[User]
Which numbered sense of "set" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books
2. definition=(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols | examples=the set of prime numbers is infinite
3. definition=several exercises intended to be done in series | examples=he did four sets of the incline bench press
4. definition=representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production | examples=the sets were meticulously authentic
5. definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | examples=the smart set goes there
6. definition=a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way | examples=the set of his mind was obvious
7. definition=the act of putting something in position | examples=he gave a final set to his hat
8. definition=a unit of play in tennis or squash | examples=they played two sets of tennis after dinner
9. definition=the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization | examples=the hardening of concrete
10. definition=evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris
11. definition=the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon | examples=before the set of sun
12. definition=(psychology) being temporarily ready to respond in a particular way | examples=the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution
13. definition=any electronic equipment that receives or transmits radio or tv signals | examples=the early sets ran on storage batteries

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'set' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses list:

1. a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books
2. (mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols | examples=the set of prime numbers is infinite
3. several exercises intended to be done in series | examples=he did four sets of the incline bench press
4. representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production | examples=the sets were meticulously authentic
5. an unofficial association of people or groups | examples=the smart set goes there
6. a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way | examples=the set of his mind was obvious
7. the act of putting something in position | examples=he gave a final set to his hat
8. a unit of play in tennis or squash | examples=they played two sets of tennis after dinner
9. the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization | examples=the hardening of concrete
10. evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris
11. the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon | examples=before the set of sun
12. (psychology) being temporarily ready to respond in a particular way | examples=the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution
13. any electronic equipment that receives or transmits radio or tv signals | examples=the early sets ran on storage batteries

The sentence uses "set" in "a super-exciting set of discoveries". This refers to a collection or group of discoveries. The meaning aligns with sense 1: "a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used". The example "a set of books" is similar in structure: "a set of [noun]".

Now, I will return only the number: 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "discovery" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of discovering something
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'discovery' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>," says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Wait, the sentence says "discoveries" but the sense list is for "discovery". The word is "discoveries" (plural of discovery). It says "marked with <t></t>". The sentence has <t>discoveries</t>. The question says "Which numbered sense of 'discovery' ...". So we need to match the sense of the plural form "discoveries" to the appropriate definition for the base word "discovery". The plural indicates multiple instances of something.

Let's examine the definitions:
1. definition=the act of discovering something
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case...

The sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

The researcher found a gene (something discovered). The phrase "a set of discoveries" refers to multiple things that were discovered (findings). It's not the act of discovering (sense 1), not a productive insight (sense 3 is a bit vague, but often means an insight or realization), and not law (sense 4). "Something that is discovered" fits perfectly: the gene is a discovery (something discovered), and they are calling it a set of discoveries (maybe including the gene and related findings). So sense 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "<t>says</t> Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

We need to identify which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t> in the sentence? Actually the sentence uses "says" in quotes: "says"). The word is in the context of reporting someone's speech. The sentence structure: "[Quote]," says [Name], [description]. This is a standard reporting verb indicating that the person expressed these words.

Let's look at the senses provided:

1. express in words
2. report or maintain
3. express a supposition
4. have or contain a certain wording or form
5. give instructions to...
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
7. communicate or express nonverbally
8. utter aloud
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
10. recite or repeat a fixed text
11. indicate

Here, "says Bert Vogelstein" is a reporting clause. It means he expressed those words. Sense 1: "express in words" fits. But also sense 8: "utter aloud" could fit. Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" might also fit. Typically, the standard sense for a direct quote attribution like "says [person]" is "express in words" (sense 1) or "utter aloud" (sense 8). However, sense 1 is the most general and direct match: "express in words". The example for sense 1 is "He said that he wanted to marry her", which is indirect speech, but still "express in words". Sense 8 example is "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office", which is direct speech, but it's more about the act of uttering aloud. In journalism, "says" after a quote is simply reporting what someone expressed in words. Often this is sense 1.

Let's check the other senses: 2 is "report or maintain", example: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime". That's more about claiming something, often with a nuance of assertion. But sense 1 is the basic "express in words". The sentence has no nuance of allegation or maintenance, just a neutral reporting of speech. Sense 8 is about the physical act of uttering. But the sentence is not focusing on the act of speaking aloud, but rather conveying the content. So sense 1 seems correct.

I'll double-check if any sense fits better. Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". The quote is an opinion/evaluation ("super-exciting set of discoveries"), so it could be stating an opinion. But often sense 9 is for phrases like "I say we should go". But "declare" could fit. Still, the standard dictionary definition for "say" in this context (used with direct speech) is typically sense 1. Many dictionaries list the direct speech reporting as the primary sense: "to express in words". I'll go with 1.

provider: Fireworks


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'find' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

We need to match the usage of "found" in this sentence to one of the 16 provided senses.

The context: A researcher "has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer." This is a scientific/medical discovery. The researcher discovered or identified a gene that plays a crucial role. The sense should reflect scientific discovery, determining the existence of something.

Let's examine the senses:

1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with (e.g., "We find this idea in Plato") - This is more about encountering an idea or something by chance, not a deliberate scientific discovery.

2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (e.g., "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water") - This fits well: the researcher discovered/determined the existence of a gene pivotal to triggering colon cancer.

3. come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost (e.g., "Did you find your glasses?") - This is about locating a lost item, not a gene discovery in a research context.

4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (e.g., "find the product of two numbers") - This could apply because the researcher found the gene via investigation/study. But sense 2 also applies. "Establish" might imply a calculation or result, but "found a gene" here means discovered its role. Let's check sense 8 and 9.

5. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds - No.

6. perceive or be contemporaneous with - No.

7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose - No.

8. make a discovery, make a new finding (e.g., "Roentgen discovered X-rays") - This is very close: "found a gene" = made a discovery. "Discovered a gene pivotal..."

9. make a discovery (e.g., "She found that he had lied to her") - This is "found that...", discovering a fact. Here it's "found a gene", which is a noun phrase, not a clause. But 9 is "make a discovery" with a clause. 8 says "make a discovery, make a new finding" and gives example "Roentgen discovered X-rays" which is a direct object (a thing discovered). So 8 matches perfectly: "found a gene" = discovered a gene.

