[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: groups
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Term "Groups" in the Study**

Okay, so the text uses "groups." My immediate thought is, in this context, "groups" *has* to refer to the two patient cohorts being studied – the Alimta recipients and the comparator group. Let's make sure, though. I'll quickly run through the possible interpretations the model is suggesting.

First, there's the broad definition: "any number of entities considered as a unit" – your basic grouping. Bingo! That fits perfectly with patient groups. Seems straightforward.

Then, there's the chemistry definition: atoms bound together. Nope, not relevant here at all. We're dealing with patients, not molecules.

And finally, the mathematical sense: a set with specific properties. Again, completely out of context. This isn't a discussion about algebraic structures.

So, yeah, it's clear. Sense 1 is the winner. "Groups" unequivocally means the two sets of patients. Onto the next term.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: However
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. <t>However</t>, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "However" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. My initial observation is that the word "However" is being used to connect two statements about patient survival times. The first statement establishes an average survival time of 10.3 months across two groups of patients. The next sentence, which begins with "However," introduces a discrepancy within subgroups.

My first thought is, is "However" acting as a "despite anything to the contrary" (like "nevertheless") or more as a "by contrast" or "on the other hand"? The preceding statement sets a baseline, an equivalence, and then "However" breaks from that.

Considering the examples, comparing two things seems like "on the other hand." But, this is a general result and a specific stratum. Candidate 1 is "despite anything to the contrary" (nevertheless).

The initial instinct is that "however" signals a contrast. The first statement establishes an equal average survival time, and the "however" introduces a distinction within subgroups.

Let's test it: could "nevertheless" work here? Not really. It's not a matter of a longer survival time *despite* the equality; it's a difference *within* the context of the overall result. A contrast is being introduced. "But" would be a suitable replacement for "however". "By contrast" also works well. "On the other hand" works as well.

The aim is not to make a concession, but to show an exception within the context. This difference is key.

Therefore, the most accurate interpretation, in this case, is that "However" is functioning as a connector of contrast.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Studies" in a Clinical Trial Context**

Okay, the target word is "studies", and we're dealing with clinical trials involving cancer treatments – specifically, survival times and patient groups. My immediate thought is, "studies" here refers to scientific studies or trials, documents describing the research. Let's see how WordNet can help me narrow this down.

My first instinct is to lean on my knowledge of clinical trial terminology; it generally aligns with sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonyms: survey, study). Sense 3, "a written document describing the findings," is another possibility. WordNet sense 1 is often used for clinical studies. Given the context, I believe the intended meaning relates to the research itself.

I'm thinking, "Is it the inspection or the written report? The sentence is 'in both studies, patients whose cancer...'. Patients are *in* the study." I quickly check sense 1 again: "a detailed critical inspection," and sense 3: "a written document." Patients participate in, or are included within the *investigation*. It makes more sense to say patients are within the 'detailed critical inspection' research.

The patient "participates" in the research, which makes the most sense. So, my gut feeling is validated: sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection") is the more appropriate meaning. I'll stick with that. Let's not overthink this.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Core Meaning of "Patients" in Context**

Okay, so the key word I'm focusing on is "patients." The surrounding text immediately clarifies the domain: we're dealing with cancer patients – specifically those with malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer – and they are undergoing treatment with drugs like Alimta, cisplatin, and docetaxel. This treatment aspect is crucial for sense disambiguation.

Looking at the candidate senses, the choice is pretty clear-cut. "patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care" is the one that nails it. This sense directly aligns with the context of cancer treatment and the inherent need for medical intervention these individuals require. The second sense, "patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role..." doesn't even enter into consideration here; that's way off-topic. The first sense is exactly what we're dealing with: individuals under medical care. This is a straightforward application of contextual understanding to pinpoint the correct meaning of "patients."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Cancer" in Context**

Okay, so the prompt gives me the word "cancer," and immediately, my mind starts sifting through the potential meanings. The context, referencing "non-small cell lung cancer" and focusing on patients *not* affected by squamous cells, clearly pins it down. It’s an illness, a disease. Let’s see…

The primary, most relevant sense, the one that jumps out immediately, is sense one: the malignant growth, the tumor, the uncontrolled cell division. That's the literal, medical definition, the one most relevant to the provided context. I quickly discount any astrological associations or constellation references (senses 2, 3, 4). And I wouldn't spend any time considering crab classifications (sense 5). The target is unequivocally sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Interpretation of "Affecting" in Context**

Okay, the word is "affecting," and the sentence reads "...patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times..." My mind immediately jumps to the possible senses, which I've categorized. Given my expertise, I'm quickly filtering them. I'm seeing possibilities related to impact, physical action, involvement, or perhaps even a feigned emotional response, though that's less likely in this medical context.

