[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discussion
Target surface form: Discussion
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific <t>Discussion</t> (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discussion%1:10:00:: | definition=an exchange of views on some topic | synonyms=give-and-take, word | examples=we had a good discussion; we had a word or two about it
2. sense_key=discussion%1:10:02:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=treatment, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Choosing the Right Sense of "Discussion"**

Okay, so I'm looking at "discussion" in the context of "Scientific Discussion," which, if I understand correctly, is part of the EPAR. Right away, I see two potential meanings. Candidate 1 sounds like a general "exchange of views," like a conversation – "give-and-take," you know? We had a good *discussion*. But Candidate 2, now *that* seems more promising. It's about an "extended communication," and often written, dealing with a specific topic. Think a book's *discussion* of modal logic.

Now, let's compare them directly. The first sense, the conversational one, just doesn't fit the bill. "Scientific Discussion" refers to a section within a report, a written document, an extended communication exploring the scientific basis of those CHMP recommendations. It's a structured presentation of information and argument. The second sense, though? It's a *perfect* match. It perfectly aligns with what I understand "Scientific Discussion" to represent.

Therefore, after careful consideration, I will choose Candidate 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also <t>part</t> of the EPAR). What is Alimta?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
2. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
3. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
4. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
5. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
6. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
8. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
9. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
10. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
11. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
12. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Part" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "part," and the sentence is "read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR)." My task is to determine the correct sense of "part" based on the context. The key is "EPAR," which I know is a European Public Assessment Report – a document, therefore an artifact. I'm given several senses to consider.

I immediately focus on the senses that relate to division or inclusion because the phrase "part of" strongly suggests a part-whole relationship. Senses 7 and 8 seem most promising. Sense 7 ("one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole") speaks of *sections* – "the written part of the exam" as an example. Sense 8 ("something determined in relation to something that includes it") suggests *components* or constituents – "a portion of the manuscript."

I recognize that the EPAR is likely broken down into sections: Scientific Discussion, Package Leaflet, etc. So, initially, Sense 7, the "section" sense, seems a good fit. I then think about "also part of" -- the crucial phrase.

The examples given in the senses help me clarify. "The written *part* of the exam" suggests Sense 7 (section), but I'm looking at "also *part* of the EPAR". If I substitute "component" or "section" in the sentence, it clarifies. I check the synonyms. Sense 7 includes "section, division." Sense 8 has "portion, component part, component, constituent."

I note that "part" is used without the article "a" in this context: "also *part* of the EPAR." This is common when expressing a part-whole relationship.

I consider the examples in sense 7 and 8, which point to the key distinction: if it's the section or division, or the component. I weigh both carefully: is the Scientific Discussion being *regarded as divided* into sections, or is it a *constituent of* the larger document? Considering that "part of" expresses inclusion.

Then I double-check the synonym "component". The Scientific Discussion *is* a component of the EPAR, as is the Package Leaflet. It really fits sense 8. The phrase "also part of" is expressing a part-whole relation.

I make the connection that "is part of" corresponds to the relation sense (noun.relation), sense 8. I verify with the WordNet definition for relation: "part, portion, component part, component, constituent." So, "part" used in the phrase "part of the EPAR" implies being included within a larger whole. I even double-check examples from sense 8, comparing them to those of sense 7.

I reconsider sense 7. "read the Scientific Discussion (also *a section* of the EPAR)". It's a section, I know. But it's also a component. So, I weigh: is the main concept section or component? And in "also part of," part is about inclusion.

I notice that "part" without an article is typical for sense 8 (relation).

I think back: EPAR is a written report, a *cognition* object, an artifact, something created by a human. Is the scientific discussion then, as a division, a *written part*, an artifact? Or a component relationally? I check "part%1:24:00::" vs "part%1:09:00::".

I have considered a phrase: "*a* part of the EPAR." Is this a component?

Then I realize, in "also part of the EPAR", part operates as the *status* of the scientific discussion to the whole. Meaning "component of."

Ultimately, the best fit is sense 8. My final answer is sense 8.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: powder
Target surface form: powder
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a <t>powder</t> that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=powder%1:27:00:: | definition=a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized | synonyms=pulverization, pulverisation
2. sense_key=powder%1:27:01:: | definition=a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks | synonyms=gunpowder
3. sense_key=powder%1:06:01:: | definition=any of various cosmetic or medical preparations dispensed in the form of a pulverized powder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Powder" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "powder," and the surface form matches. The context describes "Alimta" as a powder used to make a solution for infusion, a medicine containing pemetrexed.

Let's look at the candidate senses. I see a general definition of powder as a pulverized solid (sense 1), gunpowder (sense 2), and then something interesting: sense 3, "any of various cosmetic or medical preparations dispensed in the form of a pulverized powder."

Given that Alimta is a *medicine*, and the context explicitly mentions a "powder that is made up into a solution," sense 3 seems like the most promising fit. It's a medical preparation in powdered form!

