[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents <t>find</t> this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "Find"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the most accurate sense of "find" in the sentence "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive." Let's break down the candidate senses: I've got a list of options: from accidentally *meeting with* something, *detecting* or *observing* it, *searching* for something, to *establishing* something after investigation. There's also the sense of *believing* something based on feelings – the "I find him to be obnoxious" type – which seems promising here. We also have sensing via *witnessing*, *getting* something, and making a *discovery*.

In this specific sentence, the syntactic structure is key: "find [something] [adjective]". This points me in a direction: it's not about physically discovering something, but about forming a judgment or feeling. It's about *considering* or *perceiving* something. I'm leaning toward sense 5: "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds," which is synonymous with "feel".

This matches the example sentence in the sense list: "I find him to be obnoxious". It seems to apply directly to my target sentence. "Parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive" translates to "parents feel this romantic extravagance to be attractive." Therefore, after careful consideration, I'm confident that sense 5 is the most fitting interpretation.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this <t>romantic</t> extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Romantic"**

Okay, so the word "romantic" is the target here, and it's being used in a specific context. The sentence before mentions "a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction," which immediately makes me think of the Romantic movement and its artistic/philosophical underpinnings, placing that as a valid candidate for the first sense. However, the subsequent sentence, "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive," changes the game.

The key is the contrast. "Romantic extravagance" is directly juxtaposed with parents having "enough common sense." That implies a difference, which tells me the author is not likely referring to "characteristic of Romanticism," which can be a complex and even intellectual concept in itself.

My expert instincts suggest that Sense 3, "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic," is the most likely meaning in this case. The phrase "romantic extravagance" seems to point to a lack of practicality, an indulgence in unrealistic ideas or behaviors, which aligns with words like "quixotic" or "wild-eyed." The phrase "romantic extravagance" suggests a certain degree of excess and wastefulness, not in a literal monetary sense, but in terms of ideas or actions.

To re-verify, consider the full context: the "whole notion of 'creativity' in education" being part of a "romantic rebellion" against disciplined instruction. And the author then states that these parents find this *attractive*. "Common sense" is presented as the opposing idea. This opposition confirms my thought process. Sense 3, "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic," is the correct definition. The author appears to be critiquing an overly idealistic approach, or an approach that is attractive but which lacks practicality.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance <t>so</t> attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Intensifier "So"**

Okay, the target word is "so" within the phrase "so attractive." My immediate task is to pinpoint its specific semantic contribution in this context. It's clearly functioning as an intensifier, which means it’s modifying "attractive" to increase its intensity. I need to consider the nuances, however.

The phrase "so attractive" is a typical construction of intensification. The key question is whether there’s a "that" clause following, which would signal a "so… that" construction indicating degree or consequence (sense 7). The surrounding sentence shows the following continuation of the clause: "...so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children..." No "that" clause exists here that defines a degree/consequence.

Given that there is no "that" clause, my focus is now on the general intensifier sense. I have two relevant senses: sense 1, "to a very great extent or degree," and sense 7, "(usually followed by 'that') to an extent or degree as expressed."

Comparing the target phrase to the example uses from each sense, it's immediately clear that "parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive" aligns perfectly with "the idea is so obvious." Sense 1, indicating a high degree or extent, is the correct interpretation. This is not a "so… that" structure describing a direct consequence. Therefore, the word "so" here intensifies "attractive" to mean "extremely," "very," or "to a very great extent or degree."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attractive
Target surface form: attractive
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so <t>attractive</t>. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attractive%3:00:01:: | definition=pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm | examples=a remarkably attractive young man; an attractive personality
2. sense_key=attractive%5:00:00:appealing:00 | definition=having power to arouse interest | examples=an attractive opportunity; the job is attractive because of the pay
3. sense_key=attractive%3:00:02:: | definition=having the properties of a magnet; the ability to draw or pull | examples=an attractive force

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Attractive" in Context**

Okay, so I need to nail down the precise meaning of "attractive" in this sentence: "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive." My initial thought is to consider the nuances of the word within this specific context. Let's see... I've got a few options to consider, each with its own specific connotations.

