[User]
Which numbered sense of "last" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then <t>last</t> spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday
2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris
3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise
4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected
5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words
6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | examples=the final answer
7. definition=highest in extent or degree | examples=to the last measure of human endurance
8. definition=not to be altered or undone | examples=the judge's decision is final
9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | examples=last prize

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "last" is used in: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..."

Let's look at the senses:

1. immediately past | examples: last Thursday
2. coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples: the last time I saw Paris
3. occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples: his concluding words came as a surprise
4. most unlikely or unsuitable | examples: the last person we would have suspected
5. occurring at the time of death | examples: his last words
6. conclusive in a process or progression | examples: the final answer
7. highest in extent or degree | examples: to the last measure of human endurance
8. not to be altered or undone | examples: the judge's decision is final
9. lowest in rank or importance | examples: last prize

The phrase is "last spring". This refers to the spring that just passed, the most recent spring. That matches sense 1: immediately past (last Thursday). The example "last Thursday" is exactly analogous to "last spring".

So answer: 1

provider: AtlasCloud


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "spring" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last <t>spring</t>, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=the season of growth | examples=the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring
2. definition=a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed | examples=the spring was broken
3. definition=a natural flow of ground water
4. definition=a point at which water issues forth
5. definition=the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length
6. definition=a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'spring' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Then last <t>spring</t>, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

The word is "spring" inside <t> tags. The senses:
1. the season of growth (example: emerging buds were a sure sign of spring)
2. metal elastic device
3. natural flow of ground water
4. a point at which water issues forth
5. elasticity of something that can be stretched
6. a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

The phrase "last spring" indicates a time of year, the season. So sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers <t>reported</t> finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=to give an account or representation of in words | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city
3. definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's
6. definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'report' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

The sentence: "Then last spring, researchers <t>reported</t> finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

We need to match this usage to one of the given numbered senses.

Let's examine the senses:

1. to give an account or representation of in words (example: Discreet Italian police described it...)
2. announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding (example: Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily...)
3. announce one's presence (example: I report to work every day at 9 o'clock)
4. make known to the authorities (example: One student reported the other to the principal)
5. be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism (example: Snow reported on China in the 1950's)
6. complain about; make a charge against (example: I reported her to the principal)

In the sentence, researchers reported finding a gene. This is an announcement of a finding, a result of their research/investigation. Sense 2 says "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding". That fits perfectly: researchers reported (announced) finding a gene as the result of their investigation. The example given: "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily..." also aligns with reporting findings. Sense 1 might be close (to give an account of in words), but "reported finding" is less a general account and more an announcement of a discovery. Sense 2 explicitly mentions "or finding". Also, the context: "researchers reported finding a gene" is a classic scientific reporting of a finding. So sense 2 is the best match.

Thus, the answer is 2.

provider: Baidu


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported <t>finding</t> a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported <t>finding</t> a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." We need to choose which numbered sense of "find" (with definitions and examples) matches the use in the sentence.

The sentence: researchers reported finding a gene called p53. So "finding" here means they discovered or identified the gene. Let's check the senses:

1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with (example: We find this idea in Plato) -> not quite, they were likely searching.

2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (example: She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water) -> This sounds like discovering the existence of a gene. "finding a gene" means discovering its existence or presence.

3. come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost (example: Did you find your glasses?) -> Not about lost items.

4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (example: find the product of two numbers) -> Could be "researchers reported finding a gene" meaning they established its existence through investigation. This overlaps with sense 2. Need to differentiate.

5. come to believe on the basis of emotion... (feel) -> no.

6. perceive or be contemporaneous with (found Republicans winning) -> no.

7. get something for a specific purpose -> no.

8. make a discovery, make a new finding (example: Roentgen discovered X-rays) -> "finding a gene" = discovering a gene. This is very close.

9. make a discovery (example: She found that he had lied to her) -> finding that something is the case, but here it's "finding a gene", a noun phrase, not a clause.

10. obtain through effort or management -> no.

11. decide on and make a declaration -> no.

12. receive a specified treatment -> no.

13. perceive oneself -> no.

14. recover -> no.

15. succeed in reaching -> no.

16. accept and make use of one's personality -> no.

So the main candidates are 2 ("discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of") and 8 ("make a discovery, make a new finding") and maybe 4 ("establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study").

