[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
2. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office
5. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Reasoning for "important" Sense Disambiguation**

Okay, the target is "important" in the sentence "Equally important, the initial discovery...". My initial thought is to consider the possible senses from WordNet. I'm presented with a few: a general sense of "of great significance or value," a more specific "important in effect or meaning," and a few others that are less likely here (influence, immodesty).

My first instinct is to zero in on senses 1 ("significant") and 5 ("of great significance or value") because they seem most relevant, given the context of a discovery. The phrase "Equally important" acts as an adverb or adjective describing the discovery's value. I start by considering if the phrase is meant to mean "equally *significant*," or "of equal *value*".

I pull up WordNet to see how these senses relate. There is that nagging feeling, the WordNet distinctions are sometimes subtle, and I want to be *sure* I am getting it correct. I go back and double check the senses and look at WordNet synsets for more clarity.

My intuition says it should be sense 5, which seems more general and fundamental. I check "equally important" in WordNet, hoping to find further guidance. I remind myself that "significant" *is* a synonym for sense 1 (important in effect or meaning), but the *core* sense seems to be "of great significance or value".

I think back to SemCor (Semantic Concordance) usage, which provides tagged examples of words in context. I recall that "important" generally defaults to the more fundamental sense (3:00:00::).

I read the relevant sentence again. "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field..." I parse the sentence carefully. "Significant" implies a change or a demonstrable effect, I think that a discovery is *inherently* of great significance.

I decide that the discovery is, *fundamentally*, of great significance or value, not just important in its effects. I'm going with sense 5!


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case
2. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
3. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
4. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the "Discovery" Sense**

Okay, so the target is "discovery" in this sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

My mind immediately starts sifting through the possible senses: a legal disclosure, a productive insight (a breakthrough), something that's been discovered, or the act of discovering. The phrase is "the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor," and that "made by" part is key.

My first thought is it's either the act of discovering (sense 4), or perhaps a productive insight (sense 2). It's probably NOT the *thing* discovered (sense 3). Let's see... WordNet gives examples for sense 4, like "the discovery of the new continent".

"Discovery of the gene… made by…" - that feels like the act or the finding, not the *thing* itself. I could rephrase it as "the initial act of discovering the gene...". Now, does "made by" fit "breakthrough"? No, it doesn't. You can't "make a breakthrough of [something]". I'd make a breakthrough *in* something.

Looking at "make a discovery" specifically reinforces sense 2 (insight) or sense 4 (act).  So, which is it here? The context is "the discovery of the gene… has opened a field".

Sense 4, "the act of discovering something," seems the most promising. "Discovery of the gene" generally refers to the act or the event of discovering.

Let's check the synonyms to be sure. Sense 2 (breakthrough, find), and sense 4 (find, uncovering).

"The initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor." I feel like it's clearly sense 4.  "Discovery of the gene".  You "make" a discovery. Can you "make" an act?  Yes, you *perform* an act, so it works. The collocation with "make" here implies that we're talking about performing the act.

Let's see if that holds. "discovery of the gene" = "uncovering of the gene"? Yes. "The initial uncovering of the gene... made by..." works. What about "insight"? "the initial productive insight of the gene... made by…" - it doesn't really fit, grammatically.

"discovery of [entity]" suggests the *act* of discovering that entity. That fits better. I keep coming back to sense 4.

Just to be absolutely sure, let's revisit the definitions. Sense 2: a productive insight. Sense 3: something that is discovered. Sense 4: the act of discovering something.

Okay, "The initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor". It definitely means the *act* of finding the gene.  It's Sense 4. "Of the gene" connects directly to the verb form ("discover the gene"), and that points firmly to the *event* reading (sense 4). I am confident.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: controls
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%2:41:02:: | definition=check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard | synonyms=verify | examples=Are you controlling for the temperature?
2. sense_key=control%2:31:00:: | definition=have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of | synonyms=master | examples=Do you control these data?
3. sense_key=control%2:35:00:: | definition=handle and cause to function | synonyms=operate | examples=do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol; control the lever
4. sense_key=control%2:41:01:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
5. sense_key=control%2:41:00:: | definition=exercise authoritative control or power over | synonyms=command | examples=control the budget; Command the military forces
6. sense_key=control%2:37:06:: | definition=control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage | synonyms=manipulate, keep in line | examples=She manipulates her boss; She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up
7. sense_key=control%2:31:01:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
8. sense_key=control%2:31:11:: | definition=verify by using a duplicate register for comparison | examples=control an account

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Reasoning on the Sense of "Controls"**

Okay, so the target is "controls" in "the gene that controls retinal cell growth." My initial thought is that the gene *dictates*, *regulates*, or *exercises power* over the growth. I need to be precise, so I'm running through the senses of "control" in my mental dictionary.

