[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Given" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so I'm dissecting this sentence fragment, and the word "given" has popped up. "When Alimta is given with cisplatin..." Right away, my mind zeroes in on the medical connotation. It's not about generosity or presentation; it's about the administration of Alimta, a drug, in conjunction with another.

I immediately reached for my semantic resources and found what I expected. Sense 19 of `give%2:40:13::`, which explicitly defines "give" as "give (as medicine)," fits like a glove. The example sentence provided, "I gave him the drug," is spot-on in terms of matching the context of administration. This is a clear case of perfect semantic alignment. There's no ambiguity here; this usage is nailed down.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Medicine" in this Clinical Context**

Okay, so we're talking about Alimta, and the text specifically mentions administering an "anti-emetic medicine." My immediate focus, given my expertise, is on the precise semantic field of "medicine" in this clinical context. Let's break down the possibilities.

Candidate 1, "branch of medical science," is a bit too broad here. While relevant, it doesn't capture the *specific* function intended in this statement. We are not talking about medicine as a field but about a specific type of intervention.

Candidate 3, "the learned profession," is definitely off-base. This is clearly about a substance, not a group of people or a discipline.

Candidate 4, "punishment," is, of course, completely irrelevant. A medical text is not going to discuss using medicine as a punishment for a patient.

This leaves us with Candidate 2: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease (synonyms: medication, medicament, medicinal drug)." This is absolutely spot-on. The description of an "anti-emetic medicine" explicitly refers to a substance used to *prevent* vomiting, a symptom. The synonyms provided, such as "medication," further reinforce the correct meaning. It's the perfect fit!

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Prevent" in the Context of "Prevent Vomiting"**

Okay, so the task is to decipher the most appropriate meaning of "prevent" when paired with "vomiting." My initial thought is to consider the two prominent senses of the word. Sense 1 is about stopping something from *happening* or *arising*, effectively making it impossible. This is illustrated by synonyms like "forestall" and "preclude," and examples like "tact forbids an honest answer." Sense 2, on the other hand, deals with *stopping* someone or something *from doing* something or *being* in a certain state. Synonyms here lean towards "keep," with examples like "prevent the cancer from spreading."

Since "vomiting" is, essentially, an event, my initial inclination leans towards Sense 1: keeping the event from *happening*. I should confirm this, though. Let's look closely at the examples provided for each sense. Sense 1 uses "prevent" directly with an event, indicating we want to keep it from happening. Sense 2 uses "prevent" with a subject, which is then prevented from doing something, as in "His snoring kept me from falling asleep."

In our case, "prevent vomiting," we are trying to keep the event "vomiting" from happening. This perfectly aligns with Sense 1: keeping vomiting from happening or arising. Sense 2, with its subject-action structure, doesn't really fit here. Therefore, applying some semantic discernment, I'm confident in concluding that Sense 1 is the accurate interpretation in this specific context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Definition of "Fluids" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at a patient receiving "fluids" alongside medication, which immediately makes me think about preventing dehydration. My initial thought goes to the practical application – usually, we're talking about liquid substances like water or saline, administered intravenously.

Then I start digging into the nuances of the word itself. "fluid%1:27:02" is defined as a substance that's fluid at room temperature and pressure. *Hmm*, and the other definition "fluid%1:27:00" is continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow...

In WordNet, this distinction is clearer. Sense 1, the one I'm leaning toward, is a hyponym of substance, and while it might not show specific examples, I recognize the synonyms "fluid." Sense 2, on the other hand, is a hyponym of matter, a more general concept related to the state of something.

The difference comes down to "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" versus "continuous amorphous matter..." While the latter is a broader concept encompassing different states of matter, in the context of medicine, "fluids" is very often, if not always, a liquid *substance*. It's almost always a *thing*, not just a state of matter. And given the plural "fluids" in this specific medical context, it seems very probable we are talking about sense 1. Therefore, "fluid%1:27:02" sense is a better and more appropriate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to <t>prevent</t> dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Prevent" in the Context of Fluids and Dehydration**

Okay, so the task is to nail down the precise meaning of "prevent" when we're talking about fluids and preventing dehydration. Let's break this down. The core meaning of "prevent," based on the definitions I'm working with, falls into two main camps. First, there's the idea of *forestalling* or *precluding* something from even happening – making it impossible. The second is about *stopping* someone or something *from* doing or being in a certain state.

