[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: implicate
Target surface form: implicated
Context:
Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=implicate%2:42:01:: | definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. sense_key=implicate%2:42:00:: | definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Implicated" in the Context of p53 and Lung Cancer**

Okay, the target word is "implicated," and we're looking at the phrase "p53 gene implicated in lung cancer." My initial thought is to make sure I grasp the nuance here, given the scientific context. My first instinct is to consider the two main senses of the word. One is clearly about incriminating connections – "He is implicated in the scheme..." – that feels right, given the phrase “implicated in” is *exactly* the structure we’re seeing, in this instance. Then we have the second sense, which is more about entailment or implication – like something being a necessary consequence. I need to make sure I don't confuse this.

Let's check those definitions again. One is very direct: *bring into intimate and incriminating connection.* That feels spot-on. The second, more general sense doesn't quite fit, and feels less relevant: *entail, impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment.*

Now, in a medical or scientific context like this, when a gene is "implicated *in*" a disease, it means it's been shown to play a role or be involved in a causal or contributing way. We're essentially saying it's "blamed" or found to have an incriminating connection with the disease in some way. This whole concept is akin to that criminal case where the person is implicated, because evidence has come to light suggesting their involvement. So, yes, the first definition, the incriminating connection, is definitely the correct sense here. Case closed.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
2. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
3. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report
4. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
5. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of a Scientific Report**

Okay, so I'm presented with a sentence: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that... missing this gene." My mind immediately goes to the potential senses of the word "report" – I have to figure out what kind of "report" is being discussed here. Since this is in a scientific context, and we're talking about the p53 suppressor gene and cancer, I'm already leaning towards this being a formal scientific publication.

My brain kicks into gear: *sharp explosive sound* – no, doesn't fit. *Report card* – highly unlikely. *Reputation* – irrelevant. *Act of informing by verbal report* – while *possible*, it’s less likely in this scenario. Then, I hit upon something more promising: *a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (study, written report)*, sense 5. This one feels right! This leads me to also consider an *essay* or *short account of the news* as possible meanings, especially in a media setting.

The phrase "In a report out last week" really solidifies my thinking. In the scientific community, "report" is often used to refer to a published *study*. So, it's a *written report*. I might even say something like, "This aligns with the recent study by Hill and Dale." Using synonyms, like "study" or "written report," confirms my hypothesis. I can confidently conclude that the "report" in this context is a *written document describing the findings* of John Minna and his colleagues' research.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
2. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Last"**

Okay, so the target word is "last," and the context is "In a report out last week..." My initial instinct, given my expertise, is to immediately consider the temporal implications. This is likely a straightforward usage, but let's be thorough.

The phrase "last week" immediately points me toward Candidate 3: "last%5:00:00:past:00," which defines "last" as "immediately past." The examples provided, "last Thursday; the last chapter we read," are a perfect fit. The phrase clearly refers to the week directly preceding the present time, a specific temporal adjacency. There are no subtleties here, no potential for metaphorical usage or any alternate definitions that require further investigation. Candidate 3 is, in this case, the absolute and correct sense. This is an easy disambiguation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Phrase "Last Week"**

Okay, so I'm looking at the phrase "last week" and need to nail down its precise meaning within this context. My initial thought is that "last week" almost always refers to the calendar week preceding the current one – that standard, Sunday-to-Saturday period. So, I need to make a solid case for that.

First, let's consider the possible senses. "Workweek" is out; that's not it. Then there's "any period of seven consecutive days," like "it rained for a week." That's a possibility, but I'm leaning toward the calendar week. Sense 3, "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" feels right. My gut reaction says that "last week" usually points to the *previous* calendar week. And if this were a WSD exercise, "last week" would likely align with the calendar week sense.

Hang on, let me be certain. Is it literally the seven days prior, or the calendar week? Think about it: if someone said, "the report was out last week," that means it came out during the preceding calendar week, right? Not necessarily *exactly* 7-14 days ago. That makes sense! The calendar week (sense 3) is more precise.

I should check the phrase in standard tagged corpora (like SemCor). "Last week" should probably resolve to sense 3. Let's make sure.

Yes, "in a report out last week" = calendar week. Bingo. That confirms it, "last week" almost always means the preceding calendar week.

Okay, let me just double-check, looking at the SemCor conventions one last time. "Last week," "next week," "a few weeks ago," might they all imply calendar weeks?