I'm initially considering sense 1 which is "check or regulate a scientific experiment." Nope, not it. Then sense 2, which is "have a firm understanding or knowledge of," definitely not it. Sense 3, "handle and cause to function," is clearly wrong.

Sense 4, "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits" is interesting, particularly because this is a tumor-suppressor gene. It *could* mean it's holding growth in check, suppressing it. Sense 5 is "exercise authoritative control or power over," which seems plausible given the general context of gene function. Sense 6 is "manipulate," no, and sense 7 "be careful or certain to do something" and sense 8 "verify by using a duplicate register," no, those are all wrong.

The specific context of the "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene" makes sense 4 initially tempting, because it's suppressing tumor growth, limiting the cell growth. But, I am aware that genes *generally* "control" growth in a broader sense of *directing* or *regulating*. WordNet often uses "exercise authoritative control or power over" for gene functions. It's a general sense.

So, let's look at sense 5 again: "exercise authoritative control or power over." This seems correct, given that a gene controls a process or a phenotype. If it's "regulate," let's go check the synset for "regulate". Does "exercise authoritative control or power over" mean "regulate?" Yes, it does.

If it were to mean regulate, would sense 5 be best. Let's see if another sense is a better fit.
1. Nope.
2. Nope.
3. Nope.
4. Yes, but is it the *best* fit? It holds cell growth in check because it is a tumor-suppressor gene.
If the meaning is *regulate* then it is *control%2:41:00::*.

Sense 4 might make sense if the focus is the suppression.
Genes that determine traits. The general sense is 5.

So, let me search for "gene controls" in standard sense mappings. Usually, it's mapped to "exercise authoritative control or power over".

I'm leaning toward sense 5 now because in biological regulation, "control" is typically the general "control" sense. The gene *has power over* cell growth. But sense 4, might be intended if the focus is suppression.

I'm now confident that my best interpretation is that a "gene controls" means, in this context, *exercise authoritative control or power over*, which is sense 5. I will choose 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell
3. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
4. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
5. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Cell"**

Okay, so the target is "cell", same surface form, easy enough. The context, "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth...", is pretty clear. "Retinal cell growth" is screaming "biology" at me, specifically relating to the biological cells within the retina. Let's see how well the senses match up.

Alright, the contenders are: a small compartment, a prison cell, the biological definition (which, as we know, is the basic structural and functional unit), a device for electric current, a small political unit, a cellular telephone, and a monastic cell.

Given the context of *retinal cell growth* the senses don't really compete with each other. This is straightforward: Sense 3, the biological definition, is the absolute lock for this particular usage. No other option fits, which is good. That's one less ambiguous word to worry about today!


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
5. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
6. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

source: unavailable

error_kind: ServiceUnavailableError

error_message:
litellm.ServiceUnavailableError: GeminiException - {
  "error": {
    "code": 503,
    "message": "This model is currently experiencing high demand. Spikes in demand are usually temporary. Please try again later.",
    "status": "UNAVAILABLE"
  }
}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
2. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
3. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
4. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
5. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
6. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
7. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
8. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
10. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
11. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
12. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
13. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
14. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
15. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
16. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
17. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
18. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
19. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
20. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
21. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
22. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
23. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
24. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
25. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
26. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
27. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
28. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
29. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
30. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
31. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
32. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
33. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
34. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
35. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
36. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
37. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
38. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
39. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
40. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
41. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
44. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
45. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
46. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
47. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
48. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
49. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Made" in Context**

Okay, so I need to pinpoint the right WordNet sense for "made" in this sentence: "...the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor..." It's clearly the past participle of "make" used passively – Thaddeus Dryja *made* the discovery. I'm looking for the sense of "make" that aligns with "make a discovery."

First, I quickly review the potential senses. Sense 2, "perform or carry out" with examples like "make a decision," immediately jumps out. It seems like a perfect fit, but I need to be thorough. Sense 12, "carry out or commit" (make a mistake), and Sense 47, "engage in" (make an effort), don't seem right. Let's see...