Now, "fluids (to prevent dehydration)"... this immediately implies we're keeping dehydration from *happening* in the first place, right? So we're dealing with dehydration as an event, a state. My immediate thought is, "Is it 'prevent dehydration from happening' – the forestalling sense – or 'prevent *someone/something* from being in a dehydrated state'?" The sentence just says "prevent dehydration," with "dehydration" as the direct object.

If we go back to the first sense, the "forestalling" one, it fits perfectly. It's the type of "prevent" that takes the event as the direct object: "prevent vomiting," "prevent dehydration." It's essentially "keep [dehydration] from happening."

Let's quickly check Sense 2. This is all about stopping something or someone from *being* in a state and needs a direct object that's the person or thing, followed by "from..." For example, you "prevent the cancer from spreading," not "prevent cancer." The grammar of sense 2 doesn't fit the sentence and word choice.

So, in this case, where the direct object is "dehydration," an event, the first sense of "prevent" – the one about making something impossible or forestalling it – is definitely the correct one. We're preventing the event of dehydration from occurring. It's the "keep from happening" interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dehydration
Target surface form: dehydration
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent <t>dehydration</t>) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:00:: | definition=dryness resulting from the removal of water | synonyms=desiccation
2. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:01:: | definition=depletion of bodily fluids
3. sense_key=dehydration%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting moisture | synonyms=desiccation, drying up, evaporation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of Alimta and Cisplatin Use**

Okay, so I'm reading about Alimta used in conjunction with cisplatin, and the text emphasizes the need for fluids to prevent dehydration. Immediately, my mind zeroes in on the meaning of "dehydration" within this medical context. We're not talking about some general dryness here, or the mere act of extracting water. This is about a *patient*, a living body. Therefore, the applicable sense of "dehydration" is undoubtedly the second one - the *depletion of bodily fluids*. It's a critical point to grasp because this understanding directly informs my approach to patient management and dosage considerations. Clearly, we're working to proactively avoid the negative physiological consequences of fluid loss. This is the definition for the discussion.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be <t>given</t> before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Given" in a Medical Context**

Okay, here's the breakdown. My task is to understand the meaning of "given" in this specific passage about administering medication. I immediately recognize "given" as the target word, and the lemma, of course, is "give". The context screams "medical administration," specifically mentioning anti-emetics and fluids related to cisplatin. So, I need to find a sense that aligns with *giving* a medicine.

I quickly zero in on candidate sense 19. The sense key—`give%2:40:13::`—is useful to know; it provides important information about its place in the wordnet hierarchy. The definition, "give (as medicine)," nails it. And the example sentence, "I gave him the drug,"? Absolutely spot on. This sense perfectly captures the intended meaning. This is exactly what I'm looking for - a definitive sense that precisely matches how "given" is used in this medical context. Excellent.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given <t>before</t> or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Okay, here's my interpretation of that.

**Analyzing the Word "Before"**

Right, let's break this down. The target word is "before," and it's used in the sentence "...should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." My immediate thought is to consider the possible senses of "before." We've got two main candidates: the temporal sense – "earlier in time," which is the one that's most immediately relevant – and the spatial sense, meaning "at or in the front."

Given the context, "before or after the cisplatin dose," there's no question, it has to be the temporal one. The phrase directly relates to sequencing in time: something must be given at a time which is *earlier than* or *later than* the cisplatin dose. There's no possible way it can be spatial, especially in a medical context like this. So, sense 1 it is. The use here is straightforward and unambiguous.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: after
Target surface form: after
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or <t>after</t> the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=after%4:02:01:: | definition=happening at a time subsequent to a reference time | synonyms=subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, later on | examples=he apologized subsequently; he's going to the store but he'll be back here later
2. sense_key=after%4:02:00:: | definition=behind or in the rear | examples=and Jill came tumbling after

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "After"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to understand "after" in this context: "...should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." My initial thought is to identify the part of speech. It's used as a preposition here, indicating something happening *subsequent* to the cisplatin dose. My first instinct, however, is to check my mental lexicon and I get pinged on the adverb. WordNet also lists "after" as an adverb, not as a preposition. This seems like a potential complication.

