[User]
Which numbered sense of "lead" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could <t>lead</t> to the eruption of a cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=take somebody somewhere | examples=We lead him to our chief
2. definition=have as a result or residue | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress
3. definition=tend to or result in | examples=This remark lead to further arguments among the guests
4. definition=travel in front of; go in advance of others | examples=The procession was headed by John
5. definition=cause to undertake a certain action | examples=Her greed led her to forge the checks
6. definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury
7. definition=be in charge of | examples=Who is heading this project?
8. definition=be ahead of others; be the first | examples=she topped her class every year
9. definition=be conducive to | examples=The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing
10. definition=lead, as in the performance of a composition | examples=conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years
11. definition=lead, extend, or afford access | examples=This door goes to the basement
12. definition=move ahead (of others) in time or space
13. definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
14. definition=preside over | examples=John moderated the discussion

reasoning_content:
We need to identify which sense of "lead" (as used in the sentence) matches the given definitions. The sentence: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer." Here, "lead to" means "result in" or "cause". Let's look at the senses:

1. take somebody somewhere
2. have as a result or residue (examples: The water left a mark...)
3. tend to or result in (examples: This remark lead to further arguments...)
4. travel in front of; go in advance of others
5. cause to undertake a certain action
6. stretch out over a distance...
7. be in charge of
8. be ahead of others; be the first
9. be conducive to (examples: The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing)
10. lead, as in the performance of a composition
11. lead, extend, or afford access
12. move ahead (of others) in time or space
13. cause something to pass or lead somewhere
14. preside over

The phrase "lead to" meaning "result in" matches sense 3: "tend to or result in" with example "This remark lead to further arguments..." It also matches sense 9: "be conducive to" with example "The use of computers... lead to better writing." However, note the fine distinction: sense 3 explicitly says "tend to or result in", and the example uses "lead to". Sense 9 says "be conducive to", which is similar but slightly different. In the context of a scientific finding, "could lead to the eruption of a cancer" means "could result in". I'd lean towards sense 3. But let's check carefully: The list has "lead" as the headword. Sense 2: "have as a result or residue" with example "The water left a mark..." That's a different verb "leave", not "lead". Wait, the senses are for "lead"? The examples for sense 2 say "The water left a mark..." That's confusing. Let's re-read the list: The senses are all under the verb "lead"? Yes, it says "Which numbered sense of 'lead' (marked with <t></t>) is used..." So all these definitions are for "lead". But sense 2 says "have as a result or residue" and example "The water left a mark on the silk dress" - that seems like the verb "leave", not "lead". Possibly a typo? Or they're using a resource like WordNet where "lead" might have a sense "leave"?? That can't be. Let's check: Actually, the verb "lead" has a sense "leave" in some contexts? No, "leave" is a different word. Maybe the list is from a sense inventory that includes multiple words? The prompt says "Which numbered sense of 'lead'". But the definitions might be from a dataset where the headword is "lead" but some senses are actually for other words? Could be an error. But we must work with what's given. The sentence: "could lead to the eruption of a cancer." Meaning: result in. The closest is sense 3: "tend to or result in" with examples "This remark lead to further arguments among the guests". That's exactly the same pattern: X lead to Y. So sense 3 seems correct. Sense 9: "be conducive to" also plausible, but "result in" is more direct. I'll go with 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "eruption" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the <t>eruption</t> of a cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material
2. definition=symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible
3. definition=(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed)
4. definition=a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition) | examples=the outbreak of hostilities
5. definition=a sudden very loud noise
6. definition=the emergence of a tooth as it breaks through the gum

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'eruption' is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the <t>eruption</t> of a cancer."

Senses provided:
1. the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material
2. symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible
3. (of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed)
4. a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition) | examples=the outbreak of hostilities
5. a sudden very loud noise
6. the emergence of a tooth as it breaks through the gum

We need to select the correct sense number. The context is "eruption of a cancer". That means a sudden start or outbreak of a cancerous condition. Sense 4 says: "a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition)" and gives example "the outbreak of hostilities". That perfectly matches the metaphorical use of "eruption" for cancer. Sense 2 is about a symptom breaking out (like a rash), but cancer is not a surface symptom, it's a condition. Sense 4 fits best. So answer is 4.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a <t>cancer</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

The sentence: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a <t>cancer</t>."

Senses given:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

We must choose the correct sense number. In the sentence, "cancer" refers to the disease caused by loss of both copies of a gene leading to a tumor. That matches sense 1: malignant growth or tumor. The other senses are astrology/constellation or a genus. So answer is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "satisfying" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was extraordinarily <t>satisfying</t>, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=providing abundant nourishment | examples=a hearty meal
2. definition=providing freedom from worry

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'satisfying' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "It was extraordinarily <t>satisfying</t>, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=providing abundant nourishment | examples=a hearty meal
2. definition=providing freedom from worry