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" example: Roentgen discovered X-rays. "Finding a gene" is exactly a discovery. Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" example: detect high levels of lead. This also fits. Often dictionaries separate "find" as in discover something (like a new gene) vs determine the existence of something (like detecting lead). Let's see the distinction. The sentence says "reported finding a gene called p53". They discovered a gene. In scientific context, "finding a gene" means they identified and discovered it. Which sense is more specific? Sense 8 explicitly says "make a discovery, make a new finding" and the example is "Roentgen discovered X-rays". That is perfect: discovering X-rays is discovering a new phenomenon, just like finding a gene. Sense 2's example is detecting lead in water, which is more about determining the presence of something known, but the gene p53 was a new discovery at the time. However, the wording "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" could still cover discovering something new. But sense 8 is specifically "make a discovery, make a new finding". Many WordNet senses: I recall WordNet has specific senses. "find" sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (example: Roentgen discovered X-rays). "find" sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (example: She detected high levels of lead...). The sentence says "finding a gene called p53". A gene is a thing discovered, a new finding. In science, you "find" a gene, meaning you discover it. I think sense 8 is the most direct. However, sometimes "finding a gene" is interpreted as "discovering the existence of a gene", which could be sense 2. But let's see the context: "researchers reported finding a gene". Researchers make discoveries. Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding". That matches perfectly. Sense 2 is also possible, but sense 8 is more specific to making a discovery (a new finding). I'll go with 8.

Double-check: The numbered senses are likely from WordNet. WordNet 3.0 "find" verb senses:
1. find, happen, chance, bump, encounter - come upon, as if by accident; meet with
2. detect, observe, find, discover, notice - discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
3. find, regain - come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost
4. determine, find, find out, ascertain - establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
5. feel, find - come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds
6. find - perceive or be contemporaneous with
7. line up, get hold, come up, find - get something or somebody for a specific purpose
8. discover, find - make a discovery, make a new finding
9. discover, find - make a discovery
10. find - obtain through effort or management
11. rule, find - decide on and make a declaration about
12. find - receive a specified treatment (abstract)
13. find - perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place
14. recover, retrieve, find, regain - get or find back; recover the use of
15. find - succeed in reaching; arrive at
16. find oneself, find - accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation

Note: Sense 8 and 9 are very similar. 8: make a discovery, make a new finding (example: Roentgen discovered X-rays). 9: make a discovery (example: She found that he had lied to her). The difference is 9 takes a clause (found that...), while 8 takes a noun phrase (discovered X-rays). In our sentence: "finding a gene" is a noun phrase direct object, so it matches sense 8.

Therefore, the correct sense is 8.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "call" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene <t>called</t> p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | examples=I tried to call you all night
4. definition=utter a sudden loud cry | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle
5. definition=order, request, or command to come | examples=She was called into the director's office
6. definition=pay a brief visit | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'
8. definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!
10. definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'
13. definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. definition=demand payment of (a loan) | examples=Call a loan
15. definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | examples=He called his trump
16. definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance
17. definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty
25. definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name
26. definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

reasoning_content:
We need to find which sense of "call" is used in the phrase "a gene called p53". The word is inside <t>called</t>. So we need the sense of "call" that matches "called" in this context. "called" is past participle of "call". The structure is "a gene called p53" meaning "a gene which is named p53". So the sense is "to give a name to". Let's check the senses:

1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David

This matches perfectly: assigning a proper name (p53) to a gene. So the answer is 1.

I'll output just the number.

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impair" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=make worse or less effective | examples=His vision was impaired
2. definition=make imperfect | examples=nothing marred her beauty

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'impair' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

The sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

Senses given:
1. definition=make worse or less effective | examples=His vision was impaired
2. definition=make imperfect | examples=nothing marred her beauty

We need to determine which sense fits the use of "impaired" in the sentence. The gene p53, if impaired, turns healthy cells cancerous. "Impaired" here likely means its function is reduced or made worse/less effective, not just made imperfect. In biology, a gene being impaired usually means its normal function is compromised, making it less effective or non-functional. This aligns with sense 1: make worse or less effective. Sense 2 "make imperfect" is more about marring beauty or making something flawed, but the primary meaning in a biological context is loss of function or reduced effectiveness. So answer is 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[User]
Which numbered sense of "turn" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me
2. definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism
3. definition=undergo a change or development | examples=The water turned into ice
4. definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key
5. definition=change to the contrary | examples=The trend was reversed
6. definition=pass to the other side of | examples=turn the corner
7. definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | examples=The weather turned nasty
8. definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | examples=turn a page of a book
11. definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week
13. definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table
14. definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | examples=wrench one's ankle
16. definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him
17. definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault
18. definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall
20. definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction
21. definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | examples=bend the rod
22. definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10
23. definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me
24. definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | examples=She called on her Representative to help her
25. definition=go sour or spoil | examples=The milk has soured
26. definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'turn' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous."

