[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using <t>new</t> "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
5. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
6. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him
7. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
8. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
9. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "New" in Context**

Okay, the target is "new," and the surrounding text mentions "new genetic probes" in the context of emerging cancer diagnosis technology. My initial thought is to consider what "new" really means here. It's clearly not about something *brand* new in the sense of never before conceived, but rather something recently developed or discovered.

My first thought leads me to consider Candidate 7: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered." This seems like a pretty good fit right off the bat. It's the most literal interpretation of something *being* new.

Then I glance at Candidate 10: "original and of a kind not seen before" (essentially, *novel*). Science often uses "new" to describe newly developed things. But I think about it, and it's not necessarily that the *probes* themselves are fundamentally different from all probes that came before, but simply that they *have been recently developed*. The "new" here seems to be about the *temporal* aspect – the recent emergence of this technology.

Candidate 11, "having no previous example or precedent or parallel," is definitely out. It's not unprecedented in that sense.

Ultimately, Candidate 7's definition, "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been discovered," best captures the meaning here. It describes the probes perfectly, because it is an adjective applied to the probes which have just been brought into being, or just discovered. Sense index 7 is the clear winner for this application.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "<t>genetic</t> probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Genetic Probe"**

Okay, so the target word is "genetic" within the context of "genetic probes" used to identify if a baby has inherited a damaged retinoblastoma gene. The phrase immediately makes me think of DNA or RNA fragments, essentially "tools" to detect a specific sequence, a gene.

My initial candidates are: inheritable/familial/hereditary; relating to the science of genetics; pertaining to origin; and finally, *of or relating to a gene*. The last one looks promising given the probes bind to genes or DNA itself, so that sense ("of or relating to a gene") feels right.

But, hold on...could it be that the phrase is relating to the *science* of genetics? Let’s think about “genetic code,” “genetic marker,” and now “genetic probe.” Clearly, these phrases describe things that either are or relate directly to genes. A probe used to detect genes is, well, *relating to* genes, if not being the gene itself.

Synonyms for that sense include “genic” or “genetical.” Digging into WordNet, things like "genetic marker" or "genetic map" can lean toward genetics or genes. “Genetic probe” isn’t explicitly there, but it is testing a *gene*, so it's a gene-related concept.

The earlier mention of "genetic tests" introduces a similar nuance. Are these tests of genes themselves, or tests *about* genetics in general? Both sense 2 (relating to the science of genetics) and sense 4 (of or relating to a gene) feel applicable. It’s a matter of granularity.

So, let's look at the definitions more precisely. Is it *of or relating to* genetics as a field, or *of or relating to* a gene itself? The probe *is* literally a probe for a gene. Like how “genetic code” *is* the code of a gene, “genetic probe” must be a probe *of* a gene.

Therefore, I think the correct interpretation is Sense 4: of or relating to a gene.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "<t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
2. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
3. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
4. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
5. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
6. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show
7. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
8. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
9. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
10. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
11. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
12. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Showed" in a Genetic Context**

Okay, the target word is "showed" and the context is a genetic test. My initial thought process involves quickly sifting through the different senses of "show" to determine the most fitting meaning. Let's see... we have senses relating to location, visibility, exhibitions, pictures, expressions, and even horse racing. I immediately disregard most of these as irrelevant to the genetic context.

I'm focusing now on those that relate to evidence or results. Sense 5, "give evidence of," Sense 8, "establish the validity," and particularly Sense 12, "provide evidence for," are the main contenders. Sense 12 immediately catches my eye with its explicit example: "The blood test showed that he was the father." That's a strong indicator, as the pattern "test showed that [clause]" is almost exactly what we have here.

Sense 8, "establish the validity," is also a strong contender ("The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"). However, Sense 12's specific phrasing and the "test showed" construction is too perfect to ignore. "Provide evidence for" – that's what a genetic test does, right? It gives a sign or proof of something, in this case, the absence of a damaged gene. The example in the dictionary entry, "The blood test showed that he was the father," is incredibly similar to this phrase.