The cancer's relationship to the squamous cells is key. Is it *acting upon* them? Or *impacting* them, in a more general way? I'm leaning toward the physical sense, the direct action. Sense 2, "act physically on; have an effect upon," feels like a strong contender. The medicine's effect on heart rate is a good example. A disease, like cancer, affecting a part of the body aligns perfectly with this.

But wait… "not affecting" could also imply *non-involvement* (sense 3). Is the cancer *not involving* the squamous cells? Let's check WordNet and confirm that "disease affects" leans toward "act physically on." Let me quickly cross-reference "disease affects." It looks like both "act physically on" and "have an effect upon" are appropriate senses for "disease affects."

Ultimately, the phrase "act physically on" aligns best with the context. Choosing sense 2 seems the most accurate here. Yes, the sense of "acting physically on" applies here - a disease *acting upon* cells. Let's stick with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: longer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified | examples=a long life; a long boring speech
2. sense_key=long%3:00:01:: | definition=primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified | examples=a long road; a long distance
3. sense_key=long%5:00:00:tall:00 | definition=of relatively great height; - Sherwood Anderson | examples=a race of long gaunt men; looked out the long French windows
4. sense_key=long%3:00:00:: | definition=good at remembering | synonyms=retentive, recollective, tenacious | examples=a retentive mind; tenacious memory
5. sense_key=long%3:00:05:: | definition=holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices | examples=is long on coffee; a long position in gold
6. sense_key=long%3:00:04:: | definition=(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `bate', `beat', `bite', `boat', `boot' are long
7. sense_key=long%5:00:00:unsound:00 | definition=involving substantial risk | examples=long odds
8. sense_key=long%5:00:00:provident:00 | definition=planning prudently for the future | synonyms=farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, longsighted | examples=large goals that required farsighted policies; took a long view of the geopolitical issues
9. sense_key=long%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=having or being more than normal or necessary: | examples=long on brains; in long supply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Longer"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the exact sense of "longer" in this context. The target word, based on its lemma "long", appears in the sentence: "...patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta..." My initial assessment is that "longer" modifies "survival times." That suggests an *increased* duration, which immediately points me towards a temporal interpretation.

Let's quickly confirm this. Sense 1 of the definition provided seems to fit perfectly: a temporal sense, indicating a greater duration or passage of time. I’ll quickly glance at the other candidate senses just to be certain. Spatial is irrelevant here, as is "tall" and memory-related usages.

Yep, the context screams "time." Therefore, sense 1 is definitely the correct interpretation. It's a straightforward case of "longer" meaning a greater survival duration.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Survival" in this Context**

Okay, so the key word here is "survival," and the context is about cancer patients and Alimta. My immediate focus, given my expertise, is on what "survival" means in a clinical and patient-outcome setting. The phrase "longer survival times" in the text points directly to the state of *remaining alive*, the duration of life following a diagnosis or treatment.

I briefly considered other senses, of course. "Survival of the fittest" or the broader evolutionary concept, and the idea of something *that* survives, are relevant words but don't fit this specific situation. While evolution *is* at play in cancer cell development, it's not the primary sense of "survival" being discussed here. It's about patient prognosis, the actual staying alive after the illness. Sense 1, the straightforward *state of surviving* and its duration, is therefore the precise meaning here. Endurance would be a fair synonym, in that the longer someone "endures" with the cancer, the longer their survival.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Times" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the word I'm focusing on is "times," specifically within the phrase "survival times." My initial thought is that it's related to durations or periods – the length of time patients live, essentially. Now, let's consider the possible senses. One sense is an instance or single occasion. Another is a period of time, viewed as a resource. There's also the indefinite period sense, often marked by specific attributes or activities. Let me re-evaluate... Thinking about "longer survival times," I'm definitely leaning towards the "indefinite period" meaning. The "survival time" itself is the duration.

