[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do <t>work</t> and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
2. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
3. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
4. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
5. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
6. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
7. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
8. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
9. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
10. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
11. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
12. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
13. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
14. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
15. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
16. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
17. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times
18. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
19. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
20. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
21. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
22. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
23. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
24. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
25. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
27. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Work" in Educational Reform**

Okay, so the sentence is "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work," and I'm homing in on the word "work." The context screams for a meaning related to effectiveness, to achieving a desired outcome. My initial thought is the sense "have an effect or outcome, often the one desired or expected" – that's work%2:41:03. This feels right because we're talking about *reforms*.

But hold on, let me quickly consider work%2:35:02, "perform as expected when applied." That definition feels more suited to machines or systems that "function," like a washing machine or an old car running well. Hmm, is this a semantic trap? The sentence implies that education reforms "work" in order to be a success.

Let's break it down further. I can say "The voting process doesn't work," or "How does your idea work in practice?" Both of those use cases align perfectly with the "effect or outcome" sense. In contrast, you'd say a washing machine "functions," so the two are different.

Yep, it's clear: reforms fit the "effect or outcome" sense (work%2:41:03) much better than the "perform as expected" sense (work%2:35:02). Now, let me just quickly double-check the index for sense 6: yep, it is "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected." Makes sense.

And of course, it's not the sense of being employed or exerting oneself. So, sense 6 it is!


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not <t>work</t>: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
2. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
3. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
4. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
5. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times
6. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
7. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
8. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
9. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
10. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
11. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
12. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
13. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
14. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
15. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
16. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
17. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
18. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
19. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
20. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
21. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
22. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
23. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
25. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
26. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
27. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 21}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 21}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "Work" in Context**

Okay, the target is "work" and the surface form is, well, "work." The context is "education reforms that do work and do not work..." Hmm, it's pretty clear we're not talking about a machine operating here. It's more about efficacy, about whether something *achieves* a desired outcome.

My first thought is to narrow it down, so I'm looking at those candidate senses. I've got two strong contenders: "perform as expected when applied" – which is, of course, usually a mechanical sense – and "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected." The examples are important here; things that 'work' in the second sense are "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought," or, "How does your idea work in practice?"

That really hits home. "Education reforms" definitely fall into the category of trying to achieve an *effect* or *outcome*. So, I'm leaning heavily towards the "have an effect" sense. It seems to perfectly match.

Let me just quickly re-check that first candidate – the mechanical one. Okay, yeah, that just doesn't fit at all. Washing machines...cars...no, no, no. Definitely not relevant.

So, Candidate 21 it is. Let's make sure I'm solid on this.

Okay, Candidate 21 again: sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?

Yep. That's a spot-on fit for "education reforms that do work." We're talking about effective reforms, reforms that actually achieve something. We've got a match.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parental
Target surface form: Parental
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "<t>Parental</t> involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parental%3:01:00:: | definition=designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced
2. sense_key=parental%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent | synonyms=maternal, paternal | examples=parental guidance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Parental" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "parental," and the surrounding text is discussing education and reform, specifically noting that "Parental involvement" is a "bad idea." My initial instinct, given the subject matter, is that "parental" relates to parents and their involvement in their children's education – a clear fit for sense 2: "relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent."

I need to confirm this quickly, so I'll review the potential senses. Sense 1, "designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced," is clearly related to genetics and reproduction in organisms. It's interesting, but completely irrelevant here.

Let's look more closely at Sense 2. Okay, the definition is "relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent." Perfect. This directly addresses the concept of parents and their role. Given the discussion about education and the negative framing of "Parental involvement", it becomes evident that the context refers to human parents and their interactions with schools, so Sense 2 is undoubtedly the correct choice. The context just doesn't suggest that "parental" is being used in a genetic or biological context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involvement
Target surface form: involvement
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental <t>involvement</t> "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen
2. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
3. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation
4. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music
5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Involvement" in the Context of Education**

Okay, the target is "involvement," and the surface form is, well, "involvement." The context is about education reforms, and it's stating that "parental involvement" is a bad idea because parents tend to unfairly blame schools. My mind immediately starts running through the potential senses. I'm seeing five candidates: a connection or inclusion (1), sharing in group activities (2), sharing in common with others (3), interest or concern (4), and a sexual relationship (5). Clearly, the last one is out – that's a red herring.

