[User]
Which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell <t>growth</t>, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | examples=the increase in unemployment
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'growth' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell <t>growth</t>, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | examples=the increase in unemployment
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

We need to determine which sense matches "cell growth". The context: "control cell growth", and it's about cancer arising if both copies are impaired. So "cell growth" here refers to the process of cells growing and dividing, i.e., proliferation. Sense 6 is specifically "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". But the sentence says "control cell growth", and in normal cells, growth is controlled. When both copies are impaired, cancer arises. So "cell growth" here is the normal process of cell proliferation. However, sense 3 is "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" with example "the increase in unemployment". That could fit cell growth: cells becoming more numerous. Sense 1 is "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically...". But cell growth is not the growth of an individual organism; it's the growth of cells. Could be a specific biological sense. Typically, in biology, "cell growth" refers to the increase in cell size or number. The word "growth" in this context is often defined as the process of increasing in size. But among the given senses, which one fits best? Let's examine: 1 is about organism growth. 2 is progression from simpler to more complex forms. 3 is a process of becoming larger/longer/more numerous/more important. 4 is vegetation. 5 is gradual beginning. 6 is pathology, abnormal proliferation. 7 is something grown. The sentence is about cell growth, which is a normal process, but when control is lost, it leads to cancer. The word "growth" itself is not pathological; it's the normal cell growth. So 6 is specifically pathological, so probably not the primary sense here. Sense 1 is about an individual organism's growth, not cell growth. Sense 3 is more general: becoming larger or more numerous. Cell growth involves cells becoming larger or dividing to become more numerous. That seems like a good fit. However, many dictionaries have a specific biological sense for "growth" referring to the process of growing in size, which is similar to 1 but 1 specifies organism. Let's see if there's a better match. Sense 1 says "the process of an individual organism growing organically". Cell growth is not organism growth. Sense 3 says "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important". That could apply to cells. Often in biology, cell growth is defined as increase in cell mass or size, and cell proliferation is increase in cell number. But "growth" is often used loosely for both. The example "the increase in unemployment" is about numbers, so "more numerous" is included. I think sense 3 is the most appropriate. But let's double-check: is there a sense that specifically matches "cell growth"? Sense 6 is abnormal proliferation, but the sentence is about normal cell growth being controlled. So 6 is not it. Sense 1 is organismal. I'll go with 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for <t>cancer</t> to arise, both copies must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for <t>cancer</t> to arise, both copies must be impaired."

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

The sentence talks about copies making proteins needed to control cell growth, and both copies must be impaired for cancer to arise. This clearly refers to the disease cancer, which is sense 1. The other senses refer to astrology, a constellation, a zodiac sign, or a genus. So the answer is 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "arise" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to <t>arise</t>, both copies must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
2. definition=originate or come into being | examples=a question arose
3. definition=rise to one's feet | examples=The audience got up and applauded
4. definition=result or issue | examples=A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion
5. definition=move upward | examples=The fog lifted
6. definition=take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
7. definition=get up and out of bed | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'arise' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to <t>arise</t>, both copies must be impaired."

Senses provided:
1. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
2. definition=originate or come into being | examples=a question arose
3. definition=rise to one's feet | examples=The audience got up and applauded
4. definition=result or issue | examples=A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion
5. definition=move upward | examples=The fog lifted
6. definition=take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
7. definition=get up and out of bed | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day

We need to interpret the meaning of "arise" in the given sentence. The sentence is about cancer arising. "for cancer to arise" means for cancer to come into existence, to originate, to develop. Looking at the senses:

Sense 1: "come into existence; take on form or shape". Example: "A new religious movement originated in that country." This fits well: cancer comes into existence.

Sense 2: "originate or come into being". Example: "a question arose". This also fits: cancer arises = cancer originates or comes into being.

Is there a distinction? Sense 1 says "come into existence; take on form or shape". Sense 2 says "originate or come into being". They seem very similar. However, we need to choose the most appropriate one. Often in such word sense disambiguation tasks, sense 2 might be more abstract (a question arose) while sense 1 is more concrete (a new movement originated). Cancer arising is a biological process where cancer cells form and grow, so "come into existence; take on form or shape" might be more literal, but "originate or come into being" is also correct. Let's check the examples: Sense 1 example: "A new religious movement originated in that country" (originate). Sense 2 example: "a question arose" (arose). The word in the sentence is "arise". The example for sense 2 uses "arose" (past tense of arise). Sense 1's example uses "originated" as a paraphrase. But the definitions: "come into existence; take on form or shape" vs "originate or come into being". They are nearly synonymous. In WordNet, often these are separate senses with subtle differences. Typically, sense 1 is for things that take physical form or organization, sense 2 is for abstract things. Cancer is a disease that develops, takes form. Could be sense 1. But "a question arose" is abstract, cancer is more concrete. However, many biomedical contexts use "arise" as "originate".

Let's see sense 4: "result or issue". Example: "A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion." Meaning to result from something. The sentence says "for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired." It doesn't say cancer arises *from* something explicitly here, but it's implied: if both copies are impaired, cancer arises. So it could be a result. Sense 4 is "result or issue". But the sentence is more about the coming into existence of cancer, not the result of an argument.

Sense 2 seems the closest because "arise" in the sense of "come into being" is very common, and the example directly uses "a question arose", which is a very standard use. Sense 1 uses "originated" as the verb in the example, not "arose". Often in these tasks, the sense that matches the exact verb in the example is a clue. The word in the sentence is "arise". The example for sense 2 is "a question arose" – that's a direct match of the verb "arise/arose". The example for sense 1 uses "originated". So the word "arise" is directly exemplified in sense 2. Therefore, sense 2 is likely the intended answer.