I'm thinking about the collocation "make a discovery." Yes, that's it! "Make a discovery" is akin to "perform or carry out" an action.  It's the "light verb" usage of "make." Let's check other options to be sure. Sense 26, "create/cause to be," no; Sense 41, "formulate in mind," either. It's definitely sense 2: (make%2:36:12::). The examples, "make a decision" and "make a move", are all actions, so the use of "make" as a light verb seems applicable.

Okay, let's nail this down. What's the best definition? Ah, WordNet lists a "make a decision" under that definition. Perfect. Let's check one more time. The idea is to “perform” an action. “Make a move” is another example of a light verb used in that sense. And I'm checking it again: *Make a discovery*. That's correct.

Let's do a quick scan to be certain:

1.  Be changed
2.  Perform, carry out -> DEFINITELY
3.  Amount to
4.  Constitute
5.  Earn
6.  Give properties
7.  Calculate
8.  Organize
9.  Cause to do
10. Construct
11. Gather/light
12. Commit
13. Develop into
14. Neaten
15. Assure success
16. Acquire
17. Manufacture
18. Cause to happen
19. Be suitable
20. Behave
21. Begin
22. Create artistically
23. Head into
24. Reach in time
25. Fabricate
26. Create/cause
27. Defecate
28. Reach a destination
29. Make enjoyable
30. Compose/represent
31. Design
32. Seduce
33. Charge with function
34. Enact
35. Urinate
36. Form
37. Add up to
38. Compel
39. Change form
40. Proceed
41. Formulate in mind
42. Pretend
43. Achieve a goal
44. Cook
45. Reach goal
46. Shape
47. Engage in
48. Consider as being
49. Favor development

Nope, no other sense fits as well as Sense 2. I'm confident. The noun "discovery" represents an action and when the word "make" is used with the word "discovery", it acts like a "light verb" for the action. "Make a discovery" is equivalent to "discover", so Sense 2, "perform or carry out" (make%2:36:12::), is the definitive answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: doctor
Target surface form: doctor
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston <t>doctor</t> named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=doctor%1:18:00:: | definition=a licensed medical practitioner | synonyms=doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico | examples=I felt so bad I went to see my doctor
2. sense_key=doctor%1:04:00:: | definition=children take the roles of physician or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the physician's office | examples=the children explored each other's bodies by playing the game of doctor
3. sense_key=doctor%1:18:02:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching | synonyms=Doctor of the Church | examples=the Doctors of the Church greatly influenced Christian thought down to the late Middle Ages
4. sense_key=doctor%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution | synonyms=Dr. | examples=she is a doctor of philosophy in physics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Doctor"**

Okay, the target word is "doctor." The context mentions a "Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" in relation to a gene discovery. My initial thought is that "doctor" here likely refers to a medical practitioner, specifically a physician or MD. Thaddeus Dryja is a medical researcher, which strongly suggests he is a medical doctor.

However, I need to be precise. The word "doctor" has multiple meanings. It could refer to a medical doctor (sense 1), or someone with a PhD (sense 4). Thinking critically, given the context of a medical discovery, the usage strongly leans towards "physician" or "medical practitioner." I recall that Thaddeus Dryja was an ophthalmologist – a medical doctor. Yes, he is an MD. The phrase "Boston doctor" is very likely pointing towards a medical practitioner here. Considering this, sense 1 is the better fit. Therefore, I will define "doctor" as a "licensed medical practitioner."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: named
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor <t>named</t> Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%2:41:01:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
2. sense_key=name%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
3. sense_key=name%2:32:04:: | definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
4. sense_key=name%2:32:07:: | definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
5. sense_key=name%2:32:03:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
6. sense_key=name%2:32:09:: | definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
7. sense_key=name%2:31:00:: | definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose
8. sense_key=name%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
9. sense_key=name%2:32:02:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Lemma "Named"**

Okay, so the target lemma here is "name," but the surface form I'm dealing with is "named." The context is: "...made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened..." My initial impression, of course, is that "named" here means "having the name," or "called." It's the past participle of the verb "name," used adjectivally. The verb "name," in this case, implies assigning a proper name, or, more specifically in this context, "by the name of," which stems from the concept of assigning or giving a name to something or someone.