Right, reviewing the options, I'm fairly certain the correct sense is Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)." This seems to fit precisely with the concept of "survival times" representing a duration. Just to be completely sure, I'll cross-reference with WordNet... Yep, WordNet's definition of "time" clearly aligns with an indefinite period and provides examples of duration. It describes it perfectly! The concept of "longer survival times" refers to a duration or period of time. So, Sense 3 fits. I am certain that this is the correct sense for period of time. It's not something else. It's Sense 3, "indefinite period".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contrast
Target surface form: contrast
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Contrast" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "contrast," and the surrounding phrase is "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..." My immediate thought is to consider the various senses of "contrast" that are relevant here. I'm going through the definitions, and it's quite clear that sense 1, "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared," is the obvious winner. The context, "In contrast," screams for this definition. The examples listed, like "in contrast to" and "by contrast," solidify the fit. It's about a direct comparison and highlighting the difference – a perfect match! I need to ensure I'm solidifying that this is the best sense before I move on. Yes, sense 1 is definitely the correct sense here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's my analysis of the word "patients" in this medical context:

**Decoding "Patients" in Oncology Research**

Okay, so the target word here is "patients." The context is clear: we're discussing cancer and the impact of Alimta on survival times. My immediate thought is to consider the possible senses of "patients." Of course, I'm thinking about the standard definition – a person who is under medical care, and that fits perfectly here. It's a no-brainer that "patients" refers to individuals undergoing treatment for cancer. Given the specific mention of cancer treatment and the drug Alimta, there's no ambiguity. The second sense, that of semantic roles, can safely be disregarded. Therefore, sense 1, a person who requires medical care, is the only correct interpretation in this context. It's that simple; the meaning is utterly transparent.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Cancer"**

Okay, so the prompt gives me "cancer," specifically in relation to non-small cell lung cancer and squamous cells. Immediately, my expertise kicks in, and I'm discarding the astrological and zoological senses. It's a disease context; chemotherapy is mentioned, which further cements the medical definition. Therefore, *that* definition – the malignant growth, the uncontrolled cell division – is the primary and only relevant one in this scenario. The other senses are essentially noise. It's about pathological cellular processes, not celestial bodies or crustacean classifications. The context is explicit, and the selection of the correct meaning is straightforward. No further analysis is needed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Affecting" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target word is "affecting," and the context is medical: "...patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." My immediate thought is, how is the cancer *acting* on those cells? It's a biological or physical interaction.

Let's break down the candidate senses. We have:

1.  "have an effect upon" – general impact.
2.  "act physically on; have an effect upon" – a more direct, physical action, like medicine on the heart.
3.  "connect closely and often incriminatingly" - that's irrelevant.
4.  "make believe with the intent to deceive" - also irrelevant.
5.  "have an emotional or cognitive impact upon" - definitely not here.

Senses 1 and 2 are the key contenders. "Have an effect upon" is broad. Think "Will the new rules affect me?" That’s abstract. But "act physically on"… that's more precise, more what we need. The cancer is *physically* impacting those cells, right?

So, "cancer affecting squamous cells" – is that the cancer *involving* or *physically acting* on those cells? Definitely the latter. Sense 2 seems to nail it. It's a biological/medical/physical effect. Let's make sure. Does "diseases affect body parts" from WordNet confirm this? Yes, diseases physically act on body parts.

Ah, but that is *exactly* what sense 2 says: "act physically on; have an effect upon." It even gives a great example: "the medicine affects my heart rate." That's the perfect fit. So, the best choice is sense 2. The cancer is *acting physically on* the squamous cells.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Shorter"**

Okay, the word in question is "shorter," specifically the comparative form of "short." My immediate task is to determine which of its various senses is at play in this context. The sentence I'm working with concerns "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." Clearly, we're talking about duration here, the length of time these patients lived.

Now, let's break down the potential meanings. Sense 1, the primary meaning that springs to mind, is the temporal one: something that is limited in duration, like a "short life." This fits the context like a glove. "Shorter survival times" directly implies a reduced period of existence.