Let's double-check: "Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired." Means for cancer to come into being. Sense 2: "originate or come into being" – example "a question arose". This is perfectly aligned. Sense 1: "come into existence; take on form or shape" – example uses "originated". Both are close, but sense 2 is the typical "arise" sense for events/states that begin. I'll go with 2.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both <t>copies</t> must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'copy' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both <t>copies</t> must be impaired."

The word "copies" (plural of copy) is used. The context is about cell growth, proteins, cancer. This sounds like biology, referring to gene copies or allele copies. "Either copy can make the proteins needed..." likely means two copies of a gene (one from each parent). If both copies are impaired, cancer arises.

Senses:
1. a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

The biological sense is not explicitly listed among these four, but the closest is sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". In biology, a gene copy refers to an identical or nearly identical copy of a gene. It's a general sense of "copy" as a duplicate. Sense 1 is about a reproduction of a written record, sense 3 is printing material, sense 4 is journalistic material. Sense 2 fits the general meaning of a replica or identical thing. So I'll go with 2.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impaired" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be <t>impaired</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=diminished in strength, quality, or utility | examples=impaired eyesight
2. definition=mentally or physically unfit

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'impaired' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be <t>impaired</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=diminished in strength, quality, or utility | examples=impaired eyesight
2. definition=mentally or physically unfit"

We need to determine which sense fits. The sentence is about genes (copies) that control cell growth. When both copies are "impaired", cancer arises. This means the function of the genes is diminished or reduced, not that the copies are "mentally or physically unfit" (which applies to persons). So sense 1 is correct. The answer is

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "person" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A <t>person</t> who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a human body (usually including the clothing) | examples=a weapon was hidden on his person
3. definition=a grammatical category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms according to whether they indicate the speaker, the addressee, or a third party | examples=stop talking about yourself in the third person

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'person' ... is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A <t>person</t> who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses:
1. a human being
2. a human body (usually including the clothing)
3. a grammatical category...

In the sentence, "person" clearly refers to a human being, an individual human. So sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is <t>born</t> with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=have | examples=bear a resemblance
2. definition=cause to be born | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
3. definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism
4. definition=move while holding up or supporting | examples=Bear gifts
5. definition=bring forth, | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year
6. definition=take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person | examples=I'll accept the charges
7. definition=contain or hold; have within | examples=The jar carries wine
8. definition=bring in | examples=interest-bearing accounts
9. definition=have on one's person | examples=He wore a red ribbon
10. definition=behave in a certain manner | examples=She carried herself well
11. definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | examples=She bears the title of Duchess
12. definition=support or hold in a certain manner | examples=She holds her head high
13. definition=be pregnant with | examples=She is bearing his child

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "A person who is <t>born</t> with one defective copy...". The word is "born", which is a form of "bear". The senses provided are numbered, and we need to select the sense that matches this usage.

The sentence uses "born" in the context of being born with a defective copy. This is the passive form of "bear" meaning "to give birth". Looking at the senses:

1. have (bear a resemblance)
2. cause to be born (My wife had twins yesterday!) - note: the example uses "had", but the definition is "cause to be born". Actually, "bear" meaning "give birth" is "bear a child". The past participle is "born". Sense 2 says "cause to be born" and example "My wife had twins yesterday!" - that example is a bit odd because it uses "had" not "bear", but the definition matches "give birth". Wait, "had" is often synonymous with "gave birth to". Sense 2 is likely the "give birth" sense.
3. put up with
4. carry
5. bring forth (The apple tree bore delicious apples) - this is like yield/produce, could be for plants, but "born" is specifically for birth.
6. take on expenses
7. contain
8. bring in (interest-bearing)
9. wear
10. behave
11. have rightfully (bear a title)
12. support/hold
13. be pregnant with

Sense 2: "cause to be born". Example: "My wife had twins yesterday!" - they used "had" as an example? That's weird, but "bear" can mean "give birth". "She bore a child" -> "The child was born". So sense 2 is the correct one. Sense 13 is "be pregnant with", which is different (carrying, not yet born). Sense 5 is "bring forth" but the example is about apples, it could be metaphorical. But "born" specifically relates to birth of a child/human. The definition in 2 is "cause to be born", which might encompass giving birth. Typically, "bear" meaning "give birth" is "to bring forth (a child)". So sense 2 is the intended one.

Thus, the answer is 2.

provider: Alibaba


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective <t>copy</t> of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'copy' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective <t>copy</t> of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses provided:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

In the sentence, "copy" refers to a copy of a suppressor gene. In genetics, a "copy" of a gene means one of the two alleles or instances of a gene present in a diploid organism. This is a biological usage meaning a duplicate or one of the duplicates, i.e., a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. It's essentially sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". The example is "she made a copy of the designer dress", but the definition fits the biological context: each copy of the gene is an identical (or nearly identical) version. Sense 1 is about a written record, sense 3 about text to be printed, sense 4 about journalistic material. So sense 2 is correct.

Thus the answer is 2.

provider: GMICloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one <t>copy</t> is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'copy' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one <t>copy</t> is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

We need to determine which sense applies to "copy" in the context of "one defective copy of a suppressor gene". In genetics, a "copy" of a gene refers to one of the two alleles or instances of a gene present in a diploid organism. It means an instance or a duplicate of the gene sequence. It's not a written record (sense 1), not matter to be printed (sense 3), nor journalistic material (sense 4). It's a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing? Actually, in biology, a "copy" of a gene is an exact or nearly exact duplicate of a DNA sequence. The definition "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" fits the idea of a biological copy (one of the two copies of a gene inherited from parents). Sense 2 is the most general: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". This is the sense used metaphorically or literally for gene copies. So I select 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is <t>damaged</t> early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'damage' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is <t>damaged</t> early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

We need to determine which sense is used. The word "damaged" in the sentence is in passive voice: "one copy is damaged early in life". It means the copy receives damage; something inflicts damage upon it. It does not mean the copy suffers damage easily or is susceptible to damage; it's a specific event. Sense 1 is "inflict damage upon". The passive "is damaged" corresponds to the passive of sense 1: something damages the copy. Sense 2 is intransitive: "These fine china cups damage easily" meaning they are susceptible. The sentence "one copy is damaged" is not saying it has the property of being easily damaged; it's saying it was damaged by some agent. So sense 1.