First, there's the aesthetic sense – "pleasing to the eye or mind, especially through beauty or charm." This *could* work, I suppose, if we were thinking about the inherent "beauty" of the extravagance. But I'm not entirely convinced. The second sense, though, jumps out at me: "having the power to arouse interest." That feels much closer to the mark. Think of phrases like "an attractive opportunity" or "the job is attractive because of the pay." This sense aligns better with the idea of something being *desirable* or *appealing* to someone. There's also the physics/magnetism sense, but that's clearly not applicable here.

To confirm my hunch, let's double-check WordNet. Okay, it's pretty much in line with my initial assessment. WordNet confirms that "appealing" and "attractive" are synonyms in the sense of arousing interest. "Parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive" implies that the extravagance appeals to them, evokes their interest, perhaps even their approval or preference. Therefore, the second definition, the one about arousing interest and being appealing, is the most precise and appropriate fit here. So, the parents are finding this extravagance appealing and/or desirable, not necessarily aesthetically pleasing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these <t>same</t> parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Same" in Context**

Okay, let's break this down. The target word is "same," and it's used in the phrase "these same parents." My task is to determine the intended meaning, which is pretty straightforward given the linguistic context. I'm immediately drawn to the idea of *identity*, since the phrase essentially restates who we are talking about.

The word "same" has a few potential senses I'm considering:
1.  "same in identity" - like "the same man I saw yesterday"
2.  "closely similar or comparable" - like "curtains the same color as the walls"
3.  "equal in amount or value" - like "like amounts"
4.  "unchanged in character or nature" - like "the village stayed the same"

Given the sentence structure, the phrase "these *same* parents" is coreferential with the "parents" mentioned in the preceding clause. The meaning I extract from the meaning is definitely that we're talking about *identical* parents. These *are* the same ones described earlier. The other senses don't really fit here. "Similar parents" doesn't make any sense, nor does "equivalent parents." "Unchanged" feels a bit contrived, because there's no shift to discuss.

Therefore, it's pretty clear that sense 1, "same in identity," is the correct interpretation. The phrase emphasizes that we're referring to the very *same* individuals mentioned earlier. The writer is merely restating who they are referring to.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same <t>parents</t> do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Parents"**

Okay, the target word is "parents" within this sentence. My goal is to determine the correct sense of "parents" based on the provided context. I'm presented with two potential senses: the first is the more common understanding, meaning a mother or father figure, someone who raises a child. The second refers to a biological sense, meaning an organism that produces offspring.

Given the context, "parents" are described as wanting their children to get an education. It's immediately clear that sense one, the human parental sense, is the intended meaning. The discussion of children and education necessitates this human parental connection. The other biological sense is simply irrelevant here.

Therefore, the index for this use is 1, corresponding to the "father or mother" sense. That's a straightforward resolution.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do <t>want</t> their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Want" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The task is to pinpoint the most accurate sense of "want" in the phrase "do want their children to get a decent education." My initial instinct is to go through each sense and eliminate the ones that are obviously inappropriate. Let's see...

*   **Sense 1: feel or have a desire for.** This looks promising. The parents *desire* their children's education. This seems to align perfectly with the context. The synonym "desire" is definitely helpful here, as in the user's mind.
*   **Sense 2: have need of.** Hmmm, "need" doesn't quite fit here. While parents might believe their children *need* an education, the emphasis in the sentence is on their aspiration or hope for the outcome.
*   **Sense 3: hunt or look for.** This is clearly wrong. Parents aren't *hunting* for an education for their kids.
*   **Sense 4: wish or demand the presence of.** Also a misfit. Parents aren't issuing an order to education itself; they want it for their children.
*   **Sense 5: be without, lack.** Completely inappropriate. They aren't saying their kids are *lacking* education.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the clear front-runner. The parents feel or have a desire for their children to be educated. Simple enough.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their <t>children</t> to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantics of "Children"**

Okay, so I need to nail down the precise meaning of "children" in this sentence: "these same parents do want their <t>children</t> to get a decent education..." The context is about parents and their desire for their offspring's education, and the sentence clearly connects parents to "their" children.

