[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attracting
Context:
Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time <t>attracting</t> viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  theory indicates why the may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `attract%2:35:00::`
        *   *Definition:* direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes.
        *   *Synonyms:* pull, pull in, draw, draw in.
        *   *Examples:* Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense implies an active pulling or drawing in, often due to specific attributes or efforts. The "pulling" aspect fits the idea of a party recruiting or drawing candidates to run.

    *   **Sense 2:** `attract%2:37:00::`
        *   *Definition:* be attractive to.
        *   *Synonyms:* appeal.
        *   *Examples:* The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people.
        *   *Analysis:* This sense is more about the quality of being appealing or pleasing. It's often stative or intransitive in underlying meaning (even if transitive in form), focusing on the subjective appeal (like "The garden a recruitment process or the ability to get people to join.

    *   **Sense 3:** `attract%2:35:01::`
        *   *Definition:* exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away.
        *   *Examples:* the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies.
        *   *Analysis:* This ismagnetism, gravity). It is clearly metaphorical if applied here, but usually, WordNet distinguishes physical forces from psychological/social "pulling".

3.  **Evaluate the context against senses:**

    *   The sentence discusses a political party trying to get ("attract") candidates to run for office.
    *   Is the party "being attractive" (Sense 2)ruiting" or "drawing in". The definition for Sense 1 ("direct toward itself... by means of some psychological power...") fits the act of political persuasion or recruitment. The synonym "draw in" fits well with the idea of a party pulling candidates into the race.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers." This is very similar to "The party attracted candidates." In both cases, an entity (ad/party) is actively trying to bring in a target group (customers/candidates).
    *   Sense 2 examples ("The idea of a vacation appeals to me", "The beautiful garden attracted many people") focus on the subject being the source of appeal to an observer. "The Republican Party may have a difficult time appealing viable candidates" sounds slightly off compared to "pulling in" or "drawing in". The nuance is subtle, but Sense 1 often implies the active gathering or successful pulling of specific targets (candidates), whereas Sense 2 implies the quality of being liked.
    *   Furthermore, the object "viable candidates" implies a selection process where the party wants to *draw* specific people in. Sense 1 is defined as "direct toward itself...". This matches the recruitment context.
    *   Sense 2 is defined as "be attractive to". While the party needs to be attractive, the sentence "have a difficult time attracting..." is essentially "have a difficult time drawing in...". Sense 1 captures the successful result of the attraction (the candidates coming to the party).

4.  **Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2 in detail:**
    *   Sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers." -> The party is trying". This prevents the attraction. The party fails to "pull" them in because the conditions repel them. The definition of Sense 1 mentions "psychological power" or "physical attributes". The party tries to use its attributes torasing "time attracting" suggests a process of recruitment/gathering. Sense 1 fits this process better ("direct toward itself").

    Let's check the sense keys provided in the prompt.
    1. `attract%2:35:00::` (direct toward itself...)
    2. `attract%2:37:00::` (be attractive to...)

    The sentence: "...difficult time attracting viable candidates..."
    Meaning: ...difficult time drawing/pulling in viable candidates...
    This aligns with Sense 1.

    Let's consider if it could be Sense 2.
    "Why the Republican Party may have a difficult time appealing to viable candidates."
    While close, the focus is on the *acquisition* of candidates (getting them to run), not just the party's general likeability. The goal is to get them *in*. Sense 1 includes "pull in" and "draw in". The party wants to draw them into the race.

    Decision: Sense 1 is the best fit. It covers the act of drawing people in, similar to customers or attention.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "attracting viable candidates".
    *   Synonyms in Sense 1: pull, pull in, draw. "The party is having trouble pulling in candidates." -> Fits perfectly.
    *   Synonyms in Sense 2: appeal. "The party is having trouble appealing candidates." -> Doesn't work grammatically (usually appeals *to*). "The party is having trouble appealing to candidates" would work, but the direct object "viable candidates" suggests the transitive "pulling" sense (Sense 1) where the object is the entity being drawn.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

    Index: 1.

provider: Amazon Bedrock


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable <t>candidates</t> for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   The text discusses political science theory regarding legislators, voters, and elections.
    *   Specific phrases around "candidates":
        *   "...attracting viable candidates for congressional office."
        *   "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."
        *   "...prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
    *   The context clearly refers to people running for a specific public office (Congress).

2.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "a politician who is running for public office".
    *   Synonyms: "campaigner, nominee".
    *   Fit: This fits perfectly. The text talks about people running for congressional office. The synonym "campaigner" aligns with "running" mentioned in the next sentence ("Potential candidates may be discouraged from running...").

3.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)".
    *   Synonyms: "prospect".
    *   Fit: This sense is broader. It covers people considered for a job or honor, not necessarily those actively campaigning in an election. While a candidate *is* considered for the office, Sense 1 is more specific to the political election context ("running for public office"). The text explicitly mentions "running" and "congressional office" in an election context.

