[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do <t>know</t> about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Nuances of "Know"**

Okay, so the target word is "know" in that phrase about education. My task is to pinpoint the most accurate sense from the provided options. Let's see... I've got a list of potential senses here. The first one, `know%2:31:01::`, looks promising: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about." The examples they give, like "I know that the President lied..." seem to fit the general concept.

Now, let's compare that against some others. Sense 3, `know%2:31:02::`, offers "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt". The example "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun" is interesting, but that sense is stronger, more absolute, right? We're not necessarily dealing with something *absolutely* true, just what we *currently* know.

The phrase "what we *do* know about education" really highlights the possession of information or knowledge. I think that is the key here. The gloss for sense 1 explicitly says "possess knowledge or information about". Perfect.

So, after careful consideration, I think Sense 1, `know%2:31:01::`, is the best match. The phrase is best interpreted as "summing up the knowledge/information we possess about education."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Target: "Education"**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "education" in the context of summarizing what's known about it and what educational reforms work or don't. The surrounding text discusses pre-kindergarten programs, early schooling effects, and parental involvement. My immediate thought is to consider the different possible senses of "education" and determine the most appropriate one here.

I'm thinking about the distinctions. There's the sense of "instruction," "teaching," the *activities* involved in educating – sense 1. Then, there's the broader sense of the *process* of acquiring knowledge – sense 3. And also the profession of teaching - sense 4.

The phrase "education reforms" is a key indicator. It suggests a focus on changes to the system of *instruction* or *teaching*. I have to consider: Is "education" here referring to the *process* of learning within an individual or the *practice* of teaching within the educational system?

"Education reform" implies changes to *educational activity*. Is "education" in this context referring to the entire scope of acquiring knowledge? It seems more focused on the activity of teaching and the schooling system itself. The text seems to be dealing with instruction, schooling, and the school system.

I'm also considering the other potential senses, like "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction", but that seems a bit broad for this context. I considered the potential application of the word in a sentence: "he received no formal education", or "our instruction was carefully programmed".

Given phrases like "educational system," "educational program," "exposure to schooling," and "education reforms," it really seems to be about the *field* of educating and instructing – the *activity* itself (sense 1).

The phrase “Parental involvement is a bad idea" is crucial here. The implication is that schools are responsible. Thus, it seems the focus is on how schools are conducted, the activity of educating (instruction). I'm focusing on "what we do know about education" from the perspective of teaching and instruction, or the activity of educating. Therefore, I believe the best fit here is education%1:04:00::, the activities of educating or instructing.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those <t>education</t> reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Best Sense for "Education"**

Okay, so I need to pinpoint the best sense for "education" in this context: "...those <t>education</t> reforms that do work..." Immediately, I'm thinking about how "education" is functioning here – it's a noun adjunct, modifying "reforms." This means the reforms are *of* education, rather than, say, reforms related to the result of upbringing (sense 5) or the federal department (sense 6) which don't fit the phrase "reforms" well.

Now, my initial candidates are Sense 1 ("the activities of educating or instructing"), Sense 3 ("the gradual process of acquiring knowledge"), and Sense 4 ("the profession of teaching"). I'm leaning toward Sense 1 or Sense 4 because they are activities. Reform relates to activities more closely than process.

I'm thinking, "education reforms" – are these reforms *to* the teaching profession (Sense 4), or are they reforms *to* the system/activity of education (Sense 1)? The standard interpretation is that we're talking about improvements to the educational system, the way knowledge is imparted.

Let's look more closely at WordNet's senses. Sense 1's hypernym is "activity," which is a good fit. Sense 3's hypernym is a "process." Okay, "reforms" seem to apply more to Sense 1's "activity" than the learner's "process" (Sense 3).

I'm really zeroing in on Sense 1. The synonyms of Sense 1 are "instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity" which fits. Examples like "he received no formal education" and "our instruction was carefully programmed" come to mind. These reinforce the idea of an *activity* being reformed. I should really check what reform fits.

While "profession" is involved, "education reforms" is most often used to mean reforms of the educational system, not just the teaching profession itself. "Education reforms" is more about school, system of school, or activity of school.

