[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using <t>new</t> "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'new' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A test using <t>new</t> 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

We have 11 numbered senses. Let's examine the sentence. "new" modifies "genetic probes". "New genetic probes" indicates that these genetic probes are newly developed or recently made. Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered". This fits well: the probes are new in the sense of being recently made or discovered.

Check the other senses:
2. original and of a kind not seen before: "novel" is a synonym, but the probes might be novel, but the emphasis is on them being recently developed. Often, "new" for technology is simply sense 1.
3. lacking training or experience: no, applies to people.
4. having no previous example: unexampled, not the sense here.
5. other than the former one, different: not the sense.
6. unaffected by use or exposure: like new condition, no.
7. gratuitously new: newfangled, not the connotation here.
8. in use after medieval times: no.
9. current stage of a living language: no.
10. harvested early: no.
11. unfamiliar: "new experiences" means unfamiliar. Could "new genetic probes" mean unfamiliar genetic probes? Maybe. But the context suggests they are recently developed probes used in a test. Sense 1 is about "having just come into being" which fits "genetic probes" as a technology. In such contexts (like scientific tests), "new" often means recently developed. Let's parse carefully: "A test using new genetic probes" means they used genetic probes that are new. That is sense 1. "New experiences" is sense 11. I'm confident it's 1.

So the answer:1


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "<t>genetic</t> probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

We need to choose which numbered sense of "genetic" applies. The word is used in the phrase "genetic probes".

The senses are:
1. occurring among members of a family usually by heredity (e.g., an inherited disease)
2. of or relating to or produced by or being a gene (e.g., genic combinations)
3. pertaining to or referring to origin (e.g., genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work)
4. of or relating to the science of genetics (e.g., genetic research)

We need to interpret "genetic probes". In molecular biology, a genetic probe is a probe used to detect specific genes or gene sequences. It is "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" (sense 2). It could also be argued that it relates to the science of genetics (sense 4), but typically "genetic probe" is a probe that targets genes, so it's directly relating to genes. The context says "test using new 'genetic' probes" to check if he inherited a damaged gene. The probes are used to examine genes, so they are "of or relating to genes". Sense 2 fits best.

Thus, the correct sense is number 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "show" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "<t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | examples=She shows her dogs frequently
2. definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound
3. definition=provide evidence for | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father
4. definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking
5. definition=show in, or as in, a picture | examples=This scene depicts country life
6. definition=give expression to | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | examples=I showed the customer the glove section
8. definition=be or become visible or noticeable | examples=His good upbringing really shows
9. definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero
10. definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'show' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' <t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

Senses provided:
1. give an exhibition...
2. establish the validity...
3. provide evidence for | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father
4. make visible or noticeable...
5. show in, or as in, a picture...
6. give expression to...
7. indicate a place...
8. be or become visible...
9. indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments...
10. give evidence of, as of records...
11. take (someone) to their seats...
12. finish third or better...

The sentence says: "A test ... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited..." So a test provided evidence for something. Sense 3 is "provide evidence for" and the example is "The blood test showed that he was the father." That matches perfectly. Sense 2 is "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment", but that is more about demonstrating or proving by argument/experiment. The sentence talks about a test showing a result, which is providing evidence. Sense 10 "give evidence of, as of records" but that's about records like diaries. Sense 3 is exactly "provide evidence for" with a test example. So answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "little" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | examples=a little dining room
2. definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | examples=little rain fell in May
3. definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | examples=what a big little boy you are
4. definition=(informal) small and of little importance | examples=a fiddling sum of money
5. definition=(of a voice) faint | examples=a little voice
6. definition=low in stature; not tall | examples=he was short and stocky
7. definition=lowercase | examples=little a
8. definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'little' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | examples=a little dining room
2. definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | examples=little rain fell in May
3. definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | examples=what a big little boy you are
4. definition=(informal) small and of little importance | examples=a fiddling sum of money
5. definition=(of a voice) faint | examples=a little voice
6. definition=low in stature; not tall | examples=he was short and stocky
7. definition=lowercase | examples=little a
8. definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job

Wait, the sentence says "little Will Quinlan". The word "little" is used to describe a child named Will Quinlan. The context indicates Will Quinlan is a child (since he is at risk of developing a rare cancer and compared to "other children"). Therefore, "little" here means "young" or "immature", which matches sense 3: (of children and animals) young, immature. The example given for sense 3 is "what a big little boy you are", which also uses "little" for a child.

Thus, the correct sense is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "inherit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'inherit' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

The senses given are:
1. definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

The sentence talks about a gene ("damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene") and whether the child inherited it. It's clearly about genetic transmission. So sense 3 is the correct one.

The answer should be: 3

provider: AtlasCloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damaged" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a <t>damaged</t> retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods
2. definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | examples=a discredited politician

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which numbered sense of the word "damaged" is used in the provided sentence. The word is marked with <t>damaged</t>. We have two senses provided:

Sense 1: definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods
Sense 2: definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | examples=a discredited politician

The sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

We need to decide if "damaged" here means sense 1 (harmed, injured, spoiled) or sense 2 (being unjustly brought into disrepute). The context is a gene: "damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene". A gene can be damaged in the sense of being harmed or altered in a way that impairs its function. This is a biological context, referring to a mutation or injury to the gene. Sense 2 refers to reputation, which is not applicable to a gene. Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

The answer is 1.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "face" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | examples=You must confront your problems
2. definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | examples=You must confront your opponent
3. definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | examples=The house looks north
4. definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page
5. definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | examples=We confronted him with the evidence
7. definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'face' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

We have 9 senses, with definitions and examples. We need to match the usage "faced no more risk" to one of these.

