[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: abnormal
Target surface form: abnormal
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are <t>abnormal</t> or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:00:: | definition=not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm | synonyms=unnatural | examples=abnormal powers of concentration; abnormal amounts of rain
2. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:03:: | definition=departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal; an abnormal personality
3. sense_key=abnormal%5:00:00:immoderate:00 | definition=much greater than the normal | examples=abnormal profits; abnormal ambition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Abnormal" in Context**

Okay, here's what I've got. The lemma I'm working with is "abnormal," and the surface form is, of course, "abnormal" – straightforward so far. The key bit of context is: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."

Now, let's look at the candidate senses. I see three possibilities:

1.  "Not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm."
2.  "Departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development."
3.  "Much greater than the normal."

The crucial phrase is "blood counts are abnormal." Thinking through this, it's immediately clear this is a clinical or medical context. We're talking about lab values, and "abnormal" here would mean those values aren't within the expected, healthy range. It's about deviation from the standard or expected measurements.

Given this context, Sense 1 ("not normal...") is a perfect fit. It captures the essence of lab values being outside the typical range, implying there's a problem or concern.

Sense 2, the one about intelligence and development, is definitely not relevant here. That's a completely different domain.

And Sense 3, "much greater than the normal," isn't quite right either. While an extremely high blood count *could* be considered "abnormal," the primary meaning implied is just a deviation from the normal range, which could be higher, lower, or otherwise irregular. So, immoderate isn't quite the right nuance.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the clear winner.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
2. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
4. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
5. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
6. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
10. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
15. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
16. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
17. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
18. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Have" in the Context of Side Effects**

Okay, so the target is "have" in "who have certain other side effects." My initial thought is to figure out the right sense of "have" here. The sentence implies patients are *experiencing* something. Let's delve into the WordNet definitions.

I see several options: Sense 3 ("go through"), Sense 12 ("suffer from"), and Sense 16 ("undergo"). Sense 12, "suffer from; be ill with," jumps out, but the examples are illnesses like arthritis. Sense 16, "undergo," seems more suited for specific events like a fracture or insulin shock. Sense 3, "go through," looks promising as it includes "experience" and aligns with the concept of patients encountering side effects.

Thinking about specific examples, like vertigo, which is a physical experience, reinforces the applicability of Sense 3. "Have vertigo" is equivalent to "experience vertigo," and side effects are similar. An insulin shock fits better with Sense 16. But I can say I have a headache, a cold, I *have* side effects.

I'm leaning towards Sense 3. "Have a side effect" is like "experience a side effect." The synonyms are perfect: experience, receive, get. So, "patients who have side effects" can be rephrased as "patients who experience side effects". However, let me consider some examples in SemCor. "Have symptoms" and "have pain" usually are represented by Sense 3 (experience).

Still, is "have side effects" an ongoing state? Are side effects more like arthritis (Sense 12) than a one-off event? It is true that "in patients who have side effects" could be described by "patients who are experiencing side effects."

Let me double-check Sense 16: "undergo". It seems more suited for "have an operation" or "have an insulin shock."

Ultimately, my assessment is that Sense 3 ("go through") is the best match. The synonym "experience" works perfectly with "have side effects," indicating a physical or mental state the patient is going through. Therefore, I'm confident in selecting Sense 3.

type: thinking

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Lemma "Certain"**

Okay, so the target is the word "certain," and the surface form is, of course, "certain." The context is "...patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects." My task is to determine the correct sense of "certain" within this sentence.

Let's quickly run through the senses:

*   **Sense 1:** definite but not specified or identified. That *could* work, as we don't know the specific side effects yet, right?
*   **Sense 2:** having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty. No, that doesn't fit the context; we aren't talking about belief or conviction.
*   **Sense 3:** established beyond doubt or question. Nope. Not about certainty in terms of being proven.
*   **Sense 4:** certain to occur. Also no; the sentence isn't saying the side effects are guaranteed, just that they exist.
*   **Sense 5:** established irrevocably. No.
*   **Sense 6:** reliable in operation or effect. No.
*   **Sense 7:** exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance. No.

Back to Sense 1, which now looks promising. "Definite but not specified or identified..." Hmm, think about the phrase "certain other side effects." It refers to *specific* side effects, but they're not named in this instance. They are *definite* side effects, but not specifically called out. Okay, that feels right. The definition "definite but not specified or identified" is a perfect fit. And that's exactly what I'm looking for - confirmation. Yes, the example usage of "certain other side effects" reinforces the appropriateness of Sense 1. This checks out.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain <t>other</t> side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Other" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the word I need to nail down is "other" within this sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." My expertise is telling me I need to be precise here. The goal is to determine the correct definition of "other" in this sentence.

