[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Sense of "Shown" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target is the verb "shown" in the context of "Alimta shown benefit." My expert intuition tells me that I need to determine the precise meaning of "shown" here. I considered the various possible senses, from giving an exhibition to providing evidence. The subject is a drug, "Alimta", and the question asks about a *benefit* it "shown."

I quickly rule out senses like making something *literally* visible, and instead focus on senses 2 ("establish validity"), 3 ("provide evidence"), and 4 ("make visible/noticeable"). Considering Alimta's purpose as a drug, I begin to favor senses that relate to exhibiting a result or a quality. "Alimta showed a benefit" is similar to a "drug showing efficacy."

Initially, I'm drawn to "demonstrate" as a synonym. "What benefit has Alimta demonstrated?" sounds right in a scientific context and aligns with sense 2, to "establish the validity." However, I realize that it isn't "Alimta" itself that establishes validity, but rather a *study* that does, and the drug "produces" or "exhibits" the benefit within the study.

Then, I focused on sense 4. "make visible or noticeable" is starting to click. If "Alimta showed a benefit", then "Alimta made a benefit visible." This felt very good. The drug's action "made the benefit apparent."

I start to lean towards "exhibit a quality" which aligns perfectly with this "make visible or noticeable."

While the drug doesn't *prove* the benefit in the same way an experiment proves a theory (sense 2), it *exhibits* the benefit, making it clear in the context of the study. This aligns better with the idea that the drug is the subject, the thing *doing* the showing, like "She showed her talent for cooking."

So, after careful consideration of synonyms and example sentences, I have to go with Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Meaning of "Studies" in the Alimta Context**

Okay, so the question is, what benefit has Alimta shown *during the studies*? My initial thought is to figure out the exact meaning of "studies" here. It's in the context of clinical trials, which test a medication, so it has to be about *how* Alimta was tested. Is "study" referring to the detailed process, the written document, or something else entirely?

I went through the different senses of "study". I know the core idea of clinical trials. I focused on senses most relevant to clinical research. Sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection" – synonyms: survey) caught my eye immediately. Also, Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings") is an option, but that doesn't seem to fit the phrase "during the studies". It seems like sense 1 is referring to the act of investigating something. I have to verify that, though.

I re-read the context phrases: "in one main study", "in a study involving patients", and "during the studies". That confirms my initial hunch that it's the *process* of investigation that's implied. I needed to see if it fit.

I checked WordNet for the specific sense of "study" (study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey). This looks spot on. It is a detailed critical inspection. I see a distinction between an act (the process of studying) and the document. This is clinical, so it is an investigation.

Clinical trials are an investigation. Then I confirmed that it is the act. I can rule out the other senses.

Considering all this, I'm confident that sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection") is the closest. "Survey" is a good synonym for "study". This is the definition because it refers to the process of studying patients and drug efficacy. "During the studies" means during the investigation, not the document. Sense 1 is correct.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta <t>increased</t> the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Increased"**

Okay, so the task at hand is to pinpoint the correct meaning of "increased" in this sentence: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." My initial assessment focuses on the word's behavior within the sentence structure. I have two candidate senses to consider: "become bigger or greater in amount" (intransitive) and "make bigger or more" (transitive).

Immediately, the subject-verb-object structure of the sentence becomes crucial. "Alimta" acts as the subject, performing the action, and "the survival time" is the direct object, the thing being acted upon. Thinking about the candidate senses, the intransitive sense (sense 1) doesn't fit here. It describes a change within something, not an action *on* something. An example being, "The amount of work increased." The word doesn't have an object.

Sense 2, the transitive definition, is a perfect match. "Alimta *made bigger or more* the survival time." The verb "increased" directly acts upon and modifies the object "survival time." So, the correct sense is the transitive one, "make bigger or more." Simple sentence structure analysis provides a confident disambiguation here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the <t>survival</t> time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Survival" in Context**

Okay, so the target lemma here is "survival," and the context mentions that Alimta increased the "survival time" of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Right away, my expert intuition kicks in. I need to zero in on the intended meaning of "survival" within this specific sentence.

I've got three candidate senses to consider: "a state of surviving; remaining alive," "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment," and "something that survives." The key is "survival time." That clearly relates to *duration* of life. Sense 1, "a state of surviving; remaining alive," fits like a glove. It's all about how long these patients are *alive*.