Let's look at the candidate senses. Sense 1 is "a young person of either sex" – sounds a bit too restrictive given the context. Sense 2 defines it as "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" – this feels spot on, considering the parental relationship. We're talking about *their* children, the ones they'd likely educate. Sense 3, "an immature childish person", is definitely wrong. Sense 4, "a member of a clan or tribe" is also off.

The example for sense 2, "they were able to send their kids to college", is a perfect fit. It reinforces the idea of offspring, regardless of age. They *have* a relationship to these children. Sense 1, on the other hand, is too specific. I need to make sure I am thinking about *offspring*, not *just* youngsters. The antecedent "parents" further solidifies that connection.

Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate. It's the only one that captures the familial and relational aspect inherent in the phrase "their children" within this specific sentence.

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: get
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to <t>get</t> a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Range of "Get" in "Get a Decent Education"**

Okay, so I'm presented with the phrase "get a decent education," and my immediate task is to nail down the precise meaning of "get" in this context. I'm thinking, this isn't difficult but it needs a careful review of the possibilities in light of the available WordNet senses. I need to make sure I am covering all the bases.

First, I pull up the WordNet senses for "get." I see several possibilities that seem relevant: acquiring something, receiving a treatment (abstract), going through an experience, and acquiring something through effort. I check Sense 1, "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract," and it immediately triggers the synonymous concept of "acquire." Can you "acquire" an education? Absolutely, "acquire an education" sounds perfectly natural. And in WordNet, "acquire" often maps to `get%2:40:00::`.

However, I pause. "Receive" is another option, so I quickly check Sense 4, which is "receive a specified treatment (abstract)." Does "education" qualify as a "specified treatment" in this sense? Probably not in the sense of a review or a medical treatment, although it is an interesting notion.

Next, I review the examples and consider whether "receive an education" is a common usage. I consider the nuances of both "acquire" and "receive."

I go back to Sense 1, `get%2:40:00::`, which clearly points toward acquiring something, but I want to be certain that I am not missing any subtleties. I then consider `get%2:40:14::` - "acquire as a result of some effort or action".

I'm thinking, is there any overlap between these two senses? I consider whether "get an education" fits better under acquiring something as a result of effort. That is reasonable. The definition from WordNet, "acquire as a result of some effort or action," is also valid. I begin to look at the differences between this and `get%2:40:00::`. `get%2:40:00::` appears to be the broader, more generic sense. The hypernym of `get%2:40:14::` is `get%2:40:00::`. And in the SemCor occurrences of "get an education," I see that `get%2:40:00::` is more typical.

So, I check Sense 1 again: "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract." Education is abstract, knowledge-based. I also look at Sense 7, "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", and I dismiss this sense as it seems less appropriate than the previous considerations. I evaluate synonyms like "experience an education" or "have an education", but these do not seem as applicable.

I'm going to check `get%2:40:00::` again. It has synonyms like "acquire." It works! "Get an education" = "acquire an education."

I consider the examples in WordNet: "She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet." The key here is the general idea of possession. It's a broad sense and it is the sense of *acquire*. So yes, that's it!

I've carefully considered the candidate senses and eliminated those that did not fit.

