[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched <t>only</t> by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
2. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
3. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
6. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
7. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Only" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "only" in that sentence: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves." Right, "matched *only* by..." means it's matched *exclusively* by, or *solely* by. I need to figure out the best sense for "only" here.

Let's look at the candidate senses. I see: "never except when," "and nothing more," "as recently as," "in the final outcome," "without any others being included or involved," "except that," and "with nevertheless the final result."

Hmm, "matched only by..." suggests nothing *else* matches it, just their inflated self-opinion. That screams sense 5, "without any others being included or involved," or in other words, exclusively or solely. Perfect!

Let's do a quick substitution to confirm. "Ignorance... is matched *entirely*/*exclusively*/*solely* by..." Yep, sense 5 fits like a glove. It fits so well. I just want to be sure and confirm that.

Now, let's just make sure. I get "and nothing more" (sense 2), but that doesn't fit here. "I was merely asking" is more like that usage. The meaning I want is "without any others being included or involved." That's the one.

Right, "matched *solely* by." Yes. That feels good.

Okay, I'm confident. Sense 5 is the one. Let's pick it.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: good
Target surface form: good
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their <t>good</t> opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | examples=good taste
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
3. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
4. sense_key=good%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
6. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=honest | examples=a good dollar bill
7. sense_key=good%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | examples=good looks
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=serious | examples=good music; a serious book
13. sense_key=good%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
14. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
16. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
18. sense_key=good%5:00:01:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Good" in "Good Opinion"**

Okay, the task is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "good" in the phrase "good opinion of themselves" within this sentence: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves." It seems the meaning is related to "favorable" or "high", but I need to be sure.

Let's examine the possible senses of "good." I'm mentally ticking through the candidates: discriminating, fortunate, healthful... no, no... operative, fresh, genuine... those don't fit. Reputable? Perhaps, but not directly. Advantageous? Close, but too broad. Nice, pleasing, complete, intellectual, skilled, morally admirable... still not quite hitting the mark. Opportune, ample, sound, healthy, righteous... no. The key here is the "high" or "favorable" aspect of the opinion.

Sense 20, "having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified," is jumping out. It seems like the best fit. I'm thinking, "good report card" = a favorable report card. "Good news" = favorable news. "Good opinion" = favorable opinion. Does this align?

Let me quickly cross-check other candidates. "Reputable" (sense 7) implies esteem, but doesn't quite capture the favorable aspect. "Discriminatory" (sense 1) refers to generally admired qualities, but not necessarily applicable here. The term "good opinion of oneself" means a high or positive opinion. The definition in WordNet for "good%3:00:01" echoes my thought: "having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified." The examples there - "good news from the hospital", "a good report card", etc. - support this primary sense.

So, "good" as a modifier of "opinion" is basically expressing a positive, favorable characteristic. The word "favorable" from an opinion is very similar to "positive".

Let's do a quick review:
*   Sense 1, discriminating, doesn't align.
*   Sense 20, having desirable or positive qualities... seems to be the best fit.

"Good opinion" points towards the idea of a positive opinion. It is often the main sense of the word (good%3:00:01). I think the "positive qualities" fits. Ultimately, sense 20 is the most appropriate. I feel like sense 20 is the best fit.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opinion
Target surface form: opinion
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good <t>opinion</t> of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opinion%1:09:00:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=sentiment, persuasion, view, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
2. sense_key=opinion%1:09:01:: | definition=a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people | synonyms=public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi | examples=he asked for a poll of public opinion
3. sense_key=opinion%1:04:01:: | definition=the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself) | synonyms=ruling
4. sense_key=opinion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, notion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
5. sense_key=opinion%1:10:01:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=view | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
6. sense_key=opinion%1:10:00:: | definition=the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision | synonyms=legal opinion, judgment, judgement | examples=opinions are usually written by a single judge

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Sense of "Opinion" in Context**

Okay, the target is "opinion," surface form also "opinion." The context is this rather scathing assessment: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves." I need to determine the correct sense of "opinion" here. "Good opinion of themselves" clearly refers to a favorable judgment or belief about oneself – self-esteem, self-regard, that sort of thing.

