[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international <t>climate</t> negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Climate" in International Negotiations**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the meaning of "climate" within the phrase "international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission." Immediately, the keywords jump out: greenhouse gases, global warming, big emitters, and vulnerable countries. The connection is clear; this isn't about some vague "climate of opinion," it's about the physical environment.

My initial instinct is to go with the obvious, the more scientific definition. "Climate" here can only refer to the environmental sense, defined as the weather patterns averaged over a long period. We're dealing with the *physical* climate, not some abstract psychological state.

Now, the specific context, "climate change" and the use of the term in "climate negotiations" reinforces this. The negotiations are *about* global climate change, and so the only logical choice is sense 2.

In summary: I'm choosing "the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time" (sense 2). It's the only one that makes sense within this specific context.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiations
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Negotiations" in Context**

Okay, the target is "negotiations," and the context is Artur Runge-Metzger heading "international climate negotiations." My first thought is to consider the possible senses: is it about the *process* or the *specific discussions*? It's pretty clear that in this case, "climate negotiations" refers to the specific, actual *talks* aimed at an agreement regarding climate change, like the ones in Copenhagen. The text itself uses "talks" in reference to the same event, which is a great clue.

Let's see… "heads international climate negotiations" – that phrase implies he's leading the *discussions*. So, Sense 1, "a discussion intended to produce an agreement," with synonyms like "dialogue" and "talks", fits perfectly. The example given, "the buyout negotiation lasted several days," supports this interpretation. Sense 2, "the activity or business of negotiating," is the *broader concept* of negotiating.

To be absolutely sure, I'll solidify the distinction again. Sense 1 is about the discussions themselves. Sense 2 describes the *overall activity*. And here, Runge-Metzger is leading those discussions, which are referred to as "talks" later in the text. I think the countable plural form "negotiations" aligns well with that. Since the text explicitly uses "talks" synonymously, it's a strong indicator.

Therefore, I'm confident in selecting Sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: behalf
Target surface form: behalf
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=behalf%1:04:00:: | definition=as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as  rather than ) | examples=on behalf of; in behalf of
2. sense_key=behalf%1:07:00:: | definition=for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a possessive) | examples=in your behalf; campaigning in his own behalf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Behalf" in Climate Negotiations**

Okay, so I'm looking at this statement: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations *on behalf of* the European Commission..." My immediate focus is on the word "behalf," specifically its role in the phrase "on behalf of." Let's break down the potential senses here.

There seem to be two primary senses at play. The first, and more common, meaning is to act *as the agent of* or *on someone's part*. We often use the phrasing "on behalf of" for this. The other, less frequent, is related to acting *for someone's benefit*, usually expressed as "in behalf of," and often with a possessive.

Given the context, "on behalf of the European Commission" clearly indicates that Runge-Metzger is *representing* the EC. He's their emissary, their negotiator. He's acting *as their agent*. This directly aligns with the first sense: "as the agent of or on someone's part." It's a perfect fit.

Beyond the meaning itself, the structure of the phrase is key. We have "on behalf of," which is the preferred form when referring to *agency*, as opposed to "in behalf of." That really seals the deal. Sense 1 is the clear and concise interpretation here. It's a textbook application of the concept.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
2. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure
3. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
4. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
5. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
6. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
7. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Pressure" in International Climate Negotiations**

Okay, so the phrase is "put political pressure on the entire political process." My job is to nail down the precise meaning of "pressure" here, especially given that it's in the realm of international climate negotiations where small island nations are the drivers and emerging economies are the targets. Right off the bat, I need to consider several senses. There's the obvious "demanding notice" sense, the physical and somatic senses, even the straightforward "act of pressing." But also, the one that really jumps out is "a force that compels."

Now, let's play this out. Thinking about "a force that compels" – like when the public pressures a government, that's spot on. It fits with exerting pressure on a *process*, on the whole mechanism. My first thought is that this is the best fit. I need to verify that though, just to be thorough.