I'll just double-check that first sense, though, just to be sure. It's more general, though, describing powder as just any pulverized solid. Sense 3, specifically mentions *medical* preparations. Right, sense 3 is definitely the strongest match. Alimta is, without a doubt, a medical preparation.

Therefore, my final conclusion is that sense 3 is the correct meaning for "powder" in this context. It's spot on!


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: solution
Target surface form: solution
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a <t>solution</t> for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solution%1:04:00:: | definition=the successful action of solving a problem | examples=the solution took three hours
2. sense_key=solution%1:14:00:: | definition=the set of values that give a true statement when substituted into an equation | synonyms=root
3. sense_key=solution%1:27:00:: | definition=a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution | examples=he used a solution of peroxide and water
4. sense_key=solution%1:09:00:: | definition=a method for solving a problem | examples=the easy solution is to look it up in the handbook
5. sense_key=solution%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=answer, result, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Solution" in the Medical Context**

Okay, the word in question is "solution," and we're looking at it within a medical context: "Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein)."  Let's break down the possible senses: we've got the general idea of a problem being solved, the mathematical sense, a specific "mixture" type which seems promising, a more general "method," and finally a specific "statement" of an answer.

Given the phrase "powder that is made up *into* a solution" and then the immediate clarification of it being for an "infusion," it's instantly obvious that the relevant meaning has to be that of a homogeneous mixture – sense 3. The powder is being *dissolved* or mixed into a liquid to create something that can be administered intravenously. The other meanings just don't fit the physical description. I am familiar with the term solution in a pharmacuetical context and this one is the most obviously appropriate.

Therefore, the correct sense, as far as I can tell is the mixture sense, defined as `solution%1:27:00::`, which should be indexed as 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: infusion
Target surface form: infusion
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for <t>infusion</t> (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=infusion%1:27:00:: | definition=a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water) | synonyms=extract
2. sense_key=infusion%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of infusing or introducing a certain modifying element or quality | examples=the team's continued success is attributable to a steady infusion of new talent
3. sense_key=infusion%1:04:00:: | definition=(medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)
4. sense_key=infusion%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Infusion" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the word I need to define is "infusion," and it's being used in a medical setting, specifically with Alimta, a drug that's administered as a solution "dripped into a vein." My initial approach is to consider the possible meanings of "infusion" and see which one fits best. I'll go through the likely senses and see what they mean:

*   **Sense 1:** Sounds like a tea-making process. Definitely not it.
*   **Sense 2:** This is about introducing something, but not necessarily a liquid or passive action. This is vague and I don't think it's the sense here.
*   **Sense 3:** Ah, this one is looking promising! It is directly about the "passive introduction of a substance...into a vein". This aligns very well with the text's description of "drip into a vein". That's very telling.
*   **Sense 4:** This has to do with extraction, the opposite of the context. No good.

Based on this, Sense 3 is the clear winner. The language in the sentence, "drip into a vein" directly correlates with the description of Sense 3. Therefore, I'm confident that Sense 3 is the correct meaning here. It's the best indexed sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drip
Target surface form: drip
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (<t>drip</t> into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drip%2:35:10:: | definition=let or cause to fall in drops | synonyms=dribble, drop | examples=dribble oil into the mixture
2. sense_key=drip%2:38:00:: | definition=fall in drops | examples=Water is dripping from the faucet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Drip" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target word is "drip" within the phrase "...into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein)." Immediately, my mind jumps to the possible senses: "let or cause to fall in drops" and "fall in drops." The medical context of "infusion" is key here.

First, I need to establish if "drip" is acting as a noun or a verb in this specific sentence. The phrase is "drip into a vein". It seems like a verb, but let's eliminate the noun sense just in case. The candidates provided are both verbs, so I can focus.

The phrase "drip into a vein" could be, "to drip into a vein" or "a drip into a vein." To determine this, let's explore the senses. Does "the solution" *let or cause* something to fall in drops into the vein, or does it *fall in drops* into the vein? The latter seems correct. It's the solution *that drips*. Thus, "fall in drops" is a good fit.

Also, it could be short for "which drips into a vein." This solidifies the "fall in drops" definition as more accurate.

If it were "let or cause to fall in drops" (sense 1), it would imply a transitive relationship. But “drip into a vein" doesn't have a direct object. It's the solution that is doing the action to itself by falling in drops.

Okay, checking if my logic holds: "Water is dripping from the faucet". The solution drips into a vein. Thus, sense 2: "fall in drops".
I have to double-check this: the solution "falls in drops."