Let's look at the options. We have: (1) "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied," (2) "recently past," (3) "belonging to the distant past," and (4) "very unusual; different in character or quality." Immediately, I'm leaning toward option 1. The phrase "abnormal blood counts" represents one side effect that's already mentioned, and "certain other side effects" clearly refers to different side effects.

Let me confirm this. I will verify that the use of other here is parallel to similar usages. Using the example: "the construction of highways and other public works" is clearly meant to identify the use of other as not being the same thing. This is exactly what is meant by "abnormal blood counts... or certain other side effects." This confirms my initial instinct. Therefore, in the context, "other" most accurately means "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other <t>side effects</t>. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing "Side Effects" in the Context of Alimta**

Okay, so the prompt gives me "side effects" as the target term and places it within the context of Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. My mind immediately clicks to the medical field, specifically oncology and pharmacology. The text mentions "blood counts are abnormal" and "certain other side effects," clearly indicating a discussion of adverse reactions to treatment.

The text presents two senses of "side effects." The first, and most relevant here, defines it as a *secondary and usually adverse* effect of a drug or therapy. That fits perfectly – the Alimta context *explicitly* addresses negative consequences. It offers a clear example of "severe headaches" as a side effect, solidifying this sense.

The second definition, "any adverse and unwanted secondary effect," seems broader and offers "fallout" as a synonym. While technically accurate, it lacks the precise focus on drug-related complications that this Alimta discussion demands. Therefore, **I will operate under the assumption that the intended meaning is Sense 1: the adverse effects of the Alimta treatment as a result of taking Alimta.**


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for <t>use</t> in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers
2. sense_key=use%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, role | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=use%1:07:02:: | definition=a particular service | examples=he put his knowledge to good use; patrons have their uses
4. sense_key=use%1:22:00:: | definition=(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing | synonyms=consumption, economic consumption, usance, use of goods and services | examples=the consumption of energy has increased steadily
5. sense_key=use%1:04:01:: | definition=(psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition | synonyms=habit | examples=owls have nocturnal habits; she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair
6. sense_key=use%1:04:02:: | definition=exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage | synonyms=manipulation | examples=his manipulation of his friends was scandalous
7. sense_key=use%1:07:03:: | definition=(law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property | synonyms=enjoyment | examples=we were given the use of his boat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Target Word "Use" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the target is the word "use" in the sentence "Alimta is not recommended for *use* in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems." My immediate thought is, "What kind of 'use' are we talking about here?" It's crucial to pin down the correct sense to understand the statement accurately.

I've got a list of possible senses to consider: the act itself, the *purpose* or function, a particular *service*, economic utilization, even psychological or legal nuances. Reading the sentence, the context screams out to me that the meaning is the *act of administering the drug*, that is, *the act of using* Alimta in these patients. It is a clear and direct action, not a function or a service being offered. We're not discussing an economic concept or a complex psychological process. The sentence is about medical practice.

Therefore, sense #1, "the act of using," is the obvious and correct match. The examples provided, like "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs," completely aligns with what's being expressed in the medical context of this sentence. In my internal index, that's definitely index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in <t>patients</t> with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Use of "Patients" in the Alimta Context**

Okay, so the task at hand is to pinpoint the exact meaning of "patients" in this particular snippet, given the context of Alimta dosage and kidney problems. The lemma is "patient", surface form "patients," and the surrounding information clearly centers on medical treatment. Let's consider the possible senses.

The first candidate, "patient%1:18:00:: | a person who requires medical care," immediately strikes me as the most relevant. This aligns perfectly with the Alimta context, where we're discussing recommended dosage and usage for individuals *receiving* that care.

The second sense, "patient%1:10:00:: | the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause," while grammatically correct, feels less precise here. While, in a very broad sense, "patients" are *affected* by the drug (the 'happening' of treatment), the focus isn't on the general semantic role of patienthood. The emphasis is decidedly on the *people* needing the care.

Therefore, given the context, I'm confident that sense 1, the definition of a person needing medical care, is the correct interpretation in this case. The reference is unambiguously to individuals undergoing medical treatment for their kidney issues, and that's the sense we want.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: moderate
Target surface form: moderate
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with <t>moderate</t> or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=moderate%3:00:00:: | definition=being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme | examples=moderate prices; a moderate income
2. sense_key=moderate%5:00:00:mild:00 | definition=not extreme | synonyms=temperate | examples=a moderate penalty; temperate in his response to criticism
3. sense_key=moderate%5:00:00:temperate:00 | definition=marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes | synonyms=restrained | examples=moderate in his demands; restrained in his response

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Moderate" in a Medical Context**

Okay, here's what I'm thinking. The target word is "moderate," and it's used in the phrase "moderate or severe kidney problems." My task is to determine the correct sense of "moderate" in this specific context.