Sense 2, the evolutionary aspect, is completely irrelevant here. While the concept of survival of the fittest is always interesting, it doesn't fit the clinical context at all. This is about medical outcomes, not evolutionary adaptation. Similarly, Sense 3, a surviving artifact, isn't what's intended here either. I think that is self-explanatory, as it doesn't apply to living people at all.

So, concluding based on this analysis, the best match is unequivocally sense 1. It is exactly what is meant when we're talking about the "survival time" of a group of patients.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival <t>time</t> of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantics of "Time" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target word is "time," and the context is "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." My initial task is to pin down the correct semantic sense of "time" here. I've got a list of ten candidate senses, and I need to select the most appropriate one.

My expert intuition immediately suggests that "survival time" refers to a duration, a period of existence. Let's look at the options. Sense 1 (instance), Sense 6 (experience on an occasion), Sense 7 (clock time), Sense 8 (fourth coordinate), Sense 9 (rhythm/meter), and Sense 10 (prison term) are clearly off the mark. Sense 4 (suitable moment) and Sense 5 (continuum of experience) seem wrong, so I'll exclude them at once.

That leaves me with Sense 2 ("a period of time considered as a resource") and Sense 3 ("an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)").

While *time* can certainly be framed as a *resource* when considering a patient's prognosis, the direct implication of "survival time" is a period defined by the attribute of surviving. Sense 3, "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)," seems like the better fit. The example provided "he waited a long time" or "the time of year for planting" illustrate that connection precisely.

I need to confirm this. Re-reading the sentence in light of that sense definition, it's a perfect match: "Alimta increased the period of time the patients were surviving." That is an indefinite period, marked specifically by the activity/attribute of survival. Sense 2 - "resource" - doesn't fit the phrase as neatly as the period defined by the attribute of survival. Therefore, I can confidently select index 3: time%1:28:00::


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of <t>patients</t> with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Landscape of "Patients"**

Okay, so the key word here is "patients." My task is to pin down its precise meaning within this specific sentence: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." Let's break this down systematically.

My initial candidate senses pop into focus: First, the obvious definition – a person requiring medical care, which is the most common and intuitive. For example, "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly". Second, a slightly more abstract perspective: "patients" could also be seen as the entity directly affected by the verb, "increased." This is the core subject of the action in the phrase.

However, considering the wider context, this isn't a general piece; it's a medical study. We are dealing with survival time, mesothelioma, and the drug "Alimta". This immediately narrows the scope. Any expert in oncology can immediately see the connotation.

Therefore, sense one is the only logical choice. Clearly, in this clinical setting, "patients" unequivocally refers to individuals receiving medical attention and treatment for their malignant pleural mesothelioma. There are no competing interpretations. The semantic role of patients is simply being a human patient in the most basic of terms.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: Patients
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. <t>Patients</t> receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Lemma "Patient" in Medical Context**

Okay, so the task at hand involves the lemma "patient", appearing in its plural form, "Patients." The provided context centers on medical treatment, specifically mentioning "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months..." Given my expertise in this area, it's immediately clear that the relevant sense is the first one presented: a "person who requires medical care." There's absolutely no ambiguity here. While the second sense, referencing semantic roles in linguistics, is technically valid, the medical context definitively excludes that interpretation. The sentence structure and vocabulary leave no room for misunderstanding; the word *patient* clearly refers to the individuals undergoing treatment. My analysis is complete.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin <t>survived</t> for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Survived" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct sense of "survived" in this sentence: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." The target form is "survived", and the base lemma is "survive". Let's lay out the potential senses and then dissect the context.

I see four candidate senses:

1.  Continue to live through hardship or adversity. Synonyms like "last", "live", "live on", "endure".
2.  Continue in existence after an adversity.  Synonyms: "pull through", "make it".
3.  Support oneself.  Synonyms: "exist", "subsist".
4.  Live longer than.  Synonyms: "outlive".

The key phrase here is "survived for an average of 12.1 months." My initial thought is that it's about the *duration* of their lives. So, "survived for" is strongly suggesting a duration. Looking at the senses, I'm leaning toward Sense 1, but I need to be sure.

Let's examine Sense 1 in more detail: "continue to live through hardship or adversity".  Now, patients *do* face a hardship (the cancer). However, the sentence focuses on how long they *lived*, not specifically the adversity.  The synonyms here, especially "last" and "live", resonate.  It is akin to saying, "The patients *lasted* for 12.1 months," or "They *lived* for 12.1 months."