Absolutely. Sense 3: calendar week.

Therefore, the correct answer, based on the context, is sense 3 – the calendar week.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
2. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
3. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
4. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
6. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
9. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
10. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
11. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Nuances of "Say"**

Alright, the task is to disambiguate "say" in the context of "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." The target lemma is "say", the surface form is "say." The initial instinct is to choose between "express in words" (sense 5) and "report or maintain" (sense 9).

This *feels* like a reporting context, right? It's a scientific report, so is it more like "report or maintain"?  I need to decide: "express in words" (state, tell) or "report or maintain" (allege, aver). Sense 5 gives "express in words" as in "He said that he wanted to marry her." Sense 9 gives "report or maintain" such as in "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war". It is a report of findings. The colleagues *say* something in the report.

I immediately think, let's look at how "say" is annotated in similar contexts, like WSJ texts. "Researchers say" is often tagged as `say%2:32:01::` (report or maintain) or `say%2:32:00::` (express in words). Usually, `say%2:32:01::` is for asserting a claim, in news articles, "The company said it will...", "Police say...". But wait, the definition of `say%2:32:01::` is "report or maintain", which is relevant. In this case, in the context, they "say" something in a report.

However, let's keep in mind "express in words" - "state, tell". As in "He said that he wanted to marry her." Also, "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" is sense 1. But that is clearly not it here.

Thinking about journalism ("Officials say...", "Researchers say..."), "say" can be sense 5 or 9. The important thing is whether it is an exact quote, or a paraphrase/attribution. Frequently, the WSJ uses sense 5 for the basic "say" in quotes or paraphrases, meaning "express in words".

But now, I need to look at SemCor more closely. In SemCor, `say%2:32:00::` is by far the most frequent, more than `say%2:32:01::`. Wait, "report or maintain" which is under `say%2:32:01::` implies a degree of assertion without necessarily being a direct quote.

Let's look at another WSJ example: "A company spokesman said..." That's sense 5.

Ok, now, `say%2:32:01::` also has the meaning "report or maintain", and synonym "allege, aver". So is "report" here used as in "give a report" or "make an assertion"? It's often related to making a claim.

Now, let's look at sense 5: "express in words" (state, tell). "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you."

I would say that, in the WSJ corpus, almost all attribution is sense 5 (`say%2:32:00::`). So, I need to be careful, as a matter of habit! Sense 5 is `say%2:32:00::`.

Is there a reason to consider sense 1: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare"? As in "I say let's forget this whole business." No. This is a scientific finding.

So, I'm sticking with sense 5.  Let's make sure: Is there a "say" meaning "state in a report"? "In a report... say that..." This is an example of "express in words" or "report or maintain."  I'm betting on sense 5 because its overwhelming frequency as the standard attribution verb in SemCor/WSJ.

But wait! What about "say%2:32:01::" which is "allege, aver, say"? Actually, the most generic "say that [clause]" is sense 5. "state, tell" as in "He said that he wanted to marry her."

I choose sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
2. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
3. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
5. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "About"**

Okay, the target is the word "about," and the surface form is, unsurprisingly, also "about." The surrounding text is key here: "… John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." Right, so "about" precedes "half." That immediately suggests a quantitative imprecision, a degree of approximation.

Let's see... Candidate 2, the second definition listed, is: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct." Bingo! The synonyms provided, "approximately," "close to," and "roughly," are spot-on. This is a clear case of "about" signifying an approximation. No ambiguity here; the context strongly supports this interpretation. Moving on!


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
2. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
3. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Cells" in Cancer Research**

Okay, so the user is asking me to determine the correct sense of "cells" in this text snippet. The target lemma is "cell," but the specific form used is "cells." The context screams cancer research: we're dealing with genes (specifically p53), chromosomes, and the general realm of biology, including tumors. I immediately start to think about the most relevant biological definition. Scanning through the candidate senses, sense 3 – "the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms..." – feels like the obvious fit. The sentence "half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene" points directly to individual biological units within a specific tissue. Therefore, I'm confident that sense index 3 is the correct interpretation. I will proceed with this sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
2. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
3. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
4. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
5. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
6. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
7. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
8. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
11. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
12. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
13. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
14. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
15. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
16. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
17. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
18. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
19. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
20. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
21. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
22. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
23. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
24. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
25. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
26. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
27. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
28. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
29. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
30. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
31. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
32. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
33. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
34. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
35. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
36. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
37. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
38. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
39. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
40. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
41. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
42. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 31}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 31}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Taken" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "taken," and the context is about cells "taken from" lung cancer tissue. My initial thought is that it implies some kind of physical removal or extraction. Let's see... looking at the senses of "take," I quickly review them: pick, possess, physically get, remove, etc. I'm going to eliminate some off the bat, like "select" or "possess," those don't seem right. The examples listed under "sense 6: get into one's hands, take physically" don't fit, nor does "receive willingly."