4.  **Compare Senses:**
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for a political candidate running in an election.
    *   Sense 2 is often used for job applicants or potential recipients of honors (e.g., "a candidate for the surgery").
    *   The text says "candidates for congressional office" and mentions "running for re-election" nearby. This is an election context. Sense 1 captures the "running for public office" aspect specifically.

5.  **Conclusion:**
    *   The context is about elections ("running", "defeat", "re-election", "congressional office").
    *   Sense 1 defines a politician running for public office.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

6.  **Format Output:**
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: office
Context:
Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional <t>office</t>. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: "office"
    *   Target surface form: "office"
    *   Context segment: "...Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional <t>office</t>."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses legislators, voting behavior, incumbency, re-election, and the role of representatives. The phrase "congressional office" refers to a specific job/position within the government structure (being a member of Congress).

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed` (e.g., a physical room/building).
        *   *Evaluation:* The context is about "attracting viable candidates for congressional office". Candidates run for a position/job, not for a specific building or room. This is unlikely.

    *   **Sense 2:** `an administrative unit of government` (agency, bureau).
        *   *Evaluation:* A congressional seat is not an administrative unit or agency. Congress is the legislative branch, not a bureaucratic agency.

    *   **Sense 3:** `the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group` (function, role).
        *   *Evaluation:* While a congressperson has a role, the phrase "candidates for congressional office" implies running for the *position* itself, not just the abstract function. One runs *for* an office (position), not *for* a function.

    *   **Sense 4:** `(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power` (power).
        *   *Evaluation:* This usually appears in phrases like "in office" or "out of office" denoting the state of holding power. The target phrase is "candidates for congressional office". This refers to the specific position one runs for. While related to power, the sense of "office" as the *position itself* (a job) is stronger here than the abstract state of being in power.

    *   **Sense 5:** `professional or clerical workers in an office` (office staff).
        *   *Evaluation:* Grammatically plural or collective. "Congressional office" here is singular and refers to the job, not the staff.

    *   **Sense 6:** `a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities`.
        *   *Evaluation:* Irrelevant context.

    *   **Sense 7:** `a job in an organization` (position, post, berth, spot, billet, place).
        *   *Evaluation:* This fits perfectly. A "congressional office" is a specific job or position in the government (organization). People are "candidates *for*" this position. The synonyms "position" or "post" fit naturally ("candidates for the congressional post").

3.  **Compare Sense 4 and Sense 7:**
    *   Sense 4 focuses on the *state* of holding power ("being in office").
    *   Sense 7 focuses on the *position/job* itself ("a job in an organization").
    *   The phrase "attracting candidates for congressional office" implies a vacancy or a specific role to be filled. You run for the *job* (Sense 7). Once you win, you are "in office" (Sense 4). The preposition "for" strongly suggests the target is the entity/position being sought.
    *   Let's look at WordNet sense distinctions. Sense 7 is defined as "a job in an organization".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 again: "holding an office means being in power".
    *   The text says "attracting viable candidates for congressional office".
    *   If I replace "office" with synonyms:
        *   Candidates for congressional *power*? (Awkward, though related to Sense 4).
        *   Candidates for congressional *position/post/job*? (Fits perfectly - Sense 7).
    *   Let's check the examples for Sense 7: "he occupied a post in the treasury".
    *   Let's check the context again: "security in office" appears earlier. That is Sense 4 (being in power). But the specific target instance is "candidates for congressional office".
    *   When you run for office, you are running for a seat/position.
    *   WordNet usually distinguishes between the abstract "power" sense (often idiomatic "in office") and the "position/post" sense.
    *   Example for Sense 7: "he occupied a post in the treasury".
    *   Target: "candidates for congressional office".
    *   This refers to the specific seat or position available in Congress.

    Therefore, Sense 7 is the correct choice.

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 7 matches "a job in an organization" (specifically, the job of being a congressperson).

    *   Sense 4 is for phrases like "in office" or "hold office" in the sense of tenure. While one holds the office (Sense 7), the specific definition of Sense 4 emphasizes the power/tenure aspect ("holding an office means being in power"). The target here is the object of the preposition "for" — the thing being sought by candidates. That thing is the job/position.

5.  **Output Generation:**
    *   Selected sense_index: 7.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potential
Target surface form: Potential
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. <t>Potential</t> candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word**: The target word is "Potential" (adjective) modifying "candidates". The phrase is "Potential candidates".

2.  **Analyze the context**:
    *   The sentence is: "<t>Potential</t> candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
    *   Further context: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..."
    *   The text discusses people who *could* run for office but might be discouraged. They are "prospective" candidates. They haven't run yet, but they are the pool from which candidates are drawn.