Now, comparing this to the other senses, Sense 2 (continue in existence *after* an adversity) seems less appropriate. Sense 2 is transitive; the sentence doesn't present "survived the cancer" but "survived for an average...". So, it's not about surviving a single event.

Sense 3 ("support oneself") and Sense 4 ("live longer than") don't fit the context at all.

I'm pretty certain. Sense 1 is the best fit. "Survived for" is used to describe the duration of a patient's life, implying they continued to live through their illness. This is essentially the "live" or "last" sense of the verb "survive". In WordNet, this is often represented as "live on", or "continue to live". The fact that the patients are facing a disease adds an element of adversity, but the key is that they lived for a period of time.

So, the definitive sense index here is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an <t>average</t> of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Average" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "average," and the surface form is just "average" – straightforward enough. The context is survival times, specifically, "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."

Let's see what the senses are. Sense 1 is the "statistic describing the location of a distribution," essentially the statistical average or mean. Sense 2 relates to sports ratios, and Sense 3 is the "intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual."

My initial thought is that "an average of 12.1 months" leans towards a computed statistic, therefore the mean. It's a calculated value, the mean survival time. I see that “an average of 12.1 months” is referencing the mathematically computed average, aligning it with Sense 1.

I pause here, though, and consider Sense 3, with its "intermediate scale value" definition, thinking about the example "he is about average in height." Does "average" here just mean normal, usual, or typical?

I revisit the definitions in WordNet. Sense 1 is the statistic – the norm. Sense 3, a more typical value.

The phrase "an average of 12.1 months" *strongly* suggests the mean, a statistic derived from a distribution of survival times. The survival time data clearly forms a distribution, and 12.1 months is the location of that distribution (the mean, median, etc.). It’s definitely a computed *statistic*. The sentence is describing the central tendency of the data. Thus, it’s clearly Sense 1, the mathematical sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 <t>months</t>, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Temporal Unit**

Okay, so the text is using "months" to describe how long someone survived. Right away, I'm thinking, is this a *calendar month* or a *unit of time*? Let's break it down.

Candidate 1 is that specific calendar division, January, February...you know, one of the twelve slices of the year. But that doesn't seem to fit here. We're talking about a *duration* ("survived for an average of 12.1 months"), not a specific calendar period.

Candidate 2, though, that seems much more promising. A "month" as in a unit of time, roughly 30 days. He was given a *month* to pay the bill. That's what we're after.

It's measuring a *duration*. So, "12.1 months" has to be 12.1 of these time units, roughly 30 days each.

Ah, yeah, Candidate 1, that's definitely a red herring. It's about a *period* of time. Candidate 2, that's the one.

Just to be absolutely sure, let's circle back. "12.1 months" equals roughly 12.1 periods of time, 30 days a piece. Candidate 2 it is. Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, <t>compared</t> with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Verb "Compared" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "compare," and the surface form in this sentence is "compared." The context is clear: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." Right away, I see "compared" functioning as a past participle or adjective, derived from the verb.

My initial thought is to zero in on that "compared with" construction. It screams *examination of differences* to me. Let's look at the candidate senses. I have:

1.  compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of
2.  compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable
3.  compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous
4.  compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

In "compared with 9.3 months," the core action seems to be precisely that: *examining and noting the difference* between 12.1 months and 9.3 months. It's a direct comparison of those two figures, highlighting a difference. It's not about being *comparable* in general, as in sense 2 ("This car does not compare with..."). Nor is it about *likening* one to the other (sense 3). And it's definitely not about the grammatical construction of comparative or superlative forms (sense 4). "Compared with" is being used to show the difference between two durations.

Sense 1, "examine and note the similarities or differences of," feels like a perfect fit. It's the most appropriate meaning given this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 <t>months</t> in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Months" in Context**

Okay, so the word I need to understand is "months," and it's being used in this phrase: "...survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months..." My expert intuition tells me to immediately consider the potential senses. I'm seeing two that are relevant: the specific divisions of the calendar year (like January) and a more general time unit of roughly thirty days.

Given the context, the meaning is clear. We're talking about survival duration here. It's the *length of time* that’s being discussed, not specific points on a calendar. The phrase "survived for an average of..." *screams* duration. I immediately eliminate the calendar sense. Therefore, the second sense, the time unit—approximately thirty days—is definitively the correct interpretation in this instance. This is a straightforward application of contextual semantic disambiguation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the <t>treatment</t> of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Context of "Treatment"**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the most accurate meaning of "treatment" in this sentence about Alimta's efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. My initial thought process immediately gravitates towards the medical domain, given the keywords: "patients," "lung cancer," and the drug name "Alimta."