Let's compare 2, 4, 8. Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". Example: "She detected high levels of lead..." That's also about discovering the existence. Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" with example "Roentgen discovered X-rays". Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation..." might be more about finding a result, like "find the product". Which is most precise? Typically, in the scientific discovery context, "find" as in "discover" is common. Sense 8 explicitly says "make a discovery, make a new finding" and the example "Roentgen discovered X-rays" directly parallels "found a gene". Sense 2 says "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of", example "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water" – that could also fit, but "detected" implies finding a presence, not necessarily discovering a new gene. In biomedical research, "found a gene" usually means identified/discovered a gene's involvement. Often WordNet or similar sense inventories have a specific sense for scientific discovery. Let's see the list; it looks like it might be from WordNet or a similar dictionary. I'll check typical WordNet senses for "find":

- S1: come upon, as if by accident; meet with
- S2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
- S3: come upon after searching
- S4: establish after a calculation, investigation...
- S5: come to believe...
- S6: perceive or be contemporaneous with
- S7: get something...
- S8: make a discovery, make a new finding (e.g., Roentgen discovered X-rays)
- S9: make a discovery (e.g., She found that he had lied to her)
- S10: obtain through effort...
- S11: decide on and make a declaration about (find guilty)
- S12: receive a specified treatment...
- S13: perceive oneself...
- S14: get or find back; recover
- S15: succeed in reaching; arrive at
- S16: accept and make use...

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" – example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays". That's exactly "discovered X-rays" -> "found a gene". Sense 9: "make a discovery" with example "She found that he had lied to her" – this is for discovering a fact (that-clause). The sentence says "found a gene", not "found that...". So sense 8 is the best match.

Sense 2 is "discover or determine the existence...". The example uses "detected". While it could work, sense 8 is more specifically about making a new finding (like discovering a new gene). In such fine-grained sense disambiguation tasks, the specific sense for scientific discovery is often separated. I'll go with 8.

Double-check: The researcher found a gene pivotal to triggering colon cancer. He made a discovery, a new finding. So, sense 8.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "only" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "<t>Only</t> a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level." The word "Only" is tagged. We need to match the sense of "only" from the provided list of definitions.

Let's analyze the sentence. "Only a decade ago" means as recently as a decade ago. It emphasizes that it was a short time ago. So the meaning is "as recently as". Looking at the senses:
1. and nothing more (merely)
2. without any others being included or involved (entirely)
3. with nevertheless the final result (only to find...)
4. in the final outcome (will only make you more upset)
5. except that
6. never except when
7. as recently as (I spoke to him only an hour ago)

Clearly, sense 7 matches: "as recently as". So the answer is 7.

provider: Baidu


[User]
Which numbered sense of "decade" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a <t>decade</t> ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of 10 years
2. definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

reasoning_content: We are asked to identify which numbered sense of "decade" is used in the sentence. The word is tagged with <t>decade</t>. The sentence: "Only a <t>decade</t> ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level." Senses provided: 1. a period of 10 years; 2. the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system. Clearly, "a decade ago" refers to a period of 10 years. So sense 1 is used. Return only the number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago <t>cancer</t> was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Only a decade ago <t>cancer</t> was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

The sentence says "cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level." This refers to the disease cancer. Sense 1 matches. So answer: 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we <t>knew</t> nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which sense of "know" (marked with <t>) is used in the sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we <t>knew</t> nothing at the molecular level."

We have to return only the number of the correct sense from the provided list.

Let's analyze the sentence: "knew nothing at the molecular level" – meaning we had no knowledge or information about cancer at the molecular level. It's about possessing knowledge or information about a fact/specific piece of information. That aligns with sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about". The example given: "I know that the President lied to the people" – but here it's "knew nothing about something", which fits the idea of possessing knowledge about a topic. Sense 4 is about familiarity with a person or object; cancer is not a person, but could be an object? However, "knew nothing at the molecular level" is about factual knowledge, not familiarity with cancer as an entity. Sense 1 is the most direct: possessing knowledge or information about something. Also, sense 5 is "firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" – not quite. Sense 9: "know the nature or character of" – example: "we all knew her as a big show-off." That could be close, but "knew nothing at the molecular level" is about factual knowledge, not character. So, sense 1 is best.

Thus, the answer is 1.

provider: Alibaba


[User]
Which numbered sense of "molecular" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the <t>molecular</t> level.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules | examples=molecular structure
2. definition=relating to simple or elementary organization; --G.A. Miller | examples=proceed by more and more detailed analysis to the molecular facts of perception

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'molecular' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the <t>molecular</t> level."

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules | examples=molecular structure
2. definition=relating to simple or elementary organization; --G.A. Miller | examples=proceed by more and more detailed analysis to the molecular facts of perception

We need to pick the sense that best fits the usage in the sentence. The sentence says "at the molecular level" in the context of cancer. We know that cancer research involves studying molecules like DNA, proteins, etc. So "molecular level" refers to the level of molecules, i.e., relating to molecules. That matches sense 1. Sense 2 is about simple or elementary organization, used in a more abstract or psychological context (e.g., "molecular facts of perception"). That doesn't fit here. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "level" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular <t>level</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence
2. definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness
4. definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level
5. definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid
6. definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | examples=park the car on the level
7. definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels
8. definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | examples=what level is the office on?

reasoning_content: We need to map the usage: "at the molecular level". The sentence: "...about which we knew nothing at the molecular level." This means the level of detail or scale, like considering something at the molecular scale. Among the senses, sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" with example "a remarkable degree of frankness". That seems closest to "level" meaning a particular scale or resolution. Sense 1: position on a scale of intensity/amount/quality (e.g., moderate grade of intelligence) might also be plausible, but "molecular level" is more about a level of analysis (continuum from atomic, molecular, cellular, etc.). Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" like "communicates on several levels". That's metaphorical level of meaning or complexity. "Molecular level" is a specific identifiable position in a continuum (from subatomic to macroscopic). So sense 3 fits best. Sense 1 is also about scale but more about intensity/amount? "Molecular level" isn't intensity/amount; it's scale of observation. Sense 3 says "especially in a process" – scientific process? It's a degree of resolution. I'd go with 3. Let's double-check: Sense 3 definition: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness". That works for "at the molecular level" meaning at that point in the continuum from macroscopic to atomic. So I'll output 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "today" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Today</t>, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today
2. definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of "today" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "<t>Today</t>, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today
2. definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful

We need to return only the number of the correct sense.

