[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** bell
    *   **Target surface form:** bells
    *   **Context:** The text discusses "change-ringing", "rural England", "ancient stone church", "sound of bells cascading from its tower", "calling the faithful to evensong". It clearly refers to church bells used for ringing.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". This is the general definition of a physical bell.
    *   *Sense 2:* "a push button at an outer door..." (doorbell). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 3:* "the sound of a bell being struck". This refers to the *sound* itself, not the physical object. The text says "the sound of *bells* cascading". Here "bells" refers to the physical objects producing the sound ("cascading from its tower"). While the sound is mentioned, the word "bells" refers to the instruments.
    *   *Sense 4:* (nautical time). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 5:* "the shape of a bell". Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 6:* (Person: Melville Bell). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 7:* (Person: Vanessa Bell). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 8:* (Person: Alexander Graham Bell). Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 9:* "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells...". This is specific to orchestral instruments (chimes/glockenspiel type).
    *   *Sense 10:* "the flared opening...". Incorrect.

3.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 is the physical object (device).
    *   Sense 3 is the sound (event/sensation).
    *   The context mentions "the sound of [bells] cascading from its tower".
    *   What cascades from the tower? The physical bells do not fall out; the sound waves propagate. However, the phrase "sound of bells" implies the source of the sound is the "bells". "Bells" here denotes the physical objects hanging in the tower. In English, "bells" usually refers to the physical cast metal objects found in a church tower.
    *   Let's check WordNet hierarchy/usage. Sense 1 is the generic physical artifact. Sense 3 is the phenomenon/sound.
    *   Sentence: "The sound of bells cascading..."
    *   If "bells" meant the sound (Sense 3), the sentence would read "The sound of [sounds] cascading..." which is redundant or meta. The phrase "sound of bells" attributes the sound to the objects.
    *   Also, the first sentence mentions "change-ringing". Change-ringing is an activity performed *on* physical bells.
    *   Therefore, "bells" refers to the metal instruments in the tower.

4.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 9:**
    *   Sense 9 specifies "used as an orchestral instrument" and "struck with a hammer" (often implying tubular bells or a glockenspiel type setup, though the gloss says "set of tuned bells").
    *   Church bells are typically large, swinging bells rung by ropes (change-ringing) or hammers (tolling). They fit the general definition of Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck".
    *   Sense 9 is often mapped to "chime" or "gong" synonyms in WordNet and implies the specific orchestral instrument. Church bells are the prototypical instance of Sense 1.

5.  **Final Decision:**
    *   The text describes church bells.
    *   Sense 1 defines the physical object (a hollow metal device). This fits best. The context describes the bells in a church tower used for change-ringing.
    *   Sense 3 is the sound. While the context discusses sound, the word "bells" refers to the physical instruments being rung. "The sound of bells" = The sound produced by the devices defined in Sense 1.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3 carefully.
        *   Sense 3 example: "she heard the distant toll of church bells". Here "bells" is inside the phrase "toll of church bells". The word "toll" is the head noun for the sound. "Church bells" are the objects.
        *   Sense 3 definition: "the sound of a bell being struck".
        *   In the target sentence: "sound of <t>bells</t>".
        *   If "bells" meant sense 3 (the sound), it would read "sound of [sound]". That is unlikely. It reads "sound of [objects]".
        *   Therefore, it is Sense 1.

6.  **Construct Output:**
    *   Selected sense index: 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cascade
Target surface form: cascading
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cascade%2:38:00:: | definition=rush down in big quantities, like a cascade | synonyms=cascade down
2. sense_key=cascade%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: *cascade*
    *   Target surface form: *cascading*
    *   Context: A description of a church scene in rural England where the sound of bells is coming from the tower.
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense from the provided candidate senses.
    *   Constraint: Return a JSON object `{"sense_index": N}`.

2.  **Analyze the Target Word in Context:**
    *   Sentence: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells **cascading** from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Grammatical role: Participle functioning as a modifier (post-positive adjective) describing the movement of the "sound of bells".
    *   Meaning: The sound is coming down from the tower. It's described as "cascading", suggesting a flowing or falling motion/sensation, akin to a waterfall.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `cascade%2:38:00::` | definition: "rush down in big quantities, like a cascade" | synonyms: "cascade down".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense refers to physical movement (often of water) or figurative movement where something flows downwards in quantity. Here, the "sound of bells" is figuratively rushing down from the tower. The preposition "from" aligns with the directionality of rushing down. The imagery of a "cascade" (waterfall) fits the poetic description of bell sounds filling the air from above.

    *   **Sense 2:** `cascade%2:35:00::` | definition: "arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible".
        *   *Analysis:* This is a specific technical term related to Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). The context here is a rural church scene, not a computer desktop.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Sense 1 is a physical or metaphorical movement of falling/flowing down.
    *   Sense 2 is a computer interface action.
    *   The context involves sound coming from a church tower. Sense 1 fits perfectly as a metaphor (sound rushing down). Sense 2 is irrelevant.

5.  **Determine Sense Index:**
    *   The list is numbered 1 and 2.
    *   The best sense is Sense 1.

6.  **Final Output Generation:**
    *   Format: JSON object.
    *   Content: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its <t>tower</t>, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "tower", used as a noun in the phrase "cascading from its tower".
2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The text describes an ancient stone church in rural England.
    *   Bells are ringing/cascading from the tower.
    *   It's a building structure associated with a church.
    *   The phrase "its tower" refers back to "An ancient stone church".
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Sense 1**:
    *   *Definition*: "a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building".
    *   *Context match*: Churches typically have towers (bell towers, steeples). This definition fits perfectly. The tower is attached to the church ("its tower"), it is a tall structure, and it holds bells.
4.  **Evaluate Candidate Sense 2**:
    *   *Definition*: "anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower".
    *   *Synonyms*: column, pillar.
    *   *Examples*: "a tower of dust", "a column of white powder".
    *   *Context match*: This refers to an abstract or metaphorical shape resembling a tower (like a dust cloud), or a specific columnar object (like a test tube content). It is not a physical architectural building part. The text refers to the physical part of the church where bells are hung. This sense is incorrect.
5.  **Evaluate Candidate Sense 3**:
    *   *Definition*: "a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships".
    *   *Synonyms*: tugboat, tug, towboat.
    *   *Context match*: This refers to a boat. There is no water or ships mentioned; we are in a rural field with a church. This sense is incorrect.
6.  **Conclusion**: Sense 1 is the standard architectural definition of a tower, specifically fitting the context of a church tower where bells are located.
7.  **Format Output**: The user requested a JSON object with the sense index. The senses are numbered 1, 2, and 3 in the prompt. Therefore, the index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: calling
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, <t>calling</t> the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "calling" in this sentence.

