[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
2. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
3. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
4. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
5. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
6. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister
7. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
10. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
11. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
12. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
13. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
14. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
15. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
16. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
17. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
18. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
19. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
20. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
21. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
24. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
25. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
26. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
27. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
28. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
29. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
30. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
33. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
34. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
35. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
36. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
37. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
38. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
39. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
40. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
41. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
42. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
43. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
44. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 18}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 18}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Implication of "Given" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the context revolves around administering Alimta and cisplatin. We're dealing with medication. The word I need to understand is "given," specifically in "When Alimta is given with cisplatin...". My first instinct is to zero in on the pharmaceutical sense of "give."

Let's see, I've got a sense candidate here: "give (as medicine)." It's the only one that jumps out as even remotely relevant. The definition and examples are spot on: "I gave him the drug." Bingo!

Just to be absolutely certain, I need to confirm the context supports this. "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." Yeah, that clinches it. "Given" here unequivocally refers to the administration of medication. The "give (as medicine)" sense is the correct one.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine
4. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Medicine"**

Okay, so the target word is "medicine," and that's also its surface form – simple enough. Now, let's dive into the context: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." Hmm, right away I'm thinking about the potential senses.

Let's quickly run through the possibilities. First, we have the broader "learned profession... the practice of medicine" (sense 1). That's a possibility, but doesn't seem quite right given the surrounding words. Then, there's "something that treats or prevents... disease" (sense 2), which is most often a medication. Next, there's "punishment for one's actions" (sense 3) which is completely irrelevant here. Finally, we have "branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques" (sense 4), which is less likely here.

Given the phrase "an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting)," the meaning must be a medication or drug used to stop vomiting. That *has* to be sense 2, a "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease". That's a straightforward disambiguation. We're talking about a pharmaceutical intervention here. Case closed.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Nuances of "Prevent"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to determine the correct sense of "prevent" in the phrase "to prevent vomiting" and "to prevent dehydration". The surface form is straightforward, just "prevent". I've got two candidate senses to consider: "keep from happening or arising; make impossible" and "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state".

My initial thought is that both "vomiting" and "dehydration" are events or conditions, right? So, the goal is to stop them *from happening*. That already leans me towards the first sense, the one about keeping something from arising. Sense 1's synonyms like "forestall," "preclude," and "forbid" all seem to fit the context of *preventing* something before it occurs.

Now, let's look closer. The phrase structure is key here: "prevent vomiting" - with "vomiting" as a direct object, which is an event. That directly maps to keeping an event from happening. So, "prevent vomiting" really means "keep vomiting from happening." Sense 2, with examples like "prevent the cancer from spreading," is about stopping an agent from doing something or being in a specific state. While it’s implied that we are preventing someone from vomiting, it's the *action* of vomiting we're targeting.

I'm confirming it, let's quickly review those WordNet definitions again. Sense 1 is clear: "keep from happening or arising; make impossible." It perfectly aligns with what we're doing here, and Sense 2 is "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state".

We've got to ensure it all holds together, so I'm testing with Sense 1: Is the anti-emetic there to "keep vomiting from happening"? Absolutely, that's spot on.

Therefore, my final judgment is that Sense 1 is the most appropriate and the correct sense of “prevent” in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Fluids" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at this medical text mentioning "fluids" in relation to Alimta. The text says anti-emetics and fluids should be given to prevent side effects. I need to figure out the right sense of "fluids" here.

My initial thought is that it refers to liquids – things like IV saline or water – that are administered to prevent dehydration. So, I need to check the WordNet senses. I'm focusing on "fluid%1:27:02" and "fluid%1:27:00." My initial thought is fluids are substances.

Okay, let's break this down. Is it continuous amorphous matter, or a specific "substance"? In this medical context, "giving fluids" is definitely about administering *liquid* substances. So, I'm leaning toward the "substance" sense. Let me check the synonyms of 1:27:02. Ah, 1:27:02 has synonyms of liquid and fluid. Is 1:27:02 a liquid?

Okay, let's be absolutely sure. WordNet defines "liquid" as "a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure." So, it is!
WordNet defines "fluid%1:27:02" as "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure". Thus, "fluids" here are these liquid substances.