We must pick the sense that matches the usage. "Satisfying" in the context of a quote from a doctor at a cancer research center: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," likely refers to something emotionally or intellectually fulfilling, not about nourishment. Sense 1 is "providing abundant nourishment" (like a hearty meal). Sense 2 is "providing freedom from worry". That also doesn't seem right. Wait, the senses given are oddly specific. The word "satisfying" usually means giving fulfillment or pleasure. Neither definition perfectly matches typical usage, but we must choose between the two. Could it be a specialized context? Dr. Knudson is a cancer researcher. The sentence might be about a discovery or result being satisfying. But neither "abundant nourishment" nor "freedom from worry" directly fits. However, "providing freedom from worry" could be a metaphorical sense: something satisfying gives peace of mind. But "satisfying" in the sense of "providing freedom from worry" is not a standard dictionary definition. Actually, I recall that sometimes "satisfying" can mean fulfilling emotional needs. Let's check the definitions again: 1. providing abundant nourishment (like a satisfying meal); 2. providing freedom from worry (like a satisfying resolution). Which one aligns with a research context? A scientific breakthrough might be "satisfying" because it resolves a question, thus providing freedom from worry. Alternatively, maybe it's not that. I need to think about the actual quote. The sentence is: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson... I can search my memory: Dr. Knudson is probably Alfred G. Knudson, known for the Knudson hypothesis in cancer genetics (two-hit hypothesis). He might be describing a discovery. The phrase "extraordinarily satisfying" might refer to the confirmation of his hypothesis. I recall that the word "satisfying" is often used for something that explains a mystery, providing intellectual satisfaction, i.e., freedom from doubt/worry. Sense 2: "providing freedom from worry" might be the intended meaning. Without more context, I need to decide which sense is more plausible. Sense 1 is about food/nourishment. Sense 2 is about relief from worry. In a cancer research context, a satisfying result could relieve worry about a hypothesis. But wait: could "satisfying" mean "satisfying hunger" metaphorically? Usually "satisfying curiosity" is like nourishment for the mind, but sense 1 says "providing abundant nourishment" with example "a hearty meal", which is literal food. Sense 2 says "providing freedom from worry", which is a different concept. I suspect the correct sense is 2, as "satisfying" can mean giving contentment by removing doubt or worry. However, I am not entirely sure. Let's think if there's any other interpretation. The instruction says "Return only the number of the correct sense." I'll go with sense 2.

provider: Fireworks


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "<t>says</t> Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
We need to identify which sense of "say" from the list is used in the sentence: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," <t>says</t> Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

The word "says" here is used to report what someone said. Dr. Knudson is expressing something in words, specifically a quote: "It was extraordinarily satisfying."

Let's look at the senses provided:

1. express in words | He said that he wanted to marry her
2. report or maintain | He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. express a supposition | Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. have or contain a certain wording or form | The passage reads as follows
5. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | I said to him to go home
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. communicate or express nonverbally | What does this painting say?
8. utter aloud | She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | I say let's forget this whole business
10. recite or repeat a fixed text | Say grace
11. indicate | The clock says noon

The sentence quotes someone's speech: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson. This is a common journalistic or narrative way to attribute a direct quote to a speaker. It means Dr. Knudson "said" those words. The closest sense is 1: "express in words," with the example "He said that he wanted to marry her" (though that's indirect, but it's the general sense of expressing in words). Also sense 8 is "utter aloud" with an example of a direct quote: "She said `Hello' to everyone." But in the given sentence, the verb "says" is used with the subject after the quote, which is typical for reporting speech. Both 1 and 8 might fit, but let's check nuances.

Sense 1: "express in words" - example "He said that he wanted to marry her" (indirect speech).
Sense 8: "utter aloud" - example "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office" (direct speech, using quotes).

In the sentence, the quote is directly given: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson. That's direct speech. But the example for sense 1 uses indirect speech ("He said that..."). Sense 8 explicitly mentions direct quotation: "She said `Hello'...". Often dictionaries distinguish between "say" introducing direct speech vs. indirect speech, but both fall under "express in words" or "utter". However, the provided senses are from some dictionary (likely WordNet). Let's check typical WordNet senses for "say".

WordNet senses for "say" (verb):
1. express in words (He said that he wanted to marry her)
2. report or maintain (He alleged that he was the victim of a crime)
3. express a supposition (Let us say that he did not tell the truth)
4. have or contain a certain wording or form (The passage reads as follows)
5. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (I said to him to go home)
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (She pronounces French words in a funny way)
7. communicate or express nonverbally (What does this painting say?)
8. utter aloud (She said `Hello' to everyone in the office)
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare (I say let's forget this whole business)
10. recite or repeat a fixed text (Say grace)
11. indicate (The clock says noon)

In WordNet, sense 1 is "express in words" (the general sense). Sense 8 is "utter aloud" (often used for direct quotes). The sentence uses "says" with a direct quote. However, the example for sense 1 is indirect, but the definition "express in words" covers both. Sense 8 "utter aloud" is specifically for producing sounds. Often in WordNet, the sense for direct quotation is sense 8. Let me verify: In WordNet, "She said `Hello'..." is an example for sense 8. The sentence "It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson, is exactly that pattern: direct quote, then "says" + speaker. So it aligns with sense 8.

But could it be sense 1? The definition "express in words" is broader. Usually, context like "says" after a quote is considered sense 8 in WordNet. I'll check a known WordNet mapping. For "He said 'Hello'", it's sense 8. For "He said that he was tired", it's sense 1. Given the punctuation and direct quote, it's likely sense 8.

Let's confirm: The sentence has quotation marks around the spoken words. The example for sense 8 is: "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office" – also direct quotation. Sense 1 example: "He said that he wanted to marry her" – indirect. So the correct sense is 8.

Answer: 8.

provider: NextBit


[User]
Which numbered sense of "now" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, <t>now</t> at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard
2. definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished
3. definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!
4. definition=at the present moment | examples=goods now on sale
5. definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | examples=he answered immediately
6. definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'now' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, <t>now</t> at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

We need to select the sense number from the given list.

Let's analyze the sentence. Dr. Knudson says something, and the text adds that he is "now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center". This is a typical journalistic or narrative use: the main verb "says" is present tense, but the quote is about a past event ("It was extraordinarily satisfying"). The "now" describes Dr. Knudson's current position at the time of the writing/speaking. So "now" means "at the present moment" relative to the time of narration. It indicates his current affiliation.

Let's look at the senses:
1. in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events -> Example: "President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard." This is used in narratives about the past, using present tense to describe past events. Not exactly the case here. The sentence says "says Dr. Knudson, now at...". This "now" is not part of a historical present narration of past events; it's giving current information.
2. in these times; nowadays -> Example: "it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished". This is "nowadays". Our "now" might be similar but it's specifically about his current location, not a general "these times".
3. used to preface a command or reproof or request -> "now hear this!" Not applicable.
4. at the present moment -> "goods now on sale". This fits: "now at Fox Chase" = currently at Fox Chase.
5. without delay or hesitation -> "he answered immediately". Not applicable.
6. (prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity -> "Now the next problem is..." Not applicable.
7. in the immediate past -> "told me just now". Not applicable.