Therefore, Sense 12, "provide evidence for," is the most accurate and appropriate meaning in this context. It's the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
2. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
4. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
5. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
6. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
7. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Little" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "little," and it's used in the phrase "little Will Quinlan." The context tells me he's a baby. Right away, I'm thinking about the connotations of "little" when referring to a child.

Candidate 6, "young, immature," seems like a strong contender. The definition specifically calls out children and animals. It's a clear descriptor of Will Quinlan's age; he's a baby, so he is young and immature, right?

Candidate 8, "arouses feelings," is interesting, but I feel it's less direct here. While "little" used with a name *can* carry an emotional weight, it also *frequently* simply means "young." Given the baby context, the "young" sense of "little" is much more applicable. The examples like "little boy" also support this. The phrase "little [Name]" fits with the "young" definition.

Okay, let's confirm this by thinking of the WordNet tag counts. "Little boy" -> young, "little Will Quinlan" -> young. Okay, yeah, Candidate 6 is the clear winner for this context. I'm going with "young, immature."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Inheritance Under Scrutiny**

Okay, so the lemma is "inherit," and the surface form is "inherited." Let's dive in. The context is this test, apparently involving genetic probes, and little Will Quinlan. The key phrase is "inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene." Right, so we're talking about genetic transmission.

Now, let's consider the definitions. We've got receiving something genetically, obtaining something after someone's death, and receiving something from a predecessor. Given the "gene" aspect in the context, definition 1 jumps out immediately. It fits like a glove. The other definitions are plausible within the wider English lexicon, but this situation clearly speaks to genetic inheritance. There's no doubt, sense 1 is the one we're looking for.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a <t>damaged</t> retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation
2. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Damaged" in the Genomic Context**

Okay, so the word I'm working with is "damaged," and it's describing a "retinoblastoma suppressor gene." My immediate task is to nail down the precise meaning. Let's see... the dictionary definitions are offering me a couple of options. One sense, "disreputable," suggests something brought into disrepute. That doesn't feel right at all in this context. We're talking about a gene, not a reputation. The other sense, however, "harmed or injured or spoiled," is spot on. A *damaged* gene, in this biological realm, is clearly one that's mutated, defective, or otherwise functionally impaired. It’s been "harmed." That’s the only definition that makes any sense here. The genetic probe results are indicating the absence of a harmful mutation. Done. Sense 2 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
2. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
3. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
4. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
5. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
6. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones
7. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Faced"**

Okay, so the lemma is "face," and the surface form is "faced." The context is "faced no more risk." My initial thought is that "faced" likely refers to being confronted with a risk or danger.

Let's see, "faced no more risk" – does that mean to deal with something head-on, or simply be confronted with it? Candidate 4 seems like a good fit: deal with something unpleasant head-on, essentially to "confront" or "face up" to it. It has example sentences that feel right in this context, like "He faced the terrible consequences." I also thought of another candidate: present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize, but that doesn't feel right.

Candidate 4 does have "He faced the terrible consequences". Here, "faced no more risk" fits this structure: subject faces object (risk). That sounds a lot better.

Now, let me compare Candidate 4 with Candidate 9, which is "oppose, as in hostility or a competition." Candidate 4, however, has "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes," which feels perfect. Here, the baby faced a threat/risk.

Let's check WordNet and look at: face%2:32:00:: deal with (something unpleasant) head on. (confront, face up, face) "You must confront your problems"; "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes". Does the text provide something similar? "what threat the Quinlan baby faced"? Also in the text. The baby faced no more risk. Risk is something unpleasant. So candidate 4 fits perfectly.

Just to be sure, let me quickly review the other senses: face a playing card, turn and face, be opposite, be oriented in a certain direction, cover the front, present, line the edge, and oppose. None of those seem to work.

Candidate 4 really is the best. So, the chosen sense is: face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes. Yep, "faced no more risk" fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas
2. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "More"**

Okay, the target is "more," and the surface form is, well, "more." The context is "...faced no more risk than other children...". I need to determine the correct sense here. I have two candidate senses: "more%3:00:02::" which is the comparative of "many" used with count nouns, and "more%3:00:01::" which is the comparative of "much" used with mass nouns.