So, let's compare it directly. Sense 7, "a force that compels," means to exert a compelling influence. Perfect fit. Sense 1, "demanding notice," is, I suppose, *related*, but it’s less about actual influence and more about insisting on something. "Put political pressure on" doesn't necessarily mean just to 'demand' action, it means to try to get something to change. The fifth sense, "an oppressive condition of distress," that doesn't feel right. While the negotiations are certainly stressful, the phrase isn't about the feeling of being in a tough situation.

Yes, sense 7 it is. "Put political pressure on" is about exerting a compelling force, influence, coercion, persuasion, to achieve some goal or another. So the sense index is definitely 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: process
Target surface form: process
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=process%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
2. sense_key=process%1:09:01:: | definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
3. sense_key=process%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
4. sense_key=process%1:03:00:: | definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls
5. sense_key=process%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
6. sense_key=process%1:10:00:: | definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Process" in the Context of Political Pressure**

Okay, the target word is "process," and it's being used in the phrase "put political pressure on the entire political process." I need to find the most accurate meaning here. Let's see... I've got a few candidates. The first is a kind of appendage, a natural prolongation. No, that's not right. The second is an unconscious mental process; also not what we're aiming for. Third is a "particular course of action intended to achieve a result" – that's a *procedure*. Fourth, "a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states" – that sounds like a physical process. The fifth option relates to cognitive processes, and the sixth to a legal writ (a summons).

Alright, I immediately feel like the third one is the most likely, it's that *procedure* sense. "Political process" is clearly about the course of action, the procedures, the negotiations, and events happening in the political sphere to achieve a result. In this case, probably a climate treaty. Now wait... let me just quickly glance at that fourth one again – "sustained phenomenon or gradual changes..." No, not a physical process here. "Procedure" seems best.

Okay, let's circle back to that third sense. "A particular course of action intended to achieve a result." Synonyms would be... procedure. That fits perfectly! The "entire political process" is indeed a course of action. I could check if there are other senses, but I only have six options. Sense three fits, it's the right choice. Is this a slam dunk, a complete sense match?

So, I think sense 3 is the best match. I'm going to choose sense\_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: action
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
4. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
5. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
6. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
7. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
8. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible
9. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
10. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Action" in the Context of International Climate Politics**

Okay, the target word is "action," and the surrounding text mentions small island nations putting political pressure on emerging economies like China and India, demanding "action" from them. My mind immediately goes through the potential senses. I've got a list here: mechanical parts, states of being, plot events, activity traits, something done, military engagements, governmental acts, important work, judicial proceedings, and natural processes.

The key phrase is "demanding action from emerging economies." This implies a call for *governmental* acts to address greenhouse gas emissions. Sense 7, "an act by a government body or supranational organization," is the prime candidate. It's a perfect fit! The examples given – "recent federal action undermined..." and "the United Nations must have the power to...organize action..." – further solidify this interpretation.

Wait, let me just quickly confirm. Emerging economies are, in fact, nation-states. So, the small island nations are demanding action from these governments. Sense 7 aligns perfectly with the international political dynamic. I'm going to quickly re-evaluate sense 5 ("something done"). In the context, what they want are political actions. Sense 7 is the best because of it's specificity to what's going on here. It states an "act by a government body..." and these are governmental bodies.

Therefore, the most likely intended meaning of "action" here is definitely Sense 7. It's the most precise and contextually appropriate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as <t>China</t> and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "China"**

Alright, let's break this down. The target is "china," but the surface form is "China," so we need to be mindful of capitalization. The surrounding text immediately points toward a discussion of international climate negotiations, which instantly narrows the scope. We're talking about emerging economies, and specifically, China and India, alongside phrases like "saving the planet," "United States," and "Copenhagen." This context is very clear.

Now, we consider the possible senses. There's the obvious Sense 1: the People's Republic of China, the country itself. Then, we have Sense 2: high-quality porcelain. Sense 3 refers to Taiwan, the Republic of China, and Sense 4 refers to dishware in general.