Let's examine each sense:

1. definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | examples=You must confront your problems
2. definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | examples=You must confront your opponent
3. definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | examples=The house looks north
4. definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page
5. definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | examples=We confronted him with the evidence
7. definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

In the sentence, "faced no more risk" means "was confronted with no more risk" or "had to deal with no more risk". It's about encountering a risk. Sense 1 is "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". Risk is something unpleasant that one might have to deal with. "Faced no more risk" means he did not have to deal with that risk any more than others. So sense 1 seems appropriate.

Let's double-check others. Sense 2 is oppose in competition. Not about risk. Sense 3 and 4 are about physical orientation/direction. Sense 5 is physical turning. Sense 6 is presenting somebody with something to accuse/criticize. Risk isn't accusing or criticizing. Sense 7, 8, 9 are physical actions (cards, garments, buildings). So sense 1 is the correct metaphorical usage: to confront or deal with something unpleasant, like a risk or problem.

Thus answer is 1.

provider: WandB


[User]
Which numbered sense of "more" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | examples=more land
2. definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'more' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes" showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | examples=more land
2. definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats

We need to decide if "more" in the sentence is sense 1 or sense 2.

In the sentence: "faced no more risk than other children". "Risk" is an uncountable (mass) noun. You say "more risk", not "more risks" (though you could say "more risks" but here it's singular "risk"). The sense used here is the comparative of 'much', meaning greater in amount or degree. So sense 1 fits.

Thus answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "risk" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime
3. definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred
4. definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'risk' ... is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer."

Senses:
1. definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime
3. definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred
4. definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent

We need to determine which sense matches the usage of "risk" in the sentence. The sentence refers to "risk of developing the rare cancer." It talks about the probability or chance of getting cancer. None of the senses explicitly mention cancer or general disease probability except senses 3 and 4, which are specifically about infection and infectious agents. However, the sentence is about cancer, not an infectious disease. Cancer is not typically caused by an infectious agent (though some can be, but the context here is genetic: inherited a damaged suppressor gene). The risk is about developing a cancer due to genetic predisposition. So senses 3 and 4 are too specific to infectious diseases.

Sense 1: "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune." This is more general and can apply to any danger, including disease. The example "drinking alcohol is a health hazard" is a health context. The phrase "faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer" means the chance/probability of developing cancer. That aligns with "a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" (where misfortune is getting cancer).

Sense 2: "a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury" – This implies a deliberate action/venture. The child didn't undertake a venture; this is a passive risk of developing a disease. So sense 2 is wrong.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct match because it's the general definition of risk as a possibility of something bad happening.

The answer should be

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer."

We need to find which numbered sense of "other" matches the usage. The senses are:
1. not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. recently past | examples=the other evening
3. belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

In the sentence, "other children" means children who are not the same as Will Quinlan, i.e., the rest of the children, implying children not already mentioned or specified. This fits sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". The sense 1 definition says "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White House" (actually it says "the White Queen" but that might be a typo). The example: "today isn't any other day" also implies "not the same as other days".

Sense 2 "recently past" like "the other evening" does not fit.
Sense 3 "distant past" no.
Sense 4 "very unusual" doesn't fit.

So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "child" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a young person of either sex | examples=she writes books for children
2. definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | examples=they had three children
3. definition=an immature childish person | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived
4. definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'child' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer."

We need to pick the sense number. The word is "children" which is plural of "child". Let's see the senses:

1. a young person of either sex | she writes books for children
2. a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | they had three children
3. an immature childish person | he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived
4. a member of a clan or tribe | the children of Israel

In the sentence: "other children" refers to other young people? The context: "little Will Quinlan" is a child. They compare his risk to that of other children of developing the rare cancer. "Children" here means young persons (since retinoblastoma is a childhood cancer, typically). So it's sense 1, young people. Could it be sense 2? Offspring of any age? No, they are comparing his risk to other kids, not to offspring of parents. Also "little Will Quinlan" indicates he's a young person. Not sense 3 or 4. So sense 1.

Thus answer: 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which numbered sense of "develop" is used in the given sentence. The word is "developing" in the phrase "developing the rare cancer". We need to match the meaning in this context to one of the provided definitions.

Sentence: "A test ... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

So "developing the rare cancer" means to acquire or get the cancer, to come to have the disease.

Let's review the senses:

1. make something new, such as a product...
2. work out (a theory)...
3. gain through experience (acquired an aversion)...
4. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) - e.g., "He grew a beard"
5. come into existence; take on form or shape...
6. change the use of and make available or usable (develop land)...
7. elaborate, as of theories...
8. create by training and teaching...
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded...
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution... (A flower developed)
11. become technologically advanced...
12. cause to grow and differentiate...
13. generate gradually (develop more potential customers)...
14. grow emotionally or mature...
15. make visible by means of chemical solutions...
16. superimpose a three-dimensional surface...
17. move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions...
18. move into a strategically more advantageous position...
19. elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea...
20. happen...
21. expand in the form of a series...