Let's look at the candidate senses. I've got:

1.  *opinion%1:09:00::* | a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty
2.  *opinion%1:09:01::* | public opinion
3.  *opinion%1:04:01::* | ruling (court)
4.  *opinion%1:09:02::* | a vague idea in which some confidence is placed
5.  *opinion%1:10:01::* | a message expressing a belief about something
6.  *opinion%1:10:00::* | legal opinion

Right off the bat, "good opinion of themselves" seems to be about a *personal* belief or judgment, specifically about oneself. It's not a public opinion, a legal ruling, or a vague idea. So, senses 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are definitely out.

Now, sense 1, *opinion%1:09:00::*, is intriguing: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty." Its synonyms include "sentiment," "persuasion," "view," and "thought." That fits. The phrase "good opinion" is an idiom, often implying high regard or esteem. Is there a precise sense for this idiom? No, none of the other senses directly capture "esteem" or "regard," but sense 1 comes closest by capturing the idea of a "personal belief or judgment."

I'll quickly cross-reference with WordNet 3.0 to make sure. Okay, the relevant senses there are:

1.  opinion, sentiment, persuasion, view, thought (a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty)
2.  public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi, opinion
3.  opinion, ruling (reason for a court's judgment)
4.  impression, feeling, belief, notion, opinion (a vague idea in which some confidence is placed)
5.  opinion, view (a message expressing a belief about something)
6.  legal opinion, judgment, judgement, opinion (the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision)

Again, between senses 1 and 4, and sense 1, "a personal belief or judgment," aligns with "good opinion of themselves." That's the most accurate sense here. It's their *personal* judgment *about* themselves. Sense 1 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: whole
Target surface form: whole
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The <t>whole</t> notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health | synonyms=hale | examples=hale and hearty; whole in mind and body
2. sense_key=whole%3:00:00:: | definition=including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete | examples=gave his whole attention; a whole wardrobe for the tropics
3. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00 | definition=acting together as a single undiversified whole | synonyms=solid, unanimous | examples=a solid voting bloc
4. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=not injured | synonyms=unharmed, unhurt, unscathed
5. sense_key=whole%3:00:02:: | definition=(of siblings) having the same parents | examples=whole brothers and sisters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Landscape of "Whole"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to pinpoint the most accurate sense of "whole" in the context provided: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education..." The target lemma is "whole" and the surface form, unsurprisingly, is also "whole." Straightforward.

Let's quickly review the candidate senses the system has pulled up. We have:

1.  "exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health" – Doesn't fit. Not relevant.
2.  "including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete (gave his whole attention)" – This looks promising, given the "entire" or "complete" connotation.
3.  "acting together as a single undiversified whole (solid, unanimous)" – Nope, that's more about unity or consensus.
4.  "not injured (unharmed)" – Completely irrelevant.
5.  "(of siblings) having the same parents" – Definitely not.

"The whole notion" seems to clearly mean "the entire notion" or "the complete notion." The second sense, "including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete," lines up perfectly. "Gave his whole attention" is a useful illustrative example for sense 2.

Just to be absolutely certain, let's verify that the system has properly tagged sense 2 as the general "entire" sense – whole%3:00:00::. Yes, that's precisely what we're after, the sense of entirety or completeness. Therefore, "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education..." unequivocally refers to the entire, complete idea of creativity.

The final determination is that the correct sense index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole <t>notion</t> of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
2. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
4. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Range of "Notion"**

Okay, so the target word is "notion" within this particular context: "The whole notion of "creativity" in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..." Right, let's break down the potential senses. I've got a few candidates: an odd or fanciful idea (sense 1), small sewing items (sense 2, which seems immediately wrong!), a general inclusive concept (sense 3), and a vague idea or belief (sense 4).

Given the sentence, the second definition is clearly irrelevant, so we can ignore that. Now, let's weigh the remaining possibilities. "The whole notion of 'creativity'"... My initial thought is it's not about a "whimsical" idea. That seems too specific and perhaps pejorative for the overall tone. The text is setting up a discussion about the idea of creativity within education – that's the "concept" itself, not just a fleeting, odd thought.

Therefore, sense 3, "a general inclusive concept", seems to align perfectly. It's the "concept" of creativity that's being debated, challenged, and framed within the context of education. The wording of the sentence itself really points to this. I'm thinking about phrases like "what do we mean by 'creativity'?" which makes more sense in the context of the conceptual meaning.