I need to confirm. Reform is about changing the educational activity – the instruction, the teaching, the system of schooling. "Education reforms" is definitely about reforms *to* the educational *activity* (Sense 1). Therefore, I'm going with **Sense 1: the activities of educating or instructing.**


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reform
Target surface form: reforms
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education <t>reforms</t> that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reform%1:04:00:: | definition=a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses | examples=justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts
2. sense_key=reform%1:04:01:: | definition=a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices | examples=the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians
3. sense_key=reform%1:04:02:: | definition=self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice | examples=the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Index for "Reforms"**

Okay, so I'm presented with the word "reforms" in the context of "those education reforms that do work and do not work." My goal is to determine the most accurate WordNet sense index for it. I've got three candidates:

*   Sense 1: A change for the better, correcting abuses.
*   Sense 2: A campaign aimed at correcting abuses or malpractices.
*   Sense 3: Self-improvement in behavior or morals.

Sense 3 is easily out, this is about education policy, not personal morality. Between Sense 1 and Sense 2, it's a bit more nuanced. Initially, Sense 1 seems plausible because education reforms *aim* for a better state. But, I need to dig deeper and consider the implications of "reforms" being plural in the provided text.

I'm thinking, often, when we're talking about proposed or implemented changes, especially in policy contexts like education, "reforms" tends to lean toward Sense 2, where we have a campaign, a set of initiatives. Sense 2's definition of "a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices" is spot on. I'm wondering if "reform" can be countable in Sense 2. Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy.

I'm verifying the WordNet entries. Sense 2, `reform%1:04:01::`, is clearly linked to campaigns or movements. Its hypernyms (campaign, crusade, movement) reinforce that idea. The example given in WordNet for Sense 2 is "the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians." That's the key. The *plural* "reforms" perfectly aligns with the given example.

I am re-examining Sense 1, `reform%1:04:00::`, which deals with "a change for the better." While it fits *conceptually*, the given example "justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts" suggests a singular change or improvement, and is not a perfect match.

I'm double-checking the WordNet 3.0 information, just to be thorough. The example for Sense 2 is "the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians" This seal the deal.

Therefore, given the context of "education reforms," the fact that it's plural, and the specific WordNet example associated with Sense 2, it's clear that **Sense 2 (reform%1:04:01::)**, representing a campaign or initiative aimed at correcting issues, is the most precise semantic index for "reforms" in this case. It's the best fit for discussing educational policies and measures.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do <t>work</t> and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
2. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
3. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
4. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
5. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
6. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
7. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
8. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
9. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
10. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
12. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
14. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
15. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
16. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
18. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
21. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
22. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
23. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
25. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
26. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
27. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Work" in Educational Reform**

Okay, so the target is the word "work" within the context of educational reforms – specifically, whether certain reforms "work" or not. My immediate task is to pinpoint the intended meaning, the semantic sense, of "work" here. I'm thinking of a precise definition that reflects success or efficacy in implementing educational initiatives.

I'm considering these two senses:

*   Sense 3, which is about having an effect or outcome, especially a desired one. This seems relevant, as we are discussing the outcome of the reforms.
*   Sense 4, which is about performing as expected, like a machine functioning. This seems less applicable to the abstract concept of an educational reform.

Examining the examples provided makes the distinction clear. Sense 3, with examples like, "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought," and, "How does your idea work in practice?", perfectly captures the essence of evaluating reform effectiveness. We are clearly assessing whether a reform achieves its intended results. Sense 4, concerning machines like washing machines or cars, is definitely not the right fit here.

Therefore, my conclusion is that sense 3, "have an effect or outcome," is the precise meaning of "work" within the context of "education reforms that do work and do not work."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not <t>work</t>: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
2. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
3. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
4. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
5. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
6. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
7. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
8. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
9. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
10. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
12. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
14. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
15. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
16. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
18. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
21. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
22. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
23. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
25. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
26. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
27. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Connotation of "Work" in Educational Reform**

Okay, so the target word is "work," and it's being used in this phrase: "education reforms that do work and do not work." My immediate task is to nail down the precise meaning of "work" here. We're talking about *education reforms*, so the focus is clearly on the *effect* or *outcome* of these reforms. Let's consider the senses.

