[User]
Which numbered sense of "flip" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, <t>flipped</t> a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin!
2. definition=cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation | examples=switch on the light
3. definition=look through a book or other written material | examples=He thumbed through the report
4. definition=toss with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn over in the air
5. definition=cause to move with a flick | examples=he flicked his Bic
6. definition=throw or toss with a light motion | examples=flip me the beachball
7. definition=move with a flick or light motion
8. definition=turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse | examples=flip over the pork chop
9. definition=react in an excited, delighted, or surprised way | examples=he flipped when he heard that he was accepted into Princeton University
10. definition=go mad, go crazy | examples=He flipped when he heard that he was being laid off
11. definition=reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'flip' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, <t>flipped</t> a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. lightly throw to see which side comes up...
2. cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation...
3. look through a book...
4. toss with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn over in the air
5. cause to move with a flick...
6. throw or toss with a light motion...
7. move with a flick or light motion
8. turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse...
9. react in an excited, delighted, or surprised way...
10. go mad, go crazy...
11. reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)

We need to find which sense fits "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy". The phrase is "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy". It means to change or convert a cell from a normal state to a malignant state. Sense 11 is "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". Reversing a direction or attitude? Not exactly "change into". However, "flip into" could be interpreted as changing state. But let's check all senses.

Sense 2: "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" – like flipping a switch. Could be metaphorical: flipping a switch on a cell to become malignant? But it says "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy", which implies transformation. It could be "flip" meaning to switch, like flipping a switch to change state. Is there a sense that means "to change or turn into"? The list includes "turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse" (sense 8) – flip over the pork chop. That is physical. "Reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)" is sense 11. Might be the closest metaphorical extension: reversing the course of the cell's normal behavior. But "flipped into" often means "changed suddenly into", which might be an extension of "turn upside down" or "switch". The senses are limited.

Looking at the provided senses, none explicitly says "change or transform into something else". But sense 11: "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". If a cell's course of action is normal growth, reversing it could mean becoming malignant. However, flipping a cell into malignancy might mean switching its state. Sense 2: "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" is like "switch on the light". "Flipped a cell into malignancy" could be like "flipped a switch" to turn on malignancy. But it's not "flip on", it's "flip into". Usually, "flip into" suggests turning into. The closest among the given might be sense 11 if "reverse" is interpreted as change state. Or could it be sense 9? "react in an excited... way" – no. Sense 10 "go mad, go crazy" – "flipped" intransitive, but here it's transitive: "flipped a colon cell into..." so it's causing the cell to go crazy? Possibly "flip" meaning to make crazy: "He flipped when he heard..." is intransitive. Transitive "flip someone out" is different. Not here.

Maybe sense 8: "turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse". "Flipped a cell into malignancy" might be a metaphorical extension of turning something over or reversing its orientation. But "reverse" is sense 11.

Let's re-read the sentence carefully: "the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy." The gene, when damaged, causes a colon cell to become malignant. The verb "flip" is used with "into", indicating a transformation. The phrase "flip into" is often used as "change or switch into". In some dictionaries, there is a sense of "flip" meaning "to change or turn into something" – but here we have a fixed list. We must pick from the list.

Is there any chance it's sense 11? "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". Yes, "flip" can mean to reverse a direction. If a cell's normal course is healthy, flipping it might mean reversing it to malignancy. However, that's a bit stretched. Another possibility: sense 2 "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" - example: "switch on the light". It could be like "flipped a switch" inside the cell. But the object is "a colon cell" and it is flipped "into full-blown malignancy". The structure "flip something into something" matches "flip a switch into the on position", but more commonly "flip something into" suggests transformation. I'm leaning towards sense 11 because it's about changing a course of action.

Wait, let me check the exact wording: "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". Could a gene flip a cell's course of action from normal to malignant? It says "flipped ... into". Often we say "flip something into reverse" or something. But "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy" – maybe it's sense 11.

Is there any other? Sense 5: "cause to move with a flick", no. Sense 7: "move with a flick", no. Sense 9: "react in an excited way", no. Sense 10: "go mad", intransitive. Sense 8: "turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse". Could a cell be turned upside down into malignancy? Not really.

Perhaps the intended sense is an idiomatic usage not perfectly covered, but we must choose the best fit. Often "flip" in "flip into" a state could be an extension of "reverse" or "switch". Sense 11 is "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". "Flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy" means it changed the cell's state. "Reverse its course of action" might be the closest.

Alternatively, check if there's any other dictionary sense that could match. The list might be from a specific dictionary. Sense 11: "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". In some contexts, "flip" means to change suddenly, often to an opposite state. That fits.

I'll go with 11.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "colon" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a <t>colon</t> cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos
3. definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos
4. definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal
5. definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "colon" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a <t>colon</t> cell into full-blown malignancy." The word is "colon" and it's referring to a cell type. "colon cell" means a cell from the colon (part of the large intestine). So sense 1: the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted. That matches. Other senses: 2 and 3 are currency, 4 is a city, 5 is a punctuation mark. So clearly sense 1. Return only the number: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: WandB

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cell' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy."

The word is "cell" in the context of "colon cell". The sentence talks about a gene that, if damaged, flips a colon cell into malignancy. This clearly refers to a biological cell, specifically a cell in the colon. So sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms..." is the correct one.

Answer:

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "full-blown" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=fully ripe; at the height of bloom | examples=a full-blown rose
2. definition=having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness | examples=a full-blown financial crisis

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy."