Sense 2 offers a spatial interpretation, referring to length. While survival *could* be metaphorically linked to spatial concepts, it doesn't make logical sense here. Sense 3, dealing with stature or height, is even further off the mark.

Therefore, after this brief semantic dissection, I can confidently conclude that the intended sense of "shorter" is Sense 1 – the temporal definition. The context clearly dictates this, and any other interpretation is a misapplication of the word.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Survival" in Medical Context**

Okay, so the phrase I'm working with is "shorter survival times," and the target word is, naturally, "survival." I need to pinpoint the *specific* meaning here, especially given the medical context of cancer patients. Let's break down the potential senses.

First, there's the basic "remaining alive" sense, that state of *being* – the synonym "endurance" fits nicely. Then, we have the broader, more evolutionary sense of "survival" as a natural process. Finally, we have the noun referring to *something* that survives – an artifact, a species, whatever it may be.

Given that we're talking about cancer patients and "survival *times*," the natural process angle doesn't quite apply here. Neither does something that survives (the third sense). No, what we are referring to is the period in which the patient remains alive. So, it is clear that the best fit, and therefore the intended meaning, is the first sense: the state of enduring, of remaining alive. This should be a fairly straightforward conclusion, but clarity is critical in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Times" in the Context of "Shorter Survival Times"**

Okay, so the target word is "times," but it's used within the phrase "shorter survival times." My initial thought is that "survival time" must refer to a specific duration or period. Let's run through the potential senses. I'm seeing a few options here: the instance or single occasion, a period of time considered as a resource, an indefinite period, a suitable moment, the continuum of experience, a person's experience, clock time, the fourth coordinate, rhythm, and a prison term.

Now, sense 3, "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)," immediately jumps out. We have examples like "he waited a long time," and in this case, "survival time" is clearly a period marked by an attribute: the fact of survival. Thinking further, we have examples like gestation time, long time, survival time, all indefinite periods or durations. But hold on, the phrase "survival times" is plural. Does that change anything?

Wait, yes. "survival times" must refer to multiple durations. Let's look at sense 3 again. "The average survival time was 8.3 months." So, yes, the definite sense of "survival times" refers to durations. It is Sense 3, "an indefinite period."

I'm just quickly considering if there's a better fit, so I'll quickly eliminate the other senses. Sense 2, "a period of time considered as a resource" just doesn't fit the context at all. It's definitely not that. So, I'm going with sense 3. It's the most appropriate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
kalgebra is a <t>mathematical</t> calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Adjective "Mathematical"**

Okay, so I'm looking at this phrase "mathematical calculator" in the context of "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language." My initial thought is to break down what "mathematical" actually *means* here. It's a common word, but in this technical context, precision is key.

My intuition immediately leans towards the first sense I've got, the one related to the discipline of mathematics itself. Thinking about it, a calculator *is* a tool, an *instrument* for doing math, kind of like a compass or slide rule back in the day. "Mathematical instruments" sounds right.

Just to be certain, though, let's explore the other possibilities. Sense 2 could work; relating to using numbers, but it feels too broad. Sense 3, "beyond question," and Sense 4, "statistically possible," clearly don't apply. And Sense 5, "characterized by exactness," is certainly *implied* by a calculator, but it isn't the primary defining feature.

Now let's verify using the definitions. The dictionary definition for Sense 1 includes "mathematical instruments." A calculator is a mathematical instrument. So, by process of elimination, and using the definitions given, it's clear that Sense 1 is the most appropriate. Seems like the first hunch was the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Based" in Technical Context**

Okay, so the target word is "based," and the surrounding sentence states that "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language." My immediate task is to nail down the precise meaning of "based" here, especially in this technical context. Let's break down the possibilities.

My initial thought is that it's acting as a foundation or basis. My expertise in this area tells me that the calculator *relies* on the MathML language, it's *built* upon it. The synonyms of "establish," "ground," or "found" fit perfectly here. It's the core underpinning, the framework on which the calculator's functionality is constructed. It's essentially "using as a basis for; found on"

The second option, "situate as a center of operations," is a possibility, but doesn't quite resonate. While the MathML language is certainly *central* to the operation of the calculator, the word "based" feels more fundamental than that. It is core to the function of the Kalgebra and not just central to its operations.