I conclude that Sense 1, `get%2:40:00::`, "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract," is the correct sense for "get" in "get a decent education." It is the most natural and widely used meaning in this context. It's a clear fit and the most defensible choice. I check, again, that this is indeed the index 1 candidate. Everything is clear, consistent, and well-supported.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decent
Target surface form: decent
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a <t>decent</t> education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:respectable:00 | definition=socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous | synonyms=nice | examples=from a decent family; a nice girl
2. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:proper:00 | definition=according with custom or propriety | synonyms=becoming, comely, comme il faut, decorous, seemly | examples=her becoming modesty; comely behavior
3. sense_key=decent%3:00:00:: | definition=conforming to conventions of sexual behavior; - George Santayana | examples=speech in this circle, if not always decent, never became lewd
4. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:sufficient:00 | definition=sufficient for the purpose | synonyms=adequate, enough | examples=an adequate income; the food was adequate
5. sense_key=decent%5:00:02:modest:01 | definition=decently clothed | examples=are you decent?
6. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:modest:01 | definition=observing conventional sexual mores in speech or behavior or dress | examples=a modest neckline in her dress; though one of her shoulder straps had slipped down, she was perfectly decent by current standards

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Decent Education"**

Okay, so the target word is "decent" in the phrase "a decent education." My initial instinct is to go with the most common usage, but let's be thorough. I need to figure out which sense of "decent" is intended here. Let's see... what are the candidate senses? I've got a few possibilities: socially or conventionally correct, conforming to propriety, conforming to sexual behavior conventions, sufficient for the purpose, and ones related to being modestly clothed or observing sexual mores.

I'm thinking "decent education" suggests something of acceptable quality, not necessarily virtuous or sexually modest. Is it an *adequate* education? Hmm, that seems to fit. Let's dig into WordNet. Sense 4 jumps out: "sufficient for the purpose." The synonyms are "adequate," "enough," and, crucially, "decent." The examples offered like an "adequate income" seem right in line with how I understand the phrase in the given context.

Wait, let me verify that this is the best sense here. Let's briefly check the other senses again just to be sure. I'll scan the others, which include: "socially or conventionally correct," "conforming to propriety," and ones related to sexual mores. Those don't seem to fit the context of "education" at all. So I'll go back to my previous thoughts.

Back to sense 4. "Sufficient for the purpose." Is "decent education" simply a "good enough" education? Yes, I think so. It's an education that is of acceptable quality and meets the basic needs. That feels like a good fit, based on the way it's used in English. Just to be completely certain, I'll go back and verify it with a quick check on all the senses, and then make a final choice. Yep, sense 4 is perfect. It's the most appropriate meaning. Therefore, I can safely conclude that in the phrase "a decent education," "decent" means adequate or sufficient.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent <t>education</t> as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Disambiguating "Education" in Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at this sentence: "parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood..." My immediate thought is, which sense of "education" is intended here? I have a few candidates in my mind.

First, I consider Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing." The definition seems right, and the examples look relevant, especially "he received no formal education." That phrasing – "received no education" – feels very close to "get an education" in the context. Then I jump to Sense 2, "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction," and Sense 3, "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge." The question becomes: when parents want their kids to "get an education," are they primarily after the instruction itself, the acquired knowledge, or the process of learning?

The phrasing "get an education" definitely aligns with receiving something. I'm trying to decide between the instruction (Sense 1) and the knowledge gained (Sense 2). "He received no formal education" fits with both the sentence and Sense 1.

I revisit the examples in WordNet. Sense 1's example, "he received no formal education," is compelling. That sentence structure is clearly about *receiving* education, the instruction, the schooling. It almost seems like it was *made* for this situation.

Now, let's carefully compare Sense 1 and Sense 3. Sense 3, with its definition as the gradual process, doesn't quite capture the idea of *getting* something. We can get / receive knowledge, but we wouldn't say "receive process of acquiring knowledge". The parents wanting children to "get an education" suggests a concrete act.

When parents want their children to "get a decent education," they mean the same as receiving an education, instruction, formal education, schooling, curriculum, etc. Sense 1 provides that.

Therefore, "get an education" aligns with "receive an education", as illustrated in WordNet Sense 1 with "he received no formal education". It is clear, the intent is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to <t>know</t> what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Landscape of "Know"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the most accurate sense of "know" in the phrase "...and they have enough common sense to know what that demands." My initial move is to pull up all the potential senses the word could have. I see a broad spectrum, from being cognizant of a fact, knowing how to do something, being acquainted with a person, to more specialized meanings like sexual intercourse and recognizing something.