We need to choose the sense that matches the usage. The verb "turns" here is used in the pattern "turns X into Y" but here it's "turns healthy colon cells cancerous". That means it causes them to become cancerous. It's a causative transformation: "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics."

Let's check the list. Sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him". That matches perfectly: "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" is like "turns X into Y" where Y is an adjective "cancerous". The sense is causative change.

Other options:
3: "undergo a change or development | examples=The water turned into ice" (intransitive).
7: "pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | examples=The weather turned nasty" (intransitive).
16 is transitive, causative.

So the answer is 16.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "healthy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby
2. definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | examples=a healthy diet
4. definition=exercising or showing good judgment | examples=healthy scepticism
5. definition=large in amount or extent or degree | examples=it cost a considerable amount

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'healthy' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous."

Senses:
1. definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby
2. definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | examples=a healthy diet
4. definition=exercising or showing good judgment | examples=healthy scepticism
5. definition=large in amount or extent or degree | examples=it cost a considerable amount

In the sentence, "healthy colon cells" refers to colon cells that are free from disease, i.e., in good health. This matches sense 1: "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease". Sense 3 is "promoting health" like a healthy diet, but the cells themselves are healthy, not promoting health. So it's sense 1.

provider: GMICloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "colon" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos
3. definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos
4. definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal
5. definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'colon' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous."

Senses:
1. the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum...
2. money in El Salvador...
3. money in Costa Rica...
4. a port city...
5. a punctuation mark...

The word in the sentence is "colon" and it's used as "colon cells". This clearly refers to the anatomical part, the large intestine. So sense 1.

I need to return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cell' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous."

Senses given:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

The word in the sentence is "cells" in "colon cells". This clearly refers to biological cells. Sense 2 is the biological definition. So the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancerous" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancerous' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>."

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him

We need to pick sense 1 or 2. The sentence talks about healthy colon cells becoming cancerous, meaning they become affected with cancer (literal). So sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble
3. definition=a short account of the news | examples=the report of his speech
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "report" is used in the sentence: "Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The senses are numbered 1 through 7. The sentence refers to a report that other research teams are following up on, and it mentions "research teams uncovered evidence." This suggests the report is a written document describing findings of some individual or group, likely a scientific study. Sense 1: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" and example "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale." This fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about verbal report; 3 is a short account of news; 4 is explosive sound; 5 is report card; 6 is essay; 7 is reputation. The context is clearly about a research document. So the answer is 1.

provider: NextBit


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'other' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

We need to pick the correct sense. The word "other" in the sentence: "two other research teams" – meaning two additional research teams, not the one(s) already mentioned. This matches sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". Sense 2: "recently past" (like "the other evening"). Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past". Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character". Clearly sense 1.

So answer: 1

provider: WandB


[User]
Which numbered sense of "team" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
2. definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'team' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
2. definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

We need to decide which sense fits "research teams". Sense 1 is "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)". Sense 2 is "two or more draft animals that work together to pull something". Clearly, "research teams" refers to groups of people working together, so it's sense 1. The answer should be just the number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "evidence" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'evidence' ... is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

We must choose the correct sense. The word "evidence" in the sentence is scientific evidence: research teams uncovered evidence (facts, data) that supports a claim. It is the basis for belief. Sense 1 matches this: "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief". The example even uses a scientific context: "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling". The sentence uses "evidence that ..." similarly. Sense 2 is "an indication that makes something evident", like a sign (trembling is evidence of fear). That's more like a symptom or outward sign. Here it's about research uncovering data, not just an indication. Sense 3 is legal. So answer is 1.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "same" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday
2. definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls
3. definition=equal in amount or value | examples=like amounts
4. definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'same' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Senses:
1. same in identity (the same man I saw yesterday)
2. closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree (curtains the same color as the walls)
3. equal in amount or value (like amounts)
4. unchanged in character or nature (the village stayed the same)

We need to choose the correct sense number.

The sentence says: "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers." This means they found evidence that the identical gene (same in identity) is present in both types of cancer. The gene is not just similar; it's the exact same gene (same damaged p53 gene). This is about identity: it's the same gene, not a similar one. "Same in identity" fits best.

Sense 1: "same in identity" - example: "the same man I saw yesterday" (the exact same person). This matches.

Sense 2: "closely similar" - would be like "a gene similar to that one". But the sentence says "the same damaged p53 gene", meaning it's the identical one.

Sense 3: equal in amount or value - not about amount.

Sense 4: unchanged - not about something staying unchanged over time.

So the correct sense is 1.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damaged" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods
2. definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | examples=a discredited politician

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'damaged' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods
2. definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | examples=a discredited politician

We need to determine which sense of "damaged" applies to "damaged p53 gene". The gene is damaged, meaning it is harmed, injured, or spoiled (like a mutation that impairs its function). Sense 2 is about disrepute, a discredited politician, which doesn't fit a gene. So sense 1 is correct.