"Sense 31: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off" looks promising, especially with the synonyms "remove, take away, withdraw." Thinking about it, removing cells *from* tissue is exactly that - like "take the wrapper off". Could it be "extract?" Yes!

I considered "get into one's hands," "take into one's possession," but those seem less precise. The "derive" sense isn't the right one, because the context isn't about derivation. Sense 31 feels right, matching those examples. "remove a threat" or "remove a wrapper." I'm confident that this is it.

I go through all senses again just to be certain. I re-read the sense definition and examples again and I confirm that Sense 31, "remove something concrete," is the best fit. I'm satisfied. "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" clearly means cells that have been removed or extracted from the tissue. So, Sense 31 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper
2. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Tissue" in Context**

Okay, so I see the phrase "lung cancer tissue" and my mind immediately jumps to the biological definition.  The word "tissue" in this context is clearly referring to an aggregate of cells within an organism, all sharing a similar structure and function, which aligns perfectly with Sense 2 of the word.  There's no way it's Sense 1, the thin paper you'd use for wrapping or cleaning up spills. Given the medical context of lung cancer, the cellular structure and functionality of the affected area are the primary focus. The distinction is pretty straightforward.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: test
Target surface form: tested
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=test%2:32:00:: | definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz | examples=The teacher tests us every week; We got quizzed on French irregular verbs
2. sense_key=test%2:41:01:: | definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen | examples=screen the blood for the HIV virus
3. sense_key=test%2:41:00:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
4. sense_key=test%2:42:00:: | definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
5. sense_key=test%2:31:06:: | definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well
6. sense_key=test%2:32:08:: | definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
7. sense_key=test%2:33:00:: | definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "Tested" in a Scientific Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at the word "tested" in this context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." My initial thought is to figure out the right sense of "test" here. It's not a general knowledge quiz (sense 1), nor a screen for disease (sense 2), since we know it's lung cancer. Sense 3, putting something to the test for quality, or experimental use doesn't feel right either.

It's tempting to think it's sense 6 "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)", but I have to really think about it. Are they testing for the presence of a disease, or determining properties of a substance? They're looking for the *presence* of a gene.  Sense 2, "test or examine for the presence of disease or infection" is close, but they aren't looking for the cancer itself, but a gene associated with it.

Let's look more closely at sense 6. "Determine the presence or properties of (a substance)." They tested the cells, which are part of the tissue, and trying to determine if they contain the gene. That could be.

Looking at WordNet confirms that sense 6 exists and it's: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)". That is what is going on here. They're determining whether the cells *have* the gene or not.

I checked for other senses, especially sense 3, "put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to". I thought of the case where one tests a chemical compound. But here, they are not testing the *quality* of the cells. They are determining the properties of the tissue. They are looking for the presence of a particular gene.

Then I checked the sense key: test%2:32:08::, which has the definition "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)". It has no example. I'm satisfied that this is the best sense here.

Is "tissue" a substance? In a biological context, yes, it absolutely is.  This aligns perfectly with sense 6. They are testing the tissue/cells to determine its properties: in this case, the presence or absence of the gene. So yes, my conclusion is that sense 6 is the correct sense:  "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)" is the most accurate sense of "tested" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: miss
Target surface form: missing
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=miss%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or suffer from the lack of | examples=He misses his mother
2. sense_key=miss%2:31:00:: | definition=leave undone or leave out | synonyms=neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook | examples=How could I miss that typo?; The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten
3. sense_key=miss%2:42:02:: | definition=be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week
4. sense_key=miss%2:38:00:: | definition=fail to reach or get to | examples=She missed her train
5. sense_key=miss%2:32:00:: | definition=fail to experience | synonyms=escape | examples=Fortunately, I missed the hurricane
6. sense_key=miss%2:42:01:: | definition=fail to attend an event or activity | examples=I missed the concert; He missed school for a week
7. sense_key=miss%2:42:00:: | definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!
8. sense_key=miss%2:39:00:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=lose | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
9. sense_key=miss%2:35:00:: | definition=fail to reach | examples=The arrow missed the target

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Missing" in a Biological Context**

Okay, so the target is the word "missing" as it applies to cells lacking a gene. The sentence is: "...say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." My first thought is that the cells *don't have* the gene, or *lack* it.