The context is crucial here. "Know what that demands" – that "what" signals an indirect question, a wh-clause, representing a piece of information or a fact that needs to be grasped. Given that, the first sense – **know%2:31:01::** – immediately leaps out. It covers being aware of a fact or specific information, which seems like a perfect fit. The examples provided, like "I want to know who is winning the game," show how this sense accommodates understanding a wh-clause. That aligns perfectly with the nuance of "know what that demands". Therefore, I conclude, sense 1 is definitely the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: demand
Target surface form: demands
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that <t>demands</t>. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=demand%2:32:00:: | definition=request urgently and forcefully | examples=The victim's family is demanding compensation; The boss demanded that he be fired immediately
2. sense_key=demand%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
3. sense_key=demand%2:32:02:: | definition=claim as due or just | synonyms=exact | examples=The bank demanded payment of the loan
4. sense_key=demand%2:32:09:: | definition=lay legal claim to
5. sense_key=demand%2:32:05:: | definition=summon to court
6. sense_key=demand%2:32:06:: | definition=ask to be informed of | examples=I demand an explanation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Demands"**

Okay, so the target word is "demands" in that sentence, and I need to figure out the best sense to apply here. The phrase "that demands" refers back to "a decent education as traditionally understood." My initial thought is that it means "know what that requires," but let's break it down and confirm.

I've got a few senses to consider: forcefully requesting, requiring as useful or proper, claiming as due, laying a legal claim, summoning to court, or asking to be informed. Right away, senses relating to legal claims or forceful requests seem off the mark here.

Sense 2, "require as useful, just, or proper," is the most promising. Synonyms like "necessitate," "require," and "take" are a good match. That example, "success usually requires hard work," feels spot on with the meaning I'm aiming for. "A decent education" *needs*, *necessitates*, or *requires* certain things. Yes, the parents "know what a decent education *requires*."

I'm confident that Sense 2, with the nuances of "require as useful, just, or proper," is the correct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: commitment
Target surface form: commitment
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their <t>commitment</t> to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=commitment%1:07:01:: | definition=the trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose | synonyms=committedness | examples=a man of energy and commitment
2. sense_key=commitment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action | synonyms=allegiance, loyalty, dedication | examples=his long commitment to public service; they felt no loyalty to a losing team
3. sense_key=commitment%1:04:02:: | definition=an engagement by contract involving financial obligation | examples=his business commitments took him to London
4. sense_key=commitment%1:10:00:: | definition=a message that makes a pledge | synonyms=dedication
5. sense_key=commitment%1:04:01:: | definition=the official act of consigning a person to confinement (as in a prison or mental hospital) | synonyms=committal, consignment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Commitment" in Context**

Okay, let's break down this "commitment" dilemma. The context is "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy." My goal is to pinpoint the best sense index. I've been given five options, and I need to assess each.

First, I'm considering sense 1, which defines commitment as a trait, a "sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose" – essentially, committedness. The example given is "a man of energy and commitment." While it's related, it doesn't quite fit the context. The sentence is about a group's *relationship* to something, not a personal attribute.

Then there's sense 2. This one immediately jumps out: "the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action." The synonyms – allegiance, loyalty, dedication – are perfect! The example "his long commitment to public service; they felt no loyalty to a losing team" mirrors the context’s structure: "commitment to [noun/cause]". "Their commitment to 'creativity'" fits that pattern perfectly.

Sense 3 talks about financial obligations. Not relevant here. Sense 4 is "a message that makes a pledge," which is a bit abstract, and doesn't quite capture the sense of devotion. Sense 5, the "official act of consigning a person to confinement," is clearly a non-starter.

Therefore, after scrutinizing the options, sense 2 is the most appropriate. It's the only sense that truly captures that act of dedication, allegiance, or intellectual binding to the concept of creativity as described in the prompt.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survive
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not <t>survive</t> adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Survive"**

Okay, so the target word is "survive" in the phrase "Their commitment to creativity cannot survive adolescent illiteracy." My immediate task is to determine the intended sense. Given my expertise, I'm quickly filtering potential meanings. The word's usage is transitive here, "survive adolescent illiteracy," making it the direct object.