First, I looked at the candidate senses from WordNet. I see three potential senses: one related to being within average limits, one suggesting "not extreme" and linked to "mild," and another indicating restraint.

The context immediately suggests a scale of severity (mild, moderate, severe), which makes sense 2 (not extreme, related to "mild") seem relevant, but I need to be precise.  Is it really a satellite of "mild"? The analysis shows it's a synonym of "temperate." It's not the head word in that particular synset.

I'm thinking now about how "moderate" functions as a degree of a medical condition. I'm exploring the nuances. I keep going back to the senses, and now I'm thinking about which one fits best. "Not extreme" fits in the "moderate or severe" context, but I need to be more sure.

I examined synonyms for each sense. For sense 2, "temperate" and "restrained" don't make sense for "kidney problems." The phrase "temperate kidney problems" feels unnatural. Now that I am at the crux of it: The question of whether it is "mild" that is moderate, or the other way around.

I checked WordNet: “severe” is defined as intense, and "mild" as moderate. Now I realize that this is a case where "mild" is a degree of severity.

Therefore, the first sense appears to fit best: "being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme." This is because, in this specific case, the moderate is "not extreme", as opposed to the other options. The word "reasonable" doesn't quite apply to a problem, but "not excessive or extreme" perfectly captures the meaning in "moderate kidney problems," especially when contrasting it with "severe." "Moderate" doesn't have a specific medical sense, so I'm using the more general definition. I'm looking at how I would interpret "a moderate fine", or "moderate income", etc.

My conclusion is that sense 1, "being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme," is the correct one. The "not excessive or extreme" part applies, and the others do not.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or <t>severe</t> kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Analysis of "Severe" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target is "severe," surface form "severe," and the context is about kidney problems: "moderate or severe kidney problems." My initial candidates are: "intense," "strong," "plain," "nonindulgent," "critical," and "bad."

Given the medical context, I immediately start leaning towards the senses related to intensity or the degree of a condition. I see "moderate or severe" and recall how medical conditions are often categorized this way. Sense 1, "intense: intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality," feels promising. Examples like "severe pain" and "severe case of flu" are directly relevant. Sense 5, "critical: causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm," also gets my attention, with synonyms like "serious" – but "serious" illness isn't *always* the same as "severe" illness, is it? Sense 6, "bad: very bad in degree or extent," also seems potentially applicable, given the context of a "problem."

Thinking through it, the "severe" in "severe kidney problems" can be thought of as a very bad degree of the problem, so bad in degree or extent is also an option.

Then, I go back to comparing. Sense 1's example, "a severe case of flu," is particularly compelling. It’s a direct analogy. "severe case of flu" maps well, as kidney problems are also medical conditions. I see in WordNet that "severe" has an intense sense, and that feels right. Is it Sense 6? Degree or extent? But, specifically, "severe case of flu" supports Sense 1. Kidney problems -> a medical condition, analogous to "flu".

Now, I revisit Sense 5. "Serious" is there, but "serious illness" vs. "severe illness". It's not necessarily causing fear or anxiety about great harm. Is it really life-threatening or dangerous? Usually, not directly, in the phrase "moderate or severe kidney problems".

I'm solidifying Sense 1: intense or extremely bad. Synonyms like "terrible" and "wicked" do seem a little strong here, but they highlight the degree of the problem. It describes a "bad" degree of the kidney problem. I'm going with Sense 1. The key is that the kidney problem is at an intense degree within the continuum of possible problems. "Severe kidney problems" fits the pattern of "a severe case of flu" more directly than any other sense. Therefore, I choose Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problems
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney <t>problems</t>. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
**My Reasoning Process for Sense Disambiguation of "problems"**

Okay, the target is "problem" with the surface form "problems", and the context is about kidney issues related to medication. Let's get started.

I have three candidate senses to consider: a difficulty needing resolution, a question or consideration, and a source of difficulty. "Kidney problems" clearly indicates a medical issue, so it's most likely not a question or homework problem. It's either a difficulty or a source of difficulty.

My initial thought is to associate this with medical problems, which are often described as "trouble." Then I need to decide between `problem%1:26:00::` ("a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved") and `problem%1:09:00::` ("a source of difficulty"). I see that both "trouble" and "problem" can be used for these sorts of problems.