Sense 4, the "vague idea," is a contender, but I think "general inclusive concept" is a more precise fit. "The whole notion" implies something encompassing, and the discussion surrounding this phrase suggests that the conceptual meaning is paramount. I'm thinking here about the synonyms. I'll double-check WordNet, but I'm leaning heavily towards sense 3. And yes, in fact, "notion%1:09:00" is defined as a general inclusive concept, just as I thought. The context really does confirm that this "notion" refers to the concept of creativity in education. I'm confident in sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in <t>education</t> was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
2. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
3. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
4. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
5. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
6. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Concept of "Education" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "education," and the surrounding text mentions "creativity" within it, framed as a reaction against "disciplined instruction." My initial sense is that this is about the whole *system*, so I start with a broader scope. I list potential senses: knowledge acquisition (broad education, sense 1), upbringing (sense 2), the activities of teaching and instructing (sense 3), the Department of Education (sense 4), the process of learning (sense 5), and the profession itself (sense 6).

The context, with "creativity" and "disciplined instruction," immediately pulls me toward the act of teaching. It's almost certainly not a specific government department or simply *knowledge* itself. It's very likely Sense 3: the *activities* involved in teaching, pedagogy, the educational activity.

I'm zeroing in now. I'm seeing that "creativity *in* education" directly parallels the idea of "instruction." If we can replace education with any of these synonyms, does it make sense? "Creativity in *instruction*," "creativity in *teaching*," "creativity in *pedagogy*." Yes, this all works.

So, I'm checking it. Sense 3 perfectly aligns. That rebellion against "disciplined instruction" really does highlight the focus on the *activities* involved in educating – in the practice. The synonyms – instruction, teaching, pedagogy – strengthen the case. I'm comfortable settling on Sense 3. The text is using "education" to refer to the *practice* of teaching and imparting knowledge.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a <t>romantic</t> rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
2. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Romantic Rebellion"**

Okay, so I'm looking at this text and the phrase "romantic rebellion" is immediately sticking out. My initial thought is to break down the different possible senses it could have. First, there's the obvious – the romantic, sexual love type of romance, but that doesn't seem to fit the context. Then, there's the connection to the Romantic Movement in arts and literature. That emphasizes self-expression, emotion, the innate goodness of children, that Rousseau-esque idea. But, is that the *primary* meaning here?

I'm thinking that "romantic rebellion" and "romantic extravagance" are often used to describe something idealistic, perhaps unrealistic, and that's where I need to focus. Let me see, let's nail down what the senses mean and use some examples to help.

Okay, let's explore sense 3, "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic," what's often described as quixotic or wild-eyed. Examples would be a "romantic disregard for money." Then, let's not discount sense 2, which relates directly to the Romantic Movement itself.

Okay, back to the text: "a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."

This could be directly referencing Romanticism and its ideals: the child, nature, talent, anti-authoritarianism. Or, it could just be the idealistic/unrealistic notion.

But, "romantic extravagance" and "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction". "romantic" modifies "rebellion." Is this "quixotic"? Or a rebellion based on Romantic ideals? The "latent talents... inherent in the souls of all our children" certainly points to the Romantic movement, think of Wordsworth, Rousseau. But, "idealistic and unrealistic" really works too.

Okay, back to sense 3: "idealistic and unrealistic." Is "romantic" literally characteristic of the Romantic Movement? The text focuses on "a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction." This is *educational* theory, not the arts. I realize sense 2, "Romantic Movement in the arts" is less relevant. So, it's most likely Sense 3 (idealistic and unrealistic).

Let me check the examples again: "as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money." That's the broader meaning of romantic meaning idealistic and impractical.

Yes, sense 3 is a better fit. The context is *not* the arts. It's about educational philosophy and parents' unrealistic idealism about creativity.

I need to confirm: "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic." The author is criticizing the education system for equating creativity with self-esteem and its results in ignorance and intellectual incompetence, which is "a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction." It equates to "impractical," "idealistic and unrealistic."

So, I will select 3. I am confident in that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rebellion
Target surface form: rebellion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic <t>rebellion</t> against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:01:: | definition=refusal to accept some authority or code or convention | examples=each generation must have its own rebellion; his body was in rebellion against fatigue
2. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:00:: | definition=organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another | synonyms=insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Rebellion" in a Romantic Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the most relevant meaning of "rebellion" within the phrase "a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction." Immediately, I'm parsing the potential senses. I'm seeing two strong possibilities. First, there's the broad sense of a **refusal to accept authority, a code, or convention.** This definitely resonates with examples like generational differences or the body's struggle against fatigue, representing an internal resistance. Second, there's the more overt, **organized opposition or conflict aimed at wresting control,** synonymous with terms like insurrection or uprising.