Now, let's look at the candidate senses. I've got:

1.  name%2:41:01:: charge with a function
2.  name%2:41:00:: create and charge with a task
3.  name%2:32:04:: make reference to
4.  name%2:32:07:: mention and identify by name
5.  name%2:32:03:: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
6.  name%2:32:09:: list
7.  name%2:31:00:: diagnose
8.  name%2:31:01:: identify as in botany
9.  name%2:32:02:: give the name or identifying characteristics of

The phrase "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" clearly means "a doctor who is named [called] Thaddeus Dryja." Sense 5, "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" seems to be the best fit. It’s about assigning a name to the doctor.

Let me double-check. "A Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" translates to "a Boston doctor [who is] named Thaddeus Dryja." He *was* assigned that name. The synonym "call" works perfectly here as well: "a Boston doctor called Thaddeus Dryja."

Yep, sense 5 it is. I'm confident. The correct sense is **name%2:32:03::**.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: open
Target surface form: opened
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has <t>opened</t> a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=open%2:30:01:: | definition=become available | synonyms=open up | examples=an opportunity opened up
2. sense_key=open%2:35:08:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread, spread out | examples=open the map; spread your arms
3. sense_key=open%2:33:00:: | definition=make the opening move | examples=Kasparov opened with a standard opening
4. sense_key=open%2:42:00:: | definition=have an opening or passage or outlet | examples=The bedrooms open into the hall
5. sense_key=open%2:40:04:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, give | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
6. sense_key=open%2:30:00:: | definition=make available | synonyms=open up | examples=This opens up new possibilities
7. sense_key=open%2:35:06:: | definition=become open | synonyms=open up | examples=The door opened
8. sense_key=open%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to open or to become open | synonyms=open up | examples=Mary opened the car door
9. sense_key=open%2:41:00:: | definition=start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning | synonyms=open up | examples=open a business
10. sense_key=open%2:41:01:: | definition=begin or set in action, of meetings, speeches, recitals, etc. | examples=He opened the meeting with a long speech
11. sense_key=open%2:39:10:: | definition=display the contents of a file or start an application as on a computer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Opened"**

Okay, so the target word is "opened" within the phrase "...has opened a field of cancer study...". My initial thought is to run through the possible senses in my head. There are a few, so I need to be precise. Let's see... we've got "become available," which is intransitive. That's a no-go here. Then there's the more physical "spread out or open from a closed state," also unlikely. "Make the opening move," no, doesn't fit the context. "Have an opening or passage or outlet" - again, doesn't quite click. "Afford access to" - maybe? "Make available" is the strongest contender, especially as a transitive verb. There's also "start to operate or function" like opening a business, and "begin or set in action," like opening a meeting.

Given the context, "has opened a field of cancer study," the transitive "make available" is the best fit. It means the discovery *made* this field of study accessible or possible. That's analogous to how a discovery "opens up" new possibilities, which is a common phrase. Let's double-check. The idea of "starting a field" is not explicitly defined, but the "make available" seems to fit "open up a field".

Let's quickly verify. If I replace "opened a field of cancer study" with "opens up new possibilities", it works grammatically and semantically. Synonyms like "open up" solidify this choice. Let's go through the rest and rule them out. Opening a business (Sense 9) or a meeting (Sense 10) don't apply. Physical opening (Sense 8) or spreading out (Sense 2) is clearly irrelevant. The other candidate isn't applicable either.

So, I'm going with sense 6: "make available." It's transitive and the context fits perfectly. This whole process reinforces the importance of carefully choosing the proper word sense. The subtle nuances can drastically alter the meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of <t>cancer</t> study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
2. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Cancer"**

Okay, so the target is "cancer" and it appears exactly as "cancer" in the text. Let's see... the sentence mentions "retinal cell growth," which, alarmingly, the text is framing as something negative, the mentions of "tumor", and then casually, "National Cancer Institute." It's pretty clear this is a medical context.

Now, let's consider the senses. We have: a crab (the genus), the zodiac sign, the constellation, the malignant tumor sense, and the astrological person sense. Given the surrounding information, and my expertise, option number four – the malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal cell division – *perfectly* aligns. No ambiguity here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in <t>recent</t> months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Recent"**

Okay, so the task is to decipher the meaning of "recent" in the phrase "in recent months has exploded." My initial scan flags a couple of senses: one connected to "newness" and another tied to "the immediate past." Let's break it down.