Now, let's zero in. "Parental involvement" here is definitely about parents being *active*. Are they "connected" to the school or "sharing in common"? No, they're taking an *action*. I'm thinking sense 2, which is "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" – engagement, participation, you get the idea. Sense 3, "the condition of sharing in common," feels less active, more like a state.

To solidify this, I'll compare. Sense 2 is from the lexical file 04, which is for *acts*, while sense 3 is from file 26, which is for *states*. "Parental involvement" is definitely about the *act* of parents getting involved, participating in their kids' education. The example, "the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities," is a perfect match. That active participation is what's being discussed. "Engagement" is a good synonym for this.

So, after careful consideration, I'm confident that sense 2, the act of engagement, is the correct interpretation here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bad
Target surface form: bad
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a <t>bad</t> idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=below average in quality or performance | examples=a bad chess player; a bad recital
2. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: | definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | examples=a bad report card; his sloppy appearance made a bad impression
3. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00 | definition=not working properly | synonyms=defective | examples=a bad telephone connection; a defective appliance
4. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | synonyms=spoiled, spoilt | examples=bad meat; a refrigerator full of spoilt food
5. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=physically unsound or diseased | synonyms=unfit, unsound | examples=has a bad back; a bad heart
6. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03 | definition=nonstandard | examples=so-called bad grammar
7. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:invalid:00 | definition=not capable of being collected | synonyms=uncollectible | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
8. sense_key=bad%5:00:02:unsound:00 | definition=not financially safe or secure | synonyms=risky, high-risk, speculative | examples=a bad investment; high risk investments
9. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00 | definition=reproduced fraudulently | synonyms=forged | examples=like a bad penny...; a forged twenty dollar bill
10. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=big | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
11. sense_key=bad%3:00:09:: | definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | synonyms=regretful, sorry | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made
12. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | examples=led a very bad life
13. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:harmful:00 | definition=capable of harming | examples=bad air; smoking is bad for you
14. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00 | definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | synonyms=tough | examples=my throat feels bad; she felt bad all over

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantics of "Bad" in Context**

Okay, so the target word here is "bad," and the context is quite clear: "Parental involvement" is a *bad* idea. My initial approach is to consider the potential senses of "bad" as a semanticist would. I'm presented with a list of candidates, and my mind immediately starts evaluating them based on the surrounding words and the overall sentiment.

I quickly rule out a few of the senses immediately. Things like "malfunctioning," "stale," "unhealthy," "nonstandard," "invalid," "unsound," "counterfeit," "intense," "regretful," "evil," "harmful," and "uncomfortable" just don't fit here. The sentence isn't about broken systems, spoiled food, financial risk, or physical sensations.

That leaves me with the core choices: Sense 1, "inferior," and Sense 2, which is the most general – "having undesirable or negative qualities." The phrase "a bad idea" is the key. Is it "inferior"? A "bad chess player" is clearly inferior. But is the idea *inferior* to *another* idea, or is it just simply *bad* in a more general way?

I think about examples like "a bad report card" or "his sloppy appearance made a bad impression." Those aren't necessarily "inferior" in comparison to some other report card or appearance; they are simply *bad* in their own right, reflecting a negative quality.

I lean toward Sense 2, the general "having undesirable or negative qualities," as the most accurate. It is the antonym of "good." The idea, in this case, "parental involvement," is being framed as undesirable, something that should be avoided. The sentence implies that, given the specific context of parents blaming schools for their child's limitations, the idea has inherent negative qualities which are undesirable. This general sense of "bad" is what the author is trying to convey. It is not inferior to something else.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad <t>idea</t>. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
2. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
5. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Idea" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "idea," and the phrase is "a bad idea." My initial task is to pin down the precise meaning. I'm presented with a few potential senses. Let's run through them: *intention* doesn't seem right. Neither does a *musical theme* – that's clearly off-base. An *approximate calculation*? Nope. A *personal view* could work, but it's not the most direct. That leaves us with the fifth sense: *the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about*.

