[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minute
Target surface form: minutes
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 <t>minutes</t>. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minute%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour | synonyms=min | examples=he ran a 4 minute mile
2. sense_key=minute%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=minute%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
4. sense_key=minute%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree | synonyms=arcminute, minute of arc
5. sense_key=minute%1:10:00:: | definition=a short note | examples=the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting
6. sense_key=minute%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=hour | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Minutes"**

Okay, the target word is "minutes," which stems from the lemma "minute." My task is to determine the correct sense of "minutes" in the context of: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes." Alright, the word clearly refers to a duration, a unit of time. Let's run through the potential senses.

Sense 1: "a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour" - this seems like a perfect fit, it is measuring the duration of the infusion.

Sense 2: "an indefinitely short time" - Nope, 10 minutes is a specific duration. Not "indefinitely short."

Sense 3: "a particular point in time" - No, it's not a specific time, but rather a *duration* of time.

Sense 4: "a unit of angular distance" - Certainly not. Completely unrelated.

Sense 5: "a short note" - No way, we're discussing medical procedures.

Sense 6: "distance measured by the time taken to cover it" - Hmm, could that be it? "distance measured by the time taken to cover it" - but wait, it's not a distance. It's explicitly referring to the *time* the infusion lasts, a time *duration*. This one feels trickier than it is.

Therefore, the only reasonable interpretation here is **Sense 1**. The ten "minutes" is clearly a reference to a quantifiable unit of time, equal to 60 seconds.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduce
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To <t>reduce</t> side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image
10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Nuances of "Reduce"**

Alright, the task is to pinpoint the most accurate meaning of "reduce" in the context of diminishing side effects. It's about lessening their amount, severity, or frequency. My initial thought process involves parsing the potential definitions. I see Candidate 1: "cut down on; make a reduction in," and Candidate 8: "lessen and make more modest" as immediate contenders. Candidate 11, "narrow or limit," also came to mind, but that feels less aligned with the goal of easing an adverse effect.

I'm leaning towards "make a reduction in" because it directly targets the idea of decreasing the impact. Let me consult WordNet for its sense keys. Ah, reduce%2:30:00:: seems promising as it links to “make a reduction in”. But "cut down on" throws me off slightly – it has a connotation of *actively* limiting something, like fat intake. Is there a more general term like "decrease" that captures the essence here?

I'm now diving deeper into WordNet. I need to consider all the provided candidates carefully. I'm going through them one by one. The provided candidates are:

1.  reduce%2:30:00:: cut down on; make a reduction in
2.  reduce%2:30:06:: make less complex
3.  reduce%2:41:00:: bring to humbler or weaker state or condition (He reduced the population to slavery)
4.  reduce%2:40:04:: simplify math equation
5.  reduce%2:37:00:: lower in grade
6.  reduce%2:30:11:: boil down
7.  reduce%2:30:05:: reduce physically (shrink)
8.  reduce%2:40:00:: lessen and make more modest
9.  reduce%2:30:04:: make smaller (scale down)
10. deoxidize
11. narrow or limit
12. put down by force
13. undergo meiosis
14. reposition bone
15. destress sound
16. abridge
17. be cooked
18. cook
19. dilute
20. take off weight

Wait, where is "decrease"?

Aha, WordNet has *20* senses for "reduce." So, I should be more precise.
Let's see: sense 1, "cut down on; make a reduction in," that's my lead contender.

I will also check the synset for the word "decrease" to see if it is relevant. "decrease, diminish, lessen, fall". Yes, indeed "reduce" can mean to decrease. However, it's not explicitly in any of the definitions provided.

Back to Candidate 1. Now, "cut down" might suggest a purposeful limitation, but "make a reduction in" applies beautifully to side effects. Let's make sure that that is indeed the correct sense. reduce%2:30:00::.

Okay, Candidate 1 seems to be the most common sense for "make less" or "reduce the amount of".