The context is:
"The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

In this context, "calling" refers to the bells summoning or inviting people to come to the church service (evensong). The bells are "calling the faithful to evensong," which means the bells are summoning or requesting the faithful to come to the evening service.

Now let's examine the candidate senses to find the best match:

1. "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" - This doesn't match the context. The bells aren't naming anything.

2. "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" - This doesn't match either. The bells aren't ascribing qualities to anyone.

3. "get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone" - This doesn't match. There's no telephone involved here.

4. "utter a sudden loud cry" - While bells do make sounds, this sense refers to a sudden loud cry, which doesn't capture the purpose of the bells calling people to service.

5. "order, request, or command to come" - This seems like a good match! The bells are summoning/requesting the faithful to come to evensong.

6. "pay a brief visit" - This doesn't match. The bells aren't visiting anyone.

7. "call a meeting; invite or command to meet" - This is related but more specific to meetings. While evensong is a gathering, this sense seems more organizational.

8. "read aloud to check for omissions or absentees" - This doesn't match the context at all.

9. "send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message" - While the bells are sending a message, this sense seems too focused on electronic communication.

10. "utter a characteristic note or cry" - While bells do make sounds, this doesn't capture the summoning function in this context.

11. "stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather" - Not relevant to this context.

12. "greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name" - The bells aren't greeting anyone by name.

13. "make a stop in a harbour" - Not relevant to this context.

14. "demand payment of (a loan)" - Not relevant to this context.

15. "make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands" - Not relevant to this context.

16. "give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance" - Not relevant to this context.

17. "indicate a decision in regard to" - Not relevant to this context.

18. "make a prediction about; tell in advance" - Not relevant to this context.

19. "require the presentation of for redemption before maturation" - Not relevant to this context.

20. "challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense" - Not relevant to this context.

21. "declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee" - Not relevant to this context.

22. "lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal" - Not relevant to this context.

23. "order or request or give a command for" - This is somewhat related but seems to focus on events like strikes, not summoning people to attend.

24. "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role" - This is related but seems to focus on specific duties or roles (like jury duty), not a general summons to a church service.

25. "utter in a loud voice or announce" - While the bells are making an announcement of sorts, this sense focuses on voice announcements.

26. "challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of" - Not relevant to this context.

27. "consider or regard as being" - Not relevant to this context.

28. "rouse somebody from sleep with a call" - Not relevant to this context.

After analyzing all the senses, the one that best matches the context is sense 5: "order, request, or command to come" with synonyms "send for". This captures the essence of the bells summoning or requesting the faithful to come to evensong.

Therefore, the single best indexed sense for the target word "calling" in this context is 5.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: faithful
Target surface form: faithful
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the <t>faithful</t> to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The lemma is "faithful" and the surface form is "faithful". It functions as a noun in this context (preceded by the definite article "the" and functioning as the object of the verb "calling").

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "The sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the <t>faithful</t> to evensong."
    *   Setting: A church (St. Michael and All Angels), rural England.
    *   Action: Bells calling people to a church service (evensong).
    *   Follow-up sentence: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door..."
    *   Inference: The "faithful" refers to the specific group of people attending this church.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `faithful%1:14:01::` | Definition: "any loyal and steadfast following".
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is more abstract. It refers to the quality of being loyal or the collective body of adherents in a general sense (e.g., "the politician addressed the faithful"). While it overlaps, it lacks the specific institutional/religious gathering nuance provided by the context (church, evensong).
    *   **Sense 2:** `faithful%1:14:00::` | Definition: "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church" | Synonyms: "congregation, fold".
        *   *Analysis:* The definition explicitly mentions "habitually attend a given church". The context mentions "calling the faithful to evensong" and refers to them as "parishioners" in the next sentence. "Parishioners" is a direct synonym for "congregation". This fits perfectly.

4.  **Compare Senses:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the attribute of loyalty ("steadfast following").
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the specific sociological/religious group ("congregation").
    *   The context highlights the physical gathering at a church for a service. The next sentence calls them "parishioners". Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct fit.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object like `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   Correct sense is index 2.

6.  **Final Check:** Does the target word "faithful" mean "congregation" here? Yes. "Calling the faithful to evensong" = "Calling the congregation to evensong". Does the definition of Sense 2 match? Yes ("habitually attend a given church"). Does the definition of Sense 1 match? It's close but less specific; Sense 2 is the fine-grained distinction provided byWordNet.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evensong
Target surface form: evensong
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to <t>evensong</t>. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma and form:** The word is "evensong".
2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   "...sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels..."
    *   "Aslacton, England..." and "rural England".
    *   "Anglican Church" is explicitly mentioned in the definition of sense 2, but the context is heavily Anglican/Church of England ("change-ringing is peculiar to the English", "rural England", "St. Michael and All Angels" - a very common Anglican church dedication).
    *   The event is a public service where bells are calling people.

3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `evensong%1:28:00::` | Definition: "the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays" | Synonyms: vespers.
        *   This sense relates to the canonical hours (Roman Catholic tradition historically, though Anglicans have them too). It emphasizes the *time* of day (early evening) and the position in the divine office. "Vespers" is the primary synonym.
    *   **Sense 2:** `evensong%1:10:00::` | Definition: "(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer" | Synonyms: Evening Prayer.
        *   This sense specifically designates the Anglican service. It is defined as a "daily evening service". The synonym is "Evening Prayer".