Now, I need to understand how "risk" is being used. It looks like "risk" could be either a count or a mass noun depending on context. But this is the key. The phrase "no more risk" is the deciding factor. I'm thinking about "amount of risk" versus "number of risks." We say "how much risk," not "how many risks." Right, the phrase "no more risk" is treating "risk" as a mass noun. We are talking about "much risk," not "many risks."

Therefore, it must be the second sense, "more%3:00:01::" (comparative of 'much'). Sense 1 deals with count nouns (more seats, more bananas), whereas "risk" as used in this context is a mass noun (more land, more support) because "no more risk" is a measureable quantity. The usage is clear: sense 2 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Landscape of "Risk"**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "risk," and, surprisingly, the surface form *is* also "risk" – no morphological gymnastics here! Let's get down to brass tacks. The provided context is, "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." My immediate focus is on which of the candidate senses fits best. I've got a few options: risk%1:26:00, risk%1:04:00, risk%1:07:02, and risk%1:07:01.

My initial assessment is this: "Developing the rare cancer" screams "possibility of incurring loss or misfortune." I'm mentally parsing this down; it's a *health hazard*. Cancer, at least in this context, isn't something that's infectious, so senses 3 and 4, the ones related to infectious agents and the probability of *exposure*, are immediately out of the running. Not even a contender.

Sense 2, the one about a "venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury," just doesn't sit right either. It's not a *venture* that's being described. The core of the sentence isn't about undertaking something new, or something that is based on the subject not caring about what might happen if things go wrong.

That leaves me with sense 1: "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune." Bingo. "Risk of developing the rare cancer" clearly maps onto that definition. It's the best and only fit here. The connection between the context and the sense is a natural and straightforward one, and I'm confident in selecting that sense. This is a straightforward case of semantic disambiguation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
2. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
3. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Other"**

Okay, so the target is the word "other," and the surface form is, well, "other." The context is: "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." My initial thought is to run through potential senses. I have four candidates here: "belonging to the distant past," "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied," "very unusual; different in character or quality," and "recently past."

In this sentence, "other children" clearly refers to children besides Will Quinlan, which suggests sense 2. Let's compare this to the example given, "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen" I could use this broadly.

Thinking about it more carefully, "faced no more risk than other children" means "the rest of the children" not the children already mentioned. That's it! Sense 2 seems to be the obvious and correct reading here.

Just to be absolutely certain, I'll go back and double-check my sense keys and definitions. The definition for sense 2, "other%3:00:00:: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied," is a perfect fit. That's the one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
2. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
3. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
4. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Other Children"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the specific sense of "children" in that sentence: "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." My initial thought is to consider the context of Will Quinlan's test. He was being checked for a genetic predisposition to retinoblastoma, a cancer that affects, typically, young people.

Now, let's break down the potential senses: a childish immature person, a young person of either sex (kid, youngster, minor), a member of a clan or tribe, or simply a human offspring of any age. Clearly, sense 3 doesn't apply here. And while all children are offspring (sense 4), the contrast is between Will and the *general pediatric population*. The crucial point is the phrase "faced no *more risk* than other *children*."

Does "other children" mean "other offspring" in this particular syntactic relation, or does it mean "other young people"? My gut reaction is that "than other children" is far more likely to mean kids or youngsters generally. The risk is the key factor.

Considering sense 2, "a young person of either sex" (kid, youngster), that fits perfectly. It implies an equal risk compared to the broader, general population of young people, the age group at risk for this cancer. Now looking at sense 4, where "children" means "a human offspring," this is also correct, but less useful for the context, as the key point is about risk for a specific age group.

The fact that the rare cancer, retinoblastoma, occurs "about once every 20,000 births" solidifies this. Retinoblastoma is a cancer of, and usually affecting, children. So, "other children" refers to the general pediatric population, the "other kids." Therefore, sense 2 is the most logically appropriate. It's the only one that makes complete sense in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
2. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
7. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
8. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
9. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
10. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
13. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
15. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
16. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
17. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Developing" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "developing," stemming from the lemma "develop." The context is about children potentially *developing* a rare cancer. Let's see... the candidate senses are coming up.