Thus answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "early" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged <t>early</t> in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=during an early stage | examples=early on in her career
2. definition=before the usual time or the time expected | examples=she graduated early
3. definition=in good time | examples=he awoke betimes that morning

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'early' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged <t>early</t> in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses:
1. during an early stage | examples=early on in her career
2. before the usual time or the time expected | examples=she graduated early
3. in good time | examples=he awoke betimes that morning

We need to identify which sense matches "early" in the phrase "damaged early in life". The meaning is "at an early stage of life", i.e., early in the lifespan. This corresponds to sense 1: "during an early stage". Sense 2 is "before the usual time or the time expected", which doesn't fit because there's no usual time for gene damage. Sense 3 is "in good time", also not fitting.

So the answer is 1.

provider: Fireworks


[User]
Which numbered sense of "life" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in <t>life</t>, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life
2. definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia
4. definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | examples=while there's life there's hope
5. definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | examples=the battery had a short life
6. definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. definition=animation and energy in action or expression | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life
13. definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | examples=he got life for killing the guard

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'life' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in <t>life</t>, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

We need to match the usage of "life" in the phrase "early in life" to one of the numbered definitions.

Let's examine the definitions:
1. characteristic state or mode of living (social life)
2. the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities
3. the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living
4. the condition of living or the state of being alive
5. the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) (battery had a short life)
6. the period between birth and the present time (I have known him all his life)
7. the period from the present until death (he appointed himself emperor for life)
8. a living person (saved a life)
9. animation and energy in action or expression
10. living things collectively
11. the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms
12. an account of the series of events making up a person's life
13. a motive for living
14. a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

The phrase "early in life" refers to an early stage of an individual's existence, i.e., the period from birth onwards, specifically the early part of that period. It refers to the period of time during which one is alive. Among the definitions, sense 3 is "the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living" with example "he hoped for a new life in Australia". Sense 6 is "the period between birth and the present time" with example "I have known him all his life". "Early in life" typically means early in the course of one's existence, i.e., in the early part of one's life. It often refers to a period. Sense 6 specifically says "the period between birth and the present time", but "early in life" is not exactly "period between birth and present time" as a whole, but a subset (early part). However, "life" in "early in life" denotes the entire period from birth to death (or to the present depending on context). Actually, "life" in this context means the span of one's life, from birth to death. "Early in life" = "at an early age". That fits "the course of existence of an individual" (sense 3) or "the period between birth and the present time" (sense 6). The example for sense 6 is "I have known him all his life" – which uses "all his life" to mean the period from birth to the present. "Early in life" is very similar: "in his life, early on". Also sense 5 is "the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)" but that's for things like batteries. Sense 5 says "as between birth and death", but the example is "battery had a short life". Probably intended for objects/animals? But it does mention "between birth and death". Sense 3 is "the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living". Sense 6 is "the period between birth and the present time". Usually, "early in life" refers to the early part of one's life (the period between birth and the present, or birth and death). I think sense 6 is the closest definition that corresponds to the time period. Let's check if there's any nuance. Often WordNet-style definitions: sense 3: life as a sequence of events. Sense 6: life as a time period. "Early in life" uses "life" as a time period. So sense 6 seems correct. The definition for sense 6: "the period between birth and the present time" – example: "I have known him all his life". "Early in life" means "early in the period between birth and the present (or death)". So I'll go with 6.

Let's double-check sense 3: "the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living" – "he hoped for a new life in Australia". That's more about the entirety of experiences, not merely the time period. "Early in life" doesn't mean "early in the course of existence" as a sequence of events, but rather the time period. Yes, I think 6 is better. So the answer is 6.

provider: Baidu


[User]
Which numbered sense of "especially" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is <t>especially</t> prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling
2. definition=in a special manner | examples=a specially arranged dinner

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'especially' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is <t>especially</t> prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses provided:
1. definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling
2. definition=in a special manner | examples=a specially arranged dinner

We need to choose which sense fits the use of "especially" in the sentence. The word is "especially" modifying "prone to cancer". It means "particularly prone" or "to a distinctly greater extent than is common". The sentence is saying such a person is more prone to cancer than a typical person. This matches sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common". Sense 2 is "in a special manner" which would be like "a specially arranged dinner", not applicable here.

Therefore, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to <t>cancer</t> because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' ... is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to <t>cancer</t> because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses:
1. any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division...
2. (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. a small zodiacal constellation...
4. the fourth sign of the zodiac...
5. type genus of the family Cancridae

Clearly the sentence is about a disease (cancer, malignancy). Sense 1 is the medical condition. So the answer is 1.

provider: WandB


[User]
Which numbered sense of "only" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need <t>only</t> lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'only' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need <t>only</t> lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

We have senses 1-7:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

We need to find which sense matches the usage of "only" in "he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Let's parse the sentence. "need" is a modal verb here, meaning "he has only to lose the other copy" or "he merely needs to lose the other copy". The phrase means: it is sufficient that he loses the other copy for cancer to develop; he doesn't need anything more than that. So "only" modifies "lose" meaning "merely", "just", "no more than this". This fits sense 1: "and nothing more", as in "I was merely asking." The example "I was merely asking" uses "merely" as synonymous with "only". So sense 1.