4.  **Compare Context to Senses:**
    *   The context is explicitly set in England ("rural England", "change-ringing... peculiar to the English").
    *   "Change-ringing" is a distinctively English (Anglican) tradition of church bell ringing.
    *   "St. Michael and All Angels" is a typical Anglican parish church name.
    *   The bells are calling people to the service.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "(Anglican Church)" and "daily evening service". This aligns perfectly with the cultural setting (English rural church, bell-ringing) and the specific terminology used in the Church of England. In the C of E, "Evensong" is the colloquial name for "Evening Prayer" (Book of Common Prayer).
    *   Sense 1 uses "Vespers" as a synonym and focuses on "canonical hours". While Evensong is derived from the office of Vespers, in an English rural parish context described with bell-ringing, it almost certainly refers to the Anglican liturgy (Sense 2) rather than the monastic/canonical hour concept (Sense 1), although there is overlap. However, the WordNet distinction highlights the specific Anglican usage in Sense 2.

5.  **Decision:**
    *   The text describes a quintessential English Anglican scene.
    *   Sense 2 is explicitly labeled "(Anglican Church)".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the precise fit.

6.  **Formatting:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   Selected index: 2.

7.  **Final Check:**
    *   Context: English village, Anglican church (St Michael's), bells calling to service.
    *   Sense 1: Canonical hours/Vespers. Broadly liturgical.
    *   Sense 2: Anglican Church specific service.
    *   Match: Sense 2 is the better fit due to the specific cultural markers (England, change-ringing).

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stop
Target surface form: stop
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels <t>stop</t> to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | examples=Block his election; Halt the process
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | examples=The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | examples=block the way; barricade the streets
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: stop
    *   Target surface form: stop
    *   Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels <t>stop</t> to chat at the church door, as members here always have."
    *   Subject: "The parishioners" (people).
    *   Action: "stop to chat".
    *   Implication: They were moving (likely walking out of the church), they ceased moving in order to perform another action ("to chat"). This is an "activity of stopping" (intransitive motion) followed by a purpose clause.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (stop%2:38:00::):** "come to a halt, stop moving".
        *   Synonyms: halt.
        *   Examples: "the car stopped", "She stopped in front of a store window".
        *   Analysis: This fits the physical action of ceasing movement. The parishioners cease walking to talk. The example "She stopped in front of a store window" is very similar structurally and semantically to "parishioners stop to chat" (stopping movement).

    *   **Sense 2 (stop%2:42:00::):** "put an end to a state or an activity".
        *   Synonyms: discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off.
        *   Examples: "Quit teasing your little brother".
        *   Analysis: This usually implies stopping a continuous activity (working, talking, teasing) rather than stopping physical motion in a specific location. "Stop to chat" means they *start* chatting, which implies they stopped walking. Sense 2 would be "stop chatting" (cease the act of chatting). The context says they "stop to chat", meaning the stopping enables the chatting. This is not about discontinuing an abstract activity.

    *   **Sense 3 (stop%2:41:00::):** "stop from happening or developing".
        *   Synonyms: halt, block, kibosh.
        *   Analysis: This is causative/transitive ("stop the process"). The parishioners are not stopping an event; they are stopping themselves (movement).

    *   **Sense 4 (stop%2:38:02::):** "interrupt a trip".
        *   Synonyms: stop over.
        *   Examples: "we stopped at Aunt Mary's house", "they stopped for three days in Florence".
        *   Analysis: This usually implies a destination or a journey being interrupted for a duration (stopover). While technically they are stopping during a trip (walking home), Sense 1 is more generic for the immediate physical act. However, "interrupt a trip" is often for a longer duration or a specific destination leg. Is this distinct from Sense 1? WordNet often distinguishes "stopping moving" (Sense 1) from "stopping on a journey/visit" (Sense 4).
        *   Let's look at the specific sentence: "stop to chat at the church door". They aren't really "interrupting a trip" in the travel sense (like a stopover). They are just ceasing motion. Sense 1 fits the physical motion better.

    *   **Sense 5 (stop%2:38:01::):** "cause to stop".
        *   Examples: "stop a car", "stop the thief".
        *   Analysis: Transitive. The subject causes an object to stop. Here the subject stops (intransitive).

    *   **Sense 6 (stop%2:30:05::):** "prevent completion".
        *   Analysis: Transitive/abstract. Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 7 (stop%2:33:00::):** "hold back... check...".
        *   Analysis: Transitive/figurative. Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 8 (stop%2:35:00::):** "seize on its way".
        *   Analysis: Transitive (intercept). Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 9 (stop%2:42:13::):** "have an end...".
        *   Examples: "Your rights stop where...".
        *   Analysis: Stative/abstract. Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 10 (stop%2:35:12::):** "render unsuitable for passage".
        *   Analysis: Transitive (block a road). Not fitting.

    *   **Sense 11 (stop%2:30:12::):** "stop and wait...".
        *   Examples: "Hold on a moment!".
        *   Analysis: This is more about pausing an action or waiting. While similar, Sense 1 ("come to a halt, stop moving") is the standard intransitive sense for ceasing physical locomotion.

3.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 4.**
    *   Sense 1: "come to a halt, stop moving".
    *   Sense 4: "interrupt a trip".
    *   Context: "stop to chat at the church door".
    *   Sense 4 is often used for "stopped at the store", "stopped for gas". It implies a break in a journey. The parishioners are leaving church. Is walking out a church door a "trip" in the sense intended for Sense 4? Usually, Sense 4 is associated with travel (car, train, long distance).
    *   Sense 1 is the hypernym of physical cessation of motion. "She stopped in front of a store window" (Sense 1 example) is almost identical to "The parishioners stop to chat". In both cases, a person ceases walking to do something else (look or chat).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most precise and standard fit for the physical act of ceasing locomotion in this context.