The sentence uses "Today" as an adverb or introductory phrase meaning "nowadays", "in the present age", not referring to the specific day. So it matches sense 1: the present time or age.

Answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we <t>know</t> that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'know' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we <t>know</t> that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

We need to match the usage. The sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state." Here "know" is followed by a that-clause expressing a fact or piece of information. It's about being aware of a fact: "we know that...". Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" with example "I know that the President lied to the people" matches perfectly. Sense 3 is similar but emphasizes belief/faith, regarding as true beyond any doubt. The example is "I know that I left the key on the table" – that's more about being convinced of a truth. The scientific context "we know that" is standard factual knowledge, which aligns with sense 1. Both 1 and 3 involve knowing that something is the case. But sense 1 explicitly says "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about". The example for sense 1 uses "know that...", same structure. Sense 3 is "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt". The sentence is a scientific fact, so it's factual knowledge. Typically, in such sense disambiguation tasks, "know that" for factual information is sense 1. I'll go with 1.

Check: The sentence does not imply firsthand knowledge (5), acquaintance (4), skill (2), etc. It's clearly sense 1. So answer: 1.

provider: Parasail


[User]
Which numbered sense of "accumulation" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the <t>accumulation</t> of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=an increase by natural growth or addition
2. definition=several things grouped together or considered as a whole
3. definition=the act of accumulating
4. definition=(finance) profits that are not paid out as dividends but are added to the capital base of the corporation

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'accumulation' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Today, we know that the <t>accumulation</t> of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

Senses:
1. definition=an increase by natural growth or addition
2. definition=several things grouped together or considered as a whole
3. definition=the act of accumulating
4. definition=(finance) profits that are not paid out as dividends but are added to the capital base of the corporation

We need to pick the correct sense number. Let's analyze the sentence. "accumulation of several of these altered genes" – here, "accumulation" refers to the process or the result of gathering together. It's not finance (sense 4). It could be "an increase by natural growth or addition" (sense 1), or "several things grouped together or considered as a whole" (sense 2), or "the act of accumulating" (sense 3). The phrase "accumulation of several of these altered genes" likely refers to the gathering or build-up of these genes over time, leading to cancer. In genetics, accumulation of mutations/genes means the process of acquiring or building up a collection. "The act of accumulating" fits well. Sense 2 refers to the collection itself (the accumulated mass). Sense 1 emphasizes increase by natural growth. But "accumulation of several... genes" seems more like the process of gathering them (act of accumulating) or the resulting collection. Usually, "accumulation" in such contexts means the process of gradually gathering or increasing in number. Let's see sense 3: "the act of accumulating". "Accumulation of several... genes" - the act of accumulating these genes? That makes sense: the process of accumulating altered genes can initiate cancer. Sense 2: "several things grouped together or considered as a whole" would be like "an accumulation of debris". Which one is more precise? Let's check typical dictionary definitions.
- Sense 1: an increase by natural growth or addition (e.g., accumulation of interest)
- Sense 2: several things grouped together or considered as a whole (a mass, pile)
- Sense 3: the act of accumulating (the process)

In the sentence, "the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer" – it could be interpreted as "the fact that several of these altered genes are accumulated (gathered together) in a cell" or "the process of accumulating them". I think it's the process/act of accumulating, or it could be the presence of the collection. Often, "accumulation" when used with "of" and a process like cancer initiation refers to the build-up. Many scientific writings: "the accumulation of mutations" means the process of accumulating. However, "an accumulation of mutations" can also mean a collection. Because it says "the accumulation of several... genes", it likely means the process of gathering them. Let's see if there's a standard answer. I'd lean toward sense 3 (the act of accumulating) because it's an action that initiates cancer. But sense 2 could also be argued. Wait, the definitions provided:
1. an increase by natural growth or addition (e.g., accumulation of wealth)
2. several things grouped together or considered as a whole (e.g., an accumulation of papers)
3. the act of accumulating (e.g., the accumulation of evidence)
4. finance...

"The accumulation of several of these altered genes" – is it the act or the resulting group? "Can initiate a cancer" suggests the process or the state of having accumulated them. Usually, "accumulation" in biology (e.g., accumulation of mutations) refers to the process of building up. But sometimes it's used as "a collection". Let's check: "the accumulation of several of these altered genes" - "several" modifies "genes", so it's "the accumulation of [several of these altered genes]". I think it's more like sense 2: a group/collection. "The accumulation of several genes" = the group of several genes that have accumulated. However, if it says "the accumulation of several genes can initiate", it's the fact that they are accumulated (the presence of the group) that initiates cancer. In many dictionaries, "accumulation" can mean a mass or quantity that has piled up. For example, Merriam-Webster: 1. something that has accumulated or has been accumulated (an accumulation of dirt). 2. the action or process of accumulating. 3. increase or growth by addition. The sentence: "the accumulation of several of these altered genes" – "accumulation" here is the collection? Or the process? Let's read carefully: "we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer". It implies that when several of these genes are accumulated (i.e., when a cell has accumulated them), cancer can start. That could be the act/process of accumulating them over time. Actually, it's often the "accumulation" as the presence of multiple mutations. I'd say it's sense 2: several things grouped together or considered as a whole. But wait, sense 2 says "several things grouped together or considered as a whole", meaning the pile/collection itself. That fits: an accumulation of genes = a collection of genes. Sense 3 is the act, which might be more about the process. The phrase "accumulation of several... genes" can be interpreted as "the act of accumulating several genes" or "a collection of several genes". In context, cancer biologists say "accumulation of mutations" to mean the build-up process, but also the resulting set. Often, it's defined as "the process of accumulating". Let's see typical dictionary examples: "the accumulation of wealth" could be process or pile. But usually, "accumulation" in this context is sense 3 or sense 1? "Increase by natural growth" doesn't fit perfectly because genes don't naturally grow; they accumulate by mutations. So sense 1 is not right. Sense 4 is finance. Between 2 and 3: "the accumulation of several... genes" – "several" suggests a number of things, so it's a collection. If it were sense 3, it would be "the accumulating of several genes" or "the accumulation of genes (process)". Both are possible. I think many dictionary definitions list "a mass or quantity that has accumulated" as one sense, and "the process" as another. In this exact phrasing, I'd pick sense 2 (the group) because it's "the accumulation of several genes" where "several" quantifies the group. But let's think: could it be sense 3? "The act of accumulating" - the act of accumulating several genes? It's a bit awkward: "the act of accumulating several genes can initiate cancer". The act itself? No, it's the presence of the accumulated genes that does it, or the process over time. Usually, "accumulation" in science means the net result of increased levels. I'll go with sense 2 because it's the "grouped together" meaning. Let's see if there's a more definitive answer. I recall similar questions from NLP datasets like Word Sense Disambiguation. For "accumulation", often the "mass" sense is used for "accumulation of things", and "process" for "accumulation of wealth" when it's about the action. "Accumulation of several genes" – "several" indicates a countable collection. So sense 2: several things grouped together or considered as a whole. I'll go with 2.