I quickly check the examples provided. "Kidney problems" is, in essence, "kidney troubles". Is it a state of difficulty, or a source of difficulty? The former makes more sense, so I would lean towards sense 1, but I can't be sure without thinking it through.

I have to delve deeper into the definitions and usage in WordNet. I try to consider "health problem" directly, but find no exact match, although "ill health" is close. If I replace "problems" with "troubles", it works well. The fact that the WordNet definition of "trouble" aligns with a source of difficulty is important, but I need to make a more definitive choice.

The question of whether "kidney problems" represent a state or a source of difficulty nags at me. I decide to check how "trouble" is used in SemCor. Since "heart trouble" is associated with "trouble%1:09:00::," I then consider "heart problem". Then it hit me: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved." is more appropriate for medical problems. "kidney problems" means "a state of difficulty".

I investigate the lexicographer files in WordNet and note which part-of-speech and semantic classes each sense belongs to. `Problem%1:26:00::` is noun.state, and `problem%1:09:00::` is noun.cognition. The fact that medical problems are in the "state" category is important here, I think. A "source of difficulty" may or may not be the mental cognition of the cause of the difficulty. That means the "state" class is the best fit. Illness, disorder, and disease are all states. So sense 1, "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved", is the strongest fit.

To double-check, I re-examine the example sentences for each sense. While the relationship-focused example for sense 1 seems a bit off, I can still use this, as the core is a state.

However, I decide to think through "trouble" as it relates to this. While trouble can relate to noun.cognition, there is also the definition of "trouble" as a state of distress. And I remember my SemCor notes. I am now confident that "kidney problems" is a physical condition that belongs to the noun.state definition, and I settle on sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For <t>more</t> information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support
2. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Lemma "More" in Context**

Okay, so the lemma I'm working with is "more," and the surface form is, unsurprisingly, also "more." The context is "For more information, see the Summary..." Right away, I see that "more" is modifying the noun "information." Crucially, "information" is a mass noun, something I'm well-versed in handling.

Now, let's consider the senses. I'm immediately thinking of the core distinction here. We've got the comparative of "much," used with mass nouns – that sense emphasizes a greater quantity, amount, degree, like "more land" or "more support." Then there's the comparative of "many," for count nouns, dealing with number – "a hall with more seats" or "we have no more bananas."

Given that "information" is a mass noun, there's no question about which sense is the correct one here. It's sense 1. We're talking about a greater *amount* of information, not a greater *number* of individual pieces of information. This is a straightforward application of the mass noun rule.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: information
Target surface form: information
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more <t>information</t>, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=information%1:10:00:: | definition=a message received and understood | synonyms=info
2. sense_key=information%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction
3. sense_key=information%1:10:02:: | definition=formal accusation of a crime
4. sense_key=information%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn | synonyms=data | examples=statistical data
5. sense_key=information%1:07:00:: | definition=(communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome | synonyms=selective information, entropy | examples=the signal contained thousands of bits of information

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Information" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at the word "information" in this sentence about Alimta, specifically, "For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics." My immediate task is to determine the correct sense of "information" in this context. It's a medical document, so I need to be precise.

I have a few senses in mind: a general message, knowledge, a formal accusation (unlikely here), data, and a measure of uncertainty. I'm focusing on "a message received and understood" (sense 1) and "knowledge acquired" (sense 2) initially.

The phrase "For more information, see..." immediately makes me lean towards details, facts, or data, that are *communicated*. I'm thinking about "info" as a synonym. Okay, sense 1, information%1:10:00:: seems like a strong contender: "a message received and understood."

Let's do a quick WordNet hierarchy check, just to be sure. I can see the distinction between "a message received and understood" and "knowledge acquired." In this context, it feels more like communicating details.

I'm now reconsidering sense 1 ("message received") vs. sense 2 ("knowledge acquired") vs. sense 4 ("collection of facts" or data). In this specific instance, "For more information" aligns more closely with a message, or "info". Usually, in these scenarios, it maps pretty closely to "info".

Alright, I'll double-check the synset for information%1:10:00::. Ah, yes, WordNet defines it as "a message received and understood," and lists "info" as a synonym. Perfect! Now, let's just make sure, since I have a little extra time. I need to clarify if "for more information" in this medical context means sense 1 or sense 4.

I will cross reference it with SemCor, since it's a good corpus of word senses. Often, "for more information" tags to information%1:10:00:: (sense 1).