4.  **Final check:**
    *   Context: "The parishioners ... stop to chat..."
    *   Sense 1 definition: "come to a halt, stop moving".
    *   Sense 1 example: "She stopped in front of a store window".
    *   The match is very high. The parishioners were moving (walking), and they came to a halt to chat.

    *   Sense 2 ("Quit teasing") is definitely wrong (stop V-ing vs stop to V). The syntax "stop to chat" confirms it is the cessation of the previous action (walking) to perform a new one, not the cessation of the chatting. If it were "stop chatting", it would be Sense 2. Since it is "stop to chat", it is the cessation of motion, which is Sense 1.

    *   Choice: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the <t>church</t> door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes a physical building: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields", "the sound of bells cascading from its tower", "The parishioners... stop to chat at the church door", "In the tower...". The target word is "church" in "chat at the church door". This clearly refers to the building itself.

Candidate senses:
1. group of Christians (denomination)
2. a place for public worship (church building)
3. a service conducted in a house of worship (church service)
4. the body of people who attend or belong to a local church (congregation)

The physical building sense matches definition 2: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" with synonym "church building".
Therefore, the sense index is 2.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: door
Target surface form: door
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church <t>door</t>, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=door%1:06:00:: | definition=a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle | examples=he knocked on the door; he slammed the door as he left
2. sense_key=door%1:06:01:: | definition=the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close | synonyms=doorway, room access, threshold | examples=he stuck his head in the doorway
3. sense_key=door%1:07:00:: | definition=anything providing a means of access (or escape) | examples=we closed the door to Haitian immigrants; education is the door to success
4. sense_key=door%1:06:04:: | definition=a structure where people live or work (usually ordered along a street or road) | examples=the office next door; they live two doors up the street from us
5. sense_key=door%1:06:03:: | definition=a room that is entered via a door | examples=his office is the third door down the hall on the left

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word:** The target lemma is "door". The surface form is "door".

2.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church <t>door</t>, as members here always have."
    *   Preceding context: Mentions an ancient stone church, bells, faithful called to evensong.
    *   Following context: Mentions the tower and bells.
    *   Specific usage: "stop to chat at the church door".

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `door%1:06:00::` - "a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance..." (Physical object/barrier).
        *   *Examples:* "he knocked on the door", "he slammed the door".
        *   *Fit:* People chat *at* the door. They could be standing near the physical barrier. However, usually, when people stop to chat *at* a location like a door, they are standing in the entranceway or the threshold area, not necessarily touching the hinged slab. But "knocking on the door" fits Sense 1 well. The preposition "at" allows for a location.

    *   **Sense 2:** `door%1:06:01::` - "the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave..." (The opening/entranceway). Synonyms: doorway, room access, threshold.
        *   *Examples:* "he stuck his head in the doorway".
        *   *Fit:* "stop to chat at the church door". In this context, "church door" often functions as a metonym for the entrance or the threshold area where people congregate after a service. They are standing in the space of the entrance or on the threshold. The definition "the entrance (the space in a wall)" fits the idea of a gathering spot very well. The synonym "doorway" is very close here. If they are chatting *at* the door, they are likely standing in the doorway or on the threshold.

    *   **Sense 3:** `door%1:07:00::` - "anything providing a means of access (or escape)". (Metaphorical/Abstract).
        *   *Examples:* "education is the door to success".
        *   *Fit:* This is clearly a literal, physical context. Not a metaphor.

    *   **Sense 4:** `door%1:06:04::` - "a structure where people live or work...".
        *   *Examples:* "the office next door", "two doors up the street".
        *   *Fit:* This refers to a whole building or unit used as an address. Here, the church is the building. "Church door" refers to the entrance point of the church, not the church itself as a unit of address. "Next door" isn't used here.

    *   **Sense 5:** `door%1:06:03::` - "a room that is entered via a door".
        *   *Examples:* "his office is the third door down the hall".
        *   *Fit:* This refers to the room itself. They are not chatting *at* a room (meaning inside the room in this specific syntactic structure usually implies the room identity). They are chatting at the physical portal/entrance.

4.  **Differentiate between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 refers to the physical barrier (the slab of wood, etc.). You open the door (Sense 1), paint the door (Sense 1).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the opening/entrance/doorway. You stand in the door (Sense 2), walk through the door (Sense 2 - though often used interchangeably with Sense 1 in casual speech, strict WSD distinguishes the aperture from the barrier).

    *   Context: "stop to chat at the church door".
    *   Consider the physical reality. After a church service, parishioners gather outside the exit to socialize. They stand on the steps or in the entryway.
    *   If they were chatting *at* the "barrier" (Sense 1), it would imply they are specifically next to the hinged slab.
    *   If they are chatting *at* the "entrance" (Sense 2), they are occupying the space of the doorway or the threshold.
    *   WordNet examples for Sense 1: "he knocked on the door" (action on the barrier), "he slammed the door" (action on the barrier).
    *   WordNet examples for Sense 2: "he stuck his head in the doorway" (location in the opening).
    *   The phrase "at the door" is slightly ambiguous. However, "church door" in literature and standard usage often points to the entrance or the portal. When one waits "at the door", one waits by the entrance.
    *   Let's look at the definition for Sense 2 again: "the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave... the space that a door can close".
    *   In the context of a group of people stopping to chat, they are utilizing the space of the entrance. While Sense 1 (the barrier) is a strong candidate because the word "door" is polysemous and often used for the barrier, the usage "at the [location]" strongly favors the spatial concept (Sense 2) over the object concept (Sense 1) in many WSD frameworks. When you are *at* a location named by a noun, and that noun has a specific sense for the *opening/space* (Sense 2), that is usually the preferred sense over the physical object that blocks that space.
    *   Example: "He stood in the door." -> Sense 2 (Doorway). "He leaned against the door." -> Sense 1 (Barrier).
    *   "At the door" creates a spatial relationship. While you can be "at the barrier", the primary function of a "door" as a location in a church setting (the classic "church door" trope) is the threshold/entrance.
    *   However, Sense 1 is the "default" physical object. Let's look at the preposition "at". "Meet me at the door." This usually implies the entrance location.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 2 are "doorway", "threshold". Parishioners chatting at the threshold/doorway makes perfect sense.
    *   Comparing with Sense 1 examples: "knocked on", "slammed". These are physical interactions with the barrier.
    *   Sense 2 example: "stuck his head in the doorway". This is spatial.
    *   The sentence "stop to chat at the church door" describes a spatial location for social gathering. The location is the entrance to the church. Sense 2 defines "door" as "the entrance (the space in a wall)".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the more precise fit for the spatial location where people congregate, distinct from the physical swinging barrier (though related). It captures the "entrance/doorway" aspect.