The phrase "developing a cancer" typically means "coming to have" the cancer, i.e., the onset of a disease. This corresponds to sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". The example given is "He grew a beard", which is acquiring a physical feature. Developing a disease is a change in physical attributes (health condition). Some other senses might seem close, like 5 "come into existence; take on form or shape" (e.g., a new religious movement originated), but "develop a disease" is standardly "come to have". Also sense 20 "happen" is possible, but "developing the rare cancer" is something happening to the child, but specifically it's about acquiring the disease. I think sense 4 is the most precise: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)".

Let's check the wording: sense 4 says "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - examples: "He grew a beard". In medicine, "develop a disease" means to begin to have a disease, which aligns with "come to have... a change of physical attributes". So answer is 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence and a list of senses for "cancer". The task is to identify which sense is used in the sentence. The senses are numbered, and we must return the number.

Sentence: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>."

We need to determine which definition matches the usage of "cancer" in the sentence. The word is clearly referring to a medical condition, a disease. Let's check the definitions:

1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

The sentence talks about "developing the rare cancer". This is a disease sense. Sense 1 defines the medical condition. The other senses are astrological or a genus. Therefore, the correct sense is 1.

I'll output the number.

provider: DeepInfra


[User]
Which numbered sense of "make" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Senses:
1. definition=engage in | examples=make love, not war
2. definition=give certain properties to something | examples=get someone mad
3. definition=make or cause to be or to become | examples=make a mess in one's office
4. definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR
5. definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | examples=cause a commotion
6. definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell
7. definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | examples=I draw a line here
8. definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!
9. definition=create by artistic means | examples=create a poem
10. definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?
11. definition=create or design, often in a certain way | examples=Do my room in blue
12. definition=to compose or represent: | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting
13. definition=reach a goal, e.g., | examples=make the first team
14. definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host
15. definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress
16. definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision
17. definition=make by combining materials and parts | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw
18. definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine
19. definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends
20. definition=charge with a function; charge to be | examples=She was named Head of the Committee
21. definition=achieve a point or goal | examples=Nicklaus had a 70
22. definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | examples=We hit Detroit by noon
23. definition=institute, enact, or establish | examples=make laws
24. definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake
25. definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. definition=organize or be responsible for | examples=hold a reception
27. definition=put in order or neaten | examples=make the bed
28. definition=head into a specified direction | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills
29. definition=have a bowel movement | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end
36. definition=proceed along a path | examples=work one's way through the crowd
37. definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | examples=Cook me dinner, please
40. definition=induce to have sex | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally
41. definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | examples=She makes like an actress
43. definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. definition=eliminate urine | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'make' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: 'It <t>made</t> our New Year,' says Mr. Quinlan.

Senses: [list of 49 senses]"

We need to interpret the phrase "made our New Year". This is an idiomatic expression meaning something like "It made our New Year special/complete/wonderful", i.e., it caused our New Year to be enjoyable or a success. It's similar to "make my day" or "make someone's day/year". Look at the senses: number 45 is "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day". That fits perfectly. "It made our New Year" implies it caused our New Year to be enjoyable/pleasurable. It's exactly like "make my day". So the answer is 45.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'say' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "It made our New Year," <t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan.

We need to identify the sense of "says" here. The word is used in the context of quoting someone. "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan. This is a typical journalistic or narrative way to attribute a direct quote. The meaning is essentially "to express in words" (sense 1) or "to utter aloud" (sense 8)? Let's check the definitions.

Sense 1: definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her. (This is indirect speech.)
Sense 8: definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office. (Direct speech, literal uttering.)

The sentence has a direct quote: "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan. This is "utter aloud" or simply "express in words". But let's see if there's a better match. Often in dictionaries, when "say" is used with a direct quote, it falls under the primary sense of "express in words". But note that sense 1 example uses indirect speech ("He said that..."). Sense 8 explicitly mentions uttering aloud with a direct quote example ("She said 'Hello'..."). The sentence similarly has a direct quote. However, "says" after a quote is a standard reporting verb. Also sense 11 "indicate" doesn't fit. Sense 4 "have or contain a certain wording or form" might fit things like "The sign says...". But here it's a person: Mr. Quinlan. So it's definitely a person speaking.

I'd lean towards sense 1 as the general "express in words", or sense 8 as "utter aloud". Typically, in such sense inventories for WordNet or similar, "say" with direct speech is sense 1. Actually, let's check definitions. WordNet has multiple senses. Sense 1: "express in words" (He said that he wanted to marry her; state, say, tell). Sense 2: "report or maintain" (allege, aver, say). Sense 3: "express a supposition" (suppose, say). Sense 4: "have or contain a certain wording or form" (read, say). Sense 5: "give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority" (order, tell, enjoin, say). Sense 6: "speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way" (pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate, say). Sense 7: "communicate or express nonverbally" (say). Sense 8: "utter aloud" (say). Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" (say, state, tell). Sense 10: "recite or repeat a fixed text" (say). Sense 11: "indicate" (say).