We need to choose which numbered sense matches the usage. The senses are:
1. fully ripe; at the height of bloom (example: a full-blown rose)
2. having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness (example: a full-blown financial crisis)

The sentence says "full-blown malignancy". Malignancy here means cancer. It's describing a colon cell turning into a full-blown malignancy. This means the cell becomes a fully developed cancer, with all the characteristics of malignancy. It doesn't refer to a flower blooming. So sense 2 is appropriate, "having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness". A full-blown malignancy means a complete, fully developed malignancy. So the answer is 2.

provider: GMICloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "malignancy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown <t>malignancy</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
2. definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'malignancy' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown <t>malignancy</t>."

Senses:
1. (medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
2. quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will

The context is clearly about a gene that, when damaged, causes a colon cell to become a full-blown malignancy. This refers to cancer, a medical condition. "Malignancy" here means a malignant tumor or cancerous state. So sense 1 is the correct one. The answer is 1.

provider: Fireworks


[User]
Which numbered sense of "month" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'month' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

We need to choose between sense 1 and sense 2. The sentence uses "months" in a duration context: "For months the researchers ... crawled down the length...". This indicates a period of time roughly measured in months, not a specific calendar month. Sense 2 is "a time unit of approximately 30 days", which fits duration. Sense 1 is about specific calendar divisions (January, February, etc.). The example for sense 2 is "he was given a month to pay the bill", which is a duration. So sense 2 is correct.

Return only the number: 2.

provider: Baidu


[User]
Which numbered sense of "use" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | examples=use your head!
2. definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. definition=use up, consume fully | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs
5. definition=avail oneself to | examples=apply a principle
6. definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'use' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

We need to pick among:
1. put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose
2. take or consume (regularly or habitually)
3. use up, consume fully
4. seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage
5. avail oneself to
6. habitually do something (use only in the past tense)

The word "using" here is: researchers <t>using</t> gene probes. They are employing gene probes for a particular purpose: to crawl down the chromosome... So sense 1 fits best: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose". It's not consuming (2,3), not using to one's advantage (4) in a manipulative sense, not "avail oneself to" which is usually "apply" (5), and not past habit (6). So answer is 1.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "down" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position | examples=don't fall down
2. definition=away from a more central or a more northerly place | examples=was sent down to work at the regional office
3. definition=paid in cash at time of purchase | examples=put ten dollars down on the necklace
4. definition=from an earlier time | examples=the story was passed down from father to son
5. definition=to a lower intensity | examples=he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black
6. definition=in an inactive or inoperative state | examples=the factory went down during the strike

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence and a list of senses for "down", each with a number and definition and examples. The task is to return the number of the correct sense as used in the sentence.

Sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

Important: The word "down" is marked with <t></t> tags in the sentence. They want to know which numbered sense applies.

Let's analyze the sentence. The phrase is "crawled down the length of chromosome 17". Here, "down" is used as part of a phrasal verb or preposition? Actually, it's "crawled down [something]". They crawled along the length of the chromosome. In what sense is "down" used? It indicates movement along something, often with a sense of forward progression, especially in a metaphorical or spatial sense. It might mean along the length, possibly from one end to another. Is it "from a higher to a lower level"? A chromosome doesn't have a literal up/down, but metaphorically they might be moving along it. Some sequencing or mapping is described as moving "down" the chromosome, like moving downstream on a river, away from a central point? Or is it simply spatial metaphor?

Let's examine the senses:

1. spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position (examples: don't fall down)
2. away from a more central or a more northerly place (examples: was sent down to work at the regional office)
3. paid in cash at time of purchase (put ten dollars down on the necklace)
4. from an earlier time (the story was passed down from father to son)
5. to a lower intensity (he slowly phased down the light...)
6. in an inactive or inoperative state (the factory went down during the strike)

We need to match: "crawled down the length of chromosome 17". This is a common usage: to crawl/walk/go down the length of something. It means moving along it from one end to the other. Is it sense 1? "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position". In a metaphorical sense, "down the length" might be considered spatial movement along a path, not necessarily from higher to lower. Often "down the street" uses "down" to mean along, without implying elevation. Some dictionaries classify "down" as along the course of something, which might be an extension of sense 1 (spatially ... from higher to lower? No, sense 1 mentions higher to lower level). Let's check sense 2: "away from a more central or a more northerly place". Could "down the chromosome" be away from a central point? The chromosome has a centromere, and geneticists may refer to "up" and "down" relative to the centromere or the short arm (p) and long arm (q)? Wait: In genetics, chromosomes have a short arm (p) and long arm (q). Typically, directions might be given as upstream/downstream, but "down the chromosome" might just be a general spatial metaphor. However, standard dictionaries often list "down" as "along the length of something" under the spatial sense, e.g., "she walked down the street." Sense 1: "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position" – is "down the street" considered higher to lower? No, it's just along. But "down the street" is often considered an extension of the spatial sense, maybe meaning in a direction away from the speaker or along. Some word sense disambiguation tasks (like WordNet) might have separate senses. Let's see if there's a sense for "along the length of" in the given options.