Let's break down the potential senses. I'm seeing two immediate possibilities: Sense 1 is about the *temporal* relationship – something happening later. Sense 2 points towards a *spatial* element, something that is behind or to the rear.

Given the phrase "before or after", it's clear that *time* is the relevant dimension here. We're discussing the *order* of events. Therefore, Sense 1, the temporal sense – happening at a time subsequent to a reference time – is by far the most appropriate fit for this instance of the word "after." It aligns perfectly with the intent of the sentence.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin <t>dose</t>. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Dose" in the Context of Cisplatin**

Okay, so the target word is "dose," and the critical context is "before or after the cisplatin dose." Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug, a medicine. Right, so I need to figure out which meaning of "dose" is most applicable here. Let's see... I've got two senses: the first is a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time – pretty straightforward, that's what I immediately think of. Then there's sense two: the quantity of an active agent taken in or absorbed at any one time.

Wait a second, isn't cisplatin *both* medicine *and* an active agent? Okay, let's break this down. Sense 1 is explicitly about "medicine," which seems like a strong match given that we're talking about cisplatin. Sense 2 is broader, referring to any "active agent."

Let me consider the examples given, like "the recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg," and "the cisplatin dose." These sound like quantities of medicine administered. Thinking this through again, Sense 1, the "portion of medicine," really nails it in this context. It's a precise measure we are dealing with.

Okay, let's be sure. Sense 1 is a "measured portion of medicine taken at any one time." Yep, that's the one. I'm choosing Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: Treatment
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. <t>Treatment</t> should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Best Descriptor for Alimta Administration**

Okay, so we're looking at how to best define the administration of Alimta in this context – basically, what's the most appropriate term for the *treatment* being provided. "Treatment" is the key word here, and it's got to be spot on. We've got a few options, and I'm sifting through them.

Candidate 1, "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)," is an absolute bullseye. It directly addresses the goal of medical intervention, explicitly linking to procedures that aim for patient improvement and illness relief. That's *exactly* what we're talking about with Alimta administration. Perfect fit.

Candidate 2, "management of someone or something (handling)," is a decent start, but it's too general. While Alimta administration *involves* management, the core purpose isn't just "handling." It's about providing medical care.

Candidate 3, "artistic dealing," is, of course, completely irrelevant in this medical context. This one's an easy discard.

Candidate 4, "extended communication/discussion," is also a non-starter. While communication is involved in patient care, it's not the defining feature of administering a drug like Alimta.

So, taking all of that into account, Candidate 1 wins hands down. It's the most accurate and specific descriptor for the "treatment" in question.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: delay
Target surface form: delayed
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be <t>delayed</t> or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=delay%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to be slowed down or delayed | synonyms=detain, hold up | examples=Traffic was delayed by the bad weather; she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform
2. sense_key=delay%2:42:00:: | definition=act later than planned, scheduled, or required | examples=Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered
3. sense_key=delay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=stay, detain | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
4. sense_key=delay%2:30:05:: | definition=slow the growth or development of | synonyms=check, retard | examples=The brain damage will retard the child's language development

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Nuances of "Delayed" in a Clinical Context**

Okay, so the target word is "delayed" in relation to treatment, and I need to pin down the precise meaning. First, I'm thinking about the various senses of the word. Sense 1, "cause to be slowed down or delayed," and sense 2, "act later than planned, scheduled, or required," are the front-runners. Sense 3, "stop or halt," and sense 4, "slow the growth or development of," feel less relevant initially.

Given the context of "Treatment should be delayed," it leans toward postponing the action. Is it sense 2: "act later than planned," or sense 1: "cause to be slowed down/delayed"? Let's compare "Don't delay your application" and "she delayed the work..."

Okay, that phrasing is passive. "Treatment should be delayed". Someone *is* delaying the treatment. Let's revisit the transitive vs. intransitive nature. Sense 1's examples have transitive construction: "she delayed the work". Sense 2, "Don't delay your application" is also transitive.

Right. It's time to check what WordNet says. It clarifies the distinction. Sense 1 is about "cause to be slowed down or delayed," while sense 2 is "act later than planned, scheduled, or required."