So I can rule out the noun candidate. "Drip into a vein" then, the solution "falls in drops" into the vein. Therefore, my final answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vein
Target surface form: vein
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a <t>vein</t>). It contains the active substance pemetrexed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vein%1:10:00:: | definition=a distinctive style or manner | examples=he continued in this vein for several minutes
2. sense_key=vein%1:17:00:: | definition=a layer of ore between layers of rock | synonyms=mineral vein
3. sense_key=vein%1:20:00:: | definition=any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ | synonyms=nervure
4. sense_key=vein%1:08:00:: | definition=a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart | synonyms=vena, venous blood vessel | examples=all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood
5. sense_key=vein%1:05:00:: | definition=one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect | synonyms=nervure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Vein" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target word is "vein," and the surrounding phrase is "a solution for infusion (drip into a vein)." Let me break this down. My mind immediately begins sifting through the possible meanings, and the candidates are popping up: style or manner, a layer of ore, the plant vascular bundle, the blood vessel, and the insect wing rib.

Given the explicit mention of a "solution for infusion," my expertise immediately leans towards the medical application here. We're talking about a procedure involving a drip. That narrows it down considerably. Sense 1, style or manner, is completely irrelevant. Sense 2, a layer of ore, is definitely not what we are talking about. Sense 3, plant vascular bundle, is a possibility, but plants are not generally subjected to an "infusion". Sense 5, the insect wing rib, is completely inappropriate.

Therefore, with absolute certainty, the only sensible and correct sense here is sense 4, the "blood vessel." The context screams medicine, and that clearly points to a blood vessel as the target meaning of "vein." It's a textbook intravenous infusion scenario. No further exploration needed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contain
Target surface form: contains
Context:
It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It <t>contains</t> the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contain%2:42:06:: | definition=be divisible by | examples=24 contains 6
2. sense_key=contain%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=take, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
3. sense_key=contain%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, carry | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
4. sense_key=contain%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
5. sense_key=contain%2:41:00:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
6. sense_key=contain%2:42:00:: | definition=include or contain; have as a component | synonyms=incorporate, comprise | examples=A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Verb "Contains" in a Pharmaceutical Context**

Okay, so the target is the word "contains" in the Alimta description: "...It contains the active substance pemetrexed." My immediate thought is to consider the different senses of "contains" – it's crucial to pin down the precise meaning for accuracy. Let's see... we've got "be divisible by," "be capable of holding," "contain or hold; have within," "hold back," "lessen the intensity of," and finally, "include or contain; have as a component."

Now, the crucial question: is this about a physical "having within" (sense 3) or "including as a component" (sense 6)? Alimta is a *powder*, a formulation, not a literal container. The pemetrexed isn't *held* within the powder in a physical sense like wine in a jar. It's an *ingredient*, a *component*. Alimta is *made up of* pemetrexed and, of course, other stuff. So, it's definitely not sense 3.

Sense 6, with its synonyms like "incorporate" and "comprise," feels right on the money. "Include or contain; have as a component" – that fits the bill perfectly for a pharmaceutical substance. Consider the examples: "The record contains many old songs from the 1930's." Bingo. This aligns very well with a chemical substance or a formulation where an active ingredient is *part of* the makeup.

Okay, let's just make sure. Sense 6 gives us the perfect matches: "incorporate," "comprise," and "include or contain; have as a component." This leaves Sense 3 for physical holding.
Therefore, sense 6 is the definitive match here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: active
Target surface form: active
Context:
It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the <t>active</t> substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=active%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=alive | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
2. sense_key=active%3:00:04:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) erupting or liable to erupt | examples=active volcanos
3. sense_key=active%3:00:08:: | definition=engaged in full-time work | examples=active duty; though past retirement age he is still active in his profession
4. sense_key=active%3:00:02:: | definition=tending to become more severe or wider in scope | examples=active tuberculosis
5. sense_key=active%3:00:09:: | definition=expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor: | examples=Hemingway favors active constructions
6. sense_key=active%3:00:07:: | definition=exerting influence or producing a change or effect | examples=an active ingredient
7. sense_key=active%3:00:05:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) capable of erupting
8. sense_key=active%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=taking part in an activity | synonyms=participating | examples=an active member of the club; he was politically active
9. sense_key=active%3:00:03:: | definition=disposed to take action or effectuate change | examples=a director who takes an active interest in corporate operations; an active antagonism
10. sense_key=active%3:00:06:: | definition=full of activity or engaged in continuous activity | examples=an active seaport; an active bond market
11. sense_key=active%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=engaged in or ready for military or naval operations | synonyms=combat-ready, fighting | examples=on active duty; the platoon is combat-ready
12. sense_key=active%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of verbs (e.g. `to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. `running' in `running water')) expressing action rather than a state of being | synonyms=dynamic
13. sense_key=active%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by energetic activity | examples=an active toddler; active as a gazelle
14. sense_key=active%3:00:10:: | definition=(of the sun) characterized by an increased occurrence of sunspots and flares and radio emissions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Active" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct sense of "active" in the sentence "It contains the active substance pemetrexed." The surface form and lemma are identical, which simplifies things. The context screams medical terminology, specifically focusing on "active substance."