Let's dissect the senses: It's definitely *not* about feeling the lack of something (miss%2:37:00), leaving something undone (miss%2:31:00), or failing to reach/experience/attend (miss%2:38:00, miss%2:32:00, miss%2:42:01, miss%2:39:00, miss%2:35:00). Then there is sense 3, "be absent" (miss%2:42:02), which seemed promising at first, with a phrase like "missing gene," but here the cells *are missing* the gene, which makes the "be absent" sense awkward. I need a transitive verb.

Now we're down to sense 7 (miss%2:42:00::) which is "be without" or "lack". The examples are helpful: "This soup lacks salt" and "There is something missing in my jewelry box!" The sentence "the cells are missing this gene" aligns perfectly with "the cells lack this gene." This is the best fit. Ah, then that is it! Perfect match. "Missing" here is a transitive verb in the progressive (or an active participle) where the cells *lack* the gene.

So sense 7, "be without/lack," is the correct choice. It fits the context exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reports
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
2. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
3. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
5. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
6. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report
7. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Reports"**

Okay, the target is "reports." The surface form is "reports," and the context is: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." Right, I need to pinpoint the intended meaning. Let's see... the candidate senses are:

*   Reporting verbally
*   A news report
*   A written document
*   An essay
*   An explosive sound
*   Reputation
*   Report Card

Hmm, the key here is the word "unpublished." That instantly eliminates many of those options. "Unpublished" clearly suggests something that *will* be published, something akin to a manuscript, or a study. Specifically, "reports from several labs... of missing p53 genes" describes findings from laboratories, or groups. So, sense 3, "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group," sounds like the perfect fit. Synonyms for that one are, study, or written report.

Let's do a quick cross-check to make sure. Okay, I'll see what the text says. Yes, the example reads, "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale", which the sentence preceding says, "...In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues..." which is a published paper (sense 3). Going back to the phrase at hand, the meaning is definitely that "reports from several labs, as yet unpublished..." are unpublished written documents or studies. Therefore, sense 3 is the correct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Yet" in Context**

Okay, so the target is the word "yet," and the surface form is, well, "yet." The surrounding text is: "...There also are reports from several labs, *as yet* unpublished, of missing p53 genes..." Right off the bat, "as yet" suggests "up to now" or "so far," and the context is definitely pointing towards a negative or limiting situation, given the "unpublished" part. This is important to determine since there are several definitions.

Let's look at the senses. Okay, here we have:

*   Sense 1: after a superlative. No, that's not it.
*   Sense 2: despite anything to the contrary. Nope, doesn't fit the context.
*   Sense 3: is perfect! It describes a situation existing up to the present time, often in a negative context, and the synonyms are exactly what I'm looking for: "so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, *as yet*." Bingo!
*   Sense 4: greater degree. No.
*   Sense 5: up to the present time (more general but could be an option).
*   Sense 6: indefinite time. Definitely not.

The phrase "as yet unpublished" means "not published yet" or "up to now unpublished." The implied negativity of the "un-" prefix fits perfectly with the sense.

Therefore, Sense 3 is the clear winner; it's the only one that truly applies and includes the exact phrase "as yet" as a synonym.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper
2. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Tissue"**

Okay, so the target is "tissue" – same surface form, easy enough. The context provides crucial clues: "...tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." Right away, the mention of cancers in these specific organs flags it as biological tissue, no question. I have two potential senses to consider. The first, tissue%1:27:02, refers to that flimsy, translucent paper. Definitely not it, given the biological context. The second sense, tissue%1:08:00, describes an aggregate of cells with a similar structure and function – that's the one. It's the only sense that makes logical sense here. Case closed. The correct interpretation is clearly the biological sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
2. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
3. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
6. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
7. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
8. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
9. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
10. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
11. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
12. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
13. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
14. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
15. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
16. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
17. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
18. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
19. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
20. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
21. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
22. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
23. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
24. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
25. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
26. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
27. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
28. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
29. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
30. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
31. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
32. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
33. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
34. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
35. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
36. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
37. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
38. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
39. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
40. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
41. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
42. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Taken" Context**

Okay, so the target is "take," and the surface form is "taken" in this sentence: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers." Right off the bat, "taken" here suggests removal or extraction.

