[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence containing the target word is: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."
    *   The phrase is "in the country".
    *   The context talks about Britain, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, and "The Ringing World".
    *   The sentence compares the "Ancient Society of College Youths" to other groups within a specific geopolitical entity.
    *   The mention of "Britain's most prestigious churches" and "This being Britain" confirms the location is a specific nation-state (Great Britain/UK).
    *   The phrase "oldest ... in the country" usually implies a ranking within a political or territorial unit defined by borders, not just "rural areas".

2.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `country%1:14:00::` | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the political entity or the state. "Oldest group in the state/nation" fits well.

    *   **Sense 2:** `country%1:15:00::` | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land.
        *   *Analysis:* This refers to the geographical territory. "Oldest group in the territory" also fits. The distinction between Sense 1 (political body) and Sense 2 (territory) can be subtle. In the phrase "in the country", one often refers to the geopolitical entity as a whole (people + territory + government). WordNet sometimes distinguishes "state/nation" (Sense 1) from "territory" (Sense 2).
        *   Let's look at the examples. Sense 1 example: "African nations". Sense 2 example: "he visited several European countries".
        *   The phrase "in the country" usually implies "within the borders of the nation". Is it referring to the people/government (Sense 1) or the territory (Sense 2)?
        *   Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country..." implies a scope of existence within the boundaries of Britain.
        *   Often, Sense 1 (nation/state) is used for political contexts or when referring to the collective body of people/government. Sense 2 is the physical land.
        *   However, "country" is most commonly synonymous with "nation" or "state" in this specific construction ("in the country"). Let's check the specific definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: "politically organized body of people".
        *   Sense 2: "territory occupied by a nation".
        *   Usually, when we say "something is the X in the country", we are referring to the geopolitical entity. Is it the people or the land? It's a bit abstract. But let's look at Sense 3.

    *   **Sense 3:** `country%1:14:01::` | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land.
        *   *Analysis:* Example: "sums up the nation's mood". Here, we are talking about a specific group (the Society). It's not about the mood of the people, but the existence of the group within the nation's borders or jurisdiction.

    *   **Sense 4:** `country%1:15:01::` | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area.
        *   *Analysis:* Does "country" mean "rural area" here? "The oldest bell-ringing group in the rural area..."? No. The context mentions inner-city churches and St. Paul's Cathedral. The society is the oldest in the *entire nation*, not just the countryside. The contrast between "rural parishes and inner-city churches" earlier in the text actually sets up the scope of the problem, but the Society is the oldest in the whole geopolitical entity.

    *   **Sense 5:** `country%1:15:02::` | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary... | synonyms=area.
        *   *Analysis:* Example: "Bible country". This is for specific regions like "oil country". Not applicable here.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 is defined as "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (Synonyms: state, nation).
    *   Sense 2 is defined as "the territory occupied by a nation" (Synonyms: state, land).
    *   In common usage, "the oldest group in the country" blends these. However, if we must be fine-grained:
        *   Is the group the oldest within the *territory*? Yes.
        *   Is the group the oldest within the *political body*? Yes.
        *   Let's look at the examples provided in WordNet for guidance.
        *   Sense 1 examples: "the state has elected a new president", "African nations". These refer to the political units.
        *   Sense 2 examples: "he returned to the land of his birth", "he visited several European countries". These refer to visiting/being in the physical location/territory.
    *   The sentence says "in the country". This prepositional phrase strongly suggests location/territory (Sense 2).
    *   If the sentence were "The country voted for the new policy", it would be Sense 1 (the people/political body) or Sense 3 (the people).
    *   Since the society exists *in* the country (locative), Sense 2 (territory occupied by a nation) seems slightly more appropriate strictly speaking, but often WordNet mappings for "country" in the phrase "in the country" lean towards the general geopolitical concept (Sense 1 or 2).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2 common tagging practices. Often, Sense 1 is the "default" for "nation-state" concept. Sense 2 is specifically the tract of land.
    *   Does "in the country" mean "within the borders" (Sense 2) or "within the state" (Sense 1)?
    *   Let's look at the phrase "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country". This is a superlative claim within a geopolitical scope.
    *   Let's compare with Sense 1's synonyms: "state, nation, land, commonwealth". Sense 2's synonyms: "state, land". Sense 1 includes "nation" and "commonwealth".
    *   If I substitute: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the nation." (Fits). "The oldest bell-ringing group in the state." (Fits). "The oldest bell-ringing group in the land." (Fits).
    *   If I look at Sense 3 (people): "The oldest group in the people..." (Doesn't fit).
    *   If I look at Sense 4 (rural): "The oldest group in the rural area..." (Doesn't fit the context of a national organization based in London).