Considering the specific context, however, "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction," the latter sense feels like a misfit. We're discussing a philosophical attitude or movement within education, not an actual armed revolt or seizure of power. The language implies an internal resistance to the established order, a rejection of prescribed methods rather than a full-scale overthrow. Therefore, the first sense – the **refusal to accept authority or convention** – is, without a doubt, the most fitting interpretation here. This is a rejection of traditional educational norms, a romantic embrace of different approaches, and an understandable move in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disciplined
Target surface form: disciplined
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against <t>disciplined</t> instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:controlled:00 | definition=obeying the rules
2. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:trained:00 | definition=trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise | examples=the beautiful coordination of his disciplined muscles; a disciplined mind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Disciplined" in the Context of "Disciplined Instruction"**

Okay, the target is "disciplined" in the phrase "disciplined instruction." My initial thought is to consider the two main senses: "obeying the rules" and "trained mentally or physically." The phrase itself, "disciplined instruction," immediately presents a challenge. Does it mean instruction that *obeys* rules, or instruction that *provides* training?

My initial instinct is to lean towards "trained," but something doesn't quite sit right. Let me focus on "disciplined instruction," does this refer to the instruction itself, or something else. I can see this means instruction that is strict, controlled, structured, and enforces discipline. Let's see how "disciplined" functions in the context of "instruction," which is the noun here.

I'm thinking that instruction can be "structured" or "controlled," but can instruction be "trained?" I'm also considering the synonyms from WordNet, "controlled" versus "trained." "Disciplined instruction" implies the instruction is the controlled or ordered element.

Let me analyze the examples. "A disciplined child" aligns with "obeying the rules." However, "disciplined instruction" suggests instruction that is characterized by discipline, which leans towards "controlled." "Disciplined instruction, which was regarded as authoritarian," that is a key piece of information. "Authoritarian" definitely aligns with "controlled."

So, I revisit WordNet and its two definitions: "obeying the rules" and "trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise." Does "instruction" itself "obey rules"? Not directly, but it can be "controlled." In contrast, instruction cannot be trained.

I'm also considering the structure of the word. "Disciplined" here is an adjective. It doesn't mean it's the past participle of "discipline," but rather an adjectival form. Let me re-evaluate, "controlled" is better fit. "Disciplined instruction" means instruction that is controlled, organized, and systematic.

Reviewing "obeying the rules," it typically applies to people. Does this concept of "controlled" align with "authoritarian"? Yes. "Authoritarian" goes along with control/strictness.

I need to confirm if there is an interpretation for the phrase. Instruction can be viewed as strict, rigorous, orderly. The "instruction" is the *thing* doing the "training" not the *thing* being trained. Sense 1 ("obeying the rules") appears more appropriate. I'm focusing on "controlled instruction" as most fitting.

I should also check for a different interpretation of the word "disciplined," such as a verb, but that doesn't fit the context. Therefore, "Sense 1" is my final choice. "Controlled."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instruction
Target surface form: instruction
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined <t>instruction</t>, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instruction%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=instruction%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program | synonyms=command, statement, program line
3. sense_key=instruction%1:10:04:: | definition=a message describing how something is to be done | synonyms=direction | examples=he gave directions faster than she could follow them
4. sense_key=instruction%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=teaching, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Instruction" in Educational Context**

Okay, so the target term is "instruction," specifically within the phrase "disciplined instruction" in an educational setting. My immediate thought is, what are the different senses of "instruction" here? Let's break it down. I know there's a definite connotation of resistance to this concept; it seems to be framed as something authoritarian.

Candidate 1 seems promising: *the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill*. That feels right, like we're talking about the act of teaching itself. It fits the idea of "disciplined *teaching*," right?

Candidate 2 – *a line of code* – is clearly irrelevant. Nope.

Candidate 3 – *a message describing how something is to be done* – it's close, and it does have the meaning of an imparting knowledge, but I think it misses the *activity* aspect central to education in this context. It feels too passive. It does not feel like it fits the connotation of "rebellion."

Finally, Candidate 4 – *the profession of a teacher* – it's close as well, but no. The focus is on the *activity* being done TO the student, not the profession itself. Consider the phrase: "he prepared for teaching" vs "he prepared for *instruction*".