Yes, in summary:

*   Sense 1: Information%1:10:00:: (info)
*   Sense 2: Information%1:09:00:: (knowledge)
*   Sense 4: Information%1:14:00:: (data)

Yes, "For more information" aligns perfectly with "For more info". So sense 1: "a message received and understood" is the correct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, <t>see</t> the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the "See" Sense in Context**

Okay, so I'm looking at the word "see" in that phrase: "For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics...". My goal is to pinpoint the exact meaning here, the one where it means "refer to" or "consult." Let's dive in.

First, I quickly run through the likely senses – perceiving with sight, understanding, witnessing, imagining, deeming, becoming aware, watching TV, meeting, finding out, being careful, and so on. Right, my focus is definitely on "refer to/consult."

It's tempting to jump to "perceive by sight" (Sense 1), since we're *literally* looking at something, but is it that simple? "See page 5" or "see the appendix" uses "see" in a related, but specific way. Do we have a specific "consult a text" sense? I'll check WordNet. Nope, not explicitly.

Now, I'm thinking about "observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect" (Sense 20), similar to "I must see your passport..." That seems promising, but is it too focused on inspection? When I'm referencing a document, I'm not necessarily inspecting, right?

I'm thinking about "find out, learn, determine" (Sense 9) too, to see if that works.

Okay, back to Sense 1, "perceive by sight..." Seems like a reasonable default. Cross-references often map there because you're *directing your eyes* to the information. Now, WordNet's `see%2:39:00::` (sense 1) might be the key to this.

I'm also considering the SemCor usage of "see," like "See chapter 5." Often, these types of references go to `see%2:39:00::`. But, it could also be `see%2:32:00::`, which means "find out, learn, or determine."

Again, Sense 20 is "examine, see" or "inspect", but the implication leans more toward close inspection.

The question then is, if I tell someone to "see the Summary...", I'm *literally* telling them to go look at it, so maybe Sense 1. Then I ask myself, is this the right sense to pick, and the question is that of consulting?

I'll check some examples – "see the dictionary", and so on. WordNet 3.1: `see%2:39:13::` ("examine", sense 20) and `see%2:39:00::` (sense 1).

If it's a cross-reference, it's frequently `see%2:39:00::`. The meaning is usually to look at something.

Sense 9 can also be included, meaning "check", "determine". Sense 20 is still too close to 'examine'.

I'm going to look again at what's entailed with Sense 1, and the entailment is "look". So, when I say "see the Summary...", I'm literally saying "go look at it."

I have to carefully consider the sense here. I can rule out the 'consult' meaning because there's no meaning for consult in WordNet. I can also rule out a lot of other senses.

Sense 1: "perceive by sight". The phrase has that meaning. Then I think about Sense 20: "observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect".

"See" here means "look at," "examine." "See the Summary..." means to consult it. I'll stick with Sense 1, since it is the most generic "look at / view" sense, and that's often used for cross-references.

Yes, there is no sense for consultation. "Examine" is close to inspection.

Let me double-check. 6 (become aware of) and 18 (deliberate or decide). Nope, definitely 1.

There's no "refer" as a synonym. OntoNotes groups "see" in these contexts with "look at, examine," which then maps to WordNet Sense 1.

I'm going with 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: product
Target surface form: Product
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of <t>Product</t> Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=product%1:06:01:: | definition=commodities offered for sale | synonyms=merchandise, ware | examples=good business depends on having good merchandise; that store offers a variety of products
2. sense_key=product%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that has been created by someone or some process | synonyms=production | examples=they improve their product every year; they export most of their agricultural production
3. sense_key=product%1:09:00:: | definition=a quantity obtained by multiplication | synonyms=mathematical product | examples=the product of 2 and 3 is 6
4. sense_key=product%1:27:00:: | definition=a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction | examples=a product of lime and nitric acid
5. sense_key=product%1:19:00:: | definition=a consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances | examples=skill is the product of hours of practice; his reaction was the product of hunger and fatigue
6. sense_key=product%1:14:00:: | definition=the set of elements common to two or more sets | synonyms=intersection, Cartesian product | examples=the set of red hats is the intersection of the set of hats and the set of red things

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Product" in Pharmaceutical Context: A Deep Dive**

Okay, so I'm looking at this medical document, and the phrase "Summary of Product Characteristics" (SmPC) keeps popping up, part of the EPAR for Alimta. The crux of my thought process revolves around what "product" actually *means* here. It's not a generic term; it's specific to pharmaceuticals. I need to make sure I'm precise.