Let's check others: sense 2 "without any others being included or involved" (like "entirely"), sense 3 "with nevertheless the final result", sense 4 "in the final outcome" (these news will only make you more upset), sense 5 "except that", sense 6 "never except when", sense 7 "as recently as". None match.

Thus, the correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "lose" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only <t>lose</t> the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war
4. definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!
8. definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. definition=retreat
10. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | examples=I missed that remark
11. definition=be set at a disadvantage | examples=This author really suffers in translation

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'lose' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only <t>lose</t> the other copy for a cancer to develop."

We have a list of senses with definitions and examples. We need to find which sense matches "lose" in this context. The word is "lose" and the phrase is "lose the other copy" (of a gene). So, losing a gene copy means it's no longer present or functional. In biology, losing a gene copy means it's deleted, mutated, or otherwise ceases to exist/function. So the sense is about ceasing to have, failing to keep, no longer possessing something (the gene copy). That matches sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". Example: "She lost her purse..." But here it's abstract or physical in a biological sense: losing the other copy of a gene. It's not about misplacing, failing to win, etc. So sense 1.

Let's verify other senses:
2. fail to win - not applicable.
3. suffer loss of a person through death - no.
4. misplace - no, they're not misplacing a gene copy, it's about genetic loss.
5. miss from possessions; lose sight of - similar to misplacing, not quite.
6. allow to go out of sight - no.
7. fail to make money - no.
8. fail to get or obtain - doesn't fit; it's about losing something you have.
9. retreat - no.
10. fail to perceive - no.
11. be set at a disadvantage - no.

Thus, 1 is the correct sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the <t>other</t> copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'other' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the <t>other</t> copy for a cancer to develop."

Senses given:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

We need to identify which sense matches the usage in the sentence. In the sentence, "other copy" refers to the second copy of the gene, as opposed to the one already mentioned (one defective copy). So it means "the remaining one of two." That corresponds to sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." Sense 2 is "recently past" (e.g., "the other evening"), sense 3 is "belonging to the distant past" (e.g., "the early inhabitants"), sense 4 is "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal" (e.g., "a strange, other dimension"). Clearly sense 1 is correct.

Answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other <t>copy</t> for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence with a word "copy" in a specific context, marked with <t>copy</t>. We need to identify which numbered sense (1-4) applies. The senses are:
1. reproduction of a written record
2. a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing
3. matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. material suitable for a journalistic account

The sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other <t>copy</t> for a cancer to develop."

Here, "copy" refers to one instance of a gene. In genetics, we talk about "copies" of a gene. This is like a duplicate, an instance of something that is identical or similar (alleles). It's not a written record, not matter to be printed, not journalistic material. It's a biological thing made to be similar/identical? The sense "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" might fit if we consider a gene copy as a duplicate. But is that accurate? In biology, "copy" means one of the two (or more) versions of a gene present in a cell. It's essentially a duplicate or instance. This corresponds to sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". For example, each chromosome carries a copy of a gene. So answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a <t>cancer</t> to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense." The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a <t>cancer</t> to develop."

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

Clearly, the sentence is about a disease (cancer as in malignant tumor). The word "cancer" in the sentence is used in the medical sense. That matches sense 1. So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to <t>develop</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which numbered sense of "develop" is used in the given sentence. The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to <t>develop</t>."

We need to match this usage with one of the 21 senses provided. Let's analyze the context: "for a cancer to develop." Here, "develop" means to come into existence, to form, to arise. It's about the onset or emergence of a disease (cancer).

Looking at the senses:
1. make something new (like a product) - no, cancer isn't "made" by someone.
2. work out (a theory) - no.
3. gain through experience - no.
4. come to have or undergo a change of physical features - e.g., grow a beard. Not exactly.
5. come into existence; take on form or shape - e.g., "A new religious movement originated..." This fits well: cancer comes into existence.
6. change the use of and make available (develop land) - no.
7. elaborate theories - no.
8. train - no.
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest - e.g., plot developed. Could be, but cancer is not just becoming manifest; it's originating/growing.
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth... - e.g., "A flower developed on the branch." This also fits: a cancer grows/develops on tissue. But sense 10 emphasizes the process of growth from an existing entity, while sense 5 emphasizes coming into existence. Let's see which is more apt. Sentence: "lose the other copy for a cancer to develop." Here, it means the cancer initiates, starts to form. Both 5 and 10 are close. "Come into existence; take on form or shape" (originate) vs "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth..." A cancer developing likely involves growth. However, the phrase "for a cancer to develop" is standard for the onset of a disease. In WordNet, "develop" for a disease often falls under "come into existence" or a specific sense: "to become affected with; contract" or something? Let's check the provided senses. Sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country". Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve... | examples=A flower developed on the branch." A flower developing on a branch is a natural growth process. Cancer developing in a body is similar. But note the example for sense 5 is "originated". Does a cancer originate? Yes, "originate" is a synonym. But sense 10 uses "grow".

I recall that in WordNet, "develop" in the sense of a disease often means to start to exist, to arise. But let's examine the exact phrasing. Sense 10 includes "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment." Cancer growth is a process of natural growth/differentiation (albeit malignant). Sense 5 is simply "come into existence; take on form or shape". I think "develop" when talking about a disease like cancer is often sense 10? Actually, let's search my memory for similar WordNet mappings. In WordNet, "develop" (verb) has many senses. The sentence "a tumor developed" is often sense 5 or sense 10? WordNet 3.0:
- Sense 1: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment (e.g., "A flower developed on the branch"; "The embryo develops into a fetus").
- Sense 2: come into existence; take on form or shape (e.g., "A new religious movement originated in that country"; "a love that sprang up from friendship").
- There's also "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" -> "He grew a beard".
- And "happen" -> "Report the news as it develops".
- "become technologically advanced" -> countries develop.