Therefore, I'll select sense 1 as the most fitting definition in this scenario.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce <t>side effects</t>, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Side Effects"**

Okay, so the prompt gives me the phrase "side effects" within the context of Alimta treatment. My immediate thought is to consider the two potential senses I have available: the general "any adverse and unwanted secondary effect" and the more specific "a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy." Given that Alimta is anti-cancer chemotherapy, it's pretty clear that the more specific sense, *side_effect%1:26:00*, is the intended meaning here. We're talking about the unwanted consequences specifically associated with a medication, not just any adverse outcome in a broader sense. It's crucial to identify the appropriate sense to understand the implications for patient care – the text suggests a combination of corticosteroids, folic acid, and vitamin B12 injections are used to reduce these medication-related side effects. Makes perfect sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, <t>patients</t> should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Lemma "Patient" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "patient," specifically the plural form "patients" in this instance. The surrounding text, "...patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid... during treatment with Alimta," is pretty straightforward. I need to figure out which sense of "patient" is being used here.

My mind immediately considers the potential senses: a person needing medical attention or, alternatively, the more abstract semantic role of an entity that *receives* some kind of action. But it's clear cut, isn't it? The context is explicitly about medication and treatment. Therefore, the usage must be the first sense: individuals under medical care.

So, sense index 1 it is. Simple enough.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: type
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "type"**

Okay, so the target is the lemma "type," and it appears as "type" in the context of "...folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12...". Hmm, the phrase "a type of vitamin" is pretty clear - it signifies a *kind* or a *subdivision* of vitamin. Let's see how well the candidate senses align with that usage.

Alright, going through the senses one by one:
1.  A subdivision of a particular kind of thing... yep, that seems like a perfect fit. "A type of vitamin" is definitely referring to a specific *subdivision* of the larger category, vitamin.
2.  A person of a specified kind... nope, definitely doesn't make sense in this context.
3.  (biology) The taxonomic group... again, no.
4.  Printed characters... not relevant here.
5.  All of the tokens of the same symbol... also incorrect.
6.  A small metal block bearing a raised character... no relevance at all.

Sense 1 is the obvious winner – it aligns perfectly with the nuance of the phrase "a type of vitamin." I can conclude this is the best sense here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injections
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive <t>injections</t> of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Injections" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at this Alimta text and the phrase "receive injections of vitamin B12." My first task is to nail down the precise meaning of "injections" here. I see three potential senses: the physical act of insertion, the substance itself (the injectant), or the procedure/act of injecting.

Given the context, I think it's most likely that "receive injections of vitamin B12" refers to *the act* of receiving the injection, not just the solution. It's like saying someone "receives shots" of something – the whole process, the procedure. Sense 3, "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe" seems to perfectly capture this. The example given, "the nurse gave him a flu shot" further reinforces this connection.

Now, could it be Sense 2, referring to the injectant? While technically correct, it doesn't quite capture the nuance of "receive." You don't *receive* the solution, you *receive* the treatment, the shot. The synonym of Sense 3 is the clarifying "shot".

Thinking through this, "receive injections of vitamin B12" is almost exactly the same as "receive shots of vitamin B12." Therefore, I'm confident that Sense 3 is the accurate interpretation here. It's the procedure, the act, the *shot* that the patient is receiving.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during <t>treatment</t> with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Treatment"**

Okay, so the target word is "treatment," and the surface form is, of course, "treatment." The context is clearly medical: patients, side effects, corticosteroids, folic acid, vitamin B12, and "Alimta." My immediate thought is, given this medical setting, that I'm looking for a medical definition.

The candidate senses are: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures)," "the management of someone or something," "a manner of dealing with something artistically," and "an extended communication." Right away, sense 1, "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures...)" leaps out as the obvious fit. The context mentions chemotherapy, a patient, and medicine which are all medical terms. This seems perfect.

I just need to double-check to be completely certain. It looks like sense index 1 is indeed the appropriate medical context that fits well with everything. It's the most appropriate choice and I am quite certain it is the right answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Given" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target word is "given," and the context is Alimta being *given* with cisplatin. Immediately, I'm thinking chemotherapy – we're talking about administering medication. Let's see...

Right, "give (as medicine)" – that's sense 19. It seems spot-on; Alimta and cisplatin are drugs, so that definition makes perfect sense. The context snippet even mentions an anti-emetic *being given* as well.