The phrase "recent graduates" exemplifies the "new" sense, and that's sense 1. But "recent months" - that's clearly about *time*. It's not about being newly created, but belonging to the immediate past - the months directly preceding the present. Sense 2, "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time," is the perfect fit. The context is undeniably temporal. So, sense index 2 is the way to go here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent <t>months</t> has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Months" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "months," the plural of "month," and the context is "...which in recent months has exploded." My initial thought is to consider the two main senses in WordNet: calendar month and a time unit of roughly 30 days. "Recent months" could be interpreted either way, but the phrase's common usage gives me a clue.

"In recent months" is typically used to describe a period of time, which leans me towards the time-unit sense (sense 2). If I were talking about a specific calendar month, like October, I'd say "last month." So, my initial inclination is that "recent months" refers to the last few time periods of around 30 days. I'm focusing on "recent" being a modifier of a period. However, I need to be careful; "recent" *could* modify calendar months.

To clarify, let's look at the WordNet examples. "He paid the bill last month" clearly refers to a specific calendar month (sense 1), but "He was given a month to pay the bill" is a time duration (sense 2). Thinking about the plural form, "in recent months" almost definitely points to a span of time. Like if I were to say "for three months," I clearly intend a time period, that leans me even further towards sense 2.

Now, let's double-check. "Recent months" could, in principle, mean the last few calendar months, as in, January, February, and March. But the typical usage of "in recent months" is to denote a period. My mind is jumping to SemCor annotations for "recent months." In my experience, the sense for "months" here is usually sense 2, as a time unit.

Let's look at the context directly, "which in recent months has exploded." Does that mean that the thing has exploded in terms of the past three calendar months? Or, that the thing has exploded over a period of time? Surely a period of time. It's likely a period of the last few periods of 30 days.

I'm solidifying my argument. Consider "he was given a month to pay the bill", that's sense 2 (time unit). Also, that sentence "which in recent months has exploded" likely means sense 2.

Let's think further about "calendar month" vs "time unit". I should consult WordNet 3.0: month%1:28:01:: refers to the calendar month, and month%1:28:00:: is the time unit.

Let's bring in outside information from SemCor. In SemCor, "recent months" is usually linked to month%1:28:00::, as a time unit. I've seen examples of this before. For example, "in recent months", in a separate text, is linked to month%1:28:00::. Similarly, "two months old" points to the time unit, confirming my inclination.

Given all of this, I'm confident that sense 2, the time unit, is the correct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explode
Target surface form: exploded
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has <t>exploded</t>. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explode%2:32:02:: | definition=cause to burst as a result of air pressure; of stop consonants like /p/, /t/, and /k/
2. sense_key=explode%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy by exploding | examples=The enemy exploded the bridge
3. sense_key=explode%2:30:00:: | definition=burst outward, usually with noise | synonyms=burst | examples=The champagne bottle exploded
4. sense_key=explode%2:32:00:: | definition=drive from the stage by noisy disapproval
5. sense_key=explode%2:30:02:: | definition=increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=irrupt | examples=The population of India is exploding; The island's rodent population irrupted
6. sense_key=explode%2:31:01:: | definition=show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete
7. sense_key=explode%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to burst with a violent release of energy | synonyms=detonate, blow up, set off | examples=We exploded the nuclear bomb
8. sense_key=explode%2:31:00:: | definition=show a violent emotional reaction | examples=The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary
9. sense_key=explode%2:30:03:: | definition=be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise | synonyms=burst forth, break loose | examples=His anger exploded
10. sense_key=explode%2:30:04:: | definition=burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction | synonyms=detonate, blow up | examples=the bomb detonated at noon; The Molotov cocktail exploded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Exploded"**

Okay, the target word is "exploded," and the context is about a field of cancer study. My initial instinct is that this means rapid growth, but I need to be precise. Let's consider the senses.

We have a range of options, from literal explosions to more figurative meanings. Immediately, senses related to bursting or destruction, like "cause to burst as a result of air pressure" or "destroy by exploding," feel incorrect. Same goes for those related to violent release or theatrical exits.

Sense 5, "increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner," jumps out. It's almost perfect. The field of cancer study has "exploded," meaning it has grown quickly. I am however slightly hesitant about "uncontrolled manner" in relation to a field of study, but I'm remembering this is a metaphorical usage. Let's see...

I'll confirm the potential sense:
"explode%2:30:02:: | definition=increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=irrupt | examples=The population of India is exploding; The island's rodent population irrupted"
That checks out. It's a standard sense for rapid growth of a field, population, and so on.

