[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported <t>finding</t> a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself
2. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
3. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
4. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
5. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
6. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
7. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
8. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
9. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
12. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 5
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 5
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Finding" of a Gene**

Okay, so I'm looking at the word "finding" in the context of "researchers reported finding a gene called p53." The goal is to pinpoint the most accurate sense of "find" here, especially as it relates to scientific discovery. Initially, my mind jumps to a few possibilities. Could it be a straightforward "discover," like finding something new, or something closer to "determine," implying a process of investigation and establishing a fact? There's also the sense of simply "observing" or "detecting" the gene's presence.

I'm leaning heavily towards "make a discovery, make a new finding" (Sense 5), specifically because the phrase "found a gene" echoes with examples like "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle," which feels like a direct parallel. The context centers on a novel gene being discovered. The other senses start to feel less applicable. Sense 7 ("establish after a calculation...") seems more about finding a value through investigation, which feels less appropriate for the discovery of a physical entity like a gene. Sense 8 ("discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of") is also tempting but less precise. The phrase "finding a gene called p53" fits best with the discovery of something previously unknown.

Going back to Sense 5, the synonym "discover" fits perfectly. The earlier text mentioning "initial discovery of the gene" and a specific researcher's "discovery" further strengthens this. So, "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" feels exactly right. The researchers in this case are doing the same: making a new discovery. The wording is crucial: "found a gene" suggests they discovered the gene, it's not simply an act of determining its existence through calculation.

Just a quick check of other senses: Sense 8 seems like it's close, it's about detecting the presence, and Sense 7 is to determine a value. I can see why a scientist may find this ambiguous.

I'm confident that Sense 5, "make a discovery, make a new finding," is the most accurate. The researchers *discovered* the gene. The gerund "finding" captures the act of that discovery.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene <t>called</t> p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
3. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
4. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
5. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
6. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
7. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
8. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
9. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
10. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
11. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
12. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
13. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning
14. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
15. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
16. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
17. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
18. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
19. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
20. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
21. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
24. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
25. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
26. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
27. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
28. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Called" in Context**

Okay, so the task at hand is to determine the meaning of "called" in the phrase "a gene called p53." The surface form is "called," and the target lemma is "call." Let's see... the surrounding context is crucial: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." My initial thought is that "called" here likely means "named." The gene is being *designated* with the name "p53".

Let's look at the candidate senses. Sense 1 ("assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to") seems like a strong contender. The examples are spot-on: "They named their son David," "The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader." This aligns with what I'm seeing; "p53" functions as a proper name, a designation.

Sense 12 ("ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality") sounds promising but it doesn't quite fit. The examples given are "He called me a bastard," "She called her children lazy and ungrateful." It doesn't seem to apply here. "p53" is a specific identifier, not a quality or common noun, right? The same is true for Sense 21.

Right, back to Sense 1, let's confirm. "A gene called p53." Yes, that makes sense. It's a gene assigned the name p53. Sense 1 is the closest fit.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impair
Target surface form: impaired
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impair%2:30:00:: | definition=make worse or less effective | examples=His vision was impaired
2. sense_key=impair%2:30:01:: | definition=make imperfect | synonyms=mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate | examples=nothing marred her beauty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Impaired" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct sense of "impaired" in this sentence: "...a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." The target lemma is "impair," and the surface form is "impaired." The provided candidate senses are: "make worse or less effective" and "make imperfect."

Given the context, the p53 gene is linked to cancer when "impaired." My initial reaction is to consider the synonyms for the second sense ("make imperfect"): mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate. However, that feels a little off in a biological context. "Impaired" here implies a *functional* degradation of the gene, a defect that renders it unable to perform its usual function. The text itself later says the gene is "damaged," which aligns with my understanding.

Let's look closer. Sense 1 mentions "make worse or less effective," using the example "His vision was impaired." That sounds pretty good. In this case, an "impaired" p53 gene is less able to do its job of tumor suppression. Does the "imperfect" sense fit? It does, in the sense that the gene is made less than perfect. But is that more descriptive than the "less effective" definition?