My initial thought is that the "product" refers to a commodity, something offered for sale, like merchandise. But then I remember that, in pharmaceutical terms, a "medicinal product" is a *manufactured* item, an artifact created through a process.  This suggests that "product" here could also mean something that is an artifact, something that is created.  So which sense is more applicable?  I'll explore the two senses: the commodity aspect (merchandise, ware) or the artifact aspect (an artifact that has been created by someone or some process)

I check the definitions, and I consider these two senses:
1.  Commodities offered for sale (merchandise, ware)
2.  An artifact that has been created by someone or some process (production)

In pharma, "product" refers to the manufactured drug itself, and the SmPC describes its characteristics. I need to get this right because the distinction matters. It’s about the specific drug as a marketable item. So, is a medicinal product sense 1 or sense 2?

I consult WordNet, and it seems that the artifact sense (sense 2) is more encompassing for the "medicinal product". But I am careful about this, so let me check what usually fits "commercial products" as well.  Drugs are both manufactured goods, and goods that are sold. The SmPC describes the qualities of that manufactured item. Both can be right!  But if I look at "pharmaceutical" or "medicinal product" in WordNet, I get nothing. It's a key term missing!

Let me look back at the examples. "They improve their product every year" -- that's clearly sense 2 (a manufactured item). Drugs *are* improved and manufactured.  "Commercial product" is a hyponym of "product" (sense 2). I need to verify this because accuracy is everything. I check WordNet again. And yes, `product%1:06:00::` (sense 2) has hyponyms that are production-related.
*   creation, concoction
*   end product, output
*   work, piece of work

Now, I look at the synonyms for sense 1 -- `merchandise, ware, product` (sense 1), and those hyponyms:
*   commodity
*   export, import
*   hardware, software
*   inventory
*   line of products
*   software product

The hyponyms for sense 2 are more fitting. I need to clarify what the "chemical product" aspect is, however. Pharmaceuticals are typically chemical products.  But the SmPC describes *properties*. It's a description of the artifact that is manufactured. I look for terms in Eurovoc, and "medicinal product" is the standard term. Now, in the pharmaceutical context, what is "product"? Is it a "chemical substance"? No, it's a *drug* that has medical use.

Back to sense 2: "an artifact that has been created by someone or some process". The drug is *improved*. It’s a manufactured item. I must make a choice between sense 1 ("commodities offered for sale") and sense 2 ("an artifact that has been created by someone or some process"). Is Alimta merchandise or a manufactured artifact? It’s both, but the emphasis in an SmPC is on its creation and characteristics.

Based on how similar annotation tasks handled "Summary of Product Characteristics," it is a specific document describing a drug, and the drug is a product of a *pharmaceutical company*. It's a complex artifact. But is it sense 1 or sense 2?

Here's my thinking, based on *SemCor* / WordNet entries: "product" as a manufactured good is almost always sense 2 (`product%1:06:00::`). Sense 1 (`product%1:06:01::`) is mostly about retail or sales.  "They improve their product every year." That is *exactly* what pharmaceutical companies do.

I have to consider if it is commodities sold for a profit, or that it is an artifact that is improved.

The "Summary of Product Characteristics" describes the characteristics of the *product* (the drug).  The drug is *created* -- so, sense 2: an artifact.

Let's double


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also <t>part</t> of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Deconstructing "Part" in the Context of the EPAR**

Okay, so I'm dissecting the use of "part" in the phrase "also part of the EPAR" – the European Public Assessment Report. The context is the Summary of Product Characteristics, and I need to pinpoint the most accurate sense of "part."

Initially, I'm thinking, this implies the SPC is either a component or a section of the EPAR. My mind jumps to Sense 1: something included within a larger whole, like a "portion," "component part," or "constituent." Then, Sense 9 surfaces: a "section" or "division" that contributes to the whole.

Given "also part of the EPAR," my initial instinct is to lean towards Sense 1, a component. It fits the idea of belonging, being included. However, I want to confirm. I'm comparing "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" (Sense 1) with "the written part of the exam" (Sense 9). The examples offer clarity.

Thinking about it, I see that "part of the EPAR" indicates that the SPC *belongs* to the EPAR. Considering that the EPAR is essentially a collection of documents, a dossier, the SPC is clearly a component, one of the constituent documents. The use of "part" without an article, in "also part of," reinforces this interpretation.

Looking at Sense 9, a *section* implies a clearly defined division. While true, that's perhaps a bit restrictive. The broader Sense 1, component, constituent, seems more fitting. The "is part of" construction is often indicative of componenthood.

Let's double-check. The WordNet hierarchy supports this. The EPAR is a report, and the SPC is a component *part* of that report. It's a complete match.

