[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election <t>year</t> prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Meaning of "Year" in "Presidential Election Year"**

Okay, so the target word is "year" in the context of "presidential election year." Let's break down the potential senses here. First, we have the straightforward: a period of time with 365 days, like the year 1920 (sense 1). Then, a period used for a particular activity, like a school year (sense 2). We also have the astronomical definition (sense 3) and a group of students (sense 4), which can be discounted.

The question then is whether "election year" aligns more with sense 1 or 2. Considering the sentence, "In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts..." Initially, I leaned toward sense 2, that it's a specific period within the calendar, but the phrasing "prior to 1948" brings it back to a calendar year, 1948. Ah, no! sense 1 would be more accurate!

Let's dissect sense 2 a bit more, which refers to a "regular part of a calendar year." It would suggest that an election year is a period of less than 365 days, which is not the case. It is indeed a full 365 days (or 366). An election year is a full year during which an election occurs.

Wait, to be sure, the key is the word election. Does WordNet classify the phrase "election year" as a portion of the calendar? No, because it is a whole year, so sense 1 is appropriate.

So, could it be sense 1, as in "in the year 1920"? I should reread the sentence more carefully.

Sense 1: a period containing 365 days (a year). Synonyms: twelvemonth, yr. Examples: she is 4 years old; in the year 1920.

The phrase "In only one presidential election year prior to 1948..." clearly references a calendar year. "Prior to 1948" strongly supports it being a specific calendar year, so sense 1 is indeed the correct choice. It's a full calendar year in which a presidential election takes place. Case closed.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nation
Target surface form: nation
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the <t>nation</t>'s congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nation%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=nation%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=land, country | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
3. sense_key=nation%1:18:00:: | definition=United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911) | synonyms=Carry Nation, Carry Amelia Moore Nation
4. sense_key=nation%1:14:02:: | definition=a federation of tribes (especially Native American tribes) | examples=the Shawnee nation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Nation" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "nation," and the context is about U.S. presidential elections and congressional districts prior to 1948. My initial thought is that "nation" clearly refers to the United States. But I need to be precise. Does it mean the political entity itself, or the people within it? I'm honed in on the phrase "the nation's congressional districts," which forces me to carefully consider the nuances of the word.

Is it a politically organized body – the *country*? Or the *people* living in that country? Let's break it down further. "African nations" or "the state has elected" indicate a government structure. I also need to consider other synonyms: "state," "country," "land."

The phrasing "the nation's congressional districts" – districts *of* the country – leans heavily towards the political entity (sense 1). My expertise tells me this is the standard usage in this kind of sentence structure. It describes the geographical/political subdivisions belonging to the country, and that's the key here. Congressional districts are defined by the country. I need to be sure that the country, not the people living in the country, is what is being talked about. I have to make sure "the nation's mood" and "announced to the nation" aren't confused. Those phrases refer to the people. I'm feeling confident, given the specific phrase used, that the first sense – the politically organized body – is correct. "The nation's congressional districts" refers to the country, as a politically organized body.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: choose
Target surface form: choose
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts <t>choose</t> a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=choose%2:31:00:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=take, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
2. sense_key=choose%2:31:02:: | definition=select as an alternative over another | synonyms=prefer, opt | examples=I always choose the fish over the meat courses in this restaurant; She opted for the job on the East coast
3. sense_key=choose%2:31:01:: | definition=see fit or proper to act in a certain way; decide to act in a certain way | examples=She chose not to attend classes and now she failed the exam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Choose" in a Political Context**

Okay, the target word is "choose," and the surrounding text is about congressional districts. My initial thought is to identify the relevant sense. The context is something like, "...did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts *choose* a different party's candidate..." I immediately start considering the candidate senses: *pick out, select, prefer, opt, decide to act*.

In this specific phrasing, the districts are clearly making a selection from a set of options. So, sense one, "pick out, select" is the primary contender. But let's be thorough. Sense two, "select as an alternative over another," comes to mind, like when you *prefer* something. The example, "I always choose the fish over the meat courses," suggests a preference. But the sentence is comparing two selections, "choose a different party's candidate *for* the White House *than* for the House". Wait. So they are *electing* a candidate. Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Let's check further. Sense three, "see fit or proper to act in a certain way; decide to act in a certain way," doesn't feel right. The core meaning is still selection.

