The author asserts that Thing B is *as* important as Thing A.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `equally%4:02:01::`
        *   Definition: "to the same degree (often followed by `as')".
        *   Synonyms: `as`, `every bit`.
        *   Examples: "they were equally beautiful"; "birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly".
        *   *Fit*: The context compares the *degree of importance* of two events. The test was important. The discovery opening a new field is "equally important". This fits the "to the same degree" definition perfectly. The structure "Equally important" parallels "they were equally beautiful".

    *   **Sense 2**: `equally%4:02:02::`
        *   Definition: "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way".
        *   Synonyms: `evenly`.
        *   Examples: "a class evenly divided between girls and boys"; "they split their winnings equally".
        *   *Fit*: This sense usually refers to distribution (splitting winnings, dividing a class) or impartiality. The context here is not about distributing something in equal shares or being impartial in judgment. It's about the *level* or *degree* of importance.

4.  **Compare and Select**:
    *   Context: "Equally important" -> Importance is a degree/extent/measure.
    *   Sense 1 matches degree comparison ("to the same degree").
    *   Sense 2 matches distribution/sharing ("in equal amounts").
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Final Output Formulation**:
    *   Target sense index: 1.
    *   Format: JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   The target word "important" modifies the discovery's impact or the statement that follows.
    *   The structure "Equally important, [statement]" functions as a discourse marker. It signals that the new information (the discovery opening a field of study) is of equal significance or consequence as the previous information (the test predicting cancer).
    *   The previous paragraph talks about a test predicting cancer reliably. This paragraph adds another point: the discovery opened a new field of study.
    *   The meaning is about the weight, consequence, or significance of the discovery/event, not about a person being influential or a physical position (like walking strides).

2.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `important%3:00:00::`
        *   Definition: of great significance or value
        *   Synonyms: of import
        *   Examples: important people; the important questions of the day
        *   Analysis: This is a very general sense. It fits, but often "Equally important" as an adverbial/discourse usage leans towards "significant in effect/meaning".

    *   **Sense 2:** `important%3:00:04::`
        *   Definition: important in effect or meaning
        *   Synonyms: significant
        *   Examples: a significant change in tax laws...
        *   Analysis: This sense focuses on the significance or meaning of an event/fact. The phrase "Equally important" serves to equate the significance or meaningfulness of two events (the test predicting cancer and the discovery opening a field). The discovery has meaning/effect (opening a new field). This seems like a strong match for the usage "Equally important, [sentence]". It highlights the consequence/implication.

    *   **Sense 3:** `important%3:00:02::`
        *   Definition: of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
        *   Synonyms: crucial
        *   Examples: a crucial moment in his career...
        *   Analysis: This is too strong ("extreme", "vital"). While the discovery is important, it's not necessarily "vital to the resolution of a crisis" in the specific way this sense defines (often implying a tipping point or dire necessity).

    *   **Sense 4:** `important%5:00:00:influential:00`
        *   Definition: having authority or ascendancy or influence
        *   Synonyms: authoritative
        *   Examples: an important official...
        *   Analysis: This refers to people or their status/authority. The subject here is a discovery/event ("the initial discovery"). Not applicable.

    *   **Sense 5:** `important%5:00:00:immodest:02`
        *   Definition: having or suggesting a consciousness of high position
        *   Examples: recited the decree with an important air...
        *   Analysis: This refers to behavior or demeanor (arrogant/pompous). Not applicable.

3.  **Differentiate Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is the "genus" general sense (great significance or value).
    *   Sense 2 is more specific: "important in effect or meaning" (synonym: significant).
    *   In WordNet, sense ordering often goes from most general to specific.
    *   Let's look at the construction: "Equally important, the initial discovery..."
    *   Is the discovery "valuable" (Sense 1) or "significant in meaning/effect" (Sense 2)?
    *   The context emphasizes that the discovery *did something meaningful* ("opened a field of cancer study... made possible some fundamental insights"). It signifies a shift or a meaningful addition to scientific knowledge.
    *   "Significant" (the synonym for Sense 2) captures the nuance of the discourse marker "Equally important..." better than "of import" (Sense 1). The phrase "Equally important" is often synonymous with "Equally significantly...".
    *   Sense 1 is often used for "important people" or "important questions". Sense 2 is used for "significant change" or "significant [abstract concept/event]".
    *   The discovery is an event/fact. Its importance lies in its meaning and effect.
    *   Let's check the Synset mappings in WordNet 3.0/3.1.
        *   `important%1` (adjective) -> `important.a.01` (of great significance or value).
        *   `important%2` (adjective) -> `important.a.02` (important in effect or meaning). Note: The sense keys provided in the prompt correspond to specific WordNet entries.
        *   Sense Key `important%3:00:04::` corresponds to the "significant" synonym.
        *   Sense Key `important%3:00:00::` corresponds to the "of import" synonym.
    *   Which is better?
        *   Context: "Equally important, the initial discovery..."
        *   The text says the discovery opened a field. It has meaning and effect.
        *   Sense 2 (important in effect or meaning) seems to fit the semantic role of the adjective describing the significance of an event's consequences.
        *   However, Sense 1 is the hypernym / general definition. Often, the first sense is the catch-all.
        *   But let's look at the gloss for Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning". The discovery's importance *is* its effect (opening a field).
        *   Compare: "It is important to study" (Sense 1?) vs "This change is significant (important)" (Sense 2?).
        *   The sentence "Equally important..." is an abbreviated form of "What is equally important is that...".
        *   Is it just "valuable" or is it "consequential"?
        *   The synonym "significant" (Sense 2) feels very close to the intended meaning here. The discovery represents a significant advancement.
        *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "important people", "important questions".
        *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "significant change", "significant change in the Constitution". These are events/abstract shifts.
        *   The context describes a scientific discovery and its impact on a field of study. This aligns better with the examples of Sense 2 (changes, events with specific effects) than Sense 1 (people, general questions).
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the finer-grained, more accurate choice for an event having a meaningful impact/consequence.

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Target: The discovery opening a field.
    *   Nature: An event/fact with consequences.
    *   Sense 2 definition: "important in effect or meaning". Synonym: "significant".
    *   This matches perfectly. Sense 1 is too broad. Sense 3 is "crucial" (too strong/crisis-oriented). Senses 4 & 5 are for people/behavior.
    *   Selection: Sense 2.

    *Self-Correction/Double Check:* In some WSD tasks, the first sense (most frequent sense) is preferred if ambiguous. However, the prompt asks for fine-grained disambiguation based on gloss, synonyms, and examples.
    Sense 1 gloss: "of great significance or value".
    Sense 2 gloss: "important in effect or meaning".
    The distinction is subtle. Sense 2 emphasizes the *effect*. The context highlights the *effect*: "opened a field of cancer study".
    Because the context explicitly details the *effect* of the discovery, Sense 2 is the precise fit.

    Let's verify the index.
    1. `important%3:00:00::`
    2. `important%3:00:04::` (This is Sense 2 in the list provided).
    3. `important%3:00:02::`
    4. `important%5:00:00:influential:00`
    5. `important%5:00:00:immodest:02`

    The choice is between 1 and 2.
    Sense 2 Synonym: significant.
    Sense 1 Synonym: of import.
    "Equally significant" works perfectly. "Equally of import" is clumsy.
    Sense 2 Examples: "significant change". The discovery is a change in the landscape of cancer study.
    Sense 1 Examples: "important people".
    The mapping of "event/abstract concept significance" to Sense 2 is clear based on the provided examples.

    Result: Index 2.

provider: Together