Given the environmental focus and the mention of emerging economies, I can definitively eliminate the porcelain (Sense 2) and dishware (Sense 4) senses. Taiwan (Sense 3) is a geopolitical complexity, but given the language regarding "emerging economies," the intended meaning is almost certainly Sense 1. This context points directly to the nation, the communist nation that spans a huge territory in eastern Asia, the most populous country in the world. The discussion is related to China's role in the global climate crisis. Case closed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: urgency
Target surface form: urgency
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=urgency%1:26:01:: | definition=an urgent situation calling for prompt action | examples=I'll be there, barring any urgencies; they departed hurriedly because of some great urgency in their affairs
2. sense_key=urgency%1:07:00:: | definition=pressing importance requiring speedy action | examples=the urgency of his need
3. sense_key=urgency%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
4. sense_key=urgency%1:10:00:: | definition=insistent solicitation and entreaty | synonyms=importunity, urging | examples=his importunity left me no alternative but to agree

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Nuance of "Urgency"**

Alright, let's break this down. The text says the talks "took on new urgency" because they need to be wrapped up before the heads of government arrive. My initial thought is to consider what "urgency" *actually* means in this context. It's not a straightforward term. I need to make sure I'm precise.

My first instinct is to think of the different definitions, so I'm pulling them up: *urgency* as a situation that *calls for* action, as *pressing importance* that necessitates speedy action, and then the *state* of being urgent. The phrase "took on new urgency" makes me think of the state of *being* urgent, but it could also be about it being an attribute, like "importance." It's an attribute and a state.

Thinking about the phrase "took on new," I know that "take on" can often imply that something is becoming an attribute. Like "took on importance," it has that "becoming" quality to it.

I'm checking with WordNet. Typically, attributes *can* be "taken on." "Take on importance" makes sense; importance is an attribute. So "take on urgency" implies it's an attribute.

I'm leaning towards *pressing importance requiring speedy action* as the most appropriate definition. That seems to fit best with the context: the talks have *become* more important in that they *need* to be resolved quickly.

Let's quickly confirm. Sense 2 fits: urgency as *pressing importance*. Sense 3 is the *state* of being urgent. I need to ask myself, is this *state* or an *attribute*? It's the *attribute* I'm looking for.
It is pressing importance. Yes.

So, yeah, "took on new urgency" is about the talks acquiring a heightened *pressing importance*.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
2. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 4
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 4
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "fact" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "fact," and the surface form is, well, "fact". The context sentence is: "The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."

My initial thought is to identify which sense of "fact" is being used here. I'm given four candidate senses. Let's see... "the fact that..." seems to point towards a piece of information, a known circumstance. Is it really the event itself, or the state of affairs the event refers to?

Let me review the candidate senses:
1.  *fact%1:26:01::* an event known to have happened or something known to have existed
2.  *fact%1:09:02::* a concept whose truth can be proved
3.  *fact%1:10:01::* a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened
4.  *fact%1:09:01::* a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.

"The fact that..." is a piece of information, not necessarily the event itself. I need to clarify that. Looking at the example provided for sense 4, "first you must collect all the facts of the case", that aligns with my understanding.

I'm now thinking about how "the fact that" works. I'm going to consult WordNet quickly. WordNet often classifies "the fact that" as sense 1, an event known to have happened, but I'm not convinced. Let's compare sense 4 again: a piece of information about circumstances that exist.

Rethinking: "focused on the fact that they must resolve..." It's not the *event* of resolution itself, but rather the *information* about the need for resolution, the *circumstance* that necessitates resolution. Sense 4 seems best.

Let me analyze some similar contexts. A different dictionary might say this: fact%1:09:01:: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred. "First you must collect all the facts of the case."

Now, let's explore this further. Looking at the four senses again:
1.  *fact%1:26:01::* (event known to have happened)
2.  *fact%1:09:02::* (concept whose truth can be proved)
3.  *fact%1:10:01::* (statement or assertion)
4.  *fact%1:09:01::* (piece of information about circumstances)

Which one fits "the fact that they must resolve..."? Definitely sense 4. Let me double-check with the WordNet hierarchy. *fact%1:09:01::* is a hyponym of `information%1:09:00::`. *fact%1:26:01::* is a hyponym of `actuality%1:26:00::`. "focused on the fact that" - the "fact" here refers to the *information*, the *circumstance* itself. Consider "the fact of the matter."