Just a quick check to verify the index... yep, index 19 is indeed the definition: "give (as medicine)." Good. Confirmed. Sense 19 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Medicine" in Context**

Alright, let's break this down. The target word is "medicine" in that sentence about Alimta and cisplatin. We've got a few potential senses floating around: first, the whole field of non-surgical medical science; second, the actual drugs and medications; third, the profession itself; and finally, punishment.

Given the surrounding text, the choice is pretty clear. The mention of an "anti-emetic medicine" immediately screams "medicinal drug." We're talking about something that's treating, preventing, or at least alleviating symptoms, specifically vomiting in this case. So, sense number two—the medication itself—is the obvious winner here. It's a straightforward application of lexical disambiguation, really. No need to overcomplicate things.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Senses of "Prevent" in Context**

Okay, the target is "prevent" in the phrase "to prevent vomiting." My initial thought is to identify the possible senses of "prevent" in this context. Let's see... WordNet gives me two options. The first, prevent%2:41:01::, is "keep from happening or arising; make impossible." Synonyms include "forestall," "foreclose," "preclude," and "forbid." The second, prevent%2:41:00::, means "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state," and the synonyms given are "keep."

Now, let's break this down. "Prevent vomiting" - vomiting is an event, an action. Sense 1, the one about keeping something from happening, looks promising, but the examples don't have "prevent" per se, they use synonyms. Sense 2 sounds different, that is stopping *someone* or *something* from doing something, but here the direct object is an event.

So, I think about the syntax, the structure here. "Prevent vomiting" is analogous to "prevent a disaster." It's about *preventing* the event itself. And then, I consider this: "prevent vomiting" is like "keep vomiting from happening," or "preclude vomiting." That seems to fit perfectly with the definition of sense 1.

The other one seems to describe stopping a thing, as in stopping *him* from doing something or spreading. The direct object in *my* instance is the event.

Let's check the examples again just to confirm. "Prevent vomiting" = "preclude vomiting", "keep vomiting from happening". That sounds like sense 1: "keep from happening or arising; make impossible". Yup, sense 1 is definitely the correct fit!


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Fluids" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the meaning of "fluids" in a medical treatment context, specifically to prevent dehydration. I'm immediately thinking of the potential senses: a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure versus a more general definition of continuous amorphous matter that flows (a liquid or a gas).

My first instinct is to check WordNet, and I see two distinct senses. Sense 1, fluid%1:27:02::, feels more relevant, as it is related to bodily fluids or medically administered liquids. Sense 2, fluid%1:27:00::, is a broader category.

Now I'm diving deeper into the WordNet hierarchy, double-checking the relationship between the two senses. Is one a hyponym of the other? No, it's not a straightforward hierarchy. Let's consult WordNet 3.0 directly. Sense 1 looks like "liquid," and I have to pause here. Is the definition of "fluid" in this context actually "liquid"?

WordNet defines "liquid" as "a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure," but wait, the candidate definition says "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure." So it's the same? It seems that in the medical context of preventing dehydration, we're definitely talking about something like water or saline: a *liquid*.

Thinking through the candidates again, it's clear: sense 1 ("a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure") corresponds directly to the intended meaning of "liquids". Therefore, it's the more specific and appropriate sense.

I have to verify this carefully, so I'm double-checking the definitions of fluid%1:27:02:: and fluid%1:27:00::. Aha, WordNet actually *defines* `liquid` as "a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure." So, it's equivalent. I'm seeing that fluid%1:27:02:: specifically has `liquid` as a synonym, while fluid%1:27:00:: is the broader hypernym.

Therefore, since the medical context of "fluids" is for preventing dehydration, it's clearly the liquid sense – candidate 1. Fluids given intravenously are, without a doubt, liquids. I'm now confident that I've accurately determined the intended meaning of "fluids" as used in this scenario.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to <t>prevent</t> dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Prevent" in Medical Context**

Okay, so the task is to nail down the right sense of "prevent" in the phrases "prevent vomiting" and "prevent dehydration." Let's dive in. I immediately see two candidates: one where "prevent" means to "keep something from happening or arising," and another where it means to "stop someone or something from doing something or being in a certain state."

In this scenario, fluids are given to... ah, that's the key... to stop *dehydration* from happening. That definitely leans towards the first sense – the "keep from happening" sense. Both vomiting and dehydration are states or events, not things *doing* something. Wait, that clinches it, like preventing an illness from manifesting.