Let's quickly run through the senses offered. "Care provided to improve a situation, especially medical procedures..." - bingo! That's the one. It perfectly captures the intent here: alleviating illness, specifically through a medical intervention. The context clearly revolves around an anticancer drug, and patient care; the idea of "management of someone or something" (sense 2), artistic "manner of dealing" (sense 3) or an "extended communication" (sense 4) - are all completely off the mark. The sentence specifically mentions "anticancer medicine," and chemotherapy. So, in this instance, treatment clearly refers to a medical intervention aimed at relieving or improving the condition of patients with this specific type of cancer. Therefore, sense number one is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of <t>patients</t> with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Patients"**

Okay, here's the breakdown. The word I need to understand is "patients," found in the phrase, "...treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer..." My focus is on the *specific* meaning of "patients" in this particular context. I've got two candidate senses to consider, both from WordNet, of course:

First, there's "patient%1:18:00::" which is pretty straightforward: a person who needs medical attention. Makes sense.

Then we've got "patient%1:10:00::" which is more about the semantic role - the "patient" as the one acted upon. I immediately recognize this as less relevant.

Considering the context, with mentions of "treatment," "anticancer medicine," and "non-small cell lung cancer," it's blindingly obvious that we're dealing with medical care. The definition that fits is Sense 1. The word "patients" in this phrase is certainly referring to individuals receiving medical care.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
Here's my analysis of the term "cell" within the context of "non-small cell lung cancer":

**Dissecting the Meaning of "Cell" in Oncology**

Okay, the target word is "cell," and it's embedded within "non-small cell lung cancer." My mind immediately jumps to the biological definition – sense 2, that's the one: "the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms." The other senses are clearly red herrings in this medical context – no tiny compartments, electrical components, political divisions, mobile phones, or monastic quarters are relevant here. "Non-small cell lung cancer" is, definitively, a disease concerning the biological entities that make up lung tissue. Therefore, the biological definition of "cell" is the *only* pertinent one. We're talking about cancerous cells, errant versions of the body's fundamental building blocks. Case closed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as <t>effective</t> as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Effective" in this Context**

Okay, so the target is "effective," the surface form is "effective," and the context is about Alimta, an anticancer medicine, being as effective as other treatments for lung cancer. My initial thought is that we're talking about how well this medicine *works*.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1.  "producing or capable of producing an intended result..." seems relevant, but a bit broad.
2.  "able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; (competent)" is also general.
3.  Now this one is interesting: "works well as a means or remedy (efficacious)." That sounds promising.
4.  "exerting force or influence (operative)" feels like a bit of a stretch in this context.
5.  "existing in fact (actual)" definitely doesn't fit.
6.  "ready for service (operational)" is way off base.

Sense 3's definition, "works well as a means or remedy," jumps out because we're evaluating a medicine. It's *being* used as a remedy. The examples provided support this: "an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat." Perfect fit.

However, let's just make sure sense 1 doesn't work. Sense 1 is defined as "producing or capable of producing an intended result", and has synonyms "effectual, efficacious". That's very similar to sense 3, but I'm looking at effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00. This is the definition of "works well as a means or remedy" I'm assessing.

Okay, comparing sense 1's examples: "an air-cooled motor was more effective...; effective teaching methods," I am still more convinced that "works well as a means or remedy" is appropriate.

Considering the context of the sentence, "Alimta was as effective as the comparators," when applied to a medicine, it is clear to me it aligns with "works well as a means or remedy." Yes, "effective" *applied* to a medicine *clearly* aligns with sense 3. So, for the medicine, "works well as a means or remedy" is absolutely the most appropriate meaning. I am certain that sense 3, "effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00," is the correct sense to choose here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In <t>patients</t> who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Context of "Patients"**

Okay, so the target word is "patients," and the surface form is plural, "patients." The surrounding text discusses medical studies involving the drug Alimta, specifically mentioning "patients who had received chemotherapy in the past." Right away, the context screams "medical."

