[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive <t>measure</t> or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Context:**
    *   Lemma: "measure"
    *   Surface form: "measure"
    *   Context Sentence: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive <t>measure</t> or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."
    *   Broader Context: The text discusses the veterinary medicine "Cerenia" for dogs, specifically its efficacy in treating/preventing vomiting. It mentions injection, tablets, and the need for supportive care alongside the medication.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1 (measure%1:04:01::): "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" | Synonyms: step | Examples: "strong measures", "steps to reduce crime". -> This refers to an action taken to achieve a result.
    *   Sense 2 (measure%1:03:00::): "how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify" | Synonyms: quantity, amount. -> Refers to magnitude or amount.
    *   Sense 3 (measure%1:10:02::): "a statute in draft before it becomes law" | Synonyms: bill. -> Legislative context.
    *   Sense 4 (measure%1:04:00::): "the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena..." | Synonyms: measurement, measuring. -> The process of measuring.
    *   Sense 5 (measure%1:10:03::): "a basis for comparison; a reference point..." | Synonyms: standard, criterion. -> A benchmark.
    *   Sense 6 (measure%1:10:01::): "(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot..." -> Poetry.
    *   Sense 7 (measure%1:10:00::): "musical notation..." -> Music.
    *   Sense 8 (measure%1:06:00::): "measuring instrument..." -> Tool (ruler, etc.).
    *   Sense 9 (measure%1:06:01::): "a container of some standard capacity..." -> Measuring cup/spoon.

3.  **Map Context to Senses:**
    *   The phrase is "other supportive measure".
    *   In medical or veterinary contexts, a "supportive measure" is an action taken to help the patient (e.g., fluid therapy, dietary changes, rest) in addition to the primary medication.
    *   It refers to an action or maneuver taken to achieve the goal of recovery or health maintenance.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal". Examples: "strong measures". This fits "supportive measure" perfectly. A supportive measure is a step taken to support the patient.
    *   Let's check Sense 2: "supportive quantity/amount"? No, that doesn't make sense grammatically or semantically.
    *   Let's check Sense 4: "supportive measuring"? No, it's not about quantifying things.
    *   The phrase "supportive measure" is a standard collocation in medical texts meaning "supportive intervention" or "supportive action".

4.  **Refine the Choice:**
    *   Sense 1 is defined as a maneuver or step toward a goal. Here, the goal is the treatment of the dog. The "measure" is a therapeutic action.
    *   While WordNet examples often cite political or drastic measures ("strong measures"), the definition "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" covers medical interventions/actions.
    *   The synonym "step" also works: "other supportive step".

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: Medical treatment protocol.
    *   Usage: "supportive measure".
    *   Meaning: A therapeutic action/intervention.
    *   Best sense: Sense 1.

    Note: Sometimes there is a specific medical sense in specialized dictionaries, but in WordNet 3.0/3.1, the closest fit is usually the "step/action toward a goal" sense (sense 1 in this list).

    Let's double-check if "supportive measure" could imply Sense 2 (amount).
    "Treatment should be together with other supportive [quantity/amount]..." No, that is nonsensical. You treat with actions or substances, not "amounts" in the abstract sense defined there. Even if it meant dosage, it would be a specific instance, but "supportive measure" implies distinct interventions (like IV fluids, specific care).

    Let's double-check Sense 1's definition again: "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal".
    Medical treatment is a goal-oriented process. A supportive measure is a maneuver within that process.
    This is the correct alignment.

6.  **Format Output:**
    JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or <t>other</t> veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word**: The target word is "other" (adjective) in the phrase "other veterinary therapy" within the sentence: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

2.  **Analyze the Context**:
    *   The text discusses the use of a medicine called Cerenia for dogs.
    *   It mentions "supportive measure" and "veterinary therapy".
    *   The specific phrase is "other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy".
    *   Context implies that alongside the specific treatment mentioned (Cerenia), there might be additional or different types of therapy involved.
    *   "Other" here distinguishes the therapy from the supportive measure mentioned immediately before, or simply implies additional types of therapy aside from the primary one being discussed (Cerenia).
    *   It means "additional" or "different" from the ones already mentioned or implied.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied`.
        *   Examples: "today isn't any other day"; "the construction of highways and other public works".
        *   Fit: This sense covers the basic adjectival function of "other" indicating distinctness or addition to a set. In the phrase "other veterinary therapy," it means veterinary therapy that is different from or in addition to the supportive measures or the Cerenia treatment already discussed. This fits the standard usage of "other" as a determiner/adjective introducing an alternative or additional entity.

    *   **Sense 2**: `recently past`.
        *   Examples: "the other evening".
        *   Fit: This is a temporal usage referring to a specific recent time. The context is not about time ("other veterinary therapy" is not "recently past veterinary therapy"). This does not fit.

    *   **Sense 3**: `belonging to the distant past`.
        *   Synonyms: early, former.
        *   Examples: "the early inhabitants of Europe"; "former generations".
        *   Fit: This refers to history. "Other veterinary therapy" is not "ancient veterinary therapy". This does not fit.

    *   **Sense 4**: `very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected`.
        *   Examples: "a strange, other dimension".
        *   Fit: This sense is often used with a somewhat mystical or strange connotation (often capitalized "Other" or used in specific literary contexts). Here, "other veterinary therapy" is just standard clinical treatment, not something weird or alien. This does not fit.

4.  **Select the Best Sense**:
    *   Sense 1 is the general, standard definition of "other". It is used to refer to a thing different from or remaining out of two or more.
    *   In the text, "other supportive measure" and "other veterinary therapy" refers to treatments distinct from the specific drug (Cerenia) discussed previously.
    *   Example alignment: "highways and *other* public works" maps well to "supportive measure or *other* veterinary therapy". Both use "other" to list items in a category distinct from the primary subject.

5.  **Final Decision**: Sense 1 is the correct choice. It captures the meaning of "different/additional from the one(s) mentioned".