    *   Decision between 1 and 2:
        *   Context: "This being Britain... Britain's most prestigious churches".
        *   The entity is the nation of Britain.
        *   "In the country" is a spatial/temporal locator.
        *   WordNet 3.0/3.1 distinctions:
            *   1:14:00 is the "State/Nation" (political entity).
            *   1:15:00 is the "Territory" (geographical entity).
        *   While "in the country" involves location, the noun "country" here refers to the entity itself (Britain). Is Britain primarily a political body or a territory in this context?
        *   Usually, when referring to a specific country like Britain, which is a sovereign state, Sense 1 (politically organized body... government) is the core definition of the entity. Sense 2 is the specific land mass.
        *   Often, lexicographers tag "country" referring to the nation-state (like Britain, France, etc.) as Sense 1. Sense 2 is often used for "he traveled across the country" (distance/terrain) or "the geography of the country".
        *   However, looking at Sense 2's definition "the territory occupied by a nation", if you say "I live in the country", you are in the territory.
        *   Let's look at Sense 1's definition again: "a politically organized body of people...".
        *   Let's look at Sense 2's definition again: "the territory occupied by a nation".
        *   "The oldest group in the country" -> The group resides within the sovereign entity.
        *   Actually, many WSD systems and guidelines treat Sense 1 as the primary "Nation/Country" sense. Sense 2 is often redundant or specific to the physical terrain in fine-grained distinctions, OR Sense 1 is the political unit and Sense 2 is the land.
        *   Let's check the examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "The state has elected..." (Action by the entity).
        *   Sense 2: "He returned to the land..." (Location).
        *   "In the country" is locative. This points to Sense 2 (Territory).
        *   However, "The oldest group in the country" establishes the group's relation to the *entity* of the nation.
        *   Let's consider the phrase "in the country" as an idiom meaning "nationally".
        *   If I say "He is the best player in the country", I mean in the nation.
        *   Is the "nation" Sense 1 or Sense 3? Sense 3 is explicitly "the people". "Best player among the people" (Sense 3). "Best player within the territory" (Sense 2). "Best player within the state" (Sense 1).
        *   Usually, Sense 1 is the top-level synset for "country" = "nation, state". It acts as the general hypernym.
        *   Sense 2 (territory) is a specific aspect.
        *   Let's look at the specific text "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country...".
        *   It defines the scope of the group's age/prestige.
        *   It refers to the nation of Britain.
        *   Britain is a "politically organized body of people under a single government" (Sense 1).
        *   Britain is also "the territory occupied by a nation" (Sense 2).
        *   Which is the intended meaning?
        *   Usually, proper names of countries (Britain) instantiate Sense 1 (the state). When we say "in Britain", we mean within that state.
        *   Therefore, "in the country" (referring to Britain) refers to the state entity.
        *   Let's try to find a reason to choose Sense 2. "In the country" = "Within the borders". If the text were about geography, Sense 2 would be certain. Here it's about a society's existence within the nation.
        *   Standard WSD practice often favors the "State/Nation" sense (Sense 1) over the "Territory" sense (Sense 2) when referring to the country as an entity of administration or social scope, unless the context emphasizes geography or landscape.
        *   The context is about a society, male/female inclusion, lawsuits, and churches. These are social/political constructs. Therefore, the "politically organized body" (Sense 1) seems more relevant than the "territory" (Sense 2).
        *   Wait, let's check Sense 3. Definition: "the people who live in a nation". Synonyms: "nation, land". Example: "sums up the nation's mood".
        *   Does "in the country" mean "among the people"? Not necessarily. It implies jurisdiction or presence within the state.
        *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2 again.
        *   Sense 1 (Political Body) vs Sense 2 (Territory).
        *   "The oldest group in the country".
        *   If the sentence was "The geography of the country", it would be Sense 2.
        *   If the sentence was "The country declared war", it would be Sense 1.
        *   "The oldest group in the country" is somewhere in between.
        *   However, in many annotated corpora (like SemCor), "country" referring to a specific nation (like France, US, Britain) is tagged with the sense corresponding to the political entity (often Sense 1).
        *   Let's check the provided synonyms again.
        *   Sense 1: state, nation, land, commonwealth...
        *   Sense 2: state, land...
        *   Sense 1 is the more general sense of "Nation-State".
        *   Let's look at the target lemma context again: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country...".
        *   It refers to the entity Britain. Britain is a country (Sense 1).
        *   The phrase "in the country" is the container.
        *   I will go with Sense 1 (the politically organized body / nation) because the context discusses social institutions (society, churches, lawsuits) and the identity of the country as a sovereign entity (Britain), rather than its physical terrain. Sense 1 represents the holistic concept of the country as a unit of society and governance.

    *   Let's double check Sense 3. "The people". "Oldest group in the people"? No, that doesn't make sense. "Oldest group in the nation" works.
    *   Let's double check Sense 4. Rural area. Definitely not.

    *   Re-evaluating Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   WordNet hierarchy:
        *   1 (State) -> Group (people).
        *   2 (Territory) -> Location (region).
    *   Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country".
    *   Groups exist in locations. But they also exist in political jurisdictions.
    *   If I say "the best restaurant in the country", I am referring to the geographical scope of the entity.
    *   However, Sense 1 is defined as "a politically organized body of people". This definition focuses on the *people* and the *government*.
    *   Sense 2 is defined as "the territory occupied by a nation". This focuses on the *space*.
    *   Prepositions like "in" often signal spatial relations. "In the territory".
    *   Is "country" functioning as "territory" or "state" here?
    *   "The oldest group in the state" (Sense 1).
    *   "The oldest group in the territory" (Sense 2).
    *   Both sound plausible.
    *   Let's look at the examples in the prompt again.
    *   Sense 1: "African nations". (List of entities).
    *   Sense 2: "he visited several European countries". (Visiting locations).
    *   The target sentence "oldest ... in the country" is closer to "visiting countries" (locative) than "African nations" (categorical listing).
    *   The structure "in [Country Name]" usually triggers the locative sense (Sense 2) in strict WSD if available, because "in" implies containment within boundaries.
    *   However, Sense 1's definition includes "body of people".
    *   Let's check the definitions in WordNet 3.0.
    *   1. state, nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic -- (a politically organized body of people under a single government); "the state has elected a new president"; "African nations"; "students in the nation's capital"; "the country's largest manufacturer"; "an industrialized land"
    *   Note the example "the country's largest manufacturer" in Sense 1. This is very similar to "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country".
    *   "The country's largest manufacturer" -> Possessive. Refers to the entity.
    *   "In the country" -> Locative.
    *   Let's check Sense 2 in WordNet 3.0.
    *   2. state, province, land, country -- (the territory occupied by a nation); "he returned to the land of his birth"; "he visited several European countries"
    *   The examples for Sense 2 emphasize movement/travel to the location.
    *   The example for Sense 1 "the country's largest manufacturer" emphasizes the status/ranking within the political/economic entity.
    *   "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" implies a ranking/status within the entity.
    *   This aligns better with Sense 1's example "the country's largest manufacturer".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Wait, looking at the prompt's provided examples:
        *   Sense 1 examples: "the state has elected a new president; African nations"
        *   Sense 2 examples: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries"
        *   The prompt's examples differ slightly from the full WordNet entry I recall (specifically the "manufacturer" one).
        *   Using *only* the provided info:
        *   Sense 1: Political body, government. Examples: President, Nations.
        *   Sense 2: Territory. Examples: Returned to land, visited countries.
        *   The sentence "The oldest ... in the country" places the group *inside* the entity.
        *   Is it about the political body? The group is an organization within the society. The society is part of the "politically organized body".
        *   Is it about the territory? The group is located within the borders.
        *   Let's look at the synonym "Nation" in Sense 1. "The oldest group in the nation".
        *   Let's look at synonym "Land" in Sense 2. "The oldest group in the land".
        *   Both work.
        *   However, Sense 1 encompasses the *organization* of people. The context is about a "Society", "ringers", "women", "lawsuits". These are elements of the political/social body (Sense 1), not just features of the terrain (Sense 2).
        *   If it were Sense 2, the context might be "The group traveled across the country" (movement in space). Here, it is about the status of the group within the social structure of the country.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 (politically organized body of people) seems the intended underlying concept, even though the preposition "in" suggests location. The location is the *state/nation*.