I'm considering the potential senses. The first sense, about continuing to live through hardship, doesn't quite fit the context. Sense three, related to self-support or subsistence, seems completely off. And sense four, of living longer than something, is irrelevant here.

That leaves sense two: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" This seems promising. The synonym list - pull through, pull round, come through, make it - all suggest overcoming a challenge. The example "He survived the cancer against all odds" is particularly helpful. Now, mapping this onto the sentence, the "adversity" is "adolescent illiteracy," and "Their commitment to creativity" is the thing that may or may not overcome it. This fits perfectly. Therefore, I can confirm that sense two is definitely the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adolescent
Target surface form: adolescent
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive <t>adolescent</t> illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adolescent%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent | examples=adolescent problems
2. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=being of the age 13 through 19 | synonyms=teen, teenage, teenaged | examples=teenage mothers; the teen years
3. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:02 | definition=displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity | synonyms=jejune, juvenile, puerile | examples=adolescent insecurity; jejune responses to our problems
4. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:01 | definition=in the state of development between puberty and maturity | examples=adolescent boys and girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Adolescent" Sense in Context**

Okay, let's break this down. The user's trying to figure out the best sense of "adolescent" in the sentence "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy." My initial thought is to analyze the context. We're talking about parental concern for education, and "adolescent illiteracy" definitely references illiteracy among teenagers or related to the period of adolescence.

Now, let's check the potential senses. Sense 1, "relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent," seems promising. Sense 2, "being of the age 13 through 19," could work, as in "teenage illiteracy." Sense 3, "displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity," is a metaphorical stretch. And Sense 4, "in the state of development between puberty and maturity," is typically used for people.

Hmm. Can an adjective like this modify a non-person noun like "illiteracy"? Let's revisit Sense 1: it's relational, describing a property or phenomenon of adolescents. The example is "adolescent problems"—this is key! "Adolescent illiteracy" is *illiteracy among adolescents*, essentially an adolescent problem, thus fitting nicely as a relational adjective.

Now let's compare with Sense 2, the "teen" sense. Synonyms include "teen," "teenage," and "teenaged." While not impossible, "illiteracy" isn't *of* the age 13-19 in the same way as "the teen years." Sense 1's "adolescent problems" example is precisely the classic pertanymic sense: relational.

Reviewing WordNet confirms this: "adolescent problems" uses `adolescent%3:01:00::`, which is sense 1. Illiteracy is a problem or phenomenon, similar to that example. Therefore, *adolescent illiteracy* fits best in Sense 1. This means the intended sense of "adolescent" is indeed "relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent." Sense 1 is the clear winner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illiteracy
Target surface form: illiteracy
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent <t>illiteracy</t>. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:01:: | definition=ignorance resulting from not reading
2. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:00:: | definition=an inability to read | synonyms=analphabetism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Adolescent Illiteracy" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "illiteracy," and the provided text discusses education, specifically the tension between "creativity" in education and "disciplined instruction." My immediate thought is, what's the intended sense of "illiteracy" here? Is it about a fundamental inability to read, or is it broader, encompassing ignorance stemming from a lack of reading?

I know WordNet offers two distinct senses: Sense 1 is ignorance resulting from not reading, and Sense 2 is an inability to read, also known as analphabetism. Context is key, so I'll consider how the term is deployed.

The phrase "adolescent illiteracy" immediately makes me lean towards Sense 2. When we talk about illiteracy in educational debates or consider parental concerns, it's often a literal inability to decode text. The context points to a situation where parents, faced with children who demonstrably *cannot* read, reconsider their commitment to progressive teaching methods. This hits home more concretely for parents and teachers than a general lack of knowledge that might stem from not reading.