First, sense key *develop%2:42:00::*, "come into existence; take on form or shape" seems unlikely here. Second one, *develop%2:33:03::*, "move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions" - definitely wrong. *Develop%2:30:12::*, "expand in the form of a series" - no. Ah, here's *develop%2:29:00::*, "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)", synonyms: "grow, produce, get, acquire". The example "The patient developed abdominal pains" is quite similar! Bingo! This really fits with the idea of *developing* cancer. It implies *acquiring* a disease, the emergence of a physical condition.

I'll quickly check the other senses. *Develop%2:36:00::* is "work out" - too general. *Develop%2:30:03::* is "happen," and *develop%2:30:01::* is "cause to grow and differentiate..." Nope. The definition of *develop%2:29:00::* is clearly the most fitting. It's the "come to have or undergo a change" definition that clicks. I need to make sure I am not missing anything else.

Let's do a quick re-check. Sense 1 is intransitive, "come into existence". Not suitable. Sense 20 is "grow, progress" also intransitive. I am looking for a transitive one. *Develop%2:29:00::* is transitive. It fits perfectly. The child is *developing* cancer, i.e., "coming to have" cancer, which is a change in physical condition. This is the clear winner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
3. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Cancer" in Context**

Okay, so we're looking at a genetic test for retinoblastoma, a pretty rare eye cancer. The key here is to determine precisely what "cancer" signifies in this context. Little Will Quinlan, from what I understand, wasn't at any increased risk of *this specific cancer* compared to the general population. That's our starting point.

Now, let's break down the possible definitions I have in mind:

1.  **"Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..."** This seems like the obvious, medical definition. It's the standard understanding of the disease we're dealing with.
2.  A constellation. Interesting but irrelevant.
3.  A crab genus. Definitely not what we're talking about here.
4.  A zodiac sign. Completely off-base.
5.  A person born under the zodiac sign. Ridiculous.

It's clear, given the subject matter – a genetic test for a medical condition – that the intended meaning is definition **1**. The word "cancer" unequivocally refers to the *medical* disease, not any other meaning. This is basic contextual analysis, and with the surrounding information, there is no ambiguity.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
2. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
3. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
4. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
5. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
6. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
7. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
8. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
9. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
10. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
11. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
12. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
13. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
14. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
15. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
16. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
17. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
18. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
19. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
20. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
21. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
22. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
23. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
24. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
25. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
26. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
27. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
28. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
29. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
30. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
31. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
32. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
33. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
34. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
35. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
36. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
37. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
38. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
39. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
40. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
41. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
42. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
43. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
44. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
45. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
46. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
47. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
48. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
49. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Make" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma is "make," and the surface form is "made" in the sentence "It made our New Year," as spoken by Mr. Quinlan. The context implies something positive, like the New Year was enjoyable or happy because of "it". I need to find the right sense of "make" that captures this meaning.

Let's see what we've got. Sense 13, sense_key=make%2:30:10::, definition: "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable," with the example "make my day," is a promising candidate. This aligns perfectly with the idea of "making" a time period enjoyable.

Just to be thorough, I'll quickly glance at the other options. Sense 17, "assure the success of," is close, but the specific phrasing of "make my day" is a closer parallel to the "make our New Year" usage here. Sense 13 is definitively the better fit, as it specifically expresses this concept of making a time period, or something, enjoyable. I can see the direct parallel in the phraseology there.

I'll double-check sense 13 one more time, just to be certain. Yes, the key is "make%2:30:10::" with the definition: cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable, with examples like: "make my day." The sentence "It made our New Year" is certainly a variation on that theme.

Therefore, the appropriate sense index for this usage of "made" is 13.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
2. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
5. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
6. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
7. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
8. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
9. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
10. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
11. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "says" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "say," specifically the form "says" in the sentence "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan. My initial thought is that it means to express in words, to state something.