Let's do a complete review of all the options to be certain.
Sense 5, "increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner" is the best fit for rapid growth or proliferation.
I'll verify: "opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."
This translates directly to the field having grown/increased rapidly.
The match with Sense 5 is perfect.
"increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner" is the right interpretation here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn_out
Target surface form: turns out
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It <t>turns out</t> that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn_out%2:30:00:: | definition=come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons | examples=How many people turned out that evening?
2. sense_key=turn_out%2:40:03:: | definition=outfit or equip, as with accessories | examples=The actors were turned out lavishly
3. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:02:: | definition=result or end | synonyms=come out | examples=How will the game turn out?
4. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:00:: | definition=bring forth, | synonyms=bear | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year; The unidentified plant bore gorgeous flowers
5. sense_key=turn_out%2:41:03:: | definition=come and gather for a public event | examples=Hundreds of thousands turned out for the anti-war rally in New York
6. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:00:: | definition=put out or expel from a place | synonyms=eject, chuck out, exclude, turf out, boot out | examples=The unruly student was excluded from the game
7. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch | synonyms=switch off, cut, turn off | examples=Turn off the stereo, please; cut the engine
8. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:00:: | definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=prove, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
9. sense_key=turn_out%2:38:00:: | definition=turn outward | synonyms=splay, spread out, rotate | examples=These birds can splay out their toes; ballet dancers can rotate their legs out by 90 degrees
10. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:01:: | definition=produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery | examples=This factory turns out saws
11. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:01:: | definition=prove to be in the result or end | examples=It turns out that he was right
12. sense_key=turn_out%2:29:00:: | definition=get up and out of bed | synonyms=get up, arise, uprise, rise | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day; They rose early

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 11
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 11
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Turns Out"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to disambiguate "turns out" in this sentence: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights..." My first step is to bring up the candidate senses from the lexicon. Let's see... we have quite a few: coming to an event, equipping someone, resulting or ending, bringing forth, gathering, expelling, switching off, turning outward, producing, and a few more. Hmm, quite a mixed bag.

Let's focus on the likely candidates based on the surface form "turns out". I see a few that might fit, but the critical ones seem to be senses 8 and 11. Sense 11, "prove to be in the result or end", jumps out right away: "It turns out that he was right." Perfect. The impersonal "it" followed by a "that" clause fits the syntactic structure of the provided example flawlessly.

Now, let's just make sure sense 8, "be shown or be found to be", is considered. The example is, "The medicine turned out to save her life", and that's not quite the same. It is related to proving or turning up, but the wording and syntactic structure is off. "The medicine turns out to save her life" vs. "It turns out that studying..." is quite different. The sentence structure aligns with sense 11 much more closely. "It turns out that..." signals a conclusion revealed as a result of something. Therefore, sense 11 is the clear winner here. My analysis concludes that the intended meaning of "turns out" in the provided context is "prove to be in the result or end".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studying
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that <t>studying</t> a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study
3. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
4. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
5. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
6. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Studying" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "study" in the form "studying," and the context is about research on a rare tumor. My initial thought process is to run through the potential senses. Let's see... we've got the usual suspects: analyzing something in detail, meditating, learning from books, giving something careful consideration, being a student, and being a student of a specific subject.

Given the phrase "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor," the most likely candidate immediately jumps out at me: sense 1, "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning." The synonyms listed – *analyze, examine, canvass* – feel spot-on for scientific research.

Let's do a quick reality check. If I substitute "analyze" or "examine" into the sentence, does it make sense? "It turns out that *analyzing/examining* a tragic but uncommon tumor..."? Absolutely. It perfectly captures the scientific endeavor of investigating something to gain knowledge. Sense 4, "give careful consideration to," doesn't quite fit the bill here; the researchers are actively delving into the tumor, not just pondering it.

Therefore, considering the context, I'm confident that sense 1, "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning," is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tragic
Target surface form: tragic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a <t>tragic</t> but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tragic%5:00:00:sad:00 | definition=very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction | synonyms=tragical | examples=a tragic face; a tragic plight
2. sense_key=tragic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy | examples=tragic hero

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Tragic" in Context**

Okay, so the task at hand is to determine the correct sense of "tragic" as it's used in this sentence. The target lemma and surface form are identical, which simplifies things. The context is this quote about a tumor: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer," which gives us a bit to work with.