The text's surrounding sentences solidify this, especially the mention of "ignorance and intellectual incompetence." I initially considered that this implied Sense 1, but I am now convinced by the phrase "adolescent illiteracy," and the parents' common sense response of wanting a "decent education". A parent would be much more immediately concerned if their adolescent child cannot read than just being a little ignorant. The writer is contrasting the inability to read, with the teaching style of "creativity."

I considered that the author wanted to imply that it was the lack of reading that created the ignorance, however, the author could have used the sentence, "parents are horrified that their children are becoming illiterate." Instead the author has gone with the phrase "adolescent illiteracy." This makes me think it must be the core sense, which is the inability to read. The word "illiterate" is normally understood to mean "cannot read".

I've checked the candidate senses. After all this, I'm confident that the intended sense here is Sense 2: an inability to read (analphabetism). This fits the context of parents reacting to a concrete deficiency in their child's education and understanding the need for traditional, structured instruction.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: American
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. <t>American</t> education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture | examples=American citizens; American English
2. sense_key=american%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas | examples=the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's a breakdown of my thought process:

**Deconstructing "American" in Context**

Alright, the target word is "American" in the phrase "American education's future...". I immediately zoom in on the surrounding context: education, parents, illiteracy, and the nation/society as a whole. This screams "United States" to me, not the broader Americas.

I start running through possible senses. There's sense 1, "of or relating to the United States of America...", and sense 2, "of or relating to...the continents and islands of the Americas."

It's pretty clear cut, really. "American education" isn't about pan-American educational trends; it's about *the* educational system within the *United States*. Sense 1 is the obvious winner. It's the only one that truly aligns with the specific focus on culture, the people, and the nation itself in the sentence's surrounding environment. Sense index 1 is the match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American <t>education</t>'s future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantics of "Education" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "education" in the phrase "American education's future." My initial thought is to run through the possible senses. We've got: the act of teaching, acquired knowledge, the process of acquiring knowledge, the teaching profession, the result of good upbringing, and the federal department.

Considering the immediate context, I'm leaning toward the "activities of educating or instructing" sense (sense 1). "American education's future" seems to refer to the *system* or *enterprise* of education in America, not just the knowledge gained, the profession itself, or some specific upbringing.

I need to confirm this. Let's dig into WordNet. Sense 1 lines up perfectly: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill". It has synonyms like instruction, teaching, pedagogy. That seems to fit the idea of the "educational system" or "activities". I'm also thinking about sense 3, the gradual *process* of acquiring knowledge, but I think that's less likely here.

Let's check the WordNet hypernyms to narrow down the sense of "education". Sense 1's hypernym is "activity," which seems correct for the "American education's future." The following line in the text is "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way." - this supports the idea of the institution or profession.

Okay, let's confirm. "American education" clearly indicates the system of schools and the activity of educating people. That means it’s more likely to be the practice of instructing, not just acquiring knowledge (sense 3), or the profession (sense 4).

I'm comfortable with the association of "educational activity" and sense 1, as that's what's meant here. "educational activity" and its synonyms are perfect for the context:  "instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity".
So, yes, it's definitely sense 1! The "activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill". That's the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's <t>future</t> will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Okay, here's my interpretation of that text, presented as a personal thought process, as requested:

**Deconstructing "American Education's Future"**

Alright, so the prompt is talking about "American education's future." The first thing I need to do, as always, is clarify the specific meaning of "future" here. It's crucial for understanding the whole thing, otherwise, I could make completely wrong assumptions.

I'm thinking, are we talking about the *time* that is yet to come for American education? Is it about its prospective state, its destiny, its subsequent trajectory? Or, is it about some kind of *future tense* verb situation? Maybe it relates to commodities or financial dealings? No, that wouldn't make any sense in the context of education, I'd hope!