I immediately think of a few candidate meanings, but let's check the senses. Aha! Sense 6, with the key "active%3:00:07::" and the definition "exerting influence or producing a change or effect," stands out. The examples given, like "an active ingredient," confirms that this is the fit - the word is referring to a substance within a formula that carries out an action.

Therefore, sense 6 is the obvious choice. We've got a match for the intended meaning: "active substance" or "active ingredient". We're done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: substance
Target surface form: substance
Context:
It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active <t>substance</t> pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=substance%1:09:00:: | definition=the idea that is intended | synonyms=meaning | examples=What is the meaning of this proverb?
2. sense_key=substance%1:03:01:: | definition=a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties | examples=shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man
3. sense_key=substance%1:09:01:: | definition=the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience | synonyms=kernel, core, center, centre, essence, gist | examples=the gist of the prosecutor's argument; the heart and soul of the Republican Party
4. sense_key=substance%1:03:00:: | definition=the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists | examples=DNA is the substance of our genes
5. sense_key=substance%1:10:00:: | definition=what a communication that is about something is about | synonyms=message, content, subject matter
6. sense_key=substance%1:27:00:: | definition=material of a particular kind or constitution | examples=the immune response recognizes invading substances
7. sense_key=substance%1:21:00:: | definition=considerable capital (wealth or income) | synonyms=means | examples=he is a man of means

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Substance" in a Pharmaceutical Context**

Okay, so I need to nail down the meaning of "substance" in "It contains the active substance pemetrexed." "Pemetrexed" is a drug, a chemical compound, so I'm immediately thinking the "active substance" is the *chemical matter* or *active ingredient*. Let's run through the senses to see which fits best.

My initial thoughts:

1.  Meaning - no.
2.  A particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties - could be, let's see. Examples: "shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man." This seems to fit well, especially in the chemical/drug context.
3.  Kernel, core, essence - unlikely.
4.  The real physical matter of which a person or thing consists - could be, but less likely. Think "DNA is the substance of our genes."
5.  Message, content - irrelevant.
6.  Material of a particular kind or constitution (e.g., immune response recognizes invading substances) - potentially relevant, but less specific.
7.  Wealth - absolutely not.

Based on the initial senses, the second one seems most likely: “a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties." Usually, when we talk about chemicals, drugs, etc., we're referencing a specific chemical substance that is a form of matter with uniform chemical composition and characteristic properties.

Let's do a quick double-check using WordNet on "active substance." Ah, "active substance" isn't a synset, but "substance" in "toxic substance" fits sense 2.

Now, is there a subtle difference between senses 2, 4, and 6?

*   Sense 2 (substance%1:03:01::): "a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties".
*   Sense 4 (substance%1:03:00::): "the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists".
*   Sense 6 (substance%1:27:00::): "material of a particular kind or constitution". This one might be for biological or general material, like "invading substances."

I'm leaning towards sense 2. "A chemical substance has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties." So a specific drug like pemetrexed is *exactly* a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. It's not the *general* "matter" (sense 4), but a *specific kind of matter*.

Let's consider sense 2 vs. sense 4 again. Sense 4 is like "DNA is the substance of our genes," the raw material makeup of something. In "It contains the active substance pemetrexed," pemetrexed is *specifically* a "particular kind or species of matter." So sense 2 is the better fit.

Let's confirm the sense key: substance%1:03:01:: is the one that fits. I will double check the definitions:

substance%1:03:00:: the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists
substance%1:03:01:: a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties
substance%1:27:00:: material of a particular kind or constitution; "the immune response recognizes invading substances"

Since "pemetrexed" is a specific drug/chemical substance, **sense 2 is exactly what's meant** here: "a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta <t>used</t> for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
2. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
3. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
4. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
5. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Used" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "use", specifically the form "used" in the phrase "What is Alimta used for?". My initial instinct is to pinpoint the exact meaning here. Looking at the senses, I'm leaning toward the "putting something into service" meaning.

The context points strongly away from senses related to habitual consumption or achieving an end through advantage – that's not what we're dealing with in a medical question. The phrase "What is Alimta used *for*?" screams "purpose." We're not talking about habitual drug use (sense 3) or someone taking advantage (sense 2). We are talking about the medical *purpose* of the drug Alimta.

Now, let me double-check. Sense 4, the definition: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose." *That* is spot-on. "Used *for*" perfectly aligns with this. It's about employing Alimta for a specific medical purpose. This makes sense considering we are using the form *used* and not *use* to show that the medical purpose has already been applied.

Let me quickly contrast the possible senses:
1.  *Avail oneself* is way off.
2.  *Achieving an end by using to one's advantage* – no.
3.  *Habituate* (drugs) - definitely not.
4.  *Put into service, employ for a particular purpose* – Bingo.
5.  *Use up* – No.
6.  *Used to* (past habitual) - Not in this context

Yes, the fourth sense is the winner. It's the only one that truly captures the meaning of "used" in this context. The Alimta is being *employed* or *utilized* for its medical purpose.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is <t>used</t> to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
2. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
3. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall
4. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Used"**

Okay, so the target is "use," and it's appearing as "used" in this sentence. The context is asking about what Alimta is used for, specifically to treat cancer. Right away, it's pretty obvious we're dealing with the sense of employing something for a specific purpose.

