[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible <t>last</t> January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuance of "Last"**

Okay, so the task is to decipher "last" in the phrase "it became possible last January...". My immediate instinct is to consider the context: "last January" – this implies a specific, immediate timeframe, a reference point. So, the question becomes which "last" are we dealing with?

I'm thinking, let's consider the possible senses. We've got two clear contenders. The first, represented by `last%5:00:00:past:00`, clearly indicates "immediately past," the "last Thursday" sort of deal. And then there's the other possible key, `last%3:00:00::`, which refers to coming after all others in time... not applicable here.

It's clear, though, isn't it? The first sense is spot-on. "Last January," in this situation, means the January that *just* preceded whatever event or date we're referencing. It's a direct parallel to "last Thursday" or "the last chapter we read." Case closed. The immediately past meaning is the one.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find_out
Target surface form: find out
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to <t>find out</t> what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find_out%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=find_out%2:31:00:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, get a line | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
3. sense_key=find_out%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
4. sense_key=find_out%2:31:01:: | definition=trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act | synonyms=catch out | examples=He was caught out; She was found out when she tried to cash the stolen checks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Nuances of "Find Out"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "find out" in the provided sentence about the Quinlan baby. My expert intuition immediately tells me we're looking at a discovery or determination, likely through some kind of process. Let's dig in.

The phrase "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed..." offers a clear hint. This suggests investigation, experimentation, or perhaps a thorough study. This leans towards the first sense I'm considering: establishing something conclusively through an investigation. I think it means determine with certainty.

However, I need to be precise. There's also the third sense that comes to mind: "learn or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort." This aligns with finding out facts through an attempt to know. The third sense is "to find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort" synonyms: determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn.

Let's consider the phrase directly: "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced". This makes me lean towards Sense 3.

I'm checking the dictionary for the headword for the sense of "find out". I'm looking for the appropriate *sense key*. The sense_key is find_out%2:32:00:: which maps to determine, find, ascertain.

Wait, the synonyms for Sense 3 also match: check, see, ascertain.

"find out" is not explicitly listed in the synonyms for Sense 1, even though it's the headword. I also note that "find out" is explicitly included in the definition of Sense 3.

Therefore, since the context involves using a "test" and is about finding out a fact, I'm confident in choosing Sense 3. I'm choosing "find out" as corresponding to determining a fact by inquiry.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: threat
Target surface form: threat
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what <t>threat</t> the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=threat%1:26:00:: | definition=something that is a source of danger | synonyms=menace | examples=earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan
2. sense_key=threat%1:10:00:: | definition=a warning that something unpleasant is imminent | examples=they were under threat of arrest
3. sense_key=threat%1:10:01:: | definition=declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another | examples=his threat to kill me was quite explicit
4. sense_key=threat%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, scourge | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Threat" in the Quinlan Baby's Case**

Okay, so the target word is "threat," and it's in the context of figuring out the danger the Quinlan baby was facing – specifically, the risk of retinoblastoma. Right, let's break down the senses. There's the obvious "source of danger," like earthquakes in Japan. Then, a warning of something bad happening, that's sense 2. Sense 3, a clear declaration of intent to do harm. And lastly, a person who might inspire fear.

Hmm, focusing back on the situation with the Quinlan baby, the "threat" is really about the danger itself, the potential for cancer. That screams sense 1 – the **source of danger**. "Find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced" directly relates to the concept of **something being a source of danger**. I'm almost certain that's the best fit.

But, hang on a second. Could there be an element of a **warning** or a sense of **risk** implied here? Is "risk" maybe a more precise fit? No, "risk" and "danger" clearly fall under sense 1, but maybe it's not the best word to describe the **danger/risk** itself in this context? Ah, that's it! Sense 1, source of danger, is the winner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Baby" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "baby" and I need to figure out the intended meaning in this passage concerning Will Quinlan. The text mentions a test to determine the threat the "Quinlan baby" faced, and the timeline includes Bonnie Quinlan becoming pregnant in 1987. Initial instinct is to lean towards "very young child" (Sense 1), given the reference to "little Will Quinlan" and the fact that a test was performed on him.