The key here is clearly the concept of "the time yet to come." It's about American education *hereafter*, what it *will be*. So, given that this is my area of expertise, it's about the prospective fate, direction, and evolution of American education. Let's delve in.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: determine
Target surface form: determined
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be <t>determined</t> by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=determine%2:31:02:: | definition=shape or influence; give direction to | synonyms=shape, mold, influence, regulate | examples=experience often determines ability; mold public opinion
3. sense_key=determine%2:31:01:: | definition=fix conclusively or authoritatively | synonyms=set | examples=set the rules
4. sense_key=determine%2:32:03:: | definition=decide upon or fix definitely | synonyms=specify, set, define, fix, limit | examples=fix the variables; specify the parameters
5. sense_key=determine%2:31:00:: | definition=reach, make, or come to a decision about something | synonyms=decide, make up one's mind | examples=We finally decided after lengthy deliberations
6. sense_key=determine%2:31:03:: | definition=fix in scope; fix the boundaries of | examples=the tree determines the border of the property
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:05:: | definition=settle conclusively; come to terms | synonyms=settle, square off, square up | examples=We finally settled the argument
8. sense_key=determine%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Determined"**

Okay, so the target word is "determined," and I need to figure out the best sense in this sentence: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we..." My first instinct is to consider the various potential meanings. Let's see, a few options jump out. I see a few senses: *establish*, *shape*, *fix*, *decide*, and *find out.*

Given the context, the meaning here seems to be about how something is *shaped* or *influenced*. The phrase "determined by" indicates a causal relationship, where the degree to which "we" do something will influence the future of American education. I'm focusing on "shape or influence; give direction to." The other definitions, like setting rules or deciding, don't quite fit the passive voice and the causal structure of the sentence.

I'm thinking that sense 2, *"shape or influence; give direction to,"* is the best fit. That covers all the bases. This aligns perfectly with the way the sentence is structured, and it has perfect synonyms to reinforce the decision. This is not about authoritative setting or making decisions, but about influence.

Just to be sure, I'm quickly eliminating senses like "fix conclusively" or "decide" because the degree is the factor, not a direct decision-maker or rule-setter. The key is that the future is being *acted upon* or *shaped* by the degree, not that someone is *making* a determination in a direct and conclusive manner. Sense 2 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the <t>degree</t> to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Disambiguating "Degree" in Context: A Deep Dive**

Okay, so the word "degree" is the key to understanding this sentence about American education. My immediate thought is to consider the various senses of "degree" and how they might fit here. There's the sense of a position on a scale (intensity, amount, quality), a specific identifiable position in a process, the academic award, the measure of an angle, the highest power of a term, a unit of temperature, and the seriousness of something.

The phrase "the degree to which" is a classic idiom. It suggests "extent," "amount," or "level". So, I'm leaning toward the sense that captures this idea. Sense 1, a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality seems like the closest fit: its synonyms, "grade" and "level," reinforce this. The hypernym "state" vs "property" helps narrow it down. But let me quickly check WordNet for the idiom: is "extent" related to "degree"? Yes! Extent is defined as "the point or degree to which something extends." This is a solid confirmation.

Now, between sense 1 and sense 2, where sense 2 is "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process", there's a nuance. Which of the two reflects the amount or extent? Looking at the examples, "a remarkable degree of frankness," is under the sense 2 definition, which seems counterintuitive because "remarkable degree of frankness" sounds more like the intensity or quality of frankness, as in the level to which one is frank! So let me consult WordNet 3.0. Ah, it seems both are valid.

Let me think back to the phrase: "the degree to which we allow this common sense to prevail". Is it about an amount/intensity (scale of intensity or amount or quality) – that is sense 1 – or is it some position or identifiable state in the process - sense 2?

Here's an important insight: the SemCor corpus data shows that degree%1:07:00:: which refers to the level or amount, has 49 instances, while degree%1:26:01:: which defines a point in a process, has 6. It's safe to say sense 1 is much more common for "extent" uses of "degree". Thus, "the degree to which we allow common sense to prevail" perfectly fits the idea of the "amount" or "extent" to which we allow. It's the "amount/extent" to which we allow this to happen, not a "stage" or "point" in the process.

Therefore, sense 1 (degree%1:07:00::) is the correct one here, reflecting the "amount," "extent," or "level" to which common sense will influence the future of American education.