The most straightforward sense is 4: at the present moment. The "now" indicates his present location/affiliation.

Thus the answer is 4.

provider: Alibaba


[User]
Which numbered sense of "true" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "I was convinced that what was <t>true</t> of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "

Senses:
1. definition=consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell | examples=the story is true
2. definition=accurately placed or thrown | examples=his aim was true
3. definition=devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth | examples=true believers bonded together against all who disagreed with them
4. definition=expressing or given to expressing the truth | examples=a true statement
5. definition=conforming to definitive criteria | examples=the horseshoe crab is not a true crab
6. definition=worthy of being depended on | examples=a dependable worker
7. definition=not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | examples=genuine emotion
8. definition=rightly so called | examples=true courage
9. definition=determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles | examples=true north is geographic north
10. definition=having a legally established claim | examples=the legitimate heir
11. definition=in tune; accurate in pitch | examples=a true note
12. definition=accurately fitted; level | examples=the window frame isn't quite true

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'true' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "I was convinced that what was <t>true</t> of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."

Senses given: 1 through 12.

We need to identify the sense of "true" in the sentence. The sentence says: "what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers." Meaning: whatever facts/realities apply to retinoblastoma would also apply to all cancers. "True of" means "consistent with fact or reality; not false" about something. So sense 1: "consistent with fact or reality; not false". The example "the story is true" matches. There is no sense of "devoted", "accurately placed", "conforming to definitive criteria", etc. Sense 1 is the most general and fits. The phrase "true of" is a standard use meaning "valid or applicable to". This corresponds to sense 1.

I'll output: 1

provider: GMICloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "true" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be <t>true</t> for all cancers. "

Senses:
1. definition=consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell | examples=the story is true
2. definition=accurately placed or thrown | examples=his aim was true
3. definition=devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth | examples=true believers bonded together against all who disagreed with them
4. definition=expressing or given to expressing the truth | examples=a true statement
5. definition=conforming to definitive criteria | examples=the horseshoe crab is not a true crab
6. definition=worthy of being depended on | examples=a dependable worker
7. definition=not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | examples=genuine emotion
8. definition=rightly so called | examples=true courage
9. definition=determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles | examples=true north is geographic north
10. definition=having a legally established claim | examples=the legitimate heir
11. definition=in tune; accurate in pitch | examples=a true note
12. definition=accurately fitted; level | examples=the window frame isn't quite true

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'true' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be <t>true</t> for all cancers."

We have 12 senses. We need to identify which one matches "true" in this context.

The phrase "what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers" means that a fact, characteristic, or statement that applies to retinoblastoma would also apply to all cancers. This is about something being consistent with fact or reality, not false. It is the most common sense: something that is accurate, factual. Look at sense 1: "consistent with fact or reality; not false". That perfectly matches. The example "the story is true" matches that idea.

Let's double-check other senses to be sure. Sense 2: accurately placed or thrown (e.g., aim). Not relevant. Sense 3: devoted to a cause (true believers). Not relevant. Sense 4: expressing truth (a true statement). This is similar but sense 1 is more fundamental (the property of being factual). Here "what was true of retinoblastoma" means "what was factually correct about retinoblastoma". Sense 1 fits better. Sense 5: conforming to definitive criteria (true crab). Not relevant. Sense 6: dependable. Not relevant. Sense 7: sincere. Not relevant. Sense 8: rightly so called. Not relevant. Others are not relevant.

So the correct sense is 1.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all <t>cancers</t>. "

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all <t>cancers</t>."

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

The sentence talks about retinoblastoma, which is a type of cancer (malignant tumor of the retina). So it's clearly the medical sense. Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

Output should be just the number: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "audacious" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was an <t>audacious</t> claim.

Senses:
1. definition=invulnerable to fear or intimidation | examples=audacious explorers
2. definition=unrestrained by convention or propriety; ; ; - Los Angeles Times; ; ; - Bertrand Russell | examples=an audacious trick to pull
3. definition=disposed to venture or take risks | examples=audacious visions of the total conquest of space

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'audacious' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was an <t>audacious</t> claim.

Senses:
1. definition=invulnerable to fear or intimidation | examples=audacious explorers
2. definition=unrestrained by convention or propriety; ; ; - Los Angeles Times; ; ; - Bertrand Russell | examples=an audacious trick to pull
3. definition=disposed to venture or take risks | examples=audacious visions of the total conquest of space"

We need to determine which sense best fits "audacious claim".

- Sense 1: "invulnerable to fear or intimidation" – typically for people (explorers). A claim can't be invulnerable to fear. So no.
- Sense 2: "unrestrained by convention or propriety" – An audacious trick to pull is one that is bold, unconventional, perhaps cheeky. An audacious claim could be one that is bold and goes against convention or propriety. "Audacious claim" often means a bold, daring, perhaps shocking or unconventional assertion. This seems plausible.
- Sense 3: "disposed to venture or take risks" – This is similar, but "disposed to" indicates a characteristic of a person or entity willing to take risks. Audacious visions are risk-taking visions. A claim itself isn't disposed to take risks; the person making it is. But "audacious claim" can mean a claim that involves risk, like a risky statement that might be false and have consequences. Usually, when describing a statement, "audacious" means it's bold, impudent, or daring, often with a sense of overstepping boundaries. That aligns more with sense 2 (unrestrained by convention or propriety). Many dictionaries list "audacious" for statements as "showing an impudent lack of respect" or "bold".

Let's check typical usage: "an audacious claim" – a claim that is shockingly bold, perhaps not restrained by convention. For example, a claim that goes against accepted norms. Sense 2 explicitly says "unrestrained by convention or propriety". The example "an audacious trick to pull" is a trick that is daring and socially bold. So "an audacious claim" fits that. Sense 1 is about fearlessness. Sense 3 is about risk-taking, which is close, but "disposed to venture" is a personality trait. "Audacious claim" is more about the claim's nature (bold, unconventional) rather than it being disposed to venture.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best match.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "claim" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was an audacious <t>claim</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent
3. definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. definition=an informal right to something | examples=his claim on her attentions
5. definition=an established or recognized right | examples=a strong legal claim to the property
6. definition=a demand especially in the phrase | examples=the call of duty

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'claim' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was an audacious <t>claim</t>.