But hold on, the phrasing is a bit ambiguous. It says, "...even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987...became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." That makes me think maybe "unborn child, fetus" (Sense 4) is applicable, as the test could have been prenatal. This means I need to assess whether the test was performed on the fetus or after Will's birth.

However, the phrasing "little Will Quinlan" and the general usage of "baby" points towards Will being a born infant, rather than something prenatal. So, the likely intent of "baby" is the very young child, as the other sense is less likely in this context.

Given the typical usage of "baby" and the reference to "Will Quinlan," I'm concluding that Sense 1 - "a very young child (birth to 1 year)" - is the correct interpretation. The "Quinlan baby" is Will, their infant child.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Faced"**

Okay, so the word I need to understand is "faced" in that sentence about the Quinlan baby. The context points towards the baby encountering or dealing with something unpleasant – a threat. My initial thought is that "faced" means "confronted" or "dealt with," but let's be precise.

I'm looking at the candidate senses. Sense 1, "deal with (something unpleasant) head on," seems like a strong contender. Sense 2, "oppose," doesn't quite fit, nor does Sense 3, "be oriented," obviously. Sense 6, "present somebody with something," is interesting. But, considering the active nature of the baby 'facing' the threat, Sense 6 seems passive: the baby deals with the threat, not that the threat is presented. So the baby would have to handle the threat.

Taking the example "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes," that scenario firmly aligns with Sense 1. The context supports that "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" means "what threat the baby had to deal with." Therefore, I'm confident that Sense 1 is the best fit here. It's the most accurate description of the situation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test <t>using</t> new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Using" in "A test using new 'genetic probes'"**

Okay, here's my breakdown of "using" in this context. Immediately, I'm zeroing in on "employing" or "making use of" the genetic probes for the test's purpose. It's a technical setting, so that's the obvious initial direction.

Let's quickly run through the possible senses though, just to be thorough. First, sense one, "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose..." That aligns perfectly; the test is *employing* the probes. We're on the right track. Sense two, "take or consume (drugs)", that's immediately out of context here, no connection. Third, "use up", not applicable here. Fourth, "seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage" like with influential friends, nah, doesn't fit the scientific nature of the phrase. Fifth, "avail oneself to" such as applying a principle, no, not the best fit. Finally, "used to do something" – this one describes a past habit, clearly doesn't make sense in this test setting. So, I'm confident that sense one, "employing," is the most precise and accurate. The test is *employing* the probes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using <t>new</t> "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuance of "New"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the specific meaning of "new" in that phrase: "A test using new 'genetic probes'". My initial thought is that "new" likely refers to the probes themselves being recently developed or acquired. It's a matter of identifying the "newness" of the tool.

Candidate 1, "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered," seems like a perfect fit. That's the go-to definition for newly created things, right? "New cars," "new laws," it's the standard.

Candidate 2, "original and of a kind not seen before" (novel) is potentially in the ballpark, but seems less likely. While the probes could certainly be novel, the focus here is on the fact that they are recently developed. Newly developed technology usually falls under Candidate 1.

Given the context, the primary, generic sense of "new" is most relevant. I think Candidate 1 is the stronger, more precise choice. Therefore, I will go with Candidate 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "<t>genetic</t> probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Genetic Probes"**

Okay, so the target is "genetic" within "genetic probes," and the context is about investigating the risk from a damaged gene passed to a baby. My initial thought is to really nail down *why* it's "genetic." Is it about genetics as a field, genes themselves, or inheritance? Let's clarify.

Ah, right, a "genetic probe" (or DNA probe) is a DNA fragment designed to find a specific complementary sequence, the target, within another DNA strand. So, it's definitively *about* a gene.

Let's check the candidate meanings. Sense 1, "occurring among members of a family (hereditary disease)," is related but too broad. Sense 2, "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene (genic, genetical)," like "genetic code," feels much closer. Sense 3, "pertaining to origin," is too abstract here. And Sense 4, "relating to the science of genetics," while relevant, feels less precise.

Therefore, "genetic" in "genetic probes" leans toward Sense 2: it's *about* the gene being targeted, not just the science of genetics generally. The probes themselves are tools used to investigate a gene.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "<t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Best Fit for "Showed"**

Okay, so the word I'm working with is "showed" in the phrase "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that..." Clearly, it's about providing some sort of evidential result, probably from an investigation. Let's see...