Right, back to the core. The districts are *selecting* or *picking out* a candidate. With political contexts, the idea of selection is the correct frame.

The phrase "choose a different party's candidate" fits best with sense 1: "pick out, select." Sense 2 is about preference. Sense 3 isn't relevant here. I'm going with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different <t>party</t>'s candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Political Landscape**

Okay, let's break this down. We're talking about a "GOP congressional hopeful," a "Democratic presidential candidate," and the concept of "political ticket splitting." This all screams "presidential election year," which narrows the focus considerably. My brain immediately jumps to strategic considerations: how do voters navigate choosing a candidate from a different "party"? And that's where the nuance kicks in.

The word "party" is crucial here, and it's essential to disambiguate its meaning. We have multiple senses to consider. The first, and clearly the most relevant in this context, is **party%1:14:01::** – that’s the “organization to gain political power.” That's the political party in this case. The other senses – the social gathering, a temporary group, a social occasion, and even a legal participant – are all red herrings. This isn't about a cocktail party or a lawsuit; it’s about the very foundation of the two-party system we're analyzing. I need to make sure this is understood clearly. The analysis hinges on that correct disambiguation, in my expert opinion.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidate
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's <t>candidate</t> for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Candidate"**

Okay, the target word here is "candidate." The surrounding context is: "...choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives." Right, so I need to figure out which meaning of "candidate" is being used here. My mental dictionary has two primary senses for "candidate":

*   **Sense 1:** A politician who's actively running for public office – a campaigner, a nominee.
*   **Sense 2:** Someone being considered for something else, like a job, an office, an award – a prospect.

Hmm, this sentence is talking about choosing a *candidate* for the White House or the House of Representatives. That immediately makes me think of someone actively seeking office. This strongly suggests Sense 1, a politician, a nominee. Let me just confirm... the synonyms for Sense 1 are "campaigner" and "nominee", whereas the synonyms for Sense 2 are "prospect". "A different party's candidate for the White House" definitely implies a political nominee in the running. Yes, Sense 1 it is. Clear.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: percentage
Target surface form: percentage
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that <t>percentage</t> routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=percentage%1:24:00:: | definition=a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred) | synonyms=percent, per centum, pct
2. sense_key=percentage%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, part | examples=he wanted his share in cash

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Percentage"**

Okay, the word in question is "percentage." The surrounding text states, "Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%." My expert intuition immediately tells me we're likely dealing with a numerical proportion. Let's look at the candidate senses.

Sense 1: "a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)." This is the classic definition of a percentage, the proportion out of 100.

Sense 2: "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group." This doesn't seem to fit the context at all. It's more about ownership or contribution, not the kind of numerical value we're seeing.

Now, let me connect this back to the broader context. Ah, yes, "percentage" is referring to the proportion of congressional districts choosing a candidate from a different party. That was mentioned as "more than 20%" earlier. It's clearly a proportion of districts, not assets. Sense 1 is the obvious choice. Therefore, the definition of "percentage" in this context is the proportion of congressional districts choosing a candidate from a different party, described numerically.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equal
Target surface form: equals
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely <t>equals</t> a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equal%2:42:00:: | definition=be identical or equivalent to | synonyms=be | examples=One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!
2. sense_key=equal%2:42:01:: | definition=be equal to in quality or ability | synonyms=touch, rival, match | examples=Nothing can rival cotton for durability; Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues
3. sense_key=equal%2:30:00:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=match, equalize, equalise, equate | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Equals"**

Okay, the target word is "equals," stemming from "equal," and the context is "Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%." My immediate thought is to nail down the precise meaning here. The core concept is that the percentage *is* identical to, or the same as, a third. It's a straight-up equivalence relationship.

I'm mentally sifting through possible interpretations. Candidate 1 is the obvious fit: "be identical or equivalent to," a direct synonym for "be." That's perfect; something like "One dollar equals 1,000 rubles." This aligns perfectly with the "percentage equals a third" scenario.

Candidate 2, "be equal to in quality or ability," while related to the base concept, doesn't quite resonate here. It implies a comparison of attributes, and the sentence clearly describes a numerical value.

Candidate 3, "make equal, uniform...", is even further off. This is about establishing equality, not describing an existing state of equality. It's not applicable to the immediate context.