Given senses:
1. spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position
2. away from a more central or a more northerly place
3. paid in cash...
4. from an earlier time
5. to a lower intensity
6. in an inactive or inoperative state

None of these specifically says "along the length of something". The closest might be sense 1, as "metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position" could apply if we imagine the chromosome as having a "top" and "bottom" conceptually. In some contexts, "down" a list or "down" a sequence means moving forward through it. Another interpretation: in genetics, gene mapping might go "down" from the p arm to the q arm, but not necessarily. If we consider "crawled down the length", it might be a metaphorical extension of spatially moving along a path. In many WordNet-based sense inventories, "down" can mean "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level" (like "down the river"). But "down the river" can also mean in the direction of the current. Wait, WordNet has "down" as adverb:

1. spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position (down the stairs, down the river)
2. away from a more central or a more northerly place (down south, down to the country)
3. paid in cash at time of purchase
4. from an earlier time
5. to a lower intensity
6. in an inactive or inoperative state

Is there a sense "along the course of something"? In some dictionaries, "down" as preposition means "along the length of" but that might be grouped with sense 1. Often, "down the street" is considered sense 1 (from higher to lower? No, but metaphorically). Actually, WordNet adverb "down" has these senses:

1. spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position
2. away from a more central or a more northerly place
3. paid in cash at time of purchase
4. from an earlier time
5. to a lower intensity
6. in an inactive or inoperative state

For "crawled down the length of chromosome 17", it could be sense 1 if we consider the chromosome as having a directional axis (like reading a map: North is up, South is down; chromosomes are often drawn with p arm on top and q arm on bottom, so moving "down" the chromosome means towards the q arm, i.e., from higher to lower on the diagram). That is a metaphorical spatial higher-to-lower. Or it could simply be "along". But given the options, sense 1 is the only spatial motion sense. Sense 2 is away from central/northerly. Sense 5 is lower intensity, sense 6 is inactive. So sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Let's re-read: "experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17". They are traversing the chromosome. I'll go with 1.

Confirmation: If this is from a specific NLP dataset (e.g., SensEval, SemCor), "down the length" is often annotated as sense 1, because it represents directional movement along a linear object considered to have an implicit upward/downward orientation. Or, it could be a metaphorical use of "down" as along. But since the only spatial sense is 1, it must be 1.

Answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "length" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place | examples=the length of the table was 5 feet
2. definition=continuance in time | examples=the ceremony was of short duration
3. definition=the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end | examples=the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words
4. definition=size of the gap between two places | examples=the distance from New York to Chicago
5. definition=a section of something that is long and narrow | examples=a length of timber

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'length' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

Senses:
1. the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place | example: the length of the table was 5 feet
2. continuance in time | example: the ceremony was of short duration
3. the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end | example: the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words
4. size of the gap between two places | example: the distance from New York to Chicago
5. a section of something that is long and narrow | example: a length of timber

We need to determine which sense "length" has in "crawled down the length of chromosome 17". They are moving along the physical extent of the chromosome from one end to the other. "Crawled down the length" means along the entire linear extent. It's a spatial extent, similar to sense 1: "the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place". Sense 3 is "the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end", but that is more like the abstract extent (like length of an article, which could be temporal or spatial extent measured). Sense 3 examples: "the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words" - that's extent in terms of word count, an abstract property. The physical chromosome is a thing fixed in space? Actually, chromosome 17 is a molecular structure. The researchers are using gene probes to examine along its physical length. Sense 1: "the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place". Chromosomes are not necessarily fixed in place, but they are physical objects with a length. The example for sense 1 is a table. It's the physical length of an object. Sense 3 is more about the measure or property of extent, often used for non-physical or abstract extents (like length of an article, length of a movie, etc.). Also sense 4 is distance between two places. Sense 5 is a section of something long and narrow like a length of timber; here it says "crawled down the length of chromosome 17", meaning they traversed the whole thing, not a section. So it's sense 1.

But wait: could it be sense 3? "the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end". That seems very similar to sense 1. Usually, WordNet distinguishes between the dimension (sense 1) and the extent of something (sense 3). Sense 1: "the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place" (like a table). Sense 3: "the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end" (like the length of an article). The sentence has "crawled down the length of chromosome 17". Chromosome 17 is a physical object, so it's the linear extent in space. I'll go with 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "look_for" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | examples=The police are searching for clues
2. definition=be excited or anxious about

reasoning_content: We are asked to identify which sense of "look_for" is used in the sentence. The sentence describes researchers "looking for" the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in tumor cells. They are trying to locate/discover this bit. Sense 1: "try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of" fits. Sense 2: "be excited or anxious about" does not match. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells." The word "common" is marked. We need to choose which numbered sense (1-9) matches the usage in the sentence. Let's analyze.

The phrase is "the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells." This means they are looking for a bit of genetic material that is lost in *all* tumor cells, i.e., a bit that is shared by all tumor cells, or common to them. It's about something that is shared among multiple entities (the tumor cells). So sense 3: "common to or shared by two or more parties" fits perfectly ("a common friend" is an example, but here it's a genetic bit common to all tumor cells).

Let's check other senses:
1. "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public" - Not about community/public.
2. "having no special distinction or quality; widely known; average" - Doesn't fit.
4. "commonly encountered" - Might seem plausible if you read it as "frequently encountered", but the context is specifically looking for a genetic bit *lost in all tumor cells*, so it's about being shared by all, not just frequently encountered.
5. "everyday language" - No.
6. "the great masses of people" - No.
7. "of low or inferior quality" - No.
8. "lacking refinement" - No.
9. "to be expected; standard" - Not exactly.