Sense 3 jumps out immediately: it directly addresses having an effect or outcome, especially the desired or expected one. The definition—"have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected"—is a near-perfect fit. The examples given, like "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought," and "How does your idea work in practice?", reinforce this, focusing on how something functions in reality. This aligns perfectly with assessing the efficacy of educational reforms.

Sense 4, which is about performance, functioning, and operation (like a machine), is a distinct contender, but, on reflection, doesn't capture the nuance of the term in this context. While an education reform might be *implemented* and *operated* in a certain way, the question here is whether it *achieves its intended goals*. The examples provided, especially "The washing machine won't go...", are clearly unsuitable.

Therefore, considering the intent and framing, Sense 3 is the superior interpretation. It is the best sense to apply.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parental
Target surface form: Parental
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "<t>Parental</t> involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parental%3:01:00:: | definition=designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced
2. sense_key=parental%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent | synonyms=maternal, paternal | examples=parental guidance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuance of "Parental Involvement"**

Okay, the target word is "Parental", and the context is immediately suggesting something negative about "Parental involvement" in education. That's a red flag. I need to be precise. Let's see... the dictionary definitions are offering me two primary senses. The first, biological, is clearly a non-starter here. The second, relating to or characteristic of a parent, that's the obvious candidate. It includes synonyms like "maternal" and "paternal," solidifying my understanding that we're talking about mothers and fathers, and the role they play.

The phrase "Parental involvement" is definitively about parents being actively engaged in their children's schooling and education. Given the negative framing in the text, my immediate task is to explore what facet of this "parental" role the author is taking issue with. Based on this very limited information, it looks like they're suggesting this involvement is, for some reason, counterproductive. So, sense index 2 it is. I need to keep the context in mind going forward, as I now know the use of "parental" is relating to the actions of parents in education.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involvement
Target surface form: involvement
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental <t>involvement</t> "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen
3. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music
4. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour
5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Involvement" in the Context of Parental Blame**

Okay, so the target is "involvement" in the phrase "Parental involvement" is a bad idea.  My first instinct is to zero in on the different senses of the word. There are a few, and I need to be precise.  Let's see, we've got:

1.  *involvement%1:04:00::* The act of sharing in activities (engagement, participation). This one feels promising.
2.  *involvement%1:24:00::* A connection or containment.  Not likely in this educational context.
3.  *involvement%1:09:00::* Interest and concern.  Could be related, but too general.
4.  *involvement%1:26:00::* A sexual relationship. Definitely not it!
5.  *involvement%1:26:01::* Sharing in common with others (participation). Hmmm, interesting. This feels close to sense 1.

I need to nail down the precise meaning within the education sphere. What does "parental involvement" *actually* mean in this context? Ah, right. It’s all about participation – parents taking part in school activities, assisting with homework, being active in governance, etc. It is very clearly an *act*.

Comparing senses 1 and 5 is the key. Sense 1 is the *act* itself, "sharing in the activities of a group," while sense 5 describes the *condition* of sharing.  The act is much closer to what's going on here. Considering the example: "the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities". The match is excellent.

Therefore, sense 1 is clearly the correct one in this context. It's the action of parents participating, and that seems to be the target of the objection in the original phrase.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bad
Target surface form: bad
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a <t>bad</t> idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: | definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | examples=a bad report card; his sloppy appearance made a bad impression
2. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=big | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
3. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00 | definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | synonyms=tough | examples=my throat feels bad; she felt bad all over
4. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | synonyms=spoiled, spoilt | examples=bad meat; a refrigerator full of spoilt food
5. sense_key=bad%3:00:09:: | definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | synonyms=regretful, sorry | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made
6. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:invalid:00 | definition=not capable of being collected | synonyms=uncollectible | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
7. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=below average in quality or performance | examples=a bad chess player; a bad recital
8. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03 | definition=nonstandard | examples=so-called bad grammar
9. sense_key=bad%5:00:02:unsound:00 | definition=not financially safe or secure | synonyms=risky, high-risk, speculative | examples=a bad investment; high risk investments
10. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=physically unsound or diseased | synonyms=unfit, unsound | examples=has a bad back; a bad heart
11. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:harmful:00 | definition=capable of harming | examples=bad air; smoking is bad for you
12. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | examples=led a very bad life
13. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00 | definition=reproduced fraudulently | synonyms=forged | examples=like a bad penny...; a forged twenty dollar bill
14. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00 | definition=not working properly | synonyms=defective | examples=a bad telephone connection; a defective appliance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Connotation of "Bad Idea"**