Candidate 3 looks promising. The definition is "provide evidence for," and the synonyms, like "testify" and "prove," are definitely in the right ballpark. That example, "The blood test showed that he was the father," is practically a perfect match! That whole sentence structure aligns nicely with the original context: "A test... showed that..." It’s all about the test revealing something.

Candidate 2, while also relevant, leans towards establishing the validity of a concept through experimentation or demonstration. I see it, but it’s not quite as precise.

Yeah, Candidate 3 is the clear winner here. It's the most semantically aligned with the original use of "showed," given the test and the resulting implication. That example clinched it for me.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's my analysis of the word "little" in the context of "little Will Quinlan."

**Analyzing "Little Will Quinlan"**

Okay, so the target is "little" used with a name, specifically "little Will Quinlan," and the implication is that Will is a baby. Right away, my mind jumps to the senses of "little" that apply to young children and animals.

Sense 3 feels like the most obvious fit. It's the standard, right? "Young, immature," pretty straightforward. And the synonyms, "small," align perfectly with the image of a baby. The examples provided – "what a big little boy you are; small children" – definitely support this interpretation. This is the common usage, the default for referring to a young child. That's the one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Inheriting a Gene: Breaking Down the Meaning**

Okay, so the target word is "inherited," and the context is about a gene, specifically a "retinoblastoma suppressor gene." My mind immediately jumps to the different senses of "inherited." I have to parse this quickly. First, I consider "obtain from someone after their death." While technically true sometimes, this isn't relevant to genes. Next, "receive from a predecessor" is closer, but still a little vague.

The key is the phrase "inheriting a gene." That immediately directs me towards sense 3: "receive by genetic transmission." This is the only sense that fits the context of genes. This is definitely the correct sense, given the biological terminology in the sentence. Therefore, I can safely interpret the word "inherited" in this passage to mean that little Will Quinlan did not get the damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene passed down from his parents or ancestors through his DNA.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a <t>damaged</t> retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Damaged" in a Genetic Context**

Okay, so the task at hand is to understand "damaged" in relation to a retinoblastoma suppressor gene. Let's break this down logically, as I would. My initial thoughts lean towards two main interpretations, and as an expert, I'm already sifting through them based on common usage in this context.

Candidate 1, that the gene is *harmed, injured, or spoiled,* immediately resonates with me. This is the definition we frequently encounter, isn't it? Damaged goods, damaged tissue... it implies a functional or structural impairment.

The second candidate, that the gene is *brought into disrepute or discredited,* also crosses my mind. Think of a damaged reputation. However, this definition doesn’t feel right here. It’s more of a metaphorical usage, and not particularly pertinent in the biological or biochemical context, at least not in this instance.

Considering my deep understanding of genetics, "damaged" in the context of a retinoblastoma suppressor gene definitely aligns with the first candidate. It's about a physical or functional alteration within the gene itself that hampers its ability to do its job – suppress tumor formation. So, in this instance, it is a straightforward interpretation of its meaning: it's not a reputational issue, it's a structural or functional one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Faced"**

Okay, so the target word is "faced," and the context is Will Quinlan "faced no more risk." My initial thought is about the connotations here – it implies dealing with or confronting something potentially negative, in this case, a risk.

Let's break down the definitions. I'm thinking sense 1 is the strongest fit: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on," as in "confront" or "face up to." Consider examples like "You must confront your problems" or "He faced the terrible consequences." Alternatively, there's sense 6 which is "present somebody with something," as in "He was faced with all the evidence..."

Now, in "faced no more risk," the subject is Will Quinlan, and he's *experiencing* or *dealing with* that risk. Therefore, sense 1 feels more appropriate. It's akin to the idea of someone facing the fallout from their decisions. Let's make the direct comparison: "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes" versus "He faced no more risk." It's analogous.

Just to be thorough, I'm checking the entry for "face%2:32:00::" to confirm that sense 1 is exactly what I think it is. Yes, the definition "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" aligns perfectly with the context of "facing a risk." The connotation of confrontation and experience are both present here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support
2. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's my thought process on the target word "more" in the provided context:

**Analyzing "More" in the Context of Risk**

Okay, the word to dissect is "more." The context is "...faced no more risk than other children...". Right away, I see that "risk" is functioning as a mass noun here. We aren't talking about *individual* risks, but risk as a concept or quantity.