Sense 3 is clearly the best match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=a small piece or quantity of something | examples=a spot of tea
2. definition=a small fragment of something broken off from the whole | examples=a bit of rock caught him in the eye
3. definition=an indefinitely short time | examples=wait just a moment
4. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work
5. definition=piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding | examples=the horse was not accustomed to a bit
6. definition=a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states | examples=there are 8 bits in a byte
7. definition=a small amount of solid food; a mouthful | examples=all they had left was a bit of bread
8. definition=a small fragment | examples=overheard snatches of their conversation
9. definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | examples=he did his act three times every evening
10. definition=the part of a key that enters a lock and lifts the tumblers
11. definition=the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press | examples=he looked around for the right size bit

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "bit" is used. The sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

The word "bit" here refers to a small piece or fragment of genetic material. "Smallest common bit" means the smallest shared piece. This aligns with sense 1: "a small piece or quantity of something" or sense 2: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole", or sense 8: "a small fragment". However, the genetic material is not necessarily "broken off" (sense 2 explicitly says "broken off from the whole"). Sense 8 is "a small fragment" with example "overheard snatches of their conversation", but that seems more abstract. Sense 1 is "a small piece or quantity of something", example "a spot of tea". The genetic material bit is a small piece. Could also be sense 6: a unit of information? "bit" in genetics might be used metaphorically, but the context is actual physical genetic material (DNA), not digital information. "Bit of genetic material" is a common phrase meaning a small piece. Sense 1 is likely the most direct: a small piece. Let's check the definitions:

1. a small piece or quantity of something → works.
2. a small fragment of something broken off from the whole → "broken off" implies physical breaking, not exactly here.
3. short time → no.
4. instance → no.
5. horse's mouth → no.
6. unit of information → though it's genetic information, they're talking about the physical material, not digital bit. "Smallest common bit" might be a play on "bit" of information? But they mean a segment of chromosome. Typically "bit" here means a small piece, sense 1.
7. small amount of solid food → no.
8. a small fragment → "overheard snatches" that's for conversations; a small fragment can be used for material, but sense 1 is more general. "A small piece" is exactly it.
9. theatrical performance → no.
10. key part → no.
11. drill part → no.

I'd go with sense 1. "bit" = small piece. So answer 1.

provider: Alibaba


[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'genetic' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells."

Senses provided:
1. occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

We need to interpret which sense applies. The sentence talks about "genetic material" in the context of chromosome 17, gene probes, and tumor cells. "Genetic material" refers to DNA/genes. The phrase "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" fits perfectly with "genetic material" (material of genes). Sense 2 is specifically about genes. Sense 1 is about heredity in families, sense 3 is about origin, sense 4 is about the science of genetics. Here, "genetic material" means material that constitutes genes or relates to genes. So sense 2 is the most appropriate.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "material" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | examples=coal is a hard black material
2. definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent
4. definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials
5. definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'material' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells."

We have 5 senses. We need to identify which sense matches "genetic material".

Looking at the senses:
1. the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | examples=coal is a hard black material
2. information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent
4. things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials
5. a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material

The phrase is "genetic material". Genetic material refers to the substance (DNA, genes) that makes up the physical basis of heredity. It is a tangible substance (molecules) that goes into the makeup of a physical object (chromosomes, cells). So sense 1: "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object" fits. "coal is a hard black material" is an example of a tangible substance. Genetic material is indeed the physical substance.

Sense 2 is about information that can be reworked, like data. Genetic material contains information (genes), but the sense "material" here refers to the physical substance, not the information itself. Often we say "genetic material" to mean the DNA molecules themselves. So it's sense 1. Sense 4: "things needed for doing or making something" like writing materials, that's plural "materials" usually. Not quite.

Thus, the answer is 1.

Return only the number:


[User]
Which numbered sense of "lose" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war
4. definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!
8. definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. definition=retreat
10. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | examples=I missed that remark
11. definition=be set at a disadvantage | examples=This author really suffers in translation

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'lose' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells."

The word in question is "lost" (past participle of "lose"). We need to match its meaning in context. The genetic material is "lost" in tumor cells. Scientists looked for the smallest common bit of genetic material that was missing/gone/deleted in tumor cells. In genetics, "lost" means deleted or no longer present. This matches the sense of "fail to keep or maintain; cease to have". Which sense is that? Sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". Examples: "She lost her purse..." That seems like the closest. The genetic material is something the cells once had (or the normal cells have) but tumor cells have ceased to have it. Other senses: sense 4 "misplace", sense 5 "miss from one's possessions", sense 8 "fail to get or obtain", etc. The best fit is sense 1, the most general "cease to have". Thus, answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cell' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>."

Senses:
1. any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb)
2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms...
3. a device that delivers electric current...
4. a small unit ... political movement
5. a hand-held mobile radiotelephone...
6. small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. a room where a prisoner is kept

The sentence refers to "tumor cells". Tumor cells are biological cells, so sense 2 is the correct one.

Therefore, the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "piece" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment
3. definition=a portion of a natural object | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts
4. definition=a musical work that has been created | examples=the composition is written in four movements
5. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work
6. definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran
7. definition=a portable gun | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | examples=a piece of pie
9. definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
10. definition=a work of art of some artistic value | examples=this store sells only objets d'art
11. definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | examples=he was here for a little while
12. definition=a share of something | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
13. definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'piece' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. a separate part of a whole. examples: an important piece of the evidence
2. an item that is an instance of some type. examples: he designed a new piece of equipment
3. a portion of a natural object. examples: they analyzed the river into three parts
4. a musical work that has been created. examples: the composition is written in four movements
5. an instance of some kind. examples: it was a nice piece of work
6. an artistic or literary composition. examples: he wrote an interesting piece on Iran
7. a portable gun. examples: he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. a serving that has been cut from a larger portion. examples: a piece of pie
9. a distance. examples: it is down the road a piece
10. a work of art of some artistic value. examples: this store sells only objets d'art
11. a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition. examples: he was here for a little while
12. a share of something. examples: a slice of the company's revenue
13. game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games. examples: he taught me to set up the men on the chess board