Okay, so the text presents the phrase "Parental involvement is a bad idea." My job now is to figure out the intended meaning of "bad" in that context. I need to pinpoint the sense of the word the author is using.

First, I've got a list of possible senses for "bad." Let's see... we have a bunch of options, ranging from the general "having undesirable qualities" to more specific meanings like "intense," "uncomfortable," "stale," or even something like "counterfeit."

Looking at the phrase, "a bad idea," the most likely initial interpretation jumps out at me: sense 1, "having undesirable or negative qualities." This is the most generic and straightforward meaning, essentially the opposite of "good idea." It's the most common antonym of "good."

I should compare this, however. I'll compare it to a few other candidate senses. Sense 7 ("inferior"), Sense 9 ("unsound" - in a financial sense), and Sense 11 ("harmful"). While each of these *could* apply to an idea, they all have a more specific focus than my initial candidate, sense 1. They're more niche, more specialized connotations. The generic sense seems to be the best overall match.

Therefore, sense 1, "having undesirable or negative qualities," is definitely the most fitting. It's the primary, most general adjective to describe an idea that's not...well...a *good* idea.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad <t>idea</t>. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Idea" in Educational Reform**

Okay, so I'm presented with the sentence "-- 'Parental involvement' is a bad *idea*." and I need to determine the most fitting sense of "idea" here. This is straightforward enough, let's work through the candidates.

First, I examine the potential senses of the word. I'm given five options, which is a good starting point. I look over them, keeping the context in mind.

Sense 1, with the sense key "idea%1:09:00::," defines "idea" as "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about." The provided example, "it was not a good idea," immediately jumps out. It aligns incredibly well with the sentence in question: "Parental involvement" is presented as a "bad idea." It seems like the author is expressing that the *thought* or *concept* of parental involvement is flawed or undesirable.

The other senses don't seem like good fits. Sense 2, referring to intention, doesn't quite apply here. Sense 3, a personal view, is a possibility, but less strong than the first option. Sense 4, an approximate calculation, and sense 5, a melodic theme, are clearly irrelevant here.

So, given the close match of the example from Sense 1 with the target sentence, and the unsuitability of the other options, I'm confident that sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: is the correct one. The author is expressing a negative opinion about a specific concept or thought: parental involvement in education.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Parents"**

Okay, so I've got the word "Parents" in this sentence: "– 'Parental involvement' is a bad idea. <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school." Immediately, I can tell it's not the biological definition; that's clearly not what's being discussed here. We're talking about the human sense.

The definitions I'm working with confirm that. Sense 1, the one defined as "a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian," is the obvious match. Sense 2, "an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained," just doesn't fit the context of children and education at all. This is a straightforward instance of the more common, human-oriented use of the word.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: too
Target surface form: too
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=too%4:02:00:: | definition=to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits | synonyms=excessively, overly, to a fault | examples=too big
2. sense_key=too%4:02:01:: | definition=in addition | synonyms=besides, also, likewise, as well | examples=he has a Mercedes, too

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's my analysis of the word "too" in that sentence:

**Dissecting "Too" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "too" in the sentence, "Parents are *too* likely to blame schools..." My immediate task is to nail down the precise meaning. Two senses come to mind: "excessively, overly, to a fault; to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits" and "in addition; besides, also, likewise, as well."