I've got two senses to consider: Sense 1, which is "a person who requires medical care," and Sense 2, which deals with semantic roles, where the "patient" isn't the active agent. Given that chemotherapy is mentioned, and the context revolves around medical studies, the meaning is unequivocally Sense 1. This is a straightforward instance where the context provides strong disambiguation cues. No need to overthink it; the medical setting clearly defines the appropriate meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Past" in Context**

Okay, so the target is "past" in the phrase "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past...". Right, so immediately my brain goes to "elapsed time" or "previously." Let's break down the possible senses:

*   **Sense 1:** The time that has elapsed – the general, temporal "past" (think "forget the past," or "past times"). This is what I'm leaning toward.
*   **Sense 2:** An earlier period in someone's life, especially one that might hold secrets ("reporters dug into the candidate's past"). Interesting, but less likely here.
*   **Sense 3:** The verb tense – the past tense. Definitely not.

Yeah, I think sense 1 is the money shot. "In the past" *perfectly* aligns with "in the time that has elapsed". To be absolutely sure, let's just confirm that:

So, to reiterate, sense 1: the time that has elapsed.

"had received chemotherapy in the past" basically means past%1:28:00::.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Average" in This Context**

Okay, the word in question is "average," and the context is patient survival time after chemotherapy with Alimta. My immediate thought is, in this clinical setting, "average" is almost certainly a statistical measure. I need to be precise here, so I'm mentally running through the candidate senses.

Let's see, "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" – that feels spot-on. It's the "mean," the thing we're trying to nail down when looking at a group of patient outcomes.

Then I am considering the other senses. Sense 6 is median, and 5 is modal. While they are types of averages, the term "average survival time" in a clinical trial practically screams "mean" to me. It's standard practice in this type of literature. The synonyms for sense 1 include "mean", which clinches the deal. The others, like "lacking distinction" or "middle of the scale," aren't relevant here. The intent is to give a statistical summary of the patient cohort's experiences.

Therefore, my best bet is sense 1. We are using "average" to represent the central tendency of a dataset, most likely the mean. It's the most mathematically sensible and clinically appropriate definition in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Nuances of "Survival" in This Context**

Okay, the word I need to unpack here is "survival." The context gives me a vital clue: "the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta..." Right away, my expertise kicks in, and I know this points toward the *state* of surviving, specifically in a medical setting. I have to think about the different ways this word manifests.

Let's break it down. I can see that the three core meanings are: 1) a state of surviving, or *remaining alive* - that sounds correct; 2) a natural process resulting in evolution, which wouldn't make sense; and 3) something that survives. The context of "survival time" absolutely directs me to the *duration* of life.

Therefore, sense 1, *a state of surviving; remaining alive*, is the definitive fit here. It's the most appropriate definition for understanding "survival time."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Time" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the correct sense of "time" in the phrase "average survival time" within this medical context. The surface form is straightforward – it's just "time".

First, I examine the context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel." "Survival time" here clearly refers to a duration – specifically, the duration of a patient's survival, measured in months.

Now, let's consider the candidate senses. I briefly review the options: occasions, resources, a continuum, rhythms, and prison terms are all clearly inappropriate. My focus narrows on the senses that deal with duration or periods of time. Sense 3, "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" seems immediately promising. The example provided ("he waited a long time") fits the bill as does the idea of 8.3 months being a "period."

The phrase “period of time” as in WordNet, is the appropriate sense. "Survival time" aligns perfectly with sense 3, where "period of time" or just "time" can denote an amount of time.

To be certain, I confirm the WordNet sense associated with this usage. Sense 3 is time%1:28:00::, which perfectly encapsulates the period of time concept. It's a period marked by the attribute of "survival." Therefore, sense 3 is the most accurate representation of "time" in this particular context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 <t>months</t> with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Months" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target is "months," and the surface form is "months." The surrounding text mentions survival time in chemotherapy patients, specifically "8.3 months." I need to determine the correct sense of "months" here. Let's break down the possibilities:

We have two strong candidates: the calendar month sense, which refers to one of the twelve divisions of the year, or the duration sense, meaning a time unit of approximately 30 days. Clearly, "8.3 months" is a measurement of *duration*. It isn't referring to a period starting in January and ending in September! It's how long patients lived on average. The fact that it's a measurement instantly tips me toward the second sense.

My gut feeling is that the second sense, the "time unit" sense, is correct. To confirm this, I need to find evidence. Consider the example "he was given a month to pay the bill". This directly aligns with the context. Therefore, sense 2 is correct here. We're dealing with a temporal duration, not calendar months.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, <t>compared</t> with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Usage of "Compared"**

Okay, the target word is "compared" within the phrase "compared with" in that clinical trial sentence. My initial thought is to zero in on what it's *doing* in that context. The sentence is about survival times: 8.3 months versus 7.9 months. It's obviously used to highlight a difference.