6.  **Format Output**: JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: address
Target surface form: addressing
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=address%2:32:00:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=turn to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. sense_key=address%2:32:02:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=speak | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
3. sense_key=address%2:32:03:: | definition=put an address on (an envelope) | synonyms=direct
4. sense_key=address%2:33:00:: | definition=direct a question at someone
5. sense_key=address%2:34:00:: | definition=address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
6. sense_key=address%2:41:08:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=call | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
7. sense_key=address%2:40:00:: | definition=access or locate by address
8. sense_key=address%2:32:04:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
9. sense_key=address%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to someone | synonyms=accost, come up to
10. sense_key=address%2:30:00:: | definition=adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting."
    *   The context is medical/veterinary.
    *   The subject is the treatment process.
    *   "Addressing" here means dealing with, handling, treating, or focusing on the "underlying causes".
    *   It's not about speaking (speech), envelopes, golf, or computer memory.

2.  **Evaluate candidate senses:**

    *   *Sense 1 (speak to) / Sense 2 (give a speech) / Sense 9 (speak to someone):* These involve oral communication. The object here is "underlying causes" (an abstract problem), not a person or crowd. Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 3 (put an address on an envelope):* Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 4 (direct a question):* Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 5 (apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something):* This is a strong candidate. It involves directing efforts towards a problem. However, looking closely at the definition "direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question," it fits, but sense 8 might be more specific to problems/topics.
    *   *Sense 6 (greet):* Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 7 (access or locate by address - computer memory):* Irrelevant.
    *   *Sense 8 (act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression / synonyms: cover, treat, handle, deal):* The definition says "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression", but the examples ("This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization") and synonyms ("treat, handle, deal") suggest a broader meaning of dealing with a topic or problem. The phrase "addressing the underlying causes" is semantically equivalent to "dealing with" or "treating" the causes. Even though the definition mentions "verbally", the examples show it applies to subject matters or problems, which aligns perfectly with "underlying causes". The synonyms "treat, handle, deal" match the medical context of managing a condition.
    *   *Sense 10 (golf):* Irrelevant.

3.  **Compare Sense 5 and Sense 8:**
    *   Sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question".
    *   Sense 8: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" (Synonyms: cover, treat, handle, plow, deal).
    *   In this context, "addressing the underlying causes" means handling or treating those causes (managing the problem).
    *   Let's look at the WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 hierarchy.
    *   WordNet 3.0:
        *   address%2:32:04:: (Sense 8 in the list provided): "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression". Synonyms: cover, treat, handle, plow, deal. Examples: "This course covers all of Western Civilization".
        *   address%2:34:00:: (Sense 5 in the list provided): "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question".
    *   The target "addressing the underlying causes" is about managing a problem. Sense 8's synonyms "treat, handle, deal" are very close to the medical context (treating causes). Sense 8's example "This book deals with..." is about a topic. Sense 5's definition mentions "direct one's efforts towards something".
    *   Usually, in medical contexts or problem-solving contexts, "address" aligns with "deal with" or "handle".
    *   Let's check the provided list's mapping again.
    *   Sense 5: `address%2:34:00::` definition="address or apply oneself to something...".
    *   Sense 8: `address%2:32:04::` definition="act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" synonyms="cover, treat, handle, plow, deal".
    *   While Sense 8's definition mentions "verbally", its synonyms and examples extend it to "dealing with" a subject or problem. The phrase "addressing the problem" is standard usage for "dealing with" the problem.
    *   Sense 5 seems to focus on directing attention/effort.
    *   However, standard WSD systems often map "addressing a problem/issue" to the sense synonymous with "deal with".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 8: "deal". "Addressing the underlying causes" = "Dealing with the underlying causes". This is a very strong match. Even though the definition text provided for Sense 8 ("act on verbally...") seems slightly narrow for the general "deal with" meaning, the synonyms and examples provided explicitly support the "deal with / treat / handle" meaning.
    *   Sense 5 ("direct one's efforts towards") is also possible, but Sense 8 captures the "problem-solving/handling" aspect better via the synonym "deal".

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 8's definition text vs synonyms. "Act on verbally" implies speaking about it. But the examples "This book deals with..." suggests covering a topic. "Addressing underlying causes" implies taking action to fix them. Is that Sense 8 or Sense 5?
    *   If I say "We need to address this issue", I usually mean we need to deal with it.
    *   WordNet 3.1 often groups "deal with" under the sense containing "treat, handle".
    *   Let's look at Sense 5 again. "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question". This is often used for "address a problem".
    *   However, Sense 8's synonyms: "cover, treat, handle, plow, deal". "Deal" is the specific keyword often associated with "addressing a problem". "Handle" is also a keyword.
    *   In WordNet 3.0, `address` has a sense `address, cover, treat, handle, plow, deal` (WN 2:32:04). This is Sense 8 in the candidate list.
    *   The definition provided in the candidate list for Sense 8 is "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression". This specific wording might be misleading if taken literally only as "speech", but the examples and synonyms clearly map to "dealing with a topic".
    *   "Addressing the underlying causes" is semantically equivalent to "treating/handling the underlying causes". The verb "treat" is literally a synonym for Sense 8.
    *   Therefore, Sense 8 is the best fit despite the slightly weird definition text provided in the prompt (which often happens in WordNet where definitions can be schematic or narrower than the actual synset usage).

    *   Let's double check Sense 5. `address%2:34:00::`. Definition: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question". Synonyms: none listed in prompt (usually just `address`).
    *   If I have to choose between "direct efforts towards" (Sense 5) and "deal/handle/treat" (Sense 8), Sense 8's synonyms "treat" and "deal" match the medical context perfectly. You treat causes. You deal with problems. Sense 8 is the intended sense for "dealing with a subject/problem".

    *   Decision: Sense 8.
    *   Reasoning recap: The context involves medical treatment and managing a condition (underlying causes). The meaning is "to deal with" or "handle". Sense 8 has the synonyms "treat, handle, deal" which fit this usage perfectly. Sense 5 focuses on directing attention, while Sense 8 focuses on the interaction/action upon the subject matter (in this case, the causes).

4.  **Final check:**
    *   Sense 8: `address%2:32:04::` | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal.
    *   Usage: "addressing the underlying causes".
    *   Mapping: addressing -> dealing with / treating.
    *   Synonym match: deal, treat.
    *   Conclusion: Sense 8.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: underlying
Target surface form: underlying
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The text discusses a veterinary medicine called Cerenia, used for treating or preventing vomiting in dogs. The specific sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

2.  **Analyze the Target Word:** "underlying" modifies "causes". The phrase is "underlying causes".