Let's quickly check the WordNet definitions again to be sure: sense 1, "keep from happening or arising; make impossible," like "forestall, preclude." That's the one. I get hung up sometimes on the nuance.

The second sense, "stop (someone or something) from doing something," feels different. Like, you might "prevent the cancer from spreading," where the *patient* is the one being stopped from *doing* something. But here, "prevent dehydration" has "dehydration" as the object. It's an event or state, and we're trying to keep it from *happening*.

Yep, that's it. "Prevent dehydration," "prevent vomiting"—it's about keeping a state or event from arising, which is definitely sense 1. Confirmed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dehydration
Target surface form: dehydration
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent <t>dehydration</t>) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:00:: | definition=dryness resulting from the removal of water | synonyms=desiccation
2. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:01:: | definition=depletion of bodily fluids
3. sense_key=dehydration%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting moisture | synonyms=desiccation, drying up, evaporation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Dehydration" in this Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "dehydration," and the context is pretty straightforward: we're talking about a medical treatment, Alimta given with cisplatin, and the mention of giving an anti-emetic and fluids *to prevent dehydration*. My expertise immediately flags this as a medical situation, so I'm already zeroing in on the physiological aspects.

Let's look at the candidate senses. Sense 1, "dryness resulting from the removal of water," is a possibility, but it feels too broad and abstract for this medical treatment scenario. Sense 3, "the process of extracting moisture," is also probably not what's intended, as the context is the *prevention* of something, rather than the act of doing something. However, the use of fluids, and the context of medical treatment, make sense 2, "depletion of bodily fluids," jump out as the obvious correct sense. The instruction to provide fluids to prevent "dehydration" really solidifies this association. It’s pretty clear that we're dealing with the clinical consequence of fluid loss, which is a common concern in the treatment mentioned.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be <t>given</t> before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Word "Given" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target word is "given," stemming from the verb "give." The context is clearly medical, discussing Alimta and cisplatin. My immediate thought, as an expert, is to analyze its specific meaning here. "When Alimta is given with cisplatin..." That strongly suggests administration or prescription.

Let's see… The text suggests a sense of "giving" as in "administering medicine." I have several potential senses in mind but, the sense_key "give%2:40:13::", "give (as medicine)" is a direct hit! The example "I gave him the drug" solidifies this. It fits perfectly – we're talking about providing Alimta, cisplatin, anti-emetic medications, and fluids. The sense is nailed down! No ambiguity here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given <t>before</t> or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Before"**

Okay, the target word is "before" within the context of Alimta and cisplatin administration. The sentence specifies that anti-emetics and fluids should be given "before or after" the cisplatin dose. I'm given two potential senses: "earlier in time; previously" and "at or in the front."

My initial instinct is that "earlier in time" makes the most sense. It's about the temporal sequence of administration. We're concerned with when, relative to the cisplatin, the other medications should be given.

Wait a second, let's look closer. The dictionary presents both senses as adverbs, but the phrase "before or after the cisplatin dose" feels more like a prepositional usage here. WordNet sometimes handles prepositions in an unconventional way or classifies them as adverbs. Regardless, in this context, the key difference between the senses comes down to whether the "before" refers to earlier in time.

Given the goal of preventing vomiting and dehydration in relation to the cisplatin dose, the temporal sense – "earlier in time" – aligns perfectly. "At or in the front" doesn't fit the context at all. It's purely a matter of the timing of the administration in relation to the cisplatin. So the clear choice is Sense 1: "earlier in time."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: after
Target surface form: after
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or <t>after</t> the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=after%4:02:01:: | definition=happening at a time subsequent to a reference time | synonyms=subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, later on | examples=he apologized subsequently; he's going to the store but he'll be back here later
2. sense_key=after%4:02:00:: | definition=behind or in the rear | examples=and Jill came tumbling after

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "After"**

Okay, the target lemma is "after," and the surface form is also "after." The context is "...fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." My initial thought is to identify the correct sense. Looking at the candidates, I see two possibilities: one related to time ("subsequently, later") and the other to space/position ("behind or in the rear").