    *   Let's verify Sense 4 again. "Rural area".
    *   The text mentions "small, rural parishes" earlier.
    *   "Ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung... like in small, rural parishes...".
    *   Then "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country...".
    *   Does "country" mean "rural area" here?
    *   "The oldest bell-ringing group in the *rural area*..."
    *   No, because the Society rings at St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey (London, not rural). They are a national organization. So Sense 4 is incorrect.

    *   So it's 1 vs 2.
    *   Sense 1: Political/Social entity.
    *   Sense 2: Geographical entity.
    *   Context: Social organization, prestige, lawsuits, equality.
    *   These are attributes of Sense 1 (the polity).
    *   I select Sense 1.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 3 definition: "the people who live in a nation".
    *   Synonyms: nation, land.
    *   Example: "sums up the nation's mood".
    *   Could "The oldest group in the country" mean "The oldest group among the people"?
    *   While "nation" (the people) is a synonym, "country" usually doesn't mean "the populace" in the phrase "in the country". It usually means the state or territory.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for "country" as a sovereign state.

    *   Let's consider the surface form "country".
    *   Sense 1: State/Nation.
    *   Sense 2: Territory.
    *   Distinction: Sense 2 is strictly the land mass. Sense 1 is the political construct.
    *   The sentence: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country..."
    *   Is the group contained by the land mass or the political entity?
    *   It's contained by the borders of the political entity.
    *   Often Sense 1 is preferred for "country" when it refers to the entity "Britain".
    *   "Britain" is a Sense 1 country.
    *   Reference to "Britain's most prestigious churches" (possessive).
    *   "In the country" refers back to "Britain".
    *   Therefore, "country" here is a synonym for "Britain".
    *   Britain is a "politically organized body...".
    *   So Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: found
Target surface form: founded
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=found%2:41:00:: | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program
2. sense_key=found%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department
3. sense_key=found%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation
4. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=find, happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
5. sense_key=detect%2:39:00:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, find, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
6. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=find, regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
8. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find, feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
9. sense_key=witness%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
10. sense_key=line_up%2:40:00:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up, find | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
11. sense_key=discover%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover, find | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
12. sense_key=discover%2:31:00:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover, find | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
13. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | synonyms=find | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
14. sense_key=rule%2:32:00:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule, find | examples=find someone guilty
15. sense_key=receive%2:30:01:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
16. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | synonyms=find | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
17. sense_key=recover%2:40:00:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, find, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
18. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | synonyms=find | examples=The arrow found its mark
19. sense_key=find_oneself%2:30:00:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself, find | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "founded" in the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."

The lemma here is clearly "found" (to establish), not "find" (past tense). The context says the society was "founded in 1637".

Candidate senses:
1. found%2:41:00:: - set up or found - synonyms: establish, set up, launch - examples: She set up a literacy program
2. found%2:36:00:: - set up or lay the groundwork for - synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute - examples: establish a new department

Wait, both 1 and 2 relate to founding/establishing.
Sense 1: "set up or found" - synonyms: establish, set up, launch
Sense 2: "set up or lay the groundwork for" - synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute

"Founded" an organization/society in 1637.
"the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637"
This means the society was established/instituted in 1637.
Sense 2 mentions "institute" and "constitute" as synonyms, and "lay the groundwork for" / "establish a new department".
Sense 1 mentions "set up or found" - examples: "She set up a literacy program".

In WordNet 3.0, "found" has two senses:
1: set up or found; "She set up a literacy program"
2: set up or lay the groundwork for; "establish a new department"

Actually, "found" (verb) has senses:
found#1: set up or found (syn: establish, set up, launch)
found#2: set up or lay the groundwork for (syn: establish, plant, constitute, institute)

Let's look closely at the synonyms.
"founded in 1637" - establishing an organization.
Sense 1 examples: She set up a literacy program.
Sense 2 examples: establish a new department.

Is there a meaningful difference? "Found" a society is very close to "institute" or "constitute" (Sense 2) or "set up" (Sense 1).
Often, the first sense in WordNet is the most common. Sense 1 is "set up or found". Sense 2 is "set up or lay the groundwork for". "Founded" usually corresponds to Sense 1 directly. Let's consider the gloss "set up or lay the groundwork for" vs "set up or found". "Founded in 1637" aligns well with "set up or found".