Let's break down the possible senses. There's the straightforward "examine and note similarities or differences," which seems like a natural fit. We also have "be comparable," "consider as similar/equal," and the grammatical comparison. Considering the context, I think we can dismiss "be comparable" right away – it's not stating whether the two are *able* to be compared, but actively *is* comparing them. Grammatical comparison doesn't work, so it's not a grammatical function. The third sense feels too strong. We aren't equating the survival times as identical, more describing them as different.

So, I'm leaning heavily towards Sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of." Let's confirm: sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of. Bingo. This is clearly a case of examining the difference between two data points. That's the correct interpretation. The phrase "compared with" functions as a past participle modifying the phrase and the action is indeed to note the difference.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 <t>months</t> with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing the Temporal Unit "Months"**

Okay, so the word "months" is the key temporal element in this survival data. Let's break down its meaning in the sentence, "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel." Clearly, we're dealing with a unit of time, not, say, the calendar month of October.

My expertise immediately flags two potential senses: the standard calendar month, as in "I paid the bill last *month*", or the more general time unit of approximately 30 days, relevant when we say "he was given a *month* to pay the bill".

Given the context – specifically, we're measuring the *duration* of survival (7.9 months, 8.3 months) – it's absolutely the latter. The sentence describes a *period* of time, not a specific point on the calendar. So, sense 2 is the clear and correct interpretation here. It's a fundamental understanding, but important to clarify for precision.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Patients" in Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at "patients" in the phrase "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past..." and immediately my mind jumps to the possible senses. We've got two contenders here: "a person who requires medical care" (patient%1:18:00::) and then there's the semantic role meaning, basically the one being acted upon, as in "the patient *receives* the treatment" (patient%1:10:00::).

Given the context, the first sense is the obvious one. We're talking about chemotherapy, so we're dealing with medical treatment. It's clear that we are referring to individuals undergoing medical care and treatment for cancer. Sense one is the most specific to the situation described.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Past"**

Okay, the target word here is "past," and the context is, "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups." I need to determine the specific sense of "past" being used here.

My initial candidates are:

1.  "the time that has elapsed" – Think of "past times," or "yesteryear." This seems like a likely candidate.
2.  "an earlier period in someone's life, often one that is secret" – The personal, possibly shadowy, "past." Think of digging into a candidate's past.
3.  "a verb tense" – The linguistic sense of the past tense.

In this specific context, "in the past" clearly refers to a duration of time before the current point. It's not about a hidden personal history or a grammatical concept. Therefore, my intuitive sense, sense 1, "the time that has elapsed," seems to be the most appropriate meaning.

Let me just quickly confirm: "in the past" clearly translates to "in past times," or "previously." That solidifies the notion that this is indeed Sense 1 (past%1:28:00::). Sense 2, referring to someone's personal and possibly hidden history, is clearly not what is intended here. And Sense 3 is obviously not relevant.

So, yes, Sense 1 is the correct interpretation. I'm satisfied.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantic Nuances of "Average" in Medical Contexts**

Okay, so I'm looking at this phrase, "average survival time was 10.3 months," and the first thing that jumps out is the use of "average" as an adjective. My expert instinct immediately tells me we're dealing with a statistical concept here. Let me break it down: we're talking about the mathematical or statistical average - the *mean*.

Now, let's consider the candidate senses for "average". I've got a few options in the thesaurus:

1.  *average%5:00:02:normal:01* - "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value; synonyms: mean". Bingo! This is the most likely fit.
2.  *average%5:00:00:common:01* - "lacking special distinction (ordinary)." This doesn't apply.
3.  *average%5:00:00:ordinary:00* - "lacking exceptional quality." Nope.
4.  *average%5:00:00:moderate:00* - "around the middle of a scale." Possibly relevant, but too vague.
5.  *average%5:00:03:normal:01* - "relating to the most frequent value (modal)." This is definitely not the intent here.
6.  *average%5:00:01:normal:01* - "relating to the middle value (median)." This is a close one, but not the primary meaning.

So, in the context of medical studies reporting "average survival time," the default interpretation, the *gold standard*, is that the author is referring to the mean. It's possible that the median may be calculated and presented, but I would expect explicit clarification if this is the case. Even so, the generic meaning of "average" is synonymous with the statistical "mean", according to sense 1 of the thesaurus.