Hmm, in this context, "after" functions as a preposition, indicating a temporal relationship. WordNet, as I recall, doesn't always explicitly categorize prepositions; it sometimes represents them as adverbs or adjectives, which the mapping script accounts for.

Let's revisit the candidate senses. Sense 1 is about "happening at a time subsequent to a reference time," which is clearly a temporal concept. Sense 2 is about being "behind or in the rear," which relates to space or position.

The context, "before or after the cisplatin dose," is unequivocally about time – specifically, a time following the cisplatin dose. Therefore, I'm confident that Sense 1, with its temporal meaning, is the correct match.

I'll double-check this: "before or after the cisplatin dose" translates directly to "subsequent to." My chosen sense, Sense 1, includes the synonyms "subsequently, later, afterwards," which reinforces this temporal interpretation. In contrast, Sense 2, "behind or in the rear," is clearly irrelevant here.

Therefore, Sense 1 is definitely the intended meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin <t>dose</t>. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Dose" in Context**

Okay, the target word is "dose." The sentence mentions "cisplatin dose," and I need to figure out the correct sense of "dose" here. Let's see... I've got a few candidates. The first, dose%1:06:00, is a "measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" – sounds promising. Then there's dose%1:23:00, which is the "quantity of an active agent taken in." We also have some less relevant senses, but I'll ignore those.

Given that cisplatin is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug, the context of giving it "before or after" points to a medicinal application. It’s a medicine! That "measured portion" sense seems like the best fit. I'm imagining giving a specific amount of medicine.

Let's do a quick double-check with WordNet to confirm. Okay, sense 1 (dose%1:06:00) belongs to noun.artifact (medicines). Sense 2 (dose%1:23:00) belongs to noun.quantity, which also fits. However, "a dose of a medicine" implies giving a measured amount of medicine (sense 1). Since cisplatin *is* the medicine, "measured portion of medicine" really nails it. Ultimately, dose%1:06:00 is definitely the correct sense, I'm sure of it.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: Treatment
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. <t>Treatment</t> should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Treatment" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the prompt is asking me to zero in on the word "Treatment," and the surrounding sentence clearly points to a medical context. We're talking about a chemotherapy drug, Alimta, dealing with abnormal blood counts and side effects. That immediately narrows the field of possible meanings. Let's see...

I'm thinking about the possible definitions, and first, "care provided to improve a situation, especially medical procedures..." That's immediately spot on! It perfectly aligns with discussing dosages, delays, and discontinuations of a drug based on patient health. The intent is to relieve illness.

Let me quickly run through the other definitions just to be sure... "Management of someone or something" - No, doesn't fit the context. "A manner of dealing with something artistically" - definitely not. "An extended communication..." Nope. This has nothing to do with correspondence.

So, yeah, it's crystal clear. Sense 1 is the winner. "Treatment" here is absolutely referring to the medical intervention, the care, the procedures, and applications aimed at helping the patient. It's the most precise and accurate definition given the medical framing of the sentence.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: delay
Target surface form: delayed
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be <t>delayed</t> or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=delay%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to be slowed down or delayed | synonyms=detain, hold up | examples=Traffic was delayed by the bad weather; she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform
2. sense_key=delay%2:42:00:: | definition=act later than planned, scheduled, or required | examples=Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered
3. sense_key=delay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=stay, detain | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
4. sense_key=delay%2:30:05:: | definition=slow the growth or development of | synonyms=check, retard | examples=The brain damage will retard the child's language development

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Delayed"**

Okay, so the lemma is "delay," surface form "delayed," and the context is "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued." My initial thought is to run through the candidate senses: cause to be slowed down, act later than planned, stop or halt, and slow growth. "Delayed" here clearly means postponement. Which sense captures that best?

Sense 2, "act later than planned," seems promising, similar to "postponed." The example "Don't delay your application" fits – the action is pushed later. I'm checking the structure, "delay treatment," transitive verb. Sense 2 matches with its example. Also, Sense 1 is "cause to be slowed down." The example, "She delayed the work" seems close, similar to "delayed treatment."