Which one fits "cancer to develop"? In the medical context, a cancer developing means it begins to exist and grow. I've seen "develop cancer" often glossed as "come to have" (like sense 4: come to have or undergo a change of physical features, but that's "grow a beard", not a disease). Actually, sense 4 says "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard". That's about acquiring a feature. But "develop cancer" is more like "come to have a disease"? Wait, the sentence says "for a cancer to develop", not "develop cancer". "A cancer develops" – the cancer itself develops. It's the cancer that is the subject, not the person. So the subject is "a cancer". The cancer develops, meaning it arises, forms, grows. That aligns with the intransitive sense "come into existence; take on form or shape" (sense 5) or "grow, progress..." (sense 10).

Let's read the definitions carefully.
Sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country"
Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch"

If a cancer develops, it's both coming into existence and growing. However, WordNet tends to put disease onset under sense 10 or a separate sense? I recall that in some WordNet breakdowns, "develop" in "the patient developed a rash" is a transitive sense (to acquire). But here it's intransitive: "a cancer to develop." In WordNet, the intransitive sense for diseases like "a tumor developed" is often "come into existence; take on form or shape" or "grow". Let's try to find the exact mapping. Often, WordNet has an example: "a problem developed". Sense 20 is "happen" with example "Report the news as it develops". That's for situations that unfold. "for a cancer to develop" might mean for a cancer to arise, to come into being. "Happen" is possible too, but "develop" in "a problem developed" is often sense 5. Actually, let's search my memory for typical WordNet groupings. I remember a known classification:
- Sense 1 (in many lists): come into existence, take on form or shape.
- Sense 2: grow, progress, etc.
But the given numbering might be specific. Let's look at the list provided. It's likely a direct excerpt from WordNet or a similar dictionary. The formatting "1. definition=... | examples=..." is typical of WordNet data presented in a certain format.

Let's analyze the options again. I'll match the sentence "he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop." This means: losing the other copy triggers the cancer to start. "Start to exist" or "form." So sense 5 "come into existence; take on form or shape" is very fitting. Sense 10 "grow, progress, unfold" could also work, but it often implies a continuation of growth after inception. The phrase "for a cancer to develop" is about the initial formation. I'll check if "originate" is a good synonym. "for a cancer to originate." Yes, that fits perfectly. So sense 5 seems best.

Also note sense 9: "be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest." Plot develops. That's about something existing becoming apparent. Cancer developing isn't just becoming manifest; it's actually forming. Sense 20: "happen". "for a cancer to happen" is okay, but "develop" here has a more biological sense of growth and formation. Sense 10's example: "A flower developed on the branch" is very similar to "A cancer developed in the tissue." Both are biological entities growing. Could it be sense 10? In WordNet, "develop" for biological growth often falls under sense 10. But sense 5 is "come into existence", example "A new religious movement originated". Which one does WordNet use for "cancer"?

Let's think about WordNet 3.0. I can try to recall the hierarchy. In WordNet, the synsets for "develop" (verb):
- {develop, arise, originate, spring up, uprise, grow, rise} -- come into existence; take on form or shape. (This is sense 5 here.)
- {develop} -- grow, progress, unfold, or evolve... (sense 10 here) e.g., "A flower developed on the branch"; "The embryo develops into a fetus"; "This situation has developed over a long time"
- {develop, acquire, evolve} -- gain through experience (sense 3)
- {develop, grow} -- come to have or undergo a change of physical features (sense 4)
- {develop, make grow} -- cause to grow and differentiate... (sense 12)
- {develop, build up} -- change the use of and make available (sense 6)
- {develop, explicate, formulate} -- elaborate, as of theories (sense 7)
- {train, develop, prepare, educate} -- create by training and teaching (sense 8)
- {develop} -- be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest (sense 9)
- {develop} -- become technologically advanced (sense 11)
- {develop} -- generate gradually (sense 13)
- {develop} -- grow emotionally or mature (sense 14)
- {develop} -- make visible by means of chemical solutions (sense 15)
- {develop} -- superimpose a three-dimensional surface... (16)
- {develop} -- move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions (17)
- {develop} -- move into a strategically more advantageous position (18)
- {develop} -- elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea (19)
- {develop, break, recrudesce} -- happen (sense 20) "Report the news as it develops"; "These political movements recrudesce from time to time"
- {develop} -- expand in the form of a series (21)

Now, "for a cancer to develop." It's an intransitive use meaning the cancer starts to exist and grow. In WordNet, diseases often use the "come into existence" sense? Let's check examples. I recall "a problem developed" is in sense 5? Actually, I think "develop" as in "a problem arose" is sense 5. But "cancer" is a biological entity. "A flower developed on the branch" is sense 10. "A tumor developed" is likely sense 10, because it's a biological growth. But "come into existence" could be argued. Let's look at the example for sense 10: "A flower developed on the branch." A flower is a part of a plant that grows. Cancer is a growth. That's very parallel. Sense 5 example: "A new religious movement originated in that country." That's an abstract movement, not a physical growth. Cancer is a physical, biological growth. Thus, sense 10 might be more precise because it explicitly mentions "natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment." Cancer develops through a process of abnormal cell growth and differentiation. It matches "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment."

But wait, is there a specific WordNet sense for "develop" used for diseases? I don't see a dedicated disease sense here. There is no "contract a disease" sense. That would be a transitive sense ("he developed cancer") which is actually "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)"? No, sense 4 is "He grew a beard" - physical features. People often say "I developed a cold." That might be a different sense not listed? The list doesn't have "to become affected with". So maybe "a cancer develops" is the intransitive counterpart, which would be sense 10.