    *   Let's double-check if Sense 1 is the intended "catch-all". Sometimes WSD resources map "standing at the door" to the physical object sense if the "entrance" sense is considered a specific alternate. However, WordNet explicitly separates them.
    *   Definition 2: "the entrance... the space that a door can close".
    *   If the door is open (likely for evensong), they are chatting at the space/entrance.
    *   If the door is closed, they are standing in front of the barrier. But the context implies entering/leaving ("calling the faithful... parishioners... stop to chat"). They are likely on the threshold.
    *   The distinction "stop to chat at the [barrier]" vs "stop to chat at the [entrance]". The entrance is the logical place to stop.
    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.

5.  **Final Decision:**
    *   Sense 1: Barrier/Panel.
    *   Sense 2: Entrance/Opening/Doorway.
    *   Context: People gathering at a location to chat.
    *   Reasoning: They are gathering at the entrance/portal of the church. While this involves the physical door, the sense of "door" meaning "doorway" or "entrance" (Sense 2) is the specific WordNet definition for the spatial aperture, which fits the locative preposition "at" in a social gathering context better than the definition for the swinging barrier.

    Let's verify Sense 4 or 5 again just to be safe.
    Sense 4: "office next door" - No.
    Sense 5: "third door down the hall" (meaning the room) - No.

    It's between 1 and 2.
    If I say "I painted the door", it's Sense 1.
    If I say "He walked through the door", it's Sense 2 (mostly, though one walks through the opening, past the barrier).
    If I say "He stood in the door", it's Sense 2.
    If I say "He stood at the door", it's ambiguous. But "church door" is a classic locus (place). The locus is the entrance.
    WordNet Sense 2 definition: "the entrance (the space in a wall) ... the space that a door can close".
    This definition perfectly matches the physical spot where people would stop to chat at a church.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as <t>members</t> here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   **Target lemma:** member
    *   **Target surface form:** members
    *   **Context:** A paragraph describing a scene at an English church (St. Michael and All Angels). The specific sentence is: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."
    *   **Candidate senses:** Five options provided with definitions, synonyms, and examples.
    *   **Output format:** JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence talks about "parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels".
    *   "Parishioners" refers to people who belong to a church parish.
    *   The sentence says: "The parishioners ... stop to chat ..., as members here always have."
    *   "Members" in this context refers to the people belonging to the church group/congregation. It equates "parishioners" with "members" of the church community.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `member%1:18:00::`
        *   *Definition:* one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization).
        *   *Synonyms:* fellow member.
        *   *Examples:* "only members will be admitted"; "a member of the faculty".
        *   *Fit:* This fits perfectly. A church congregation is a social group. Parishioners are members of the church.

    *   **Sense 2:** `member%1:24:00::`
        *   *Definition:* anything that belongs to a set or class.
        *   *Examples:* "snakes are members of the class Reptilia".
        *   *Fit:* This is usually for taxonomic or abstract set classification, not typically used for a specific church congregation in this narrative style (though one could argue a set, the context emphasizes the social aspect of chatting/tradition).

    *   **Sense 3:** `member%1:08:00::`
        *   *Definition:* an external body part that projects from the body (extremity, appendage).
        *   *Examples:* "keep the extremities warm".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. Not talking about limbs.

    *   **Sense 4:** `member%1:14:00::`
        *   *Definition:* an organization that is a member of another organization.
        *   *Examples:* "the library was a member..."; "Canada is a member...".
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. The context refers to "parishioners" (people), not an organization being a member of another.

    *   **Sense 5:** `member%1:08:01::`
        *   *Definition:* the male organ of copulation (euphemism).
        *   *Synonyms:* penis, phallus.
        *   *Fit:* Incorrect. Context is a church scene.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for people belonging to a group, club, or church. The context explicitly links "members" to "parishioners" chatting at a church door.

5.  **Format Output:**
    *   The instruction asks to "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}".
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members <t>here</t> always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "here" in the context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

Let me analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | "in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is" | examples: "I work here; turn here"
   - This refers to being at a physical location

2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail" | examples: "what do we have here?; here I must disagree"
   - This is more abstract, referring to a circumstance or point

3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" | synonyms: hither | examples: "come here, please"
   - This is about motion toward a place

4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | "at this time; now" | examples: "we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon"
   - This is temporal

Now looking at the context:
"The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

The sentence is describing a tradition where members (parishioners) of this church stop to chat at the church door, just as members at this place (the church) have always done. The "here" refers to the physical location - the church, St. Michael and All Angels.

"as members here always have" means "as members at this place always have [done]"

This is clearly sense 1 - referring to a physical place/location. The parishioners are at the church door, and "here" refers to that physical location.

Sense 2 doesn't fit because this isn't about a circumstance or point of disagreement/agreement.
Sense 3 doesn't fit because there's no motion toward anything.
Sense 4 doesn't fit because it's not temporal.

The answer is sense_index:1

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here <t>always</t> have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.     *   Meaning in context: It refers to a habitual action or a tradition. The members have chatted at the door in the past and continue to do so. It suggests a custom that is repeated every time they meet. It expresses a habitual occurrence or a persistent tradition.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `always%4:02:00::` | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time.
        *   *Analysis:* This is a very general sense covering "on every occasion". The context "as members here always have" implies "on every occasion in the past up to now". This fits well with the idea of a habit or custom. The members chat *every time* they meet.