The third option, referencing cocaine use, is obviously a distractor and not relevant to this technical, mathematical context.

Therefore, sense 1, "use as a basis for; found on," is the only meaning that aligns with the sentence's technical and mathematical context. It is the only meaning that captures the relationship between kalgebra and the math language that I'm looking for.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capable
Target surface form: capable
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Capable"**

Okay, so the target word is "capable" in that sentence about MathML operations and graph representation. The grammar's a little off ("capable to make" should be "capable of making"), but the meaning is clear: the software has the *ability* to do something.

Let's break down the possible senses. Candidate 1 is the most straightforward, focusing on *having the capacity or ability*. This aligns perfectly with the sentence's context; the software is *able to* perform those operations and display the graphs. Candidate 4, *adequate to, equal to*, doesn't quite fit – it's more about being sufficient for a specific task rather than possessing the general capability. Candidate 5, *competent, able*, usually applies to people. While the software *is* able, it's not a matter of skill or competence, but more fundamentally having the functional capacity.

So, despite the slightly unusual syntax, Sense 1 – *having capacity or ability* – is the most appropriate and accurately captures what's being conveyed. The software is, essentially, *able* to perform these tasks.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 16}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 16}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Make" in the MathML Context**

Okay, the target word is "make," specifically within the phrase "...capable to make simple MathML operations...". My initial instinct is to dissect this. "Make operations"...operations are *performed*, *executed*, *carried out*. Let's see what the senses suggest.

Immediately, two senses pop out: Sense 16, with the definition "perform or carry out" and Sense 1, meaning "engage in" (synonym: *do*). Sense 16's examples, "make a decision", "make a move", feel quite relevant. It feels like "perform or carry out" is definitely in the right ballpark.

Sense 1, with "engage in" and the synonym "do", does give me pause. I usually see "make operations" translating to "perform operations." Then, the phrase "carry out" aligns well with Sense 16, so let's weigh that. Could it be "engage in"? I'm hesitating a bit.

Considering the examples for Sense 16: "make a decision," "make a move" ... the operations will be *performed*, not simply *done* or *engaged in*. Hold on, there's also Sense 11: "create or design", but it seems not applicable here.

Ultimately, between "engage in" and "perform or carry out," the latter is more accurate. "Make an operation" to me directly translates to "carry out an operation", like "perform operations". Sense 16 is "perform or carry out".

Yes, Sense 16 is the best fit. I'm going with that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make <t>simple</t> MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Reasoning on the Word "Simple" in the Context of MathML Operations**

Okay, so the target is "simple" in "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)." I need to nail down the best meaning here. The first candidate, "having few parts; not complex," versus the second, "easy and not involved or complicated," are my contenders. I'm thinking about arithmetic and logical operations, and those are definitely elementary, basic operations. Wait a minute, isn't "elementary" a synonym of "simple" in that second sense?

The phrase "simple MathML operations" suggests basic, uncomplicated ones. I should probably focus on that. Sense 1, "having few parts," seems less relevant; math operations don't really *have* "parts" in the same way a mechanism does. Sense 2, "easy and not involved or complicated," fits "an elementary problem in statistics" nicely. Ah, "simple operations" usually *means* uncomplicated or elementary. "Simple" as in "elementary MathML operations" is looking very promising.

Let's do a quick comparison: is "simple" here the opposite of "complex"? Yes, definitely! "Complex operations" versus "simple operations." That strong antonymic relationship tips the scale, making sense 1 a strong candidate. But wait, what about "simple mechanisms?" Do "an elementary problem in statistics" and "a simple problem" both fit the bill?

Now I'm wavering again. Let's dig deeper: "simple%3:00:02::" is the antonym of complex, while "simple%5:00:00:easy:01" is a satellite of easy. Since MathML operations are arithmetic and logical, which are basic/elementary, the former fits. However, "having few parts, not complex" - operations don't really have "parts".
But wait, an operation can be simple (easy)!

I'm starting to think about whether "simple" is the opposite of "complex" here. Yes, "complex operations vs simple operations" is a standard collocation. And I'm still weighing "an elementary problem in statistics" against "a simple problem."