Sense 1, "be identical or equivalent to," is the clear winner. It's semantically spot-on; the other senses are clearly peripheral and don't make sense in this context. It's a straightforward case of one numerical value being identical to another.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we <t>know</t>, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Know" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma is "know," and the surface form is, unsurprisingly, "know." The sentence is "As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." My initial thought is that the speaker is referencing a piece of factual information, a piece of commonly understood knowledge, in the general public.

Let's look at the candidate senses. I've got:
1.  **Awareness of a fact:** That definitely seems relevant. Like "I know the President lied..." It seems like a direct fit for the phrase "As we know, \[fact]."
2.  **Knowing how to do something:** This doesn't apply to the context.
3.  **Believing something to be true:** This is possible, but seems less likely with "As we know." The phrase implies a shared, established understanding, not necessarily a personal belief. Still it is something to keep in the back of my mind.
4.  **Being familiar with something or someone:** This is definitely out.

Alright, so the phrase "As we know" strongly points to possessing knowledge or information, leaning toward sense 1. But let's clarify that a bit more.

Okay, let's nail down the nuances between sense 1 and sense 3. Sense 1 is clearly about awareness of a *specific* piece of information, possessing that knowledge. Sense 3, on the other hand, is about being aware of the *truth* of something, which could suggest a stronger level of certainty or belief. My general experience tells me that "As we know" usually implies a general understanding of a fact (sense 1). So I am going with the most likely sense, which is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tend
Target surface form: tend
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters <t>tend</t> to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tend%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=be given, lean, incline, run | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
2. sense_key=tend%2:41:00:: | definition=have care of or look after | examples=She tends to the children
3. sense_key=tend%2:41:01:: | definition=manage or run | examples=tend a store

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Tend"**

Okay, so the task is to decipher the meaning of "tend" within the specific sentence: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." My expert intuition immediately tells me this requires careful semantic analysis. Let's break it down...

The context is crucial. I need to consider all the plausible meanings of "tend" and then determine which fits the sentence best. I've got a few options in my mind, the first is about inclination or disposition - to have a natural leaning. The second is about caring for, like tending a garden. And the third is about management, like tending a business.

Thinking specifically about voters and their political choices, the idea of *caring for* or *managing* doesn't make logical sense. We're talking about a behavioral pattern, not a responsibility. The meaning of *having a natural leaning or inclination* seems the most appropriate for the context. Voters *are inclined* to vote a certain way. This inclination differs between elections.
Therefore, it's clear the first sense is the intended meaning here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: favor
Target surface form: favor
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to <t>favor</t> Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=favor%2:41:00:: | definition=promote over another | synonyms=prefer, favour | examples=he favors his second daughter
2. sense_key=favor%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as the favorite | synonyms=favour | examples=The local team was favored
3. sense_key=favor%2:41:01:: | definition=treat gently or carefully | synonyms=favour
4. sense_key=favor%2:41:03:: | definition=bestow a privilege upon | synonyms=privilege, favour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Favor"**

Okay, so the target word is "favor," and the surface form is, well, "favor." The context is: "As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." My initial thought is that the meaning is pretty straightforward – something like "prefer." Let's look at the candidate senses.

We've got four possibilities: "promote over another" (prefer, favour), "consider as the favorite" (favour), "treat gently or carefully" (favour), and "bestow a privilege upon" (favour). The way the sentence reads, "voters tend to *prefer* Republicans," immediately makes me lean towards sense 1, the "promote over another" meaning. That feels right.

Now, let me make sure. Sense 1's examples are like, "He favors his second daughter." Sense 2 has examples like, "The local team was favored." Hmmm. Let's think about this. The phrase "voters tend to favor Republicans" is in the active voice. The voters are actively *doing* something; they are expressing a preference. "Voters tend to *prefer* Republicans" is a more natural phrasing.

Alright, so the voters are actually preferring Republicans in this context. It's a clear distinction from the sense 2 meaning of being considered the "favorite" in a betting-odds kind of way. No, they aren't *considered* the favorite; they are actively preferred by the voters. So, it's definitely sense 1: "promote over another," or "prefer." That's the correct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republicans
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor <t>Republicans</t> more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. sense_key=republican%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. sense_key=republican%1:17:00:: | definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Republican Landscape**

Okay, so we're talking about political elections – specifically the GOP, presidential hopefuls, congressional districts, the White House, and Congress as a whole. It's clear that the discussion is centered around the Republican Party, and the word "Republicans" keeps popping up. Now, a quick check to ensure we're interpreting things correctly is always smart.