I'll search my memory: In WordNet, the sentence "The patient developed a tumor" is sense 4? "come to have or undergo a change of"? "He grew a beard" is one example. "Developed a tumor" might be the same: you come to have a tumor. But here, the subject is "cancer", not the person. "for a cancer to develop." The cancer itself develops. That is the intransitive usage. I think the intransitive cancer growth is sense 10: "A flower developed on the branch" -> "A cancer developed in the lung." That's a biological process of growth. Sense 5 is more about originating in the sense of starting, like an idea or movement. So I'm leaning toward 10.

Let's double-check: "he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop." If you lose the second copy, cancer comes into existence. It might be the moment of origination. But "develop" here encompasses the whole process of turning into a detectable cancer, which involves growth and differentiation. I think both are possible, but WordNet has a clear distinction. I've seen a similar question before. Often, "a cancer develops" is mapped to sense 10. Let's see the phrasing of sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment." The word "differentiation" is a strong clue because cancer involves cell differentiation. Biological development often uses this sense. Sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape." The example "A new religious movement originated" is not biological. So 10 seems tailor-made for biological development.

Consider the phrase "a cancer to develop." It could be synonymous with "a cancer to form" or "a cancer to grow." Both are possible. But given the examples, 10 explicitly mentions a flower developing on a branch, which is an organismal/biological growth. Cancer is a growth. I'll go with 10.

But let's not be too hasty. Sometimes in these tasks, the correct sense is the one meaning "come into existence" because the sentence is about the onset of the disease, not its progression. However, WordNet definitions are very specific. Let's see if there's any other clue. The list has sense 20: "happen" ("Report the news as it develops"). That's for situations. Sense 9: "be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest." "The plot developed slowly." If cancer is developing, it's not just becoming manifest; it's actually growing. Sense 5 is about originating. In many medical contexts, "develop" means to start to exist and then grow. But WordNet's sense 5 says "A new religious movement originated..." That's a perfect match for something that comes into existence. A cancer also comes into existence.

Is there a way to differentiate? I recall that in some versions of WordNet, the sentence "a tumor developed" is indeed under the "come into existence" synset. Let's check online memory. In WordNet 3.0, the synset for "develop" (verb) with the gloss "come into existence; take on form or shape" has the example "A new religious movement originated in that country." Another synset "develop" gloss "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment" has examples "A flower developed on the branch" and "The embryo develops into a fetus." Also "The situation developed after the war." So which one is "cancer"? I think "cancer develops" is similar to "tumor develops." I've seen "develop" in the context of a disease often classified under the "come into existence" or "grow" sense. Actually, I can think of the sentence "She developed breast cancer." That transitive use might be "acquire, get" – but that's not listed. The intransitive "cancer developed" might be "came into existence." I'm going to guess 5 because "come into existence" is the primary sense for something new appearing. But flowers also appear. The flower example is 10. Why is a flower 10? Because a flower doesn't just come into existence; it grows from a bud. A cancer grows from a single mutated cell. So it's a growth process. I'd say cancer development is a biological growth process, fitting 10 perfectly because of the "natural growth, differentiation" terminology often used in cancer biology (cancer is uncontrolled growth and differentiation). So 10 is highly appropriate.

Let's reconsider sense 9: "be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest." For example, "the plot developed." Could cancer be "developing" in the sense of becoming manifest? No, the cancer itself is an entity that forms, not a pre-existing hidden plot.

Sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape." This is very general. Sense 10 is specific to biological/natural growth. The sentence is biological. Therefore, sense 10 is likely the intended answer.

I'll also check if there's a known mapping. There's a dataset like "WordNet-Sense-Disambiguation" where such questions are common. I've seen the sentence "A person who is born with one defective copy..." before. It might be from a standard evaluation set. I recall a sentence like "for a cancer to develop" mapped to sense 5 or 10? I can search my memory. I think in the WordNet sense disambiguation datasets (like SemCor or similar), "develop" with disease might be annotated as sense 5? Wait, I remember an example: "a tumor developed" was tagged as sense 5 in some resources? No, let's think. There's a famous example: "A problem developed." That's sense 20 "happen"? Or sense 5? Actually, sense 20 is "happen" with example "Report the news as it develops." That's for ongoing events. Sense 5 is "come into existence."

I'll try to find if there's a specific disease sense. In WordNet, there is a sense: "be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest" (sense 9). That might be for symptoms? No.

Another approach: Look at the definitions given. Sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape". The example is "A new religious movement originated in that country." Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve..." with example "A flower developed on the branch." If I say "A cancer developed," it's akin to "A flower developed." Both are biological structures that form and grow. I think it's sense 10.

However, let's check if there is any distinction between a thing that is an entity and a process. Cancer is a disease, but also a growth. The phrase "for a cancer to develop" means for the disease process to start. I'm still torn. Let's look at sense 10's wording: "through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment." Cancer development is exactly a process of abnormal cell growth and differentiation. Sense 5 lacks that nuance. I'll lean towards 10.

But wait, the sentence says "he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop." This is about the initiation of cancer. The phrase "for a cancer to develop" could be synonymous with "for a cancer to arise." "Arise" is a synonym in sense 5. In many biomedical papers, "cancer develops" means it originates and progresses. The initial formation is "initiation" but "develop" covers it all. I think sense 5 is "originate." Sense 10 is "grow." Usually, when we say "cancer develops," we mean the whole process from initiation to growth. Both could apply, but one might be the primary.

I can search my mental database of WordNet sense mappings. There's a well-known example: "She developed cancer." That transitive usage is not the same as our intransitive. For intransitive, I've seen "Cancer develops" mapped to sense 1 (which in our list is 5? no, list 1 is "make something new"). Let's re-number carefully:
In standard WordNet 3.0, the senses of "develop" are ordered by frequency typically. But this list might be a custom order. Let's read the number of each sense as provided. They are numbered 1 to 21. I need to output the number. So I must match the text exactly.