3.  **Analyze the candidate senses**:

    *   **Sense 1**: `potential%3:00:00::`
        *   Definition: "existing in possibility"
        *   Synonyms: "possible"
        *   Examples: "a potential problem", "possible uses of nuclear power"
        *   Analysis: This sense emphasizes something that *could* happen or exist, often contrasting with actuality. It's a very broad, abstract sense. "Potential candidates" fits this loosely—people who could be candidates.

    *   **Sense 2**: `potential%5:00:00:prospective:00`
        *   Definition: "expected to become or be; in prospect"
        *   Synonyms: "likely" (note: WordNet often lists 'prospective' as a synonym for this sense, and the sense key includes 'prospective').
        *   Examples: "potential clients"
        *   Analysis: This sense is often used with people (clients, buyers, candidates) who are viewed as future actors in a specific role. In the text, "potential candidates" refers to people likely to run or expected to run (unless discouraged). The phrase "prospective defeat" or "prospective candidate" aligns well here. The example "potential clients" is structurally identical to "potential candidates". These are individuals who are prospective entrants into a market or race.

4.  **Compare Senses 1 and 2**:
    *   Sense 1 is "existing in possibility". While a potential candidate *is* a possible candidate, Sense 2 is more specific to the *prospect* or *expectation* of becoming something.
    *   In the context of politics and recruitment ("attracting viable candidates", "discouraged from running"), the word refers to prospective nominees or runners.
    *   WordNet sense 2 specifically captures the nuance of "prospective" or "future" entities (like clients). The distinction between "existing in possibility" (general capability/potentiality) and "expected to become" (prospective status) is key here.
    *   "Potential candidates" are not just abstractly possible candidates; they are the pool of prospective candidates being analyzed for their likelihood of running.
    *   The example "potential clients" in Sense 2 strongly parallels "potential candidates".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit because it captures the idea of prospective individuals likely to fill a role, rather than just a theoretical possibility.

5.  **Final Decision**: Sense 2 fits best. It describes "potential candidates" as prospective individuals (similar to "potential clients") rather than just a theoretical possibility (like "potential energy" or "potential problem").

    *   Note: In WordNet 3.0/3.1, `potential%3:00:00::` is the first adjective sense. `potential%5:00:00:prospective:00` is the second. Wait, let me check the index numbers provided in the prompt.
    *   The prompt lists:
        1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: ... existing in possibility
        2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 ... expected to become or be

    *   The text refers to "potential candidates" and "potential Republican candidates". These are people who might run. Is it sense 1 or 2?
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: "possible".
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: "likely" (and key includes "prospective").
    *   "Potential clients" (Sense 2 example) is the closest semantic match to "Potential candidates".
    *   If I say "possible candidates", it means candidates who are theoretically possible.
    *   If I say "potential candidates", it usually implies they are prospective candidates—people identified as possible contenders.
    *   Sense 2 definition "expected to become or be; in prospect" fits the recruitment context better than "existing in possibility". The candidates are "in prospect" of running.

    Let's look closer at Sense 2. Is it strictly "likely"? Or "prospective"?
    Gloss: "expected to become or be; in prospect".
    Synonym: "likely".
    Example: "potential clients".

    Let's look at Sense 1.
    Gloss: "existing in possibility".
    Synonym: "possible".
    Example: "potential problem".

    "Potential candidates" is extremely common. Are they "expected to become candidates" or just "possible candidates"?
    In political science (the context of the passage), "potential candidates" refers to the pool of prospects.
    A "potential problem" is a problem that might arise.
    A "potential client" is someone who might buy something.
    The parallel with "potential clients" (Sense 2 example) makes Sense 2 the intended target. WordNet distinguishes between the abstract capability/possibility (Sense 1) and the prospective/likely future realization (Sense 2).

    Therefore, Index 2 is the correct choice.

    Wait, let me double check the mapping.
    Candidate senses provided:
    1. existing in possibility...
    2. expected to become or be...

    The phrase "potential candidates" matches the example "potential clients" in Sense 2 perfectly.
    Therefore, index 2 is correct.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   **Target lemma:** candidate
    *   **Target surface form:** candidates
    *   **Context sentence:** "Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
    *   **Broader context:** The text discusses legislators, elections (House members, re-election, defeat), political parties (Republican Party, Democratic opponent), and the process of running for congressional office. It specifically mentions people considering running ("Potential candidates... discouraged from running").

2.  **Analyze the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `candidate%1:18:01::` | definition: "a politician who is running for public office" | synonyms: campaigner, nominee.
    *   **Sense 2:** `candidate%1:18:00::` | definition: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" | synonyms: prospect.