Senses:
1. an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent
3. demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. an informal right to something | examples=his claim on her attentions
5. an established or recognized right | examples=a strong legal claim to the property
6. a demand especially in the phrase | examples=the call of duty"

We need to choose the sense that matches "It was an audacious claim." The word "audacious" means bold, daring, impudent. An "audacious claim" typically refers to a bold assertion that something is true. It's not about demanding a right or property; it's about making a statement that is bold. So sense 2: "an assertion that something is true or factual". The example "his claim that he was innocent" matches this usage. Therefore, the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "young" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a <t>young</t> molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | examples=young people
2. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
3. definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | examples=he is young for his age
4. definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry
5. definition=not tried or tested by experience | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'young' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a <t>young</t> molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."

The senses provided:
1. (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | examples=young people
2. (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
3. suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | examples=he is young for his age
4. being in its early stage | examples=a young industry
5. not tried or tested by experience | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers

We need to apply the sense of "young" as used to describe Dr. Vogelstein, a molecular biologist. The phrase is "a young molecular biologist". This refers to a person who is in an early period of life or development. So sense 1 is appropriate.
Sense 3 is about being suggestive of youth, vigorous and fresh. While a young biologist could be vigorous, the primary literal meaning here is age-related. The context is straightforward: he is a young person in the field.
Sense 4 is for things like "a young industry", not persons.
Sense 5 is about lacking experience, which might be implied, but the primary sense is age. Usually such questions look for the most direct dictionary sense. Sense 1 explicitly says "used of living things especially persons" and "in an early period of life". This fits perfectly.
Thus, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "believe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, <t>believed</t> Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'believe' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, <t>believed</t> Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

We need to pick the sense number that matches how "believed" is used in the sentence: "Dr. Vogelstein ... believed Dr. Knudson was right". This means he accepted that Dr. Knudson's statement or hypothesis was true. So sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true". Sense 3 is "be confident about something", example: "I believe that he will come back". The sentence is "believed Dr. Knudson was right". That's accepting as true a statement that Dr. Knudson was right, which is similar to accepting a report or statement as true. Sense 1 fits best. Sense 2 is "judge or regard", which is more like "I think he is very smart" (opinion). But here it's about accepting a claim. Sense 3 is confidence, could be similar but the primary sense is accepting as true. Usually in such word sense disambiguation, "believe that..." meaning "accept the truth of" is sense 1. Let's check: Definitions: 1. accept as true; take to be true (I believed his report) vs 3. be confident about something (I believe that he will come back). "Believed Dr. Knudson was right" is like accepting the truth of the proposition "Dr. Knudson was right". The example "I believed his report" matches accepting a report as true. This is the classic factive belief. So I'll choose 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "right" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was <t>right</t>, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north | examples=my right hand
2. definition=free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth | examples=the correct answer
3. definition=socially right or correct | examples=it isn't right to leave the party without saying goodbye
4. definition=in conformance with justice or law or morality | examples=do the right thing and confess
5. definition=correct in opinion or judgment | examples=time proved him right
6. definition=appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs | examples=everything in its proper place
7. definition=of or belonging to the political or intellectual right
8. definition=in or into a satisfactory condition | examples=things are right again now
9. definition=intended for the right hand | examples=a right-hand glove
10. definition=in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure | examples=what's the right word for this?
11. definition=having the axis perpendicular to the base | examples=a right angle
12. definition=(of the side of cloth or clothing) facing or intended to face outward | examples=the right side of the cloth showed the pattern
13. definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes
14. definition=precisely accurate | examples=a veracious account

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'right' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was <t>right</t>, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north
2. free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth
3. socially right or correct
4. in conformance with justice or law or morality
5. correct in opinion or judgment
6. appropriate for a condition or purpose ...
7. of or belonging to the political or intellectual right
8. in or into a satisfactory condition
9. intended for the right hand
10. in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure
11. having the axis perpendicular to the base
12. (of the side of cloth or clothing) facing or intended to face outward
13. most suitable or right for a particular purpose
14. precisely accurate

We need to choose which sense fits "Dr. Knudson was right". The sentence says Dr. Vogelstein believed Dr. Knudson was right. This means Dr. Knudson's opinion or judgment was correct. Sense 5 says "correct in opinion or judgment" with example "time proved him right". That matches perfectly. Sense 2 is "free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth" with example "the correct answer". That could also fit, but "right" about a person (him right) is typically "correct in opinion or judgment". Sense 5 explicitly covers that. Let's compare: Sense 2 is about things being correct (answers, facts). Sense 5 is about a person being correct in their opinion. In the sentence, "Dr. Knudson was right" means his belief or hypothesis was correct. Both 2 and 5 are close, but 5 is specifically "correct in opinion or judgment". I'll go with 5.

Check: The example for 2 is "the correct answer", an object. For 5, "time proved him right", a person. The sentence says "believed Dr. Knudson was right". So 5.

provider: WandB


[User]
Which numbered sense of "set_out" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and <t>set out</t> to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | examples=We began working at dawn
2. definition=lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line | examples=lay out the clothes
3. definition=leave | examples=The family took off for Florida

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence with the word "set out" highlighted. We need to determine which numbered sense applies. The senses are:

1. take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
2. lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line
3. leave

The sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."