Therefore, I select fact%1:09:01:: (sense 4). The proposition "that they must resolve..." is a piece of information about the situation. Sense index 4 is the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
2. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
4. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
5. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
7. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
8. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication
11. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Landscape of "Issues" in Climate Negotiations**

Okay, so the target is "issue", surface form "issues," and we're smack in the middle of climate negotiations at the Bella Center in Copenhagen. The sentence hinges on the need to "resolve most of the outstanding issues" before the bigwigs show up. My brain immediately starts running through the candidate senses, filtering them against the context.

*   **Issuing/Issuance:** Nope, doesn't fit the flow of negotiations.
*   **Returns/Takings:** Definitely not.
*   **Consequence/Effect/Outcome:** While climate *change* has those, it doesn't align with resolving *issues*.
*   **Government Supplies:** No connection to political debate.
*   **Offspring/Progeny:** Ridiculous.
*   **Topic/Subject/Matter:** Possible, but it feels too broad given the implied conflict.
*   **Publication Number:** Irrelevant.
*   **Exit/Outlet/Emergence/Publication:** These all miss the core idea of negotiation and settlement.

That leaves me with a couple of strong contenders: a "topic, subject, matter" (sense 6) and "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" (sense 11). "Outstanding issues" screams dispute, not just a list of talking points. "Fighting over who should bear the costs," and the need to "resolve" them before heads of government arrive strongly points to sense 11. It's about problems or matters that need resolution. Sense 6 doesn't seem strong enough here to capture the nuances of the situation.

Therefore, I think the analysis leads me to believe that sense 11 is the right fit. It perfectly captures the tension and the need for a settlement to move forward.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions
4. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
5. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Deal" in a High-Stakes Negotiation**

Okay, so the task at hand is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "deal" in that critical phrase: "resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal." Clearly, the context screams of negotiation, of reaching a final agreement or a treaty. We're talking about something substantial, something political, certainly not a casual transaction.

Let's look at Candidate 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" - the lightbulb goes off! This nails it. The phrase "strike a deal" directly suggests parties hammering out an agreement, laying down commitments. Candidate 2's synonyms like "bargain" support this perfectly.

Candidate 9, "the type of treatment received," doesn't fit at all. This refers to fairness in a transaction. We are not negotiating fairness, we are negotiating an agreement.

Candidate 4, "a particular instance of buying or selling," falls short. While "deal" can refer to a business transaction (a "business deal"), that's a very different meaning here. It's too specific and commercial.

Candidate 2 is the most logically and contextually appropriate answer. This is an unambiguous fit for a political agreement, which is where we were heading anyway.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level <t>officials</t> such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling
2. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Officials"**

Okay, so the target word is "official," and it's appearing as "officials" in this sentence: "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes..." My job is to determine the correct sense of "officials" within this specific context. I'm considering two main senses: someone who administers a game, and a worker in a position of authority.

Given the surrounding text, the mention of an "environment minister" and a "vice minister" are a clear indicator. These are not figures associated with a sport. They are explicitly government roles. Thus, it's immediately apparent that the intended meaning is sense 2, a worker holding an office or functionary. The context provides strong evidence that this is the correct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minister
Target surface form: minister
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice <t>minister</t> stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minister%1:18:02:: | definition=a person appointed to a high office in the government | synonyms=government minister | examples=Minister of Finance
2. sense_key=minister%1:04:00:: | definition=the job of a head of a government department
3. sense_key=minister%1:18:00:: | definition=a person authorized to conduct religious worship | synonyms=curate, minister of religion, parson, pastor, rector | examples=clergymen are usually called ministers in Protestant churches
4. sense_key=minister%1:18:01:: | definition=a diplomat representing one government to another; ranks below ambassador | synonyms=diplomatic minister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Minister" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct meaning of "minister" in the phrase "the Chinese vice minister" within the context of these climate negotiations in Copenhagen. We're talking about high-level government officials, the likes of the Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh.