Wait, is 1:27:02 a liquid? Not exactly, but it has synonyms that are. Now, I see "fluid" is both "continuous amorphous matter" and "a substance". It is the plural, fluids, so it is "substances".

Okay, focusing on WordNet 3.0, the two senses are again "continuous amorphous matter" and "a substance". Because we're giving "fluids" to a patient, it's countable – individual substances, like portions of saline. That perfectly fits sense 2 (1:27:02), which is "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure."
"Give him some fluids" works perfectly. It's countable; it refers to individual portions of a "substance."

Just to confirm, let me re-check: 1:27:02 is *exactly* "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure."

So, let me solidify this. "Bodily fluid," "intravenous fluid" all fit this notion of individual substances. "Fluids" mean "substances that are fluid." Okay, so 1:27:02 seems right.

To make it certain, are these count or mass nouns? "Continuous amorphous matter" is mass, but "a substance" is count. The text uses "fluids," which is plural, therefore count noun. Yes, it must be the "a substance" sense.

So I've confirmed that "fluids" means the plural of "a substance." "Bodily fluids," medical "fluids," they all fit the bill of substances that are fluid.

Therefore, my final choice is 1:27:02.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to <t>prevent</t> dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "Prevent" in Context**

Okay, the target is "prevent," surface form matches the lemma, which is a good start. The context is "to prevent dehydration," and that's the key. I need to nail down the correct sense of "prevent" here.

My initial candidates are the standard ones: Sense 1, "keep from happening or arising; make impossible," and Sense 2, "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state." The sentence clearly implies that something, in this case dehydration, is being *kept from happening*.

So, "prevent dehydration" means the same as "keep dehydration from happening".

I'm leaning towards Sense 1, but I need to be absolutely sure. Let's break down the structure: With Sense 1, the object of "prevent" is an event, action, or state. Examples I can think of include "prevent the cancer from spreading," and "prevent an accident." With Sense 2, the object of "prevent" is someone or something and the action to be stopped.

So, is "dehydration" *doing* something that's being stopped? No. Dehydration is an event or a state. In the context of "prevent vomiting," I see that 'vomiting' is an event/action, not "someone/something" performing an action. And so, the verb "prevent" in this context is referring to Sense 1: keep the event from happening.

Now I'm looking at synonyms and examples to solidify the distinction. Sense 1 synonyms include "forestall," "foreclose," "preclude," and "forbid." Sense 2, less so.

Looking at WordNet examples for Sense 1: it describes "preventing the spread of disease". WordNet 3.1 confirms this. I can see this in the context of "prevent dehydration." It fits perfectly. "Dehydration" is the *thing* being kept from happening. It's not *doing* anything that needs to be stopped. So, Sense 1 is most fitting here. I'm going with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dehydration
Target surface form: dehydration
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent <t>dehydration</t>) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:01:: | definition=depletion of bodily fluids
2. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:00:: | definition=dryness resulting from the removal of water | synonyms=desiccation
3. sense_key=dehydration%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting moisture | synonyms=desiccation, drying up, evaporation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Dehydration: A Medical Perspective**

Okay, so the target lemma here is "dehydration," and the context is definitely medical, we're talking about patients, specifically about administering "fluids (to prevent dehydration)." My mind immediately starts sifting through the potential meanings, those senses that are typically associated with the word. I see three candidates: the literal **depletion of bodily fluids**, the more general **dryness resulting from water removal**, and the more process-oriented definition, **the process of extracting moisture**. Given the phrase "fluids (to prevent dehydration)," that's an easy call, the medical context just screams **bodily fluid depletion**. It's the most specific and relevant sense in this particular scenario. Therefore, the first sense is the clear winner, that's what we're dealing with here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be <t>given</t> before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
2. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
3. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
4. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
7. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
8. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
9. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
10. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
11. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
12. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
13. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
14. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
15. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
18. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
19. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
20. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
21. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
22. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
23. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
24. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
25. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
26. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
27. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
28. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
29. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
30. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
31. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
32. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
33. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
34. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
35. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
36. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
37. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
38. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
39. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
40. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
41. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
42. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
43. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
44. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 22}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 22}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Given" in Context**

Okay, so the task at hand is to determine the correct sense of "given" in this specific sentence: "...an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." The surface form is "given," and the target lemma is "give," which is fairly straightforward.