Thinking about biological and medical usage, specifically concerning a cancer-suppressor gene, the "make worse or less effective" sense (sense 1) resonates strongly. It's essentially made less effective in its tumor suppression role. Therefore, based on the context, synonym analysis, and general biological understanding, I'm confident in selecting Sense 1. The gene is rendered less effective in its primary function.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turns
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
2. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
3. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
4. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
5. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
6. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
11. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
12. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
13. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
14. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
15. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
16. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
17. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
18. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
19. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
20. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
21. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
22. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year
23. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
24. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
26. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Turn" Senses in Context**

Okay, so the target is "turn," the surface form is "turns," and the context is about a gene causing healthy cells to become cancerous. My initial thought is that "turns" here signifies a causative change – something is *causing* something else to transform.

I'm starting by checking the senses. First up is *turn%2:30:03::*, which is intransitive, describing gradual changes in condition like "The weather turned nasty." Then *turn%2:30:04::* which is intransitive, and *turn%2:42:00::*, also intransitive, like "The water turned into ice". Then comes *turn%2:42:13::* which is transitive and aligns with the causative change, defining it as "cause to change or turn into something different".

Given the phrase "turns healthy colon cells cancerous," I immediately see that *turn%2:42:13::* is the best fit. We have a direct object "healthy colon cells" being *caused* to change into an adjective "cancerous" state. This definitely seems like a transitive causative construction.

I should double-check to make sure I am not missing anything, but right now I don't see anything more relevant. There is *turn%2:30:00*, describing a reversal, and then *turn%2:42:13* which has come up before.

Let me look deeper at *turn%2:42:13::* now. The definition is spot on: "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics". It fits, as in "The princess turned the frog into a prince".

I'm thinking, "turn someone angry" or "turn hair grey" are other possible candidates. But then, *turn%2:30:03::* "pass into a condition gradually" does not sound right. Usually it's intransitive.

So, *turn%2:42:13::* "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics" is the correct transitive, causative sense, and the structure "turn [object] [adjective]" is definitely there. I have to make sure there isn't a better match, but right now I do not see it. It is transitive and causative.

Checking the context again: "turns healthy colon cells cancerous." Sense 20 is perfect: it is the transitive version of causing something to be in a different state. It corresponds to index 20. I think it is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
5. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

source: unavailable

error_kind: ServiceUnavailableError

error_message:
litellm.ServiceUnavailableError: GeminiException - {
  "error": {
    "code": 503,
    "message": "This model is currently experiencing high demand. Spikes in demand are usually temporary. Please try again later.",
    "status": "UNAVAILABLE"
  }
}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colon
Target surface form: colon
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Colon" in a Medical Context**

Okay, here's what I've got. The target word is "colon," and, well, the surface form *is* "colon." Straightforward enough there. The surrounding text, though, that's where the interesting stuff lies. It's all about cancer research – retinoblastoma discovery, the p53 gene, and how healthy colon cells can become cancerous, along with mentions of lung and breast cancer tissue. This clearly points towards the anatomical sense of "colon," specifically the large intestine, the part that's so crucial to extracting water from waste.

Let's quickly run through the senses: a port city, currencies of El Salvador and Costa Rica, the body part, and the punctuation mark. The currencies are out immediately, and the city doesn't make any sense here either. Obviously, the punctuation mark is also an instant dismissal. Sense number four, the part of the large intestine? That's the winner. "Colon cells cancerous" just screams anatomy.

So, after considering the evidence, it's clear the context is referring to the body part. Therefore, I will return `{"sense_index": 4}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
2. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
3. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
4. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell
7. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Cells" in Context**

Okay, let's break this down. The target word is "cells" within the sentence about p53 and cancerous colon cells. The surrounding context screams *biology* – we're talking about cancer, gene function (specifically p53), retina cell growth, and tissue samples from different cancer types. This clearly points towards a biological context.

Considering the candidate definitions, while other senses of "cells" might exist, the most appropriate definition has to be that of the fundamental biological unit. Therefore, the best sense index is 3, that being "the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms". This is the only definition that fits the bill given the subject matter surrounding the word "cells."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancerous
Target surface form: cancerous
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Cancerous"**

Okay, so the word I need to define is "cancerous", and the surface form is just "cancerous," straightforward enough. Let's see... the sentence is "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." Immediately, I'm thinking about the possible senses of "cancerous." I have two:

1.  "relating to or affected with cancer" – This feels right, given the biomedical context. We have colon cells, a gene, p53, and the mention of lung and breast cancers (I'm familiar with this gene).
2.  "like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads" – This is the metaphorical sense, and it's less likely here. While it's a valid definition, this specific sentence is clearly discussing a biological process.