Given the surrounding words, it's pretty clear that the first sense is the one we want. "Parents are *too* likely to blame schools" implies that their tendency to blame schools is *excessive* or *over the top*, not that they're blaming them in *addition* to something else. This suggests their behaviour is inappropriate. Therefore, sense number one is spot-on.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
4. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Likely"**

Okay, so I'm looking at the word "likely" in that sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools..." My mind immediately jumps to the different senses of "likely," given my expertise in this area. I'm going to run through them quickly. First, I have sense 1, "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about." Examples include, "she is likely to forget." Then there's sense 2, which is more about probability or being attributive, like "a likely result." Sense 3 is about something being potential. Sense 4 is about credibility.

Now, looking at the sentence structure, the phrase "likely to [verb]" jumps out at me. We've got "likely to blame." That syntactic pattern immediately resonates with sense 1. We have the "likely to [infinitive]" structure – it's a predicative construction. Sense 2, in contrast, doesn't quite fit the same way. It's more of an attributive adjective, "a *likely* result." Sense 1 seems to be the one that is the most fitting.

Specifically, sense 1 has that nuance of "a good chance of," making it the closest fit. It's clearly the best one. Therefore, the answer is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blame
Target surface form: blame
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to <t>blame</t> schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blame%2:32:00:: | definition=put or pin the blame on | synonyms=fault
2. sense_key=blame%2:32:01:: | definition=harass with constant criticism | synonyms=find fault, pick | examples=Don't always pick on your little brother
3. sense_key=blame%2:31:00:: | definition=attribute responsibility to | synonyms=charge | examples=We blamed the accident on her; The tragedy was charged to her inexperience

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Blame" in the Given Sentence**

I've been tasked with understanding the word "blame" in the sentence "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." The challenge lies in pinpointing the correct sense of "blame" from its potential meanings, as I understand it. I start by considering the candidate senses from the data, which include putting the blame on someone, harassing with criticism, and attributing responsibility. I then consult WordNet, focusing on the distinction between the "communication" verb sense (fault, put the blame on) and the "cognition" verb sense (charge, attribute responsibility to).

My initial instinct is to use sense 1 or sense 3. But I'm now certain I'm using sense 1. My reasoning evolves through a careful examination of WordNet definitions and examples. I dig into the distinction between "blame [someone] for [something]" and "blame [something] on [someone]," which helps to separate the meaning I'm after from the other. The syntax is a strong indicator, as is the synonym "fault" which, when substituted, fits perfectly. The meaning is about criticizing or holding schools accountable, not simply attributing responsibility. I then examine the verb frames and synonyms, as well as the sense keys. By examining the context and exploring alternatives like "fault," I've concluded that "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children" is about the parents criticizing the schools. The choice is clear; the best option is the first sense of blame.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: school
Target surface form: schools
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=school%1:14:00:: | definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
2. sense_key=school%1:06:00:: | definition=a building where young people receive education | synonyms=schoolhouse | examples=the school was built in 1932; he walked to school every morning
3. sense_key=school%1:09:00:: | definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | synonyms=schooling | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
4. sense_key=school%1:14:02:: | definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
5. sense_key=school%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | synonyms=schooltime, school day | examples=stay after school; he didn't miss a single day of school
6. sense_key=school%1:14:03:: | definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed; the whole school turned out for the game
7. sense_key=school%1:14:01:: | definition=a large group of fish | synonyms=shoal | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Schools"**

Alright, let's break this down. The target is "schools" in the sentence "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." My initial thought is to consider the various senses of "school." We have several contenders, and it's key to identify the correct semantic frame.

First, I looked at the typical senses from WordNet: an educational institution, a building, the process of education, a group of similar thinkers, the period of instruction, the faculty and students, and even a group of fish! Given the context, the fish sense is obviously out. The others, though, require closer examination.

I immediately honed in on senses 1, which refers to "an educational institution," and sense 6, which is "an educational institution's faculty and students." Sense 1 is categorized as a social group or organization, an institution or establishment. Sense 6 is a "body" of people.

Considering "blame," my initial hunch leans toward blaming the institution itself, the system, and that's usually sense 1. Think of phrases like "the education system" or "education reforms." So sense 1 seems to be the most fitting.