Let's break down the word "Republicans". We have a few potential interpretations – a member of the Republican Party, an advocate of a republic (which, while relevant in theory, is less likely in this context), and a river (obviously not applicable here!). Given the surrounding discussion, *clearly* Sense 1 is the intended meaning. This isn't a philosophical debate; it's about the players in the current political arena, specifically those affiliated with the Republican Party. The analysis clarifies my understanding. We're talking about *actual* Republicans, not abstract republican ideals or some random river.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: race
Target surface form: races
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in <t>races</t> for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=race%1:11:01:: | definition=any competition | examples=the race for the presidency
2. sense_key=race%1:11:00:: | definition=a contest of speed | examples=the race is to the swift
3. sense_key=race%1:14:00:: | definition=people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock | examples=some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings
4. sense_key=race%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species | synonyms=subspecies
5. sense_key=race%1:19:00:: | definition=the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller | synonyms=slipstream, airstream, backwash, wash
6. sense_key=race%1:06:00:: | definition=a canal for a current of water | synonyms=raceway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Races"**

Okay, so the prompt gives me "races" in the phrase "races for president than in those for Congress." My expert intuition immediately tells me we're dealing with political contests or campaigns – that’s the starting point. Let's see what WordNet has to offer. I need to be precise here.

Scanning the senses, I see three relevant possibilities, but the first one, *race%1:11:01::*, is the most compelling. Its definition, "any competition," directly matches the context. Furthermore, the example given, "the race for the presidency," is a perfect fit. The other senses, a contest of speed or the grouping of people by genetic stock, are irrelevant. It's a clear-cut case. Sense 1 it is. We are talking about political campaigns.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for <t>president</t> than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Ambiguity of "President"**

Okay, so the target word is "president," and the context mentions that voters favor Republicans more in presidential races than in congressional ones. My first instinct is to zero in on what "president" *means* here. Is it the person or the office? Given the phrase "races for president," I immediately lean towards distinguishing between sense 2 (the person) and sense 6 (the office). Let's see... Sense 6 is defined as "the office of the United States head of state," with synonyms like "President of the United States, Chief Executive." The example is "a President is elected every four years." Bingo, that seems to fit perfectly with the context of an election.

But wait, hold on, let me consider sense 3, "the chief executive of a republic." Or maybe even sense 2, which is just the person? I need to be precise. "Races for president" seems much more closely aligned to the *office* itself. The example for sense 6, "a President is elected every four years," strongly supports this.

Okay, so "President" frequently refers to the person (sense 2) or the office (sense 6). But in the phrase "races for president," it really points to the office. It's like "running for president" - you're running for the *office*. Now, let me re-read the definition of sense 6 again: "the office of the United States head of state." The example, "a President is elected every four years," remains a perfect fit.

I considered sense 3, but the mention of terms like "GOP," "Mississippi," "White House," and "Congress" makes it clear this is a US-centric context. Therefore, sense 6 is the clear winner. The synonyms listed for sense 6: "President of the United States, Chief Executive," make that even more apparent.

I'm checking "races for president" – it's definitely the office, not the person. Running for the office of president. The annotations frequently associate "president" in this context with sense 6 (the office). "A President is elected every four years" corresponds to sense 6. Okay, let's verify. I have to make sure.

Now, let me just quickly revisit sense 2: "the person who holds the office..." The example is "the President likes to jog." Okay, that confirms that this is NOT it.

Let's do a final check of sense 6... Looking at "president%1:04:04::" I see a reference to 04 (act). 04 is "act," and 18 is "noun.person." Aha! "president%1:04:04::" is indeed "office" (noun.act). Yes, the *office* of the president is a noun-act. "Races for president" refers to the office.

Okay, after this careful analysis, sense 6 is definitively the most accurate interpretation for "president" in this specific context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presidential
Target surface form: presidential
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every <t>presidential</t> election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presidential%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to a president or presidency | examples=presidential aides; presidential veto
2. sense_key=presidential%3:00:00:: | definition=befitting a president | examples=criticized the candidate for not looking presidential

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Presidential"**

Okay, so the target is "presidential" in this phrase: "In every presidential election over the past half century..." I need to determine the correct sense of the word here. My initial thought process is to consider the common usages, the candidate senses.