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1 vs. Sense 2:**
    *   **Sense 1 Focus:** Active participation in a campaign/election. "Running for public office."
    *   **Sense 2 Focus:** Passive consideration. Being "considered for something." This often applies to job applicants, nominees for awards, or potential choices not yet fully committed or selected.
    *   **Context Clues:**
        *   The phrase "Potential candidates may be discouraged from *running*."
        *   The context is explicitly about "congressional office."
        *   The text discusses the "Republican Party... attempts to field a competitive slate."
        *   The people referred to are thinking about becoming active participants in an election.
    *   **Differentiation:**
        *   Are they "running for public office"? Yes, that is the exact action being contemplated ("discouraged from running").
        *   Are they "considered for something"? They are potential runners. While they are being considered *by* the party or financial backers, the core meaning of "candidate" in a political context usually leans heavily on the aspect of running/campaigning.
        *   However, let's look at the modifiers. "Potential candidates." A "potential candidate" is someone who *could* run but hasn't officially started or is just being thought of.
        *   Let's check the definition of Sense 2 again: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)". This fits things like "PhD candidate" (candidate for a degree) or "candidate for surgery."
        *   Let's check Sense 1 again: "a politician who is running for public office."
    *   **Crucial distinction:** Is a "potential candidate" running yet? No, they might be discouraged *from* running. So strictly speaking, they aren't "running" *yet*.
    *   However, in political science contexts (like the provided text), "candidate" almost exclusively refers to Sense 1. The word "potential" modifies the noun "candidate" to indicate the pre-campaign stage. The entity itself is defined by the role of running for office.
    *   Let's look at the examples/synonyms for Sense 1: "campaigner", "nominee". This fits the political domain perfectly.
    *   Let's look at the examples/synonyms for Sense 2: "prospect". This fits general selection processes (e.g., a job candidate).
    *   The text contrasts "candidates" with the act of "running for re-election" (mentioned earlier regarding incumbents) and now discusses new people running. Even though they are "potential", they are defined within the schema of "running for public office".
    *   WordNet often distinguishes specific domain senses (Sense 1: politician running) from general senses (Sense 2: someone considered).
    *   The text says "attracting viable candidates for congressional office." This explicitly links "candidate" to "congressional office."
    *   Is a person being considered by a recruiter a "candidate" (Sense 2)? Yes.
    *   Is a person running for Congress a "candidate" (Sense 1)? Yes.
    *   The context is *politics*. The specific activity is *running*.
    *   Even though the word "potential" precedes it, the base concept is Sense 1. If it were Sense 2, it might imply they are being considered for an appointment, but the text explicitly mentions "running" and "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" (which implies an election, not an appointment).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended domain sense. The "potential" just indicates they haven't announced yet, but the role they are stepping into is that of a politician running for office.

    *   *Counter-argument for Sense 2:* A "potential candidate" isn't running yet, so they are just "someone considered for something (office)".
    *   *Rebuttal:* In political discourse, "candidate" is the standard term for someone seeking election. Sense 2 is usually reserved for non-political contexts (e.g., "candidate for the manager position", "candidate for the chemistry prize"). The modifier "congressional" and "running" anchors this firmly in the domain of Sense 1. Even a "potential candidate' is a potential *politician running for public office*.

    Let's verify with the WordNet hierarchy/definitions provided.
    Sense 1: a politician who is running for public office.
    Sense 2: someone who is considered for something...

    The text discusses "running", "defeat", "re-election", "office". These are all electoral terms.
    The phrase "Potential candidates... discouraged from running" describes the transition into the state defined by Sense 1.
    If we used Sense 2, we lose the specific semantic component of *running* in an election, which is the central theme of the paragraph. Sense 2 is too broad and usually implies a selection process by a committee or authority, rather than a contest decided by voters (though one can be a candidate for a party nomination).
    However, "running for public office" is the standard definition for political candidates. The individuals here are considering entering that specific state.

    Let's check usage.
    "Congressional candidates" -> Sense 1.
    "Viable candidates for congressional office" -> Sense 1.
    "Potential candidates" -> They are potential instances of Sense 1.
    If the text said "candidates for the job of CEO", it would be Sense 2.
    Because the goal is "public office" via an "election" (defeat/opponent), Sense 1 is the correct specific sense.

    Therefore, index 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discourage
Target surface form: discouraged
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be <t>discouraged</t> from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discourage%2:32:01:: | definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
2. sense_key=discourage%2:37:00:: | definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged
3. sense_key=discourage%2:32:02:: | definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | synonyms=warn, admonish, monish | examples=I warned him not to go too far; I warn you against false assumptions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "discouraged" in this text.

The context is about potential candidates being "discouraged" from running for office. Let me examine the relevant sentence:

"Potential candidates may be <t>discouraged</t> from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

This is saying that potential Republican candidates are being deterred or prevented from running for office, not so much because of the salary, but because they might lose to a Democratic opponent.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. discourage%2:32:01:: | definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
   This sense is about trying to prevent something or showing opposition to something. The example shows discouraging a practice.

2. discourage%2:37:00:: | definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged
   This sense is about making someone feel discouraged or taking away their hope/courage.

3. discourage%2:32:02:: | definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | synonyms=warn, admonish, monish | examples=I warned him not to go too far; I warn you against false assumptions
   This sense is about warning or admonishing someone about their behavior.