Return only the number: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "present" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader
2. definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'present' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The senses given:
1. definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader
2. definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room

In the sentence, "present" refers to the damaged gene existing in tissue. It means "being or existing in a specified place" (the tissue). So sense 2 is correct.

The instruction: "Return only the number of the correct sense." So I should output just "2".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "tissue" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'tissue' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper

We need to identify which sense is used. The sentence mentions "tissue from lung and breast cancers". This clearly refers to biological tissue, i.e., part of an organism consisting of cells. So sense 1. Sense 2 is paper tissue, like Kleenex. So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "most" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the superlative | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'most' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the superlative | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

The word "most" in the sentence is used in the superlative form: "the most common and lethal forms". This matches sense 1: "used to form the superlative". The example given is "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake" which is exactly the same structure. Sense 2 is "very" (e.g., "a most welcome relief") which is not the same use because here "most" is used with "the" to form the superlative. Sense 3 is about "most" meaning "almost" (e.g., "the job is about done") which is completely different.

Thus, Answer: 1.

provider: Together


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'common' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Senses provided:
1. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | for the common good
2. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | the common man
3. common to or shared by two or more parties | a common friend
4. commonly encountered | a common (or familiar) complaint
5. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | common parlance
6. of or associated with the great masses of people | the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. to be expected; standard | common decency

We need to determine which sense "common" fits in the sentence. The sentence says "the most common and lethal forms of the disease". It means frequently occurring, widespread, prevalent. Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". Sense 4: "commonly encountered". Both 2 and 4 mention "commonly encountered". However, sense 2 is broader, including average or ordinary, while sense 4 is specifically "commonly encountered". In the context of diseases, "common" means occurring often, frequently encountered. Sense 4 example: "a common (or familiar) complaint" is very similar. Sense 2 example: "the common man" is a different nuance. Which one is more precise? Usually, in dictionary senses, "common" meaning frequent is often a separate sense. Let's see: sense 2 says "widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". Sense 4 says "commonly encountered". The sentence is about cancers being common, i.e., frequently occurring. Both could work, but sense 4 is specifically "commonly encountered" with example "a common complaint", which is essentially the same usage. Sense 2 includes "average or ordinary", which may not be the primary meaning here. I'd lean towards sense 4 as the most direct match: "commonly encountered". But sometimes dictionaries merge them. Let's check the definitions carefully. Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". Sense 4: "commonly encountered". They are very similar; sense 4 seems like a subset of sense 2. However, in the context of the list, they are separate numbered senses, so we must pick one. The phrase "most common forms of the disease" refers to the forms that occur most frequently. That is exactly "commonly encountered". So 4 is a perfect match. Sense 2 adds "average or ordinary or usual", which might apply to "the common man", but not necessarily to diseases. I think sense 4 is intended. Let's see if any other sense fits. Sense 9: "to be expected; standard" - not exactly. So I'll go with 4.

But wait: often in WordNet or similar, "common" meaning frequently occurring is labeled as such. Sense 4 says "commonly encountered" and example "a common (or familiar) complaint" (like a common cold). That's the exact usage. So I'll return 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "form" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | examples=sculpture is a form of art
3. definition=a perceptual structure | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form
4. definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | examples=Leonardo studied the human body
6. definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue
11. definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form
15. definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes
16. definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which sense of "form" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

We need to match the meaning of "forms" in this context.

Looking at the senses:

1. linguistic form (inflected forms)
2. a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (e.g., sculpture is a form of art)
3. perceptual structure (musical form)
4. spatial attributes (shape)
5. human body
6. spatial arrangement vs substance
7. visual appearance
8. printed document (tax form)
9. biology: a group of organisms within a species
10. arrangement in composition/discourse
11. particular mode of manifestation
12. physical chemistry: state of matter
13. class of students
14. ability to perform well
15. life-size dummy for clothes
16. mold for concrete

In the sentence, "forms" refers to types of cancer: colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer are specific types/kinds of the disease cancer. So "forms" means categories or varieties distinguished by common characteristics. This matches sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" with example "sculpture is a form of art". Indeed, colon, lung and breast cancers are forms (types/categories) of the disease.

Thus, the correct sense number is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "kill" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank
2. definition=thwart the passage of | examples=kill a motion
3. definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill
5. definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. definition=drink down entirely | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner
12. definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'kill' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year."

We need to find the sense that matches this usage.