But wait, the sentence: "we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer". If I replace with sense 2: "we know that the several things grouped together or considered as a whole of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer" – that's redundant "several things ... of several". Sense 2 definition: "several things grouped together or considered as a whole". So "accumulation" = a collection/group. Then "the accumulation of several of these altered genes" = the group of several of these altered genes. That makes sense: the group (the set) of altered genes initiates cancer. Sense 3: "the act of accumulating" – "the act of accumulating of several..." is a bit off, you'd say "the act of accumulating several...". The word "accumulation" can mean the process, but then it's usually followed by the things being accumulated without "several" maybe? "The accumulation of wealth" (process). "The accumulation of several genes" – "several" points to the items, so it's a collection. I'll pick 2.

But let's double-check: sense 1: an increase by natural growth or addition. Could be? An increase (in number) of these altered genes. But "increase" implies they are multiplying? Altered genes accumulate through mutations, not natural growth. So probably not 1.

Thus, I'll answer 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "altered" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these <t>altered</t> genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=changed in form or character without becoming something else; ; ; - Charles Dickens | examples=the altered policy promised success
2. definition=having testicles or ovaries removed
3. definition=changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose | examples=seeds precisely adapted to the area

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'altered' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these <t>altered</t> genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

Senses provided:
1. changed in form or character without becoming something else; ; ; - Charles Dickens | examples=the altered policy promised success
2. having testicles or ovaries removed
3. changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose | examples=seeds precisely adapted to the area

We need to determine which sense fits the context of "altered genes". In biology, altered genes usually refer to genes that have undergone a mutation or change. They are not necessarily "changed in order to improve" (sense 3) – mutations are often random, not purposefully improved. Sense 1 says "changed in form or character without becoming something else", which fits a gene that has mutated but is still a gene. Sense 2 is about spaying/neutering, not applicable. So sense 1 seems correct. The example "the altered policy promised success" also suggests a change that doesn't fundamentally transform the thing into something else. Altered genes are still genes, just changed. Thus, answer is 1.

provider: WandB


[User]
Which numbered sense of "initiate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can <t>initiate</t> a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=bring into being | examples=He initiated a new program
2. definition=take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of | examples=This South African surgeon pioneered heart transplants
3. definition=accept people into an exclusive society or group, usually with some rite | examples=African men are initiated when they reach puberty
4. definition=bring up a topic for discussion
5. definition=set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for | examples=Hitler's attack on Poland led up to World War II

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'initiate' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can <t>initiate</t> a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

Senses:
1. definition=bring into being | examples=He initiated a new program
2. definition=take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of | examples=This South African surgeon pioneered heart transplants
3. definition=accept people into an exclusive society or group, usually with some rite | examples=African men are initiated when they reach puberty
4. definition=bring up a topic for discussion
5. definition=set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for | examples=Hitler's attack on Poland led up to World War II

We need to match the meaning in context. The sentence says: "accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state." So "initiate" here means to start or cause something to begin. "Bring into being" (sense 1) fits: it starts the cancer. Sense 5 says "set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for", which also seems similar. But let's see the distinction: "bring into being" is to create or start something (like a new program), while "set in motion, start an event" might be more about causing a chain of events. The example for 5 is "Hitler's attack on Poland led up to World War II", meaning it was a cause that led to a larger event. However, the sentence says "initiate a cancer", which is directly creating or starting the cancer, not just leading up to it. Sense 1: "bring into being" with example "He initiated a new program" is about starting something new. That seems more appropriate: the altered genes bring the cancer into being. Sense 5 might be more about initiating a process that results in something else. But "initiate a cancer" is directly starting cancer. Usually, "initiate" in context of diseases means to cause to begin. Both 1 and 5 are close. We need to choose one. Let's examine the definitions more carefully:

1. bring into being – start something that didn't exist.
5. set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for – could be similar, but "prepare the way for" implies not necessarily directly starting the event itself.

In the sentence, the genes initiate a cancer – they directly cause the cancer to start. That's "bring into being". So sense 1 seems correct.

Let's verify: "He initiated a new program" means he started it. Compare "accumulation of genes can initiate a cancer" – they cause the cancer to come into existence. So sense 1 fits best.

Thus, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a <t>cancer</t> and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'cancer' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a <t>cancer</t> and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

The sentence is about altered genes initiating a cancer and propelling it into a deadly state. This clearly refers to the disease, sense 1. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "then" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, <t>then</t>, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | examples=then he left
2. definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?
3. definition=at that time | examples=I was young then

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'then' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, <t>then</t>, propel it into a deadly state."