"Set out" here means to begin or start an endeavor with a particular aim. He set out to repeat the experiment. That matches sense 1: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action. So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "repeat" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to <t>repeat</t> the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=to say, state, or perform again | examples=She kept reiterating her request
2. definition=make or do or perform again | examples=He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick
3. definition=happen or occur again | examples=This is a recurring story
4. definition=to say again or imitate | examples=followers echoing the cries of their leaders
5. definition=do over | examples=They would like to take it over again
6. definition=repeat an earlier theme of a composition

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'repeat' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to <t>repeat</t> the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=to say, state, or perform again | examples=She kept reiterating her request
2. definition=make or do or perform again | examples=He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick
3. definition=happen or occur again | examples=This is a recurring story
4. definition=to say again or imitate | examples=followers echoing the cries of their leaders
5. definition=do over | examples=They would like to take it over again
6. definition=repeat an earlier theme of a composition

We need to select the sense that matches "repeat the Cavenee experiment". The sense involves doing an experiment again. It's not about saying or stating again; it's about performing an experiment again. Sense 2 says "make or do or perform again", which fits perfectly. Sense 5 says "do over", also similar, but sense 2 is more precise with "make or do or perform again" and the example "He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick" which is about performing an action again. Sense 5 "do over" has example "They would like to take it over again", which might be less formal, but both could fit. However, sense 2 explicitly includes "perform again" and uses "replicate", which is a synonym for repeating an experiment. The context is a scientific experiment, so "replicate" is the exact word. In sense 2, the example uses "replicate". So sense 2 is the best fit.

Thus, the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "experiment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee <t>experiment</t> in cells from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
2. definition=the testing of an idea | examples=it was an experiment in living
3. definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'experiment' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee <t>experiment</t> in cells from other cancers."

Senses:
1. definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
2. definition=the testing of an idea | examples=it was an experiment in living
3. definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard

We need to pick which sense fits. The sentence talks about a scientist repeating an experiment in cells from other cancers. This is clearly a scientific context, involving a controlled test or investigation. The Cavenee experiment is likely a famous scientific experiment. So sense 1: "the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation" is the correct one.

Sense 2: "the testing of an idea" could also fit, but it's more general, and the example "it was an experiment in living" suggests a lifestyle test, not a scientific experiment. Sense 3: "a venture at something new or different" is also more about trying something new, like a new approach. In the scientific context, "experiment" refers to a controlled test or investigation. So sense 1 is most precise.

Thus, answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in <t>cells</t> from other cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in <t>cells</t> from other cancers."

We need to determine which sense of "cell" is used. The word is marked with <t>cells</t>. The context is molecular biology, Dr. Vogelstein is a molecular biologist, and the experiment is in cells from other cancers. So the sense is biological: the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. That is sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from <t>other</t> cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "other" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."

The word "other" appears in "<t>other</t>" within the sentence. We have four senses with definitions and examples. We need to output only the number of the correct sense.

Analyzing the sentence: "set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers." Here, "other" modifies "cancers", meaning cancers not previously mentioned or implied? The context: Dr. Knudson was right about something, presumably a cancer-related hypothesis. The Cavenee experiment was likely done on some specific cancer type, and now they want to repeat it in cells from other cancer types, i.e., cancers different from the one(s) already mentioned. This fits sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". The example "today isn't any other day" seems a bit odd, but the definition matches. Sense 2: "recently past" (the other evening) - not applicable. Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" - not applicable. Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" (a strange, other dimension) - Here "other" could mean different from normal, but in this scientific context, "other cancers" simply means different types of cancer, not strange or unusual. So sense 1 is correct. The number is 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other <t>cancers</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

The sentence: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other <t>cancers</t>."

We need to choose among senses 1 through 5. The context is about a molecular biologist, medical school, "cells from other cancers". Clearly this refers to the disease cancer, sense 1. The other senses are astrology or a constellation. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "team" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His was one of two research <t>teams</t> in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Senses:
1. definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
2. definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "His was one of two research <t>teams</t> in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."

We need to identify which numbered sense of "team" is used. The senses provided:

1. a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
2. two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

The sentence talks about "research teams", which are groups of people working together cooperatively on research. This matches sense 1: a cooperative unit. Sense 2 is about animals pulling something, which is irrelevant.

Thus, the correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His was one of two research teams in 1984 to <t>report</t> dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Senses:
1. definition=to give an account or representation of in words | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city
3. definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's
6. definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'report' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to <t>report</t> dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."

Senses:
1. to give an account or representation of in words
2. announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding
3. announce one's presence
4. make known to the authorities
5. be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism
6. complain about; make a charge against

We need to match the usage. The sentence says they "report" dual chromosome losses. This is a scientific finding, an announcement of results from their research. That matches sense 2: "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding". Examples: "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city" - that meaning fits. Sense 1 is too general "to give an account in words" but the specific context of research finding aligns with 2. Sense 5 is about journalism, not scientific research announcements. So answer 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "dual" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report <t>dual</t> chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Senses:
1. definition=consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs | examples=an egg with a double yolk
2. definition=having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; ; - R.W.Emerson; -Frederick Harrison | examples=a double (or dual) role for an actor
3. definition=a grammatical number category referring to two items or units as opposed to one item (singular) or more than two items (plural) | examples=ancient Greek had the dual form but it has merged with the plural form in modern Greek

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of "dual" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report <t>dual</t> chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."

Senses provided:
1. definition=consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs | examples=an egg with a double yolk
2. definition=having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; ; - R.W.Emerson; -Frederick Harrison | examples=a double (or dual) role for an actor
3. definition=a grammatical number category referring to two items or units as opposed to one item (singular) or more than two items (plural) | examples=ancient Greek had the dual form but it has merged with the plural form in modern Greek

We need to determine which sense fits the use of "dual" in the sentence. The sentence says "dual chromosome losses". This means two chromosome losses. The word "dual" here describes the number of chromosome losses, specifically two. It is not about parts in pairs (sense 1 might be like double yolk: an egg with a double yolk means two yolks, but that sense emphasizes consisting of two parts or components usually in pairs; dual chromosome losses are simply two losses, not necessarily in a pair). Sense 2 is about having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities, like a dual role for an actor (playing two different roles). That doesn't fit: chromosome losses are not dissimilar aspects; they are two instances of loss. Sense 3 is a grammatical number category. That is clearly not relevant.

Sense 1: "consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs". "Double yolk" means an egg with two yolks, i.e., two parts. "Dual chromosome losses" means two chromosome losses. They are two components (losses) but are they "usually in pairs"? Not necessarily. The expression "dual losses" simply means two losses. I think sense 1 is the closest: involving two parts or components. The example "double yolk" is a pair of yolks. Chromosome losses are two separate losses. That seems like sense 1: consisting of two components. I'll go with sense 1.