Senses list:

1. cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank
2. thwart the passage of | examples=kill a motion
3. end or extinguish by forceful means | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill
5. be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. drink down entirely | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner
12. mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

The sentence says: "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year". The cancers are causing the death of almost 200,000 Americans. It's not about a single person intentionally causing death, it's about a disease being the cause of death. Sense 4: "be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill" matches perfectly. "Cigarettes kill" -> they are fatal, they cause death. Similarly, cancers kill people. Sense 9: "deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands" also could fit, but note that "be fatal" is more about the quality of being fatal, while "deprive of life" is a transitive verb meaning to take life. Both seem possible, but let's see the nuances. Sense 4 specifically says "be fatal" and gives the example "cigarettes kill" – that's an intransitive usage? Wait, "cigarettes kill" can be intransitive (they are lethal) but here it's "killing almost 200,000 Americans" – it has an object. So "kill" here is transitive. Sense 4 definition: "be fatal". Example: "cigarettes kill". That could be interpreted as intransitive "cigarettes kill [people]". Sense 9 is "deprive of life", example "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa." That's very similar: disease killing people. Sense 10 is "cause the death of, without intention". That usually refers to accidental killing, like in a car crash. Not diseases. Sense 1 is "cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly". Not for diseases. So between 4 and 9: "be fatal" vs "deprive of life". "Deprive of life" is a bit more formal/legal. But "AIDS has killed thousands" is exactly the same structure: disease + kill + number of people. The sense 9 definition is "deprive of life", which fits. But sense 4 "be fatal" might be more about the property: "cigarettes kill". However, "be fatal" is a definition that could cover both intransitive and transitive uses like "cigarettes kill thousands". Let's think about typical dictionary senses. Often, "kill" for diseases is a separate sense: "to cause death" without intent. Some dictionaries have "to be the cause of death" for diseases, accidents, etc. Looking at the given list, sense 10 is "cause the death of, without intention" with example "She was killed in the collision of three cars." That seems to be about accidental death (person as subject patient). Sense 9: "deprive of life" with example "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa." That is specifically about disease-caused death. So 9 is probably the intended sense. Sense 4: "be fatal" example "cigarettes kill" – this could be intransitive "cigarettes are fatal". In the sentence, it's transitive ("killing almost 200,000 Americans"). "Cigarettes kill" can be seen as transitive with implied object, but the definition says "be fatal". But "be fatal" is typically intransitive, whereas in the sentence it's used transitively. However, "cigarettes kill" could be considered intransitive. But "killing Americans" is clearly transitive. So sense 9 "deprive of life" with the example "AIDS has killed thousands" is a perfect match: a disease depriving many of life, transitive.

Let's check if there's any other sense that fits. No, others are clearly different. So I'll go with 9.

But wait, is "kill" in the context of diseases considered "deprive of life"? Yes. The example "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa" matches "cancers killing almost 200,000 Americans a year." Both are diseases causing death. So sense 9.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "american" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year.

Senses:
1. definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. definition=the English language as used in the United States
3. definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which numbered sense of "american" is used in the sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year." The word in question is "Americans" (note the capital letter, plural). The senses are:
1. a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. the English language as used in the United States
3. a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

In this context, "Americans" refers to people, not the language, so sense 2 is out. Between 1 and 3: "American" often means a person from the United States. In a health/medical context like this, "Americans" almost certainly refers to people in the United States. The sentence is about colon, lung and breast cancers killing almost 200,000 Americans a year – such statistics are commonly from the US. It's unlikely to mean all inhabitants of North, Central, and South America collectively. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "year" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | examples=she is 4 years old
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'year' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>."

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | examples=she is 4 years old
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97

In the sentence, "a year" refers to a time period of one year (365/366 days). It's saying "killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" meaning per year, annually. This matches sense 1: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days. Sense 2 is about a specific part of a calendar year used for an activity (like school year, fiscal year). Sense 3 is planetary revolution, not applicable. Sense 4 is a group of students. So clearly sense 1.

Thus answer:


[User]
Which numbered sense of "right" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. definition=exactly | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left
5. definition=in the right manner | examples=please do your job properly!
6. definition=an interjection expressing agreement
7. definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home
8. definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | examples=the baby is mighty cute
9. definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | examples=that serves him right
10. definition=in an accurate manner | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which sense of "right" is used in the sentence: "Right now about a dozen laboratories..." The word is "right" modifying "now". The senses are numbered. Let's look at the options:

1. precisely, exactly (stand right here)
2. immediately (she called right after dinner)
3. exactly (he fell flop on his face)
4. toward or on the right (also figurative)
5. in the right manner (properly)
6. interjection
7. completely (she felt right at home)
8. (Southern) very; to a great degree
9. in accordance with moral standards
10. in an accurate manner