Right away, I'm thinking this is probably a straightforward government official, but let's be thorough. The candidate senses are: a government official, the job itself, a religious figure, and a diplomat.

Given that it's a high-level official *representing* China at these talks, the "government minister" sense (sense 1) jumps out. It aligns perfectly with the description of a person appointed to a high office. It’s similar to how we'd refer to a "Minister of Finance" or similar.

Let's quickly dismiss the others. The job itself (sense 2) doesn't quite fit – we're talking about the *person*, not the *position* per se. Obviously, it's not a religious figure (sense 3). Now, the diplomat option (sense 4) is the tricky one. This would cover a diplomat representing one government to another, but this is a *vice* minister within a government department, possibly environment or foreign affairs. In China, Vice Ministers are *within* a Ministry, so it's a government office. The term "Minister" is also a diplomatic rank, which makes this sense misleading. A diplomat would have a specific designation, like "Minister-Counselor".

So, while diplomacy is *involved* in these climate negotiations, we're talking about a high-ranking government official representing the Chinese *government*, therefore "government minister" (sense 1) is the winner. It's a clear fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plane
Target surface form: planes
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off <t>planes</t> and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plane%1:25:00:: | definition=(mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape | synonyms=sheet | examples=we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane; any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane
2. sense_key=plane%1:26:00:: | definition=a level of existence or development | examples=he lived on a worldly plane
3. sense_key=plane%1:06:01:: | definition=an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets | synonyms=airplane, aeroplane | examples=the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane
4. sense_key=plane%1:06:00:: | definition=a carpenter's hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=carpenter's plane, woodworking plane | examples=the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work
5. sense_key=plane%1:06:02:: | definition=a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=planer, planing machine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Planes"**

Okay, so the word I'm focusing on is "planes," the plural form of "plane." The surrounding sentence gives me the following context: "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls..." Right away, the meaning I'm looking for is pretty clear. The officials are *leaving* something and moving quickly. That strongly suggests the "planes" are aircraft.

Let me run through the potential senses quickly to confirm.

1.  A mathematical shape? Nope, doesn't fit the sentence's action at all.
2.  A level of existence? Certainly doesn't fit the context; stepping off a plane and racing doesn't convey any notion of existence level.
3.  Ah-ha! Sense 3, "plane%1:06:01:: (aircraft)", that's the winner. Aircraft. That makes perfect sense given the imagery of travel and the officials' arrival.
4.  And 5. Hand or Power tool? Definitely not.

So, I'm confident in selecting sense 3, "aircraft," for "planes" in this context. It's a clear and concise fit, and no other sense even comes close.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hall
Target surface form: halls
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's <t>halls</t> to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hall%1:06:05:: | definition=a large entrance or reception room or area | synonyms=anteroom, antechamber, entrance hall, foyer, lobby, vestibule
2. sense_key=hall%1:06:08:: | definition=a large building used by a college or university for teaching or research | examples=halls of learning
3. sense_key=hall%1:06:07:: | definition=a large and imposing house | synonyms=mansion, mansion house, manse, residence
4. sense_key=hall%1:06:04:: | definition=a college or university building containing living quarters for students | synonyms=dormitory, dorm, residence hall, student residence
5. sense_key=hall%1:06:06:: | definition=the large room of a manor or castle | synonyms=manor hall
6. sense_key=hall%1:06:03:: | definition=an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open | synonyms=hallway | examples=the elevators were at the end of the hall
7. sense_key=hall%1:18:01:: | definition=United States explorer who led three expeditions to the Arctic (1821-1871) | synonyms=Charles Francis Hall
8. sense_key=hall%1:18:04:: | definition=English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in Britain for many years (1883-1943) | synonyms=Radclyffe Hall, Marguerite Radclyffe Hall
9. sense_key=hall%1:06:01:: | definition=a large building for meetings or entertainment
10. sense_key=hall%1:18:00:: | definition=United States astronomer who discovered Phobos and Deimos (the two satellites of Mars) (1829-1907) | synonyms=Asaph Hall
11. sense_key=hall%1:06:02:: | definition=a large room for gatherings or entertainment | examples=lecture hall; pool hall
12. sense_key=hall%1:18:02:: | definition=United States chemist who developed an economical method of producing aluminum from bauxite (1863-1914) | synonyms=Charles Martin Hall
13. sense_key=hall%1:18:03:: | definition=United States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924) | synonyms=G. Stanley Hall, Granville Stanley Hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Halls" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "halls," and the context is about high-level officials moving quickly within the Bella Center. Since Bella Center is a convention center, my initial thought is that "halls" likely refers to the interior passageways. Let's consider the possible senses from the semantic inventory. We have: a large entrance, interior passage or corridor (a hallway), a large building for meetings, and a large room for gatherings.