    *   **Sense 2:** `always%4:02:04::` | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time.
        *   *Analysis:* This is similar to Sense 1 but focuses on "invariably" or "constantly". While the action is habitual, "invariably" is often used for specific traits or outcomes (like being kind or arriving on time). "Always" here is interchangeable with "invariably" in some contexts, but Sense 1 seems more fundamental for "on every occasion". Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 closely. Sense 1 is "at all times; all the time". Sense 2 is "without variation or change". In the context of "as members here always have", it refers to the repetition of the action on every occasion of their meeting. Sense 1 captures "on every occasion" very well.

    *   **Sense 3:** `always%4:02:03::` | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing.
        *   *Analysis:* This implies continuity without stopping. The members haven't been chatting at the door "incessantly" or "without interruption" since the beginning of time. They stop to chat when they leave church. They do it habitually, not continuously without a break. Sense 3 is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `always%4:02:02::` | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is used for possibilities or suggestions (often with "can" or "could"). "You can always do X". The context is describing a past/present habitual fact, not a future possibility. Sense 4 is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** `always%4:02:01::` | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense refers to an infinite duration into the future (or past). While the tradition extends into the past, the sentence describes a custom, not necessarily "forever" in the poetic or eternal sense. It's about recurrence on occasions.

3.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   The choice is primarily between Sense 1 ("at all times; all the time and on every occasion") and Sense 2 ("without variation or change, in every case").
    *   WordNet 3.0/3.1 distinctions:
        *   Sense 1 (often cited as 00024309-r) covers "at all times; all the time and on every occasion".
        *   Sense 2 (often cited as 00024514-r) covers "without variation or change, in every case" (synonyms: constantly, invariably).
    *   Context: "as members here always have [stopped to chat]".
    *   This indicates a custom. Customs are actions performed "on every occasion".
    *   Sense 1 is the most general and common sense for habitual actions. "I will always be there" (Sense 1 example) implies dependability on every occasion. "Always arrives on time" (Sense 1 example) is a habit.
    *   Sense 2 examples: "constantly kind", "he always arrives on time". Note that "always arrives on time" is listed under Sense 1 in my and gracious; he always arrives on time".
    *   Wait, "he always arrives on time" appears in both Sense 1 and Sense 2 examples in the prompt text?
        *   Prompt says: Sense 1 examples: ...; always arrives on time.
        *   Prompt says: Sense 2 examples: ...; he always arrives on time.
    *   Okay, let's look at the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion".
        *   Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case".
    *   The phrase "as members here always have" refers to the repeated action in the past. "They have always done this". This aligns with "on every occasion" (Sense 1).
    *   Is it Sense 2 ("invariably")? "As members here invariably have"? Yes, that works too.
    *   However, Sense 1 is usually the default for "always" indicating habit/custom (frequency 100%). Sense 2 often carries a nuance of "predictably" or "inherently" (like being kind).
    *   Let's look at standard WSD annotations for this usage. "Always" indicating habit is usually mapped to the sense meaning "at all times" or "on every occasion".
    *   The sentence "as members here's check the Synonyms provided in the prompt.
        *   Sense 1: ever, e'er.
        *   Sense 2: constantly, invariably.
    *   Would we say "as members here *invariably* have"? It's grammatical, but "always" here feels more like the simple frequency "on every occasion" rather than the specific predictability of Sense 2. Sense 1 is the most broad definition fitting the context. The context describes a custom: stopping to chat. A custom is something done "on every occasion" (Sense 1).
    *   Furthermore, Sense 1 is the primary, high-frequency sense for general habitual "always".
    *   Let's differentiate Sense 1 vs Sense 3 again. Sense 3 is "without interruption" (incessantly). The chatting happens at the church door *after* evensong. It's not incessant. It's occasional (every time they meet).
    *   So Sense 1 is the winner.

    Let's double check Sense 2. If the text said "The bells are always ringing" (meaning they never stop), it would be Sense 3. If the text said "She is always complaining" (habitual), it's Sense 1 or 2.
    In "as members here always have", it refers to a tradition. "On every occasion in the past, members have stopped to chat". This fits Sense 1's definition "on every occasion" perfectly.

    Let's verify the sense keys.
    Sense 1: `always%4:02:00::` -> usually maps to WordNet 3.0 sense 1.
    Sense 2: `always%4:02:04::` -> usually maps to WordNet 3.0 sense 4? Or a subsense.
    Wait, the indexing in the prompt might be specific.
    Sense 1: `always%4:02:00::`
    Sense 2: `always%4:02:04::`

    Standard WordNet order for 'always' (r):
    1. at all times, all the time, on every occasion. (Sense 1 here).
    2. any time or in any event. (Sense 4 here).
    4. without interruption. (Sense 3 here).
    (And there are others).

    The prompt lists:
    1. `always%4:02:00::` (at all times...)
    2. `always%4:02:04::` (without variation...) -> This often corresponds to "invariably".
    3. `always%4:02:03::` (without interruption...) -> "incessantly".
    4. `always%4:02:02::` (at any time...)
    5. `always%4:02:01::` (forever...)

    Context: "stop to chat ... as members here always have".
    This means "as they have customarily done".
    Custom = "on every occasion".
    Definition 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion".
    This matches perfectly.

    Definition 2: "without Synonyms: constantly, invariably.
    While "invariably" fits, Sense 1 is the broader, more fundamental sense for "always" denoting custom/habit. The example for Sense 1 is "always arrives on time", which is a habit. The context "as members here always have" mirrors this habitual aspect. Sense 2 examples "constantly kind and gracious" implies a state/attribute rather than a recurrent event. The chatting is a recurrent event on specific occasions (after church). Therefore, Sense 1 is better than Sense 2.

    Sense 3 (incessant) is wrong.
    Sense 4 (possibility) is wrong.
    Sense 5 (eternal) is wrong.

    Decision: Sense 1.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the <t>tower</t>, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "tower"
    *   Target surface form: "tower"
    *   Context snippet: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower... In the <t>tower</t>, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells..."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `tower%1:06:00::` | Definition: "a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building".
        *   This fits the physical description of a church tower where bells are housed. The text mentions an "ancient stone church" and "bells cascading from its tower". This is the architectural structure.