I ran through the candidate senses, and candidate number six, with the sense key "use%2:34:01::," is a perfect fit. The definition given – "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" – is spot on. The synonyms like "utilize," "apply," and "employ" further cement this understanding. The example sentences also support this.

The other senses are quickly dismissed. We're not talking about drug use, taking advantage of anyone, a past habitual action, using something up, or availing oneself of something in an abstract sense. Sense six is the clear winner here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treat
Target surface form: treat
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to <t>treat</t> two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treat%2:32:03:: | definition=engage in negotiations in order to reach an agreement | examples=they had to treat with the King
2. sense_key=treat%2:34:00:: | definition=provide with choice or abundant food or drink | synonyms=regale | examples=Don't worry about the expensive wine--I'm treating; She treated her houseguests with good food every night
3. sense_key=treat%2:31:00:: | definition=regard or consider in a specific way | examples=I treated his advances as a joke
4. sense_key=treat%2:41:00:: | definition=interact in a certain way | synonyms=handle, do by | examples=Do right by her; Treat him with caution, please
5. sense_key=treat%2:40:00:: | definition=provide with a gift or entertainment | examples=Grandmother always treated us to the circus; I like to treat myself to a day at a spa when I am depressed
6. sense_key=treat%2:29:00:: | definition=provide treatment for | synonyms=care for | examples=The doctor treated my broken leg; The nurses cared for the bomb victims
7. sense_key=treat%2:30:01:: | definition=subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition | synonyms=process | examples=process cheese; process hair
8. sense_key=treat%2:32:00:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, handle, plow, deal, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Treat" in Context**

Okay, so the task at hand is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "treat" in the sentence "Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer...". The target lemma is "treat" and the surface form is, of course, "treat". Straightforward.

Let's quickly run through the senses offered. "Engage in negotiations," no. "Provide with food or drink," definitely not. "Regard or consider in a certain way," nope. "Interact in a certain way," still no. "Provide with a gift or entertainment," absolutely not.

Ah, here we go: Sense 6, "provide treatment for," and it includes synonyms like "care for". The examples given – "The doctor treated my broken leg," and "The nurses cared for the bomb victims" – feel spot on. "Treat two types of cancer" clearly falls under this definition, right? Wait, is this treating a disease, or a patient? Hmm. Both, it seems. The broken leg example is more for a patient, but it still makes sense. Sense 6 looks like the winner.

Checking Sense 7, "subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose..." like treating wood, or processing cheese. That’s clearly off the mark. Sense 6 is the clear winner, with its specific focus on providing medical care and treatment. It's the only one that truly captures the nuance. Therefore, Sense 6 is the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two <t>types</t> of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
2. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
3. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
4. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
5. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up
6. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Types" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the word I'm tasked with disambiguating is "types," specifically within the phrase "two types of cancer." My mind immediately jumps into action, sifting through the possible senses. Let's see... first, we've got the biological taxonomy definition - that's a contender. Then, there's the literal meaning of printed characters – that one's obviously out. We have "person of a specified kind," nope. "A subdivision of a particular kind of thing" – that's potentially promising... We could also have the meaning of a small metal block, which is definitely incorrect, and finally we have tokens of the same symbol, which would seem to be wrong as well.

The context provides the key: "...treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma..." The context of cancer indicates that we're dealing with different classifications within that broad category. Bingo. "A subdivision of a particular kind of thing" – sense number four – is the perfect fit. It's the only one that makes logical sense in this medical context. So, I'm going with sense index number 4. That’s the answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of <t>cancer</t>: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
4. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
5. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the 'Cancer' Lemma in a Medicinal Context**

Okay, so I'm honing in on the lemma "cancer" here, specifically in relation to Alimta and its therapeutic uses. We're talking about conditions like "pleural mesothelioma" and "advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer," which clearly establishes the medical domain. My task is to determine the correct sense of the word from the given options.

Candidate 5, in this context, really jumps out. It aligns perfectly with the idea of a malignant growth, a tumor, the very *disease* we're aiming to treat with Alimta. The other candidates—constellation, astrological sign, crab genus—are obviously off the mark. They're semantically distant and don't fit the clinical context at all. So, after this straightforward evaluation, the intended sense of 'cancer' is sense 5. It's the only logical interpretation here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (<t>cancer</t> of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
4. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Cancer" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with here is "cancer," and the surrounding sentence clearly places this within a medical context. It's referring to "Alimta" and "pleural mesothelioma," a lung-related disease, and the description mentions asbestos exposure. Immediately, my mind zeroes in on the medical definition.