Given that, I'm immediately leaning towards the comparative sense of "more" that works with mass nouns: Sense 1. This one represents a quantifier, indicating a greater magnitude, size, amount, extent, or degree. Think "more land" or "more support." That fits perfectly with how "more" is used with "risk" here. It implies a greater *amount* of risk.

Sense 2, the one that relates to "many" and applies to count nouns, is clearly a mismatch. We're not discussing "more risks" as in, a greater *number* of distinct risks. So, Sense 1 it is. The usage is straightforward, no ambiguity.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Concept of "Risk"**

Okay, so the target is "risk" in that phrase about children and a rare cancer. I need to nail down the precise meaning here. Let's see... I've got a few candidates to choose from. First, we have the idea of "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" - essentially, a hazard. Then there's the second definition: "a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury." We could also consider the probability of infection or exposure to an infectious agent, but that's going down a rabbit hole for the context.

Given that it's cancer we're discussing, those last two senses just aren't relevant. Cancer isn't an infectious agent in this scenario. So, I'm leaning towards the first definition, the broad notion of a hazard or a potential for harm. "Risk... of developing the rare cancer" clearly describes the possibility of experiencing misfortune - a health hazard, if you will. The second sense, that of undertaking a venture, doesn't quite fit. It's more about someone *taking* a risk, not the *existence* of risk itself. Yeah, it's clear: Definition 1 is the winner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Other" in the Context of Rare Cancer Risk**

Okay, let's break down this use of "other." The target phrase is "no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." My initial thought is to examine the various senses of "other" to see which fits best. We've got a few candidates here, and it’s important to select the one that aligns logically with the context.

Firstly, there's the sense of something *not the same as what's already been referenced*. Think of phrases like "today isn't any other day" or "highways and other public works." This seems promising.

Secondly, we have a sense of time; something *recently past* like "the other evening." That doesn't really work here.

Thirdly, there's a sense of something belonging to the *distant past*, like "former generations." This is even further off base.

And finally, we have the sense of *strange or unusual*, like "a strange, other dimension." Nope, that's not it either.

So, evaluating the context, it's clear that in the phrase "other children," we're simply referring to children *not already mentioned*. It's a direct comparison; Will Quinlan's risk is being compared to the risk of children *who are distinct from him*. Therefore, sense number one, "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied," is the most fitting definition here. It's a straightforward differentiation, and in this context, it's the only one that makes sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Scope of "Other Children"**

Okay, so the text states the child "faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." My immediate thought is, "other children" needs clarification. It's referring to young people in the population at large, not necessarily the child's siblings or offspring in a family unit.

The dictionary defines "child" in two primary ways. The first is a general term for a young person. The second defines a child as the offspring of parents, regardless of age. Given the context, where we're discussing retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer affecting an infant ("when he was only two months old... when she was a baby"), the text means "other young people." So, sense one, the general term, fits better than the relational sense.

Just to be absolutely sure, let me go through this again. "Other children" equates to "other kids" in this specific scenario. The first definition – the generic "young person" – is definitely the correct one here, as opposed to the second which speaks of familial relationships.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Developing" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target is "developing" and it's linked to "the rare cancer." My immediate thought is to consider the nuances of "developing" as a verb, particularly in this medical context. We're looking at a change, a transformation, something coming into being. My expertise kicks in – we're not talking about cultivating or improving something here. We're talking about a disease manifesting.

Let's dissect this. I need the precise sense of "developing" in this scenario. My instinct says it's about a physical change, an attribute, or a state taking hold. Let me see... yes, sense 4 is the winner: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)." Perfect! The synonyms like "grow," "produce," "get," and "acquire" all resonate. "He grew a beard" - it *manifested*, it appeared. "The patient developed abdominal pains" - precisely the connotation we need. Bingo. This is a clear match for the cancer *developing* within the patient.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's my thought process, distilled:

**Focusing on the Term "Cancer"**

Okay, so the prompt is dealing with the term "cancer," specifically "the rare cancer." My immediate mental leap is towards the medical definition, a malignant growth or tumor. That feels like a very natural fit, given the phrasing. The context of "rare cancer" practically screams that this is what we're talking about. I'm assuming the rare cancer being referred to is retinoblastoma, a type of malignant growth.