Firstly, there's the sense of "relating to a president or presidency." Think of phrases like "presidential aides," or "presidential veto." This is pretty straightforward.

Secondly, there's the sense of "befitting a president." This is more about an image, a perceived quality. Think, "criticized the candidate for not looking presidential." This deals with the qualities perceived to be inherent in the office.

Now, applying this to "presidential election," it's clear. An "election" is a process. It's the act of selecting a president. Therefore, the phrase "presidential election" relates directly to the election *of* a president. It's about the office, not the perceived qualities. That nails it; sense one is definitively the correct one here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: election
Target surface form: election
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential <t>election</t> over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=election%1:04:01:: | definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight
2. sense_key=election%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession
3. sense_key=election%1:26:00:: | definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election
4. sense_key=election%1:09:00:: | definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Election" in Context**

Okay, so the text mentions "election," and I need to figure out the best sense of the word here. The context is pretty clear: it's talking about presidential elections and the Republican Party's performance. That immediately points me to the idea of a *vote* to select a president. Looking at my candidate senses, I can see that "election%1:04:01::" - "a vote to select the winner of a position or political office" - is the perfect fit. Sense 2, "the act of selecting someone or something," is close, but less specific. Sense 3, "the status or fact of being elected," is the *result* of the election, not the election itself. And Sense 4, "predestination (divine mercy)," is completely irrelevant in this political context. Therefore, sense 1 is the definitive answer here. It provides the right meaning in light of the text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the <t>past</t> half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%3:00:00:: | definition=earlier than the present time; no longer current | examples=time past; his youth is past
2. sense_key=past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 | definition=of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office | synonyms=preceding, retiring | examples=a retiring member of the board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Past"**

Okay, so the target is "past" in the context of "over the past half century." My initial task is to disambiguate the word. My expert eye immediately flags two potential senses: the first is the straightforward "earlier than the present time," meaning something that has occurred or existed before now. The second sense I bring to mind is related to someone's role or position, as in "the past president."

Examining the phrase, "over the past half century" provides crucial contextual clues. This phrase clearly refers to a period *before* the current time, a previous fifty-year duration. This temporal meaning aligns perfectly with sense 1, "earlier than the present time." Sense 2, pertaining to a person who formerly held a role, doesn't fit the context. Therefore, sense 1 is the unambiguous and correct interpretation here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presidential
Target surface form: presidential
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater <t>presidential</t> candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presidential%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to a president or presidency | examples=presidential aides; presidential veto
2. sense_key=presidential%3:00:00:: | definition=befitting a president | examples=criticized the candidate for not looking presidential

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Presidential"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the specific sense of "presidential" in the context of "the Goldwater presidential candidacy." Let's break this down systematically, as we always do. First, I need to establish the potential meanings. Alright, the options are:

*   **Sense 1:** It relates to a president or the presidency in general. Examples of this could be things like "presidential aides" or a "presidential veto." It's basically about the office itself.
*   **Sense 2:** This is about qualities befitting the office. The implication is, of course, that someone looks the part.

Now, with this understanding of the words, I look at the phrase itself, "presidential candidacy." Given this specific phrasing, "presidential candidacy" *clearly* indicates a candidacy *for* the presidency, not just some abstract connection to a president or the qualities of a president. It's a candidacy to *become* president. Therefore, the first sense – relating to the office of the presidency – is, without a doubt, the correct and appropriate interpretation here. I am confident in my assessment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: percentage
Target surface form: percentage
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater <t>percentage</t> of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=percentage%1:24:00:: | definition=a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred) | synonyms=percent, per centum, pct
2. sense_key=percentage%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, part | examples=he wanted his share in cash

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Percentage"**

Okay, so the word I need to unpack here is "percentage." The context provided is about the GOP's share of the popular vote. My immediate thought is to consider the possible senses of "percentage." I'm mentally parsing it. The first sense that comes to mind is the classic definition: a proportion or fraction *of* something, expressed as a number out of a hundred. That's the amount per hundred, the percent. The second sense I conjure is that of an *individual's* portion, share, or asset—something belonging *to* someone. In this case, that's not what the text implies. The context is very clearly referencing an amount of the vote, relative to the total number of votes cast. This context aligns *perfectly* with the first sense: a proportion per hundred. Therefore, I can confidently conclude that sense one is the relevant meaning here. Simple enough.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the <t>major</t> - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Major" in "Major-Party Popular Vote"**

Okay, so the target is "major" in the phrase "major-party popular vote." My initial instinct is that "major-party" implies significance or size within the political landscape. I'm thinking, in politics, a "major party" is, well, *more* – more important, larger, more influential.