Let's see: the first candidate is "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." Yes, that's spot on. It's the core, clinical understanding of the term that perfectly fits this context.

Now, I have to quickly dismiss the other contenders. Astrology, zodiac signs, constellations, and the genus of crabs... no. Those are completely unrelated and don't make sense medically. The only definition that aligns with the sentence's subject matter is candidate number one. Case closed. The medical definition of cancer is the correct sense here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lining
Target surface form: lining
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the <t>lining</t> of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lining%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of attaching an inside lining (to a garment or curtain etc.)
2. sense_key=lining%1:06:00:: | definition=a protective covering that protects an inside surface | synonyms=liner
3. sense_key=lining%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of cloth that is used as the inside surface of a garment | synonyms=liner
4. sense_key=lining%1:04:01:: | definition=providing something with a surface of a different material | synonyms=facing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "lining" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target is "lining", surface form "lining," and the context is about pleural mesothelioma – cancer of the "lining" of the lungs. I need to nail down the precise meaning here. Let's look at the options.

*   Sense 1: Attaching an inside lining. Doesn't feel right.
*   Sense 2: A protective covering that protects an inside surface. This is promising.
*   Sense 3: A piece of cloth... No. That's a different domain.
*   Sense 4: Providing something with... Less likely.

The "lining of the lungs" refers to the pleura, which *is* a protective membrane. It's essentially a covering. So, Sense 2 looks spot on. But, wait... there's got to be a more anatomical flavor to the sense, right? Let's confirm with the list: 1, 2, 3, 4. Sense 2 aligns, especially in a biological context, where "lining" refers to such a protective layer.

Okay, let's make sure. The synonyms listed for this sense in the options are 'liner'. Also, WordNet will surely have examples. WordNet shows the usage of 'lining' to refer to a chimney or even 'stomach lining' which is also applicable as an inside surface covering in biology.

Yep, it's definitely Sense 2. "A protective covering that protects an inside surface" is the perfect fit in this medical context. We're good to go.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: caused
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually <t>caused</t> by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, have, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
2. sense_key=cause%2:36:00:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=do, make | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Caused" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct sense of "caused" in the phrase "usually caused by exposure to asbestos." The target lemma is "cause," and the surface form is "caused." My immediate thought is to consider the two candidate senses provided.

Sense 1, "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner," feels like an active inducement. It implies a direct agency, a direct stimulation, like *inducing* someone to take action or *making* them do something. Not quite right here.

But sense 2, "give rise to; cause to happen or occur," is perfect. "Exposure to asbestos" doesn't *induce* the cancer to *do* anything; it *makes* the cancer *happen* or *occur*. It's a clear causal link, a direct relationship where one thing (the exposure) leads to another (the cancer). Therefore, based on this contextual analysis, the second sense is the more appropriate fit here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is <t>used</t> together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
2. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
5. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall
6. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "Used" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "use," specifically the form "used," and the context is "Alimta is *used* together with cisplatin..." Immediately, I'm thinking about the action – that Alimta is being *employed* or *applied* in a specific way, in conjunction with cisplatin, for a medical treatment.

Now, let's sift through the potential senses. I'm seeing a few candidates, and I need to hone in on the best fit:

1.  "Avail oneself to; practice, apply" – this is a contender, but feels a bit too general here.
2.  "Put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" – **Bingo!** This sounds promising, directly aligning with the idea of Alimta being *employed* for the purpose of medical treatment in this context.
3.  "Use up, consume fully" – definitely not, this doesn't fit at all.
4.  "Take or consume (regularly or habitually)" – again, no.
5.  "Habitually do something (use only in the past tense)" – I can eliminate this one.
6.  "Seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage" – this one is off the mark.

Looking back at the text I see that this is consistent across multiple similar sentence structures: "Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer... Alimta is used together with cisplatin... Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin..."

So, the second sense, "put into service; employ for a particular purpose," is definitely the best match. It's the most precise and accurately reflects how Alimta is being utilized in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
2. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
3. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Medicine"**

Okay, so the target is "medicine" here, specifically in the phrase "anticancer medicine." My initial instinct, given my expertise, is to immediately consider the different senses this word carries. Let's see... we've got:

1.  The obvious: a medication, a drug, something that *treats* disease. This is the "medicament" sense, the one we're typically dealing with in oncology.
2.  Then there's the *practice* of medicine – the profession itself. This feels less likely in this context, but I always have to consider it.
3.  We also have the broader "medical science" aspect – the *branches* of the field, the body of knowledge. Hmm, not likely here either, but it's important to keep those nuances.
4.  And, weirdly, there's even a figurative sense relating to punishment! No, that's definitely not it.