Our sentence: "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan. This is directly quoting what Mr. Quinlan said. It means "Mr. Quinlan says, 'It made our New Year.'" It is expressing something in words. Is it "utter aloud"? Yes, he uttered it aloud. But is there a difference between "express in words" and "utter aloud"? In WordNet, sense 1 is the most general sense. Sense 8 is specifically "utter aloud". Often, direct speech attribution is sense 8 because "She said 'Hello'" is given as an example for sense 8. The example for sense 8 is "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office." That perfectly matches the pattern: a direct quote followed by "she said". Here we have a direct quote followed by "says Mr. Quinlan". So sense 8 seems intended.

Let's double-check: Sense 1 example is indirect: "He said that he wanted to marry her". Sense 8 example is direct: "She said 'Hello'...". The sentence is direct speech: "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan. This matches sense 8 perfectly.

Thus, the answer is 8.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. definition=serving to set in motion | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue
4. definition=serving to begin | examples=the beginning canto of the poem
5. definition=ranking above all others | examples=was first in her class
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

We need to identify which numbered sense of "first" (1-6) is being used. Only return the number.

Let's analyze the sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer." The word "first" here means that the test was the earliest or the initial one to achieve this predictive capability. It's about being the initial one in a sequence of tests that have this ability. It indicates the beginning unit in a series of such tests. So sense 2 seems appropriate: "indicating the beginning unit in a series". Sense 1 is "preceding all others in time or space or degree", which also could apply, but sense 2 is more specific to "the beginning unit in a series". Let's check the examples given: sense 1 example: "the first house on the right" (spatial). sense 2 example: none given? Actually, sense 2 just says "definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series". That fits "the first to predict" because it's the first in a series of tests that predict. Sense 5: "ranking above all others" implies superiority, but "first" here means earliest, not necessarily best. So sense 2.

But we must be careful: In many dictionaries, "first" as in "the first to do something" is often sense 1 (preceding all others in time). Sense 2 might be "indicating the beginning unit in a series" which is similar but often used for ordinal numbers like "the first chapter". Both are close. Let's look at the exact wording: "preceding all others in time or space or degree" - "the first to predict" is about time: preceding all others in time. So sense 1 fits. Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - the test is the beginning unit in a series of tests that predict. Which one is more standard? Often, "the first to do something" is listed under the sense "before all others in time, order, rank, etc." The provided senses are distinct. Let's see if there is any nuance: Sense 1 includes "time", "the first house on the right" is space. "first to predict" is time. Sense 2 could be "first base", "first chapter", etc. The phrase "was the first to predict" indicates it was the earliest test to do so. That's time. I think sense 1 is the best match.

Wait, the sentence is "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer." It means no other test before this one could predict reliably. That's "preceding all others in time". Sense 2 is "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - this could also be interpreted as the first in a series of tests that have this property, but the emphasis is on time (it was the first ever to do it). Often dictionaries have a sense like "earliest in time or order" combined. But here they are split. Let's examine the definitions:

1. preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right
2. indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. serving to set in motion | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue
4. serving to begin | examples=the beginning canto of the poem
5. ranking above all others | examples=was first in her class
6. highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano

Sense 3 and 4 are more about "inaugural" or "beginning" as in the first part of something. Sense 1 specifically says "preceding all others in time". "This test was the first to predict" means it preceded all other tests in time. That is a perfect match for sense 1. Sense 2 is "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - a series implies a sequence of similar things, like chapters. While one could argue it's the first in a series of predictive tests, the phrase "the first to predict" is a common construction meaning "the earliest to predict". I'd go with 1.

Let's double-check: "the first house on the right" is spatial, "first in her class" is ranking (sense 5). The example for sense 1 includes spatial, but the definition includes time. So time fits. I'll answer 1.

provider: Fireworks


[User]
Which numbered sense of "individual" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a single organism

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'individual' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer."

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a single organism

We need to choose the sense that matches the use in the sentence. "Individual" here refers to a person, a human being. The test predicts whether a person could develop cancer. So sense 1, "a human being", is appropriate. Sense 2, "a single organism", is broader and could apply to any organism, but in this context about cancer, it's clearly a human being. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "expect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=regard something as probable or likely | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time
3. definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives
4. definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. definition=be pregnant with | examples=She is bearing his child

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which sense of "expect" is used in the sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

Let's analyze the sentence. The test predicts whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Here, "expect" means to regard something as probable or likely. The individual is looking forward to (in the sense of anticipating, not necessarily with pleasure) the probable occurrence of developing cancer. Actually, "expect to develop cancer" means they are likely to develop cancer. It's about probability.