Let's dive deeper and compare candidate senses. Looking at WordNet, sense 4, `say%2:32:00::` ("express in words," with synonyms like "state" and "tell") seems like a strong contender. The example "He said that he wanted to marry her" resonates with the quote-reporting usage. However, let me double-check others, like sense 11, `say%2:32:15::`, "utter aloud," although I'm thinking that's more common with more formal greetings.

Given the direct quote, the default choice for reporting speech tends to be either `say%2:32:00::` (sense 4) or `say%2:32:01::`. Sense 4 seems a bit more generic. I want to be certain, though.

I'm verifying that it can be used for reporting speeches, as in the example, "He said that he wanted to marry her." Also, sense 4 is definitely a good fit with "state, tell." In fact, it does seem to be the most general sense for direct and indirect speech reporting.

Let me review the senses again to be sure, just to be sure...

1.  Have or contain a certain wording
2.  Speak, pronounce
3.  Express a supposition
4.  Express in words
5.  Communicate or express nonverbally
6.  State as one's opinion or judgment
7.  Indicate
8.  Recite
9.  Give instructions
10. Report or maintain (allege, aver)
11. Utter aloud (She said `Hello')

Yes, "express in words" (sense 4) is perfect for reporting a statement.

I know SemCor shows that `say` used in the way we have here is typically tagged as either `say%2:32:00::` or `say%2:32:01::`. Wait, though, "allege, aver" in sense 10 feels more like making a claim and does not fit the context as well as the initial sense, 4.

Yes, sense 4 is the clear winner for a standard reporting verb. I'm confident in the final output. Therefore, my final output is: {"sense\_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
3. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section
4. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
6. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "First" Sense in Context**

Okay, so the target is "first," and the surface form is, well, "first." The context is "This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer." My immediate thought is to look at the candidate senses. I've got a list, which is handy.

Initially, "the first to predict reliably" seems to imply precedence in time. Is it `first%3:00:00::` ("preceding all others in time or space or degree") or maybe `first%5:00:00:ordinal:00` ("indicating the beginning unit in a series")? It's a bit of a classic ambiguity. The phrase "the first to do X" leans towards that first sense, but it can be ordinal too.

WordNet usually helps distinguish this. I know that it delineates the base adjective, where it might describe "the first house on the right" or the "first day of spring," from the ordinal sense. This is a crucial distinction.

Now, let's parse this carefully. "The first to predict" is essentially functioning as either an adjective modifying a noun or a noun phrase. I'm thinking about an elided noun phrase, such as "the first [test] to predict." It *means* preceding all others in time here.

Let's quickly check the examples for sense 1: "the first house on the right; the first day of spring." Those look right. Sense 5? None, but it just lists "1st" as a synonym.

Let's look at the phrase itself, "the first to predict reliably." Then, "first" in the construct "the first [person/thing] to do something." That's the key.

Usually, the primary sense for preceding all others in time is indeed `first%3:00:00::`. Let's re-examine the context: "This test was the first to predict reliably..."

Wait, now I can see it. That's *it*. It's `first%3:00:00::`. "Preceding all others in time or space or degree" precisely captures the meaning of "the first [test in time] to predict reliably." Therefore, sense 1 is the appropriate choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Individual"**

Okay, the target word is "individual" and the surrounding text is, "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an *individual* could expect to develop cancer." My immediate focus is on disambiguating the sense of "individual" in this context. We have two candidate senses: a general human being, which is pretty much synonymous with "person," "someone," or "mortal"; and then a single organism, which is a broader biological term.

Given the context of cancer development, and the mention of predicting this for a specific person, such as the Quinlan family members, it's clear we're talking about a *human being*. The idea is whether *that person* will develop cancer. The text is not about organism-level predictions in a general biological sense, but about the likelihood of cancer development in a particular person. Therefore, sense 1, the human being definition, is clearly the more appropriate interpretation here. It's a straightforward case of semantic disambiguation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expect
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
2. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
3. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January
4. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
5. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
6. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "Expect" in Context**

Okay, the target is "expect," and the context is "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer." My initial thought is to consider the different senses of "expect" and how they might fit here. I've got a list of candidates: expecting a baby, considering something reasonable, being pregnant, considering obligatory, looking forward to something, and regarding something as probable or likely.