Considering the surrounding words like "colon cells," "gene," and the specific mention of the gene p53, it's pretty clear to me that the correct sense index is 1. We are dealing with cells *affected* by or *relating* to cancer. This isn't about some metaphorical evil spreading. Therefore, the sense index is 1. Case closed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
2. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
3. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report
6. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
7. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Report" in Scientific Context**

Okay, so the target word is "report" in this sentence: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence..." and the context is scientific discovery. My initial thought is that the "report" must be referring to the researchers' published findings or paper.

I'm considering a few senses. Sense 1, the "act of informing by verbal report", seems less likely. Scientific findings are usually documented in writing, not just verbally. Sense 3, a "written document describing the findings", is the frontrunner and the example "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" seems like a very close parallel. Sense 7, a "short account of the news," is not likely to apply here.

But I'm double-checking. Is it the *act* of reporting, or the *written document*? The context strongly suggests a published study or paper. I'm leaning towards Sense 3. The phrase "Soon after that report" implies a tangible, shareable thing, not just a verbal announcement.

Let's look at Sense 3 again: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: study, written report). "Study" is a perfect fit here, like "Soon after that study..." which aligns completely with the way scientific papers work.

Sense 1 is just the general act of reporting, an "account". Sense 7 is a news report, a "write up". Neither is it.

Therefore, Sense 3, the written document, is definitely the most appropriate here. The "report" is the published research paper.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
2. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
3. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
4. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Other" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the specific meaning of "other" in this sentence: "...two other research teams uncovered evidence..." The target lemma is "other," the surface form is "other," and the context is clear. We're looking at a case of identifying which sense is being used.

My immediate instinct is that it's fairly straightforward. The text establishes a group of researchers who found something, and then the sentence introduces "two other research teams." This sounds like we're excluding the initial team. The most obvious sense that fits is "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."

Let's quickly run through the senses to be sure. Sense 1, "recently past," and Sense 2, "belonging to the distant past," are immediately out of the question. The context isn't about time. Sense 3, "very unusual; different in character or quality," could *technically* apply if we wanted to make the argument that these teams were remarkably different, but that would be a stretch. The text isn't implying any degree of difference; it's simply introducing additional groups.

So, sense 4, "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied," seems to be the one that fits perfectly. It's the most natural, direct reading of the sentence. The "other" teams are *in addition to* the first one.

Just to be absolutely certain, let me confirm. Yes, sense 4 is defined as "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." Therefore, the appropriate sense index is 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Teams"**

Okay, so the target word is "teams," which I'll treat as the lemma "team" for dictionary look-up purposes. The context is "two other research teams uncovered evidence..." Right away, it's pretty obvious we're dealing with a collaborative group, not a group of draft animals. Let's see what the senses are...

There's the "cooperative unit (especially in sports)" sense – let's call that sense 1, and the "two or more draft animals that work together to pull something" sense, which is sense 2. Okay, sense 1 has synonyms like "squad", which aligns with the idea of a group working towards a goal. Sense 2 describes animals, so that doesn't fit the context at all. It's a clear mismatch for "research teams."

Therefore, based on the context of "research teams" and the provided senses, it's straightforward that sense 1, the "cooperative unit," is the intended meaning. Simple deduction, really.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
2. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Evidentiary Context**

Okay, so we're talking about scientific research on cancer here. Two other teams found that the same damaged p53 gene is present in lung and breast cancer tissue. My initial thought is, this implies some empirical backing, some observable data that's leading to a conclusion. Let's see how the proposed definitions stack up.

Candidate 1, concerning legal evidence "at judicial trial", is a clear non-starter. This is research, not a courtroom. Moving on, Candidate 2, now we're talking. "Your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" – that feels relevant. The example, "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling", resonates perfectly. It's essentially saying "this is data that underpins what we accept as true".