Ultimately, I'm leaning toward sense 1, as it's the direct antonym of complex, and operations are often described as complex or simple. Sense 2 feels right if "elementary" is more suitable. Yet, as I mentioned, the fact that "complex operations" is the antonym leads me to sense 1. Since "complex operations" is the opposite of "simple operations", sense 1 seems to be the best definition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: operation
Target surface form: operations
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=operation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being in effect or being operative | examples=that rule is no longer in operation
2. sense_key=operation%1:04:06:: | definition=a business especially one run on a large scale | examples=a large-scale farming operation; a multinational operation
3. sense_key=operation%1:04:03:: | definition=a planned activity involving many people performing various actions | examples=they organized a rescue operation; the biggest police operation in French history
4. sense_key=operation%1:22:00:: | definition=(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction) | examples=it can perform millions of operations per second
5. sense_key=operation%1:04:02:: | definition=activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) | synonyms=military operation | examples=it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
6. sense_key=operation%1:04:00:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery
7. sense_key=operation%1:04:05:: | definition=a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work | synonyms=procedure | examples=the operations in building a house; certain machine tool operations
8. sense_key=operation%1:22:01:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=functioning, performance | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds
9. sense_key=operation%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=process, cognitive process, mental process, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
10. sense_key=operation%1:04:01:: | definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
11. sense_key=operation%1:04:07:: | definition=the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.) | examples=her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Operations"**

Okay, the target is "operation," and the surface form is "operations." The context mentions "MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)" performed by a "mathematical calculator." My initial thought is to consider the possible senses: a mathematical process or data processing in computer science.

I'm leaning towards the mathematical side because of the phrases "arithmetic and logical" used with the word "operations". But, hang on, sense 4, computer science data processing, isn't completely irrelevant given it *is* a calculator. Then, I see sense 10 states, "calculation by mathematical methods" which feels right with what the text implies. They even give the example: "the basic operations of arithmetic", the exact word!

The context reinforces this. It's a "mathematical calculator" dealing with "arithmetic and logical" operations within MathML. The key is MathML itself—it's a *mathematical* markup language. So, even though it's computer-based, the core concept is rooted in the mathematical processes. I'm almost there. The key is in that the text talks about "arithmetic and logical". This is enough to conclude the better choice is the mathematical sense 10. Done!


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: 3d
Target surface form: 3D
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
2. sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "3D" in the Context of Graphs**

Okay, the target word is "3D," and the surrounding phrase is "2D and 3D graphs." My initial thought is to consider the possible meanings, specifically within the realm of computer graphics or visualization, given my expertise. Let's see... the first candidate sense from the system is "a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance." That doesn't seem quite right. I'm looking at *graphs* here. The second sense, "having a three-dimensional form or appearance," is a bit more promising but wait, it's defined as a noun despite the form. The system also seems to think that sense 2, as a noun, is related to "cognitive process," which seems odd but maybe that's an artifact of the definition format?

Hang on a moment... since "3D" is modifying "graphs," it means graphs *possessing* a three-dimensional form. It's functioning as a modifier, an adjective, but the candidates presented are both nouns! Okay, I'm thinking... does it actually matter that WordNet has it labeled as a noun when I'm clearly using it as an adjective? Let's go with the definition for candidate 2: "having a three-dimensional form or appearance." That seems closer, as I am trying to determine what "3D" means here. The other options are unlikely, like a movie.

So, the text says "to represent 2D and 3D graphs." The obvious choice here is Sense 2: the general appearance or form of three dimensions. The other option, the movie, is definitely not applicable here. Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actually
Target surface form: actually
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is <t>actually</t> not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actually%4:02:01:: | definition=in actual fact | synonyms=really | examples=to be nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark
2. sense_key=actually%4:02:00:: | definition=used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly | synonyms=in reality | examples=you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin
3. sense_key=actually%4:02:03:: | definition=at the present moment | examples=the transmission screen shows the picture that is actually on the air
4. sense_key=actually%4:02:02:: | definition=as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis | examples=actually, we all help clear up after a meal; actually, I haven't seen the film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Actually"**

Okay, so I'm presented with the sentence "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra," and my task is to pinpoint the intended sense of "actually." Let's break this down systematically, as I'd approach any linguistic puzzle.