Therefore, I'm confident Candidate 1, focusing on "activities of educating or instructing," is the most accurate. "Disciplined instruction" is essentially "disciplined teaching" or "disciplined educational activity." Case closed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: authoritarian
Target surface form: authoritarian
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "<t>authoritarian</t>, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:undemocratic:00 | definition=characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty | synonyms=autocratic, dictatorial, despotic, tyrannic, tyrannical | examples=an authoritarian regime; autocratic government
2. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:domineering:00 | definition=expecting unquestioning obedience | synonyms=dictatorial, overbearing | examples=the timid child of authoritarian parents; insufferably overbearing behavior toward the waiter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Authoritarian"**

Okay, so the lemma I'm focusing on here is "authoritarian," specifically in the phrase "regarded as 'authoritarian.'" The context involves this idea of "disciplined instruction" being viewed as "authoritarian," and how it might stifle latent talents. My initial step is to consider the potential senses of the word.

My mind immediately pulls up two definitions. First, there's the political sense, related to absolute rule and sovereignty – terms like autocratic, dictatorial, despotic. The second sense, however, focuses on expecting unquestioning obedience; this leans toward the dictatorial and overbearing.

Considering the given context, "disciplined instruction" is more closely linked to figures like parents or teachers demanding obedience than to an absolute political regime. It's not about a state structure, but a behavioral approach. Sense 2, with its mention of "authoritarian parents" and the core idea of "expecting unquestioning obedience," feels like the better fit. The context highlights education, disciplined instruction, and the potential suppression of talent—all points that align more strongly with this second sense. Sense 1 is too political, not germane to the context at hand.

I'm double-checking this by looking at the specific definition of sense 2: expecting unquestioning obedience. The example, "the timid child of authoritarian parents," is particularly useful. This mirrors the situation: "disciplined instruction" is viewed as expecting this obedience, and therefore being "authoritarian." That confirms my assessment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: repression
Target surface form: repression
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a <t>repression</t> and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=repression%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
2. sense_key=repression%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of repressing; control by holding down | examples=his goal was the repression of insolence
3. sense_key=repression%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of forcible subjugation | examples=the long repression of Christian sects

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Repression" in Context**

Okay, so the target word is "repression," and I need to figure out the right sense in this sentence: "...against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian," a repression and frustration of the latent talents..." My initial candidates are the psychiatric defense mechanism, the act of repressing/control, and a state of forcible subjugation.

Immediately, the psychiatric sense feels like a non-starter; that's clearly not what's going on here. Now, between the act of repressing and the state of subjugation, I need to choose. The phrase "a repression and frustration of the latent talents" is key. "Frustration" as an act is a good clue.

The context points to something being done, an *action*. The sentence says that disciplined instruction is regarded as *a* repression. The definition "the act of repressing; control by holding down" feels right, especially with the phrase "act of repression". Instruction is the *act* of repressing these talents, rather than a state of being repressed. This is in contrast to subjugation, which would be a *state* of being repressed. I'm going with sense 2, that's what's playing out in the text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: frustration
Target surface form: frustration
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and <t>frustration</t> of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=frustration%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=defeat
2. sense_key=frustration%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized | examples=her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration
3. sense_key=frustration%1:04:02:: | definition=an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts | synonyms=thwarting, foiling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Frustration" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "frustration," and it's used alongside "repression" in a sentence about stifling children's potential. My initial thought is to zero in on what *kind* of frustration we're talking about. Is it an internal feeling, or an external action? Let's break it down.

First, I consider the possible senses. We've got: feeling thwarted, feeling annoyed, and the act of hindering. Given the phrasing, "...repression *and* frustration of latent talents...," I immediately lean towards the latter, the *action*. The "repression" is directly about preventing something from blossoming, and "frustration" is presented in parallel, so it should also refer to an action done *to* the talent. It's not the *feeling* of being frustrated; it's the *act* that causes that feeling in the talent.

Therefore, since the context describes an action being inflicted upon the potential of children, the third sense—the act of hindering, thwarting, foiling—is the correct interpretation of "frustration" here. It's the action of preventing those latent talents and potentialities from emerging.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: latent
Target surface form: latent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the <t>latent</t> talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:inactive:02 | definition=(pathology) not presently active | examples=latent infection; latent diabetes
2. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:potential:00 | definition=potentially existing but not presently evident or realized | examples=a latent fingerprint; latent talent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Latent" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "latent," and the surface form is, unsurprisingly, also "latent." The context is: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children." Right off the bat, I need to evaluate the potential senses of the word in this particular instance.