The phrase itself, "a bad idea," is a dead giveaway, almost a direct example of what sense 5 describes. The examples provided – "it was not a good idea," "the thought never entered my mind" – are spot on. The context, "'Parental involvement' is a bad idea," further reinforces this. It's not about an intention or a rough estimate. It's a judgment, a negative assessment of a *thought* or *concept* – a plan, perhaps.

Double-checking sense 5, it explicitly states that it's about the "content of cognition." The synonyms, "thought," are helpful. This aligns perfectly with the negative sentiment expressed by "bad." Therefore, the most relevant interpretation is definitely sense 5. I am confident in that choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained
2. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Parent" Sense in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "parent," and it's appearing as "Parents" in the text. My initial step is to identify potential senses. I've got two: the biological sense (parent%1:03:00) and the familial role sense (parent%1:18:00). Now, I'll dive into the context: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

Immediately, the presence of "children," "schools," and the phrase "educational limitations" triggers the relevant semantic frame in my mind. We're talking about education, upbringing, and the roles of individuals involved in a child's development. This points directly to the human familial sense. Sense 2, parent%1:18:00, is a perfect fit here. It explicitly references "father or mother," "one who...nurtures and raises a child," the very domain we're dealing with. No ambiguity to resolve here; the context strongly favors the familial interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: too
Target surface form: too
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=too%4:02:00:: | definition=to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits | synonyms=excessively, overly, to a fault | examples=too big
2. sense_key=too%4:02:01:: | definition=in addition | synonyms=besides, also, likewise, as well | examples=he has a Mercedes, too

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Too"**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "too" in that sentence, and I need to determine its specific meaning here. The immediate senses that spring to mind are the "excessive" sense and the "in addition" sense. However, when I look at the phrase "Parents are *too* likely to blame schools...", the "in addition" meaning just doesn't fit. It doesn't make sense to say parents are blaming schools *also* likely.

No, the clear implication is a degree of likelihood that is *excessive*, that goes beyond what's reasonable. It's an instance of excessive blame being placed. Thus, I'm confident that sense number one, "to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits," is the correct interpretation in this context. It's about an *overly* strong propensity to blame, an inclination that surpasses an acceptable level.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse
4. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Likely"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "likely" in this particular sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." The surface form is the same as the target lemma, which makes this a straightforward initial assessment. My immediate understanding is that "likely" in this context refers to a high probability – that parents *tend* to or have a good chance of blaming schools.

Now, let's dissect the candidate senses. I'll quickly run through them to see which definition resonates most strongly.
*   **Sense 1:** "expected to become or be; in prospect" – Seems a bit off. The focus isn't on something *becoming* likely, but rather on something that *is* likely in the present.
*   **Sense 2:** "likely but not certain to be or become true or real" – This is getting closer, emphasizing probability. While it isn't incorrect, it isn't the clearest fit.
*   **Sense 3:** "within the realm of credibility" – This focuses on plausibility and seems irrelevant to the "tendency" the example suggests.
*   **Sense 4:** "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about" – Bingo! This is the most compelling contender. The examples include structures like "she is likely to forget", which mirrors our target sentence's structure: "Parents are too likely to blame..." The emphasis is on a good chance of *doing* something.

Therefore, after this evaluation, I'm confident that sense 4 provides the best match to the intended meaning of "likely" in this specific instance.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blame
Target surface form: blame
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to <t>blame</t> schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blame%2:31:00:: | definition=attribute responsibility to | synonyms=charge | examples=We blamed the accident on her; The tragedy was charged to her inexperience
2. sense_key=blame%2:32:00:: | definition=put or pin the blame on | synonyms=fault
3. sense_key=blame%2:32:01:: | definition=harass with constant criticism | synonyms=find fault, pick | examples=Don't always pick on your little brother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Sense of "Blame" in Context**

Okay, so the target is the verb "blame", and the surface form is, well, "blame". The context sentence is "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." My initial goal is to disambiguate the sense of "blame" within this sentence. I have three candidate senses to consider: attributing responsibility, putting or pinning the blame, and harassing with criticism.

The phrase "blame schools for the educational limitations" immediately struck me as key. I need to differentiate between "attribute responsibility to" and "put or pin the blame on." The first, according to my knowledge, is exemplified by structures like "We blamed the accident on her," where the *accident* is the thing being blamed on *her*. The second, "put or pin the blame on," is more direct, as in "I don't blame you."