Wait, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
Verb `found` (set up or found) is in the Troponym of `establish` (set up or lay the groundwork for).
Actually, in WordNet:
found#1: set up or found (synonyms: establish, set up, launch) -> direct troponym of establish.
establish#1: set up or lay the groundwork for (synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute).

Ah, the candidate senses:
1. found%2:41:00:: - set up or found - synonyms=establish, set up, launch
2. found%2:36:00:: - set up or lay the groundwork for - synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute

Wait, the glosses for `found` in WordNet:
1. set up or found; "She set up a literacy program"
2. set up or lay the groundwork for; "establish a new department"
Wait, no! In WordNet 3.0:
found#1: set up or found; "She set up a literacy program"
establish#1: set up or lay the groundwork for; "establish a new department"

Wait, the candidate senses list the gloss "set up or lay the groundwork for" as sense 2 with lemma found. Wait, is it? Let me check the sense keys.
1. sense_key=found%2:41:00::
2. sense_key=found%2:36:00::

Let's check WordNet 3.0 sense keys for "found".
found%2:41:00:: is "set up or found"
found%2:36:00:: is "set up or lay the groundwork for"
Wait, WordNet online:
Verb
S: (v) establish, set up, found, launch (set up or found) "She set up a literacy program"
S: (v) establish, constitute, institute, plant, found (set up or lay the groundwork for) "establish a new department"

So both are senses of "found".
Sense 1 (found%2:41:00::): "set up or found" -> synonyms: establish, set up, launch. Example: She set up a literacy program.
Sense 2 (found%2:36:00::): "set up or lay the groundwork for" -> synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute. Example: establish a new department.

"Founded in 1637" refers to the creation of the Ancient Society of College Youths. Creating a society is establishing it. Does it match "set up or found" or "set up or lay the groundwork for"?
"set up or found" is more about creating the entity. "found" explicitly appears in the gloss of Sense 1!
"set up or lay the groundwork for" is the gloss for Sense 2. "Lay the groundwork" implies something more foundational or preliminary (like establishing a theory or a field, or a department), but for an organization, "set up or found" is the exact meaning.
Also, "founded" directly aligns with the gloss "set up or found".

I will choose sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remain
Target surface form: remains
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and surface form**: The target lemma is "remain", and the surface form is "remains" (3rd person singular present tense).

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   Sentence: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, **remains** male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women..."
    *   Subject: "The oldest bell-ringing group... the Ancient Society of College Youths".
    *   Complement/State: "male-only".
    *   Meaning: The group continues to be male-only (an exclusive state/condition) despite changes elsewhere (like women entering the field generally). The group *stays* in the state of being male-only.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `remain%2:30:00::`
        *   Definition: "stay the same; remain in a certain state"
        *   Synonyms: "stay, rest"
        *   Examples: "The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it"; "rest assured"
        *   Fit: This fits very well. The group remains in a specific state ("male-only"). The state is an attribute of the subject. Just as the dress remained wet, the group remains male-only.

    *   **Sense 2**: `remain%2:42:03::`
        *   Definition: "continue in a place, position, or situation"
        *   Synonyms: "stay, stay on, continue"
        *   Examples: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge..."; "Stay with me, please"
        *   Fit: This sense usually implies continuing to be somewhere physically or holding a job/position. While "male-only" is a situation, this sense is often associated with physical location or duration in a role, whereas Sense 1 is explicitly about maintaining a state or condition. The example "she stayed on in Cambridge" is about location/persistence. The context here is about an attribute/state ("male-only") persisting over time, rather than the group staying in a location. Sense 1 is a better fit for "remaining [adjective/state]".

    *   **Sense 3**: `remain%2:42:05::`
        *   Definition: "be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc."
        *   Examples: "There remains the question..."; "Carter remains the only President..."
        *   Fit: This sense is about what is left over or the existential quantification of remaining items/people. The example "Carter remains the only President" is close in structure (Subject + remains + Complement), but the definition "be left" implies a residue or counting down. Here, the group isn't "left over"; it is continuing its policy. The group isn't a leftover entity; the state is what persists. Sense 1 fits the maintenance of state better than the idea of "being left".

    *   **Sense 4**: `remain%2:42:01::`
        *   Definition: "stay behind"
        *   Synonyms: "persist, stay"
        *   Examples: "The smell stayed in the room"; "The hostility remained..."
        *   Fit: This implies staying behind physically or persisting after others leave. The group isn't staying behind physically; it is maintaining a status.

4.  **Comparison and Selection**:
    *   The sentence says the group "remains male-only".
    *   "Male-only" is an adjective phrase describing a state or condition.
    *   Sense 1 definition: "stay the same; remain in a certain state". Example: "The dress remained wet". Structure: [Subject] [remains] [Adjective/State].
    *   Sense 2 definition: "continue in a place, position...". Example: "Stay with me". Structure: [Subject] [remains] [Location/Direction].
    *   Sense 3 definition: "be left...". Example: "There remains the question". Structure: [There remains] [Object]. Or "Carter remains the only President". (This example in Sense 3 is tricky because "Carter remains the only President" looks like a state. However, in WordNet hierarchies, Sense 1 is the standard "copular" usage for maintaining a state (unwavering), whereas Sense 3 often implies distinctness or being the sole remainder of a set. Let's look at the definitions provided again).
    *   Sense 1 says "stay the same; remain in a certain state". This is the most precise definition for "remains [adjective]". The group stays in the state of being male-only. It hasn't changed.
    *   Sense 3 example "Carter remains the only President" is similar grammatically, but the definition "be left" doesn't fit "remains male-only" as well as "stay the same" does. The group isn't a leftover; the condition persists.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the strongest match. It explicitly deals with maintaining a state ("male-only").

    Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Context: "The group... remains male-only."
    Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state". Example: "The dress remained wet". This is a perfect structural and semantic match. The dress was wet, it stayed wet. The group is male-only, it stays male-only.
    Sense 3: "be left". Example: "There remains the question". Example: "Carter remains the only President". While "Carter remains..." is similar, the "be left" definition suggests a passive remainder or counting aspect (exclusivity). Sense 1 emphasizes the continuity of the *state*. "Male-only" is a state. The text contrasts this with other groups where women are accepted, emphasizing that this specific group *stays the same* (unlike the others).

    Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Index 1 corresponds to `remain%2:30:00::`.

provider: Friendli


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "fact"
    *   Context sentence: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a **fact** that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
    *   Meaning in context: The "fact" refers to the situation that the group remains male-only. It is a specific circumstance or state of affairs that exists. It is the reality of the situation.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `fact%1:09:01::` | definition: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred" | examples: "first you must collect all the facts of the case".
        *   *Analysis:* This definition focuses on "information about circumstances that exist". In the context, the male-only status is a circumstance that exists. It fits well. It's a piece of information regarding the current state of the Society.

    *   **Sense 2:** `fact%1:10:01::` | definition: "a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened" | examples: "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts".
        *   *Analysis:* This definition focuses on a "statement or assertion". While the text implicitly asserts the fact, the word "fact" here refers more to the *reality* or the *state of affairs* rather than a specific statement made by someone. It's not a list of facts presented as evidence in an argument, but a situation described.

    *   **Sense 3:** `fact%1:26:01::` | definition: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed" | examples: "your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell".
        *   *Analysis:* This often contrasts with "fiction" or "theory". It refers to reality vs. imagination. While the male-only rule is real, Sense 3 often implies a historical event or a broader concept of reality (as in "in fact"). The specific usage "a fact that's particularly galling" points to a specific piece of information/situation, not the abstract concept of reality vs fiction.

    *   **Sense 4:** `fact%1:09:02::` | definition: "a concept whose truth can be proved" | examples: "scientific hypotheses are not facts".
        *   *Analysis:* This is usually used in epistemological or scientific contexts contrasting fact with hypothesis or theory. This doesn't fit the context of a social organization's membership policy.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 closely:**
    *   Sense 1: "piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    *   Sense 2: "statement or assertion of verified information".
    *   The text says: "...remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling..."
    *   Is it a statement? The *fact* is the state of being male-only. The sentence *asserts* it, but the word "fact" refers to the circumstance itself.
    *   Sense 1's example "first you must collect all the facts of the case" fits the idea of discrete pieces of information regarding a situation.
    *   Sense 2's example "supported his argument with an impressive array of facts" treats facts as rhetorical devices (statements).
    *   The usage "a fact that's..." (appositive) usually refers to the preceding clause or phrase as a circumstance. "The group remains male-only" is the circumstance. This aligns better with Sense 1 ("circumstances that exist").

4.  **Double check Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.
    *   The circumstance is the group remaining male-only.
    *   This "fact" is a piece of information about that circumstance.
    *   This seems the most robust fit.

5.  **Check Sense 3 again (just in case):**
    *   "an event known to have happened..."
    *   Is the male-only status an "event"? No, it's a state/circumstance.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is better than Sense 3.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best match. It captures the "existing circumstance" aspect perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "circumstances that exist" -> "remains male-only".
    *   Sense 2: "statement or assertion" -> The sentence contains statements, but "fact" here labels the situation itself.
    *   Sense 3: "event... or something known to have existed" -> Too broad/abstract or event-focused.
    *   Sense 4: "concept whose truth can be proved" -> Scientific context.

    Selection: Sense 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: particularly
Target surface form: particularly
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's <t>particularly</t> galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=particularly%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=peculiarly, especially, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=particularly%4:02:02:: | definition=specifically or especially distinguished from others | synonyms=in particular | examples=loves Bach, particularly his partitas; recommended one book in particular
3. sense_key=particularly%4:02:01:: | definition=uniquely or characteristically; ; ; - John Knowles | synonyms=peculiarly | examples=these peculiarly cinematic elements; a peculiarly French phenomenon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "particularly" in this passage.

The context is about women not being accepted everywhere in bell-ringing, and specifically mentions the Ancient Society of College Youths which remains male-only. This fact is described as "particularly galling to women" because this group is the sole source of ringers for prestigious churches.

Now let me examine each candidate sense:

Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common"
- Synonyms: peculiarly, especially, specially
- Examples: "he was particularly fussy about spelling"; "a particularly gruesome attack"

Sense 2: "specifically or especially distinguished from others"
- Synonyms: in particular
- Examples: "loves Bach, particularly his partitas"; "recommended one book in particular"

Sense 3: "uniquely or characteristically"
- Synonyms: peculiarly
- Examples: "these peculiarly cinematic elements"; "a peculiarly French phenomenon"

In the context, "particularly galling" means that the fact is especially or notably galling to women, to a greater extent than other situations. The exclusion from the oldest bell-ringing group is especially frustrating or annoying to women because this group controls access to the most prestigious churches.

This usage matches Sense 1 most closely - "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common." The fact is galling to women to a greater extent than other aspects of the situation.

Sense 2 is about specifying something from a group ("in particular"), which doesn't quite fit here. The phrase isn't identifying which fact is galling from among several facts, but rather emphasizing the degree to which the fact is galling.

Sense 3 is about something being unique or characteristic, which also doesn't fit here. The galling nature of the exclusion isn't being described as unique or characteristic in itself.