In "Right now", "right" means "exactly" or "immediately". Specifically, "right now" means "at this moment" or "immediately". Looking at sense 1: "precisely, exactly" with example "stand right here!" That fits "stand right here" meaning exactly here. Sense 2: "immediately" with example "she called right after dinner". That means immediately after. For "right now", it often means immediately or exactly now. Many dictionaries list "right now" as meaning "at the present moment" or "immediately". The sense "immediately" seems applicable: she called right after dinner. "Right now" could be interpreted as "immediately" (e.g., "Do it right now!") or "exactly now". In the given sentence: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..." It means "At this very moment", so it's emphasizing the present time. Is it sense 1 (precisely, exactly) or sense 2 (immediately)? Sense 1 example: "stand right here!" (exactly here). Sense 2: "she called right after dinner" (immediately after). "Right now" is commonly used to mean "at the present moment" rather than "immediately" in the sense of sequence. In fact, "right now" can be an intensifier for "now", meaning exactly now. The sense "immediately" often applies to "right away" or "right after", whereas "right now" is more like "exactly now". However, sense 2 says "immediately" and the example is "she called right after dinner", which is "immediately after". "Right now" meaning "at this moment" is closer to sense 1: precisely, exactly. Let's compare: sense 1 "precisely, exactly" example "stand right here!" – here it modifies a location, "right here". Sense 1 could be extended to time: "right now" meaning exactly now. Sense 2: "immediately" – "she called right after dinner". That's a temporal relationship indicating immediately afterward. In "Right now about a dozen laboratories...", it doesn't mean immediately after something else, it means at the present moment. So sense 1 is a better match. But wait, many dictionaries list "right now" under "immediately" or "exactly". However, the phrasing "Right now" as an adverb phrase means "at the present time". Is there a sense that specifically says "exactly"? Sense 3 is also "exactly" but with example "he fell flop on his face" – that seems odd. The list is numbered. Let's re-read:

1. definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. definition=exactly | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left
5. definition=in the right manner | examples=please do your job properly!
6. definition=an interjection expressing agreement
7. definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home
8. definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | examples=the baby is mighty cute
9. definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | examples=that serves him right
10. definition=in an accurate manner | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son

We need to choose between 1 and 2. In "right now", "right" is used as an intensifier meaning "exactly" or "precisely". For instance, Merriam-Webster lists "right" as an adverb meaning "exactly, precisely" (e.g., right here, right now). The example "stand right here" is parallel to "right now". Sense 2 "immediately" fits "right after dinner" (immediately after) or "right now" meaning "without delay". However, "Right now about a dozen laboratories" doesn't imply immediacy of action in response to something; it's describing a current situation. So it's more "precisely/exactly now". Thus sense 1 is the most appropriate.

But let's double-check: Sometimes "right now" is defined as "immediately". But in this context, it's "At the present moment". The word "right" in "right now" is an adverb meaning "exactly". I'll go with 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "now" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard
2. definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished
3. definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!
4. definition=at the present moment | examples=goods now on sale
5. definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | examples=he answered immediately
6. definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'now' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

We have seven senses listed. We need to pick the one that matches the usage "Right now" in this sentence.

Analyze the sentence: "Right now" modifies the present continuous "are racing", indicating they are currently racing. "Right now" means at this present moment.

Look at the senses:
1. historical present (narrative past) - not relevant.
2. "in these times" / "nowadays" - possibly, but "right now" is more immediate than general present times.
3. preface a command/reproof/request - not.
4. at the present moment - goods now on sale. "now" = at the present moment. "Right now" fits this perfectly.
5. without delay - not.
6. prefatory/transitional - not.
7. in the immediate past - "told me just now" - not.

Sense 4: "at the present moment" with example "goods now on sale". The sentence says "Right now ... are racing", meaning currently, at this moment. So sense 4 is correct.

Thus, the answer is 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "about" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | examples=lasted approximately an hour
2. definition=all around or on all sides | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about)
3. definition=in the area or vicinity | examples=a few spectators standing about
4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | examples=wandering about with no place to go
5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | examples=about face
6. definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes." The word "about" is tagged. We need to select which numbered sense of "about" is used. The senses are:

1. (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | example: lasted approximately an hour
2. all around or on all sides | example: dirty clothes lying around (or about)
3. in the area or vicinity | example: a few spectators standing about
4. used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | example: wandering about with no place to go
5. in or to a reversed position or direction | example: about face
6. in rotation or succession | example: turn about is fair play
7. (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | example: the job is (just) about done

In the sentence, "about a dozen laboratories" means "approximately a dozen laboratories". That matches sense 1: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct". So the correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "laboratory" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
2. definition=a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | examples=the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'laboratory' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

Senses:
1. a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
2. a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation (examples: the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories)

The sentence refers to actual labs doing genetic research. So it's sense 1. We must return only the number.