In the context, the word "discouraged" is being used to describe how potential candidates are deterred or prevented from running for office. The context is discussing how certain factors discourage or deter potential Republican candidates from running for congressional office.

Looking at the definitions:
- Sense 1 talks about trying to prevent something or showing opposition, with "deter" as a synonym. This aligns well with the context where potential candidates are being deterred from running.
- Sense 2 talks about making someone feel discouraged or taking away their hope. While candidates might feel discouraged, the text is specifically about them being deterred from running, not necessarily about their emotional state.
- Sense 3 talks about warning or admonishing someone. This doesn't seem to fit the context as well.

Sense 1 seems to be the best fit. The text is talking about factors that deter or prevent potential candidates from running for office, which aligns with the definition "try to prevent; show opposition to" and the synonym "deter."

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: run
Target surface form: running
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from <t>running</t> less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. sense_key=run%2:41:01:: | definition=make without a miss
25. sense_key=run%2:40:06:: | definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. sense_key=run%2:38:10:: | definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. sense_key=run%2:38:08:: | definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. sense_key=run%2:38:03:: | definition=sail before the wind
29. sense_key=run%2:38:05:: | definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. sense_key=run%2:42:05:: | definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. sense_key=run%2:41:04:: | definition=set animals loose to graze
32. sense_key=run%2:38:02:: | definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. sense_key=run%2:38:06:: | definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. sense_key=run%2:38:13:: | definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. sense_key=run%2:38:09:: | definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. sense_key=run%2:33:02:: | definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. sense_key=run%2:33:01:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. sense_key=run%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. sense_key=run%2:30:00:: | definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. sense_key=run%2:30:01:: | definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. sense_key=run%2:30:04:: | definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "running" in the context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

The context is clearly about political candidates who are considering running for office (specifically congressional office). The sentence discusses potential Republican candidates who might be discouraged from "running" for Congress.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. run%2:38:00:: - move fast by using one's feet - Not about physical running
2. run%2:38:04:: - flee; take to one's heels - Not about fleeing
3. run%2:42:00:: - stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope - Not about extending
4. run%2:41:02:: - direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. - Not about managing something
5. run%2:42:04:: - have a particular form - Not about form
6. run%2:38:01:: - move along, of liquids - Not about liquid flowing
7. run%2:35:00:: - perform as expected when applied - Not about functioning
8. run%2:42:07:: - change or be different within limits - Not about ranging
9. run%2:33:06:: - run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year? - THIS IS IT! This is about running for political office.
10. run%2:36:01:: - cause to emit recorded audio or video - Not about playing media
11. run%2:38:11:: - move about freely and without restraint - Not about running around
12. run%2:42:01:: - have a tendency or disposition - Not about tendencies
13. run%2:35:04:: - be operating, running or functioning - Not about machinery operating
14. run%2:30:03:: - change from one state to another - Not about state changes
15. run%2:30:07:: - cause to perform - Not about causing performance
16. run%2:42:02:: - be affected by; be subjected to - Not about being affected
17. run%2:42:03:: - continue to exist - Not about persisting
18. run%2:42:06:: - occur persistently - Not about recurring
19. run%2:41:00:: - carry out a process or program - Not about computer programs
20. run%2:36:02:: - include as the content; broadcast - Not about broadcasting
21. run%2:36:00:: - carry out - Not about errands
22. run%2:35:01:: - pass over, across, or through - Not about passing through
23. run%2:42:08:: - cause something to pass or lead somewhere - Not about leading
24. run%2:41:01:: - make without a miss - Not relevant
25. run%2:40:06:: - deal in illegally - Not about smuggling
26. run%2:38:10:: - cause an animal to move fast - Not about animals
27. run%2:38:08:: - be diffused - Not about colors bleeding
28. run%2:38:03:: - sail before the wind - Not about sailing
29. run%2:38:05:: - cover by running; run a certain distance - Not about running distance
30. run%2:42:05:: - extend or continue for a certain period of time - Not about duration
31. run%2:41:04:: - set animals loose to graze - Not about animals grazing
32. run%2:38:02:: - keep company - Not about keeping company
33. run%2:38:06:: - run with the ball; in such sports as football - Not about sports
34. run%2:38:13:: - travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means - Not about traveling
35. run%2:38:09:: - travel a route regularly - Not about regular travel
36. run%2:33:02:: - pursue for food or sport - Not about hunting
37. run%2:33:01:: - compete in a race - Not about racing (this is about racing sports, not political races)
38. run%2:30:02:: - progress by being changed - Not about progression
39. run%2:30:00:: - reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state - Not about melting
40. run%2:30:01:: - come unraveled or undone - Not about fabric unraveling
41. run%2:30:04:: - become undone - Not about unraveling

Sense 9 is clearly the correct one: "run, stand, or compete for an office or a position" with the synonym "campaign" and the example "Who's running for treasurer this year?"