The structure "blame [somebody] for [something]" is the first clue.  I'm thinking about subcategorization frames here, and how they relate to the WordNet definitions and examples.  I had to go back and double check the senses and examples in WordNet. The synonyms are helpful: "fault" for sense 2 ("put or pin the blame on"), and "charge" for sense 1 ("attribute responsibility to"). I am checking the frames, too.

I started digging deeper into the distinction. The key lies in what's being directly affected by the blaming. In the example sentence, "blame schools for...", "schools" are the direct recipient of the blame, meaning it's sense 2 (fault). With sense 1, I need to know *what* is being blamed *on* someone (the accident, for example). Here it's clear: the schools are the ones being faulted. The direct object, "schools," confirms that this matches the "put or pin the blame on" sense, not "attribute responsibility to."

I re-examined the WordNet senses to confirm:
*   Sense 1: Fault, blame (put or pin the blame on)
*   Sense 2: Charge, blame (attribute responsibility to)

The order of the senses in my list threw me off, but I had the correct definitions.

So, in the sentence, "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations," "schools" is the entity being faulted. The "blame X for Y" structure definitively points towards sense 2, where X (the schools) is being directly faulted for Y (the educational limitations). "Blame schools" makes it sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: school
Target surface form: schools
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=school%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | synonyms=schooltime, school day | examples=stay after school; he didn't miss a single day of school
2. sense_key=school%1:14:02:: | definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
3. sense_key=school%1:06:00:: | definition=a building where young people receive education | synonyms=schoolhouse | examples=the school was built in 1932; he walked to school every morning
4. sense_key=school%1:14:03:: | definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed; the whole school turned out for the game
5. sense_key=school%1:09:00:: | definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | synonyms=schooling | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
6. sense_key=school%1:14:00:: | definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
7. sense_key=school%1:14:01:: | definition=a large group of fish | synonyms=shoal | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Schools"**

Okay, so the target is "schools" in the phrase "blame schools," within the context of parental blame in education. My initial thought is it's referring to either the institution itself or the people involved – the faculty, staff, and potentially even the student body, the entire system. Let's see...

I'm quickly reviewing the candidate senses, trying to eliminate the obvious ones like the period of instruction or a group of artists (senses 1 and 2). That leaves me considering senses 4, 6, and possibly even 3 or 5, but, I'm already zeroing in on 4 and 6, educational institution's faculty/students, and educational institution. The other senses seem less likely given the context.

If parents *blame* "schools," it seems they're blaming the *system*, the *institution*, right? Things like "schools are to blame," or the common phrase "failing schools", always suggest the institution itself, so sense 6.

I'm thinking about typical usages: "the school was founded in 1900" is a textbook example of sense 6, referring to the physical school as a single entity, the institution. And, then for sense 4, something like "the school keeps parents informed", that's when you're referring to the faculty and/or administration, acting as a collective, but if a parent is likely to *blame* the school for issues with their children, the school is the entity and not necessarily the specific staff members and faculty, so sense 6.

Let's look at similar contexts – things like "schools are failing our children" or "blame the schools" strongly suggest the institution as a whole, "schools", rather than the people within it. WordNet confirms this too, offering both options.

I'm checking similar sentences and the usage, "schools" in the plural, usually implies the institution, not just the people, "public schools," that, sense 6, it's pretty clear. So, yeah, it's overwhelmingly pointing to sense 6: "an educational institution". I'm going to choose that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the <t>educational</t> limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film
2. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Educational"**

Okay, so the target word is "educational," and the surface form is, well, "educational." Straightforward enough. Now, the context is "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." My initial thought is to identify the correct sense from the two candidates: "providing knowledge" or "relating to the process of education."

In this context, it feels like "educational limitations" is about shortcomings related to learning, not limitations in the *knowledge-providing* sense. Phrases like "educational psychology," "educational system," and even "educational limitations" itself clearly point toward the *process* of education. So, sense 2 feels right. Sense 1, the knowledge-providing sense, works more for phrases like "an educational film," something explicitly *instructive*. Sense 2, as a relational adjective, makes the most logical sense in this sentence: "relating to the process of education."