Now, let's break down the potential senses of "major" to determine the best fit. I've got three candidates: (1) importance/stature/rank ("a major artist," "a major role"), (2) scope/effect ("a major contribution"), and (3) size/amount ("a major portion of the population").

A "major party," instinctively, seems to align with either importance/stature/rank or perhaps size. Let's see if there's a widely accepted definition specifically for "major party." Consulting WordNet might be a good move here, to see what the common usage is. I'm leaning toward either sense 1 or 3.

Let's carefully examine the definitions. WordNet suggests:
*   `major%3:00:06::` — of greater importance or stature or rank
*   `major%3:00:01::` — greater in number or size or amount

Hmm, usually a "major party" would refer to its importance and stature. I am certain. Perhaps that is the best fit.

Okay, checking them again... (1) sounds right: "a major artist," "a major role" ... or maybe (3), size? No, major parties are more about importance than size. No, sense 1 is the best fit.
I think I've got it. "Major" in "major party" most likely refers to the party's importance, stature, or rank. In the context of "major-party popular vote," it's clearly not about sheer numerical size but about the votes cast for parties of recognized significance. So, I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - <t>party</t> popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Party" in Political Context**

Okay, let's break this down. The target word is "party," specifically within the phrase "major-party popular vote." Given the context of political elections, the GOP, Democratic presidential candidates, and ticket splitting, the meaning is immediately clear. I'm immediately narrowing down the possibilities.

While "party" has multiple senses, I'm quickly filtering out the non-political ones. Sense 2, 3, 4, and 5 (the social gathering, the temporary group, the social occasion, and the legal participant) are all irrelevant here. The context screams *political party*. Sense 1, an organization seeking political power, is the only one that truly fits this situation. The implications within the sentence are of the votes given to either the Republican or Democratic Party.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: popular
Target surface form: popular
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party <t>popular</t> vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=popular%3:00:00:: | definition=regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public | examples=a popular tourist attraction; a popular girl
2. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large | examples=the popular vote; popular representation
3. sense_key=popular%5:00:01:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=democratic | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement
4. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:nonclassical:00 | definition=(of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people) | synonyms=pop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Popular" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to decipher "popular" in the context of "popular vote." Let's break this down systematically. My initial impression is that the word carries a few distinct senses. I'm focusing on those potential senses to pinpoint the correct meaning here.

1.  "Regarded with great favor" – this could be relevant, but it's a bit too broad. It could apply to the GOP themselves, but not necessarily to the *vote*.
2.  "Carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large" – Aha! This is interesting. This sounds *very* promising, and look, the example provided explicitly *is* "the popular vote." Perfect!
3.  "Representing or appealing to..." – This is in the right ballpark, but again, perhaps a little too abstract in this context. It doesn't quite capture the *process* as directly as the previous one.
4.  "(of music or art) new and of general appeal..." – Definitely irrelevant here. We're talking about elections, not the latest pop song.

Sense 2 is the clear winner. "Carried on by or for the people at large" aligns perfectly with the concept of a "popular vote," which inherently means a vote cast by the general populace. The definition fits like a glove.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular <t>vote</t> for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Vote" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "vote," specifically within the phrase "popular vote for president." Let's break this down systematically. I need to identify the relevant sense of "vote" from the possible candidates. First, I have my list: ballot, opinion of a group, right to vote, a body of voters, and the total number of voters who participated.

Now, considering the context: "percentage of the major-party popular vote." This tells me we're dealing with a quantifiable measurement. The *popular vote* itself has to be the total number of votes cast.

So, scanning the senses again, I'm leaning toward sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative." That seems to fit, with "popular vote" being the aggregate of individual ballots. It's the counted votes that are relevant here.