Then I double-checked WordNet to confirm. It has those two core senses: "an educational institution" (sense 1) and "an educational institution's faculty and students" (sense 6). I then ran through some thoughts, considering what's being blamed. Is it the individuals within the school, or the institution as a whole? "Blame schools" feels directed at the educational system.

Looking at how the words are used in the sentence, "parents are too likely to blame schools" is really about blaming the broader educational framework. The sentence highlights the potential for the institution to be the source of limitations. The sense referring to an "educational institution," sense 1, seems most appropriate here. The "educational system" is often the thing that's blamed, not just the people working there. Thus, I'm confident in selecting Sense 1 as the correct usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the <t>educational</t> limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Disambiguating "Educational" in a Specific Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at this sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the *educational* limitations of their children." My goal is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "educational" here. Let's see, I've got a couple of candidate senses: one relates directly to the *process* of education, like "educational psychology," and the other is more about providing *knowledge*, essentially meaning "instructive" – think of an "educational film."

Now, let's put these senses to the test in the sentence. The phrase "educational limitations" – does that mean limitations in the *process* of learning, or limitations in the *knowledge* itself? It's pretty clear to me that we're talking about deficiencies *in the schooling* or educational process, right? We're not discussing knowledge itself; we're talking about the system's ability to impart that knowledge. Therefore, sense 1 is the relational sense, the one that perfectly fits the context – "relating to the process of education."

Sense 2, the one about being "instructive," just doesn't quite click. So, after a little thought, it has to be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: limitation
Target surface form: limitations
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational <t>limitations</t> of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=limitation%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle that limits the extent of something | synonyms=restriction | examples=I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements
2. sense_key=limitation%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being limited or restricted | examples=it is a good plan but it has serious limitations
3. sense_key=limitation%1:23:00:: | definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | synonyms=limit | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet; it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight
4. sense_key=limitation%1:28:00:: | definition=(law) a time period after which suits cannot be brought | examples=statute of limitations
5. sense_key=limitation%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation) | synonyms=restriction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "Limitations"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the most fitting sense of "limitations" in the phrase "blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." Let's break this down systematically. I immediately consider the potential candidate senses provided. We have: a restrictive principle, a quality of being limited, a greatest possible amount, a legal time period, and an act of limiting.

My initial instinct is that it refers to shortcomings or deficiencies in the children's educational abilities. We are not talking about a legal statute or a restriction as a specific act. This pushes me toward the sense that captures the "quality of being limited or restricted."

Sense 2 looks promising: "the quality of being limited or restricted | examples=it is a good plan but it has serious limitations." The plural form often implies a set of inherent weaknesses or deficiencies, which makes perfect sense in the context of educational capabilities. Thinking about it, the phrase often implies shortcomings, deficiencies, bounds of ability, or the quality/condition of having limited abilities/capacity. Its hypernym is "quality."

I quickly evaluate the other options. Sense 1, a limiting principle, doesn't really work here. This would be a more abstract limitation, not something inherent in the children themselves. Sense 3, the "greatest possible amount," is too literal and doesn't fit the context of education. Sense 5, an act of limiting, is also not applicable here.

Confirming this with WordNet feels essential. Sense 2 aligns perfectly. The example "it is a good plan but it has serious limitations" solidifies my view. It is not something fixed or imposed; it is the inherent quality or state of being limited.

Given the context, I'm confident that sense index 2 is the most appropriate choice. It captures the intended meaning of inherent shortcomings or restricted educational capabilities. This is exactly the sense we need.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Children" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "children" within the sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." I need to determine the most precise sense of "children" in this specific phrase. Let's look at the candidate senses.

Sense 1, child%1:18:00::, refers to a "young person of either sex." This seems plausible initially, focusing on the age. But then there's Sense 2, child%1:18:01::, which describes "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age." Sense 3, child%1:18:06::, brings in the element of immaturity, while Sense 4, child%1:18:07::, is very specific to a clan or tribe.