My initial scan reveals two main senses to consider. The first, labeled `latent%5:00:00:inactive:02`, suggests something *inactive* in a pathological or medical context, like a latent infection or diabetes. The second, `latent%5:00:00:potential:00`, implies something *potentially existing* but not yet evident or realized, such as a latent fingerprint or talent.

Given the phrase "latent talents," the latter sense immediately seems like the stronger candidate. The context clearly revolves around abilities and potential that are present but not yet manifested. Furthermore, the mention of "talents" strongly suggests a non-pathological usage. It wouldn't make sense in this context to suggest "latent talents" as some kind of active pathology.

Therefore, after considering the two senses and carefully comparing them to the provided context, I'm confident that sense `latent%5:00:00:potential:00` is the intended meaning here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talent
Target surface form: talents
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent <t>talents</t> and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talent%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity
2. sense_key=talent%1:09:00:: | definition=natural abilities or qualities | synonyms=endowment, gift, natural endowment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Talents" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct meaning of "talents" in this sentence. The surface form is "talents" and the target lemma is "talent." The context, "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children," is pretty clear. I've got two candidate senses: one describes a person *who* has talent, and the other refers to the *abilities* themselves.

Given the phrase "latent talents...inherent in the souls of all our children," it's immediately obvious. We're not talking about specific individuals who *are* talents; we are talking about *abilities* that exist within children. The text speaks of "latent talents" and "potentialities," indicating something that *they* possess, not something *they* are. Therefore, I'm going with sense 2: "natural abilities or qualities," essentially synonymous with "endowment," "gift," or "natural endowment." It’s an easy disambiguation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as <t>yet</t> undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Yet" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "yet," and the surface form is, well, "yet." Straightforward enough. The context, "...wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities...", immediately suggests a nuance of time. "As yet undefined" is the key phrase here. It sounds like something is *not* defined at the current point in time. Let's dig into the senses to nail this down.

Ah, here's sense 3: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time." That looks promising. It includes synonyms like "so far," "thus far," and crucially, "as yet." Now, "undefined" clearly functions as a negative, as in "not defined." So, "as yet undefined" *is* that negative statement. The phrase really means "undefined up to this point."

I'll quickly scan the other senses just to be sure. Sense 1 ("despite anything to the contrary"), sense 2 (after a superlative), sense 4 ("to a greater degree"), sense 5 ("up to the present time"), and sense 6 ("within an indefinite time"). None of these seem to fit the context, or the phrase "as yet".

Back to Sense 3 then. "As yet" is right there, a perfect synonym for the phrase, and the negative structure matches perfectly. So, I'm confident that sense 3 is the correct interpretation here. The "yet" in "as yet undefined" means "up to the present time," or "so far."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potentiality
Target surface form: potentialities
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, <t>potentialities</t> inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potentiality%1:09:00:: | definition=an aptitude that may be developed | synonyms=capability, capableness
2. sense_key=potentiality%1:26:00:: | definition=the inherent capacity for coming into being | synonyms=potential, potency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Potentialities" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "potentialities," plural, in this sentence: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children." Right away, I'm leaning toward the sense related to abilities or aptitudes. The context points to something within children that can be developed, given their "latent talents."

My initial thought is that it's aligning with "an aptitude that may be developed" (capability, capableness) – sense 1. Children's "talents" and "potentialities" are clearly linked to their abilities. Let me look at the definitions more closely.

Sense 1, "an aptitude that may be developed." Synonyms: capability, capableness. Yes, that's exactly what education aims to nurture.

Sense 2, "the inherent capacity for coming into being." Synonyms: potential, potency. While "inherent in the souls" might initially trigger this sense, it feels a bit broader. It's the capacity for *anything* to come into being, not necessarily a *specific* ability.

"Talents" and "potentialities" are paired in the sentence. That's a strong clue. "Latent" indicates something not yet fully developed. Therefore, "an aptitude that may be developed" fits perfectly here.

Okay, I'm checking synonyms again: Sense 1 (capability, capableness) versus Sense 2 (potential, potency). "Capability" and "capableness" are a much better fit for "talents".

Now, the question is, does "inherent capacity for coming into being" (sense 2) work at all? I think of how it can mean both ability or potential for.