Check: The sentence says "dual chromosome losses" meaning two chromosomes were lost. That is "consisting of or involving two parts or components". The fact that they are losses, not physical objects, but still "components" in a broad sense. So I think sense 1 is correct.

Thus the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "loss" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome <t>losses</t> for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Senses:
1. definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss
2. definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss
3. definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
4. definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation
5. definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
6. definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | examples=the company operated at a loss last year
7. definition=military personnel lost by death or capture
8. definition=euphemistic expressions for death | examples=thousands mourned his passing

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'loss' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome <t>losses</t> for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."

We need to pick the sense that matches "losses" in this context. The word is "losses" (plural of loss) and refers to "dual chromosome losses". This is a biological/genetic context: chromosome loss means the loss of chromosomes from cells. It's the act or process of losing chromosomes, i.e., the disappearance or deletion of chromosomes. Which sense matches?

Let's review the senses:
1. something that is lost (e.g., the car was a total loss) - Chromosome losses could be viewed as "something that is lost" (the chromosomes are the things lost), but typically "loss" in this sense means the thing itself that was lost. "The car was a total loss" means the car is destroyed. Here, "chromosome losses" probably means the event/process of losing chromosomes, not the lost chromosomes themselves. Could be ambiguous.

2. gradual decline in amount or activity (e.g., weight loss) - This is about gradual decline. Chromosome loss in cancer might be a gradual decline or an event. But "dual chromosome losses" suggests specific events of loss, not necessarily gradual decline. Could fit?

3. the act of losing someone or something (e.g., everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock) - This is the act or fact of losing. "Chromosome losses" as the act of losing chromosomes. This is a good candidate: the act of losing chromosomes. Example: "loss was a shock" refers to the act/fact of losing a game. Here it's the act of losing chromosomes.

4. the disadvantage that results from losing something (e.g., his loss of credibility led to his resignation) - This refers to the resulting disadvantage, not the process.

5. the experience of losing a loved one - Not applicable.

6. business loss - Not applicable.

7. military personnel lost - Not applicable.

8. euphemisms for death - Not applicable.

So the best fit is sense 3: the act of losing someone or something. "dual chromosome losses" means instances of the act of losing chromosomes. In genetics, "loss" often refers to deletion or loss of genetic material. It is an event/act.

Check sense 1: "something that is lost". If chromosomes are lost, the losses could refer to the lost chromosomes. "Dual chromosome losses" might mean two lost chromosomes? But usually in biology, "loss" refers to the event. "Loss of chromosome" means the chromosome is gone. "Chromosome losses" plural: multiple events of losing chromosomes. I think sense 3 fits better. Sense 2 "gradual decline" might also be plausible, but "dual" suggests two specific instances. So 3 is the act of losing.

Therefore, answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "childhood" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare <t>childhood</t> cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Senses:
1. definition=the time of person's life when they are a child
2. definition=the state of a child between infancy and adolescence

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'childhood' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare <t>childhood</t> cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."

Senses:
1. the time of person's life when they are a child
2. the state of a child between infancy and adolescence

We need to determine which sense of "childhood" is being used. The phrase is "childhood cancer". Here, "childhood" is modifying "cancer", meaning cancer that occurs during childhood (the time of a person's life when they are a child). This is a noun adjunct, showing the time period when the cancer typically occurs. It corresponds to sense 1: the time of person's life when they are a child. Sense 2 is "the state of a child between infancy and adolescence", which is more abstract (the state of being a child). The cancer is not a cancer of the state of being a child; it's a cancer occurring in childhood (the time period). Both senses are related, but sense 1 fits perfectly as a modifier for a disease that appears during that time.

Therefore, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood <t>cancer</t> of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We need to find which sense of "cancer" is used in the sentence: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood <t>cancer</t> of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."

The word "cancer" is tagged with <t> tags. The senses are given as numbered list. We must pick the number of the sense that matches the usage.

Sentence context: "a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor." Wilm's tumor is a type of kidney cancer in children. So "cancer" here refers to a malignant growth or tumor. That matches sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream".

Sense 2 is astrology person. Sense 3 constellation. Sense 4 zodiac sign. Sense 5 genus. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "call" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney <t>called</t> Wilm's tumor.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | examples=I tried to call you all night
4. definition=utter a sudden loud cry | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle
5. definition=order, request, or command to come | examples=She was called into the director's office
6. definition=pay a brief visit | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'
8. definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!
10. definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'
13. definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. definition=demand payment of (a loan) | examples=Call a loan
15. definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | examples=He called his trump
16. definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance
17. definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty
25. definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name
26. definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'call' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney <t>called</t> Wilm's tumor."

We have a list of 28 senses. The word in question is "called" as used in the phrase "a rare childhood cancer of the kidney <t>called</t> Wilm's tumor." Here, "called" is a past participle modifying "cancer". The meaning is "named" or "designated by the name". In the list, we need to find the sense that matches "give a name to" or "designate as".

Looking at the senses:

1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. ... (others about telephone, shouting, visiting, etc.)

Sense 1 is "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". The example: "They named their son David." That matches the usage: the cancer is called Wilm's tumor, which is a proper name. Sense 2 is about common nouns reflecting a quality (e.g., "He called me a bastard"). So sense 1 is the correct one. "Wilm's tumor" is a proper name. So the answer is 1.

I will just output "1".

provider: Together


[User]
Which numbered sense of "turn_to" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein next <t>turned</t> his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=speak to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. definition=direct one's interest or attention towards; go into | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'turn_to' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Dr. Vogelstein next <t>turned</t> his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."