Candidate 3, "an indication that makes something evident," while it shares *some* conceptual overlap, doesn't quite capture the nuances. "His trembling was evidence of his fear" is less about forming a specific belief and more about a general observation. Here, we're building a foundation of knowledge and belief.

Therefore, considering the context of scientific research revealing the presence of a gene in cancer tissue, I'm confident in concluding that Candidate 2, in its definition and example, is the best fit. It is the perfect definition for what is being uncovered in the study.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
2. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
3. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever
4. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Same"**

Okay, so the target word is "same" in the context of a genetic finding: "the same damaged p53 gene." My initial thought is to pinpoint the specific sense of "same" being used here. Clearly, it's not about being "closely similar," nor "equal in amount," nor simply "unchanged in character."

I'm zeroing in on the dictionary definitions, and I'm seeing a few options. The first sense I am examining is sense index 4: "same in identity." My focus is to decipher if the phrase refers to the exact identical gene previously identified. Considering the phrase "the same damaged p53 gene" within the sentence's broader context, my immediate inclination is that it has to be the exact same entity. We're talking about a specific gene, a concrete, singular element. Thinking about it in terms of a physical comparison helps. It's like saying "the same man I saw yesterday."

Now, to solidify my thinking, I ask myself a clarifying question, 'Is it the *same kind* of gene, or the *exact same* gene?' Since the p53 gene is a *specific* gene, an *identical* element, it is the same identity. It's not just a similar gene, it's the very one.

So, yes, it's definitively sense index 4, "same in identity," that fits best here. The "same" clearly refers to the identical p53 gene as reported earlier.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Damaged"**

Okay, so the lemma is "damaged" and, thankfully, the surface form is the same. No morphological gymnastics required. The context is "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers." Right away, I see the potential for ambiguity. We've got two senses to consider: "harmed or injured or spoiled" and "being unjustly brought into disrepute."

Given my expertise, and the focus on the p53 gene, it's pretty clear that we're talking about a biological impairment. The context mentions the gene being present in cancerous tissue, and that it's "impaired". So, "damaged p53 gene" strongly suggests that the gene itself has been *physically altered*, *broken*, or *spoiled* in a way that leads to unhealthy cellular behavior. Sense 1, the "harmed or injured" sense, is the only choice that makes any sense. Sense 2, referring to disrepute, is obviously a red herring here. This is a clear case of biological damage, not reputational damage. We select sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%3:00:01:: | definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
2. sense_key=present%3:00:02:: | definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Present" in Cancer Research**

Alright, let's break this down. The key word here is "present," and my job is to nail down its meaning within this particular context. We've got two candidate senses bouncing around in my head: the temporal sense – the "now" aspect, like a "present leader" – and the spatial sense, indicating existence *in* a specific place, like someone being "present at the wedding" or, more ominously, "the murderer is present in this room."

Now, let's anchor ourselves to the surrounding text: "...the same damaged p53 gene *is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.*"  Ah, there it is. The phrase "in tissue" is the critical clue. It's all about location, a biological dwelling. The p53 gene isn't simply a current phenomenon, it is *located*. This strongly suggests that sense 2, the sense of being or existing in a specified place, is the correct interpretation. The gene *exists* *within* the cancerous tissue.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Tissue"**

Okay, the target word is "tissue," and the surrounding context screams biology and cancer. We're talking about a damaged p53 gene being present in both lung and breast cancers. Immediately, the second sense, the paper kind, goes out the window. That's just not relevant here. This is clearly about biological tissue. We're dealing with cellular structure and function – specifically, the biological material affected by cancer in the lung and breast. Therefore, sense number one, "a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function," is the correct definition within this context. The connection between the presence of the damaged p53 gene and this biological tissue is the core of the matter. My analysis confirms this is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
3. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Most" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "most," and it's presented simply as "most" in the surface form – nothing tricky there. The surrounding sentence reads, "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease..." Right away, my mind starts sifting through the possible senses. I've got three options to consider:

1.  "most%4:02:00::" – The classic superlative. This is the one I immediately lean towards, given the context.
2.  "most%4:02:02::" – This is the "almost" or "slightly short of" meaning. Not likely here. The "almost" interpretation of "most common" would not really make sense.
3.  "most%4:02:01::" – Then there is the "very" sense. While technically possible, it doesn't quite fit the overall meaning.