The context is key, of course. "Parents are... their children." The possessive pronoun "their" immediately signals a kinship relationship. This suggests a direct connection to offspring. Considering the phrase "educational limitations," the age of the children isn't explicitly mentioned, but that there are limitations suggests it likely refers to any children, and the relationship to the parents would seem to indicate Sense 2 is the best fit. Sense 1, while possible, is not as precisely aligned with the relationship implied by the possessive "their." Therefore, Sense 2, defining the word as offspring, seems the most accurate, matching the sentence's intended meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. <t>Parents</t> should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's my analysis of the word "Parents" in this context:

**Analyzing the Role of "Parents" in Children's Education**

Okay, let's break this down. The context clearly revolves around how *parents* interact with their children's education. The text explicitly mentions involvement "at home," ensuring children attend school, homework completion, and scrutinizing report cards.

Now, we have two possible meanings for "parent." The first, sense index 1, hits the mark perfectly. It's about a human *parent* – a mother or father, someone who raises and guides a child. The second, sense index 2, is about biological *parents* in the plant or animal world.

Given the context of education, homework, and report cards, sense index 1, the human parent, is unequivocally the intended meaning. This is straightforward; we're talking about the adults who are responsible for the children's well-being and education in this scenario. Sense index 1 is the correct selection.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be <t>involved</t> with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Landscape of "Involved"**

Okay, so the target word is "involved," and the sentence reads, "Parents should be *involved* with their children's education at home, not in school." My immediate task is to identify the most fitting sense of "involved" from the provided candidates. Let's see...

First up, sense 1, "connected by participation or association or use," sounds promising. The example provided, "we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved," mirrors the idea of taking part. Thinking about "parental involvement" in education, this aligns pretty well with the idea of parents participating or being associated with their children's learning. The context strongly suggests practical participation: helping with homework, checking grades, etc.

Sense 2, "entangled or hindered," seems immediately off-base. The idea of parents being "mired" in their children's education doesn't resonate with the intent of the sentence.

Sense 3, "emotionally involved," has potential, but the provided context leans toward a more active, practical engagement. While emotional connection is undoubtedly a component of parental involvement, the phrasing here focuses on their direct participation. So, while emotionally involved is part of it, it does not fully encompass what the sentence describes.

Sense 4, "highly complex or intricate," is way out in left field. Parental involvement in this instance is not described to be complex or devious.

Finally, Sense 5, "enveloped," is also an unsuitable fit. The target sentence is not implying parents are "enclosed" or wrapped in their children's education.

Therefore, after a thorough analysis, it's clear that sense 1, "connected by participation or association or use," offers the most precise and accurate interpretation for the target word "involved" in this specific context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their <t>children</t>'s education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Children"**

Okay, so I'm tackling the phrase "Parents should be involved with their children's education..." and need to nail down the *exact* meaning of "children" here. Let's look at the candidate senses we have.

We've got:

1.  "a young person of either sex" - This is the general, juvenile sense.
2.  "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - This is the offspring/descendant sense.
3.  "an immature childish person" - This implies a behavioral trait.
4.  "a member of a clan or tribe" - This is definitely not relevant.

Now, context is king. "Parents should be involved with *their* children's education..." The possessive pronoun "their" is the key. *Their* implies a familial relationship. We are referring to the *offspring* of the parents – their sons and daughters. We are describing a relationship between a parent and their offspring.

Looking back at the options, candidate 2, "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age," aligns perfectly. It doesn't restrict age, it encompasses the familial bond, and it accurately reflects the intended meaning. This definition fits the example context: "they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college". Option 1 could also be a possibility but requires additional support, which isn't present in the provided context. Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate and the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's <t>education</t> at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Index for "Education"**

Okay, so I need to pinpoint the best sense for "education" in this context. The sentence is about parental involvement in their children's education at home, not school. I'm presented with a few candidates, and it's immediately clear that Sense 1 ("activities of educating or instructing") and Sense 3 ("the gradual process of acquiring knowledge") are the frontrunners.

My initial thought is to consider the children as the recipients of the education. Is it about the parents instructing, or is it about the children's learning? The phrasing "their children's education" is the key.  I'm thinking about the phrase "a girl's education was less important than a boy's." This feels very similar grammatically and semantically. I remember that's a Sense 3 example!