We need to find the sense that matches "piece" in "a piece of DNA". This is a part of a larger whole, a fragment of DNA. Senses: 1 is "a separate part of a whole". That seems most directly matching. 3 is "a portion of a natural object". DNA is a natural object, but it's often considered a part of a whole (like a piece of a sequence). "Piece" here means a segment/fragment of DNA. Sense 1 fits: "a separate part of a whole". The example for sense 1 uses "an important piece of the evidence", which is a part. So the answer is 1.

provider: Together


[User]
Which numbered sense of "probably" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would <t>probably</t> constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | examples=He is probably out of the country
2. definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'probably' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would <t>probably</t> constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | examples=He is probably out of the country
2. definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee

We need to choose between sense 1 and sense 2. The sentence uses "probably" to indicate likelihood. The first sense is about certainty/doubt: "with considerable certainty; without much doubt". The second sense is about plausibility: "easy to believe on the basis of available evidence". In "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene", it means it is likely, with considerable certainty. It's not about being easy to believe (plausibly). So the correct sense is 1.

Thus, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "constitute" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would probably <t>constitute</t> a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=form or compose | examples=This money is my only income
2. definition=create and charge with a task or function | examples=nominate a committee
3. definition=to compose or represent: | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting
4. definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | examples=establish a new department

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'constitute' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would probably <t>constitute</t> a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=form or compose | examples=This money is my only income
2. definition=create and charge with a task or function | examples=nominate a committee
3. definition=to compose or represent: | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting
4. definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | examples=establish a new department"

We need to pick the sense that matches "constitute" in "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene." The meaning is "Such a piece of DNA would probably form/compose/be equivalent to a gene." Sense 1: "form or compose", example "This money is my only income" (this money constitutes my only income). Sense 3: "to compose or represent", example "This wall forms the background". Both 1 and 3 are very similar. Sense 1 says "form or compose", and the example uses "constitute"? The example is "This money is my only income" which might be "This money constitutes my only income". Sense 3 says "to compose or represent:" with example "This wall forms the background". In the sentence, "constitute a gene" means "form or constitute a gene". Let's see the exact wording. Sense 1: definition=form or compose. Sense 3: definition=to compose or represent:. They are nearly identical. We need to see the subtle difference. The sentence "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene" means the piece of DNA would be a gene, i.e., it would form or make up a gene. Both sense 1 and 3 might fit. However, sense 3 says "to compose or represent:" and the example is "This wall forms the background of the stage setting" which is similar to "this piece of DNA forms a gene". The example for sense 1 is "This money is my only income", meaning "This money constitutes my only income" (the money IS the income). In the DNA sentence, the piece of DNA would BE a gene. Often in dictionary definitions, "constitute" meaning "to be equivalent to, to form" is sense 1. But I need to decide based on the given definitions. Let's parse: The sentence: "Such a piece of DNA would probably <t>constitute</t> a gene." Which sense? The piece of DNA is not "creating and charging with a task" (sense 2), nor "set up or lay the groundwork for" (sense 4). Between 1 and 3: Sense 1: form or compose. Sense 3: to compose or represent. "Form or compose" vs "to compose or represent". The word "represent" might mean "constitute" in the sense "this represents a gene"? The sentence says the piece of DNA would constitute a gene, i.e., it would be a gene. It's a typical meaning: to form, make up, be equivalent to. I think sense 1 is the most direct: "form or compose". The example "This money is my only income" matches the structure X constitutes Y (X is Y's only income). The DNA constitutes a gene. So sense 1. Let me double-check: Sometimes "constitute" in "constitute a gene" could be interpreted as "make up, form". Both 1 and 3 have "compose". But 3 says "to compose or represent:" with a colon and an example. It's ambiguous but "represent" might be slightly different. I'll go with sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they <t>found</t> it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'find' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "When they <t>found</t> it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over."

Senses list with numbers 1 through 16.

We need to identify which sense of "find" is being used here. The sentence mentions "found it last winter" and "the search was over". So they were searching for something, and they found it. This matches sense 3: "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?" Also, the context says "the search was over" so it's clearly about finding something after a search.

Check other senses: 1 is accidental, no, they were searching. 2 is discovering existence, but specifically with search it's 3. 4 is calculation, no. 5 is belief, no. 6 perceive, no. 7 get for purpose, no. 8 make a discovery, but "found it" refers to a specific lost/searched-for object, similar to "Did you find your glasses?" 9 is make a discovery like "She found that he had lied", not applicable here. Others not relevant.

So the answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "last" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday
2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris
3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise
4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected
5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words
6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | examples=the final answer
7. definition=highest in extent or degree | examples=to the last measure of human endurance
8. definition=not to be altered or undone | examples=the judge's decision is final
9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | examples=last prize

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'last' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over."

We need to pick the numbered sense (1-9) that matches the usage of "last" here.

Let's examine the senses:
1. immediately past | examples: last Thursday
2. coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples: the last time I saw Paris
3. occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples: his concluding words came as a surprise
4. most unlikely or unsuitable | examples: the last person we would have suspected
5. occurring at the time of death | examples: his last words
6. conclusive in a process or progression | examples: the final answer
7. highest in extent or degree | examples: to the last measure of human endurance
8. not to be altered or undone | examples: the judge's decision is final
9. lowest in rank or importance | examples: last prize

In the sentence, "last winter" means the winter immediately preceding the current time, i.e., the most recent winter. That matches sense 1: "immediately past", with example "last Thursday". Sense 2 is "coming after all others" (final), but "last winter" is not the final winter of all time; it's the most recent past winter. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus answer: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "dubious" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was <t>dubious</t> that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=fraught with uncertainty or doubt | examples=they were doubtful that the cord would hold
2. definition=open to doubt or suspicion; ; ; ; - Karen Horney | examples=the candidate's doubtful past
3. definition=not convinced | examples=they admitted the force of my argument but remained dubious