The sentence is clearly discussing the administration of medication and fluids. My initial intuition points towards a medical context. Let's see... Candidate 22 jumps out: `sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug`. The definition immediately seems relevant.

Now, let's verify. The surrounding context explicitly states "...should also be *given* before or after the cisplatin dose." Yes, that "given" is definitely about administering medicine and fluids. It's a direct match to Candidate 22. It's not about transferring something, offering something, or any other sense of "give." This is about the medical act of administering the substances.

Therefore, this is the most specific and accurate sense. Candidate 22's definition of "give (as medicine)" perfectly captures the meaning in this context. It's the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given <t>before</t> or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Before"**

Okay, the target is "before," and the surface form is, well, "before." The context is: "...given before or after the cisplatin dose." Right, this feels pretty straightforward, but let me check my assumptions. This looks like an adverbial or prepositional usage, and I need to make sure WordNet's coverage is relevant. Hmm, WordNet has adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and verbs.

Ah, yes, it's used as a preposition here: "before *or* after." Now, the senses WordNet provides are adverbs.
Specifically, they are:
1.  before%4:02:03:: earlier in time; previously
2.  before%4:02:01:: at or in the front

In the sentence: "given *before* or after the cisplatin dose," the word "before" clearly indicates time. It's temporal. I think sense 1: "earlier in time; previously" is the perfect fit.

Let me quickly run through this to eliminate any ambiguity. The use of "before *or* after" makes it definitively temporal. Sense 1 is temporal. Sense 2 is spatial ("ahead", "in front"). Therefore, yes, Sense 1 is the correct sense to use here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: after
Target surface form: after
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or <t>after</t> the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=after%4:02:01:: | definition=happening at a time subsequent to a reference time | synonyms=subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, later on | examples=he apologized subsequently; he's going to the store but he'll be back here later
2. sense_key=after%4:02:00:: | definition=behind or in the rear | examples=and Jill came tumbling after

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Temporal Meaning of "After"**

Okay, the target word is "after," and the context is that anti-emetic medicine and fluids should be given "before or after the cisplatin dose." My initial thought is to identify the relevant senses. Let's see... WordNet gives me two options: one related to time, specifically something happening subsequent to a reference point, and the other related to spatial position, "behind or in the rear."

The phrase "before or after the cisplatin dose" immediately flags the temporal element, right? It's clearly about timing. Now, there's a slight wrinkle: "before or after" function here as prepositions, and my initial scan flagged "after" as an adverb. However, WordNet, as I know, includes adverbs which can double as prepositions, or at least includes adverbs. The distinction here is, I suppose, semantic. I need to keep that in mind, regardless of the part-of-speech tag.

Regardless, the context is about the timing of administering the medicine relative to the cisplatin dose. Therefore, the spatial sense is irrelevant. It's unequivocally the temporal sense—happening later—that's in play here. The first sense is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin <t>dose</t>. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Dose" in a Clinical Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at the phrase "before or after the cisplatin dose," and my initial thought is, how do we interpret "dose" here? Cisplatin is, of course, a chemotherapy drug, so a medicine. Let's break down the definitions. I'm focusing on "dose" meaning a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time (sense 4), or the quantity of an active agent taken in at one time (sense 2).

Given that we are talking about cisplatin in the sentence, an anti-cancer drug which is definitely a medicine, the context seems pretty straightforward. The phrase indicates when other treatments are to be administered relative to administering the drug.

My immediate instinct, given the clinical context of administering a medication, is that sense 4, "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time," is the better fit. We're talking about giving anti-emetics and fluids *around* the administration of the *cisplatin*. The term dose in this context is referring to the amount administered, which is the amount of the medicine.