In medicine, "treatment is delayed" means it is scheduled for a later time. Does that imply being "held up"? Maybe. But it's about postponing. Does a sense with "postpone" exist? Yes, sense 2! "Don't delay your application." That sounds right. Postponing an action is what's happening. Treatment is an action. So postponing treatment = acting later than planned.

Wait, sense 1 is like "hold up". It's like traffic or how "she delayed the work." Is that what's implied? No, it's about putting the *event* to a later time. WordNet's delay%2:42:00:: directly says "postpone, put off." That's the one. Definitely sense 2, "act later than planned," in the context of clinical treatment. That's the precise meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discontinue
Target surface form: discontinued
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or <t>discontinued</t>, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
2. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:01:: | definition=come to or be at an end | examples=the support from our sponsoring agency will discontinue after March 31
3. sense_key=discontinue%2:30:00:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, stop | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Dissecting "Discontinued" in Medical Context**

Okay, so the target word is "discontinued," and the phrase is "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued." My initial thoughts were, "What's the best fit here? Stop, cease, quit?" I considered a few options: 'putting an end to an activity' versus 'preventing completion.' The direct translation feels like "Treatment should be stopped".

Initially, I leaned towards 'preventing completion' because a treatment is a process. It's like stopping a project. "Discontinue a treatment" could be seen as stopping an ongoing activity or preventing its completion. Time to check WordNet.

WordNet offered two relevant senses: sense 1, 'put an end to an activity', and sense 3, 'prevent completion'. Hmmm, treatment is like a project, like a negotiation. Wait a second, 'break off' is sense 3. In most medical contexts, it could be either. Discontinuing could align with both preventing completion and stopping an activity.

Wait, the phrase is "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced..." This helps. "Discontinue" now seems to be stopping an activity. While "break off" feels a little more like a project, like in a sense 3, sense 1 is the most general and directly translates to stopping an activity. Okay, I'm choosing sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the <t>dose</t> reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Concept of "Dose" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so I'm presented with the word "dose" within the context of medical treatment—specifically, guidance on adjusting medication, Alimta in this case, based on patient blood counts and side effects. My initial thought is that "dose" here definitely relates to the *administered* amount of the drug, the quantity given to the patient.

I'm considering a couple of senses, according to my knowledge. The first sense I pull up is "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time," which seems like a direct fit. The second is more general: "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time." While broader, the context of Alimta, a medicine, really points me to that first sense—the specific, measured portion of the drug Alimta. It's not just any active agent; it's *this* drug, and we're talking about a *measured* portion. Therefore, I'm confident in settling on sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduced
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose <t>reduced</t>, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image
10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Implications of "Reduce" in Clinical Context**

Okay, here's how I'm breaking down this instruction. The context specifies "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced..." The key here is the word "reduced." Now, when it comes to dosage, "reduce" can mean a few things, but I need to pinpoint the *exact* sense being used.

Looking at the definitions, sense 1, "cut down on; make a reduction in," is the clearest fit. Thinking about it, examples like "reduce your daily fat intake" perfectly mirror the intention with medication. We're directly lessening the amount being administered.

Sense 8, "lessen and make more modest," is possible, but it feels a bit less precise in this clinical setting. Similarly, sense 9, "make smaller," like "scale down," while related, is more about overall size or scale, which doesn't directly apply to altering a *dose*. We aren't necessarily making something smaller, we are making an amount smaller.

Therefore, sense 1 is unequivocally the most appropriate definition. It directly corresponds to the action being implied: modifying the medication dosage by decreasing its quantity.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in <t>patients</t> whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Patients" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the task at hand is to understand the meaning of "patients" within the scope of medical treatment, specifically when discussing Alimta, this anticancer chemo. Immediately, it's clear we're dealing with the straightforward, everyday meaning, the primary sense of the word. We're *not* delving into linguistics or semantic roles here, although that's always an interesting field. In this instance, "patients" undoubtedly refers to individuals in need of medical attention. They are the recipients of care. That's it, plain and simple, and that's the lens I'll be using for interpretation going forward.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blood_count
Target surface form: blood counts
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose <t>blood counts</t> are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blood_count%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample
2. sense_key=blood_count%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Blood Counts"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the exact sense of "blood counts" in this phrase, "in patients whose blood counts are abnormal." Immediately, I'm parsing the potential meanings. There are two obvious candidate senses I'm considering. The first, and most likely, is the *result* - the actual numbers indicating the levels of red and white blood cells in the sample. The second is the *act* itself – the process of estimating or determining those numbers.