    *   **Sense 2:** `tower%1:25:00::` | Definition: "anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower". Synonyms: column, pillar. Examples: "a tower of dust".
        *   This refers to a shape or an abstract mass resembling a tower (like a stack of things or a shape in the landscape). The context describes a physical part of a church building where people stand to ring bells. This is not just a shape; it's a specific architectural structure.

    *   **Sense 3:** `tower%1:06:01::` | Definition: "a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships". Synonyms: tugboat, tug, towboat.
        *   This is clearly about a boat. The context is a church in rural England. No boats are mentioned. This is semantically unrelated.

3.  **Compare context with Sense 1:**
    *   The context explicitly mentions a church ("An ancient stone church..."). Churches typically have towers (bell towers/steeple).
    *   The text mentions people inside the tower pulling ropes attached to bells ("In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically...").
    *   This aligns perfectly with the definition of Sense 1: a structure attached to a larger building (the church) taller than its diameter.

4.  **Determine the best match:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct architectural definition for a church tower.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instruction asks for a JSON object: `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 is the choice.

    Result: `{"sense_index": 1}`


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: men
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five <t>men</t> and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**: The text describes a scene in a church tower in rural England. It mentions "five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells". The key phrase is "men and women". This is a standard coordination often used to refer to a mixed-gender group of adults.

2.  **Analyze the target word**: The lemma is "man", surface form is "men". It refers to some of the people ringing the bells.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)`. Synonyms: `adult male`. Examples: `there were two women and six men on the bus`.
        *   *Fit*: The context explicitly contrasts "men" with "women" in the phrase "five men and women". The people ringing the bells are described as "men and women". This sense captures the basic biological/adult male distinction. This is the most neutral and appropriate sense for a standard count usage involving mixed groups.

    *   **Sense 2**: `someone who serves in the armed forces...`
        *   *Fit*: No mention of the military.

    *   **Sense 3**: `the generic use of the word to refer to any human being`.
        *   *Fit*: The text uses "men" (plural) specifically in contrast to "women" ("men and women"). It is not the generic singular usage (e.g., "Man is mortal").

    *   **Sense 4**: `any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae...`
        *   *Fit*: This is the biological species sense. While humans are ringing bells, the usage here is specific gendered adults, not the species as a whole.

    *   **Sense 5**: `a male subordinate`.
        *   *Fit*: No indication they are subordinates of a specific "chief" or employer in that capacity here. They are parishioners/bell ringers.

    *   **Sense 6**: `an adult male person who has a manly character...`
        *   *Fit*: There is no emphasis on character traits like virility or courage.

    *   **Sense 7**: `a manservant...`
        *   *Fit*: No indication they are servants.

    *   **Sense 8**: `a male person who plays a significant role...husband/lover...`
        *   *Fit*: No relation to a specific woman mentioned in this context.

    *   **Sense 9**: `one of the British Isles...`
        *   *Fit*: Proper noun/geography, not applicable here.

    *   **Sense 10**: `game equipment...`
        *   *Fit*: Not a board game.

    *   **Sense 11**: `all of the living human inhabitants of the earth...`
        *   *Fit*: Collective noun usage, not specific individuals.

4.  **Select the best sense**: Sense 1 is the definition of an adult male human. The context "five men and women" clearly delineates gender. It fits the example provided in Sense 1's definition ("there were two women and six men on the bus") perfectly in terms of semantic function (counting individuals by gender).

5.  **Final check**: Is there any ambiguity? "Men and women" is the classic phrase identifying sense 1. It is not generic (Sense 3 or 11). It is not military (Sense 2). It is distinct from the species sense (Sense 4).

    The choice is Sense 1.

    Output format requires JSON. {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and <t>women</t> pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   Sentence: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells..."
    *   Context: Parishioners are engaging in change-ringing (bell ringing) in a church tower. The text describes a specific group of people present in the tower performing a physical task.
    *   Target surface form: "women" (plural).
    *   Syntactic role: Noun, subject/object of the clause "five men and women pull...".

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `woman%1:18:00::` | definition="an adult female person (as opposed to a man)" | synonyms="adult female" | examples="the woman kept house while the man hunted".
        *   Analysis: This is the generic definition of an adult female human. The context mentions "five men and women" engaging in an activity (bell ringing). This fits the basic biological/social classification of adult females contrasted with men. The text is counting individuals ("five men and women").

    *   **Sense 2**: `woman%1:18:01::` | definition="a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man" | examples="he was faithful to his woman".
        *   Analysis: This sense implies a relationship role. The context does not define these women by their relationship to the men mentioned. They are simply a group of people ringing bells. It does not say "five men and their women". It lists them as separate individuals or a mixed group.

    *   **Sense 3**: `woman%1:18:02::` | definition="a human female employed to do housework" | synonyms="charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady" | examples="the char will clean the carpet...".
        *   Analysis: The women in the text are ringing bells, not doing housework.

    *   **Sense 4**: `woman%1:14:00::` | definition="women as a class" | synonyms="womanhood, fair sex" | examples="it's an insult to American womanhood...".
        *   Analysis: The text refers to specific individuals ("five ... women"), not the abstract concept of women as a class or gender.