Therefore, after this detailed consideration, I'm confident in selecting Sense 1. The SPC is a constituent, a component part of the broader EPAR.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: active
Target surface form: active
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The <t>active</t> substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=active%3:00:02:: | definition=tending to become more severe or wider in scope | examples=active tuberculosis
2. sense_key=active%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=engaged in or ready for military or naval operations | synonyms=combat-ready, fighting | examples=on active duty; the platoon is combat-ready
3. sense_key=active%3:00:03:: | definition=disposed to take action or effectuate change | examples=a director who takes an active interest in corporate operations; an active antagonism
4. sense_key=active%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=taking part in an activity | synonyms=participating | examples=an active member of the club; he was politically active
5. sense_key=active%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by energetic activity | examples=an active toddler; active as a gazelle
6. sense_key=active%3:00:07:: | definition=exerting influence or producing a change or effect | examples=an active ingredient
7. sense_key=active%3:00:06:: | definition=full of activity or engaged in continuous activity | examples=an active seaport; an active bond market
8. sense_key=active%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=alive | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
9. sense_key=active%3:00:10:: | definition=(of the sun) characterized by an increased occurrence of sunspots and flares and radio emissions
10. sense_key=active%3:00:09:: | definition=expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor: | examples=Hemingway favors active constructions
11. sense_key=active%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of verbs (e.g. `to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. `running' in `running water')) expressing action rather than a state of being | synonyms=dynamic
12. sense_key=active%3:00:05:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) capable of erupting
13. sense_key=active%3:00:04:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) erupting or liable to erupt | examples=active volcanos
14. sense_key=active%3:00:08:: | definition=engaged in full-time work | examples=active duty; though past retirement age he is still active in his profession

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Active" in a Medical Context**

Okay, so the word "active" is used in the phrase "The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine..." I need to pinpoint the precise meaning here, especially given the medical/chemical context. My immediate thought is, like "active ingredient," it relates to some kind of functional attribute.

Let's quickly run through the senses to eliminate the irrelevant ones. "Active tuberculosis" is out, that's a specific disease state. Military operations, nope. "Disposed to take action," not quite. "Participating," no. "Energetic activity," not the best fit. I can skip the sun and grammatical voice definitions. "Full of activity," and "in operation," not quite the right nuance. Volcanoes, irrelevant. "Engaged in full-time work," obviously incorrect.

The one that stands out immediately is number 6: "exerting influence or producing a change or effect | examples=an active ingredient." That clicks perfectly. The "active substance" is doing something; it's the component that causes the drug's effect, in this case, being a cytotoxic medicine. Bingo. That's the correct sense. Sense index: 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: substance
Target surface form: substance
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active <t>substance</t> in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=substance%1:03:00:: | definition=the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists | examples=DNA is the substance of our genes
2. sense_key=substance%1:09:01:: | definition=the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience | synonyms=kernel, core, center, centre, essence, gist | examples=the gist of the prosecutor's argument; the heart and soul of the Republican Party
3. sense_key=substance%1:09:00:: | definition=the idea that is intended | synonyms=meaning | examples=What is the meaning of this proverb?
4. sense_key=substance%1:27:00:: | definition=material of a particular kind or constitution | examples=the immune response recognizes invading substances
5. sense_key=substance%1:21:00:: | definition=considerable capital (wealth or income) | synonyms=means | examples=he is a man of means
6. sense_key=substance%1:10:00:: | definition=what a communication that is about something is about | synonyms=message, content, subject matter
7. sense_key=substance%1:03:01:: | definition=a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties | examples=shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Semantics of "Substance" in a Pharmaceutical Context**

Okay, so the target is "substance," and the surface form is, well, "substance." The context is about the "active substance" in a drug, pemetrexed. My task is to determine the correct sense of "substance" here. Let's see...

I'm presented with a few options. The most relevant ones are: sense 7, "a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties," and sense 4, "material of a particular kind or constitution." The examples given are helpful; sense 7 uses "toxic substances," which is immediately relevant. The other option mentions "invading substances," a concept I associate with immunology or material science.

My initial thought is that "active substance" refers to the specific chemical compound or ingredient, a very specific type of matter. Sense 7 seems promising. "Chemical substance" would fall under that definition. I quickly consult WordNet. I know substance%1:03:01:: is a hyponym of matter%1:03:00::, and its hyponyms include chemical substance, poison, and so on. That seems ideal. Now, sense 4, "material of a particular kind or constitution," could fit. However, "chemical substance" is a very clear example of sense 7.

Let me just quickly confirm the hierarchy. Substance%1:03:01:: is indeed under matter%1:03:00::. This hierarchy is key. It's a particular kind of matter. That settles it.