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `implicit in, inherent` | Definition: "in the nature of something though not readily apparent".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense usually refers to abstract qualities, meanings, or flaws that are hidden or intrinsic but not obvious on the surface (e.g., "an underlying meaning," "underlying tension"). While medical causes can be hidden, this sense focuses more on the quality of being implicit or inherent in a concept/approach rather than being the foundational or root source of a symptom.

    *   **Sense 2:** `subjacent` | Definition: "located beneath or below".
        *   *Analysis:* This is the spatial sense. "Underlying rock," "underlying tissue." "Causes" are abstract, not physical objects located spatially beneath something else in this context. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3:** `fundamental, rudimentary` | Definition: "being or involving basic facts or principles".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense often applies to "causes." An "underlying cause" is the root cause, the fundamental reason, or the basic origin of a problem/symptom, as opposed to the symptom itself (vomiting). The context discusses treating the symptom (vomiting) while also addressing the *root* or *fundamental* reason for the illness. The synonyms "fundamental" fit well with "root cause." WordNet often groups "fundamental/basic" senses. Even though the specific example for Sense 3 in the prompt is "fundamental laws," the definition "being or involving basic facts or principles" captures the essence of a root cause (the basic fact behind the symptom).

    *   *Re-evaluating Sense 1 vs Sense 3:*
        *   Sense 1 ("implicit in", "inherent") suggests something inherent in the nature of the thing. Is the cause inherent in the vomiting? Not quite. The cause is the root source.
        *   Sense 3 ("fundamental") suggests the basic or foundational reason.
        *   Let's look at standard usage of "underlying cause". It means the fundamental or root cause.
        *   Let's check WordNet 3.1 or similar resources for "underlying".
            *   WN 3.0/3.1:
                *   adj 1: located beneath or below.
                *   adj 2: being or involving basic facts or principles ("underlying principles").
                *   adj 3: in the nature of something though not readily apparent ("an underlying meaning").
            *   Wait, the prompt's mapping:
                *   Sense 1: implicit in/inherent.
                *   Sense 2: located beneath.
                *   Sense 3: fundamental/basic.
        *   "Underlying cause" is a very common collocation. Does it mean "hidden/inherent" or "fundamental/basic"?
        *   Often, "underlying cause" implies a cause that is not immediately obvious (hidden), but primarily it is the *basis* of the problem.
        *   Let's look at the provided examples again.
            *   Sense 1 examples: "shortcomings inherent in our approach", "an underlying meaning". These fit "hidden/intrinsic".
            *   Sense 3 examples: "fundamental laws", "fundamental incompatibility". These fit "basic/root".
        *   Medical context: "The underlying cause of the disease." This is the root cause. It is the fundamental reason. While it is "under" the symptoms, it isn't "implicit in" the symptoms in the way "meaning" is implicit in a sentence.
        *   However, there is a nuance. Sometimes "underlying" implies "latent" or "hidden". But in "underlying cause", it is contrasted with "proximate cause" or "symptom". It is the deep, fundamental reason. This aligns better with Sense 3 ("basic facts or principles" -> fundamental).
        *   Let's consider Sense 1's definition: "in the nature of something though not readily apparent". A cause is "in the nature of" the vomiting? No. The vomiting is a result of the cause. The cause exists "under" the symptom metaphorically.
        *   Sense 3's definition: "being or involving basic facts or principles". The cause is the basic fact.
        *   Let's check if there is a specific "underlying cause" example in standard dictionaries. Merriam-Webster: "evident only on close inspection : implicit" vs "basic, fundamental". "Underlying cause" is listed under "basic, fundamental".
        *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice. It captures the "root/fundamental" aspect of the cause.

4.  **Conclusion:** The phrase "underlying causes" refers to the root or fundamental causes of the medical condition, distinct from the symptoms (vomiting) observed on the surface. This aligns with Sense 3 ("being or involving basic facts or principles" / "fundamental").

    *   Sense 1 is for things like "underlying theme", "underlying message".
    *   Sense 3 is for things like "underlying principle", "underlying cause", "underlying reason".

    The correct sense is Sense 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: causes
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying <t>causes</t> of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: | definition=events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something | examples=they are trying to determine the cause of the crash
2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=reason, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, crusade, drive, movement, effort | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace
4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: | definition=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results | synonyms=causal agent, causal agency
5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, case, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text is about a veterinary medicine called "Cerenia" used to treat or prevent vomiting in dogs.
    *   The target sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying <t>causes</t> of the vomiting."
    *   The phrase is "underlying causes of the vomiting".
    *   The context discusses medical conditions (vomiting) and the reasons behind them (the underlying causes).
    *   In a medical context, "causes" refers to the etiology or the specific reasons/agents/diseases responsible for the symptoms.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `cause%1:11:00::` | Definition: "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something". Example: "cause of the crash".
        *   Analysis: This fits well. It talks about the origin of something. Vomiting has an origin (a disease, a toxin, motion sickness, etc.). The example "cause of the crash" is analogous to "cause of the vomiting" (an event or condition leading to a result).

    *   **Sense 2:** `cause%1:10:00::` | Definition: "a justification for something existing or happening". Synonyms: reason, grounds. Example: "he had no cause to complain".
        *   Analysis: This sense usually relates to justification, grounds for action, or abstract reasoning (logic/argumentation), often used with human emotions or actions like "complain" or "rejoice". It doesn't quite fit the medical etiology of a symptom. "Underlying reason" works, but this sense emphasizes justification/grounds more than the physical origin.

    *   **Sense 3:** `cause%1:04:01::` | Definition: "a series of actions advancing a principle...". Synonyms: campaign, crusade.
        *   Analysis: This is a political or social movement sense. Completely wrong context.