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'dubious' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was <t>dubious</t> that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=fraught with uncertainty or doubt | examples=they were doubtful that the cord would hold
2. definition=open to doubt or suspicion; ; ; ; - Karen Horney | examples=the candidate's doubtful past
3. definition=not convinced | examples=they admitted the force of my argument but remained dubious

We need to match the usage. In the sentence, "Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over" means he was not convinced, skeptical. Sense 3 is "not convinced" with that exact example structure: "they admitted the force of my argument but remained dubious" implies they were not convinced. Sense 1 is "fraught with uncertainty or doubt" which is similar but the example "they were doubtful that the cord would hold" indicates a state of uncertainty about a future event, which is slightly different. Sense 2 is about something being open to doubt or suspicion (like "doubtful past"). The sentence has a person being dubious that something is the case, which matches being "not convinced" (sense 3). So the answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "search" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the <t>search</t> was over.

Senses:
1. definition=the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone
2. definition=an investigation seeking answers | examples=a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing
3. definition=an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property | examples=they wrote a program to do a table lookup
4. definition=the examination of alternative hypotheses | examples=his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful
5. definition=boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas | examples=right of search

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'search' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the <t>search</t> was over."

Senses:
1. the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone
2. an investigation seeking answers | a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing
3. an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property | they wrote a program to do a table lookup
4. the examination of alternative hypotheses | his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful
5. boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas | right of search

We need to interpret the sentence. The sentence says: "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over." Here, "the search" refers to an activity of looking for something (they found "it", so the search might be over). It's clearly sense 1: "the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone". There's no investigation (sense 2) in a legal/audit sense necessarily, it's just looking for something. Sense 3 is computer science/algorithms. Sense 4 is about hypotheses like in chess. Sense 5 is maritime law. So sense 1 fits best.

Answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "doubt" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His <t>doubts</t> stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being unsure of something
2. definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | examples=the dubiousness of his claim

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'doubt' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His <t>doubts</t> stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being unsure of something
2. definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | examples=the dubiousness of his claim

We need to pick the sense that matches the usage in the sentence. The sentence says his doubts stemmed from the fact that a researcher found that a gene could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. This suggests he had doubts about something, probably a scientific claim or idea. The context of a gene transforming cells suggests he doubted the established belief perhaps. "Doubts" here is plural, indicating instances or feelings of uncertainty. Sense 1: "the state of being unsure of something" is general. Sense 2: "uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something", with example "the dubiousness of his claim". This sense is specifically about uncertainty regarding truth/factuality/existence. In the sentence, his doubts are about something (likely a scientific fact or belief) because of the earlier experiment's results. That seems to be uncertainty about the truth of something. So sense 2 seems more precise. However, sense 1 is a broader "state of being unsure". The sentence doesn't explicitly say what he doubted, but we can infer he doubted some piece of knowledge. Typically, "doubts" as feelings of uncertainty can be sense 1. But sense 1 definition: "the state of being unsure of something". Sense 2: "uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something". In many contexts, they overlap. The example for sense 2 is "the dubiousness of his claim", which relates to questioning a claim's truth. His doubts stemmed from a fact that contradicted something, so he was uncertain about the truth of that something. Thus sense 2 is likely.

Let's think: The sentence likely comes from a biography or science writing. It might be about a scientist who doubted the prevailing theory that p53 is an oncogene because earlier Levine found it could cause cancer? Wait, the fact that a gene could transform normal cells into cancerous ones would cause doubts about something else. Possibly he doubted that p53 is a tumor suppressor? Actually, the sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones." This might refer to someone doubting that p53 is a tumor suppressor gene, because Levine's early experiment suggested it was an oncogene. So his doubts were about the true role of p53. That is an uncertainty about the truth/factuality of something. So sense 2 is the best match.

Thus answer: 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "stem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts <t>stemmed</t> from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=grow out of, have roots in, originate in | examples=The increase in the national debt stems from the last war
2. definition=cause to point inward | examples=stem your skis
3. definition=stop the flow of a liquid | examples=staunch the blood flow
4. definition=remove the stem from | examples=for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'stem' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts <t>stemmed</t> from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

Senses:
1. definition=grow out of, have roots in, originate in | examples=The increase in the national debt stems from the last war
2. definition=cause to point inward | examples=stem your skis
3. definition=stop the flow of a liquid | examples=staunch the blood flow
4. definition=remove the stem from | examples=for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed

The verb "stemmed" in the sentence is used as "stemmed from", meaning "originated in". That matches sense 1. So the answer is 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the <t>fact</t> that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact
4. definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'fact' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the <t>fact</t> that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

Senses:
1. definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact
4. definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

We need to analyze the usage: "the fact that several years earlier ... a researcher ... had found ... that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones." Here, "fact" introduces a clause that describes something known to have happened (the researcher found something). The phrase "the fact that" is often used to refer to a known circumstance or event that is true. Let's see which sense fits best.

Sense 1: a piece of information about circumstances or events. "the fact that..." could be considered a piece of information. But this sense often refers to discrete pieces of data: "collect all the facts."

Sense 2: a statement or assertion of verified information. Here, "he supported his argument with facts" implies facts as statements. In the sentence, "His doubts stemmed from the fact that..." The fact is not presented as a statement someone is asserting in the context; it's presented as a known event/circumstance that gave rise to doubts. The fact is the event itself: that Levine had found something.