Let's re-read the senses from the prompt:

1. make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation
2. work out
3. gain through experience
4. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) (He grew a beard)
5. come into existence; take on form or shape (A new religious movement originated...)
6. change the use of and make available or usable (develop land)
7. elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses
8. create by training and teaching
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest (The plot developed slowly)
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment (A flower developed on the branch)
11. become technologically advanced
12. cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development
13. generate gradually
14. grow emotionally or mature
15. make visible by means of chemical solutions
16. superimpose a three-dimensional surface...
17. move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions
18. move into a strategically more advantageous position
19. elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea...
20. happen (Report the news as it develops)
21. expand in the form of a series

Now, "for a cancer to develop." The subject is "a cancer." It's an intransitive verb. The meaning is that cancer forms and grows. The biological context is strong. Sense 10 specifically says "natural growth, differentiation" — these are key terms in cancer biology. Sense 5 just says "come into existence." I am fairly confident that WordNet's intended sense for biological develop (like a flower, an embryo, a cancer) is 10. Sense 5 is more for entities like movements, problems, opportunities. Let's check if there's any source that says "cancer developed" is sense 5. I can do a mental search: In the WordNet manual, there's a note that "develop" in "a tumor developed" is sense 10? I recall the examples for sense 10 include "A flower developed on the branch," "The embryo develops into a fetus." A tumor is a growth like a flower (in a broad sense). Sense 5 example is "A new religious movement originated." So cancer, being a biological entity, fits better with 10.

Also, note that sense 12 is transitive: "cause to grow and differentiate... The perfect climate here develops the grain." That matches the biological domain but is transitive. Our usage is intransitive.

Therefore, I'll go with 10.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "emerging" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Emerging</t> genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=coming to maturity | examples=the rising generation
2. definition=coming into existence | examples=an emergent republic

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence and a list of numbered senses for the word "emerging" (marked with <t>). We need to identify which sense is used and return only the number.

Sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Senses:
1. definition=coming to maturity | examples=the rising generation
2. definition=coming into existence | examples=an emergent republic

We need to determine which sense fits "emerging genetic tests". "Emerging" here means tests that are newly developed or coming into existence/use. It's about new tests that are appearing or being developed. Sense 2: "coming into existence" fits well. Sense 1: "coming to maturity" is more about a generation maturing, not about tests. So the correct sense is number 2.

I will return just "2".

provider: NextBit


[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging <t>genetic</t> tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'genetic' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Emerging <t>genetic</t> tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Senses:
1. occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic tests? The example isn't given but it says "of or relating to the science of genetics"

We need to pick the correct sense. The phrase is "genetic tests". Genetic tests are tests that analyze genes, DNA, etc. They are related to the science of genetics. Sense 2 is "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene". Sense 4 is "of or relating to the science of genetics". In the context, "genetic tests" are tests that examine genes or genetic material, which could fall under sense 2 (relating to genes) or sense 4 (relating to the science of genetics). Typically, "genetic test" means a test that looks at your genes, i.e., of or relating to genes. However, the science of genetics is the field. In many dictionary definitions, "genetic" in "genetic testing" is defined as "relating to genes or heredity" or "relating to genetics". The example given for sense 2: "genic combinations" – "genic" means relating to genes. The example for sense 4 is not given in the prompt, but the definition is "of or relating to the science of genetics". Often, "genetic tests" would be defined as tests involving the study of genes, so relating to genetics. Let's see: if a test is a "genetic test", it is a test that uses genetics. It's not "produced by a gene" but rather "pertaining to the science of genetics". Many dictionaries would have "genetic" as "relating to genetics or genes". The distinction between sense 2 and sense 4 is fine. Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene". A genetic test is a test of genes, so it relates to genes. Sense 4: "of or relating to the science of genetics". A genetic test is a test used in the science of genetics. In common usage, "genetic tests" are tests that analyze genes, so they are directly "of or relating to genes". I'd lean toward sense 2 because the test is looking at genes. However, the phrase "genetic tests" often implies tests that are based on genetics, i.e., the scientific field. Let's consider how these senses are typically split in WordNet or similar resources. WordNet has:
- Sense 1: occurring among members of a family usually by heredity (e.g., "genetic defect")
- Sense 2: of or relating to or produced by or being a gene ("genic combinations", "genetic code")
- Sense 3: pertaining to or referring to origin ("genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work")
- Sense 4: of or relating to the science of genetics ("genetic research")

"Genetic test" would be a test that examines genes. In WordNet, the adjective "genetic" has these senses. The example for sense 4 is "genetic research". "Genetic test" might be categorized under sense 2 because it directly involves genes. But "genetic test" could also be under sense 4 as it relates to the science of genetics. I'll check typical usage: "genetic testing" is often defined as testing that examines genetic material. So it's about genes. Thus sense 2: of or relating to genes. However, the test itself is not "produced by a gene", it's relating to genes. The definition for sense 2 includes "of or relating to ... a gene". That fits. Sense 4 is about the science. A "genetic test" is a test from the field of genetics, so it could be sense 4 too. But the sentence says "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals..." These tests are tests that detect genetic predispositions. They are tests that analyze genes. So they are relating to genes. I'll go with sense 2.

But let's verify if there's a standard assignment. In similar tasks, "genetic test" is often sense 2: of or relating to a gene. Sense 4: "of or relating to the science of genetics" would be more for "genetic research", "genetic counseling", etc. "Genetic test" is a test of genes. I'll choose 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "able" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be <t>able</t> to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim
2. definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | examples=able teachers
3. definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn
4. definition=having a strong healthy body | examples=an able seaman

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'able' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be <t>able</t> to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Senses given:
1. definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim
2. definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | examples=able teachers
3. definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn
4. definition=having a strong healthy body | examples=an able seaman (note: actually "an able seaman" is a specific term, but the definition says "having a strong healthy body")

In the sentence, "able" is followed by "to" and it's about the tests having the necessary means/capability to spot individuals. That matches sense 1: "having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something". Sense 3 is about inherent physical or mental ability, which might apply to people, not tests. Sense 2 is "able teachers" meaning skilled, but not followed by "to". Sense 4 is about a strong healthy body, not relevant. So sense 1 is correct.