    *   **Sense 4:** `cause%1:03:00::` | Definition: "any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results". Synonyms: causal agent, causal agency.
        *   Analysis: This is a very general, almost philosophical or scientific definition of cause. It encompasses agents, forces, etc. While medically relevant, let's compare it to Sense 1. Sense 1 specifies "events that provide the generative force". Sense 4 specifies "any entity". In medical contexts, we often talk about specific causes (events/conditions) like "parvovirus" (an entity) or "eating garbage" (an event).
        *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy (implicitly).
        *   Sense 1 is a specific type of event/phenomenon. "The cause of the crash".
        *   Sense 4 is "causal agent" or "causal agency". Is vomiting caused by an entity (agent) or an event? Often an underlying condition (disease).
        *   Sense 1 (event) vs Sense 4 (entity/agent). A disease is an entity/process. "Underlying causes" usually refers to specific pathologies or conditions.
        *   Let's check the examples again.
            *   Sense 1: "cause of the crash". "Crash" is an event. "Vomiting" is an event/symptom.
            *   Sense 4: No specific examples provided in the prompt, but synonyms are "causal agent".
        *   However, WordNet definitions can be tricky. Sense 1 (`1:11:00`) falls under `event`. Sense 4 (`1:03:00`) falls under `entity` -> `physical entity` -> `object` / `process`? Or `entity` -> `causal agent`.
        *   Usually, in medical texts describing "causes of a disease/symptom", we refer to the origin or source.
        *   If I say "The cause of the fire was arson," is that an event or an agent? Arson is an event/crime.
        *   "The cause of the vomiting was a virus." Virus is an entity (Sense 4?).
        *   "The cause of the vomiting was eating chocolate." Eating chocolate is an event (Sense 1?).
        *   "Underlying causes" is a general phrase. It covers diseases, conditions, etc.
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 4 more closely. Sense 1 is defined as "events that provide the generative force...". Sense 4 is "any entity that produces an effect...".
        *   In standard WSD benchmarks (like Senseval/SemCor), "cause" usually maps to Sense 1 when referring to the reason something happened (the 'why').
        *   Let's look at the definitions again. Sense 1: "events... origin of something". Sense 4: "entity... responsible for results".
        *   "Underlying causes" usually refers to the *reasons* or *origins* of the condition. While a virus is an entity, the medical concept of "etiology" aligns well with "origin".
        *   Let's check standard mappings. Often, "cause" in "cause of death", "cause of the accident", "cause of the problem" maps to Sense 1.
        *   Why? Because "cause" in these contexts is often viewed as the antecedent event or circumstance.
        *   Sense 4 is often reserved for specific "agents" (like a pathogen in a very technical sense, or a person forcing something).
        *   However, the prompt definition for Sense 1 specifically mentions "events". Is a disease an event? No, it's a state/condition. Is vomiting an event? Yes.
        *   But let's look at the "crash" example. The crash is the result. The cause is the event.
        *   In the medical context: Vomiting is the result. The cause is the disease.
        *   Is the disease an event or an entity? Or a state?
        *   Actually, Sense 1 is the most common sense used for "reason/origin" in general contexts.
        *   Let's look at the hypernyms.
        *   Sense 1 (`cause%1:11:00`) is a hyponym of `event` (wn:1:11:00:: in some versions).
        *   Sense 4 (`cause%1:03:00`) is a hyponym of `entity`.
        *   "Underlying causes" is a plural noun phrase.
        *   If we look at how WordNet organizes this:
            *   1. cause, reason, grounds -- (a justification for something existing or happening)
            *   2. cause -- (events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something...)
            *   3. cause, causal agent, causal agency -- (any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results)
        *   Note: The prompt has numbered them differently.
            *   Prompt 1: events... origin. (Matches WordNet "The cause of the crash")
            *   Prompt 4: entity... causal agent.
        *   In the sentence "addressing the underlying causes", we are looking for the origin of the vomiting.
        *   Most WSD systems map "cause of [symptom/problem]" to Sense 1 (The 'origin' sense).
        *   Let's double check Sense 4. If the cause is a specific bacterium, it's an entity. But "causes" encompasses the complex set of factors (eating something bad, viral infection, stress). These are often viewed as events or circumstances leading to the result.
        *   Crucially, Sense 1's example "cause of the crash" is very similar structurally to "cause of the vomiting". Both look for the generative force behind an occurrence.
        *   Sense 4 is "causal agent". "Underlying causes" sounds more like "reasons/origins" than "agents". We don't usually say "The underlying causal agents of the vomiting" in this register; we say "underlying causes" meaning the origins/reasons.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit over Sense 4 because it captures the 'origin' aspect which fits "underlying" better than the strict 'agent' definition. "Underlying" implies a deep-seated origin or root, which aligns with "generative force that is the origin of something".

    *   **Refining the choice between 1 and 4:**
        *   Sense 1: "events that provide the generative force...".
        *   Sense 4: "any entity...".
        *   A "cause" of a disease is technically an etiology. Etiology includes agents (entities) but also mechanisms (processes).
        *   However, WordNet examples for Sense 1 usually cover the standard usage like "cause of the crash", "cause of the accident".
        *   Sense 4 is defined as "causal agent".
        *   If I check SemCor annotations for "cause":
            *   "The death of the prosecutor was the cause of the riots." -> Event (Sense 1).
            *   "The cause of the fire." -> Sense 1.
        *   In the phrase "underlying causes", we are talking about the medical reasons.
        *   Is a medical reason an event? "He ate poison." (Event). "He has a virus." (Entity).
        *   But in English usage, the "cause" is treated as the abstract origin.
        *   Sense 1 is the most prototypical sense for "cause" when it refers to "the thing that caused X".
        *   Sense 4 is more technical/specific ("causal agency").
        *   The definition for Sense 1 "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something" is the standard definition for the common noun "cause" in "cause and effect".
        *   The definition for Sense 4 is "causal agent".
        *   "Underlying causes" is a standard collocation referring to the origins.
        *   I will select Sense 1. The text discusses the "origin" of the vomiting (generative force), fitting the gloss perfectly.

3.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: "underlying causes of the vomiting".
    *   Gloss 1: "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something".
    *   Gloss 4: "any entity that produces an effect... causal agent".
    *   While a specific cause might be an entity (virus), the *concept* of "underlying causes" in medical diagnosis refers to the origins/reasons. Sense 1 captures the "origin" aspect. Sense 1's example "cause of the crash" matches the syntactic frame "cause of [noun]". Sense 4 is usually "causal agent".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Wait, let me double check the "event" constraint in Sense 1.
    Is "cause" in "cause of the crash" an event? "Brake failure" (event/state). "Driver error" (event).
    Is "cause" in "cause of the vomiting" an event? "Infection" (process/event). "Poisoning" (event).
    It seems robust enough. Sense 4 is usually reserved for specific "agents" (like "bacteria are a cause of disease" - here bacteria is the cause, acting as the agent). But in "underlying causes", we are abstract. We are talking about the *why*. Sense 1 is the primary sense for "origin".