Given the phrase "anticancer *medicine*," which describes Alimta alongside cisplatin, the first sense – the medication or drug used to *treat* cancer – is clearly the right fit. It's a straightforward clinical application, and therefore, I think sense 1 is the match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the <t>cancer</t> is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
4. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
5. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Cancer" in a Clinical Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at this Alimta drug and its applications for pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer. My focus is on the phrase "when the cancer is unresectable." Now, the word "cancer" has several potential interpretations, right? I immediately considered the biological context. My expert mind jumps to the possible meanings: a type genus, astrology (though that's obviously wrong), zodiac sign (again, not applicable here), constellation (definitely not applicable!), and then the one that nails it: the malignant growth, the tumor.

And that's it! Sense 5 is absolutely spot-on. It's the only meaning that makes sense in the realm of an anticancer medication. We're talking about an abnormal, uncontrolled proliferation of cells – the disease, the target of the drug. No other interpretation holds water within this clinical framework. Therefore, the interpretation is clear and obvious, for my expert mind.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remove
Target surface form: removed
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be <t>removed</t> by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remove%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=take, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
2. sense_key=remove%2:38:00:: | definition=shift the position or location of, as for business, legal, educational, or military purposes | synonyms=transfer | examples=He removed his children to the countryside; Remove the troops to the forest surrounding the city
3. sense_key=remove%2:41:01:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, hit, dispatch, bump off, off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
4. sense_key=remove%2:30:01:: | definition=go away or leave | synonyms=absent | examples=He absented himself
5. sense_key=remove%2:41:00:: | definition=remove from a position or an office
6. sense_key=remove%2:41:02:: | definition=cause to leave | synonyms=take out, move out | examples=The teacher took the children out of the classroom
7. sense_key=remove%2:40:00:: | definition=dispose of | synonyms=get rid of | examples=Get rid of these old shoes!; The company got rid of all the dead wood
8. sense_key=remove%2:30:02:: | definition=get rid of something abstract | synonyms=take away | examples=The death of her mother removed the last obstacle to their marriage; God takes away your sins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantics of "Removed" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target word is "removed," and the context is "the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone)." My immediate thought is that "removed" here implies surgically extracting the cancer, right? Taking it out of the body. Now, let's look at these candidate senses.

Sense 1: "remove something concrete...take, take away, withdraw." This feels promising, as we're physically extracting something.
Sense 2: shifting a position/location – not it.
Sense 3: kill intentionally – definitely not it.
Sense 4: go away/leave – nope.
Sense 5: remove from a position/office – no.
Sense 6: cause to leave – not relevant.
Sense 7: "dispose of", or “get rid of”...Hmmm. Could be applicable.
Sense 8: removing something abstract – not applicable.

So, either Sense 1 or Sense 7 seem like they could work. "Remove something concrete...take away a tumor" – that's a direct fit, yes. "Dispose of" might work... like, get rid of something unwanted, but it's not as *precise*. In a medical context, "remove" clearly means extract, take out... like a tumor or organ.

Let's break it down further. Sense 1's examples involve physical extraction: "remove a wrapper," "remove a threat," etc. Since the cancer is concrete, Sense 1 seems most fitting. We're physically taking it out.

Now, wait... is a tumor abstract or concrete? It's definitely concrete. So, back to Sense 1 it is. It's the most general sense for physical removal, and also the best fit when considering the examples of the sense.

I'm thinking "dispose of" as in "get rid of" has an element of destroying or discarding whereas removing something is to take something out and keep it away from the body. That's a subtle but important difference, especially in medicine. Sense 1 is the better fit. Yes, I'm confident that Sense 1 is the most appropriate here. The core meaning is physical extraction, and that's precisely what's implied in the phrase.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: surgery
Target surface form: surgery
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by <t>surgery</t> alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=surgery%1:09:00:: | definition=the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures | examples=he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School
2. sense_key=surgery%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a doctor or dentist can be consulted | examples=he read the warning in the doctor's surgery
3. sense_key=surgery%1:04:01:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=operation, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery
4. sense_key=surgery%1:06:00:: | definition=a room in a hospital equipped for the performance of surgical operations | synonyms=operating room, OR, operating theater, operating theatre | examples=great care is taken to keep the operating rooms aseptic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Surgery" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "surgery," and the surface form is, unsurprisingly, also "surgery." The context here is a bit medical, talking about Alimta and cisplatin for unresectable cancer, specifically mentioning that the cancer *cannot be removed by surgery alone*.

Right, let's look at the candidate senses. We have:

1.  A branch of medical science. This one feels a bit too broad, doesn't it? While related, it doesn't quite capture the *action* implied here.

2.  A room where a doctor or dentist is consulted. No, that's definitely not it. This is about removing a tumor, not just a consultation.

3.  A medical procedure involving an incision with instruments. Bingo! This seems highly relevant to the concept of removing cancer. It aligns with the idea that the cancer is *not* removable this way.

4.  A room in a hospital equipped for surgical operations. Again, this is close, but it's the *procedure* itself that we're dealing with, not just the room. Although the room is involved, it's the action of a procedure that removes the cancer.