Let's look at the senses:
1. regard something as probable or likely (examples: The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow)
2. consider obligatory; request and expect
3. look forward to the probable occurrence of (examples: We were expecting a visit from our relatives)
4. consider reasonable or due
5. look forward to the birth of a child
6. be pregnant with

Sense 1 is "regard something as probable or likely". Sense 3 is "look forward to the probable occurrence of". The difference between sense 1 and sense 3 is subtle: sense 1 is about regarding something as probable, sense 3 is about looking forward to it (anticipating its occurrence). In the sentence "could expect to develop cancer", it's not about looking forward to it with anticipation as a future event, but more about the probability of developing cancer. However, "expect to develop cancer" could fit either. Let's read carefully: "expect to develop cancer" means predict that one will develop cancer. Often "expect" meaning "to think that something will happen" is sense 1. Sense 3 says "look forward to the probable occurrence of" which implies anticipation, but not necessarily positive? "We were expecting a visit" is neutral. But sense 1 example: "expecting rain" is also "look forward to". Actually, many dictionaries combine these. But given the options, is "expect to develop cancer" more about probability or occurrence? Sense 1 definition: "regard something as probable or likely". "Expect to develop cancer" means regard it as probable that one will develop cancer. That matches sense 1 perfectly. Sense 3 includes "look forward to", which might have a connotation of waiting for it to happen, but sense 1 is purely about regarding as probable. The sentence is about a test predicting reliably, so it's about probability. The word "expect" here is synonymous with "predict". So sense 1 seems the best fit.

I'll return 1.

provider: GMICloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'develop' is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer."

We need to choose from the list of 21 senses. The sentence uses "develop" in the context of developing cancer, i.e., to start to have a disease. Let's examine the senses:

1. make something new (product/creation) - No.
2. work out - No.
3. gain through experience - "I acquired a strong aversion to television" - No, not disease.
4. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) - Example: "He grew a beard". This is about acquiring a physical feature/attribute. Developing cancer is coming to have a disease, which is a change in physical condition. This seems plausible.
5. come into existence; take on form or shape - Example: "A new religious movement originated..." Not about acquiring a disease.
6. change the use of and make available or usable (develop land) - No.
7. elaborate (theories) - No.
8. create by training and teaching - No.
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest - Example: "The plot developed slowly." Not about acquiring a disease.
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution... - Example: "A flower developed on the branch." Could be used for a tumor developing, but "develop cancer" is more about the person developing the disease.
11. become technologically advanced - No.
12. cause to grow and differentiate... - No.
13. generate gradually (customers) - No.
14. grow emotionally or mature - No.
15. make visible by chemical solutions (film) - No.
16. geometry - No.
17. chess - No.
18. chess - No.
19. music - No.
20. happen - Example: "Report the news as it develops" - No.
21. expand in the form of a series (math) - No.

Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with example "He grew a beard". "Grow a beard" is similar to "develop cancer" in the sense of acquiring/coming to have something (beard/disease). Some might argue sense 10 "grow, progress... A flower developed on the branch" focuses on the thing itself developing, but here the individual develops cancer, meaning the individual comes to have cancer. Sense 4 seems the best fit: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". Cancer is a disease, a physical condition/attribute. So I'll go with 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae"

The sentence talks about predicting whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. This is clearly the medical sense (sense 1). So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "equally" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | examples=they were equally beautiful
2. definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'equally' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

Senses provided:
1. definition=to the same degree (often followed by 'as') | examples=they were equally beautiful
2. definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys

We need to identify which sense corresponds to the usage in the sentence. "Equally important" means "just as important" or "to the same degree important". It does not mean "in equal amounts or shares". The phrase is adverbial, modifying the adjective "important", indicating that this discovery is as important as something else previously mentioned. It matches sense 1: "to the same degree". Sense 2 is about equal division. So the correct sense is 1.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "important" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=of great significance or value | examples=important people
2. definition=important in effect or meaning | examples=a significant change in tax laws
3. definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | examples=a crucial moment in his career
4. definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | examples=an important official
5. definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence and multiple senses of "important", each marked with <t>important</t>. The task is to identify which sense is used in the sentence.

Sentence: "Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

Senses:
1. of great significance or value; examples: important people
2. important in effect or meaning; examples: a significant change in tax laws
3. of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; examples: a crucial moment in his career
4. having authority or ascendancy or influence; examples: an important official
5. having or suggesting a consciousness of high position; examples: recited the decree with an important air

Now, "Equally important" is a phrase that introduces a point that is equally significant or noteworthy. The sense here is "of great significance or value" (sense 1) or maybe "important in effect or meaning" (sense 2). Sense 2 says "important in effect or meaning", with example "a significant change in tax laws". That seems about significance of effect. Sense 1 is "of great significance or value", example "important people". The phrase "equally important" typically means "equally significant". Both senses 1 and 2 could fit. But let's examine nuances: Sense 1 is the primary meaning: having great significance or value. Sense 2 is "important in effect or meaning", a synonym for "significant". The example "a significant change" suggests importance due to its effect. The sentence says the discovery "has opened a field of cancer study, which ... has exploded." That indicates the discovery was significant in its effect. However, "equally important" is often used to emphasize that something is as significant as something previously mentioned. I think both 1 and 2 are plausible, but we need to select the one that best matches. The definitions given: 1 is a basic definition of important. 2 is "important in effect or meaning". The sentence does not explicitly mention effect or meaning; it just states it's important. "Of great significance or value" seems more general. In many word sense disambiguation tasks, sense 1 is typically the most common general importance. But let's check if "equally important" might lean towards sense 2. The phrase "equally important" could be rephrased as "equally significant". Sense 2 literally says "important in effect or meaning". The discovery had an important effect (opened a field). That could fit. However, I need to see if there's any clue that distinguishes them. Consider the example for sense 1: "important people". That implies important in terms of status or significance. For sense 2: "a significant change in tax laws" implies the change had important effects. So sense 2 is specifically about consequential importance. The discovery is important because it led to a field of study that exploded, i.e., it had significant effects. That aligns with sense 2. Sense 1 is broader. Usually, "of great significance or value" could also cover that. I'll think about typical dictionary definitions. Often, the primary sense is just "of great significance or value". An "important discovery" would typically be sense 1. But the phrase "equally important" is used as a discourse connector: "Equally important, ..." meaning "Another point of equal significance is...". In that usage, it's just a standard meaning of important as significant. Which numbered sense is more specific to that? Since the sentence is about a discovery that had an effect, I might lean to 2, but I'm not sure. Let's see the exact phrasing: "important in effect or meaning". That's a typical phrasing for "significant" as a synonym. However, many dictionaries give "important" as "of great significance or value". I'll go with 1? Wait, the task might be from a specific dataset where senses are defined. Without additional context, I need to output the number. The senses are:

1. of great significance or value
2. important in effect or meaning
3. of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
4. having authority or ascendancy or influence
5. having or suggesting a consciousness of high position

Sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery ... has opened a field of cancer study..." Clearly not 3 (not vital to crisis), not 4 (not about authority), not 5 (not about consciousness of high position). So it's between 1 and 2. The phrase "equally important" typically means "equally significant". Both 1 and 2 contain "significance" or "important in effect". I think the most standard sense for an abstract concept being important is sense 1: of great significance or value. Sense 2 seems to be a specific nuance: "important in effect or meaning" perhaps for things that are signs or omens? But the example "a significant change in tax laws" suggests an important change. I think 1 and 2 are very close. Let's see if "important" modifying a fact (the discovery) fits 1 better. "important people" is an example for 1, but that doesn't mean 1 is only for people. It can be for events. I'll search my memory: In the WordNet sense inventory, the first sense for "important" is "of great significance or value" (e.g., "an important discovery"). Sense 2 is "important in effect or meaning" (e.g., "a significant change"). The word "significant" is a near-synonym. The sentence uses "important" after "Equally". Often, "equally important" is a fixed phrase where important means significant. I'd lean towards sense 1 because it's the most general and common. However, "important in effect or meaning" could also be correct. I need to find a clue. The phrase "has opened a field of cancer study" emphasizes the effect, which might align with "important in effect". But I think sense 1 is the default meaning. In many WSD tasks, "important" in such context is sense 1. For example, in the sentence "It is important to note...", that's sense 1. I'll choose 1.

But wait, the sense 2 definition is exactly "important in effect or meaning", which is often used for things like "significant" as in "a significant event". The example "a significant change in tax laws" is about a change having important effects. The discovery had important effects, so it could be 2. Let's see if there's any nuance: sense 1 examples "important people" might indicate important in terms of status or rank, which is not the case. Sense 2 example is "a significant change", which is an event or fact that has consequences. That matches "the initial discovery... has opened a field". I'm leaning toward 2 now. Actually, in the WordNet sense mapping, sense 1 is "important, of import" (of great significance or value), sense 2 is "significant, important" (important in effect or meaning). Many sentences with "important discovery" are tagged as sense 1. For instance, in the SemCor corpus, "important" in "important discovery" is likely sense 1. But "important" in "equally important" as a sentence adverb is often sense 2? Let's think: "Equally important, the discovery..." is a discourse adverbial, meaning "What is also of equal importance is that...". That would be sense 1: of great significance. I think 1 is correct. The fact that it opened a field is the reason it's important, but the word "important" itself describes its significance. I'll go with 1.

To be safe, I'll recall standard WSD conventions. In the Oxford English Dictionary, often the senses are split. Without further info, the safest bet is sense 1 for general importance. I'll answer 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "discovery" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of discovering something
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'discovery' is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

Senses:
1. the act of discovering something
2. something that is discovered
3. a productive insight
4. (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents...

We need to determine which sense matches the usage. "the initial discovery of the gene..." Here, "discovery" refers to the act of discovering the gene? Or the thing that was discovered? The phrase "discovery of the gene" often refers to the event/act of discovering it. But it could also be interpreted as the discovered gene itself. Let's see: "the initial discovery of the gene ... has opened a field of cancer study". It says "made by a Boston doctor". That indicates it's the act of discovering. "Discovery" as in the act of finding. Sense 1: the act of discovering something. Sense 2: something that is discovered (the gene itself). Since it says "discovery of the gene" and "made by...", it means the act. So it's sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "control" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=exercise authoritative control or power over | examples=control the budget
2. definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | examples=moderate your alcohol intake
3. definition=handle and cause to function | examples=do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol
4. definition=control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage | examples=She manipulates her boss
5. definition=check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard | examples=Are you controlling for the temperature?
6. definition=verify by using a duplicate register for comparison | examples=control an account
7. definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | examples=He verified that the valves were closed
8. definition=have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of | examples=Do you control these data?

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'control' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

We need to choose among the 8 senses.

The word "controls" here is used in a biological context: a gene that controls retinal cell growth. It means the gene regulates or determines the growth of retinal cells.