Hmm, just to be absolutely sure, let's step back and consider it again. "Educational limitations" directly pertains to limitations in the children's educational *attainments* or *abilities*, which is definitely related to the process of education. This isn't a limitation in the sense that something isn't *instructive*, so sense 2 is the better fit. Yep, sense 2 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: limitation
Target surface form: limitations
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational <t>limitations</t> of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=limitation%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle that limits the extent of something | synonyms=restriction | examples=I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements
2. sense_key=limitation%1:23:00:: | definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | synonyms=limit | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet; it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight
3. sense_key=limitation%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being limited or restricted | examples=it is a good plan but it has serious limitations
4. sense_key=limitation%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation) | synonyms=restriction
5. sense_key=limitation%1:28:00:: | definition=(law) a time period after which suits cannot be brought | examples=statute of limitations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "limitations" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "limitations," and the surface form is plural, which is good to note. The context provided is "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." My initial thought is to quickly rule out senses that don't fit the general meaning.

I have a few candidates: limitation%1:09:00, which is a limiting principle; limitation%1:23:00, the maximum possible amount; limitation%1:07:00, the *quality* of being limited or restricted; limitation%1:04:00, an act of limiting; and finally, a legal timeframe: limitation%1:28:00.

"Educational limitations" – clearly we're dealing with shortcomings or restricted abilities within the scope of education. Let's see... a rule or principle (sense 1) doesn't feel right. The maximum amount (sense 2) is also a poor fit. An act of limiting (sense 4) is not what's happening. A legal time frame (sense 5) is totally irrelevant.

That leaves the *quality* of being limited or restricted (sense 3). And there it is! "Educational limitations" directly corresponds to this quality, referring to shortcomings or restricted abilities in children's education. Perfect. Sense 3 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
2. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
3. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
4. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Children" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "child," and it appears as "children" in the sentence "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children." My initial thought is to figure out which of the multiple senses of "child" is being used here. Let's see... I've got a few options: a human offspring, a childish person, a member of a clan or tribe, or just any young person.

Given the context, the phrase "their children" is key. The connection to "Parents" is very strong. We're obviously talking about the offspring of the parents – that parent-offspring relationship is explicitly present. So, I'm leaning towards sense 1, "a human offspring," or "kid" as a synonym. This seems like the most natural and direct fit.

To be thorough, I should briefly consider the other senses. Sense 4, "a young person," could potentially work, but the possessive "their" paired with "parents" in the text clearly points to that familial relationship. This usage strongly implies offspring, sons or daughters, of those parents. Sense 1 is most relevant.

Therefore, I'm pretty confident that the intended sense here is sense 1: the human offspring. The analysis confirms it.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. <t>Parents</t> should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained
2. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Parents" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "Parents," and the context is about their involvement in their children's education at home. Immediately, I'm thinking about disambiguation – the word "parents" has multiple senses. There's the biological sense (Sense 1), and then the more relational, caregiver sense (Sense 2).

Given the sentence's focus on education and children, it's clear the relevant meaning isn't the biological origin. "Parents should be involved with their children's education..." is all about the role of the father or mother, the ones who nurture and guide, the guardians – that's undeniably Sense 2. No question about it. It's a straightforward mapping to the caregiver role. Selecting Sense 2 feels accurate for this analysis.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be <t>involved</t> with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved
4. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Lemma "Involved"**

Okay, so the target is "involved," and the surface form is, well, "involved." Straightforward enough. The context provided is: "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school." My immediate task is to sift through the candidate senses and determine the best fit.

Let's see, we have:

1.  "emotionally involved" – this screams emotional attachment. Not quite right in this context, we are talking about *participation*.
2.  "highly complex or intricate" – definitely not applicable here; we're talking about a level of engagement.
3.  "enveloped" – Nope, completely off. No enveloping is occurring.
4.  "connected by participation or association or use" – Now we are cooking. This sounds like an excellent match to the prompt.
5.  "entangled or hindered" – This is also a no.