To double-check my reasoning, I'll go back to the definitions. Sense 4, the measured portion of medicine, seems to be a more specific use. Cisplatin, being an anticancer drug, is, for certain, a medicine. The alternative "quantity of an active agent" seems less precise in this specific clinical application of it.

So, concluding: the best interpretation of "dose" in this phrase is sense 4. "Dose" refers to the specific measured amount of the cisplatin medicine that is being administered, which lines up with the anti-emetic and fluids treatments being used alongside the drug.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: Treatment
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. <t>Treatment</t> should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
2. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
3. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased
4. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Treatment"**

Okay, so the word I'm focusing on here is "Treatment," and it's nestled within this sentence about managing Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. The surrounding context screams "medical" – blood counts, side effects, dose reductions… I'm instantly thinking about the patient and how to best help them.

Let's break down the possible senses. The first, "management of someone or something," that's a possibility, but doesn't feel right given the medical context. "Manner of dealing with something artistically" is clearly out. Extended communication? Nope. Now we're left with “care provided to improve a situation, especially medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness or injury." Bingo. *That's* the fit. "Treatment" in this context is undeniably referring to the therapeutic actions taken to address the patient's condition and manage the impact of the chemotherapy. It's about optimizing the medical intervention. This is all about the application of clinical knowledge to find the best course of action.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: delay
Target surface form: delayed
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be <t>delayed</t> or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=delay%2:42:00:: | definition=act later than planned, scheduled, or required | examples=Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered
2. sense_key=delay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=stay, detain | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
3. sense_key=delay%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to be slowed down or delayed | synonyms=detain, hold up | examples=Traffic was delayed by the bad weather; she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform
4. sense_key=delay%2:30:05:: | definition=slow the growth or development of | synonyms=check, retard | examples=The brain damage will retard the child's language development

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Delayed" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target word is "delayed" in the context of medical treatment. My first instinct is to consider the different senses of "delay" in WordNet. There are a few that seem relevant: putting something off, causing something to be slowed down, and stopping/halting something. The key is to figure out which best fits the sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued."

Initially, I leaned towards the sense of causing something to be slowed down or held up because that feels intuitive. The example "she delayed the work" seems to map well to "treatment should be delayed." However, the passive construction is making me reconsider things. Then I remember the definition of sense 1: "act later than planned, scheduled, or required."

Let's go back and examine the word "postpone," I want to make sure I am not missing any connections. The meaning of "postpone" in my mind and in the usage here, has to do with doing something at a later time.

The crucial difference seems to be the active versus passive construction of the sentence. Is it about actively slowing something down, or more about acting on a schedule later? Sense 1, "act later than planned, scheduled, or required," seems to fit better. It suggests that treatment is planned and scheduled, but due to something, we're going to act later. "Don't delay your application" and "Don't postpone your application" mean the same thing.

Looking at the synonyms for Sense 3, "detain, hold up," the examples like "Traffic was held up" don't quite align with "treatment." "Delayed or discontinued" – "discontinued" implies a complete stop. "Delayed" feels more like a temporary pause, a postponement.

I'm thinking now about "treatment should be delayed or discontinued", so the "delay" here means we act later, essentially, postponing the treatment. It's a planned action that's being shifted in time.

Comparing these cases, Sense 1: "act later than planned" seems like the most accurate choice. It directly captures the idea of a scheduled action being shifted in time, which fits the medical context, and is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discontinue
Target surface form: discontinued
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or <t>discontinued</t>, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
2. sense_key=discontinue%2:30:00:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, stop | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
3. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:01:: | definition=come to or be at an end | examples=the support from our sponsoring agency will discontinue after March 31

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Dissecting the Meaning of "Discontinued"**

Okay, so the target is "discontinued," the surface form of "discontinue." The context is medical: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued..." My initial thought is that "discontinued" means to stop the treatment.

Let's break down the candidate senses: "put an end to an activity" (sense 1), "prevent completion" (sense 2), or an intransitive sense. It's used passively here, "Treatment should be discontinued," implying we're stopping the treatment.

Is it sense 1 or sense 2? Is this like "stop the project" (prevent completion) or "quit teasing" (end an activity)? Treatment is *both* an activity and a process that could be "completed." I'll check WordNet.