First, I consider the possible senses. We've got:

1.  "in actual fact; really."
2.  "used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly."
3.  "at the present moment."
4.  "as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis."

The sentence's context immediately leans toward either Sense 1 or Sense 2. Sense 3 and 4 are less likely. Kalgebra is *based* on MathML, and, with that in mind, my initial inclination leans towards Sense 2, since the natural expectation would be that knowledge of MathML *is* required. Therefore, the "actually" is there to counter that expectation, to highlight the surprising fact that it's not.

Let me test this further. If I rephrase the sentence as "It is surprisingly not necessary," does it maintain its intended meaning? Yes, it does. What about Sense 1, "It is really not necessary," or "It is in actual fact not necessary." These also fit, since the sentence could be rephrased "in reality" as well. I start to wonder if the distinction is merely semantic, but I know that careful analysis of nuance can provide critical information for the algorithm.

I review some WordNet examples, as well. Checking Sense 1, I find examples like, "to be nominally but not actually independent." and "no one actually saw the shark." Sense 2 offers examples like, "you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out," and "she actually spoke Latin." Based on these examples, I'm now leaning more firmly toward Sense 2. "It is actually not necessary" serves to *contradict* the reader's likely assumption.

However, I have to be careful not to jump to conclusions, just because I find a sense which *fits*. I then start thinking that both Sense 1 and 2 could be interchangeable, but I decide to go with Sense 1. This is because it directly substitutes with "really".

Wait a minute... I remember I read some similar annotations with "actually" as an adverb modifying an adjective or phrase meaning "in actual fact" to go to Sense 1, but when it contrasts expectation it goes to 2.

At this point, I consider if the intended emphasis is to contradict the reader's expectation, or to simply state an objective fact. I'm going to lean towards the latter and use Sense 1.

Finally, I make my decision. I am going to guess Sense 1: In actual fact, it is not necessary.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: necessary
Target surface form: necessary
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not <t>necessary</t> to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=necessary%3:00:00:: | definition=absolutely essential
2. sense_key=necessary%5:00:00:inevitable:00 | definition=unavoidably determined by prior circumstances | examples=the necessary consequences of one's actions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Necessary" in the Kalgebra Context**

Okay, the target word is "necessary," and I need to figure out the best fit in the sentence: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra." Right away, I'm thinking about the different shades of meaning this word can have. There's the "absolutely essential" sense, that a certain thing is a fundamental requirement for something else. And then there's the "unavoidably determined" sense, which speaks to a kind of causal necessity, dictated by previous conditions.

Given the context of programming and the usage of kalgebra, it seems clear that the first sense – "absolutely essential" or "required" – is the relevant one here. The sentence implies that understanding MathML is *not* a prerequisite for using kalgebra. It's not a fundamental building block; it's more like an optional skill. Therefore, the interpretation that best matches the intent is that knowing MathML isn't *essential* to the functionality or use of kalgebra. It's a "nice to have" but not a "must have" skill.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to <t>know</t> MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Nuances of "Know" in the Kalgebra Context**

Okay, so the prompt here is about understanding the word "know" in relation to using kalgebra, specifically, whether or not one *needs* to know MathML.  My initial reaction, given my background, is to immediately start parsing the various senses of "know" to get the right one for this context. We have a few potential candidates here, starting with simply being aware or cognizant. That seems too weak, it has to be more specific than simple awareness. Then, there's "knowing how to do" something. That is possible, however the direct object here "MathML" means it's not the best fit. I'm leaning away from that.

Next, I think about the examples provided. "Knowing Latin" is a clear example of someone, in this case, *knowing* a markup language like MathML. This seems to be the best fit. I'm going to lean towards "have fixed in the mind". If you "know" MathML, you possess the knowledge of it.

Let's double check that, using the sense key. It's the most appropriate. The definition is spot on: "have fixed in the mind" with examples like "I know Latin". The example "I know Latin" really nails it because MathML is a language. This aligns perfectly with the idea of being proficient in or having a mastery of MathML. Bingo. I feel confident in assigning that sense to the usage here.