Given the context, "whose blood counts *are* abnormal," the act of estimating being abnormal just doesn't make sense. It’s the *results* that would be abnormal. You wouldn't say the *act* of counting is abnormal, the *results* would be abnormal. Therefore, sense number one, the numerical values derived from the blood test, is definitely the correct interpretation here. It's a straightforward case of using context to disambiguate the term and get to the core meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: abnormal
Target surface form: abnormal
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are <t>abnormal</t> or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:00:: | definition=not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm | synonyms=unnatural | examples=abnormal powers of concentration; abnormal amounts of rain
2. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:03:: | definition=departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal; an abnormal personality
3. sense_key=abnormal%5:00:00:immoderate:00 | definition=much greater than the normal | examples=abnormal profits; abnormal ambition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Abnormal" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the word I'm working with is "abnormal," and the sentence I need to interpret is: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." My expertise tells me the key here is pinpointing the correct sense of "abnormal" in this medical context.

My initial thought is that the first sense, "not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm," is the clear winner. When we're talking about "abnormal blood counts," we're almost certainly referring to values that fall outside the established reference range. They could be elevated or depressed, the important thing is that they don't conform to what's considered healthy or typical.

Sense two, "departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development," is clearly not appropriate here. While I am aware this sense does exist, it's not applicable to blood count values.

Sense three, "much greater than normal," is a more interesting consideration, but ultimately doesn't fit the context as well as the first sense. The issue is that blood counts can be *lower* than normal, and the text uses the term to suggest something that can be both high and low. Sense one, the broader sense of "not normal," encompasses both possibilities, making it the most accurate interpretation. So, yes, that first definition, that first sense, it really is the most likely.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
2. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
4. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
5. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
6. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
10. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
15. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
16. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
17. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
18. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 3
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 3
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Have" in the Context of Side Effects**

Okay, so I need to nail down the sense of "have" in the phrase "who have certain other side effects". My initial thought is to examine the various senses of "have" in the provided definitions. It's clear that side effects are negative physical states or symptoms, so I need to find the appropriate sense.

Initially, I looked at several candidates. The senses that jumped out were: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" (sense 3), "suffer from; be ill with" (sense 12), and "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" (sense 16).

I considered "have side effects" and the parallel "have symptoms", leaning toward either sense 12 or 3. I thought about how "experience vertigo" fits nicely with sense 3, as it's a specific symptom. The "suffer from" in sense 12 also felt relevant. Then I revisited sense 16, but felt it less relevant because I don't see the side effects as an *undergoing* of an injury or illness.

The synonym "experience" kept coming up with sense 3. I weighed whether "have side effects" is a stative verb – more about possessing the symptoms rather than an active experience. It's still similar to the example of sense 3: "experience vertigo". Vertigo is a symptom, and so are side effects. I then considered sense 12 again, specifically the arthritis example, but determined this to be less accurate.

I considered whether "have a headache" maps to sense 12. But I kept coming back to the use of "experience" as a synonym for sense 3.

I'm now leaning heavily towards sense 3, "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)." This is the most accurate. Even though "suffer from" is relevant, I feel "experience" is the stronger fit. It is clear that I will use sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Okay, let me break this down.

**Deciphering the Nuance of "Certain"**

The text uses "certain" in this context: "in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." My expertise immediately flags that word as potentially carrying some subtle meaning that's crucial to understanding the sentence's intent. "Certain" – it's not a straightforward term in scientific writing. I need to be precise.

Candidate 1, "definite but not specified or identified," clicks immediately. That feels right, especially in relation to "certain *other* side effects." It implies the existence of a known category of side effects, but the specific ones aren't detailed in this immediate context. We know *something* is going on within that general group, but the details are perhaps in another section or beyond the scope of this precise point. That's a good initial assessment.