WordNet gives sense 1 as "put an end to a state or an activity" and sense 2 as "prevent completion." The examples seem to fit.  "Quit teasing" clearly fits as it's an end to an action.  "Stop the project" works too because you are preventing it from completion.

But treatment is an ongoing activity. So I should focus on sense 1.  Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1 is stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off. Sense 2 is break, break off, stop. In medical contexts, "discontinue treatment" usually maps more closely to stopping an *activity* - sense 1.

I should check the objects of "discontinue" in WordNet. Sense 1 is transitive: "put an end to an activity."  It seems like a good fit for stopping a prescription, medication, or habit.  Though the gloss doesn't explicitly mention medication, "Treatment should be discontinued" - "treatment" is definitely an activity. I also check "prevent completion" and confirm that "break, break off, stop" apply to projects or negotiations, not quite treatment.

Let's look at the hierarchy in WordNet. "Discontinue" is a hyponym of "end, stop" (put an end to). The other sense is related to "terminate, end" (bring to an end or halt).

Thinking about "discontinue a medication," I'm really stopping the *activity* of taking that medication. It seems to fit sense 1.

Now, checking "discontinue" in the text, it says, "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued." Does this mean I am ending an activity (sense 1) or a project (sense 2)?  Sense 1 seems best because treatment is an activity.

Looking at "discontinue" and its synonyms in WordNet:
1. discontinue (put an end to a state or an activity)
2. break, break off, discontinue, stop (prevent completion)
3. discontinue (come to or be at an end)

If I discontinue treatment, am I stopping it before it finishes (sense 2)? Maybe, but it can be more like, "once every three weeks," an ongoing activity.  I'm stopping *the activity*. Sense 1, "put an end to an activity," seems broader and more appropriate.  It also aligns with the WordNet gloss.

Now, let's nail it. I’ll make my choice based on stopping the activity and look at the WordNet definition. Therefore, I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the <t>dose</t> reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
3. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Dose" in a Pharmaceutical Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at this passage concerning Alimta, and the word "dose" is tripping me up a little. The sentence reads, "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal..."  I need to nail down the precise meaning of "dose" here. Let's see... the text offers a few potential interpretations.

First, there's the broad definition – sense 1: "the quantity of an active agent taken in or absorbed at any one time." Then, there's sense 2, which I can immediately disregard. Sense 3 is: "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time." And finally, sense 4, which is irrelevant here.

Alright, the context here is Alimta, which is anticancer chemotherapy. That's key. Considering that, I'm leaning heavily towards sense 3 – "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time." It just makes more sense in the medical setting we're dealing with. The alternative, sense 1, while technically correct, is more general and doesn't quite capture the precision of a medication regime.

Let's confirm this by going back to the first instance of "dose" in the passage, which says "The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre..." Now, "the dose reduced" refers to the medicine itself. It confirms my initial judgement. Sense 3, "a measured portion of medicine," is definitely the most accurate and appropriate meaning in this context. Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduced
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose <t>reduced</t>, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
3. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
4. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
5. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
7. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
8. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
10. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
12. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
13. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
14. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
17. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
18. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
20. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Reduced" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "reduced," and the lemma is "reduce." The context is about adjusting medication dosage based on a patient's blood counts or side effects. My initial thought is that we're dealing with a reduction in the *amount* of something – specifically, the medicine dose.

Let's quickly run through the senses to see what fits best. Sense 1 is about lessening and making more modest, which *could* apply, but seems a little vague. Sense 9, "narrow or limit," doesn't quite resonate with dosage. Sense 12, "cut down on; make a reduction in," and its synonyms like "cut back" and "trim," sounds *spot on*. The examples, like "reduce your daily fat intake," mirror the concept of lessening something. Senses 16 (reduce in size) and 20 (make smaller) are in the right ball park. Sense 19 (reduce in scope) seems less applicable.

The object here is "the dose," and "reduce your daily fat intake" is strikingly similar to what we're looking at. "Cut down on the dose" or "make a reduction in the dose" are natural, intuitive fits for sense 12.