    Let's look at the indices provided in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: (origin/event)
    2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: (justification/grounds)
    3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: (campaign)
    4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: (entity/agent)
    5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00:: (lawsuit)

    Selection: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the <t>risk</t> associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Context sentence: "What is the risk associated with Cerenia?"
    *   Subsequent text: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..."
    *   Subject matter: Veterinary medicine, side effects, safety profile of a drug (Cerenia).
    *   Meaning of "risk" here: The question asks about the potential negative outcomes, dangers, or side effects associated with using the drug. The answer describes the safety profile ("well tolerated"), implying the "risk" refers to the possibility of adverse effects or danger.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `risk%1:26:00::` | definition: a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms: hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples: drinking alcohol is a health hazard.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense focuses on "risk" as a source of danger or the abstract possibility of misfortune. In medical contexts, "risk" usually refers to the possibility of side effects or harm. "What is the risk associated with Cerenia?" asks about the potential for harm/danger. This fits well.

    *   **Sense 2:** `risk%2:33:00::` (Wait, the provided list says `risk%1:04:00::` which is usually a noun classification in WordNet).
        *   Let's look at Sense 2 provided: `risk%1:04:00::` | definition: a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms: peril, danger | examples: he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime...
        *   *Analysis:* This sense refers to a specific undertaking or venture (like a business risk or a gamble). "Cerenia" is not a venture or a gamble in this context; it's a medication. The question isn't asking about the "venture" of taking the drug, but the inherent danger/side effects. This doesn't fit.

    *   **Sense 3:** `risk%1:07:02::` | definition: the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms: risk of infection.
        *   *Analysis:* This is a highly specific medical/epidemiological sense regarding infection. The context is about a drug's side effects/vomiting, not infectious agents. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `risk%1:07:01::` | definition: the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms: risk of exposure.
        *   *Analysis:* Similar to Sense 3, this is specific to exposure to infectious agents. The context is about a drug's safety. This is incorrect.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 (the plausible noun senses):**
    *   Sense 1 defines risk as a "source of danger" or "possibility of incurring loss or misfortune". Example: "drinking alcohol is a health hazard".
    *   Sense 2 defines risk as a "venture undertaken". Example: "risks of crime".
    *   The question "What is the risk associated with Cerenia?" asks about the *hazard* or *danger* inherent in the drug. The response talks about tolerance and dosages, which are factors of safety/hazard.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 captures the meaning of "potential for harm" or "hazard".

4.  **Final Selection:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice. It aligns with the general meaning of "risk" in medical/pharmaceutical contexts (adverse effects, danger).

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generally
Target surface form: generally
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was <t>generally</t> well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generally%4:02:02:: | definition=usually; as a rule | synonyms=by and large, more often than not, mostly | examples=by and large it doesn't rain much here
2. sense_key=generally%4:02:01:: | definition=without distinction of one from others | synonyms=in general, in the main | examples=he is interested in snakes in general
3. sense_key=generally%4:02:00:: | definition=without regard to specific details or exceptions | synonyms=broadly, loosely, broadly speaking | examples=he interprets the law broadly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: `generally`
    *   Context sentence: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time..."
    *   Meaning in context: The sentence says that "Cerenia was generally well tolerated". This implies that in most cases or typically, the drug was tolerated well. It suggests a high frequency of tolerance, though not necessarily absolute universal tolerance without exception. It modifies the adjective phrase "well tolerated".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `generally%4:02:02::`
        *   Definition: "usually; as a rule"
        *   Synonyms: "by and large, more often than not, mostly"
        *   Examples: "by and large it doesn't rain much here"
        *   Analysis: This sense deals with frequency or typicality. "Cerenia was usually well tolerated" fits perfectly. It means that for the most part, it was safe/tolerated. The synonym "mostly" aligns well with the idea that it was tolerated in most subjects or most of the time.

    *   **Sense 2**: `generally%4:02:01::`
        *   Definition: "without distinction of one from others"
        *   Synonyms: "in general, in the main"
        *   Examples: "he is interested in snakes in general"
        *   Analysis: This sense deals with inclusivity or the collective whole (referring to a class of things rather than specifics). "Cerenia was well tolerated without distinction" doesn't quite fit the nuance of a clinical trial result describing safety profile frequency. "Generally" here isn't about the class of "tolerated things" but about the frequency/typicality of the reaction.

    *   **Sense 3**: `generally%4:02:00::`
        *   Definition: "without regard to specific details or exceptions"
        *   Synonyms: "broadly, loosely, broadly speaking"
        *   Examples: "he interprets the law broadly"
        *   Analysis: This sense implies imprecision or a lack of focus on details. "Cerenia was broadly speaking well tolerated" is possible, but in medical contexts, "generally" usually refers to the frequency of the outcome (it happened in most cases) rather than a loose interpretation of the results. However, Sense 1 ("usually") is much more precise for safety profiles. If something is "generally well tolerated", it means most subjects tolerated it well (Sense 1), not that we are ignoring specific bad reactions to make a broad generalization (Sense 3).

3.  **Compare and Select**:
    *   The sentence describes the safety profile of a drug. "It was generally well tolerated" is a standard phrase meaning "In most cases, it was tolerated well" or "It was mostly safe".
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: "by and large", "mostly". "Cerenia was mostly well tolerated."
    *   Sense 3 synonyms: "broadly". "Cerenia was broadly well tolerated." (Less idiomatic for frequency of outcomes).
    *   Sense 1 definition "usually; as a rule" matches the intended meaning that the tolerance was the typical outcome.

4.  **Final Decision**: Sense 1 is the correct choice. It indicates frequency/typicality ("usually"), which fits the context of a drug safety summary ("generally well tolerated").

5.  **Format Output**:
    *   Return JSON: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally <t>well</t> tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "well" in the context: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily..."

"well tolerated" means the medicine was tolerated in a good or satisfactory manner, without causing significant adverse effects.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. well%4:02:00:: - (often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard. Examples: the children behaved well; a task well done.
2. well%4:02:05:: - thoroughly or completely; fully. Examples: The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. well%4:02:03:: - indicating high probability. Examples: I might well do it
4. well%4:02:15:: - entirely or fully. Examples: a book well worth reading
5. well%4:02:08:: - to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree. Examples: the project was well underway
6. well%4:02:07:: - favorably; with approval. Examples: their neighbors spoke well of them
7. well%4:02:11:: - to a great extent or degree. Examples: well over budget
8. well%4:02:14:: - with great or especially intimate knowledge.
9. well%4:02:13:: - with prudence or propriety.
10. well%4:02:12:: - with skill or in a pleasing manner.
11. well%4:02:10:: - in a manner affording benefit or advantage.
12. well%4:02:09:: - in financial comfort.
13. well%4:02:01:: - without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor. Examples: took the joke well.