Sense 3: an event known to have happened or something known to have existed. Example: "your fears have no basis in fact." That's very similar to "His doubts stemmed from the fact that..." meaning the fact is the event (the finding by Levine). It's a thing that happened.

Sense 4: a concept whose truth can be proved. Scientific facts. The sentence is about a specific finding, not a general concept.

Let's examine the phrase: "the fact that X" typically refers to the circumstance/event of X being the case. It's closest to sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed." The example for 3: "your fears have no basis in fact" uses "fact" in a similar abstract way referring to reality/what actually happened.

Thus, I think sense 3 is correct.

Double-check: In many dictionaries, "fact" as in "the fact that" is defined as a true piece of information (sense 1) or a situation that exists (sense 3). But the distinction here: sense 1 is "a piece of information", sense 3 is "an event known to have happened". The sentence: "stemmed from the fact that... [something happened]". That's the event itself, not just the information about it. So 3.

I'll output 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "several" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that <t>several</t> years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail
2. definition=considered individually | examples=the respective club members
3. definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'several' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that <t>several</t> years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail
2. definition=considered individually | examples=the respective club members
3. definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

We need to determine which sense of "several" is used in the sentence. "several years earlier" means an indefinite number of years (more than a few, but not many). That's sense 1. Sense 2 and 3 are about "respective" or "individual", which is archaic/legal. The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "year" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several <t>years</t> earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | examples=she is 4 years old
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'year' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several <t>years</t> earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

Senses:
1. a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | she is 4 years old
2. a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | a school year
3. the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. a body of students who graduate together | the class of '97

The context: "several years earlier" means a number of periods of 365 days earlier. It's sense 1, a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days. Sens 2 is a specific part of a year (school year). Sense 3 is planetary revolution. Sense 4 is a graduating class. So the answer is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "earlier" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years <t>earlier</t> a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=earlier in time; previously | examples=I had known her before
2. definition=comparatives of `soon' or `early' | examples=Come a little sooner, if you can
3. definition=before now | examples=why didn't you tell me in the first place?

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'earlier' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years <t>earlier</t> a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

Senses:
1. definition=earlier in time; previously | examples=I had known her before
2. definition=comparatives of `soon' or `early' | examples=Come a little sooner, if you can
3. definition=before now | examples=why didn't you tell me in the first place

We need to determine which sense matches the usage. In the sentence, "several years earlier" means "several years previously" (i.e., earlier in time relative to a past point). It's used to indicate that something happened before the time of his doubts. Sense 1: "earlier in time; previously" with example "I had known her before" seems to match. Sense 2 is about comparatives like "sooner" or "early" in a comparative form, but "earlier" here is not a comparative of 'soon' or 'early' in the sense of asking someone to come sooner; it's an adverb meaning previously. Sense 3 is "before now", but the reference point is not "now" but the past time of his doubts. However, "before now" might be interpreted as "previously" as well, but sense 3 says "before now" with example "why didn't you tell me in the first place" which is about a past action relative to the present. The given sentence uses "earlier" relative to a past event, not necessarily "before now". Sense 1 explicitly says "earlier in time; previously" which fits perfectly. So, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had <t>found</t> in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which sense of "find" is used in the given sentence. The sentence is: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had <t>found</t> in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

We need to match this usage to one of the 16 numbered senses provided. Let's analyze the sentence: The researcher "found" in experiments with mice that a gene could transform cells. This means the researcher discovered or determined through experiments that something is the case. It's a scientific finding based on experimentation.

Now, let's look at the senses:

1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with (We find this idea in Plato) - This is more like encountering an idea, not experimental discovery.
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (She detected high levels of lead...) - "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - this could fit: the researcher found the fact that the gene could transform cells.
3. come upon after searching; find something lost (Did you find your glasses?) - Not relevant.
4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (find the product of two numbers) - This specifically mentions "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". The example is "find the product of two numbers", which is a result of calculation. The researcher "found" through experiments that p53 could transform cells. This is establishing a fact after an experiment. This seems very fitting.
5. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions... (I feel that he doesn't like me) - Not relevant; it's experimental evidence.
6. perceive or be contemporaneous with (We found Republicans winning...) - Not relevant.
7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose (I found this gadget...) - Not relevant.
8. make a discovery, make a new finding (Roentgen discovered X-rays) - This is very general: make a discovery. The example is "Roentgen discovered X-rays". The researcher made a discovery. But note the distinction: sense 8 is "make a discovery, make a new finding" with the example of discovering X-rays. Sense 9 is "make a discovery" with the example "She found that he had lied to her". Actually, looking closely: sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding | Roentgen discovered X-rays" - here the object is the thing discovered (X-rays). Sense 9: "make a discovery | She found that he had lied to her" - here it's followed by a clause "that he had lied to her". In our sentence, the structure is "found ... that a gene ... could transform...". That matches the structure of sense 9: "She found that he had lied to her." Also sense 9 explicitly says "make a discovery", and the example is with a "that" clause. Sense 4 is "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment... | find the product of two numbers". But the example "find the product" takes a noun phrase, not a clause. However, the definition says "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". The sentence says "found in experiments... that...". This is establishing a fact after an experiment.

Let's compare senses 2, 4, 8, 9.

Sense 2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. Example: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water." This involves detecting the presence of something. In our sentence, the researcher found that a gene could transform cells. It's not just detecting the existence of the gene (p53 was known?), but discovering its capability. Actually, the sentence says "found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones." He discovered a fact about p53. This could be sense 2, but sense 2 example is about detecting a substance.

Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". The example is "find the product of two numbers", which is a result of calculation. It's establishing a specific result. Could "found that..." be considered establishing a fact? Often, "find that" in scientific contexts means "discover that". But "establish" is a strong word.

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding | Roentgen discovered X-rays". This has a direct object (X-rays). Our sentence has a clause as object, not a direct object noun phrase.

Sense 9: "make a discovery | She found that he had lied to her". This has a clause. The definition is exactly "make a discovery", and the example matches the syntactic structure: "found that [clause]". This seems perfectly tailored to the sentence.

Let's check the context: "had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform..." This is reporting a discovery. Sense 9 is "make a discovery" with the example "She found that he had lied to her." That is also discovering a fact.

Sense 4 might be tempting because it mentions "experiment", but the example "find the product of two numbers" doesn't match the clausal complement. Sense 9 is explicitly "make a discovery" with a that-clause. Typically, WordNet-style sense inventories separate senses based on syntactic frames and semantics. Sense 9 matches both the definition and the typical usage "find that..." meaning "discover that...".

Therefore, the correct sense is 9.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "experiment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in <t>experiments</t> with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
2. definition=the testing of an idea | examples=it was an experiment in living
3. definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'experiment' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in <t>experiments</t> with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

Senses:
1. definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
2. definition=the testing of an idea | examples=it was an experiment in living
3. definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard

We need to select the correct sense number. In the sentence, "experiments with mice" refers to scientific experiments, controlled tests or investigations. Sense 1 is exactly that: "the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation". Sense 2 is more metaphorical (testing an idea in life), and sense 3 is about trying something new or different. So the correct sense is 1.

Thus, answer: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "mouse" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with <t>mice</t> that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails
2. definition=a swollen bruise caused by a blow to the eye
3. definition=person who is quiet or timid
4. definition=a hand-operated electronic device that controls the coordinates of a cursor on your computer screen as you move it around on a pad; on the bottom of the device is a ball that rolls on the surface of the pad | examples=a mouse takes much more room than a trackball

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'mouse' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with <t>mice</t> that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

The word is "mice", which is the plural of "mouse". The senses given are:
1. definition=any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails
2. definition=a swollen bruise caused by a blow to the eye
3. definition=person who is quiet or timid
4. definition=a hand-operated electronic device that controls the coordinates of a cursor on your computer screen as you move it around on a pad; on the bottom of the device is a ball that rolls on the surface of the pad

The sentence talks about experiments with mice (animals). The gene p53 was studied in mice. Thus it's sense 1, the rodent.

I'll output just the number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "call" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene <t>called</t> p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | examples=I tried to call you all night
4. definition=utter a sudden loud cry | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle
5. definition=order, request, or command to come | examples=She was called into the director's office
6. definition=pay a brief visit | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'
8. definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!
10. definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'
13. definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. definition=demand payment of (a loan) | examples=Call a loan
15. definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | examples=He called his trump
16. definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance
17. definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty
25. definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name
26. definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'call' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene <t>called</t> p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

The word is "called". The phrase is "a gene called p53". This means the gene's name is p53, i.e., the gene is designated by the name p53.

Let's check the given senses:

1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David

This matches: "a gene called p53" means the gene was given the name p53. The definition says "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". The example "They named their son David" is analogous to "a gene called p53" (someone called the gene p53).

Other senses:
2. ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality (He called me a bastard) - here it's not a quality, it's a proper name (p53).
12. greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name (addresses me with 'Sir') - not greeting.
All others are clearly different.

Thus sense 1 is correct.

The answer is: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "transform" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could <t>transform</t> normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=subject to a mathematical transformation
2. definition=change or alter in form, appearance, or nature | examples=This experience transformed her completely
3. definition=change in outward structure or looks | examples=He transformed into a monster
4. definition=change from one form or medium into another | examples=Braque translated collage into oil
5. definition=convert (one form of energy) to another | examples=transform energy to light
6. definition=change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species
7. definition=increase or decrease (an alternating current or voltage)

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of "transform" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could <t>transform</t> normal cells into cancerous ones."

We have 7 senses. We need to pick the one that matches the usage.

Let's look at the senses:

1. subject to a mathematical transformation
2. change or alter in form, appearance, or nature | examples: This experience transformed her completely
3. change in outward structure or looks | examples: He transformed into a monster
4. change from one form or medium into another | examples: Braque translated collage into oil
5. convert (one form of energy) to another | examples: transform energy to light
6. change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species
7. increase or decrease (an alternating current or voltage)

The sentence talks about a gene called p53 transforming normal cells into cancerous ones. This is a biological context: a gene causing normal cells to become cancerous. It's about changing the nature of cells (from normal to cancerous). It is not mathematical (1), not just outward structure/looks (3), not from one medium to another like art (4), not energy conversion (5), not specifically bacterial cell DNA introduction from another cell (6 - that's a very specific transformation process in bacteria, whereas here it's mice cells, and p53 is a gene, not introducing DNA from another cell per se, though p53 mutations are involved; but sense 6 is specifically "change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell..." This is not bacterial, it's mouse cells, and the gene is within, not introduced from another cell). Sense 2 is "change or alter in form, appearance, or nature". That fits: changing nature from normal cells to cancerous ones. Sense 6 is too specific and not exactly matching the context. The sentence is about a gene's effect, not about introducing DNA from another cell directly (transformation in molecular biology often means uptake of foreign DNA, but here it's p53 gene causing transformation to cancerous cells, which is a different usage - cellular transformation in cancer biology means normal cells becoming cancerous). In cancer biology, "transform" means to become malignant. That aligns with sense 2: change in nature.

Thus the correct sense is 2.

provider: Venice