"An individual could expect to develop cancer" - hmm, that suggests they'd view developing cancer as probable, likely, or anticipate it. Definitely not in a positive "look forward to" sense. "Anticipate" fits better than "look forward to".

Sense 5, "look forward to," doesn't seem right. The example sentence given ("We were expecting a visit from our relatives") is positive. I'm not "looking forward" to cancer. Sense 6, "regard something as probable or likely," that seems much better, like in the meteorology example, "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow." "Anticipate" is a good synonym.

Let's see: "whether an individual could anticipate to develop cancer" -> no, "anticipate developing". "expect to develop" -> regard as likely to develop.

The construction is "expect + to-infinitive." Does that match the senses? Sense 6, "regard something as probable or likely" (e.g., "expecting rain"). Hmm, I should be focused on 6.

Let's carefully compare senses 5 and 6. Sense 5 implies "looking ahead" to an event. Sense 6 is just a cognitive state of believing something is likely. "Whether an individual could expect to develop cancer" - it means "whether an individual is likely to develop cancer." That feels right. Sense 6 is the clear choice.

Let's confirm: "regard something as probable or likely." The individual is considering it probable. Is it reasonable or due? No. It is very likely, so definitely 6.
So, I will choose index 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
4. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
5. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
8. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
9. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
10. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
11. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
13. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
14. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
15. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
16. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
17. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
18. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form
20. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
21. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Develop" Context**

Okay, the target lemma is "develop", and the context is "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer." My initial thought is to zero in on sense 10: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)." That seems like a strong contender, given the examples, like "The patient developed abdominal pains." It's a natural fit for the idea of a physical state changing, becoming something else.

Let me quickly rule out the other senses, just to be sure. Sense 1, "happen," doesn't quite work. Neither does sense 7, "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve," nor sense 20, "come into existence." They're not a good fit for this context.

So, back to sense 10. Does "develop cancer" really align? Yes, the synonyms are telling. "Get" and "acquire" are included. So, "to develop cancer" is, in effect, "to get cancer" or "to acquire cancer." That seals it.

Taking another instance in the context: "...risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." Yes, absolutely. Sense 10 is the correct one. The shift is clear. The context demands a sense of acquisition, the "coming to have" of a condition or attribute.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
2. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
3. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
4. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
5. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Cancer" in This Context**

Okay, so the target word is "cancer," and the surrounding text mentions "retinoblastoma," which immediately narrows things down. I'm dealing with a medical context, specifically a type of eye cancer. My mind, being an expert in this, immediately starts running through potential senses, just to be thorough.

First, I had to rule out astrology, genus, zodiac signs, and constellations, which are all related to the word "cancer" but completely irrelevant here. That's the easy part. The crucial part, given the reference to a medical condition, is recognizing that "cancer" in this context refers to sense 5: the malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal, uncontrolled cell division. That's the correct meaning, the only one that makes sense considering retinoblastoma is an eye cancer. It’s pretty straightforward, given the information available. Case closed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: Equally
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Equally"**

Okay, so I'm looking at the target lemma "equally," capitalized as "Equally" in the text. The context is "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth..." Immediately, I'm already thinking about potential senses. We've got two possibilities: Sense 1, dealing with equal *amounts* or *shares* – that "evenly" distribution kind of meaning. Then there's Sense 2, which is about *degree* – "to the same degree," often used with "as," like "equally beautiful."

Given the surrounding words, it's clear "equally" is modifying the adjective "important." That context immediately points me towards Sense 2. "Equally important" means "important to the *same degree*," and that feels like a perfect fit for Sense 2's definition, which includes synonyms like "as" and "every bit." Sense 1, with its emphasis on balancing or splitting, just doesn't work here. The sentence isn't about dividing importance into equal portions; it's about stating that something is important to the same degree as something else, even if that something else is unspoken. Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct one.