Just to be absolutely sure, let's verify. The sentence is "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced." Rephrasing it as "cut down on the dose" or "make a reduction in the dose" works flawlessly.

Finally, I'll briefly rule out other options. While sense 6 (lessen the strength or flavor) might be a component in altering a dose, the focus is quantity, not necessarily the potency or taste of a drug. Sense 12 is the only option that directly relates to decreasing an amount or quantity - which, in this case, is the dose. So, it's clear: sense 12 is the definitive fit for this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in <t>patients</t> whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Patients"**

Okay, here's the breakdown. The lemma I'm working with is "patient," and the surface form in this snippet is "patients." The context is pretty straightforward: "...Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."

Now, let's look at the candidate senses. The first, patient%1:18:00, is pretty spot-on: "a person who requires medical care." The second option, patient%1:10:00, is a bit more abstract – it's the "semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause." That's the linguistic definition.

Considering the surrounding text, and knowing the medicine being discussed (Alimta), it's overwhelmingly clear that we're talking about individuals receiving medical treatment. They're the recipients of care, which directly aligns with the medical sense. This isn't a case where we're delving into the grammatical function of "patients" in the sentence.

Therefore, the semantic role definition is irrelevant in this context. The medical sense, sense_index 1, is the clear winner. I'm going with that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blood_count
Target surface form: blood counts
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose <t>blood counts</t> are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blood_count%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample
2. sense_key=blood_count%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Lemma "Blood Count"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to pinpoint the correct meaning of "blood_count" in this sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." I see that the target lemma is "blood_count," and the system has presented me with two possible senses: one is the *act* of performing the count, and the other is the *result* – the number itself.

Now, let's break this down. The context mentions "blood counts are abnormal." Thinking through the clinical implications, it's clear the physician is concerned about the *result* of the count, that is the number of red and white blood cells, not the act of *measuring* them. We're concerned with whether the corpuscle levels are too high or low.

Therefore, after careful consideration of the context and the potential senses, I'm confident that sense 2, "the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample," is the correct interpretation here. It's a straightforward selection based on the clinical understanding of the term.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: abnormal
Target surface form: abnormal
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are <t>abnormal</t> or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:03:: | definition=departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal; an abnormal personality
2. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:00:: | definition=not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm | synonyms=unnatural | examples=abnormal powers of concentration; abnormal amounts of rain
3. sense_key=abnormal%5:00:00:immoderate:00 | definition=much greater than the normal | examples=abnormal profits; abnormal ambition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Abnormal" in Medical Context**

Okay, the target word is "abnormal," and the surrounding phrase is "...patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." Immediately, my brain starts to sift through the possible senses. We're dealing with medical terminology here, so I need to be precise.

I've got three main senses kicking around: one focusing on deviations in intelligence or development (like an "abnormal personality," which is clearly irrelevant here). Then there's the broad sense of "not normal" – atypical, unusual, not conforming to the norm. This one seems promising. Finally, there's the sense of being "much greater than normal," like "abnormal profits."

Thinking about "blood counts," sense 2 feels like the best fit. "Abnormal blood counts" inherently means they're outside of the expected, healthy range. In a context like this, dealing with side effects, "abnormal" likely indicates a deficiency or excess in specific blood components. We might be looking at leukopenia or neutropenia (low white blood cell count) or potentially low platelets, especially if we're dealing with chemotherapy. Sense 3, while conceptually valid, doesn't really work here. Blood counts being "much greater" isn't the primary concern in the majority of clinical scenarios that involve 'abnormal' blood counts. So, I'm going with sense 2 – "not normal" is the best interpretation in this case.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
2. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
3. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
4. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
5. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
6. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
9. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
10. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
13. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
14. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
15. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
16. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
17. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
18. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
19. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 12
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 12
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Have" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target is "have" in "patients who have certain other side effects," and my initial task is to pin down the most accurate sense from the list. Given my expertise, I'm already sifting through these senses, focusing on the clinical context. My gut reaction initially pulls me toward options like 'undergo' or 'suffer from,' given the medical framing of the sentence.