Let me confirm with WordNet, comparing these verb senses: cause to be slowed down and act later.  "Don't delay your application" for sense 2 seems very relevant, compared to "she delayed the work." Is "Treatment should be delayed" like Sense 1 or 2?  Postponement is usually Sense 2, and the structure of "Treatment should be delayed" means that the action of the treatment is postponed, just like "delay your application."

Okay, let's analyze "delay treatment" = act later. Yes, it's about doing the treatment later than the schedule.  "Treatment should be delayed...meaning the next dose is postponed."

Now, let's compare those definitions more closely. With Sense 1,  "detain, hold up." The treatment isn't slowed down, it's postponed, so sense 1 isn't right. Sense 2 fits: acting later, postponement of treatment.

I'm thinking about the WordNet categories. Change is a 2:30. Is 2:42 like time or social verbs? No, 2:42 is a verb of stative, change is 2:30. "She delayed the work" is 2:30.

Now, let me go through the WordNet senses again: "cause to be slowed down" for 1, and "act later than planned" for 2. The context is "the scheduled administration of the drug is pushed to a later date." It's scheduling.

Does "delay" relate to the synonym "postpone"?
"Postpone" is separate; sometimes WordNet doesn't put "delay" and "postpone" in the same synset. The synonyms for "postpone" are `postpone, prorogue, hold over, put over, table, shelve, set back, defer, remit, put off`, but not "delay". "She delayed the work" is more of a sense 1 verb, while "delay your application" is a sense 2 verb. Treatment is like an application, a scheduled event. Treatment is similar to "delay the act of treating"

Therefore, I think "act later than planned, scheduled, or required" (sense 2) is the best fit. I'm focusing on "Treatment should be delayed...in patients whose blood counts are abnormal" – the *scheduled* treatment is being pushed back. The doctor is acting later, in this case.  The traffic example, "slowed down" doesn't fit here.  Sense 2 matches "the giving of treatment should be done later than scheduled." Therefore, I'm choosing Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discontinue
Target surface form: discontinued
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or <t>discontinued</t>, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
2. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:01:: | definition=come to or be at an end | examples=the support from our sponsoring agency will discontinue after March 31
3. sense_key=discontinue%2:30:00:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, stop | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 3
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 3
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Dissecting the Meaning of "Discontinued" in a Medical Context**

Okay, here's the breakdown of my thought process. The target is "discontinued" in relation to treatment. My immediate thought is, what does it *really* mean in this setting? Does it just mean "stop," or is there a more nuanced sense at play? I begin by considering several candidate senses: "put an end to an activity," "come to an end," or "prevent completion."

The phrase "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued" immediately points to stopping a course of action. I consider "discontinue" in the medical sense which leans towards stopping a treatment. I know I have to get this right. Thinking about examples I can see the possible senses.

I check WordNet, and it lays out those same three senses. I immediately think that sense 3, "prevent completion," looks very promising. "Treatment" feels like a process, like a project that has a scheduled end. I go back and compare what I know of the other senses.

I consider the synonyms for each sense. For sense 1, it is "stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off." Sense 3, has "break, break off, stop." While sense 1 seems to work, sense 3 (prevent completion) now feels like the more correct application in this scenario. I think through examples in either sense, and what feels more natural in the medical context.

Thinking about the passive voice of "treatment should be discontinued" I start to lean more towards "prevent completion."

I begin to refine my thinking to consider the direct object of the word "discontinue" in each sense. I know I need to be more clear in the direct object. If you are going to "discontinue" something, the object in the sense of "prevent completion," is something that has a planned end. The "treatment" is a regimen, it has a schedule. So, stopping it before it's finished is to "prevent completion".

I then compare the sense of stopping treatment with "discontinue" as it applies to other activities. I think of the difference. What about sense 3? "stop the project; break off the negotiations".

I go back and clarify the definition of the word. Is stopping treatment preventing completion? The answer is yes.

I clarify more. Sense 3, "stop the project", means you are preventing its completion. Is "discontinue treatment" closer to sense 1 or sense 3? It must be sense 3. I see it fits the scheduled regimen of the treatment.

I refine the definition with "delay or discontinue" and the direct object. "Delay" refers to pushing back the completion, but "discontinue" means stop the completion.

I am pretty sure the right fit is sense 3. I check one more time with WordNet. The sense of change or state, in this application points toward prevent completion. I know I need to be thorough.