Wait, the sentence has "turned his attention ... colon cancer" – it seems like the phrase is "turn to" but the word "to" is missing? Maybe the sentence is: "Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention to colon cancer..." That's a typical phrase. The given sentence is missing "to". But the sense is "turn to" as a phrasal verb. The marked word is "turned" but the question says "sense of 'turn_to'". So they're asking about the phrasal verb "turn to". The senses provided:

1. definition=speak to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. definition=direct one's interest or attention towards; go into | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction

Sense 1 is "speak to", not matching. Sense 2 is "direct one's interest or attention towards; go into". That perfectly matches "turned his attention to colon cancer". So the answer is 2.

We need to return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "second" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the <t>second</t> biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude
2. definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'second' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the <t>second</t> biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."

Senses:
1. definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude
2. definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute

We need to determine which sense is used. The sentence says "the second biggest cancer killer", meaning it is the next after the first (lung cancer) in terms of magnitude (biggest). This matches sense 1: "coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude". Sense 2 is about music or subordinate parts, not applicable.

Thus, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "big" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second <t>biggest</t> cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent | examples=a large city
2. definition=significant | examples=graduation was a big day in his life
3. definition=very intense | examples=a bad headache
4. definition=loud and firm | examples=a big voice
5. definition=conspicuous in position or importance | examples=a big figure in the movement
6. definition=prodigious | examples=big spender
7. definition=exhibiting self-importance | examples=big talk
8. definition=feeling self-importance | examples=too big for his britches
9. definition=(of animals) fully developed | examples=an adult animal
10. definition=marked by intense physical force | examples=a big wind
11. definition=generous and understanding and tolerant | examples=a heart big enough to hold no grudges
12. definition=given or giving freely | examples=was a big tipper
13. definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | examples=was big with child

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'big' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second <t>biggest</t> cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."

We need to match "biggest" (superlative of "big") in this context. The context is "the second biggest cancer killer". It means the cancer that causes the most deaths, second only to lung cancer. "Big" here refers to the magnitude or extent of the number of deaths, i.e., the quantity. Let's examine the senses:

1. definition=above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent | examples=a large city
2. definition=significant | examples=graduation was a big day in his life
3. definition=very intense | examples=a bad headache
4. definition=loud and firm | examples=a big voice
5. definition=conspicuous in position or importance | examples=a big figure in the movement
6. definition=prodigious | examples=big spender
7. definition=exhibiting self-importance | examples=big talk
8. definition=feeling self-importance | examples=too big for his britches
9. definition=(of animals) fully developed | examples=an adult animal
10. definition=marked by intense physical force | examples=a big wind
11. definition=generous and understanding and tolerant | examples=a heart big enough to hold no grudges
12. definition=given or giving freely | examples=was a big tipper
13. definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | examples=was big with child

In the sentence, "biggest cancer killer" means the cancer that kills the most people. It refers to the number of deaths, so it's about size or number or quantity or magnitude. Sense 1: "above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent". That fits perfectly. Could it be sense 5? "conspicuous in position or importance" – that's more about rank or prominence, but "biggest cancer killer" is about the scale of killing (number of victims), so it's quantity/magnitude. Sense 2 "significant" also might fit, but sense 1 specifically mentions "number or quantity or magnitude", which directly relates to "killer" as a cause of death statistics. Usually, "biggest killer" refers to the number of deaths. So sense 1 is most accurate.

Answer: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest <t>cancer</t> killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' ... is used in the sentence below? Return only the number."

Sentence: "Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest <t>cancer</t> killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."

Senses:

1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

The sentence is about colon cancer, which is a disease. The word <t>cancer</t> is used as "cancer killer", referring to the disease cancer. So sense 1 is the one. Everything else is astrology or a genus. So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "killer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer <t>killer</t> in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=someone who causes the death of a person or animal
2. definition=the causal agent resulting in death | examples=heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States
3. definition=a difficulty that is hard to deal with | examples=that exam was a real killer
4. definition=predatory black-and-white toothed whale with large dorsal fin; common in cold seas

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'killer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer <t>killer</t> in the U.S. after lung cancer."

Senses:
1. someone who causes the death of a person or animal
2. the causal agent resulting in death | examples=heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States
3. a difficulty that is hard to deal with | examples=that exam was a real killer
4. predatory black-and-white toothed whale with large dorsal fin; common in cold seas

The word "killer" in the sentence refers to colon cancer as a cause of death. It's not a person (sense 1), not a difficulty (sense 3), and not the whale (sense 4). Sense 2 says "the causal agent resulting in death" and gives an example "heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States." This matches perfectly: "cancer killer" means cancer as a cause of death. So the correct sense is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "u.s." (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the <t>U.S.</t> after lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
2. definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'u.s.' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the <t>U.S.</t> after lung cancer."

Senses:
1. definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
2. definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

The sentence refers to colon cancer as the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. This clearly refers to the country/nation, not specifically the branches of government. So sense 2 is the geographic/political entity. Sense 1 is specifically about the federal government branches. The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "believe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: He <t>believed</t> colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Senses:
1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which numbered sense of "believe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the given sentence. The sentence is: "He <t>believed</t> colon cancer might also arise from multiple 'hits' on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages." We need to choose the correct sense number from the list.

Let's analyze the sentence. The subject "He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple 'hits'...". Here, "believed" is used to express that he held a certain hypothesis or idea to be true. It's an acceptance that something is true, based on reasoning or evidence. It's not about faith in a religious sense (sense 4), nor about trusting a person's veracity (sense 5). It's not judging a person (sense 2: "I think he is very smart" uses "think" as judge). It's about being confident about something, but the phrasing "believed colon cancer might also arise..." indicates he held this as a true possibility. Sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true" fits well. Sense 3: "be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war". That also matches a similar usage: believing a proposition. The distinction between sense 1 and sense 3: sense 1 is "accept as true", example: "I believed his report" (accepting a statement as true). Sense 3 is "be confident about something", example: "I believe that he will come back". In the sentence, "He believed colon cancer might also arise..." is very similar to "I believe that he will come back". Both are about believing a proposition. However, the definitions provided: sense 1 definition is "accept as true; take to be true". Sense 3 is "be confident about something". The sentence is a scientific hypothesis; he believes that something might be the case. That is accepting a possibility as true. The example for sense 3 is "I believe that he will come back from the war", expressing confidence. Often, "believe that..." falls under sense 3 in some dictionaries, but here the given senses have to be used as defined. Let's compare the two. "accept as true" is a good fit: he accepts as true that colon cancer might arise from multiple hits. "be confident about something" also fits: he is confident that it might arise that way. The example for sense 1: "I believed his report" is about believing a person's report (taking it as true). The example for sense 3 uses a that-clause: "I believe that he will come back". The sentence uses a that-clause (implied: "believed [that] colon cancer might also arise..."). So the structure matches sense 3 exactly. However, sometimes sense 1 is broader. Let's see all senses:
1. accept as true; take to be true | I believed his report
2. judge or regard; look upon; judge | I think he is very smart
3. be confident about something | I believe that he will come back from the war
4. follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. credit with veracity | You cannot believe this man