I started by looking at potential candidates. Sense 12, "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)", immediately grabbed my attention. The examples given, like "She suffered a fracture" and "He had an insulin shock," are spot-on for adverse conditions. My reasoning went as follows: if someone *has* a side effect, it's akin to *suffering* or *undergoing* an adverse event resulting from treatment or an illness. A side effect *is* an adverse reaction, so it is an *illness-like condition*.

I then compared it to sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)". While this could *feel* right on first glance, "experience vertigo" doesn't quite capture the nature of *side effects*, as compared to sense 12. And the sense 14, "suffer from; be ill with" sounded too on the nose; a side effect isn't a *disease* per se, it's an event or condition or reaction.

"Have" in this context is closer to the clinical use of the verb. It's more about experiencing or undergoing something adverse. Therefore, I zeroed in on sense 12. Using WordNet as an additional cross-check, the synonyms included "suffer, sustain, have, get", which were consistent with the meaning. I confirmed the fit with "He had an insulin shock", which is literally a side effect of insulin and is an adverse effect.

Comparing the "have side effects" and "have an insulin shock", sense 12 is a perfect fit. I checked sense 18, "have or possess", but this just wouldn't work; that doesn't capture the medical impact. While sense 14 isn't entirely wrong, it is less correct. Sense 12 is clearly the best and most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors
3. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
7. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Certain"**

Okay, so the target is "certain," and the surface form is, well, "certain." The context is: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." Hmm, it's modifying "other side effects" here. My initial thought is that "certain" means those side effects are *definite* but *not specifically named* in this particular sentence. They are likely described elsewhere.

Now, let's look at the candidate senses. We have:

1.  **definite but not specified or identified:** This seems promising, given my initial assessment. Examples support this: "set aside a *certain* sum" or "to a *certain* degree."
2.  **exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance:** This doesn't fit at all. This refers to being careful, and this is not applicable.
3.  **reliable in operation or effect:** Nope. This has to do with something trustworthy and is unrelated.
4.  **having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured:** No. This one relates to feeling sure, and is irrelevant.
5.  **established irrevocably:** This definition doesn't fit the context.
6.  **established beyond doubt or question; definitely known:** While related, this feels too strong. The side effects aren't necessarily *definitely known* here, just *definitely existing*.
7.  **certain to occur; destined or inevitable:** Not relevant to the context provided.

Okay, back to sense 1. The definition, "definite but not specified or identified," is a perfect fit. The "certain other side effects" are *specific* side effects, but the text is *not* naming them, either because it doesn't need to or because they're listed elsewhere, like in the prescribing information. This is definitely the correct sense, it's the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain <t>other</t> side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Other"**

Okay, so I'm looking at this use of "other" within the phrase "certain other side effects," specifically in relation to patients with abnormal blood counts. My mind immediately starts sifting through the possible senses of "other." We're not talking about something recently past like "the other evening," nor something strange or unusual like "a strange, other dimension." And it's not about a distant past either. No, the key here is in identifying the correct sense in which "other" is being used, which is sense 4.

The sentence explicitly references *other* side effects alongside the mention of abnormal blood counts. The crucial thing is that "other" denotes side effects that are distinct from, and in addition to, the abnormal blood counts. They are side effects *not* the same as those explicitly described, but existing alongside them. It’s the "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" sense. The word "other" functions here as a crucial separator to differentiate this group of symptoms or side-effects from those which have already been mentioned. This sense, number 4, is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other <t>side effects</t>. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Side Effects" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target term is "side effects," and the context is Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. That immediately narrows things down. My initial reaction is to consider the two senses the knowledge base offers: one a more general "unwanted secondary effect," the other a more specific "adverse effect of a drug or therapy."

Given that we're talking about a chemotherapy drug, "Alimta," it's pretty clear that sense 2 is the better fit. The text explicitly mentions things like abnormal blood counts and the need to adjust dosage or even discontinue treatment *because* of these effects. These aren't just any secondary consequences; they are, in this clinical context, directly related to the drug's action and often negative. So, focusing on the adverse nature of the effects of the treatment, the second sense is the obvious and appropriate choice here. The context makes the drug/therapy connection perfectly clear.