I see that "delay" implies a timeline. "Discontinue" implies cutting that timeline short. Again, this points towards "preventing completion" perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the <t>dose</t> reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Dose" in Context**

Okay, the target is "dose," and the surface form matches. The context is clearly medical, specifically dealing with Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. My immediate thought is, "This is about a medicine *dose*." Let's look at the candidate senses.

Sense 1: "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" (synonym: dosage) – Bingo! That seems like a perfect fit.

Sense 2: "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time" (synonym: dosage) – This is broader and could *potentially* apply, but the emphasis on "active agent" makes me pause.

Reading the surrounding sentences, "Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor...The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg..." reinforces my initial instinct: this is definitely about *Alimta's* dose. The phrase "the dose reduced" in the target sentence clearly refers back to the dose of this medicine.

So, let's compare those senses explicitly. Sense 1 is about a "measured portion of *medicine*," which aligns perfectly with Alimta. Sense 2 is about an "active agent (substance or radiation)". While Alimta *is* an active agent, the definition in Sense 1 is more specific to the context. I'm confident that Sense 1 is the better match, given the definition explicitly includes "medicine", and Alimta is, without a doubt, a medicine. Sense 2 sounds a little more generic.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduced
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose <t>reduced</t>, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image
10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Reduced" in Context**

Okay, the word is "reduced," derived from "reduce," and the sentence reads "...the dose reduced..." My immediate thought is, "What does 'reduced' mean here?" Let's see... the context points towards adjusting a dosage, so I need to pinpoint the correct sense. I'll quickly check the potential senses.

1.  "Cut down on; make a reduction in" - that feels spot-on for a dose. Synonyms like "cut down," "cut back," and "trim" are all relevant to quantities.
2.  "Reduce in size; reduce physically" - no, the dose isn't literally shrinking.
3.  "Lessen and make more modest" - possibly, but it's too general. We're dealing with a specific quantity, a medication.
4.  "Make smaller" - This is close, like making a physical quantity smaller.
5.  "Narrow or limit" - not quite; it's not about the scope, but the amount.

Ah, "cut down on; make a reduction in" fits the bill perfectly! The dose *is* the amount being altered. So, I need to make sure I'm zeroing in on this being the most apt meaning.

"The dose *is* reduced"... it all clicks now. Sense 1 (reduce%2:30:00::) is definitely the most fitting and standard sense for decreasing an amount, whether it's intake, benefits, or, in this case, a medication dose. It's the standard.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in <t>patients</t> whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Patients" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the task is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "patients" in this sentence. The surface form is "patients," and the lemma is "patient." The context is clearly medical, dealing with treatments, blood counts, and side effects. I've got two candidate senses: "a person who requires medical care" and something more abstract, a semantic role, which, given the immediate context, seems unlikely.

My initial instinct, and honestly, the only plausible one here, is that "patients" refers to the individuals receiving medical attention. The context – delays, discontinuations, dose reductions related to blood counts and side effects – screams "people needing medical care." The focus is on the human subjects of the treatment, the individuals who are experiencing these effects. Therefore, sense 1, "a person who requires medical care," is the clear and concise match. No need to overthink this one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blood_count
Target surface form: blood counts
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose <t>blood counts</t> are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blood_count%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample
2. sense_key=blood_count%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Blood Counts"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to determine the correct sense of "blood_count" in this sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." The surface form is "blood counts," which is plural, indicating something measured multiple times or in general.

The potential senses I'm given are: (1) "the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample" and (2) "the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample."

Now, let's break down the context. The crucial phrase is "blood counts are abnormal." Thinking through this logically, "abnormal" refers to a value, a result, a numerical outcome. The context implies that the *results* of the blood count are the problem. It's not that the process of *doing* the blood count is abnormal, but rather that the numbers themselves are outside the expected range. If it had been about the process itself, the wording would have been different, likely involving mention of an irregular process or methodology.

Therefore, sense 1, "the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample," aligns perfectly with the sentence. That sense reflects the data. Sense 2, "the act of estimating," refers to the procedure, but the sentence is about the *state* of the counts. So, it's clear that sense 1 is the appropriate interpretation here.