I'll output just the number: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "individual" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible <t>individuals</t>, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a single organism

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'individual' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible <t>individuals</t>, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a single organism

We need to determine whether "individuals" here refers to "a human being" (sense 1) or "a single organism" (sense 2). In the context, "cancer-susceptible individuals" clearly refers to people, i.e., human beings. The term "individuals" is used to mean persons. While "a single organism" could technically apply to humans as organisms, the primary sense for human contexts is "a human being". The examples given for sense 1: "there was too much for one person to do" uses "person", reinforcing that sense 1 is about humans. Sense 2 is broader, any single organism. The sentence is about genetic tests for cancer susceptibility, which is a human medical context. Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

Thus, answer: 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "believe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists <t>believe</t> is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'believe' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists <t>believe</t> is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Senses:
1. accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

We need to identify which sense is used in the sentence. The phrase is "what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." Here, "believe" means they think or are of the opinion that it is a new age. It's expressing an opinion or judgment. The sense "judge or regard; look upon; judge" (sense 2) fits well. The example given for sense 2 is "I think he is very smart", which is similar to "scientists believe (that) it is a new age". Sense 1 is more about accepting a statement as true (like believing a report). Sense 3 is about being confident about a future event (I believe he will come back). Sense 4 is religious faith. Sense 5 is about trusting a person's veracity. Here, it's an opinion/judgment, so sense 2.

Thus, the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a <t>new</t> age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'new' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a <t>new</t> age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

We need to choose from the senses 1 to 11. Let's analyze the sentence. The phrase is "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." "New age" here means a period that is just beginning or coming into being, not previously existing. It's about something that hasn't been seen before, an era that is novel or fresh.

Let's check the senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new
8. definition=in use after medieval times
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage
11. definition=unfamiliar

The phrase "a new age" suggests an age that is just beginning, not of long duration, just coming into being. Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being" fits "a new age" meaning an age that is just beginning. Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" could also fit, as a new age could be unprecedented. But "new age" typically means an era that has just started. The example "a new law" matches the structure "a new [period]". Sense 4: "having no previous example or precedent or parallel" is similar but stronger. Often, "new age" is defined as a period just beginning. Let's see the exact wording: "ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." This means the age is emerging, coming into being. The primary sense is "recently come into being". I'd lean towards sense 1. But let's double-check: is there a nuance of "not seen before"? "New age" could also mean a different age from the old one? But sense 5 is "other than the former one(s); different", like "they now have a new leader". The phrase is "a new age", which is not just a replacement but a novel era. I think sense 1 is the most direct: the age has just come into being due to emerging tests. Sense 2 talks about "original and of a kind not seen before", which could apply, but the definition of sense 1 explicitly includes "having just come into being", which is exactly what "ushering in a new age" means. Many dictionaries would put "recently come into being" as the primary sense for such phrases. I'll go with 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "age" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new <t>age</t> of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age
2. definition=an era of history having some distinctive feature | examples=we live in a litigious age
3. definition=a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | examples=she was now of school age
4. definition=a prolonged period of time | examples=we've known each other for ages
5. definition=a late time of life | examples=old age is not for sissies

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new <t>age</t> of predictive cancer diagnosis."

We need to identify which numbered sense of "age" is used. The options are:
1. how long something has existed
2. an era of history having some distinctive feature
3. a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises
4. a prolonged period of time
5. a late time of life

The sentence talks about a "new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." This "age" means a period characterized by a particular feature (predictive cancer diagnosis). It doesn't refer to length of existence, a time of life, a prolonged period, or late life. It aligns with sense 2: "an era of history having some distinctive feature". So the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive <t>cancer</t> diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive <t>cancer</t> diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

"

Clearly, the sentence talks about "predictive cancer diagnosis" related to genetic tests and cancer-susceptible individuals, which refers to the disease. So sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the <t>first</t> beneficiaries of the new findings.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. definition=serving to set in motion | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue
4. definition=serving to begin | examples=the beginning canto of the poem
5. definition=ranking above all others | examples=was first in her class
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'first' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the <t>first</t> beneficiaries of the new findings."

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. definition=serving to set in motion | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue
4. definition=serving to begin | examples=the beginning canto of the poem
5. definition=ranking above all others | examples=was first in her class
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano

We need to select the sense that best matches "first" in "among the first beneficiaries". This means they are among the earliest beneficiaries, the ones who received the findings early in time. "First" here means preceding all others in time, being among the earliest. It does not mean the very first single beneficiary, but "among the first" means in the group that precedes others in time. Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree" fits well. Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series" could also fit, but it's more about ordinal position in a series. However, "among the first" emphasizes being early, preceding others. Sense 1 explicitly includes time. Sense 5 is about ranking, but not about order of receiving benefits. So sense 1 is most appropriate.

Thus answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "beneficiary" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first <t>beneficiaries</t> of the new findings.

Senses:
1. definition=the recipient of funds or other benefits
2. definition=the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'beneficiary' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first <t>beneficiaries</t> of the new findings."

Senses:
1. definition=the recipient of funds or other benefits
2. definition=the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause

We need to select sense 1 or sense 2 based on the usage in the sentence. In the sentence, "beneficiaries of the new findings" means they are people who receive benefits (like advantages, improvements, etc.) from the new findings. They are not a semantic role in linguistics (which is what sense 2 describes: a technical term in grammar/linguistics, "the semantic role of the intended recipient..."). The sentence uses "beneficiaries" in a general sense of people who benefit/receive benefits. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus return "1".