Now, let's consider the alternatives. Candidate 2, "confident and assured," doesn't feel right at all. "Confident" would be odd in this medical context - we are not confident in the specific other side effects. Candidate 3, "established beyond doubt," also doesn't fit the bill. The phrase "certain other side effects" could, in this case, indicate the side effects are *possibly* less well-established than the blood count, and are possibly variable or under investigation.

Sense 1 fits the context perfectly. We're dealing with a situation where we're acknowledging a class of side effects without necessarily spelling them all out. That's the most logical interpretation here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain <t>other</t> side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuance of "Other"**

Okay, so the word I need to nail down is "other," specifically in the phrase "...or who have certain other side effects." Let's break down the possibilities, keeping in mind the context of the sentence. We've got a few options: first, something different from what's already been discussed or implied, like "highways and other public works." Second, something recently past, like "the other evening." Third, something from the distant past, such as "former" or "early." And finally, something that's just plain unusual or strange.

Given the context, where we've already established *abnormal blood counts* as a side effect, the meaning here has to be different. The phrasing indicates that there are *other* side effects **in addition** to the one mentioned. This clearly points to option number one – something that is "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." So, "other side effects" are simply those side effects *different* from, or in addition to, the abnormal blood counts we already brought up. The first sense is the clear winner here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other <t>side effects</t>. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Side Effects" in the Alimta Context**

Okay, the target word is "side effects," and we're dealing with Alimta, an anticancer chemotherapy drug. The sentence is all about adjusting treatment—delaying, discontinuing, or reducing dosage—based on abnormal blood counts or, critically, "side effects." My immediate task is to nail down the precise meaning of "side effects" here, given the medical context.

Two senses are flagged. The first, "side_effect%1:26:00:: a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy," is specifically tied to drugs and therapies, which is spot-on for this Alimta situation. The second, "side_effect%1:19:00:: any adverse and unwanted secondary effect," is broader. However, the mention of chemotherapy, dosage, and abnormal blood counts heavily indicates that this is a *drug* treatment context, so sense 1, the drug/therapy-specific definition, is definitely the more relevant one. It's the only real choice, so I'll go with that. The context leaves no room for other interpretations.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for <t>use</t> in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers
2. sense_key=use%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, role | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=use%1:07:02:: | definition=a particular service | examples=he put his knowledge to good use; patrons have their uses
4. sense_key=use%1:22:00:: | definition=(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing | synonyms=consumption, economic consumption, usance, use of goods and services | examples=the consumption of energy has increased steadily
5. sense_key=use%1:04:01:: | definition=(psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition | synonyms=habit | examples=owls have nocturnal habits; she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair
6. sense_key=use%1:04:02:: | definition=exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage | synonyms=manipulation | examples=his manipulation of his friends was scandalous
7. sense_key=use%1:07:03:: | definition=(law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property | synonyms=enjoyment | examples=we were given the use of his boat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Use" in a Clinical Context**

Okay, so I'm presented with "use" in the context of "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients..." Right away, I'm thinking about the pharmacological implications. I need to nail down the precise meaning of "use" here. It's obviously about administering Alimta, so it's not a generic application of the word.

Let's break down the potential senses. I'm considering: the act of using (usage, utilization, employment), the purpose/function of the drug, a particular service, an economic angle (which seems unlikely here), a psychological habit (also improbable in this medical context), manipulation (definitely not applicable in this phrase), and then legal enjoyment – again, a mismatch.

The key is "administering medicine." The most accurate fit is definitely sense number one: the *act* of using or employing the drug. It's like saying "he cautioned against the use of narcotic drugs." Therefore, the focus is on the action of giving Alimta to a patient population. This seems the best interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in <t>patients</t> with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Patients" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target word is "patients," and the surrounding text clearly centers on medical treatments, dosages, and potential side effects. That's a huge clue right there. The sentence I'm analyzing states, "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems." My expertise immediately steers me toward the logical interpretation of "patients" as a **person who requires medical care** – that's sense 1. There's really no ambiguity here given the domain. While it's true "patients" could technically be seen as a semantic role, in this specific medical environment, sense 1 is the overwhelmingly appropriate and accurate one. It's a straightforward determination based on the provided context.