I briefly scan the other possibilities in my mind, but they feel like unlikely, even nonsensical, distractions. Astrology, constellations, signs of the zodiac, and the type genus of the Cancridae family – none of those seem relevant. They are definitely not what I'd expect when dealing with a medical condition, much less one described as rare and possibly deadly. The medical sense (sense 1) is the clear winner here, the only definition that aligns with the intended meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 45}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 45}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Made" in Context**

Okay, the word in question is "made," specifically in the context of "It made our New Year," as spoken by Mr. Quinlan. My initial thought is to pinpoint the exact sense of "made" here. Based on my existing knowledge, the obvious interpretation leans towards a sense of causing something to be enjoyable or pleasurable, something that, in a similar way, could "make my day."

Let's quickly check the candidate senses to ensure accuracy. Aha! Sense 45 seems like the perfect fit: "sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day". The definition and example directly support the initial interpretation. The context, "made our New Year", aligns perfectly with the idea of causing the New Year to be enjoyable or pleasurable. This confirms my initial assessment. No further analysis is needed; this is the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Says"**

Okay, so the task is to decipher the meaning of "says" in the quote: '"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.' My immediate thought, as an expert in language and textual analysis, is to pinpoint the exact denotation within this specific context. "Says" here implies that Mr. Quinlan *stated* or *expressed* something verbally. It's a clear indicator of direct speech.

Now, let's break down the semantic possibilities. My quick mental scan brings up a couple of distinct senses. Sense 1, "express in words" (essentially, to state or tell), feels like a perfect match. The example provided ("He said that he wanted to marry her") aligns seamlessly with the phrasing used in the quote. That's a strong indicator.

Then there's Sense 8, which involves "uttering aloud," like saying "Hello." While that's technically accurate, it seems less precise here. It doesn't capture the full communicative intent that is implied by the quote.

Given the prevalence of Sense 1 in these kinds of quoted statements (the "...," says Mr. Quinlan" structure), I'm confident that Sense 1 is the most appropriate and the intended meaning of "says" in this instance. It means Mr. Quinlan *stated* something. Case closed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "First"**

Okay, the target word is "first" in that sentence about the cancer prediction test. My initial thought is that it signifies the very *initial* one, the one that came before all others, chronologically. Let's see... my first candidate, with the sense key `first%3:00:00::`, nails it: "preceding all others in time or space or degree." Perfect, seems to be an adjective describing the test. Now there's another candidate, this time "indicating the beginning unit in a series," as an ordinal number. Hmmm... thinking about "the first *to predict*," it is acting as a noun/pronoun, and "preceding" is acting as the adjective. That first sense seems to be the adjective sense, "preceding all others."

I should double-check sense 1, just to be thorough. The examples listed are solid: "the first house on the right," "the first day of spring." Yeah, this fits the context of "the first *test* to predict". Now, let's look at sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series." Not as general as the first sense, and, I think, not as appropriate for the sentence.

So, after careful consideration, I think sense 1 is the most appropriate and general for the sentence: "the first *test* to predict."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Individual" in This Context**

Okay, so I'm breaking down the term "individual" here, and it's pretty straightforward, given the surrounding information. My focus is on how "individual" functions in the phrase, "whether an individual could expect to develop cancer." The key is the question of *who* is being considered.

Based on the surrounding context, and my expertise, I'm thinking specifically about human beings, like Will Quinlan or Mr. Quinlan – actual *people*. We're talking about medical testing for cancer on humans.

Two candidates are proposed, but one is a slam dunk. Candidate 1, that the term refers to "a human being" (and synonyms like "person" or "someone"), nails it. This is the most specific and accurate interpretation. Candidate 2, a "single organism", is technically correct but too broad. It could refer to anything from a bacteria to a redwood, not just what's being discussed. The precision here is key. "Human being" provides the necessary specificity to the situation. So, "a human being" is the definitive interpretation in this instance.