3.  **Compare and Select**:
    *   Sense 1 is the general definition for an adult female person. The context uses "women" to denote the female counterparts in the group of bell-ringers (mixed with "men"). It refers to specific adult female individuals.
    *   Sense 2 is specific to relationships and is usually possessive or specific to a man's life. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3 is specific to domestic service. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4 is the collective/abstract sense. The text is specific ("five... women"), not abstract.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

4.  **Formatting Output**:
    *   The user wants a JSON object: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pull
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women <t>pull</t> rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to move by pulling | synonyms=draw, force | examples=draw a wagon; pull a sled
2. sense_key=pull%2:35:02:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=attract, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
3. sense_key=pull%2:38:01:: | definition=move into a certain direction | examples=the car pulls to the right
4. sense_key=pull%2:35:04:: | definition=apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion | examples=Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you
5. sense_key=pull%2:41:00:: | definition=perform an act, usually with a negative connotation | synonyms=perpetrate, commit | examples=perpetrate a crime; pull a bank robbery
6. sense_key=pull%2:38:03:: | definition=bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover | synonyms=draw, pull out, get out, take out | examples=draw a weapon; pull out a gun
7. sense_key=pull%2:38:00:: | definition=steer into a certain direction | examples=pull one's horse to a stand; Pull the car over
8. sense_key=pull%2:29:00:: | definition=strain abnormally | synonyms=overstretch | examples=I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up; The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition
9. sense_key=pull%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense | synonyms=draw | examples=A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter
10. sense_key=pull%2:38:02:: | definition=operate when rowing a boat | examples=pull the oars
11. sense_key=pull%2:38:04:: | definition=rein in to keep from winning a race | examples=pull a horse
12. sense_key=pull%2:35:01:: | definition=tear or be torn violently | synonyms=rend, rip, rive | examples=The curtain ripped from top to bottom; pull the cooked chicken into strips
13. sense_key=pull%2:35:03:: | definition=hit in the direction that the player is facing when carrying through the swing | examples=pull the ball
14. sense_key=pull%2:35:05:: | definition=strip of feathers | synonyms=pluck, tear, deplume, deplumate, displume | examples=pull a chicken; pluck the capon
15. sense_key=pull%2:35:10:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=extract, pull out, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
16. sense_key=pull%2:33:13:: | definition=take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for | synonyms=root for | examples=We all rooted for the home team; I'm pulling for the underdog
17. sense_key=pull%2:30:11:: | definition=take away | examples=pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   Sentence: "In the tower, five men and women <t>pull</t> rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells..."
    *   Action: People are physically exerting force on ropes.
    *   Direction: The force is applied to the ropes to move them (and the bells attached).
    *   Nature of action: Physical motion caused by physical force.
    *   Specifics: "pull rhythmically on ropes". This implies a repetitive physical action of exerting force to move the object (ropes/bells).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `pull%2:35:00::` | definition="cause to move by pulling" | examples="draw a wagon; pull a sled".
        *   Evaluation: This is about causing an object to move along with the puller. While they are causing the ropes to move, the emphasis in the text is the action on the ropes themselves rather than dragging something. It's close, but let's look for a better fit regarding the physical act of applying force.

    *   **Sense 2:** `pull%2:35:02::` | definition="direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" (attract).
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect. This is about attraction (metaphorical or magnetic/gravity).

    *   **Sense 3:** `pull%2:38:01::` | definition="move into a certain direction" (intransitive/motion focus).
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect. The subject is causing the action, not the subject moving in a direction (like a car pulling to the right).

    *   **Sense 4:** `pull%2:35:04::` | definition="apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion" | examples="Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you".
        *   Evaluation: This looks very strong. The example "Pull the rope" matches the object "ropes" in the text perfectly. The definition "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source" describes exactly what bell ringers do—they pull the rope down (towards them) to ring the bell. The context mentions "pull rhythmically on ropes".

    *   **Sense 5:** `pull%2:41:00::` | definition="perform an act, usually with a negative connotation" (perpetrate).
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect context.

    *   **Sense 6:** `pull%2:38:03::` | definition="bring, take, or pull out of a container" (extract).
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect. They aren't removing the ropes.

    *   **Sense 7:** `pull%2:38:00::` | definition="steer into a certain direction".
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect. Used for vehicles or animals.

    *   **Sense 8:** `pull%2:29:00::` | definition="strain abnormally" (muscle injury).
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 9:** `pull%2:38:13::` | definition="cause to move in a certain direction..." (abstract influence usually).
        *   Evaluation: Less precise than Sense 4.

    *   **Sense 10:** `pull%2:38:02::` | definition="operate when rowing a boat".
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect domain (rowing vs bell ringing), though physically similar.

    *   **Sense 11:** `pull%2:38:04::` | definition="rein in to keep from winning a race".
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 12:** `pull%2:35:01::` | definition="tear or be torn violently".
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 13:** `pull%2:35:03::` | definition="hit in the direction..." (sports).
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 14:** `pull%2:35:05::` | definition="strip of feathers".
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 15:** `pull%2:35:10::` | definition="remove, usually with some force..." (extract).
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 16:** `pull%2:33:13::` | definition="take sides with; align oneself with".
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 17:** `pull%2:30:11::` | definition="take away".
        *   Evaluation: Incorrect.

3.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 1: "cause to move by pulling" (examples: draw a wagon). Focus on the result of moving an object along.
    *   Sense 4: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion" (examples: Pull the rope). Focus on the application of force towards the agent.
    *   In the context of bell ringing, the ringers pull the rope to swing the bell. The motion of the rope is towards the ringer (sally/handstroke). The example "Pull the rope" in Sense 4 is a direct semantic match for "pull rhythmically on ropes" in the text. Sense 1 usually implies dragging something heavy behind or along. Sense 4 implies a direct tension force bringing something closer or moving it towards the agent. This is the precise mechanics of bell ringing ropes.

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.

    Let's double-check the sense numbering.
    Sense 1 is index 1.
    Sense 4 is index 4.

    The prompt asks to choose the indexed sense.
    Candidate senses list:
    1. sense_key=pull%2:35:00:: ...
    ...
    4. sense_key=pull%2:35:04:: ...

    The text says "pull rhythmically on ropes".
    Sense 4 example: "Pull the rope".
    Sense 4 definition: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion".
    This captures the physics of the situation best. The ringer applies force to bring the rope down/rotate the wheel.

    Final check: Is there any ambiguity?
    Sense 1 (draw/drag) vs Sense 4 (apply force towards source).
    If I pull a wagon, I cause it to move (Sense 1).
    If I pull a rope, I apply force to move it towards me (Sense 4).
    The text involves ropes. Sense 4 is the intended sense for handling ropes/levers/handles.

    The index is 4.