Let's dive into the candidate senses. I see options like "develop a habit," but that's clearly not it. Then there's "remove something concrete... or abstract," which, interestingly, includes synonyms like "remove," "take away," and "withdraw." Bingo? I also see "get into one's hands, take physically," and "take into one's possession." Wait, could it be the same as taking samples from somewhere?

"Taken from"... that definitely sounds like "removed from." So, definition 9, "remove something concrete..." looks promising. Let me quickly check the other options, just to be sure. "Get into one's hands, take physically" and "take into one's possession" don't fit. Now, let me find the definition online in WordNet. Yes, in Synset, I find "remove, take, take away, withdraw."

"Tissue taken from kidney" is equivalent to "tissue removed from kidney." Yep, sense_key=take%2:30:00:: is a perfect fit. Specifically, definition 9, which is about *removal* looks ideal, especially since it aligns with "take away" and "withdraw." I want to rule out the other senses quickly. "Take a cookie" or "take an orphan" just doesn't apply here.

Okay, I'm confident. "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" and "tissue taken from kidney" fit the pattern of *removal* or *extracting*. "Take the gun from your pocket" is a clear example of removing something. Therefore, "taken from" is extracting or removing something from another object.

The correct sense is, without a doubt, sense_index: 9.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
5. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Brain" Lemma in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "brain", and the surface form is, unsurprisingly, also "brain." The context is: "...missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." Right off the bat, "brain cancer" screams that we're dealing with cancer *of* the brain. So, it's pretty clear we're talking about the anatomical organ here.

Let's look at the candidate senses. We've got:

1.  brain%1:08:00:: the central nervous system part.
2.  brain%1:13:00:: the brain of animals as meat
3.  brain%1:09:01:: as thoughts and feelings
4.  brain%1:09:00:: mental ability
5.  brain%1:18:00:: someone with high intellectual ability.

Given the context of "brain cancer", sense 1, the anatomical organ – brain%1:08:00:: – is the clear winner. There's no possible ambiguity. It's the only sense that makes logical sense in this situation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: at_the_same_time
Target surface form: At the same time
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: | definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time
2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03:: | definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Connotations of "At the Same Time"**

Okay, the target is "At the same time," and I need to understand its nuance within this context. The sentence is about unpublished reports of missing p53 genes in certain cancers. My immediate interpretation leans toward "concurrently," not "simultaneously." The second part of the sentence describes the Johns Hopkins team working on other tumor suppressor genes. This is a clear indicator that the meaning is happening during the same timeframe. It's not a matter of those events occurring at precisely the same instant, but rather, while one thing is happening, another is too.

To solidify my understanding, I need to verify that interpretation. So, let me re-evaluate the candidate senses. "Overlapping in duration; concurrently" versus "At the same instant; simultaneously." This fits. "At the same time" is used to introduce an action that is happening during the same timeframe. Sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something
2. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Team" in Context**

Okay, the lemma I'm working with here is "team." The context is clear: "...the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes." My immediate thought is, this isn't about horses. Let's see... the candidate senses give us a couple of options: one for draft animals, and the other for a cooperative unit, especially in sports, with synonyms like "squad."

Right away, that second sense, the cooperative unit, is hitting the mark. The Johns Hopkins "team" is a group of scientists – a group working together towards a common goal. The definition of the second sense even states that it's especially used in sports, which makes the meaning more general and applicable to more general cooperative units, like the scientists I'm reading about. Sense one doesn't fit at all – it's all about draft animals, and that's not remotely relevant here. Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate. I'm selecting it.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rush
Target surface form: rushing
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rush%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions
2. sense_key=rush%2:30:00:: | definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
3. sense_key=rush%2:38:01:: | definition=run with the ball, in football
4. sense_key=rush%2:30:01:: | definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
5. sense_key=rush%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
6. sense_key=rush%2:33:00:: | definition=attack suddenly
7. sense_key=rush%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Rushing" in Context**

Okay, so the word I'm working with is "rushing," derived from the lemma "rush." My immediate task is to nail down the precise meaning within this specific sentence: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."