This perfectly matches the context of potential candidates running for congressional office.

So the answer is sense_index: 9

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prospect
Target surface form: prospect
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the <t>prospect</t> of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prospect%1:26:00:: | definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=chance | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent
2. sense_key=prospect%1:09:01:: | definition=belief about (or mental picture of) the future | synonyms=expectation, outlook
3. sense_key=prospect%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=candidate
4. sense_key=prospect%1:09:00:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
5. sense_key=prospect%1:04:00:: | definition=a prediction of the course of a disease | synonyms=prognosis, medical prognosis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Task: Fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD).
    *   Target lemma: "prospect".
    *   Target surface form: "prospect".
    *   Context: A political science text discussing why legislators focusing on national policy might lose office, why freshman Republicans lost in 1982, and why the Republican Party might have trouble attracting candidates. The specific phrase is: "...discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the *prospect* of defeat..."
    *   Candidate senses: Five options provided with definitions, synonyms, and examples.
    *   Output format: JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   Sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the **prospect** of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
    *   Meaning: The word "prospect" here refers to the likelihood, possibility, or expectation of a future event (defeat). Potential candidates are afraid of losing.
    *   Collocations: "prospect of defeat".

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `prospect%1:26:00::` | definition="the possibility of future success" | synonyms=[chance] | examples="his prospects as a writer are excellent".
        *   Analysis: The definition says "possibility of future *success*". The context talks about "defeat" (failure), not success. While "prospect" often implies looking forward, this specific sense definition restricts it to *success*. Does WordNet allow for negative prospects under this sense? Usually, "prospect" used alone implies success (e.g., "he has prospects"), but "prospect of defeat" is a specific phrase. Let's look at the other senses first.

    *   **Sense 2:** `prospect%1:09:01::` | definition="belief about (or mental picture of) the future" | synonyms=[expectation, outlook] | examples=none provided in prompt, but typically used for general expectations.
        *   Analysis: This fits "prospect of defeat" better than Sense 1 because it is neutral regarding the outcome (belief/picture of the future). It covers the mental anticipation of the event happening. "Expectation of defeat" works perfectly.

    *   **Sense 3:** `prospect%1:18:00::` | definition="someone who is considered for something..." | synonyms=[candidate] | examples=...
        *   Analysis: The context mentions "Potential candidates", but the target "prospect" refers to an *event* (defeat), not a person. So, Sense 3 is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 4:** `prospect%1:09:00::` | definition="the visual percept of a region" | synonyms=[view, aspect, scene, vista, panorama] | examples=...
        *   Analysis: This is the physical landscape sense. "prospect of defeat" is abstract, not a landscape. Incorrect.

    *   **Sense 5:** `prospect%1:04:00::` | definition="a prediction of the course of a disease" | synonyms=[prognosis, medical prognosis] | examples=...
        *   Analysis: This is a medical sense. While "defeat" is negative, it's not a disease. Incorrect.

4.  **Refine the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**

    *   Sense 1: "possibility of future success".
        *   The example provided is "his prospects as a writer are excellent".
        *   This sense usually implies a positive outcome. If I say "the prospect of defeat", using Sense 1 seems contradictory because Sense 1 is defined specifically as *success*.

    *   Sense 2: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future".
        *   Synonyms: "expectation, outlook".
        *   "The prospect of defeat" = "The expectation of defeat" or "The outlook of defeat".
        *   This definition is broad enough to encompass negative future events (like defeat).

    *   Let's double-check standard WordNet mappings (or general usage intuition).
        *   WordNet 3.0/3.1 senses for "prospect":
            1.  possibility of future success (often plural).
            2.  belief about (or mental picture of) the future.
            3.  search for something (verb sense usually, but noun exists as 'prospecting').
            4.  candidate.
            5.  view/vista.
            6.  prognosis.
        *   The phrase "prospect of [noun]" usually falls under the "expectation/outlook" sense (Sense 2 here). For example, "prospect of rain", "prospect of war", "prospect of defeat". These are not possibilities of *success*. They are expectations of events.
        *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct classification.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Context: "...by the **prospect** of defeat..."
    *   Sense 1: "possibility of future success" -> Incorrect (defeat is not success).
    *   Sense 2: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future" -> Correct (expectation of a future event).
    *   Sense 3: Person -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Landscape -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Disease -> Incorrect.

    Result: Sense 2.