"well tolerated" means tolerated in a good or satisfactory manner.
Sense 1 is "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard".
Sense 6 is "favorably; with approval".
Sense 5 is "to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree" (like "well underway").

"well tolerated" in medical contexts means the body handles the drug without severe side effects, i.e., in a good or satisfactory manner. "Tolerated well" = "tolerated in a satisfactory manner".
Let's check sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard". Examples: "behaved well", "task well done". "Well tolerated" fits perfectly here.

Could it be Sense 5? "to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree" - "well underway", "well developed". "Well tolerated" could mean "tolerated to a satisfactory degree", but usually "well" in "well tolerated" modifies the verb "tolerate" to mean "tolerate in a good/satisfactory manner", not just "tolerated to an appropriate extent".

Sense 6: "favorably; with approval". "Spoke well of them". "Thought well of the book". Doesn't fit "tolerated".

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well')" | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done.
Yes, "well tolerated" means the drug was received by the body in a satisfactory manner (few side effects). So Sense 1 is the right one.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tolerate
Target surface form: tolerated
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well <t>tolerated</t> when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tolerate%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
2. sense_key=tolerate%2:41:01:: | definition=recognize and respect (rights and beliefs of others) | examples=We must tolerate the religions of others
3. sense_key=tolerate%2:39:00:: | definition=have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition | examples=The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs we gave him
4. sense_key=tolerate%2:32:01:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=allow, permit | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "tolerated" in a specific context.

**Context:**
"The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo... Cerenia was generally well <t>tolerated</t> when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..."

**Analysis:**
1.  **Context**: The text is discussing a veterinary medicine called Cerenia. Specifically, it mentions how the body (specifically dogs in this case, though implied generally for the drug) reacts to the drug. The phrase "well tolerated" in medical contexts refers to the absence of adverse side effects or the ability of the organism to handle the substance without negative reactions.

2.  **Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1**: "put up with something or somebody unpleasant". Synonyms: digest, endure, stick out... Examples: bear criticism.
        *   *Fit*: While taking medicine can be unpleasant, "tolerated" here doesn't mean "enduring criticism". It has a specific physiological connotation. However, in general English, "tolerate" often means "endure". But medical contexts usually shift to Sense 3.
    *   **Sense 2**: "recognize and respect (rights and beliefs of others)".
        *   *Fit*: This is about social tolerance (religion, beliefs). Completely wrong context.
    *   **Sense 3**: "have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition". Example: "The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs..."
        *   *Fit*: This fits perfectly. The text discusses a drug (Cerenia), dosages, and the physiological reaction (well tolerated). "Well tolerated" is standard medical terminology for a drug not causing harmful side effects.
    *   **Sense 4**: "allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting". Synonyms: allow, permit.
        *   *Fit*: This is about permission (allowing dogs, permitting children). Not applicable to a physiological reaction to a drug.

**Conclusion:**
The context is medical/pharmaceutical. The phrase "well tolerated" refers to the physiological capacity to handle the drug without adverse effects. Sense 3 explicitly mentions "have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug" and the example mentions a patient tolerating drugs. This is the correct sense.

**Selection:** Sense 3.

**Format:**
The user wants a JSON object: {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administered
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when <t>administered</t> daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context**:
    *   Target lemma: *administer*
    *   Target surface form: *administered*
    *   Context: The text is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia. It discusses how the medicine is given to dogs (injections, tablets). The specific sentence containing the target is: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when *administered* daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..."
    *   Meaning in context: The text describes the act of giving a medication to a subject (a dog). The context mentions "dosages", "medicine", "tablet", "treatment".

2.  **Evaluate candidate senses**:
    *   Sense 1: "work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of". (Examples: administer a program). This relates to management or bureaucracy, not giving medicine.
    *   Sense 2: "perform (a church sacrament) ritually". (Examples: administer the last unction). This is religious context. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "administer or bestow, as in small portions". (Synonyms: distribute, mete out). (Examples: administer critical remarks). This refers to distributing something abstract or physical items in portions, but usually implies judgment or allocation (meting out justice/criticism). While medicine is given in doses, this sense usually leans towards "distribution" or "dealing out" rather than the specific act of application/giving a remedy.
    *   Sense 4: "give or apply (medications)". (Synonyms: dispense). (No specific example listed, but definition matches perfectly). This sense specifically defines the action of giving medicine. The context is explicitly about giving Cerenia (medicine) at specific dosages.
    *   Sense 5: "direct the taking of". (Examples: administer an exam; administer an oath). This refers to overseeing a process like a test. Not applicable.

3.  **Compare context with senses**:
    *   The context is medical/veterinary.
    *   The action is giving a drug to a dog.
    *   Sense 4 definition explicitly mentions "(medications)".
    *   Sense 3 involves "distribute/dispense" but often in the sense of allocation (doling out money/remarks). Sense 4 is the specific medical sense.
    *   Looking at the definitions provided:
        *   Sense 1: Administrative/Managerial. (Mismatch).
        *   Sense 2: Religious. (Mismatch).
        *   Sense 3: Distribute/Bestow portions. (Close, but Sense 4 is more specific).
        *   Sense 4: Give/apply medications. (Exact match).
        *   Sense 5: Direct/Supervise (exam/oath). (Mismatch).

4.  **Select the best sense**:
    *   The definition "give or apply (medications)" fits the context of administering Cerenia to a dog perfectly.
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format the output**:
    *   JSON format: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: daily
Target surface form: daily
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered <t>daily</t> at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=daily%4:02:00:: | definition=every day; without missing a day | examples=he stops by daily
2. sense_key=daily%4:02:01:: | definition=gradually and progressively | synonyms=day by day | examples=his health weakened day by day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered *daily* at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..."
    *   Subject: Cerenia (a medicine).
    *   Action: Administering the medicine.
    *   Frequency: "daily".
    *   Duration: "for an extended period of time".
    *   Meaning in context: The medicine is given every single day without missing a day during the treatment period.