Looking at the candidate senses, we have: "very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction" and "of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy." The phrase "tragic but uncommon tumor" is key here. Given my expertise, I immediately lean towards the first sense, the sadness/grief interpretation. We are talking about a tumor, which inherently suggests illness and potential death. The word "tragic" is used to describe the unfortunate nature of this uncommon tumor. Sense two, relating to the literary genre, doesn't really fit the description of a tumor. Therefore, the first sense is the clear winner here. It's a tumor that causes grief and sadness, not necessarily a topic for a tragedy.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: uncommon
Target surface form: uncommon
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but <t>uncommon</t> tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 | definition=marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; -J.R.Lowell | synonyms=rare | examples=what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill
2. sense_key=uncommon%3:00:00:: | definition=not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind | examples=uncommon birds; frost and floods are uncommon during these months

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Uncommon" in the Context of a Tumor**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "uncommon," specifically within the phrase "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor...". My immediate thought is, this implies the tumor is *rare*, not something you'd see every day.

Now, let's drill down into the senses. I'm seeing two definitions: the first, *uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00*, talks about an "uncommon quality," almost superlative or extreme. Think "rare skill," or "a rare day." The second, *uncommon%3:00:00::*, is far more fitting: "not common or ordinarily encountered," something "unusually great in amount" or remarkable in kind. Examples are "uncommon birds," or "frost and floods are uncommon."

Given the "uncommon tumor" context, that second sense just *clicks*. It's a direct mapping: "uncommon birds" translates perfectly to "uncommon tumor" – meaning it's not ordinary, not commonly encountered in clinical practice.

Hold on, I recall "rare cancer" was mentioned earlier in the text. Is there a distinction here? Let's go back to the definitions... the second sense, the "not ordinarily encountered" one, really hits the mark. It's the core meaning. The first sense, "extraordinary," is about a superlative. We're not talking about a tumor being *extraordinary*, but rather *rare*.

So, "uncommon tumor" translates to "not ordinarily encountered," which points directly to Sense 2. Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
2. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
3. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
4. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
5. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
6. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
7. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
8. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
9. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
10. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
11. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
12. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
13. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
15. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
16. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
17. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
18. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
19. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
22. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
23. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
24. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
25. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
26. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
27. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
28. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
29. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
30. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
31. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
32. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
33. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
34. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
35. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
36. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
37. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
38. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
39. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
40. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
43. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
44. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
45. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
46. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
47. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
48. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
49. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 36}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 36}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Made Possible"**

Okay, so the sentence is "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor *made possible* some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer." The target is "made," and specifically the phrase "made possible." I need to determine the sense of "make" here.

First thought: is it "make or cause to be or to become"? That's sense 47. But... no, that would take a noun phrase directly after "make." Like "make a mess."

Ah! Here we go. "Give certain properties to something." That's sense 36. This works! This is where we're at: "studying a tumor *made some insights possible*." That's the heavy NP shift. It's essentially "give the property 'possible' to some fundamental insights".

So it's not about "cause to happen" (sense 26) either, or “create” (sense 47). It's giving the property of being "possible" to the "fundamental insights". Looking at the examples, like "get someone mad" or "make us look silly," this is a perfect fit. The structure is V + NP + Adj, and with the shift, V + Adj + NP. It's about "giving" the property "possible".

Let me quickly eliminate others: "cause to do" (sense 13) doesn't work, because "possible" is an adjective, not a verb.

And now I have the definition. This "made possible" phrase is just a common sense.

**Final Analysis: Sense 36, "Give certain properties to something."**


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made <t>possible</t> some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Possible" Lemma**

Okay, so the target is "possible," and the surface form is, well, "possible." The context is "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..." My initial thought is to run through the senses. I've got two candidates: "capable of happening or existing" (like, "a breakthrough may be possible") and "existing in possibility" – the potential sense (as in, "a potential problem").

Now, looking specifically at "made possible," it feels like the first sense fits better. "Made possible" clearly implies that the studying *enabled* the insights to *happen* or *come into existence*. The second sense focuses on inherent "potential," but the context is about an action – something that the tumor study *did*. It *made* something *capable* of existing.

Hang on... "made possible" is an idiom, isn't it? But, the literal meaning is, as I thought, "made it capable of happening/existing." So it's not "potential insights," but insights that were *enabled* to come about. Sense 1 is the clear winner here.