Now let's look at the senses:

1. exercise authoritative control or power over (e.g., control the budget)
2. lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits (e.g., moderate your alcohol intake)
3. handle and cause to function (e.g., operate machinery)
4. control or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage (manipulate)
5. check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard (control for temperature)
6. verify by using a duplicate register for comparison (control an account)
7. be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something (verify)
8. have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of (control these data)

Which one fits "controls retinal cell growth"? The gene doesn't exercise authoritative power (1), lessen intensity (2), handle machinery (3), manipulate skillfully (4), check with an experiment (5), verify accounts (6), ensure something (7), or have understanding (8). The correct sense is missing? Wait, the list of senses seems incomplete. The verb "control" in a biological context often means "regulate" or "direct the function of". But none of the given senses directly say "regulate" in a biological sense. Let's re-examine the senses carefully.

Sense 1: "exercise authoritative control or power over" - could be a metaphor? A gene "controls" growth might be interpreted as exercising power over it. But that's usually for people or organizations.

Sense 5: "check or regulate (a scientific experiment)..." The phrase "regulate" appears here, but it's specific to scientific experiments, controlling for variables. A gene regulating cell growth is a natural process, not a scientific experiment with a parallel experiment.

Perhaps there's a sense missing, but we must choose from the given ones. Let's see if any other sense approximates it. Sense 2: "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint" - control cell growth might mean keep it within limits. That seems plausible: genes often control growth by limiting it or regulating it. But is it specifically "lessen the intensity"? "Hold or keep within limits" fits the idea of regulation. Many genes control cell growth by keeping it in check; uncontrolled growth leads to cancer. The context mentions "cancer study". So "controls retinal cell growth" probably means the gene regulates (keeps within limits) cell growth. If the gene is defective, it might lead to uncontrolled growth (cancer). Thus sense 2, "hold or keep within limits", could be appropriate.

But is there a better match? Sense 8: "have a firm understanding or knowledge of" - no. Sense 3: operate. Sense 4: manipulate. Sense 5: check or regulate (a scientific experiment). Sense 5 is specifically about controlling an experiment by using a standard. That's a different usage.

Let's analyze the precise phrasing: "initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study". In biology, a gene that "controls" cell growth means it regulates it, possibly by promoting or inhibiting. It doesn't necessarily mean lessening intensity; it could mean it's the master switch. But "hold within limits" is a common meaning when we talk about genes that control growth, to prevent cancer. I think sense 2 is the closest because it includes "hold or keep within limits", which is essentially what a regulatory gene does. However, it might also be sense 1: "exercise authoritative control or power over". In biology, genes are often personified as "controlling" processes. Which sense would WordNet or similar dictionaries list for this biological context? Typically, the "control" in "gene controls growth" is listed under a sense like "regulate or preside over". Let me check common dictionary senses.

Oxford English Dictionary:
1. to order, limit, or rule something, or someone's actions or behaviour.
2. to limit the growth, spread, or increase of something.
...
In biology, "control" might mean "regulate" or "determine the behaviour of". Often it's a metaphorical extension of "exercise authoritative control".

Let's look at the given sense 2: "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits". The examples: "moderate your alcohol intake". That is about self-restraint or reducing intensity. "Control retinal cell growth" could mean "regulate" which includes both promotion and inhibition, but in cancer context, it's often about suppression. However, not necessarily. A gene that controls growth could be an oncogene that promotes growth. The sentence says discovery of this gene opened a field of cancer study. It could be the retinoblastoma gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene that controls cell growth by restraining it. Actually, the first tumor suppressor gene discovered was the retinoblastoma (RB) gene, discovered by Thaddeus Dryja? Let's check: Thaddeus Dryja is known for the discovery of the retinoblastoma gene. Indeed, Dr. Thaddeus P. Dryja is a molecular geneticist who identified the retinoblastoma gene. The retinoblastoma gene controls retinal cell growth by inhibiting excessive cell division; it's a tumor suppressor. So it "controls" in the sense of restraining or keeping within limits. So sense 2 fits perfectly: "hold or keep within limits".

Sense 2 specifically says "hold or keep within limits". That's exactly what a tumor suppressor gene does: it controls cell growth by holding it in check.

Therefore, the correct sense is 2.

I'll answer: 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cell' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

Senses given:
1. any small compartment (e.g., cells of a honeycomb)
2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. a hand-held mobile radiotelephone...
6. small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. a room where a prisoner lives

The word in the sentence is "retinal cell growth". "Retinal" refers to the retina, a part of the eye. "Cell" here is clearly a biological cell. So the sense is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | examples=the increase in unemployment
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'growth' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

Senses:
1. (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
2. a progression from simpler to more complex forms
3. a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important
4. vegetation that has grown
5. the gradual beginning or coming forth
6. (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. something grown or growing