Senses:
1. subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | examples: then he left
2. in that case or as a consequence | examples: if he didn't take it, then who did?
3. at that time | examples: I was young then

We need to pick the sense that matches the usage of "then" in the sentence. The sentence says: "... can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state." Here "then" indicates a sequence: first initiate, then propel. So it's used as "subsequently or soon afterward". That matches sense 1. Sense 2 is "in that case or as a consequence" which often follows a condition. Sense 3 is "at that time". So the correct sense is 1.

Thus the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "propel" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, <t>propel</t> it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=cause to move forward with force | examples=Steam propels this ship
2. definition=give an incentive for action | examples=This moved me to sacrifice my career

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

We need to choose the correct numbered sense of "propel" from two given senses.

Sense 1: "cause to move forward with force" (example: Steam propels this ship)
Sense 2: "give an incentive for action" (example: This moved me to sacrifice my career)

In the sentence, "propel it into a deadly state" refers to pushing the cancer into a deadly state. It's a figurative use, but it's about causing something to move forward or progress into a state, not about giving an incentive for action (which would typically apply to motivating a person or entity to act). "Propel" here means to drive or push forward. The definition "cause to move forward with force" fits this figurative extension (moving a condition into a more severe state). So sense 1 is appropriate.

The sentence doesn't involve giving an incentive for action. So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "deadly" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a <t>deadly</t> state. "

Senses:
1. definition=causing or capable of causing death | examples=a fatal accident
2. definition=of an instrument of certain death | examples=deadly poisons
3. definition=extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom | examples=venomous snakes
4. definition=involving loss of divine grace or spiritual death | examples=the seven deadly sins
5. definition=exceedingly harmful
6. definition=(of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'deadly' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a <t>deadly</t> state."

Senses:
1. definition=causing or capable of causing death | examples=a fatal accident
2. definition=of an instrument of certain death | examples=deadly poisons
3. definition=extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom | examples=venomous snakes
4. definition=involving loss of divine grace or spiritual death | examples=the seven deadly sins
5. definition=exceedingly harmful
6. definition=(of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect

We need to pick the number that matches the usage. "Deadly state" refers to a state of cancer that is deadly, meaning causing or capable of causing death. Sense 1: causing or capable of causing death. Sense 6 is specifically about a disease having a rapid course and violent effect. Cancer is a disease, so sense 6 might also fit. But "propel it into a deadly state" could refer to the state being lethal, not necessarily emphasizing rapid course. Let's evaluate: Sense 1 is general "causing death". Sense 6 is "of a disease, having a rapid course and violent effect". The sentence is about cancer being propelled into a deadly state. The "deadly" modifies "state", presumably meaning the cancer becomes lethal, causing death. It doesn't explicitly mention rapid course. The context might be that the accumulation of altered genes makes the cancer aggressive and lethal. But sense 1 is likely the best fit because it's the primary definition. However, sense 6 is a specific medical definition: "(of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect". In medical contexts, "deadly" could be used that way. But the sentence says "propel it into a deadly state", which might imply that the cancer becomes deadly (lethal). I think sense 1 is more general. Sense 5 is "exceedingly harmful". That could also fit but deadly usually means causing death in this context. Since it's a multiple choice from WordNet senses, sense 1 is "causing or capable of causing death". That's the most direct meaning. Sense 6 is specific to diseases with rapid course. The sentence doesn't mention rapid course. So I'll go with 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly <t>state</t>. "

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | examples=the state has elected a new president
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | examples=he returned to the land of his birth
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which numbered sense of the word "state" is used in the sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly <t>state</t>."

The senses provided are:
1. territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation (e.g., his state is in the deep south)
2. the way something is with respect to its main attributes (e.g., the current state of knowledge)
3. the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state (e.g., the state has lowered its income tax)
4. a politically organized body of people under a single government (e.g., the state has elected a new president)
5. (chemistry) the three traditional states of matter ... (e.g., the solid state of water is called ice)
6. a state of depression or agitation (e.g., he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him)
7. the territory occupied by a nation (e.g., he returned to the land of his birth)
8. the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies (e.g., the Department of State was created in 1789)

In the sentence, "a deadly state" refers to a condition or mode of being. "State" here means a condition, status, or attribute of something (in this case, the cancer). The phrase "propel it into a deadly state" means pushing the cancer into a dangerous condition. This matches sense 2: "the way something is with respect to its main attributes" (e.g., "the current state of knowledge"). Sense 6 is "a state of depression or agitation", which is a specific kind of state, but here "deadly state" is a more general condition; however sense 6 is more about emotional or mental agitation, while sense 2 is the broadest condition/attribute sense. The sentence uses "state" to mean a condition. Sense 2 is the most directly applicable: the condition or attribute of the cancer. Sense 6 refers to a state of depression or agitation, which doesn't fit "deadly state" in the context of cancer progression (deadly state = fatal condition, not emotional agitation). So sense 2 is the correct one.

Thus, the answer is 2.

provider: NextBit


[User]
Which numbered sense of "call" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists <t>call</t> the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | examples=I tried to call you all night
4. definition=utter a sudden loud cry | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle
5. definition=order, request, or command to come | examples=She was called into the director's office
6. definition=pay a brief visit | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'
8. definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!
10. definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'
13. definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. definition=demand payment of (a loan) | examples=Call a loan
15. definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | examples=He called his trump
16. definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance
17. definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty
25. definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name
26. definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'call' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "Scientists <t>call</t> the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes."

We need to match the usage of "call" in this sentence to one of the numbered senses provided.

The sentence: Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors... This means they give them the name "tumor-suppressors" or label them as such. The pattern is "call X Y" where Y is a name/label for X.

Looking at the senses:

1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
   - Here "call" is used for naming. The example uses "named", but "call" can also be used this way. The definition says "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". In our sentence, they are assigning the name "tumor-suppressors" to the new class of genes. This fits.