So the best match is Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target:** The target word is "women" (plural of "woman").
2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses bell ringers in Britain.
    *   It mentions that a growing number of *women* have entered the field.
    *   It states that more than a third of ringers are *women*.
    *   It discusses discrimination against *women* by a specific male-only group (Ancient Society of College Youths).
    *   The sentence containing the target instance is: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country... remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because..."
    *   The target "women" refers to adult female persons in general who are part of the bell-ringing community or potential members, contrasting with "male-only" or "men". It refers to them as a demographic group or individuals belonging to that gender category, not specifically as wives, mistresses, house cleaners, or the abstract concept of "womanhood" (though it borders on the collective sense).
3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (woman%1:18:00::):** "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". Synonyms: "adult female". Examples: "the woman kept house...".
        *   *Evaluation:* This fits well. The text refers to adult females participating in bell ringing. It contrasts them with men ("male-only", "male-dominated field"). The plural "women" refers to multiple instances of this category demographics, not romantic or domestic relationships with specific men.
    *   **Sense 3 (woman%1:18:02::):** "a human female employed to do housework".
        *   *Evaluation:* Incorrect. The context is about bell ringers, not domestic servants.
    *   **Sense 4 (woman%1:14:00 closest contender to Sense 1. The context says "galling to women". Is it galling to "women as a class" (abstract entity) or to individual women (plural of Sense 1)?
        *   Let's look at the preceding sentences: "a growing number of women have entered...", "more than a third of the ringers today are women." Here, "women" counts individuals.
        *   In the target sentence: "galling to women". Does this mean the abstract concept of womanhood is insulted, or does it mean the actual female bell ringers are annoyed? The text says "They are not accepted everywhere... a fact that's particularly galling to women...".
        *   Usually, Sense 4 is reserved for abstract collective nouns or when referring to the "fair sex" as a concept (e.g., "Woman is the glory of creation"). When referring to the specific people in the field who feel discriminated against, Sense 1 (plural) is the standard usage. The discrimination affects the individuals who are adult females.
        *   WordNet often treats the plural form "women" as the plural of Sense 1, whereas Sense 4 is often triggered by mass noun usage or singular collective usage (like "Woman" with a capital W, or "womanhood").
        *   Let's check the examples for Sense 4: "it's an insult to American womanhood". Here "womanhood" is the synonym.
        *   Let's check the definition for Sense 1: "an adult female person".
        *   The text discusses specific people: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered...". These are people (Sense 1).
        *   The target sentence: "galling to women". This implies the group of female bell ringers (plural individuals). It feels more like Sense 1 (plural) than the abstract "women as a class" (Sense 4), although the boundary is thin. However, Sense 1 is the default for adult female persons. Sense 4 implies a more sociological or abstract generalization. Given the context talks about specific ringers being excluded, Sense 1 is more precise. They are adult females being excluded, rather than the "class" of women in the abstract.
        *   Actually, WordNet 3.0/3.1 structure: Sense 1 is the individual. Sense 4 is the class.
        *   The phrase "galling to women" could be interpreted as the class, but "more than a third of the ringers today are women" definitely refers to individuals (Sense 1). The text flows from counting individuals to the reaction of those individuals. Therefore, the target "women" refers to the individuals who are ringers.
        *   Decision: Sense 1 is the best fit. It refers to adult female persons (ringers).

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Adult female person. Fits "women have entered the field", "ringers... are women", "galling to women" (the female ringers).
    *   Sense 4: Women as a class. While close, the context is grounded in the specific demographics of a hobby/profession, counting individuals (1 in 10, a third of ringers). This points to Sense 1.

5.  **Formatting:** Return JSON `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 4. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "woman", surface form "women".
The context discusses women entering a male-dominated field (bell-ringing) and the exclusion of women from a specific bell-ringing group. It refers to women as a demographic group of adult females in contrast to men.
Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man) - fits perfectly as it contrasts with the "male-dominated" aspect and refers to individual adult females.
Sense 2: a female person who plays a significant role in the life of a particular man - incorrect.
Sense 3: a human female employed to do housework - incorrect.
Sense 4: women as a class - while it refers to "women" as a group, the primary contrast here is adult females as opposed to men (male-dominated), which is Sense 1. The text says "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field", "more than a third of the ringers today are women", "no woman has filed...", which points to adult female individuals (Sense 1). Sense 4 examples ("insult to American womanhood") represent a more abstract class concept.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check. "male-only" contrasts directly with "woman%1:18:00::" (as opposed to a man).
Index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence is: "The oldest bell-ringing <t>group</t> in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."
    *   The subject is "The oldest bell-ringing group".
    *   It refers to a specific organization or collection of people: "the Ancient Society of College Youths".
    *   It consists of members (people who ring bells).
    *   It functions as a unit (a society/organization).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `group%1:03:00::` | definition="any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" | synonyms="grouping". This is the general sense of a group of people or things.
    *   **Sense 2:** `group%1:27:00::` | definition="(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule" | synonyms="radical, chemical group". This is specific to chemistry. The context talks about people and bells, not atoms.
    *   **Sense 3:** `group%1:09:00::` | definition="a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse" | synonyms="mathematical group". This is specific to mathematics (group theory). The context is not mathematical.

3.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    *   The context clearly refers to a collection of people (bell ringers) forming a society.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: a number of entities (people) considered as a unit.
    *   Senses 2 and 3 are domain-specific (chemistry, math) and irrelevant here.