Focusing on the phrase "the most common and lethal forms," the "most" is clearly modifying both "common" and "lethal". It is forming the superlative. It tells us that these cancer types are *the* most common and *the* most lethal, more so than any other type of cancer. This interpretation squarely aligns with sense key 1, "used to form the superlative." Therefore, that is the clear choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
6. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Common" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "common," and the sentence is talking about types of cancer being "the most common and lethal forms of the disease." My initial thought is to consider the various senses of "common," which I've got listed here: belonging to a community, everyday language, commonly encountered, low quality, associated with the masses, lacking distinction, lacking refinement, standard, or shared.

Right away, "commonly encountered" jumps out – sense 3. It seems right. The phrase "most common" would mean "most frequently encountered" in the context of disease. Wait, let me just quickly confirm against the other senses. Sense 6, which is "having no special distinction... average or ordinary" almost works too, but it seems to describe something *about* people or things, not necessarily the *frequency* with which they happen. I think the idea that colon, lung, and breast cancers are *ordinary* diseases makes less sense than the idea that they are very *frequent* diseases.

Let's double-check. The synonyms for "commonly encountered" are "usual" and "familiar." Those feel spot on. The example "a common complaint" is similar to the context, "common" forms of disease, and the example in sense 6, "the common man," or "a common sailor" are definitely about general qualities, and frequency makes more sense for these diseases.

So, yeah, I'm going with sense 3. "Common" here means "commonly encountered," as in, these are the *most frequently* seen forms of the disease.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
2. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
3. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
4. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation
5. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
6. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
7. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
8. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
9. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
10. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
11. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
12. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
13. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
14. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
15. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
16. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Nuances of "Forms"**

Okay, so I'm presented with the phrase "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease..." and the word "forms" is immediately flagged for semantic analysis. My mind jumps into action, sifting through the potential senses of the word. I quickly run through the possibilities, eliminating those that are clearly irrelevant given the context – the arrangement of elements in a composition, a printed document, a mold for concrete, spatial arrangement, the body of students... Those are out.

I then focus on the more biologically related senses: "a particular mode in which something is manifested", "spatial attributes," and "a group of organisms within a species..." but these all feel like a bit of a stretch in the context of describing disease.

That leaves me with the core sense of the word: a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality. Aha! This feels right. Considering the sentence, "forms" must refer to the different *types* or *kinds* of cancer, each sharing the common characteristic of being a cancer, but distinct in their location within the body. The synonyms—kind, sort, variety—all fit perfectly. The definition of "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" is spot-on. I'm confident that sense 7 (form%1:09:01::) is the correct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kill
Target surface form: killing
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: | definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
2. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: | definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: | definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: | definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
5. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: | definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
6. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
7. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods
8. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
9. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: | definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: | definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
11. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: | definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
12. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: | definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: | definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
15. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: | definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Killing" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "kill", specifically the form "killing" in this sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year." My task is to determine the correct sense of "kill" here.

The sentence is clearly about cancers *causing* death – that's the core concept. Let's look at the candidate senses.

Sense 6: *deprive of life* – examples include "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa". This sounds promising.

Sense 11: *cause the death of, without intention* – This is less likely, but I'll keep it in mind.

Sense 12: *cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly* – definitely not right; cancer isn't intentionally killing people in the way a person might.

Sense 9: *be fatal* – examples include "cigarettes kill". Hmmm, this is interesting because this is an intransitive use. But the sentence is stating cancer is the cause.

Between 6 and 9, 6 seems like the strongest. The sentence describes a cause, and sense 6, "deprive of life," perfectly captures the effect. The sentence uses the transitive, causative "killing," and sense 6 aligns with this kind of usage. Sense 9, "be fatal," is intransitive and doesn't fit quite as well. Cancer is the *agent* of "killing," similar to AIDS.