I'm thinking of how the term "potentiality" is used, in the context of children and their abilities. I usually see it referring to a specific aptitude. WordNet sense 1 is literally "an aptitude that may be developed". I often see it pluralized, as "potentialities" when referring to abilities.

Finally, looking at the part-of-speech and semantic domains, noun.cognition (09) for sense 1 seems to make more sense here. After careful consideration, I'm choosing sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherent
Target surface form: inherent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities <t>inherent</t> in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00 | definition=existing as an essential constituent or characteristic | synonyms=built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral | examples=the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity; a constitutional inability to tell the truth
2. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, underlying | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Inherent" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "inherent" in the phrase "...potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children." My initial thought is to consider the two main senses of "inherent" as defined: intrinsic (essential constituent) and implicit (not readily apparent).

Looking at the context, specifically "latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children," the implicit sense immediately jumps out. The words "latent" and "undefined" strongly parallel "not readily apparent." "Implicit in" feels right here, and the definition supports this.

I'm checking if the other sense, the "built-in" sense, could work. The definition is "existing as an essential constituent or characteristic." Does that fit? I think not. The potentialities are *in* the souls, but I don't see them as being *built-in* in the same way a constitutional inability might be. The examples provided for that sense are typically pre-nominal or use "inbuilt" or "integral," which can be post-nominal, but "implicit in" is so clear in this case.

Using WordNet's definition of "implicit" – "in the nature of something though not readily apparent" – coupled with the "in" preposition used in the text, it solidifies the second sense. The potentialities are present *within* the souls, but are not immediately visible or understood. "Implicit in" is the stronger fit here. So, sense 2 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: soul
Target surface form: souls
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the <t>souls</t> of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=soul%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=soul%1:12:00:: | definition=deep feeling or emotion | synonyms=soulfulness
3. sense_key=soul%1:18:00:: | definition=the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life | synonyms=psyche
4. sense_key=soul%1:04:00:: | definition=the human embodiment of something | examples=the soul of honor
5. sense_key=soul%1:10:00:: | definition=a secular form of gospel that was a major Black musical genre in the 1960s and 1970s | examples=soul was politically significant during the Civil Rights movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Souls"**

Okay, so the target word is "souls," and its base form is "soul." The surrounding text is, "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children." Right, so I need to pinpoint the intended meaning within this context. Let's see... the candidate senses give us a few options.

First, "a human being." Hmm, that doesn't feel right. If we substitute it directly, it reads "...inherent in the human beings of all our children." It's redundant, and the sentence loses something essential. The fact that the subject is "children" immediately means they are "human beings", this just states a fact. It's a bit too literal, and misses the implied depth.

Now, let's consider "deep feeling or emotion." Also, not quite right. While potential and talent can certainly be tied to emotion, the phrase "inherent in" doesn't quite apply to feelings in the same way. The text speaks about the *location* of the potential - not about the feelings surrounding it.

Then we have "the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life." Synonyms include "psyche." Ah, now we're getting warmer! This seems to capture the idea of an inner essence, a core self, where these latent talents and potential abilities reside. This *feels* right.

There is also "the human embodiment of something" and "a secular form of gospel..." that do not seem to fit the intended meaning at all.

Thinking this through, the phrase "inherent in the souls of all our children" suggests that these talents and potential abilities are *intrinsic* to something within each child – a core, an inner being. It's the metaphor of their *spirit* or *psyche* in which these talents reside. So "the immaterial part of a person," "psyche" really is the most precise. Substituting this definition keeps the core of the sentence's meaning intact.

Yes, sense 3 is the clear winner. The other senses feel too literal and the context demands something deeper, more metaphysical. The use of "souls" here acts as a metaphor for the inner self, the mind, or the spirit, where these potentialities are contained.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our <t>children</t>. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
2. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
3. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
4. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantics of "children"**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "children," and the context is "inherent in the souls of all our children." The surrounding text mentions parents, youngsters, and schools. Initially, I was leaning towards sense 4, "a young person of either sex," because of the educational context, and "all our children" seems to encompass the broader youth demographic. I mean, "our" could be a societal "our."

However, the possessive "our" keeps drawing me back. It implies a relationship, a kinship. Does "our children" mean our biological offspring or simply young people within a community? The text's mention of "parents" - "American parents encourage creativity in your children" - immediately followed by "all our children" is key. "All our children" links back to the parents and their perspective, so the relationship is front and center.