Thus answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "u.s." (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the <t>U.S.</t>, Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
2. definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'u.s.' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the <t>U.S.</t>, Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

Senses:
1. definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
2. definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

In the sentence, "in the U.S., Canada and Britain" refers to the countries where laboratories are located. The context clearly indicates the geographic/political entity (the country), not specifically the branches of government. Therefore, sense 2 is the correct one.

Answer: 2

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "race" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=move fast | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests
2. definition=compete in a race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year
3. definition=to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others | examples=We are racing to find a cure for AIDS
4. definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

We need to pick the numbered sense for the word "racing" (lemma "race"). The senses:

1. move fast (e.g., He rushed down the hall...)
2. compete in a race (e.g., he is running the Marathon this year)
3. to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others (e.g., We are racing to find a cure for AIDS)
4. cause to move fast or to rush or race (e.g., The psychologist raced the rats...)

The sentence uses "are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes." The meaning is they are working as fast as possible to achieve a goal (unmasking genes), and there's an implied competition among the laboratories. This matches sense 3 perfectly: "to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others" with example "We are racing to find a cure for AIDS". Sense 1 is just move fast (physical movement), but here it's a figurative race to achieve a scientific goal. Sense 2 is competing in an actual race, not figurative. Sense 4 is causative. So the correct sense is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'other' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

We need to pick the sense that fits. In the sentence, "other suspected tumor-suppressing genes" means additional or different genes that are suspected, not the same ones already mentioned or implied. It aligns with sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." The other senses are clearly not applicable: sense 2 is about time (the other evening), sense 3 is distant past, sense 4 is unusual/different dimension. So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "about" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They have <t>about</t> seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | examples=lasted approximately an hour
2. definition=all around or on all sides | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about)
3. definition=in the area or vicinity | examples=a few spectators standing about
4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | examples=wandering about with no place to go
5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | examples=about face
6. definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'about' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: They have <t>about</t> seven candidates.

We need to choose from the given senses.

Let's look at the sentence: "They have about seven candidates." Here, "about" modifies "seven" meaning approximately, imprecise but close to the number. Sense 1: definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | examples=lasted approximately an hour. This matches perfectly. "about seven" means approximately seven.

Therefore, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Researchers <t>say</t> the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'say' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: Researchers <t>say</t> the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

We have 11 senses. We need to determine which one matches the usage of "say" in the sentence.

Let's examine the sentence: "Researchers say [that] the inactivation ... appears crucial ...". This is a reporting of a claim or finding. The researchers are stating something as a conclusion or finding. This corresponds to sense 2: "report or maintain", with example "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime". It could also be sense 1: "express in words", but sense 1 example is simply "He said that he wanted to marry her", which is also reporting speech. But sense 2 is specifically "report or maintain", which fits academic/research reporting. Often, "say" in news/research contexts means "report" or "state as a fact or opinion". Actually, sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - "I say let's forget this whole business" is more about giving an opinion or suggestion. The sentence is reporting research findings, so "report or maintain" (sense 2) seems the best fit. Let's check all senses:

1: express in words - He said that he wanted to marry her. (This is similar, but the sentence is more formal reporting.)
2: report or maintain - He alleged that he was the victim of a crime. (This matches the context of researchers making a claim.)
3: express a supposition - Let us say... (Not a supposition, it's a conclusion.)
4: have or contain a certain wording... (Not applicable.)
5: give instructions... (Not applicable.)
6: speak/pronounce... (Not applicable.)
7: communicate nonverbally... (Not applicable.)
8: utter aloud... (Not applicable, it's written reporting.)
9: state as one's opinion... (Could be, but researchers saying something is typically "reporting" findings, and sense 2 explicitly says "report".)
10: recite... (Not applicable.)
11: indicate - The clock says noon. (Not applicable.)

So the most appropriate is sense 2. Let me confirm if there's any nuance: "Researchers say..." is a very common reporting verb. Sense 2 is "report or maintain". Yes. I'll return 2.

provider: Fireworks


[User]
Which numbered sense of "alone" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, <t>alone</t> or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Senses:
1. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
2. definition=without anybody else or anything else | examples=the child stayed home alone

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which sense of "alone" is used in the given sentence. The word "alone" is tagged with <t> tags. Sentence: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, <t>alone</t> or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."

Senses provided:
1. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
2. definition=without anybody else or anything else | examples=the child stayed home alone

We need to determine whether sense 1 or sense 2 applies.