4.  **Determine the Index:**
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user requested a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Form:** The target lemma is "ringer", and the form is "ringers" (plural noun).
2.  **Analyze the Context:** The text discusses "ringers" in the context of:
    *   "bells need to be rung"
    *   "churches", "parishes", "cathedrals"
    *   Training programs to attract ringers.
    *   "Bell-ringing group" (Ancient Society of College Youths).
    *   The activity is clearly the ringing of church bells.
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" | Synonyms: *toller, bell ringer*.
        *   *Match:* This fits perfectly. The text talks about church bells, small rural parishes, inner-city churches, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, and the act of ringing bells.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a person who is almost identical to another" | Synonyms: *dead ringer, clone*.
        *   *Match:* Incorrect. The context is about an activity/skill, not physical resemblance.
    *   **Sense 3:** "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses".
        *   *Match:* Incorrect. While ringing can be competitive (change ringing competitions), the text focuses on the general practice of ringing bells in churches and the demographics of the people doing it, not a fraudulent contestant.
    *   **Sense 4:** "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit..."
        *   *Match:* Incorrect. This is a specific scoring move in a game, not a person.
4.  **Determine the Best Match:** Sense 1 is the exact definition of the people described in the text. They are people who ring church bells.
5.  **Format the Output:** The instruction asks for a JSON object with the specific format `{"sense_index": X}`, where X is the index of the chosen sense.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition.
    *   Therefore, `sense_index` is 1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "most" appears in the context: "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."

Let me analyze each candidate sense:

1. **sense_key=most%4:02:00::** - "used to form the superlative" with synonyms "to the highest degree" and example "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake"

2. **sense_key=most%4:02:01::** - "very" with example "a most welcome relief"

3. **sense_key=most%4:02:02::** - "(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but" with synonyms "about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually" and examples "the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded"

In the context "Britain's most prestigious churches", "most" is being used to form the superlative of "prestigious" - meaning "the most prestigious" or "to the highest degree prestigious." This is the standard superlative use of "most" with an adjective.

Sense 1 clearly fits - it's forming the superlative "most prestigious" meaning to the highest degree prestigious.

Sense 2 is used for expressions like "a most welcome relief" where "most" means "very" without forming a superlative comparison. That's not what we have here.

Sense 3 is the "almost/nearly" meaning as in "most everyone" or "most all" - that's not the case here either.

The correct sense is clearly sense 1.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: churches
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target**: The lemma is "church" and the surface form is "churches" (plural). The context mentions "St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey" as examples of the target "churches".

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The sentence is: "...the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   The broader context discusses bell ringers, physical locations where bells need to be rung ("small, rural parishes and inner-city churches"), and specific famous buildings.
    *   The examples given for "churches" are "St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey". These are specific physical buildings/structures.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1 (church%1:14:00::)**: Definition = "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship" (denomination, e.g., the Anglican Church, the Catholic Church).
        *   *Fit?* No. St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey are not denominations; they are specific buildings within the Church of England.

    *   **Sense 2 (church%1:06:00::)**: Definition = "a place for public (especially Christian) worship". Synonyms = "church building". Examples = "the church was empty".
        *   *Fit?* Yes. The context refers to physical locations where bells are rung. St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are famous physical buildings used for worship. The earlier mention of "inner-city churches" also points to physical structures in specific locations.

    *   **Sense 3 (church%1:04:00::)**: Definition = "a service conducted in a house of worship". Synonyms = "church service". Examples = "don't be late for church".
        *   *Fit?* No. The text talks about "prestigious churches" and naming specific buildings. It is not talking about the event of a service, but the entity/institution/building where ringers go.

    *   **Sense 4 (church%1:14:01::)**: Definition = "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church". Examples = "our church is hosting a picnic next week".
        *   *Fit?* No. While ringers serve the congregation, the specific examples (St. Paul's, Westminster Abbey) are primarily treated here as prestigious physical entities/institutions rather than the specific group of people (the congregation). One wouldn't usually say "St. Paul's Cathedral is a prestigious group of people" in this specific syntactic slot, though one might say "the church voted". However, the context contrasts rural parishes/inner-city churches as places where bells need to be rung, emphasizing the location/building aspect alongside the institution. St. Paul's is a building/physical location. Sense 2 covers the "church building" aspect best.

4.  **Distinguish between Sense 2 (building) and Sense 4 (congregation) or Sense 1 (institution)**:
    *   WordNet often distinguishes between the building and the institution. In this context, "prestigious churches" followed by specific architectural landmarks (Cathedral and Abbey) strongly implies the physical building or the specific house of worship sense. The synonym "church building" fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 refers to denominations (like the Lutheran Church).
    *   Sense 4 refers to the congregation.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the building.
    *   Context clues: "inner-city churches" (locations), "live where the bells need to be rung" (locations), "St. Paul's Cathedral" (building).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output**: The user wants a JSON object with the index. Sense 2 corresponds to index 2 in the provided list (assuming the list is 1-indexed based on the numbering provided in the prompt, or I should map it to the index number provided in the list).
    *   List item 1: sense_key=church%1:14:00:: ...
    *   List item 2: sense_key=church%1:06:00:: ... (Building)
    *   List item 3: sense_key=church%1:04:00:: ... (Service)
    *   List item 4: sense_key=church%1:14:01:: ... (Congregation)

    The correct sense is the second one listed.

    JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   Surrounding text: The text discusses bell-ringers. It mentions that a growing number of women have entered the field. It discusses a male-only group (Ancient Society of College Youths). It says no specific individual filed a lawsuit.
    *   Target word usage: "no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit". Here, "woman" refers to an individual adult female person who might potentially file a lawsuit. It is referring to a human being who is an adult female.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `woman%1:18:00::` | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted.
        *   This fits perfectly. The context refers to individual adult females (ringers or potential litigants).
    *   **Sense 2:** `woman%1:18:01::` | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman.
        *   This does not fit. The context is about church bell ringers and lawsuits, not a romantic relationship.
    *   **Sense 3:** `woman%1:18:02::` | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet...
        *   This does not fit. The women here are bell ringers, not domestic servants.
    *   **Sense 4:** `woman%1:14:00::` | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood...
        *   This sense refers to the abstract concept of women as a collective group or gender class. While the broader text discusses women as a group (e.g., "a growing number of women"), the specific target sentence uses the singular "no woman" to refer to a specific individual agent capable of filing a suit. Sense 1 is the default sense for a singular individual adult female.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   The text does mention "women" (plural) earlier ("more than a third of the ringers today are women"). That would arguably be closer to Sense 4 (or Sense 1 pluralized).
    *   However, the specific target token is singular: "no <t>woman</t> has filed...".
    *   When "woman" is used in the singular to denote an individual person (who could file a suit), it corresponds to Sense 1 ("an adult female person").
    *   Sense 4 is usually reserved for mass noun usages or abstract concepts (e.g., "Woman is fickle"). Here, "no woman" means "no individual adult female person".