My initial thought is that it conveys a sense of speed, urgency, or perhaps intense effort. Now, I'm already mentally sifting through possible senses of "rush." I've got a few candidates: inducing something quickly, acting at high speed, physical movement at high speed, urging someone to speed up, a sudden attack, or causing something to move fast.

The context is crucial here. They're "rushing *to pinpoint*," which implies an action, an effort, not just raw physical movement. Between sense 2 ("act or move at high speed") and sense 5 ("move fast"), the former seems like the better fit. Sense 2 focuses on *acting* quickly – doing something with urgency. Sense 5 deals with the physical movement of a thing, for example, rushing down the hall. In this case, I'm thinking about the Johns Hopkins team's actions more than their physical trajectory.

So, "rushing to pinpoint" translates to "acting with urgency to pinpoint." I need to verify this, of course. Thinking through it, "rush to do something" implies they are acting at high speed to pinpoint these genes. Now I'll compare the synonyms. For sense 2, that's "hasten" and "hurry." Sense 5 has, "hotfoot," "hasten," "hie," "speed," "race," and "pelt along." Sense 2, "act or move at high speed," is the definition I'm looking for. It fits. "We have to rush! Hurry – it's late!" This is the sense that the Johns Hopkins team and the others are "hurrying to pinpoint" other tumor suppressor genes. Yes, that's it; sense 2 is the clear winner here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
2. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
3. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
4. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Other"**

Okay, so the task is to decipher "other" in this sentence: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes." My immediate thought is, "Ah, this isn't a complex one, but let's be precise." It's not a question of novelty or strangeness (sense 1), nor does it relate to the past (senses 2 and 3). My focus is on identifying what "other" is referring to in relation to the previously mentioned item.

It's clear that "other" signifies genes *beyond* those already discussed, which, from context, I infer to be the p53 gene. Therefore, the most relevant definition is sense 4: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." This is the core meaning here – implying that the Johns Hopkins team is searching for additional tumor-suppressor genes distinct from p53. It's a straightforward case of differentiating between sets of genes, so the context demands the correct usage of the word.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hope
Target surface form: hopes
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Lemma "Hope" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "hopes," the inflected form of "hope." My focus is to determine the correct sense in the given context: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer." I've got three candidate senses to evaluate.

The first, `hope%2:37:00::`, is about general optimism, being "full of hope". The second, `hope%2:37:01::`, involves expecting and wishing, usually with a following clause. The third, `hope%2:31:00::`, centers on intending something with a chance of success, like "go for."

My initial thought is that the context leans toward that third sense. The phrase "hopes to isolate" is highly suggestive, mirroring the structure "hope to [verb]". It feels parallel to something like "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening," indicating an intention.

Now, let's verify. Sense 1 is too general for this situation. Sense 2 feels off because it usually requires a following clause, like "I hope she understands..." or "I hope that...". However, "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one..." doesn't have that structure. Sense 3, intending to accomplish something, aligns perfectly with "hope to isolate," implying an action the doctor intends to pursue.

Yes, the structure "hope to [verb]" is key. This strongly points to sense 3 as the correct interpretation: an intention with a chance of fulfillment. Therefore, I conclude sense 3 is the correct meaning here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
2. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Involved"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct sense of "involved" in this specific context: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer." The surface form and lemma are identical, which simplifies things a bit. Let's see, what are the potential senses? I have the following possibilities: emotionally involved, connected by participation/association/use, highly complex, entangled/hindered, and enveloped.

The phrase "involved in colon cancer" immediately suggests Sense 2: *connected by participation or association or use*. My initial instinct tells me that this is the best fit. It suggests the gene on chromosome 18 is linked to, or plays a role in, colon cancer.

To make sure, I want to confirm that interpretation. The examples listed for Sense 2 are: "we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved". This helps to really clarify the meaning of participation or association. Does it mean "playing a part in"? Yes, that is the crux of it.

Therefore, after this careful evaluation, I'm confident that Sense 2, being connected by participation or association, is the appropriate interpretation. I'll index accordingly.