Let's double-check Sense 6 to be certain. "deprive of life" seems to be the best match. The phrase "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans" is directly analogous to the example "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa." Therefore, sense 6 is the winner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: Americans
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
2. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country
3. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Ambiguity of "Americans"**

Okay, so the core of this seems to hinge on the meaning of "Americans" in this phrase: "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year." My immediate thought is, what are the possible interpretations? Let's break it down methodically. The text mentions researchers across the U.S., Canada, and Britain, which expands the geographic scope a little. However, the mention of mortality statistics and specifically "Americans" for that matter, *strongly* implies a focus on the U.S. context.

The potential candidate interpretations are pretty clear: Is it about American English? No. Are we talking about someone from *any* North, Central, or South American country? That is unlikely, based on the context. That leaves the most likely candidate: is it a citizen or inhabitant of the United States?

Considering the context of mortality figures and specifically numbers in the ~200,000 range, it really locks into the US. These kinds of statistics are typically reported on a per-nation basis, making the inhabitants of the United States the most obvious subject of the phrase. Mortality data for these specific cancers aligning with US statistics from the early 90s, where "Americans" refers specifically to citizens of the U.S., makes the third option the correct interpretation. The inherent ambiguity is resolved by the combination of common usage and the specific demographic context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Year" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "year" within the phrase "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year." My mind immediately goes to the context – it's a rate. The phrase indicates "per year," which translates to a calendar year, a period of 365 days.

Now, let's consider the senses provided. Candidate 1, with the sense key `year%1:28:01::` defines "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days." That looks promising, a good initial fit, especially with the use case of it being "a unit of time" for the term "a year."

Candidate 2 (`year%1:28:02::`) refers to a "period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity," such as a school year. Not quite, that feels too specific.

Candidate 3 (`year%1:28:00::`) defines "the period of time that it takes for a planet... to make a complete revolution around the sun." That would be the astronomical definition of year, so again, that does not suit.

Candidate 4 (`year%1:14:00::`) is "a body of students who graduate together." Completely irrelevant.

Looking at the meaning of "killing almost 200,000 Americans a year," that would be a time period of 365 days.

Therefore, the only reasonable choice is sense 1. Confirmed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. <t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
2. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
3. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
4. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
5. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
6. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
7. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
8. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
9. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right
10. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Right" in "Right now"**

Okay, so the target is "right" in the phrase "Right now". The context is "Right now about a dozen laboratories...". My initial thought is that "right now" emphasizes the immediate or precise timing. I need to figure out which sense of "right" is being used here.

There are several candidate senses: "in accordance with moral or social standards," (Southern regional intensive) "very," an interjection, "precisely, exactly," "completely," and so on. In this instance, "right" is modifying "now," indicating the exactness of the time. "Right now" could mean "immediately" or "exactly now." Let's look at the example sentences to better understand the nuances of each sense. "Stand right here!" aligns with "precisely, exactly", while "she called right after dinner" points towards "immediately".

The crucial question is whether "Right now" in *this* specific context means "at this precise moment" or "immediately." Looking at how it's used, "Right now about a dozen laboratories...are racing..." feels more like "at this precise moment" than "immediately about a dozen laboratories are racing".

In SemCor, the phrase "right now" is often tagged as "right%4:02:04::" (precisely, exactly) or "right%4:02:08::" (immediately). Hmm, I need to focus. In WordNet, "immediately" is often associated with temporal "right," such as "right now" or "right after." Thinking further, "She called right after dinner" is a time-related scenario, and so is "Right now." But is the "right" of "Right now" used as "precisely, exactly" or "immediately"?

Let's test this. "Precisely now about a dozen..." works. "Immediately now about a dozen..." doesn't quite fit the meaning. So, it's leaning towards the "precisely, exactly" sense. Specifically, the WordNet definition for `right%4:02:04::` is "precisely, exactly." The example is "stand right here!". The definition for `right%4:02:08::` is "immediately", such as in "she called right after dinner."

Is "right now" "precisely/exactly" or "immediately"? If you said "I need it right now," that's "immediately," but "Right now, laboratories are racing" emphasizes the current time. "Right now" means the labs are racing "at this exact moment." It doesn't mean "without delay, labs are racing." Therefore, sense 4 ("precisely, exactly") seems correct.

I need to confirm by looking at SemCor more closely. "Right now" is typically tagged as right%4:02:04::. The example "Right now, I am..." is also tagged this way. I'm confident now. Sense 4, "precisely, exactly," is the best choice here.