Considering the sentence "raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings," the idea of officials *racing* immediately suggests corridors or hallways. It doesn't really feel like they're racing *through* a large meeting room. I'm leaning toward sense 6: "an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open" (the hallway).

Wait, am I being too quick to dismiss the idea of the Bella Center being made up of exhibition *halls* (like a large gathering room - sense 11)? Let's analyze the phrase: "raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings." The "raced through the halls" part seems more appropriate for a hallway, and the subsequent phrase "to closed-door meetings" reinforces this. If they were meeting in a large room, that would be in that meeting room, not *through* the halls. I'm going to look at other examples. "The elevators were at the end of the hall." "racing through the halls" strongly suggests running through corridors. So this reinforces that meaning.

Alright, I'm confident. Sense 6, "an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open," is the most fitting meaning in this context. It's the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: meeting
Target surface form: meetings
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door <t>meetings</t> and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00:: | definition=a formally arranged gathering | synonyms=group meeting | examples=next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson
2. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of joining together as one | synonyms=merging, coming together | examples=the merging of the two groups occurred quickly; there was no meeting of minds
3. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling for some common purpose | synonyms=coming together | examples=his meeting with the salesmen was the high point of his day
4. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01:: | definition=a small informal social gathering | synonyms=get together | examples=there was an informal meeting in my living room
5. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00:: | definition=a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers) | synonyms=confluence | examples=Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers
6. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00:: | definition=a casual or unexpected convergence | synonyms=encounter | examples=he still remembers their meeting in Paris; there was a brief encounter in the hallway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Meetings" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "meetings," and the context describes individuals "raced through...halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences." Let's break this down. My initial thought is to consider the various senses. I've got six possibilities: a formally arranged gathering, the act of joining together, the social act of assembling, a small informal social gathering, a place where things merge, and a casual convergence.

"Closed-door meetings" immediately suggests formal gatherings, likely diplomatic or business. Sense 1, "a formally arranged gathering," or "group meeting," seems like a strong contender. But let's be thorough. Sense 3, "the social act of assembling," also looks relevant. I need to distinguish between a group/event and the *act* of gathering. The "and news conferences" part is crucial; these are also countable events.

So, is it Sense 1 or Sense 3? "Group meeting" versus "coming together." Hmmm. Let's dig deeper. The phrase "closed-door meetings" is definitely about the *events* themselves. Think "next year the meeting will be in Chicago." It's definitely countable, a specific event or series of events. "Raced to... meetings" and "news conferences" supports this. They are racing *to* a place or gathering.

Now I remember, in WordNet, sense 1 is categorized under noun.group, sense 3 as noun.act. I'm choosing "raced to ... meetings." They are racing to the *gatherings*, the *events*. That makes it sense 1. A formal gathering. A group meeting. The group noun, not the act. Yes, that's definitely the best fit. I'm going with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claims
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out <t>claims</t> that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
3. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
4. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
5. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Claims" in the Climate Negotiation Context**

Okay, so the target word here is "claims," and I need to understand its nuance within this negotiation scenario. The phrase "stake out claims" is key. It's idiomatically linked to staking out a land claim, which suggests asserting a right or making a demand. My initial thought is that it must mean making demands or asserting their positions, as this is a closed-door negotiation.