6.  **Formatting:**
    *   JSON object: `{"sense_index": 2}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defeat
Target surface form: defeat
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of <t>defeat</t> at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target lemma: "defeat" (noun).
    *   Target surface form: "defeat".
    *   Context: A paragraph discussing legislators, elections, vulnerability in office, and the prospect of losing elections. Specific phrases: "immune to defeat", "defeat of 13...", "vulnerable to defeat", "prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent".
    *   Candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" (synonyms: licking). Examples: "it was a narrow defeat", "the army's only defeat".
        *   Sense 2: "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals" (synonyms: frustration).
    *   Task: Choose the single best indexed sense (1 or 2). Return JSON `{"sense_index": X}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The context discusses political elections.
    *   Phrases like "immune to defeat" (cannot be beaten in an election), "defeat of 13..." (the event of losing the election), "prospect of defeat" (the likelihood of losing the election).
    *   The core meaning here is the outcome of the contest (election), i.e., losing.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest". This fits perfectly. An election is a contest. Losing the election is the unsuccessful ending.
    *   **Sense 2:** "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted...". This refers to the emotional state (frustration). While a candidate might feel frustrated *after* a defeat, the text refers to the "prospect of defeat" and being "vulnerable to defeat". These refer to the event/outcome itself, not the specific emotion. One doesn't say "prospect of frustration at the hands of a Democratic opponent" in this context; one says "prospect of losing the contest".

4.  **Compare Context to Senses:**
    *   "prospect of defeat" -> prospect of losing the election (event/outcome).
    *   "vulnerable to defeat" -> vulnerable to losing the election (event/outcome).
    *   Sense 1 captures the event/outcome of losing.
    *   Sense 2 captures the feeling.

    The text is analyzing the *causes* and *prospects* of the electoral loss itself, not the psychological reaction to it.

5.  **Select Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the clear choice. It refers to the loss in a contest (election).

6.  **Formulate Output:**
    *   JSON format required: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a <t>Democratic</t> opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target lemma is "democratic". The target surface form in the text is "Democratic" (capitalized).

2.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence containing the target is: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates." Wait, looking closer at the context provided.
    The specific sentence is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a <t>Democratic</t> opponent."
    The preceding context talks about the "Republican Party", "freshman Republicans", "Reagan revolution", etc.
    The target phrase is "Democratic opponent". The capitalization "Democratic" (as opposed to "democratic") is a huge clue.
    It contrasts "Republican candidates" with a "Democratic opponent".

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** `democratic%3:00:00::`
        *   Definition: characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality.
        *   Examples: democratic government; a democratic country.
        *   Relevance: This refers to the political system or ideology of democracy (lower case 'd' usually, though sometimes capitalized in titles). It fits contexts like "democratic elections" or "democratic values".

    *   **Sense 2:** `democratic%3:01:00::`
        *   Definition: belong to or relating to the Democratic Party.
        *   Examples: Democratic senator.
        *   Relevance: This refers specifically to the US political party, the Democrats. The example "Democratic senator" matches the structure "Democratic opponent". The capitalization in the text ("Democratic") matches the proper noun usage required for the party name.

    *   **Sense 3:** `democratic%5:00:00:common:01`
        *   Definition: representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large.
        *   Synonyms: popular.
        *   Examples: democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement.
        *   Relevance: This refers to something being accessible to everyone or common. Not fitting the political candidate context.

4.  **Evaluate the Best Fit:**
    *   The text contrasts "Republican" vs "Democratic".
    *   The target surface form is capitalized: "Democratic". In US politics, "Democratic" (capitalized) almost exclusively refers to the Democratic Party when used as an adjective for a person or opponent.
    *   The definition for Sense 2 ("belong to or relating to the Democratic Party") perfectly matches the context of a "Democratic opponent" running against a "Republican" candidate.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the correct choice.

6.  **Format Output:** The user requested a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    Since the choice is Sense 2, the index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opponent
Target surface form: opponent
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: sense_index": 1}

content: sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the User's Request:**
    *   **Task:** Fine-grained Word the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>."
    *   **Candidate Senses:**
        1.  `opponent%1:18:02::` | definition: a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms: opposition, opposite
        2.  `opponent%1:18:00::` | definition: someone who offers opposition | synonyms: adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister
    *   **Constraints:** Choose the single best indexed sense, do not hedge, use context/synonyms/examples, do not return a WordNet sense key, return only a JSON object `{"sense_index": 1}` or `{"sense_index": 2}`.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses political elections.
    *   "Defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>."
    *   The situation describes a competition (an election) where a potential Republican candidate faces a Democratic candidate.
    *   The relationship is that of rivals in a contest (the election).

3.  **Analyze Sense 1 (`opponent%1:18:02::`):**
    *   Definition: "a contestant that you are matched against".
    *   Synonyms: opposition, opposite.
    *   Focus: This sense emphasizes the structured nature of the competition—being "matched against" someone. It fits well with sports, debates, and *elections*. In an election, candidates are opponents matched against each other in a race.

4.  **Analyze Sense 2 (`opponent%1:18:00::`):**
    *   Definition: "someone who offers opposition".
    *   Synonyms: adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister.
    *   Focus: This sense is broader. It refers to anyone who opposes a viewpoint, a policy, or an action. For example, "an opponent of the death penalty" or "an opponent of the war". While an election opponent certainly offers opposition, Sense 1 captures the specific context of a *contestant* in a competitive match.