The core of this context revolves around parental *participation* in the child's education. Let's verify with the best candidate, sense 4: "Parents should be connected by participation or association with their children's education." Yep, that's spot on. The verification confirms that sense 4, "connected by participation," is the appropriate sense. Sense 1 is definitely related to emotion. Sense 2 describes complex subject matter. Sense 3, envelope, is wrong. Sense 5 describes restriction. Thus, the best fit is definitely Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their <t>children</t>'s education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
4. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Children"**

Okay, so the target is "child" (surface form "children") and the context is "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school." Immediately, I'm thinking this is straightforward. The phrase "their children" strongly suggests the offspring of the parents involved, highlighting that familial relationship.

Let's quickly check the senses to be certain. Sense 2 is "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" – synonyms like "kid" are included. Sense 4 is "a young person of either sex," with synonyms like "kid, youngster, minor," etc.

Now, considering the full sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school." The key is that "their" highlights the parental connection. The text emphasizes the parental relationship, the *offspring* is the focus here.

Sense 4, "a young person," is too generic. While technically accurate, it doesn't capture the essence of the relationship implied by "their." The phrase "their children" specifically refers to those kids belonging to the parents.

So, let's confirm this by reviewing the definitions of the applicable senses.

Sense 2: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age.

Sense 4: a young person of either sex.

"their children's education" directly points to the children *of the parents*, and because of the possessive relationship, Sense 2 is the clear and most appropriate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's <t>education</t> at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
2. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
5. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
6. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Ambiguity of "Education"**

Okay, so the target is "education", the surface form is "education", and the context is "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school." Let's break this down. We have a list of senses to choose from. Based on the context, I immediately start eliminating the more specific senses like the federal department or the profession. It is clear we are dealing with the broader concepts.

Initially, I'm leaning towards "the activities of educating or instructing" (sense 2) or "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" (sense 3). The phrase "children's education" is the key. Is this about the *process* the child undergoes, or the *activities* the parents are involved in? Let's check the examples. "A girl's education" is mentioned as an example for sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge". Does "children's education" align better with a process or activities?

My gut tells me it's a process. The sentence is about parental involvement in the *children's* learning, not just the *parents'* instructional activities. So, the children undergo their education. "Their children's education" fits with "a girl's education".

But then I pause. Could it be sense 2? The activities of educating? The parents *are* involved in those activities. "He received no formal education" fits with sense 2. Is a child receiving an education (sense 2) or undergoing education (sense 3)?

Okay, let's think through this more rigorously. If the parents are *involved* in their children's education, does that mean they are involved in the activities or the process? Since the children are the receivers, it implies the learning process (sense 3) or instruction (sense 2). But... the sentence structure, the use of "their", "a girl's education", is almost identical in construction. I'm leaning toward sense 3, because it's the learning process.

I need to make sure. Let's really solidify this:

*   **Sense 2**: "activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill"
*   **Sense 3**: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge"

"Activities of educating" - would imply parents doing the educating. They help with homework, etc. "Their children's education", however, suggests the children are learning, so the process (sense 3). I will go for sense 3. But the fact remains that "he received no formal education" (Sense 2) is a strong parallel.

Okay, ultimately, the core concept is that the phrase "their children's education" means that it's the process the children undergo, so I'm committing to sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge." The parents are involved in that process.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: home
Target surface form: home
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at <t>home</t>, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=home%1:15:05:: | definition=the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end | synonyms=base
2. sense_key=home%1:06:00:: | definition=housing that someone is living in | synonyms=dwelling, domicile, abode, habitation, dwelling house | examples=he built a modest dwelling near the pond; they raise money to provide homes for the homeless
3. sense_key=home%1:26:00:: | definition=an environment offering affection and security | examples=home is where the heart is; he grew up in a good Christian home
4. sense_key=home%1:06:01:: | definition=an institution where people are cared for | synonyms=nursing home, rest home | examples=a home for the elderly
5. sense_key=home%1:15:04:: | definition=where you live at a particular time | synonyms=place | examples=deliver the package to my home; he doesn't have a home to go to
6. sense_key=home%1:14:00:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, house, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
7. sense_key=home%1:06:02:: | definition=(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score | synonyms=home plate, home base, plate | examples=he ruled that the runner failed to touch home
8. sense_key=home%1:15:02:: | definition=the country or state or city where you live | examples=Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home; his home is New Jersey
9. sense_key=home%1:15:03:: | definition=place where something began and flourished | examples=the United States is the home of basketball

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Interpretation of "At Home" in the Context of Parental Involvement**

Okay, so the prompt is about parental involvement *at home*, and it's contrasting this with involvement *in school*. My mind immediately goes through the possible interpretations of "at home." We're trying to figure out what "home" refers to in this context.