2.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "every day; without missing a day".
    *   Examples: "he stops by daily".
    *   Match: This matches the frequency of administration described in the text. "Administered daily" means the dog gets the shot or tablet every day.

3.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "gradually and progressively".
    *   Synonyms: "day by day".
    *   Examples: "his health weakened day by day".
    *   Match: This sense describes a process changing over time (progressive aspect). The context is about the *frequency* of an action (administering medicine), not a gradual change happening *because* of the days passing. While the study lasted an "extended period of time," the word "daily" modifies "administered," indicating *when* it happens, not how a condition changes. You don't "administer gradually and progressively" in this context; you administer *on a daily basis*.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Sense 1 fits the standard adverbial usage of "daily" meaning "occurring every day".
    *   Sense 2 fits the phrase "day by day" or implies a slow progression. The context does not support a progressive meaning.

5.  **Determine the Index:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

6.  **Final Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct choice.

7.  **Format Output:** JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dosage
Target surface form: dosages
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at <t>dosages</t> up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dosage%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dose
2. sense_key=dosage%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "dosage" (plural "dosages").
2.  **Analyze the context:** The text discusses a veterinary medicine called Cerenia. It talks about efficacy, administration methods (injection vs. tablets), and safety/tolerability. Specifically, the target sentence is: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at **dosages** up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time..."
3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `dosage%1:23:00::` | Definition: "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time" | Synonyms: `dose`.
    *   Sense 2: `dosage%1:06:00::` | Definition: "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" | Synonyms: `dose`.
4.  **Differentiate the senses:**
    *   Both senses share the synonym "dose".
    *   Sense 1 (1:23:00) falls under the noun hierarchy related to "amount/quantity" (often associated with substance or radiation). It emphasizes the *quantity of an active agent*.
    *   Sense 2 (1:06:00) falls under the noun hierarchy related to "medicine/artifact". It emphasizes a *measured portion of medicine*.
    *   In standard WordNet (3.0/3.1), "dosage" is often defined similarly to "dose". Let's look at the specific nuances.
    *   Sense 1 (`1:23:00`) refers to the general quantity of an agent. The domain (substance or radiation) is broad.
    *   Sense 2 (`1:06:00`) refers specifically to a "measured portion of medicine".
5.  **Apply context to the senses:**
    *   The context is explicitly about "Cerenia" (a medicine).
    *   The sentence says "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses".
    *   Is "dosage" referring to the abstract quantity of active agent, or the specific measured administration of medicine?
    *   In pharmacology, "dosage" usually refers to the regulation or determination of the size, frequency, and number of doses, but often acts as a synonym for the amount administered (dose).
    *   Looking at the WordNet definitions provided:
        *   Sense 1: "quantity of an active agent... taken... at any one time".
        *   Sense 2: "measured portion of medicine... taken... at any one time".
    *   The distinction is subtle. "Dosage" in the text refers to "5 times the recommended doses". It talks about the *amount* of the medicine Cerenia.
    *   Sense 1 mentions "active agent (substance or radiation)". Cerenia is a medicine containing an active agent (maropitant). The context mentions "administered daily at dosages...".
    *   Sense 2 is strictly "measured portion of medicine".
    *   Usually, in WordNet structure, `1:23:00` (part of the `quantity` hierarchy) is often the general "dose" sense, whereas `1:06:00` (part of the `medicine` hierarchy) might be considered the specific unit sense. However, checking standard mappings and usage:
        *   Often, the "dose" entry in WordNet has similar splits.
        *   Let's look at the hierarchy codes. `1:23` usually points to `noun.quantity`. `1:06` usually points to `noun.artifact` or `noun.phenomenon` or `noun.act` (depending on the specific version, usually `noun.artifact` for medicine).
        *   The phrase "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times..." refers to the *quantity* of the substance being given.
    *   Let's compare the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: quantity of active agent.
        *   Sense 2: measured portion of medicine.
    *   "Dosage" implies the *administration* of a dose. In the text, "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses" equates dosage with the amount (quantity).
    *   Common usage analysis: "Dosage" often implies the *regimen* or the *amount* determined. Here, it acts as a count noun ("at dosages").
    *   Is Cerenia a "measured portion of medicine" or a "quantity of active agent"? It is both.
    *   However, Sense 1 mentions "substance or radiation", which is a scientific/broad categorization. Sense 2 is "medicine".
    *   The context is a veterinary medical text.
    *   Let's look at how WordNet distinguishes these.
    *   In WordNet 3.0:
        *   `dose` (noun) has senses:
            *   `1:06:00` (noun.artifact): a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time.
            *   `1:23:00` (noun.quantity): the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time.
    *   "Dosage" maps to these.
    *   Context: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated... at dosages...".
    *   "Dosage" is often defined as the determination of the size/frequency of doses, but here it is used synonymously with "dose" (amount).
    *   Which is the *best* fit?
    *   Sense 2 (`1:06:00`) fits "medicine" specifically. Cerenia is a medicine. "Measured portion of medicine" describes the tablet or injection amount.
    *   Sense 1 (`1:23:00`) fits the *quantity* aspect specifically. "Quantity of active agent".
    *   The sentence discusses "5 times the recommended doses". "Dose" here refers to the specific amount.
    *   Often, the `noun.quantity` sense (Sense 1) is preferred in scientific contexts when discussing the *amount* of substance relative to toxicity or efficacy (e.g., "lethal dose", "radiation dosage"). The text discusses "risk associated" and "well tolerated", which are properties related to the quantity of the active agent rather than the pill form itself.
    *   Conversely, the text mentions "administer the tablets". This leans towards the artifact/medicine sense.
    *   However, "dosage" refers to the *strength* or *amount* scale here ("up to 5 times"). This is a scalar quantity issue.
    *   Let's look for similar WSD tasks or conventions. Usually, if the context emphasizes the *magnitude* or *amount* (5 times higher), the `noun.quantity` sense is strong.
    *   But the definition of Sense 2 "measured portion of medicine" is also about the amount.
    *   Let's check the semantic domain. `1:23:00` is `noun.quantity`. `1:06:00` is `noun.artifact`.
    *   A "dosage" of 5 times is a *quantity*. It is not a distinct *artifact* type. It describes the extent of the medicine.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (`noun.quantity`) seems slightly more appropriate for "dosage" defined as the *amount/quantity* taken, especially when discussing tolerance limits (which are functions of the quantity of active agent).
    *   Let's reconsider Sense 2. Is a "dosage" a "measured portion"? Yes. Is "Cerenia" a medicine? Yes. Does "dosage" mean "dose" here? Yes.
    *   Many WSD systems map "dosage" in medical texts to the quantity sense when discussing levels (high dosage, low dosage), but to the artifact sense when counting (one dosage, two dosages - though usually dose is used for count).
    *   The text uses plural "dosages".
    *   Sense 1 Definition: "quantity of an active agent...".
    *   Sense 2 Definition: "measured portion of medicine...".
    *   The text deals with "active agent" (Cerenia/maropitant) and its "risk" and "tolerability". These are properties derived from the *quantity* of the agent (Sense 1).
    *   If I say "Take your medicine" -> Sense 2 (Artifact).
    *   If I say "The dosage was toxic" -> Sense 1 (Quantity).
    *   Here: "well tolerated ... at dosages up to 5 times...". This is about the tolerance of the *quantity*. The risk is associated with the amount.
    *   Therefore, the aspect of *quantity* (Sense 1) seems dominant over the aspect of the *medicine portion as an object* (Sense 2).
    *   Let's double check the "active agent" phrase. Cerenia is the medicine, but the active agent is inside it. The definition "quantity of an active agent" is very precise for pharmacological contexts discussing toxicity and limits.
    *   Sense 2's definition "measured portion of medicine" sounds more like the physical tablet/injection event or object.
    *   Because the context discusses the *level* of administration ("up to 5 times") and physiological reaction ("well tolerated"), it emphasizes the quantitative aspect.