Now, I'm checking WordNet 3.0, confirming that Sense 3's hypernym is *learning* or *acquisition*.  That aligns with the idea of the children actively gaining knowledge.  Sense 1's hypernym is "activity",  which refers to the activity of *teaching*, not the process of *learning*.  "A girl's education" means her schooling/learning.  I can visualize "their children's education" meaning the child's learning process.

I start to dig into the nuances. Can the term "education" be accurately replaced with teaching, pedagogy, etc.? "Parents should be involved with their children's teaching at home, not in school." Doesn't flow right.  It feels like "acquisition of knowledge," not the *imparting* of knowledge.

I'm thinking about "homework," "report card," and "truant". Those all point toward the child's learning process, and schooling. This all strongly implies the child's education, not necessarily the *teaching* part.

I'm starting to zero in on Sense 3. It provides the best fit semantically and syntactically. The phrase "a girl's education was less important than a boy's" is *exactly* the kind of situation we're presented with. The children are the ones undergoing the process.

Let me think about Sense 1, and the example: "he received no formal education." This implies instruction (the activity of teaching.) "their children's education."  It doesn't work! The children are the learners in "children's education," so it's most likely sense 3! I consider other candidates, but they're not a good fit here.

Finally, I think about comparing the two. I can't substitute "instruction" with "education" effectively. This implies that the parents are instructing and NOT that the children are learning, which is not what's being conveyed in the text. I'm confident now. Sense 3, "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge," is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: home
Target surface form: home
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at <t>home</t>, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=home%1:15:04:: | definition=where you live at a particular time | synonyms=place | examples=deliver the package to my home; he doesn't have a home to go to
2. sense_key=home%1:06:00:: | definition=housing that someone is living in | synonyms=dwelling, domicile, abode, habitation, dwelling house | examples=he built a modest dwelling near the pond; they raise money to provide homes for the homeless
3. sense_key=home%1:15:02:: | definition=the country or state or city where you live | examples=Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home; his home is New Jersey
4. sense_key=home%1:06:02:: | definition=(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score | synonyms=home plate, home base, plate | examples=he ruled that the runner failed to touch home
5. sense_key=home%1:15:05:: | definition=the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end | synonyms=base
6. sense_key=home%1:15:03:: | definition=place where something began and flourished | examples=the United States is the home of basketball
7. sense_key=home%1:26:00:: | definition=an environment offering affection and security | examples=home is where the heart is; he grew up in a good Christian home
8. sense_key=home%1:14:00:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, house, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
9. sense_key=home%1:06:01:: | definition=an institution where people are cared for | synonyms=nursing home, rest home | examples=a home for the elderly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Nuances of "Home" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The sentence is "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school," and the target word is "home." I immediately recognize that "home" has multiple senses, so I need to pinpoint the correct one. My initial instinct is to consider the phrase "at home, not in school," which provides a crucial contrast.

I have these options: the place I live, the structure I live in, my country, a baseball reference, my place of stationing, a place of origin, an environment of affection, a social unit, or a care institution.

Considering the immediate context, the phrases 'at home' and 'in school' are contrasting locations. This strongly suggests that "home" is used in the sense of a *location*. So, I'm leaning toward the definition "where you live at a particular time," which lines up with the location sense (home%1:15:04::) and its synonyms like "place".

Just to confirm, I'll compare it to the 'housing' sense (home%1:06:00::). The 'housing' sense makes sense with "dwelling" and is an artifact/structure. "At home" in this sentence doesn't seem to be referencing a building. It's more about where the educational activities occur. The phrase "at home, not in school" is clearly setting up a contrast between two distinct *places*.

WordNet confirms this: home%1:15:04:: is a location, a "place," while home%1:06:00:: is a "structure," "dwelling." The sentence's phrasing, especially the preposition "at," aligns better with the location sense. The examples provided for sense 1, such as "deliver the package to my home" or "he doesn't have a home to go to," reinforce this usage. Sense 2 examples refer to the structures themselves.

Therefore, the appropriate sense of "home" in this context is the one related to location: home%1:15:04::. The sentence is contrasting the physical location of the "home" with the "school" as a setting for parental involvement in education.