2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
   - This is like calling someone a name that is a common noun reflecting a quality, often with judgment (like "bastard"). Tumor-suppressor is a common noun? It's a compound term, but it's a name for a class. It might be considered a "common noun" that reflects a quality (they suppress tumors). But the first sense is about "proper name", and this one is about "common noun reflecting a quality". Tumor-suppressors is a common noun (not proper name like David). In the sentence, it's a class name, not a proper name. However, sense 1 says "usually proper". But it also says "assign a specified ... proper name". The example is a proper name. Sense 2 explicitly says "give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality". The example "He called me a bastard" is using "call" + object + noun phrase. That matches the structure "call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors" where "tumor-suppressors" is a common noun. But "tumor-suppressors" might be a technical term, but it's a common noun. Also, sense 2: "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality". Gene class name reflects a quality (they suppress tumors). So sense 2 might be more appropriate because it's not a proper name, it's a descriptive common noun.

Let's examine other senses:

3. telephone - no
4. utter a cry - no
5. order to come - no
6. visit - no
7. call a meeting - no
8. call roll - no
9. send message - no
10. animal cry - no
11. postpone - no
12. greet with title - "He always addresses me with 'Sir'". This is similar: using a title to address someone. But here it's not greeting; it's naming a class.
13. ship stop - no
14. demand payment - no
15. demand in cards - no
16. square dance - no
17. indicate decision - no
18. predict - no
19. bond - no
20. challenge - no
21. declare as umpire - no
22. lure - no
23. order strike - no
24. summon for duty - no
25. utter loudly - no
26. challenge truthfulness - no
27. consider or regard as being - "I would not call her beautiful". This is "call" + object + adjective. Our sentence is "call" + object + noun. "call her beautiful" is regarding as a quality. "call the genes tumor-suppressors" is giving a name/classification. Is it "consider or regard as being"? "Scientists consider/regard the new class of genes as tumor-suppressors" works. So 27 is a candidate.
28. rouse from sleep - no.

We need to decide among 1, 2, 12, 27.

Sentence: "Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes."

Structure: call + object + noun phrase (complement). The noun phrase is a name/label.

Sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". The example: "They named their son David". Here "call" is synonymous with "name". In "Scientists call the genes tumor-suppressors", it's not a proper name (like David), but it's assigning a name. However, sense 1 specifies "proper name". "Tumor-suppressors" is not a proper name; it's a common noun.

Sense 2: "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality". The example: "He called me a bastard". "Bastard" is a common noun reflecting a quality. "Tumor-suppressors" is also a common noun reflecting a quality (they suppress tumors). This seems exactly right: giving a name to a class of genes, the name being a common noun that describes their function.

Sense 27: "consider or regard as being". Example: "I would not call her beautiful". That's with an adjective. Could it be used with a noun? "I would not call her a friend." That might fall under 2 or 27. The definition of 27 says "consider or regard as being", which is more about opinion or evaluation, and it often uses an adjective, but can use a noun phrase. However, the presence of sense 2, which specifically mentions "give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality", seems tailored for this. "Tumor-suppressors" is a name reflecting a quality. Also, sense 1 is for proper names. So 2 is the best fit.

Let's double-check: In WordNet, "call" has many senses. The specific sense "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" is "call" meaning to name someone/something with a proper name. The sense "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" is like "call someone a liar", "call someone a hero". That's exactly "Scientists call the genes tumor-suppressors". So the answer should be 2.

Thus, the number is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the <t>new</t> class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'new' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the <t>new</t> class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. ... (and so on)
..."

Let's analyze the sentence: "Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes." The word "new" modifies "class of genes". It means recently discovered or identified. Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just come into being or been made or acquired or discovered". Example: "a new law". That perfectly matches: a newly discovered class of genes. Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" - this could also be a candidate if it's a novel class, but sense 1 emphasizes recent discovery, which is typical for scientific contexts. However, "new" in "new class of genes" usually means newly identified/discovered. Sense 1 explicitly includes "discovered". Sense 2 focuses on originality/novelty. But "new class" generally means recently discovered. I think sense 1 is the most direct. Let's check if any other fits: sense 5 "other than the former one(s); different", etc. No. So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "class" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the new <t>class</t> of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | examples=there are two classes of detergents
2. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
3. definition=people having the same social, economic, or educational status | examples=the working class
4. definition=education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings | examples=he took a course in basket weaving
5. definition=a league ranked by quality | examples=he played baseball in class D for two years
6. definition=a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97
7. definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
8. definition=elegance in dress or behavior | examples=she has a lot of class

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'class' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the new <t>class</t> of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | examples=there are two classes of detergents
2. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
3. definition=people having the same social, economic, or educational status | examples=the working class
4. definition=education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings | examples=he took a course in basket weaving
5. definition=a league ranked by quality | examples=he played baseball in class D for two years
6. definition=a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97
7. definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
8. definition=elegance in dress or behavior | examples=she has a lot of class"

We need to match the usage in the sentence: "Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors..." Here, "class" refers to a category or group of genes sharing common attributes. This aligns with sense 1: "a collection of things sharing a common attribute". The example given is "there are two classes of detergents", which is analogous. Note that sense 7 is a specific biological taxonomic group, but in biology, "class" is a rank like mammals, insects, etc. The phrase "class of genes" is not a formal taxonomic rank; it's just a category. So the correct answer is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "simply" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or <t>simply</t> anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=absolutely | examples=I just can't take it anymore
3. definition=absolutely; altogether; really | examples=we are simply broke
4. definition=in a simple manner; without extravagance or embellishment | examples=she was dressed plainly

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which numbered sense of "simply" fits the given sentence. The sentence: "Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or <t>simply</t> anti-cancer genes."

Let's read the senses:
1. "and nothing more" (example: "I was merely asking")
2. "absolutely" (example: "I just can't take it anymore")
3. "absolutely; altogether; really" (example: "we are simply broke")
4. "in a simple manner; without extravagance or embellishment" (example: "she was dressed plainly")

Now, interpret the sentence: "Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes." Here, "simply" is used to mean "in other words, more simply put" or "just" as in "merely". It's offering a simpler, alternative name: "anti-cancer genes". It suggests that they are called that as a simpler term. It's not "absolutely" or "altogether", nor is it about manner of dressing. It's closest to sense 1: "and nothing more" / "merely". The example: "I was merely asking" uses "merely", which is synonymous with "simply" in the sense of "just, only". In the sentence, "or simply anti-cancer genes" means "or just anti-cancer genes", i.e., and nothing more than that. So sense 1. The others don't fit: 2 and 3 are intensifiers (absolutely), 4 is about manner. So the answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "function" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When <t>functioning</t> normally, they make proteins that hold a cell's growth in check.