    *   Decision: Sense 1 (`noun.quantity`) captures the scientific measurement of the agent's amount relevant to tolerance/risk better than Sense 2 (`noun.artifact`/`medicine`).

    *   Let's verify if `dosage` is typically `1:23:00` or `1:06:00` in WordNet.
    *   In WordNet 3.1:
        *   `dosage` n.
        *   1. dose -- the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time. (This corresponds to `1:23:00` based on the hierarchy code typically used for quantities).
    *   Wait, let me check the indices carefully.
        *   `1:23` usually corresponds to `noun.Tops` or `noun.quantity`.
        *   `1:06` usually corresponds to `noun.act` or `noun.artifact` or `noun.cognition`.
        *   Standard WordNet listings for "dosage":
            *   Often lists the "quantity" sense first or exclusively.
            *   Let's assume the provided candidate list has specific indices.
            *   Index 1: `dosage%1:23:00::` (Quantity).
            *   Index 2: `dosage%1:06:00::` (Medicine portion).

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2. "measured portion of medicine".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1. "quantity of an active agent".
    *   Text: "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses".
    *   The usage is "at dosages". We measure quantities "at" certain levels. We administer medicine "in" portions.
    *   "At a dosage of 5mg" implies quantity.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the stronger linguistic fit for "at [value] dosages".

    *   One potential trap: WordNet sometimes defaults "medicine" words to the `noun.artifact`/`noun.act` senses. However, the `noun.quantity` sense is distinct and clearly defined here.
    *   Also, "dosage" is distinct from "dose" in general English (dosage = regimen/determination, dose = specific amount). WordNet definitions here treat them as synonyms.
    *   Given "active agent" (Sense 1) vs "medicine" (Sense 2).
    *   The text is a technical/scientific summary. "Active agent" is the more technical description of what is being quantified for tolerance.
    *   I will select Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: doses
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended <t>doses</t> for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine for dogs (veterinary context).
    *   It mentions "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended <t>doses</t>".
    *   The target word is "doses" (plural noun).
    *   The context clearly relates to medication, treatment, tablets, and injections for a medical condition (vomiting).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* `dose%1:06:00::` | Definition: "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" | Synonyms: dosage.
        *   This fits the medical/veterinary context. "Recommended doses" refers to the specific amounts of the drug (Cerenia) to be given.
    *   *Sense 2:* `dose%1:23:00::` | Definition: "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time" | Synonyms: dosage.
        *   This is a broader definition (hypernym of sense 1 in a way, or specific to physics/toxicology). While medicine is an active agent, Sense 1 is specifically tagged for "medicine". The context mentions "medicine" explicitly ("gives the medicine", "Cerenia was..."). Sense 1 is more specific to the domain of medicine. Sense 2 is often used in contexts of radiation (radiation dose) or toxicology, though it can apply to drugs generally. However, WordNet often distinguishes between the specific medical sense and the general agent sense. Let's look at the hierarchy or usual usage.
        *   Sense 1 (noun.cognition? No, noun.artifact? noun.quantity?): In WordNet, `dose%1:06:00` falls under `measure, quantity`. `dose%1:23:00` falls under `amount, measure, quantity` (specifically under `definite_quantity` -> `dose`).
        *   Let's check the definition nuances. Sense 1: "measured portion of medicine". Sense 2: "quantity of an active agent".
        *   The text is about "Cerenia", which is a medicine. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "medicine". Sense 2 is broader. Usually, when the context is explicitly medical treatment (tablets, injections), Sense 1 is the standard assignment in WSD tasks.
    *   *Sense 3:* `dose%1:26:00::` | Definition: "a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse..." | Synonyms: VD, etc.
        *   This is clearly incorrect. The context is about a drug given to dogs.
    *   *Sense 4:* `dose%1:06:01::` | Definition: "street name for lysergic acid diethylamide" | Synonyms: acid, etc.
        *   This refers to LSD. Incorrect context.

3.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Choice is between Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    *   Context: "recommended doses" of "Cerenia" (medicine).
    *   Sense 1 Definition: "a measured portion of medicine".
    *   Sense 2 Definition: "the quantity of an active agent".
    *   Both fit, but Sense 1 is the specific "medicine" sense. In WordNet annotation guidelines (and standard WSD), if a specific domain sense exists (medicine), it is preferred over a general agent sense unless the context suggests radiation or non-medical absorption.
    *   The sentence mentions "medicine" multiple times.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most precise fit.

4.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

    *Let's double check the index numbering.*
    Candidate senses list:
    1. dose%1:06:00:: (medicine)
    2. dose%1:23:00:: (active agent)
    3. dose%1:26:00:: (disease)
    4. dose%1:06:01:: (LSD)

    The target word "doses" refers to the amount of medicine administered. Sense 1 defines it as a "measured portion of medicine". This is the exact match.

    Index: 1.

provider: DigitalOcean