I'm considering a few senses from WordNet. Sense 1 ("an informal right to something") doesn't quite fit, nor does Sense 3 ("an established or recognized right"). Sense 5 ("assertion that something is true or factual") seems off too, because the claims will be arbitrated. Sense 2 ("an assertion of a right, as to money or property") is a possibility, but feels a little too legalistic for this context.

That leaves Sense 4: "demand for something as rightful or due." The example given, "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day," resonates strongly. This fits the climate talks perfectly, where delegates are essentially making demands that will be negotiated and arbitrated over the next week. It's a metaphorical use of "staking out claims" that feels very appropriate here.

The "arbitrated over the next week" element solidifies my hunch. Arbitration is used to settle disputes or disagreements related to *demands* and positions. The "stake out claims" phrase suggests they're setting down their demands to be negotiated. I believe sense 4 is the best fit. Sense 2, "assertion of a right (as to money or property)", does suggest a more legal claim.

I'm confident in Sense 4 because the hypernym is demand, and these climate talks are all about demands. "They struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day" and the negotiation context match perfectly. It must be Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next <t>week</t>. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Choosing the Right Sense of "Week"**

Okay, so the prompt mentions "stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week." Immediately, my mind jumps to disambiguating "week". We've got a few candidates here: a calendar week starting Sunday, a workweek, and any period of seven days.

The phrase "over the next week" is the key. It implies a duration of time, the upcoming seven days from now. It doesn't inherently specify a starting day like Sunday, nor does it necessarily relate to the typical work schedule. This makes sense #3, the "hebdomad" – any seven consecutive days – the most fitting.

The examples given, like "it rained for a week", perfectly mirror the structure. They show a simple duration. Sense #1, the calendar week, doesn't quite fit; "over the next week" is simply referring to the following seven days from the moment of the prompt. Therefore, sense #3 is definitely correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: gathering
Target surface form: gathering
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the <t>gathering</t> -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=gathering%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of gathering something | synonyms=gather
2. sense_key=gathering%1:06:00:: | definition=sewing consisting of small folds or puckers made by pulling tight a thread in a line of stitching | synonyms=gather
3. sense_key=gathering%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons together in one place | synonyms=assemblage
4. sense_key=gathering%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling | synonyms=assembly, assemblage | examples=they demanded the right of assembly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Gathering"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the exact sense of "gathering" in this context: "The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day...". Right off the bat, I recognized this as the Copenhagen climate change summit. Let's break it down.

First instinct is that it's a *group of persons together in one place*, or possibly the social *act of assembling*. I see the text mentions 13,000 people, the sprawl, and the convention center. It's clearly describing the physical reality of a large number of people congregated. The "sprawl" implies both the event and the group itself.

Initially, my definition thoughts lead me to sense 3: "a group of persons together in one place." But "gathering" as an event *is* also a group of persons. Synonym check: gathering = assemblage = group of persons together.

Sense 4, the social act of assembling, feels a bit off. While the gathering is the assembly of people, "sprawl of the gathering" is more about the event or the group *itself*. The "13,000 people moving in and out" leans towards the physical presence of the group.

Time to consult WordNet for more clarity. Gathering%1:14:00 (Sense 3) links to *group, grouping*. Gathering%1:04:00 (Sense 4) is *group action*, but that feels less applicable.

Considering "sprawl of the gathering", I'm thinking about the congregation/assembly of people physically present at the summit. With 13,000 people, the definition of "group of persons together in one place" from Sense 3, fits perfectly. The "sheer sprawl" paints a picture of a large group spread out.

I'm confident in Sense 3 as the most accurate interpretation here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 <t>people</t> move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
2. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

source: unavailable

error_kind: ServiceUnavailableError

error_message:
litellm.ServiceUnavailableError: GeminiException - {
  "error": {
    "code": 503,
    "message": "This model is currently experiencing high demand. Spikes in demand are usually temporary. Please try again later.",
    "status": "UNAVAILABLE"
  }
}