Sense 3 explicitly has a "that" clause example. And the meaning "be confident about something" matches the scientist's belief. Sense 1 might be more about believing a person or a statement that has been presented (like a report). In the sentence, he is forming a hypothesis, not necessarily being told something. So sense 3 seems more precise. However, let's check if there's any ambiguity. Sometimes "believe" in scientific contexts means "to accept as a working hypothesis", essentially "accept as true". But the given senses are discrete. The example for 3 is "I believe that he will come back from the war" which is a prediction, similar to the sentence's prediction/hypothesis. I think sense 3 is the intended match. Typically in WordNet or similar sense inventories, "believe" with a propositional clause is sense 3 (expect, believe, trust). But let's double-check: the sentence has "believed colon cancer might also arise...". That is exactly a propositional complement. Sense 1 example is a noun phrase object: "his report". That's different syntax. So the correct sense is likely 3.

I'll answer 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "arise" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: He believed colon cancer might also <t>arise</t> from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Senses:
1. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
2. definition=originate or come into being | examples=a question arose
3. definition=rise to one's feet | examples=The audience got up and applauded
4. definition=result or issue | examples=A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion
5. definition=move upward | examples=The fog lifted
6. definition=take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
7. definition=get up and out of bed | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which numbered sense of "arise" matches the usage in the sentence: "He believed colon cancer might also <t>arise</t> from multiple 'hits' on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages."

The word "arise" here is used in a medical/biological context: colon cancer might arise from multiple hits on cancer suppressor genes. That means colon cancer might originate or come into existence from that cause. It's about something coming into existence or originating as a result of something.

Let's examine the senses:

1. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
2. definition=originate or come into being | examples=a question arose
3. definition=rise to one's feet | examples=The audience got up and applauded
4. definition=result or issue | examples=A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion
5. definition=move upward | examples=The fog lifted
6. definition=take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
7. definition=get up and out of bed | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day

The sentence: "colon cancer might also arise from multiple 'hits'..." Here, "arise from" means "originate from" or "result from". Senses 1 and 2 both deal with coming into existence/originating. Sense 4 is "result or issue", with example "A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion." That example is very similar: something arises from something. Sense 4's definition is "result or issue", which fits "arise from" meaning "to be caused by" or "to result from". Sense 2 is "originate or come into being", example "a question arose" (without "from"). But the sentence has "arise from ..." Specifically, it's saying colon cancer might arise from multiple hits, meaning it might result from those hits. So sense 4 fits "result or issue" with the example "A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion", which is exactly the same construction. Sense 1 is "come into existence; take on form or shape" but the example doesn't have "from". Still, cancer arising from something could be seen as originating. But the more precise match is sense 4, because "arise from" indicates a result. Let's check the exact phrasing: "result or issue" and the example uses "arose from". So sense 4 is the closest.

Thus, the correct number is 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on <t>cancer</t> suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on <t>cancer</t> suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages."

We need to look at the senses provided:

1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

In the sentence, "cancer suppressor genes" refers to genes that suppress cancer (the disease). The word "cancer" here refers to the disease. Sense 1 matches: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..."

So the correct sense is 1.

The instruction: "Return only the number of the correct sense." So answer: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "often" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it <t>often</t> seems to develop in stages.

Senses:
1. definition=many times at short intervals | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. definition=frequently or in great quantities | examples=I don't drink much
3. definition=in many cases or instances

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'often' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple 'hits' on cancer suppressor genes, because it <t>often</t> seems to develop in stages."

Senses:
1. definition=many times at short intervals | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. definition=frequently or in great quantities | examples=I don't drink much
3. definition=in many cases or instances

We need to pick the sense number that matches the usage in the sentence. The sentence is about colon cancer often developing in stages. That means "in many cases or instances" it develops in stages. It's not about many times at short intervals (sense 1), nor about frequently or in great quantities (sense 2). Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" fits perfectly. So the answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "seem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often <t>seems</t> to develop in stages.

Senses:
1. definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | examples=She seems to be sleeping
2. definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | examples=It seems that he is very gifted
3. definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'seem' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple 'hits' on cancer suppressor genes, because it often <t>seems</t> to develop in stages."

Senses:
1. give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | examples=She seems to be sleeping
2. seem to be true, probable, or apparent | examples=It seems that he is very gifted
3. appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone

We need to choose the sense that matches the usage in the sentence. The sentence: "because it often seems to develop in stages." Here "it" refers to colon cancer. "It often seems to develop in stages" means that colon cancer gives the impression of developing in stages, i.e., it has the outward aspect of developing in stages. The subject is "it" (colon cancer), and "seems" is followed by an infinitive "to develop". That matches sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect", with example "She seems to be sleeping" (similar structure: subject + seems + infinitive). Sense 2 is "seem to be true, probable, or apparent", often used with "it seems that...". Sense 3 is "appear to exist" as in "There seems...". Sense 4 is "appear to one's own mind or opinion", with a personal subject like "I seem to be misunderstood". In the sentence, the subject is not a person but "it" (cancer), and it's about how cancer appears, so it's giving an impression. Thus sense 1 is the best match.

Therefore, the answer is

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