Senses:
1. definition=perform as expected when applied | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in
2. definition=serve a purpose, role, or function | examples=The tree stump serves as a table
3. definition=perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function | examples=His wife officiated as his private secretary

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'function' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "When <t>functioning</t> normally, they make proteins that hold a cell's growth in check."

Senses:
1. definition=perform as expected when applied | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in
2. definition=serve a purpose, role, or function | examples=The tree stump serves as a table
3. definition=perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function | examples=His wife officiated as his private secretary

We need to identify which sense of "functioning" is used. "Functioning" is the present participle of "function". In the sentence: "When functioning normally, they make proteins..." Here, "they" likely refers to cells or something biological. "Functioning normally" means operating or working in the expected way. Sense 1: "perform as expected when applied" fits: they function normally, meaning they operate as they are supposed to. Sense 2: "serve a purpose, role, or function" might also fit, but the phrase "functioning normally" suggests a manner of operation, not just serving a purpose. Sense 3 is about performing duties of a particular office, like a person's role. The context is biological cells, not a person's job. So sense 1 is most appropriate.

Check definitions:
1. perform as expected when applied. Example: washing machine won't go unless plugged in. That's about functioning properly.
2. serve a purpose, role, or function. Example: tree stump serves as a table. That's about having a function, not "functioning" as a verb describing operation. In the sentence, "functioning" is an activity: they are making proteins while functioning normally. So it's sense 1.

Thus, answer is 1.

provider: GMICloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hold" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When functioning normally, they make proteins that <t>hold</t> a cell's growth in check.

Senses:
1. definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | examples=keep clean
2. definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please
3. definition=organize or be responsible for | examples=hold a reception
4. definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank
5. definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | examples=take for granted
6. definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | examples=bear a grudge
7. definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains
8. definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit
9. definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | examples=She bears the title of Duchess
10. definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | examples=The beam holds up the roof
11. definition=contain or hold; have within | examples=The jar carries wine
12. definition=have room for; hold without crowding | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests
13. definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held
14. definition=support or hold in a certain manner | examples=She holds her head high
15. definition=be valid, applicable, or true | examples=This theory still holds
16. definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
17. definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises
18. definition=be capable of holding or containing | examples=This box won't take all the items
19. definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight
20. definition=protect against a challenge or attack | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!
21. definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | examples=He's held by a contract
22. definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience
23. definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
24. definition=resist or confront with resistance | examples=The politician defied public opinion
25. definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | examples=The same laws apply to you!
26. definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
27. definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | examples=moderate your alcohol intake
28. definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi
29. definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
30. definition=cause to stop | examples=Halt the engines
31. definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate
32. definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | examples=He can hold his liquor
33. definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
34. definition=declare to be | examples=She was declared incompetent
35. definition=be in accord; be in agreement | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement
36. definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'hold' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: When functioning normally, they make proteins that <t>hold</t> a cell's growth in check.

We need to find which sense fits the phrase "hold a cell's growth in check".
The phrase "hold in check" means to restrain, keep under control, limit.
Let's check the definitions:

1. keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean" - "hold a cell's growth in check" means keeping growth in check, so state? But there might be a more specific one.
2. have or hold in one's hands - no.
3. organize or be responsible for - no.
4. have or possess - no.
5. keep in mind or convey - no.
6. maintain (a theory, thoughts, feelings) - no.
7. to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement - "This holds the local until the express passengers change trains" - this is about holding back movement. Could fit "hold in check" meaning restrain.
8. secure and keep for possible future use - no.
9. have rightfully - no.
10. be the physical support of - no.
11. contain or hold; have within - no.
12. have room for - no.
13. remain in a certain state - no.
14. support or hold in a certain manner - no.
15. be valid - no.
16. assert or affirm - no.
17. have as a major characteristic - no.
18. be capable of holding or containing - no.
19. arrange for and reserve - no.
20. protect against a challenge or attack - no.
21. bind by an obligation - no.
22. hold the attention of - no.
23. remain committed to - no.
24. resist or confront with resistance - no.
25. be pertinent or relevant - no.
26. stop dealing with - no.
27. lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits - "moderate your alcohol intake". This seems perfect: "hold in check" means restrain, keep within limits. Definition 27: "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits" matches "hold a cell's growth in check" meaning to keep growth within limits, restrain it.
28. keep from departing - no.
29. take and maintain control over - no.
30. cause to stop - could be, but "halt" is more abrupt stop; "hold in check" is more like restrain/limit.
31. cover as for protection - no.
32. drink alcohol without showing ill effects - no.
33. aim, point, or direct - no.
34. declare to be - no.
35. be in accord - no.
36. keep from exhaling - no.

So sense 27 seems most appropriate: "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits". The example "moderate your alcohol intake" aligns with restraining. "hold a cell's growth in check" means to keep it under control, restrain it. Sense 7 is "to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement" but the example is about holding a train, physical movement. Growth is not necessarily movement; it's about limiting intensity. Sense 27 explicitly says "hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits". So 27 is the best match. Let's double-check. The sentence: "make proteins that hold a cell's growth in check." This is idiomatic: "hold in check" = restrain, keep under control. So 27.

Thus answer is 27.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When functioning normally, they make proteins that hold a <t>cell</t>'s growth in check.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify which sense of "cell" is used in the sentence: "When functioning normally, they make proteins that hold a <t>cell</t>'s growth in check."

We need to output only the number.