5.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   The context is explicitly about an election ("running for re-election", "defeat", "candidates").
    *   The "Democratic opponent" is the rival candidate in the election.
    *   Is the Democratic figure merely "someone who offers opposition" (Sense 2)? Or are they specifically "a contestant that you are matched against" (Sense 1)?
    *   In the context of an election race, the opponent is the specific rival candidate matched against the potential Republican candidate.
    *   Sense 1 is the specific hyponym (contestant) often used for sports and elections. Sense 2 is the hypernym (someone who offers opposition).
    *   WordNet structure usually favors the most specific sense that fits. Since an election is a contest, and the Democratic opponent is the rival candidate matched against the Republican, Sense 1 is the precise fit.
    *   Let's verify the synset mapping. `opponent%1:18:02::` maps to synset `05898984-n` (opposition, opponent, opposite) - gloss: "a contestant that you are matched against".
    *   `opponent%1:18:00::` maps to synset `10465389-n` (adversary, antagonist, opponent, opposer, resister) - gloss: "someone who offers opposition".
    *   The phrase "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" implies a contest. If I say "He defeated his opponent," I am referring to a contestant. If I say "She was an opponent of the measure," I am referring to Sense 2.
    *   Here, the context is the act of running for office and potentially losing (defeat). This is a contest structure. Therefore, Sense 1 is better.

6.  **Formulate the Output:**
    *   The user wants a JSON object.
    *   I selected Sense 1.
    *   JSON format: `{"sense_index": 1}`.

7.  **Final Polish:**
    *   Check against instructions: "Do not hedge", "Choose the single best indexed sense", "Return only a JSON object".
    *   The reasoning confirms Sense 1 is the best fit for an election context where candidates are matched against each other.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opponent
Target surface form: opponent
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "opponent" in the context of a political race where potential Republican candidates might face defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Sense 1 refers to a contestant matched against someone, typically in a competition, game, or election. A Democratic opponent in an election is a contestant matched against the Republican candidate.
Sense 2 refers to someone who offers opposition in a more general sense (adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister).

In the context of an election, the opponent is the rival candidate running against you. Thus, sense 1 ("a contestant that you are matched against") fits perfectly for an electoral opponent.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the <t>extent</t> that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target lemma**: The target word is "extent" (noun).
2.  **Analyze the context**: The sentence is "To the <t>extent</t> that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..."
    *   The phrase is "To the extent that". This is a common idiomatic construction.
    *   The meaning here is about the *degree* or *limit* to which a condition is true.
    *   The sentence means: "As much as potential Republican candidates realize..." or "To the degree that they realize..."
3.  **Analyze Candidate Senses**:
    *   **Sense 1**: `extent%1:26:00::` | Definition: "the point or degree to which something extends" | Examples: "the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law".
        *   This definition focuses on "point or degree".
        *   The examples show abstract/measure usage ("extent of the damage").
        *   The phrase "to the extent that" fits perfectly here. It refers to the degree/limit of the realization.
    *   **Sense 2**: `extent%1:07:00::` | Definition: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" | Examples: "the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent".
        *   This definition focuses on physical space (distance, area, volume).
        *   The examples are physical/geographical ("vast extent of the desert").
        *   The context here is abstract (political theory/candidate realization), not spatial.
4.  **Compare and Choose**:
    *   The context is about the *degree* to which a proposition holds true ("To the extent that... realize...").
    *   Sense 1 defines extent as "the point or degree". This matches the abstract, figurative usage found in the text.
    *   Sense 2 defines extent as physical space. This does not match.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.
5.  **Formulate Output**: The user wants a JSON object `{"sense_index": X}`.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.
    *   Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.
    *   Selected index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potential
Target surface form: potential
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that <t>potential</t> Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to determine which one is the best fit.

The target word "potential" appears in this sentence:
"Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

And also in:
"To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples="a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power"

2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples="potential clients"

Let's analyze which sense best fits the context:

The phrase "potential candidates" refers to people who might become candidates - they are prospective candidates who haven't officially become candidates yet, but could be. Similarly, "potential Republican candidates" refers to people who could potentially run as Republican candidates.

The first sense (existing in possibility) emphasizes the possibility aspect - something that could happen but hasn't happened yet.

The second sense (expected to become or be; in prospect) has a more forward-looking, prospective aspect - referring to people who are likely or expected to become something in the future.

In this context, "potential candidates" refers to people who are considering running for office - they are prospective candidates, people who might run. The sense here is closer to "expected to become or be; in prospect" - these are people who could potentially become candidates. This aligns better with the second sense.

Additionally, the synonym "likely" for the second sense fits well here - "potential candidates" could be paraphrased as "likely candidates" or "prospective candidates." The example "potential clients" is also analogous to "potential candidates" - both referring to people who might become clients/candidates.

So the second sense seems to be the better fit for the context.

Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.