I was considering sense 3, "a human offspring." WordNet distinguishes between them; sense 4 focuses on youth, sense 3 on relationship. Checking WordNet's distinctions, and the examples it provides, it's clear: "they had three children" (sense 3). "She writes books for children" (sense 4).

But wait, even in a phrase like "the future of our children" (which is used in a political/rhetorical context), the possessive still hints at sense 3, because it expresses a sense of kinship or ownership. "Our" children. Even when it's society-wide.

The repeated emphasis on parents ("American parents...your children") in the text solidifies this connection. The phrase "all our children" refers back to the parents' perspective on their offspring. So, "all our children" is "all of the parents' children."

The use of "youngsters", "young people", "children" does not contradict the conclusion. It points to youth, but "our" implies a relationship. Although "our young people" or "our youngsters" would work, because of "parents...your children", the relationship is emphasized. This must be offspring.

Therefore, despite the educational context possibly leading towards sense 4, the strong possessive and the surrounding text heavily points towards "our children" meaning "our offspring," sense 3. The parent-child relationship is the central concept, so sense 3 is the most appropriate. I think the semantic analysis suggests sense 3 is the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that <t>parents</t> find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Parents"**

Okay, so the target word is "parent," but it's appearing as "parents" in the text. Right away, I need to consider potential senses. The context is mentioning "children" and their education – that's a huge clue! My mind immediately jumps to the standard dictionary definitions. I'm seeing "a father or mother..." and then something more biological, "an organism..."

The first sense, the familial one, is a clear winner here. The text goes on to talk about how "parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive... do want their children to get a decent education..." – it's practically screaming for the "mother or father" definition. The language perfectly aligns with a discussion centered around parental desires for their children's well-being and education, making sense #1 the obvious and most relevant interpretation. No need to overthink this; it's a slam dunk.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents <t>find</t> this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
2. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
3. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
4. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
5. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself
6. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
7. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
8. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
9. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
10. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
11. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
12. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
13. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
14. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
15. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
16. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Find" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "find," the surface form is "find," and the context is "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive." My initial read is that this is about judging or forming an opinion about something. It's the "find X *to be* Y" construction that I immediately recognize.

Let's quickly check the candidates. Sense 8, "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds," definitely jumps out. The synonyms "feel" are a good sign. It's the equivalent of saying "parents *feel* this romantic extravagance is so attractive." The example provided – "I find him to be obnoxious" – is a perfect fit.

Wait a second, let me solidify this. I need to be completely sure. Sense 8 has the exact structure: "find [object] [adjective phrase/to be obnoxious]". And here we have "find this romantic extravagance so attractive". Bingo. This is definitely the sense of holding an opinion or a feeling about something.

Just to be absolutely certain, let's eliminate the others quickly. It's about *thinking* something is attractive, not "receiving a specified treatment" or "getting something back" or "making a discovery." Sense 8 is the right one, no doubt. This usage is perfectly clear.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this <t>romantic</t> extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Romantic"**

Okay, here's how I'm breaking down this "romantic" conundrum. The target is how "romantic" functions in "romantic extravagance." I'm presented with a context that highlights a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction," equating it with self-expression and creativity, contrasting it with an authoritarian approach. My instinct is to zero in on the implications of this rebellion, especially in relation to the parents' reaction.

I'm given three potential senses: characteristic of Romanticism, expressive of sexual love (which is immediately out, it doesn’t fit), and the one I'm leaning toward, not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic. Initially, I was wrestling with whether the intended meaning was the first option, reflecting the Romantic movement's emphasis on individualism and emotion. It's a valid interpretation, given the context of rebellion and self-expression. The text does make the case for romanticism as rebellion.

The phrase "romantic extravagance" is the key. The phrase points to the idealistic, unrealistic notion of education that prioritizes self-expression over disciplined instruction.

The text presents a clear contrast: parents who find this "romantic" approach attractive are also the ones with "common sense." It's the juxtaposition of "romantic extravagance" with "common sense" that tips the scales. "Romantic" is used in contrast with common sense, i.e. a practical approach. Sense 3, "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic," now feels like the winner. It's a direct opposition to the practical considerations the parents *also* hold. The whole issue of common sense is what puts it in the clear.

The contrast with "common sense" seals the deal, I'm confident. The "romantic" extravagance is, in this context, precisely a lack of practical sensibility. Therefore, sense 3 is the best match.