The sentence mentions proteins holding a cell's growth in check. "They" likely refers to certain genes or mechanisms. The context involves biology, proteins, growth of a cell. This matches sense 2: the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

Thus the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When functioning normally, they make proteins that hold a cell's <t>growth</t> in check.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | examples=the increase in unemployment
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

reasoning_content:
We are asked to identify the numbered sense of "growth" used in the sentence: "When functioning normally, they make proteins that hold a cell's <t>growth</t> in check." We need to return only the number. The senses are:

1. (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples: he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children

2. a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples: the growth of culture

3. a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | examples: the increase in unemployment

4. vegetation that has grown | examples: a growth of trees

5. the gradual beginning or coming forth | examples: figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece

6. (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)

7. something grown or growing | examples: a growth of hair

The sentence says: "they make proteins that hold a cell's growth in check." "They" likely refer to some proteins that control cell growth. In cell biology, "cell growth" usually means the increase in size or number (proliferation) of cells. But sense 1 is specifically about an organism growing organically, not necessarily cellular level? But then there is sense 6: abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor). But the sentence says "hold a cell's growth in check", implying that these proteins are normal regulators, so they hold in check the cell's growth, i.e., prevent it from growing uncontrollably. So it's about the process of cell division or cell growth. Sense 1 is biological, but it mentions "individual organism" not cell. Sense 6 is specifically pathological proliferation. But the context seems to be about normal functioning proteins that control growth, so it's not necessarily pathological. However, sense 6 is "abnormal proliferation", but the proteins might hold that in check, i.e., they are tumor suppressors. That fits perfectly: they hold cell growth in check, meaning they prevent abnormal proliferation. So sense 6 could be the intended meaning. Let's examine all:

- Sense 1: "biology" tag, process of an individual organism growing. Not specifically about cells.
- Sense 2: progression to more complex forms.
- Sense 3: process of becoming larger or more numerous.
- Sense 4: vegetation.
- Sense 5: gradual beginning.
- Sense 6: (pathology) abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor).
- Sense 7: something grown or growing.

In the sentence: "hold a cell's growth in check", the phrase "cell's growth" suggests the growth of a single cell, i.e., the cell's own growth. In biology, "cell growth" usually refers to the process of cells increasing in size or number. The phrase "hold in check" implies restraining growth, perhaps preventing uncontrolled division, which is exactly what tumor suppressors do. So sense 6 seems appropriate because it specifically refers to "abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". But wait, does the sentence imply that the growth itself is pathological? The proteins hold it in check, meaning they prevent it from becoming abnormal. So "growth" here could be the normal process of cell growth that, if not kept in check, leads to abnormal proliferation. The sense definition for sense 6 is "abnormal proliferation", which is the result of unchecked growth. But the phrase "cell's growth" is neutral, it doesn't inherently mean abnormal. However, in the context of "hold in check", it's often referring to uncontrolled growth. Many cell biology resources refer to "cell growth" as an increase in cell mass and division, and "hold cell growth in check" is a phrase used for growth regulation. I need to determine which sense is the closest.

Check the word "growth" with the tag in the sentence. It's marked with <t>, so we need to find the sense that matches "cell's growth". Sense 6 is specifically about abnormal tissue proliferation, often used for tumors. But in the sentence, the proteins are holding growth in check, which might be the normal growth process, preventing it from going out of control. The sense for that would be "a process of becoming larger" (sense 3) or specifically "the process of an individual organism growing" (sense 1). However, sense 1 is about "organism", not cells. Sense 3 is about "process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous", which could apply to a cell's growth. So which one? Often in WordNet, "growth" for cells might be sense 3. Let's search my memory: WordNet senses for "growth":
1. (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically...
2. a progression from simpler to more complex forms...
3. a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous...
4. vegetation that has grown...
5. the gradual beginning or coming forth...
6. (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)...
7. something grown or growing...

I know that in many vocabulary exercises, "hold cell growth in check" is often associated with sense 6 because it directly involves tumor-related growth. But let's check: sense 3 examples include "the increase in unemployment..." It's a general process of increase. The sentence is "hold a cell's growth in check", which refers to restraining the cell's tendency to grow uncontrollably, i.e., abnormal proliferation. So sense 6's "abnormal proliferation" is directly on point because the proteins are holding that abnormal proliferation in check. But technically the word "growth" in the sentence isn't inherently abnormal; it's just "growth". However, the phrase "hold in check" indicates it's growth that might otherwise become unchecked, implying pathological potential. So sense 6 might be what the question expects.

Alternatively, maybe it's sense 1, but sense 1 explicitly says "individual organism". Cells are part of an organism, but the sense is about the whole organism. Sense 3 could be generic. But I suspect that in medical/cell biology context, "cell growth" is often considered either sense3 or sense6. I need to choose one.

The question is from an exercise where the user must select the numbered sense. I should think about which one is most precise. I recall similar questions from past queries. There's a common one: "When functioning normally, they make proteins that hold a cell's growth in check." This is about tumor suppressor genes. They produce proteins that hold cell growth in check. So the "growth" here is the abnormal proliferation of cells. That fits sense6 perfectly because sense6 is "abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". So they hold the abnormal proliferation in check. Yes, that matches.

Thus, I'll answer "6".

provider: Together


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But if the genes are <t>damaged</t> -- perhaps by radiation, a chemical or through a chance accident in cell division -- their growth-suppressing proteins no longer work, and cells normally under control turn malignant.

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Which numbered sense of 'damage' (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense."

Sentence: "But if the genes are <t>damaged</t> -- perhaps by radiation, a chemical or through a chance accident in cell division -- their growth-suppressing proteins no longer work, and cells normally under control turn malignant."

We have two senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

We need to figure out which sense matches the usage in the sentence. The verb "are damaged" is passive. The subject is "genes". The phrase "by radiation, a chemical or through a chance accident" indicates an agent causing the damage. So genes are receiving the action of being damaged. This matches sense 1: inflict damage upon. The genes are damaged by something. Sense 2 is intransitive: suffer or be susceptible to damage (e.g., "These cups damage easily" means they are easily damaged). Here, it's clearly a passive construction with an agent, so sense 1. The answer is 1.