First, I consider a few possibilities, but they don't quite fit: military base, a building, a place offering affection, a nursing home. Then I zero in on candidates like "where you live at a particular time" and "family/household".

My initial thought is that "at home" most likely refers to the location where someone lives (Candidate 5). I'm contrasting "at home" with "in school" here, and it seems to me that it maps well to this location. I'm wondering if I should double-check with "housing that someone is living in", because that could work.

Then I start to parse the phrase "at home" further. The examples in WordNet for Candidate 5 like "deliver the package to my home" are helpful. I'm thinking about "at home" as indicating place, rather than some other interpretation, like the family. I think it is sense 5 because of its contrasting nature with "in school".

I'm now thinking about the examples in WordNet. Sense 5 is defined as "where you live at a particular time," and that's the one I'm leaning toward. Examples like "deliver the package to my home" clearly support this. Sense 2, "housing that someone is living in," is also relevant, but the "at" in "at home" points to a place rather than an object.

I review all the other senses again, including sense 6, "family, household," but it doesn't fit the context as cleanly as sense 5, especially when considered as a location. "At school" and "at work" are places.

So, I will go with sense 5, "where you live at a particular time," as the best fit. I'm confident in this choice. "At home" is used in this context to indicate the place of residence, contrasting with "in school."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should <t>see</t> to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
2. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
3. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?
4. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
5. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
6. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
8. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
9. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
10. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
11. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
12. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
15. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
16. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
17. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
18. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
19. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
20. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
23. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
24. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuance of "See to it"**

Okay, here's how I'm breaking down this "see to it" situation. The core of the issue is figuring out the precise meaning of "see" in the given context: "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant." I'm immediately drawn to the most relevant definition, which is sense 5. I’m thinking this definition aligns perfectly, which is "be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something."

The phrase "see to it" itself is explicitly listed as a synonym within this sense. This is a very strong indicator. The examples provided—"He verified that the valves were closed," "See that the curtains are closed"—clearly show the intent of the phrase in action. It's about taking action to ensure something happens or, in this case, *doesn't* happen. Therefore, based on the definition and synonyms, and considering the example sentence, I'm confident that sense 5 is the correct interpretation. The phrase in the text neatly satisfies the intended meaning in definition 5 of "see to it".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kid
Target surface form: kids
Context:
Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their <t>kids</t> do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kid%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=child, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=kid%1:27:00:: | definition=soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat | synonyms=kidskin | examples=kid gloves
3. sense_key=kid%1:18:02:: | definition=English dramatist (1558-1594) | synonyms=Kyd, Thomas Kyd, Thomas Kid
4. sense_key=kid%1:05:00:: | definition=young goat
5. sense_key=kid%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=child | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Kids" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "kids," and the context is about parental involvement in education. My initial thought is to consider the possible senses. We've got:

*   Kid as a young person (kid%1:18:00::)
*   Kid as soft leather (kid%1:27:00::) - Not relevant here.
*   Kid as an English dramatist (kid%1:18:02::) - Definitely not.
*   Kid as a young goat (kid%1:05:00::) - Nope.
*   Kid as a human offspring (kid%1:18:01::) – This is the key one, "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age".

The context uses "their kids," directly paralleling "their children". That possessive "their" is important. It immediately suggests a familial relationship. Now, let's see, the sentence says "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children..." Since the context is about education, I'm leaning toward sense 5. I think the key phrase is "send their kids to college."

So, comparing "their children" with "their kids" strongly points towards offspring, not just any young person. The definition of "kids" as offspring seems the best fit, emphasizing the parent-child relationship. I need to be sure though.

Let's do a final check: sense 5 is a human offspring while sense 1 is a young person. The examples in the definition are crucial. "Send their kids to college" is sense 5, offspring. "They're just kids" is sense 1. Since it's about "their" kids, meaning the offspring of the parents, I'm confident sense 5 (offspring) is correct.