The phrase is "alone or in combination". This means the inactivation of genes can occur by itself (alone) or together with other factors (in combination). The sense here refers to "without any others being included or involved", meaning the inactivation happens by itself, not in combination with other inactivations. Sense 2 ("without anybody else or anything else") typically refers to being physically alone, like "the child stayed home alone". The context is about genetic events occurring singly or in combination. So sense 1 fits. Thus, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "combination" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in <t>combination</t>, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Senses:
1. definition=a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
2. definition=a coordinated sequence of chess moves
3. definition=a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock | examples=he forgot the combination to the safe
4. definition=a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose | examples=they were a winning combination
5. definition=an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose (formerly to achieve some antisocial end but now for general political or economic purposes)
6. definition=the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order
7. definition=the act of combining things to form a new whole

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "combination" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in <t>combination</t>, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."

The word is "combination". Senses:

1. a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
2. a coordinated sequence of chess moves
3. a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock
4. a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose
5. an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose
6. the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order
7. the act of combining things to form a new whole

In the sentence, "alone or in combination" refers to the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes. It means that genes can be inactivated alone or together (in combination). The phrase "in combination" means "combined" or "together". So it's the act of combining or the state of being combined. Sense 7: "the act of combining things to form a new whole" could fit, but "combination" here might refer to the state of being combined (i.e., together). Often "in combination" means "jointly", "together". Sense 1: "a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities" might also fit if it's the resulting collection, but the phrase "in combination" is an idiomatic expression meaning "when combined". Let's examine the senses more closely.
Sense 1: "a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities" – this is a noun referring to the group itself. Example: "The combination of genes..." But "in combination" is an adverbial phrase meaning "jointly, together". It's more about the act of combining or the state of being combined. Sense 6: "the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order" – this is a mathematical combination (combinations vs permutations), not the meaning here. Sense 7: "the act of combining things to form a new whole" – this is the act. "in combination" could be rephrased as "when combined", so it's the act or process. However, often dictionaries have an entry for "in combination (with)" meaning "together with". Let's see: if a dictionary lists sense 1 as a collection, sense 7 as the act of combining. The phrase "in combination" might be considered an example of sense 7 because it emphasizes the combining action. But sometimes "combination" can refer to the state of being combined. The definition for sense 7: "the act of combining things to form a new whole." That sounds like the process. "In combination" means "in the state of being combined" or "while combining". I think sense 7 is the most appropriate because it's about combining genes' inactivation. Sense 1 is the result (an assemblage). The phrase "in combination" typically stresses the joint effect, so it's the act or the fact of combining. Let's compare sense 7 and sense 1. "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination..." means the inactivation can happen alone or together. The word "combination" here is not referring to a specific collection of things, but the abstract concept of combining. Many dictionaries list "combination" as "the act or process of combining". That is sense 7. Sense 1 is the product. "In combination" is an idiomatic usage of the action sense. I'll go with 7. Check: if the sentence said "the combination of these genes", that would be sense 1. But "in combination" is adverbial, pointing to the act. So answer: 7.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "appear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, <t>appears</t> crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Senses:
1. definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | examples=She seems to be sleeping
2. definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding
3. definition=be issued or published | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?
4. definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | examples=It seems that he is very gifted
5. definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives
6. definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie
7. definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "appear" is used in the sentence: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, <t>appears</t> crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer..."

The word "appears" here is followed by an adjective "crucial". It is used to express a conclusion or impression: it seems to be crucial, or it gives the impression of being crucial. This matches sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (example: "She seems to be sleeping") or sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (example: "It seems that he is very gifted").

Let's check the definitions:
1. definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | examples=She seems to be sleeping
   This is a linking verb sense, often with an adjective. "Appears crucial" fits this. The example uses "seems", which is synonymous with "appears" in this sense.
4. definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | examples=It seems that he is very gifted
   This often takes a clause (e.g., "It appears that..."). The sentence says "appears crucial", which is an adjective complement, not a clause. The structure "X appears Y" (where Y is an adjective) is typical for sense 1. Sense 4 is "It appears/seems that..." or "There appears to be...". In the given sentence, it's "inactivation ... appears crucial", which is like "She seems to be sleeping" (subject + linking verb + adjective). So sense 1 is more directly about giving an impression with an outward aspect. Sense 1 says "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect". Sense 4 says "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" with example "It seems that...". The distinction: sense 1 is for "copula" appear with adjectives/nouns, sense 4 is for "appear that...". So I think sense 1 is correct.

Let's confirm: Many dictionaries conflate these, but given the numbered senses, 1 is "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (example: She seems to be sleeping). Here, "appears crucial" means "seems to be crucial". So it fits perfectly.

Thus, the answer is 1.