I pause here and consider WordNet – does it link "popular vote" to a specific sense of "vote"? I quickly realize there is a difference between *the popular vote* and *voter turnout.* Sense 5, the total number of voters who participated, is not what I am looking for.

I'm getting closer now. With the context "percentage of the major-party popular vote," I think I should link the term to the senses like: "percentage of the ballots/voting." Ultimately, "popular vote for president" refers to the aggregation of choices made by individual voters, represented by their ballots. Sense 1 is the best fit, as it highlights the counted votes. So sense 1 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for <t>president</t> than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "President" in the Context of a Popular Vote**

Okay, the target is "president" in the phrase "popular vote for president." The sentence references the GOP and vote shares, so we're dealing with the United States context. My immediate thought is that "president" here refers to the *office* of the President. Let's clarify.

Right, there's a distinction in the WordNet senses: "president%1:04:04::" is the *office*, the head of state, and "president%1:18:04::" is the *person* who holds that office. The text uses phrases like "vote for president" and "running for president," and it *feels* like we're talking about the office itself, not the individual. We're also considering words such as "running for president" or "popular vote for president".

I'm double-checking the glosses. Sense 6 gives "the office of the United States head of state," with examples like "a President is elected every four years." Sense 2, "the person who holds the office," for example, "the President likes to jog every morning."

The phrase "popular vote for president" is the key. Does it refer to the office itself or the individual? Considering that people vote for the candidate who *will fill* the office, it's really the *office* we're voting for. "For president" implies the office, not a specific person.

I need to nail this down. WordNet clearly separates the person from the office. Phrases like "a President is elected every four years" are crucial. This indicates we are talking about sense 6 - the office.

Let's confirm: Sense 6 gives synonyms such as "President of the United States" and "Chief Executive." Examples like "a President is elected every four years" completely validate this interpretation. The context, especially the language of an election, makes it clear that we're dealing with "popular vote for *the office* of President." This matches the sentence's intent.

The GOP reference to Congressional districts and White House further confirms that we're working within a US political context. So it's very clear: I'll choose sense 6 for the interpretation of "president" here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seat
Target surface form: seats
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional <t>seats</t> or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seat%1:15:01:: | definition=a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane) | synonyms=place | examples=he booked their seats in advance; he sat in someone else's place
2. sense_key=seat%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
3. sense_key=seat%1:06:01:: | definition=furniture that is designed for sitting on | examples=there were not enough seats for all the guests
4. sense_key=seat%1:06:00:: | definition=any support where you can sit (especially the part of a chair or bench etc. on which you sit) | examples=he dusted off the seat before sitting down
5. sense_key=seat%1:15:00:: | definition=a center of authority (as a city from which authority is exercised)
6. sense_key=seat%1:15:02:: | definition=the location (metaphorically speaking) where something is based | examples=the brain is said to be the seat of reason
7. sense_key=seat%1:07:00:: | definition=the legal right to sit as a member in a legislative or similar body | examples=he was elected to a seat in the Senate
8. sense_key=seat%1:06:03:: | definition=a part of a machine that supports or guides another part
9. sense_key=seat%1:06:02:: | definition=the cloth covering for the buttocks | examples=the seat of his pants was worn through

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Seats" in a Political Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "seats," specifically in reference to "congressional seats" within the context of political races and Congressional elections. We're clearly talking about positions within the legislative branch. So, when we see "congressional seats," we're not talking about literal chairs; we're referring to the actual, legally-granted right to hold a position as a member of Congress. The definition provided for Candidate 7, "the legal right to sit as a member in a legislative or similar body," nails it. It’s the perfect fit for this political landscape – precisely what we need to understand the phrase "it has of congressional seats". And the example, "he was elected to a seat in the Senate," solidifies this interpretation perfectly. The definition of the word as used here is the core meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: popular
Target surface form: popular
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the <t>popular</t> vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=popular%3:00:00:: | definition=regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public | examples=a popular tourist attraction; a popular girl
2. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large | examples=the popular vote; popular representation
3. sense_key=popular%5:00:01:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=democratic | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement
4. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:nonclassical:00 | definition=(of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people) | synonyms=pop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Popular" in the Context of the "Popular Vote"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the most precise meaning of "popular" within the phrase "popular vote for Congress". I need to break this down methodically. First, I'm going to consider the candidate senses. I've got a few: one about being widely favored, another related to being *by* the people, a third about *for* the people, and finally, the rather different sense referring to new and broadly appealing music or art.