I'm confident; pemetrexed is a molecule. Therefore, "active substance" is an active chemical substance and so it is sense 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic <t>medicine</t> (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Medicine"**

Okay, so the target word is "medicine," and it appears just as "medicine" in the text – straightforward enough. My expert eye immediately hones in on the context: "...a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells)..." That phrasing is key. My initial assessment is that we're talking about a treatment.

Now, I consider the potential senses: there's the broad field of medical science, the actual treatment itself (synonymous with medication, which seems like a strong contender here), the practice or profession of medicine, and finally, a more metaphorical meaning related to punishment. Right away, the fourth sense feels like a linguistic red herring. It's a non-starter in this clinical context.

Given the phrase "cytotoxic medicine" and the description of it as something that "kills cells," particularly cancer cells, the second sense – "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease," i.e., medication – is the clear winner. The description of it being cytotoxic, or killing cells, is much more directly related to the action of a medicinal drug than any other definition of the word. Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a <t>medicine</t> that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Medicine"**

Okay, the target word is "medicine." Let's break this down meticulously, knowing the user is expecting rigor. The context specifies "cytotoxic medicine" - that's a key clue. My immediate thought is, this context describes "medicine" as a tangible, physical substance, a drug if you will, that's designed to exert a specific effect, in this case, cell death.

I quickly check my mental lexicon. Candidate 2, “something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease,” or its synonyms like "medication," "medicament," or "medicinal drug," immediately jumps out. Yes, that is the most fitting definition for the context. It aligns perfectly with the idea of a substance that has a defined pharmacological effect.

Candidate 1, referring to the medical science/specialty, can be discarded immediately. It's too broad. Candidate 3, referring to the medical profession, is also irrelevant in this case. Finally, candidate 4, pertaining to punishment, is obviously incorrect.

Therefore, Candidate 2 is the correct sense of the word "medicine" in this context. It's a precise application of semantic analysis.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kill
Target surface form: kills
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that <t>kills</t> cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
2. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: | definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: | definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: | definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
5. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: | definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: | definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: | definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: | definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: | definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night
12. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: | definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: | definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: | definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Meaning of "Kills" in a Medical Context**

Okay, the target is "kills" in the phrase "a medicine that kills cells." My task is to determine the most accurate sense from the possible options. Let's dig in. I start by considering the core sense: "cause to die; put to death." Then, I consider the context, which involves a cytotoxic medicine designed to target and eliminate cancer cells.

Immediately, I think about whether this fits sense 1, "cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly".  But this sense often applies to intentional human actions. Then I jump to sense 9: "deprive of life." The medicine *does* deprive the cells of life, which is a good fit. But wait, while it's not a *person* that's doing the "killing," the medicine is *designed* for this purpose, intentionally or knowingly. Also, medicine is not a disease, more like an agent.

I check WordNet again. I need to make sure the subtleties between these senses are clear. Is it `kill%2:35:00` or `kill%2:35:02`?  Thinking about "cytotoxic" as "toxic to cells" brings me back to sense 1, as that is the usual transitive use and the most broad one.

I explore further by examining senses. Does "destroy cells" apply? I check senses 12 (obliterate, wipe out) or 15 (destroy a vitally essential quality). However, I decide that these senses are not applicable here.

I circle back to sense 1 and realize, "cause to die" seems best. While not a human agent, the medicine *causes* the cells to die, and it is put to that purpose.

Thinking about similar examples, I recall "weedkiller" is a chemical that kills weeds. Is that more like "deprive of life"? An antibiotic also "kills or slows the growth." Those are the same case. It is an agent, but it is not a person.

I consider `kill%2:35:02` "deprive of life" in contrast to `kill%2:35:00` "cause to die." My conclusion is that sense 1 works here because medicine is an inanimate agent, but the intention is there. The intention of the designer.

Finally, while *deprive of life* is also accurate, the active and direct nature of "cause to die" seems more precise given the context. Ultimately, I select Sense 1: "cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly." The medicine is acting as the agent. Even if the medicine has no personal agency.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills <t>cells</t> that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
**Analyzing the Term "Cells" in Context**

Okay, so the task is to pinpoint the specific meaning of "cells" within this Alimta information. The text mentions Alimta as a cytotoxic medicine, meaning it kills *cells* that are dividing, specifically cancer *cells*. I immediately recognize "cells" here as referring to the fundamental biological units of life – a very common and appropriate usage. Looking at the context I have, it's pretty clear that the intended meaning is the basic structural and functional unit of organisms, which aligns perfectly with the biological definition I know. So, candidate sense 2, with the definition: "the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals," is the perfect fit. Therefore, the sense index is definitely 2.