4.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The context is about an individual person (adult female) filing a lawsuit.
    *   Sense 1 is the definition of an adult female person.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Output Formatting:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   The chosen sense is Sense 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: file
Target surface form: filed
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
2. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file | examples=file one's fingernails
3. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line | examples=The students filed into the classroom
4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
5. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records | synonyms=file away | examples=File these bills, please

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "filed" used in the context: "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit".
The phrase "filed an equal-opportunity suit" means to record a formal charge or complaint in a public office or court of law.
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
2. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file
3. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line
4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
5. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records

Wait, "file a suit" is to initiate a legal proceeding, which corresponds to recording in a court of law.
Sense 1: "record in a public office or in a court of law" with examples "file for divorce; file a complaint". "file an equal-opportunity suit" aligns perfectly with this.
Sense 4: "file a formal charge against" with synonyms "charge, lodge". This implies making an accusation against a person. A suit is a legal action, not exactly a charge against someone (though it involves charges). "File a suit" fits "record in a public office or in a court of law" better. Filing a suit is starting a legal action. Filing a charge is making an accusation.
Let's check WordNet.
file%2:32:02:: - record in a public office or in a court of law; "file for divorce"; "file a complaint"
file%2:32:01:: - file a formal charge against; "The suspect was charged with murdering his wife"

To "file an equal-opportunity suit" is to initiate a lawsuit, i.e., to record a legal action in a court of law. So Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Let me double check the definitions.
"file a suit" means to submit legal documents to a court to initiate a lawsuit.
Sense 1: record in a public office or in a court of law. Examples: file for divorce; file a complaint.
Sense 4: file a formal charge against. Examples: The suspect was charged with murdering his wife.

"filed an equal-opportunity suit" -> filed a lawsuit.
So sense 1 is the correct one.

Index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suit
Target surface form: suit
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: | definition=a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color | synonyms=suit of clothes | examples=they buried him in his best suit
2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, case, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: | definition=(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit | examples=all the suits care about is the bottom line
4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: | definition=a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage) | synonyms=courtship, wooing, courting | examples=its was a brief and intense courtship
5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: | definition=a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank
6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: | definition=playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color | examples=a flush is five cards in the same suit; in bridge you must follow suit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Lemma and Surface Form:**
    *   Lemma: suit
    *   Surface form: suit
    *   Context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer..."

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence mentions "filed an equal-opportunity suit".
    *   The phrase "filed a... suit" is a strong collocation related to legal actions.
    *   The broader context discusses discrimination (women excluded from a bell-ringing group), legal remedies ("equal-opportunity"), and compares the situation to a potential legal case.
    *   "This being Britain, no woman has filed..." implies that in another context (perhaps the US), a lawsuit might be expected.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1: a set of garments...*
        *   Does it fit? "filed an equal-opportunity [set of garments]"? No. Irrelevant.

    *   *Sense 2: a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy...*
        *   Synonyms: lawsuit, case, cause, causa.
        *   Examples: "the family brought suit against the landlord".
        *   Context fit: "filed an equal-opportunity [lawsuit]" fits perfectly. The act of filing a suit refers to initiating legal proceedings.

    *   *Sense 3: (slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit...*
        *   Does it fit? "filed an equal-opportunity [businessman]"? No.

    *   *Sense 4: a man's courting of a woman...*
        *   Does it fit? No.

    *   *Sense 5: a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank...*
        *   Does it fit? No, this is an archaic or specific meaning (like "petitioning a lord"). The context here is modern legal context ("equal-opportunity").

    *   *Sense 6: playing card in any of four sets...*
        *   Does it fit? No.

4.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The target word is used in the sense of a legal proceeding/lawsuit.
    *   This corresponds to sense index 2.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "...but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'..."
    *   Contextual clues: The text discusses the issue of women not being accepted in some bell-ringing groups (specifically the Ancient Society of College Youths) and the discrimination they face. The "problem" refers to this exclusion/discrimination. The phrase "extent of the problem" implies the magnitude, seriousness, or scope of the issue.
    *   It suggests how big or serious the problem is, or how far it reaches (metaphorically). It's an abstract measurement of a situation.

2.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   sense_key=extent%1:26:00::
    *   definition="the point or degree to which something extends"
    *   examples="the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law"
    *   Analysis: This sense deals with degree, magnitude, or scope. It applies to abstract concepts like damage, the law, or in this case, a "problem". It answers "how much" or "how far" (metaphorically) the thing goes. The phrase "extent of the problem" fits perfectly here as it refers to the degree or magnitude of the issue.

3.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   sense_key=extent%1:07:00::
    *   definition="the distance or area or volume over which something extends"
    *   examples="the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent"
    *   Analysis: This sense deals with physical spatial measurements (distance, area, volume). The examples refer to deserts and orchards. While "extent" can be used spatially, the context here is an abstract social problem. It is not measuring the physical size of the problem (like how many square meters it covers), but rather the magnitude/degree of the situation.

4.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   Sense 1 is abstract/scalar (degree/point).
    *   Sense 2 is spatial (area/distance/volume).
    *   The phrase "extent of the problem" is semantically similar to "extent of the damage" (Sense 1 example). It refers to the magnitude or scope of the situation.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Since I chose the first sense listed, the index is 1.

provider: Baidu