Given that the context is explicitly the "popular vote," which is a very specific type of democratic process, my instincts are leading me towards sense number two. This sense is about something being "carried on by or for the people at large." Critically, it *explicitly* lists "the popular vote" as a direct example. That's a huge clue! No other sense feels as directly applicable here. Therefore, I can confidently conclude that sense two is the exact match for this context. It's the most semantically congruent choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular <t>vote</t> for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Vote" in the Context of Popular Vote**

Okay, so the target word is "vote," and the context is "popular vote for Congress." The statement I'm looking at says the GOP has a higher percentage of the popular vote for president than for congressional seats or the *popular vote* for Congress. "Popular vote," the key phrase. My immediate instinct is to understand what sense of "vote" is being used here.

First, I consider the candidate senses. I see a few options: *vote%1:04:00* which seems to be the obvious one, referring to a single choice ("there were only 17 votes in favor..."); *vote%1:04:01* which is the group's opinion determined by voting; *vote%1:07:00* a legal right; *vote%1:14:00* a body of voters and *vote%1:09:00* which is the number of voters who participated.

Wait, with "popular vote," I'm thinking about the total votes cast by *people*. The phrase "percentage of the major-party popular vote" is referring to the sum of ballots cast, the choices made by voters. So, it's about the count of individual choices, *votes in favor of the Republican candidates* – it aligns with *sense 1*, the count: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor..."

Could it be *sense 5*? "the total number of voters who participated?" If it says "percentage of the... popular vote," does it mean percentage of total votes cast? "Vote" in "popular vote" probably refers to the collective ballot choices. Sense 1's synonyms ("balloting, voting, ballot") seem right. But, wait, "popular vote" is a specific phrase, but its head "vote" usually maps to sense 1 (count of people in favor). Is it a compound in WordNet? Let's check.

Okay, let's consider "popular vote" as the sum of choices made by the electorate. *Sense 1* looks promising: "a choice that is made by counting..." (like the one vote per person example). Is there a better option? *Sense 2*, the group's opinion via voting?

Looking at WordNet for "popular vote" itself, I see a definition specific to the US: "the vote for a U.S. presidential candidate made by the qualified voters, as opposed to that made by the electoral college." But, my target is just "vote" given the context of "popular vote." So, "popular vote" is about the *ballots cast*.

Ultimately, *sense 1* seems the most appropriate for "number of votes." The phrase "a greater percentage of the... popular vote" is pointing to the total of individual choices. The "popular vote" is an aggregate of individual votes (Sense 1).

I'm comfortable choosing sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opposite
Target surface form: opposite
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the <t>opposite</t>. What accounts for the results of recent decades?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opposite%1:10:00:: | definition=a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other | synonyms=antonym, opposite word | examples=to him the antonym of `gay' was `depressed'
2. sense_key=opposite%1:24:03:: | definition=a relation of direct opposition | synonyms=reverse, contrary | examples=we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true
3. sense_key=opposite%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opponent
4. sense_key=opposite%1:24:04:: | definition=something inverted in sequence or character or effect | synonyms=inverse | examples=when the direct approach failed he tried the inverse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Opposite"**

Okay, so the sentence is "Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite." My task is to figure out the intended meaning of "opposite" in this political context. The sentence describes a shift from a pattern where the GOP garnered more presidential votes than congressional votes to something else.

Let's break down the candidate senses I'm considering. First, the straightforward *antonym*. Second, this idea of *direct opposition* – think *reverse* or *contrary*. Third, the "opponent" sense, like a political *contestant*. Fourth, something that is *inverse* – inverted in sequence, character, or effect.

Looking at sense two, the *relation of direct opposition*, really jumps out. The synonyms "reverse" and "contrary" are spot on. If we plug in "reverse" into the sentence, it fits beautifully: "the pattern was nearly the *reverse*." Exactly. The shift in pattern is the key here.

Sense four, "inverse," is also relevant, but "reverse" seems to be a more direct and natural fit, given the context of a political pattern. Ultimately, it seems clear that here, "the opposite" as a noun means "the reverse." Therefore, sense two, with the connotation of *reverse*, is the most appropriate interpretation.