We need to determine which sense fits "retinal cell growth". Retinal cell growth refers to the biological process of cells growing, dividing, increasing in size or number. It's a normal biological process. The context is "gene that controls retinal cell growth". This is about normal cell proliferation, not abnormal (pathology) like a tumor. So sense 6 is about abnormal proliferation, which is not the case here; it's normal growth. Sense 1 is about an organism growing organically from simple to complex, which could apply to an organism but here it's "cell growth", so it's the process of cells becoming larger or more numerous. Sense 1 says "the process of an individual organism growing organically", not specifically cells. Sense 3 says "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" - that's very broad. But sense 1 specifies "biology" and "organism", which might not perfectly fit "cell growth". Often, "cell growth" in biology refers to the increase in cell size or number. Let's see if any sense is specifically for cells. Sense 3 is general increase. Sense 1 is organismal growth. Sense 6 is abnormal. In typical dictionary definitions, "growth" in "cell growth" usually corresponds to the biological process of growth at the cellular level, which is encompassed by sense 1 or sense 3. However, sense 1 explicitly says "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level". It mentions "organism", not cell. But sometimes "growth" in biology can be applied to cells as part of organismal growth. Could it be sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important"? Retinal cells growing in number or size. I need to pick the most precise.

Let's examine the word "growth" in context: "gene that controls retinal cell growth". This is clearly a biological context, but it's specifically about cells. In biology, cell growth is the increase in the total mass of a cell, or increase in number. Usually, the definition for biological growth (sense 1) is about organisms, but it might be extended to cells. However, sense 3 is very generic and could apply. Sense 6 is pathological, so not that. Sense 2 is about progression from simpler to complex forms, like growth of culture. Sense 4 is vegetation. Sense 5 is emergence. Sense 7 is something grown. So between 1 and 3. Usually, in WordNet-style senses (which these look like), sense 1 for "growth" is the biological process of an organism growing. Sense 3 is the general process of increase. "Cell growth" is a biological increase in size or number. In many dictionary contexts, "growth" as in "cell growth" falls under the general "increase" sense, but there might be a specific biological sense. Let's check typical WordNet senses for "growth":

WordNet:
- S: (n) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level) => This matches sense 1.
- S: (n) growth (a progression from simpler to more complex forms) => sense 2.
- S: (n) increase, increment, growth (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important) => sense 3.
- S: (n) growth (vegetation that has grown) => sense 4.
- S: (n) emergence, outgrowth, growth (the gradual beginning or coming forth) => sense 5.
- S: (n) growth ((pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)) => sense 6.
- S: (n) growth (something grown or growing) => sense 7.

"retinal cell growth": in biology, "cell growth" is a process of cells increasing in size or number. It is part of the organism's growth, but it's specifically at the cellular level. Does it fall under sense 1? Sense 1 says "the process of an individual organism growing organically". "Cell growth" is a component of that, but the gene controls the growth of cells, not the entire organism directly. However, in biological contexts, "growth" of cells is often considered under the same biological sense. Alternatively, sense 3 is "a process of becoming larger or more numerous", which perfectly fits cells growing (increasing in number via proliferation, or increasing in size). In many dictionaries, "cell growth" is defined as an increase in cell size or number, which is exactly sense 3. But sense 1 is specifically tagged "(biology)" and mentions organism. I think "retinal cell growth" is a biological process of increase, so it could be sense 3, but the fact that it's a biological context might lead to sense 1. Let's see if there's any clue. "retinal cell growth" is a normal biological process, not a pathology (sense 6). The phrase "opened a field of cancer study" suggests that the gene's normal function in controlling cell growth is relevant to cancer when it goes awry. Cancer involves abnormal proliferation (sense 6), but the gene controls normal "retinal cell growth", so the word "growth" here refers to normal cell proliferation. That is often considered the biological increase sense. In WordNet, the first sense (organism growth) might be too specific to whole organisms. But "retinal cell" is part of an organism, and cell growth is a biological process. I recall that in WordNet assignments, often "cell growth" is tagged as sense 1 because it's a biological process of growth, even though it says "organism". However, I need to be precise. There is an example in sense 1: "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" - that's bone development. "osseous development" is growth of bone. So bone growth in children is sense 1. Similarly, cell growth in retina could be considered sense 1. But note: "cell growth" is not necessarily the unfolding of an organism from simple to complex; it's the increase in number/size of cells. That might be sense 3. Let's see typical usage: In biology, "growth" can refer to cell division and enlargement. When referring to an organism, sense 1 is used. When just referring to an increase in size/number, sense 3. Since "cell" is not an organism, it might be sense 3. But "osseous development" is also a process in an organism. "retinal cell growth" is a process in an organism. I lean towards sense 1 because it's a biological process. However, I've seen WordNet-based exercises where "growth" in "cell growth" is considered sense 3 because cells aren't organisms. Let me think: in the sentence, the gene controls retinal cell growth. Retinal cells are cells within an organism; their growth is part of the organism's biological development. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "biology" and "individual organism". The retina is part of an organism. So the growth of retinal cells is a biological process contributing to the organism's development. That fits sense 1.

But wait, sense 1 says "the process of an individual organism growing organically". It doesn't say "cells". However, it's understood that organism growth includes cell growth. The example "osseous development in children" is a specific type of growth in an organism. Retinal cell growth is another specific type. So I think sense 1 is the intended answer.

Let me double-check: sometimes "growth" in the context of cells can be sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous". Example: "the increase in unemployment" is just numerical increase. Cell growth is a biological increase. Both are possible. But because it's in a biological/medical context, and the gene controls it, it's a biological process. Sense 1 is specifically marked as (biology). So it's almost certainly sense 1.

I'll answer 1.

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