Considering the surrounding text, the cancer *cannot* be removed through an operation, the third sense is the best fit. I'm confident in selecting "a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments" as the correct sense here. This is straightforward disambiguation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: alone
Target surface form: alone
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery <t>alone</t>) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:incomparable:00 | definition=radically distinctive and without equal | synonyms=unique, unequaled, unequalled, unparalleled | examples=he is alone in the field of microbiology; this theory is altogether alone in its penetration of the problem
2. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:unsocial:00 | definition=isolated from others | examples=could be alone in a crowded room; was alone with her thoughts
3. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:exclusive:00 | definition=exclusive of anyone or anything else | synonyms=only | examples=she alone believed him; cannot live by bread alone
4. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:unaccompanied:00 | definition=lacking companions or companionship | synonyms=lone, lonely, solitary | examples=he was alone when we met him; she is alone much of the time

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Alone" in the Surgical Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "alone," and the context is "cannot be removed by surgery alone." My immediate thought is to consider the various shades of meaning this word carries. We need to pinpoint the *specific* definition that fits this medical scenario.

First, I quickly dismiss "radically distinctive and without equal" – that doesn't fit the clinical context. "Isolated from others" is also incorrect; the phrase doesn't suggest physical isolation. Now we're getting warmer.

My focus narrows to Sense 3: "exclusive of anyone or anything else." This resonates. The phrase "cannot be removed by surgery alone" implies that *surgery is not sufficient on its own*. The implication is that other treatments, or complementary strategies, are also required to achieve the desired outcome. This also aligns with the synonym "only" in this context. It's like saying, "this problem cannot be addressed *only* with surgery."

Therefore, based on the provided context, the pertinent definition for "alone" is Sense 3, reflecting that surgery, on its own, is not a complete solution. We are talking about the insufficiency of surgery, the need for something *more*.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spread
Target surface form: spread
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has <t>spread</t>, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spread%2:35:00:: | definition=distribute or disperse widely | synonyms=distribute | examples=The invaders spread their language all over the country
2. sense_key=spread%2:35:12:: | definition=cover by spreading something over | examples=spread the bread with cheese
3. sense_key=spread%2:32:02:: | definition=become widely known and passed on | synonyms=go around, circulate | examples=the rumor spread; the story went around in the office
4. sense_key=spread%2:38:02:: | definition=move outward | synonyms=diffuse, spread out, fan out | examples=The soldiers fanned out
5. sense_key=spread%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to become widely known | synonyms=circulate, circularize, circularise, distribute, disseminate, propagate | examples=spread information; circulate a rumor
6. sense_key=spread%2:35:13:: | definition=distribute over a surface in a layer | examples=spread cheese on a piece of bread
7. sense_key=spread%2:38:00:: | definition=strew or distribute over an area | synonyms=scatter, spread out | examples=He spread fertilizer over the lawn; scatter cards across the table
8. sense_key=spread%2:42:00:: | definition=spread across or over | synonyms=overspread | examples=A big oil spot spread across the water
9. sense_key=spread%2:35:03:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread out, open | examples=open the map; spread your arms
10. sense_key=spread%2:35:07:: | definition=become distributed or widespread | synonyms=propagate | examples=the infection spread; Optimism spread among the population

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Spread" in the Context of Cancer**

Okay, so the target is "spread" within the domain of oncology, specifically referencing a malignant condition. My mental model here is the cancer's propagation and its tendency to become broadly distributed or pervasive within the body. Let's delve into the candidate senses.

I'm examining a handful of senses. I am considering these senses:

*   Sense 1: *distribute or disperse widely*
*   Sense 2: *cover by spreading something over*
*   Sense 3: *become widely known and passed on*
*   Sense 4: *move outward*
*   Sense 5: *cause to become widely known*
*   Sense 6: *distribute over a surface in a layer*
*   Sense 7: *strew or distribute over an area*
*   Sense 8: *spread across or over*
*   Sense 9: *spread out or open from a closed or folded state*
*   Sense 10: *become distributed or widespread*

I'm gravitating towards Sense 10. It seems the best fit for this particular medical context. My reasoning is that the phrase "the infection spread" is the strongest parallel, which aligns directly with the idea of a disease becoming widespread. It's about an intransitive action, a change in state rather than a direct causative action. The synonym "propagate" is a significant indicator here as well. This sense captures the dynamic of the cancer's expansion through the body.

Now, let's validate this hypothesis. Taking the full phrase, "has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body," I'm confident that Sense 10, "become distributed or widespread," is the most semantically compatible fit. It has a high degree of precision in describing the progression of a malignant disease. The other senses are easily ruled out through contrast: Sense 1 is transitive (e.g., *The invaders spread their language*), Sense 4 *move outward* is more like "fan out," and Sense 8 *spread across or over* is more along the lines of something covering an area. Therefore, my selection of Sense 10 is the most precise and appropriate.